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| 1 | US08/234,374|US08/354,876|WOUS95/004437 | WOUS95/004437|JPH07-528248|CN95192813|EP95916298|ES95916298T|NZ28427995|AU2284395|MX9605041|BR9507544|US08/354,876|US08/234,374 | JP3961563|CN1077398|ES2145274|EP0760597|NZ284279|AU695284|MX9605041|JPH09-512432|BR9507544|EP0760597|CN1147192|EP0760597|US5535701|AU2284395|WO95/29583|US5433173 | 1220367 | WO95/29583 A1 1995-11-09 [WO9529583]|JP3961563 B2 2007-08-22 [JP3961563]|JPH09-512432 A 1997-12-16 [JP09512432]|CN1077398 C 2002-01-09 [CN1077398C]|CN1147192 A 1997-04-09 [CN1147192]|EP0760597 B1 2000-03-01 [EP-760597]|EP0760597 A4 1997-07-16 [EP-760597]|EP0760597 A1 1997-03-12 [EP-760597]|ES2145274 T3 2000-07-01 [ES2145274]|NZ284279 A 1998-09-24 [NZ-284279]|AU695284 B2 1998-08-13 [AU-695284]|AU2284395 A 1995-11-29 [AU9522843]|MX9605041 A 1998-05-31 [MX9605041]|BR9507544 A 1997-08-05 [BR9507544]|US5535701 A 1996-07-16 [US5535701]|US5433173 A 1995-07-18 [US5433173] | 1994-04-28|1994-12-09|1995-04-14 | 1995-04-14|1995-04-14|1995-04-14|1995-04-14|1995-04-14|1995-04-14|1995-04-14|1995-04-14|1995-04-14|1994-12-09|1994-04-28 | 2007-08-22|2002-01-09|2000-07-01|2000-03-01|1998-09-24|1998-08-13|1998-05-31|1997-12-16|1997-08-05|1997-07-16|1997-04-09|1997-03-12|1996-07-16|1995-11-29|1995-11-09|1995-07-18 | (EP-760597)|2000-03-01|(US5535701)|1996-07-16|(US5433173)|1995-07-18||(JP3961563)|2007-08-22|(CN1077398C)|2002-01-09|(ES2145274)|2000-07-01|(AU-695284)|1998-08-13||| | (EP0760597)|2015-04-14|(US5535701)|2014-12-09|(US5433173)|2014-04-28|(WO95/29583)|1997-10-28|(JP3961563)|2011-05-25|(CN1077398)|2012-06-27|(ES2145274)|2012-05-24|(AU695284)|2015-04-14|(NZ284279)|2015-04-14|(MX9605041)|2015-04-14|(BR9507544)|2003-08-05 | (EP0760597)|Method of increasing seafood production in the ocean | (EP0760597)|A method of increasing seafood production in the oceans comprises (1) testing the water at the surface of the ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, (2) applying to the ocean water a fertilizer that comprises a microorganism that fixes nitrogen and sufficient nutrients to cause the microorganism to fix nitrogen (if the ocean water is missing nitrates), and the other missing nutrients, and (3) harvesting the increased production of seafood that results from the fertilization. | MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR|MARKELS MICHAEL|MICHAEL MARKELS JR|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR.|MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR. | (EP0760597)|Markels, Michael Jr. ([US])|(EP0760597)|Markels, Michael Jr. ([US])|(EP0760597)|Markels, Michael Jr. ([US])|(US5535701)|MARKELS, JR. MICHAEL|(US5433173)|MARKLES, JR. MICHAEL|(WO95/29583)|MARKELS, Michael, Jr. ([US])|||(CN1077398)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|(CN1147192)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|(ES2145274)|MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(AU695284)|MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(AU2284395)|MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(NZ284279)|MARKELS, MICHAEL|(MX9605041)|MICHAEL MARKELS, JR.|(BR9507544)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. | MARKELS MICHAEL JR | (EP0760597)|Markels, Michael Jr.|(EP0760597)|Markels, Michael Jr.|(EP0760597)|Markels, Michael Jr. | (EP0760597)|Calamita, Roberto;Frank B. Dehn & Co., ([GB])|Reg. Nb: 00069571|(US5535701)|Bacon & Thomas|(US5433173)|Bacon & Thomas|(WO95/29583)|MOORE, Thomas, J. etc. ([US])|(CN1077398)|ZHONG SHOUQI;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD.|Reg. Nb: 72001|WU DAJIAN;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD.|Reg. Nb: 72001 | (EP0760597)|There are a great many fertilizers and methods of fertilization that are known to the related art.|There is also easy access to the oceans, without the need to construct railroads and highways.|This patent further discloses a water desalinization device that may be submerged in order to induce such an upwelling, and that avoids the disadvantages of thermally operated systems.|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.| | (EP0760597)|1. A method of increasing seafood production in the open ocean comprising the steps of applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean and introducing algae, egg masses or other organisms if missing, said fertilizer comprising a) a float material; and b) at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen if missing, and/or at least one nutrient that is missing from the ocean to a significant extent.| | (EP0760597)|One of the objects of the invention that is disclosed by this patent, is to provide a long-term nutrient source from solid and liquid municipal wastes. The patent discloses a centralized system involving the conversion of insoluble organic and mineral compounds to soluble plant nutrients by means of microorganisms living within a cellulosic matrix of a large package.|This patent discloses a method for encapsulating a wide variety of materials using starch as the encapsulating agent.|This patent discloses that life on earth depends on food that is created by green plant organisms through the process of conversion of sunlight into energy known as photosynthesis.| | (EP0760597)|SEA(100,32)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,17)|OPEN OCEAN(100,2)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(100,1)|FERTILIZER(88,45)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(84,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(76,22)|CELLULOSE MATRIX(67,1)|MICROORGANISM(64,11)|EGG MASS(63,5)|NUTRIENT LOCALIZATION(62,1)|ORGANISM(61,6)|NUTRIENT(60,18)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(55,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUBILITY(55,1)|WATER DESALINIZATION(55,1)|ENCAPSULATING(50,1)|INORGANIC COMPOUND(50,1)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(50,1)|FERTILIZATION(46,16)|WHEAT CHAFF(44,3)|PEANUT HULL(43,5)|LARGE PACKAGE CELLULOSIC MATRIX(39,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(38,8)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(37,3)|HIGHWAY(37,1)|NUTRIENT SOURCE(37,1)|ALGAE(36,8)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(36,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(36,2)|EDDY(34,1)|STORM(34,1)|SWIRL(34,1)|DAY DISSOLUTION RATE(32,1)|TIDE(32,1)|RAILROAD(31,2)|STARCH(29,1)|COAST(26,8)|GREEN PLANT(25,1)|HATCHERY(24,2)|LARGE PACKAGE(24,1)|JUVENILE FISH(23,2)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(22,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(21,2)|GULF STREAM(20,13)|RICE HULL(20,3)|FOOD(20,2)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(19,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(19,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(18,1)|CORN COB(17,3)|CHLOROPHYL RICH PLUME(17,1)|CONTINUING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(17,1)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(17,1)|MINERAL(16,4)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(15,3)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(15,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(15,1)|PLANT BIOMASS DOUBLING(15,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(15,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(14,3)|VERDANT ZONE(14,2)|WEST COAST(14,2)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(13,4)|COUNTRY COAST(13,1)|FOREST FERTILIZATION(13,1)|LONG TERM NUTRIENT SOURCE(13,1)|MICROALGAE PROLIFERATION(13,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(13,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(13,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(13,1)|SEAFOOD CONSUMER(13,1)|SEAWEED FERTILIZER(13,1)|000PER YEAR INDUSTRY(12,1)|CENTRALIZED SYSTEM(12,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(12,1)|CULTURING MICROALGAE(12,1)|ENCAPSULATE NUTRIENT(12,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(12,1)|FERTILIZER CONSTITUENT(12,1)|FERTILIZER TIMED RELEASE(12,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(12,1)|OCEAN FARMING(12,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(12,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(12,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(12,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(12,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX(12,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(12,1)|SEAWATER(10,4)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(10,1)|CROSSLINKING REAGENT(10,1)|EAST COAST(10,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(10,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(10,1)|OCEAN APHOTIC ZONE(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(10,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(10,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(10,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(10,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(10,1)|ENCROACHMENT(9,2)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(9,2)|ALGAE BLOOM(8,3)|ANCESTOR(8,3)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FLOAT MATERIAL(8,2)|ALGAE SUSPENSION(8,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(8,1)|EARLY HISTORY(8,1)|FOOD NUTRITIOUS SOURCE(8,1)|INTRODUCING ALGAE(8,1)|NATURAL FERTILIZATION(8,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(8,1)|NUTRIENT ORGANIC CARRIER(8,1)|NUTRIENT RICH WATER UPWELLING(8,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(8,1)|OCEAN REST(8,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(8,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT BALANCE(8,1)|JOB(7,3)|ATLANTIC(7,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(7,2)|METRIC TON(7,2)|PACIFIC COAST(7,2)|WATER STATE(7,2)|SHIP(6,3)|FUNNEL(6,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(6,1)|BIOCONVERTOR(6,1)|CHANGING SEASON(6,1)|CLIMAX FOREST(6,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(6,1)|GRANULAR MASS(6,1)|GRASS(6,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(6,1)|HARVEST ABLE FOOD PRODUCTION(6,1)|NET CO2(6,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(6,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(6,1)|SOLUBLE SALT(6,1)|WINTER CONDITION(6,1)|JAPANESE CURRENT(5,3)|BAIT FISH(5,1)|CERTAINTY(5,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(5,1)|CONTROVERSY(5,1)|COW(5,1)|DESERT(5,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(5,1)|DROUGHT(5,1)|ENTRAPMENT(5,1)|FERMENTATION(5,1)|FISH CATCH(5,1)|FISHERMAN(5,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(5,1)|GRANULATION(5,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(5,1)|HORSEPOWER(5,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)||(EP0760597)|SEA(100,32)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,17)|OPEN OCEAN(100,2)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(100,1)|FERTILIZER(88,45)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(84,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(76,22)|CELLULOSE MATRIX(67,1)|MICROORGANISM(64,11)|EGG MASS(63,5)|NUTRIENT LOCALIZATION(62,1)|ORGANISM(61,6)|NUTRIENT(60,18)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(55,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUBILITY(55,1)|WATER DESALINIZATION(55,1)|ENCAPSULATING(50,1)|INORGANIC COMPOUND(50,1)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(50,1)|FERTILIZATION(46,16)|WHEAT CHAFF(44,3)|PEANUT HULL(43,5)|LARGE PACKAGE CELLULOSIC MATRIX(39,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(38,8)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(37,3)|HIGHWAY(37,1)|NUTRIENT SOURCE(37,1)|ALGAE(36,8)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(36,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(36,2)|EDDY(34,1)|STORM(34,1)|SWIRL(34,1)|DAY DISSOLUTION RATE(32,1)|TIDE(32,1)|RAILROAD(31,2)|STARCH(29,1)|COAST(26,8)|GREEN PLANT(25,1)|HATCHERY(24,2)|LARGE PACKAGE(24,1)|JUVENILE FISH(23,2)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(22,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(21,2)|GULF STREAM(20,13)|RICE HULL(20,3)|FOOD(20,2)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(19,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(19,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(18,1)|CORN COB(17,3)|CHLOROPHYL RICH PLUME(17,1)|CONTINUING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(17,1)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(17,1)|MINERAL(16,4)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(15,3)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(15,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(15,1)|PLANT BIOMASS DOUBLING(15,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(15,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(14,3)|VERDANT ZONE(14,2)|WEST COAST(14,2)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(13,4)|COUNTRY COAST(13,1)|FOREST FERTILIZATION(13,1)|LONG TERM NUTRIENT SOURCE(13,1)|MICROALGAE PROLIFERATION(13,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(13,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(13,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(13,1)|SEAFOOD CONSUMER(13,1)|SEAWEED FERTILIZER(13,1)|000PER YEAR INDUSTRY(12,1)|CENTRALIZED SYSTEM(12,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(12,1)|CULTURING MICROALGAE(12,1)|ENCAPSULATE NUTRIENT(12,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(12,1)|FERTILIZER CONSTITUENT(12,1)|FERTILIZER TIMED RELEASE(12,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(12,1)|OCEAN FARMING(12,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(12,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(12,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(12,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(12,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX(12,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(12,1)|SEAWATER(10,4)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(10,1)|CROSSLINKING REAGENT(10,1)|EAST COAST(10,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(10,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(10,1)|OCEAN APHOTIC ZONE(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(10,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(10,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(10,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(10,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(10,1)|ENCROACHMENT(9,2)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(9,2)|ALGAE BLOOM(8,3)|ANCESTOR(8,3)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FLOAT MATERIAL(8,2)|ALGAE SUSPENSION(8,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(8,1)|EARLY HISTORY(8,1)|FOOD NUTRITIOUS SOURCE(8,1)|INTRODUCING ALGAE(8,1)|NATURAL FERTILIZATION(8,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(8,1)|NUTRIENT ORGANIC CARRIER(8,1)|NUTRIENT RICH WATER UPWELLING(8,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(8,1)|OCEAN REST(8,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(8,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT BALANCE(8,1)|JOB(7,3)|ATLANTIC(7,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(7,2)|METRIC TON(7,2)|PACIFIC COAST(7,2)|WATER STATE(7,2)|SHIP(6,3)|FUNNEL(6,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(6,1)|BIOCONVERTOR(6,1)|CHANGING SEASON(6,1)|CLIMAX FOREST(6,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(6,1)|GRANULAR MASS(6,1)|GRASS(6,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(6,1)|HARVEST ABLE FOOD PRODUCTION(6,1)|NET CO2(6,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(6,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(6,1)|SOLUBLE SALT(6,1)|WINTER CONDITION(6,1)|JAPANESE CURRENT(5,3)|BAIT FISH(5,1)|CERTAINTY(5,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(5,1)|CONTROVERSY(5,1)|COW(5,1)|DESERT(5,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(5,1)|DROUGHT(5,1)|ENTRAPMENT(5,1)|FERMENTATION(5,1)|FISH CATCH(5,1)|FISHERMAN(5,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(5,1)|GRANULATION(5,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(5,1)|HORSEPOWER(5,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)||(EP0760597)|SEA(100,32)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,17)|OPEN OCEAN(100,2)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(100,1)|FERTILIZER(88,45)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(84,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(76,22)|CELLULOSE MATRIX(67,1)|MICROORGANISM(64,11)|EGG MASS(63,5)|NUTRIENT LOCALIZATION(62,1)|ORGANISM(61,6)|NUTRIENT(60,18)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(55,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUBILITY(55,1)|WATER DESALINIZATION(55,1)|ENCAPSULATING(50,1)|INORGANIC COMPOUND(50,1)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(50,1)|FERTILIZATION(46,16)|WHEAT CHAFF(44,3)|PEANUT HULL(43,5)|LARGE PACKAGE CELLULOSIC MATRIX(39,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(38,8)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(37,3)|HIGHWAY(37,1)|NUTRIENT SOURCE(37,1)|ALGAE(36,8)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(36,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(36,2)|EDDY(34,1)|STORM(34,1)|SWIRL(34,1)|DAY DISSOLUTION RATE(32,1)|TIDE(32,1)|RAILROAD(31,2)|STARCH(29,1)|COAST(26,8)|GREEN PLANT(25,1)|HATCHERY(24,2)|LARGE PACKAGE(24,1)|JUVENILE FISH(23,2)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(22,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(21,2)|GULF STREAM(20,13)|RICE HULL(20,3)|FOOD(20,2)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(19,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(19,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(18,1)|CORN COB(17,3)|CHLOROPHYL RICH PLUME(17,1)|CONTINUING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(17,1)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(17,1)|MINERAL(16,4)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(15,3)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(15,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(15,1)|PLANT BIOMASS DOUBLING(15,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(15,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(14,3)|VERDANT ZONE(14,2)|WEST COAST(14,2)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(13,4)|COUNTRY COAST(13,1)|FOREST FERTILIZATION(13,1)|LONG TERM NUTRIENT SOURCE(13,1)|MICROALGAE PROLIFERATION(13,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(13,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(13,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(13,1)|SEAFOOD CONSUMER(13,1)|SEAWEED FERTILIZER(13,1)|000PER YEAR INDUSTRY(12,1)|CENTRALIZED SYSTEM(12,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(12,1)|CULTURING MICROALGAE(12,1)|ENCAPSULATE NUTRIENT(12,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(12,1)|FERTILIZER CONSTITUENT(12,1)|FERTILIZER TIMED RELEASE(12,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(12,1)|OCEAN FARMING(12,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(12,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(12,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(12,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(12,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX(12,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(12,1)|SEAWATER(10,4)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(10,1)|CROSSLINKING REAGENT(10,1)|EAST COAST(10,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(10,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(10,1)|OCEAN APHOTIC ZONE(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(10,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(10,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(10,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(10,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(10,1)|ENCROACHMENT(9,2)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(9,2)|ALGAE BLOOM(8,3)|ANCESTOR(8,3)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FLOAT MATERIAL(8,2)|ALGAE SUSPENSION(8,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(8,1)|EARLY HISTORY(8,1)|FOOD NUTRITIOUS SOURCE(8,1)|INTRODUCING ALGAE(8,1)|NATURAL FERTILIZATION(8,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(8,1)|NUTRIENT ORGANIC CARRIER(8,1)|NUTRIENT RICH WATER UPWELLING(8,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(8,1)|OCEAN REST(8,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(8,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT BALANCE(8,1)|JOB(7,3)|ATLANTIC(7,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(7,2)|METRIC TON(7,2)|PACIFIC COAST(7,2)|WATER STATE(7,2)|SHIP(6,3)|FUNNEL(6,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(6,1)|BIOCONVERTOR(6,1)|CHANGING SEASON(6,1)|CLIMAX FOREST(6,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(6,1)|GRANULAR MASS(6,1)|GRASS(6,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(6,1)|HARVEST ABLE FOOD PRODUCTION(6,1)|NET CO2(6,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(6,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(6,1)|SOLUBLE SALT(6,1)|WINTER CONDITION(6,1)|JAPANESE CURRENT(5,3)|BAIT FISH(5,1)|CERTAINTY(5,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(5,1)|CONTROVERSY(5,1)|COW(5,1)|DESERT(5,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(5,1)|DROUGHT(5,1)|ENTRAPMENT(5,1)|FERMENTATION(5,1)|FISH CATCH(5,1)|FISHERMAN(5,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(5,1)|GRANULATION(5,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(5,1)|HORSEPOWER(5,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)||(US5535701)|FERTILIZER(100,57)|SEA(100,34)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,23)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,17)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(80,1)|MICROORGANISM(73,14)|NUTRIENT LOCALIZATION(70,2)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(67,1)|WHEAT CHAFF(53,4)|CELLULOSE MATRIX(53,1)|PEANUT HULL(50,6)|MISSING NUTRIENT(48,2)|NUTRIENT(47,16)|EGG MASS(44,4)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(44,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUBILITY(44,1)|WATER DESALINIZATION(44,1)|FERTILIZATION(43,16)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(40,3)|ENCAPSULATING(40,1)|INORGANIC COMPOUND(40,1)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(40,1)|JUVENILE FISH(35,4)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(35,2)|FLOAT MATERIAL(34,8)|LARGE PACKAGE CELLULOSIC MATRIX(31,1)|FISHING(30,2)|HIGHWAY(30,1)|NUTRIENT SOURCE(30,1)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(29,6)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(29,2)|EDDY(27,1)|STORM(27,1)|SWIRL(27,1)|TIDE(26,1)|RAILROAD(25,2)|RICE HULL(24,4)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(24,3)|STARCH(23,1)|GULF STREAM(22,13)|CORN COB(22,4)|COAST(21,8)|GREEN PLANT(20,1)|MINERAL(19,5)|LARGE PACKAGE(19,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(17,4)|LARGE FISH(17,2)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(17,2)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(17,1)|FOOD(16,2)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(15,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(15,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(15,1)|CHLOROPHYL RICH PLUME(13,1)|CONTINUING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(13,1)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(13,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(12,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(12,1)|PLANT BIOMASS DOUBLING(12,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(12,1)|OCEAN WATER(11,10)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(11,4)|VERDANT ZONE(11,2)|WEST COAST(11,2)|COUNTRY COAST(11,1)|FOREST FERTILIZATION(11,1)|LONG TERM NUTRIENT SOURCE(11,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(11,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(11,1)|SEAFOOD CONSUMER(11,1)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FLOAT MATERIAL(10,3)|CENTRALIZED SYSTEM(9,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(9,1)|ENCAPSULATE NUTRIENT(9,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(9,1)|FERTILIZER TIMED RELEASE(9,1)|OCEAN FARMING(9,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(9,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(9,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(9,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(9,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX(9,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(9,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(8,1)|CROSSLINKING REAGENT(8,1)|EAST COAST(8,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(8,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(8,1)|OCEAN APHOTIC ZONE(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(8,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(8,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(8,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(8,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|ALGAE BLOOM(7,3)|ANCESTOR(7,3)|ENCROACHMENT(7,2)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(7,2)|JOB(6,3)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(6,1)|EARLY HISTORY(6,1)|FOOD NUTRITIOUS SOURCE(6,1)|NATURAL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(6,1)|NUTRIENT ORGANIC CARRIER(6,1)|NUTRIENT RICH WATER UPWELLING(6,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION UNIT PARAMETER(6,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|OCEAN REST(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(6,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT BALANCE(6,1)|SHIP(5,3)|ATLANTIC(5,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(5,2)|METRIC TON(5,2)|PACIFIC COAST(5,2)|SEAWATER(5,2)|WATER STATE(5,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(5,1)|CHANGING SEASON(5,1)|CLIMAX FOREST(5,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(5,1)|GRANULAR MASS(5,1)|GRASS(5,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(5,1)|HARVEST ABLE FOOD PRODUCTION(5,1)|NET CO2(5,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(5,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(5,1)|SOLUBLE SALT(5,1)|WINTER CONDITION(5,1)|YEAR INDUSTRY(5,1)|FLOATATION STRUCTURE(4,3)|JAPANESE CURRENT(4,3)|FUNNEL(4,2)|BAIT FISH(4,1)|CERTAINTY(4,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(4,1)|CONTROVERSY(4,1)|COW(4,1)|DESERT(4,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(4,1)|DROUGHT(4,1)|ENTRAPMENT(4,1)|FISH CATCH(4,1)|FISHERMAN(4,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(4,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(4,1)|HATCHERY(4,1)|HORSEPOWER(4,1)||(US5433173)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,23)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,16)|SEAFOOD IMPROVING PRODUCTION(100,1)|FERTILIZER(95,50)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(80,1)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(68,1)|SEA(55,30)|NUTRIENT(55,12)|WHEAT CHAFF(54,4)|CELLULOSE MATRIX(54,1)|FERTILIZATION(51,16)|PEANUT HULL(50,6)|MISSING NUTRIENT(46,2)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(44,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUBILITY(44,1)|WATER DESALINIZATION(44,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(42,12)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(40,3)|ENCAPSULATING(40,1)|INORGANIC COMPOUND(40,1)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(40,1)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(38,3)|LARGE PACKAGE CELLULOSIC MATRIX(31,1)|FISHING(30,2)|HIGHWAY(30,1)|NUTRIENT SOURCE(30,1)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(29,6)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(29,2)|EDDY(27,1)|STORM(27,1)|SWIRL(27,1)|TIDE(26,1)|RICE HULL(25,4)|RAILROAD(25,2)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(24,3)|GULF STREAM(23,13)|STARCH(23,1)|CORN COB(22,4)|COAST(21,8)|GREEN PLANT(20,1)|MINERAL(19,5)|LARGE PACKAGE(19,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(18,1)|LARGE FISH(17,2)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(17,2)|FOOD(16,2)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(15,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(15,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(15,1)|CONTINUING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(13,1)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(13,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(12,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(12,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(12,1)|VERDANT ZONE(11,2)|WEST COAST(11,2)|COUNTRY COAST(11,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(11,1)|FOREST FERTILIZATION(11,1)|LONG TERM NUTRIENT SOURCE(11,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(11,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(11,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(11,1)|SEAFOOD CONSUMER(11,1)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FLOAT MATERIAL(10,3)|BIOMASS(9,5)|CENTRALIZED SYSTEM(9,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(9,1)|ENCAPSULATE NUTRIENT(9,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(9,1)|FERTILIZER TIMED RELEASE(9,1)|OCEAN FARMING(9,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(9,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(9,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(9,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(9,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX(9,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(9,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(8,1)|CROSSLINKING REAGENT(8,1)|EAST COAST(8,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(8,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(8,1)|OCEAN APHOTIC ZONE(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(8,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(8,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(8,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|ALGAE BLOOM(7,3)|ANCESTOR(7,3)|ENCROACHMENT(7,2)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(7,2)|JOB(6,3)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(6,1)|EARLY HISTORY(6,1)|FOOD NUTRITIOUS SOURCE(6,1)|NATURAL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(6,1)|NUTRIENT ORGANIC CARRIER(6,1)|NUTRIENT RICH WATER UPWELLING(6,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|OCEAN REST(6,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT BALANCE(6,1)|SHIP(5,3)|ATLANTIC(5,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(5,2)|METRIC TON(5,2)|PACIFIC COAST(5,2)|SEAWATER(5,2)|WATER STATE(5,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(5,1)|CHANGING SEASON(5,1)|CLIMAX FOREST(5,1)|EGG MASS(5,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(5,1)|GRANULAR MASS(5,1)|GRASS(5,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(5,1)|HARVEST ABLE FOOD PRODUCTION(5,1)|NET CO2(5,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(5,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(5,1)|SOLUBLE SALT(5,1)|WINTER CONDITION(5,1)|YEAR INDUSTRY(5,1)|FLOATATION STRUCTURE(4,3)|JAPANESE CURRENT(4,3)|FUNNEL(4,2)|BAIT FISH(4,1)|CERTAINTY(4,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(4,1)|CONTROVERSY(4,1)|COW(4,1)|DESERT(4,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(4,1)|DROUGHT(4,1)|ENTRAPMENT(4,1)|FISH CATCH(4,1)|FISHERMAN(4,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(4,1)|HATCHERY(4,1)|HORSEPOWER(4,1)||(WO95/29583)|FERTILIZER(100,53)|SEA(100,30)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,21)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,17)|NUTRIENT LOCALIZATION(71,2)|NUTRIENT(63,17)|MICROORGANISM(61,12)|WHEAT CHAFF(55,4)|PEANUT HULL(51,6)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(49,3)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(44,3)|FERTILIZATION(40,14)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(31,3)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(30,6)|RICE HULL(25,4)|CORN COB(22,4)|MINERAL(20,5)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(18,4)|PERUVIAN UPWEILING PRODUCTIVITY(18,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(17,2)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(15,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(15,1)|CHLOROPHYL RICH PLUME(14,1)|CONTINUING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(14,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(12,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(12,1)|PLANT BIOMASS DOUBLING(12,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(12,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(11,4)|VERDANT ZONE(11,2)|WEST COAST(11,2)|COUNTRY COAST(11,1)|FOREST FERTILIZATION(11,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(11,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(11,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(11,1)|SEAFOOD CONSUMER(11,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(11,1)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FLOAT MATERIAL(10,3)|000PER YEAR INDUSTRY(9,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(9,1)|ENCAPSULATE NUTRIENT(9,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(9,1)|FERTILIZER TIMED RELEASE(9,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(9,1)|OCEAN FARMING(9,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(9,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(9,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(9,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(9,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX(9,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(9,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(8,1)|CROSSLINKING REAGENT(8,1)|EAST COAST(8,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(8,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(8,1)|OCEAN APHOTIC ZONE(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(8,1)|OOOPER YEAR(8,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(8,1)|PERUVIAN UPWEILING LEVEL(8,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(8,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|ALGAE BLOOM(7,3)|ANCESTOR(7,3)|ENCROACHMENT(7,2)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(7,2)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(7,1)|EARLY HISTORY(7,1)|FOOD NUTRITIOUS SOURCE(7,1)|NATURAL FERTILIZATION(7,1)|NATURAL UPWEILING(7,1)|NUTRIENT ORGANIC CARRIER(7,1)|NUTRIENT RICH WATER UPWEILING(7,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(7,1)|OCEAN REST(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(7,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT BALANCE(7,1)|JOB(6,3)|WOUID(6,3)|SHIP(5,3)|ATLANTIC(5,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(5,2)|METRIC TON(5,2)|PACIFIC COAST(5,2)|SEAWATER(5,2)|WATER STATE(5,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(5,1)|CHANGING SEASON(5,1)|CLIMAX FOREST(5,1)|EGG MASS(5,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(5,1)|GRANULAR MASS(5,1)|GRASS(5,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(5,1)|HARVEST ABLE FOOD PRODUCTION(5,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(5,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(5,1)|SOLUBLE SALT(5,1)|WINTER CONDITION(5,1)|FLOATATION STRUCTURE(4,3)|JAPANESE CURRENT(4,3)|FUNNEL(4,2)|BAIT FISH(4,1)|CERTAINTY(4,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(4,1)|CONTROVERSY(4,1)|COW(4,1)|DESERT(4,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(4,1)|DROUGHT(4,1)|ENTRAPMENT(4,1)|FISH CATCH(4,1)|FISHERMAN(4,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(4,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(4,1)|HATCHERY(4,1)|HORSEPOWER(4,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|IRON LIMITATION(4,1)|JUVENILE FISH(4,1)|METHANEDIONE(4,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(4,1)|NORTH(4,1)|NUTRIENT VALUE(4,1)|OCEAN COST(4,1)||(JP3961563)|FERTILIZER(100,40)|SEA(100,27)|MARINE PRODUCT PRODUCTION(100,10)|MISSING NUTRIENT(92,1)|SEAWATER EXAMINATION(90,1)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(88,1)|FISH EGG HATCHERY(86,2)|SOLUBLE PHYTONUTRIENT(81,1)|EGG BOLUS(77,3)|FERTILIZER APPLICATION(76,2)|YOUNG FRY(76,2)|WHEAT RICE HULL(70,3)|NUTRIENT(62,14)|GRANULATED MASS(61,1)|BLUE ALGA(57,2)|CELLULOSE MATRIX(57,1)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(57,1)|MICROORGANISM(56,7)|SOLUBLE SALT(54,1)|STARCH(52,5)|INORGANIC COMPOUND(52,1)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(52,1)|STARCH GRANULAR ENCAPSULATION(52,1)|SEAWATER(51,12)|MICROBE(50,1)|HARVESTING MARINE PRODUCT(48,1)|PEANUT HULL(45,3)|MUNICIPAL WASTE LIQUID(41,1)|OCEAN HONEYE ENRICHMENT SURFACE(39,1)|PEANUT SHELL(38,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(38,2)|HIGHWAY(37,1)|SUNLIGHT(37,1)|CYANOBACTERIA(34,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON(34,1)|PLANKTON(33,4)|LARGE CONTAINER CELLULOSE MATRIX(32,1)|CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL(30,1)|CORN COB(28,4)|GREEN PLANT(27,1)|ENCAPSULATION(24,2)|RAIL(24,2)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC ECOSYSTEM(23,1)|LARGE CONTAINER(23,1)|LONG TERM NUTRITION(23,1)|SUBEQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN(23,1)|FOOD(22,2)|ATLANTIC OCEAN ENRICHMENT(21,1)|CHLOROPHYL ENRICHED PLUME(19,1)|AGRICULTURAL PERSONNEL PRODUCTIVITY(18,1)|VEILING SEA RISING(18,1)|TRICHODE SMIUM(17,2)|LONG TERM NUTRITION SOURCE(16,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(16,1)|NUTRIENT INGREDIENT(15,2)|OCEAN NORTH(15,2)|CONTINUED OCEAN ENRICHMENT(14,1)|CROP VEGETATION(14,1)|FERTILIZER OPTIMIZATION(14,1)|MARINE NUTRIENT(14,1)|PEOPLE EARLY HISTORY(14,1)|POND ENRICHMENT(14,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH INCORPORATION(14,1)|AGRICULTURAL PLOW(12,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE BREEDING(12,1)|CENTRALIZED SYSTEM(12,1)|ENCAPSULATE NUTRIENT(12,1)|FENCE INTRUSION(12,1)|FOREST ENRICHMENT(12,1)|LIVEERING HORSE(12,1)|MARINE AGRICULTURE(12,1)|MARINE ENRICHMENT BASIC PARAMETER(12,1)|MAXICO WAN OCEAN CURRENT(12,1)|NONOCEAN PHOTOCHROMIC LAYER(12,1)|PACIFIC COCIAN(12,1)|POTASSIUM RICH NUTRIENT(12,1)|SUMMARY OCEAN(12,1)|WORLDWIDE FISHER(12,1)|INVESTIGATION(10,4)|NATURAL SITUATION(10,2)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE AREA(10,2)|ANNUAL SALE(10,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE INTRODUCTION(10,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(10,1)|ENRICHED OCEAN(10,1)|FISHWORK BENEFIT(10,1)|HUNTING COLLECTOR(10,1)|MARINE ENRICHMENT COST(10,1)|MINERAL ENRICHMENT(10,1)|NUTRITIONAL SUBSTANCE(10,1)|OCEAN PRODUCT HARVEST(10,1)|RELEASING LIVESTOCK(10,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(10,1)|WESTERN COAST(10,1)|WHEAT HULL(10,1)|WILD ANIMAL LIVEERING(10,1)|CONSUMPTION STATE(9,1)|HAIRLESS ZONE(9,1)|HUNDRED YEAR(9,1)|NITROGEN IMMOBILIZING MICROORGANISM(9,1)|NUTRIENT CARRIER(9,1)|PLANKTON GROWTH(9,1)|PLANT BIOMASS(9,1)|SOIL ENRICHMENT(9,1)|WATER OFFSHORE COAST(9,1)|TIE(8,3)|HARVESTER(7,4)|ANCESTOR(7,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(7,2)|SEA PRODUCTION(7,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(7,1)|ANCESTRATOR(7,1)|BIOLOGICS(7,1)|CROSSLINKER(7,1)|ENOUGH SUNLIGHT(7,1)|ENRICHMENT CONDITION(7,1)|FERTILIZER LOCATION(7,1)|FISHERY(7,1)|HURRICANE(7,1)|INCREASED MARINE PRODUCTIVITY(7,1)|IRON HYPOTHESIS ANALYSIS(7,1)|IRON LIMITATION(7,1)|JAPANESE OCEAN CURRENT(7,1)|NEGATIVE ACCEPTANCE(7,1)|NET CO2(7,1)|NONPHOTOCHROMIC LAYER(7,1)|PLANT PLANKTON PRODUCTION RATE(7,1)|QUALITY PROTEIN(7,1)|TERM PHOTOCHROMIC LAYER(7,1)|TRANSITION DEVELOPMENT(7,1)|WIDE PLANT POPULATION(7,1)|WINTER CONDITION(7,1)|FLOATING STRUCTURE(6,3)|SHIP(6,2)|BEGUN FEEDING WATER(5,1)|BUILDING MARINE PRODUCT(5,1)|CALIFORNIA(5,1)|CONFIDENCE(5,1)|DISSOLUTION RATE(5,1)|ECOSYSTEM COMPATIBLE FLOATING MATERIAL(5,1)|ENRICHING OPEN(5,1)|FEEDSTOCK SOURCE(5,1)|FINAL PHASE FOREST(5,1)|FISHING(5,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(5,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(5,1)|HECTAL(5,1)|HORSEPOWER(5,1)|INGRESS(5,1)|LIVE BLUEY AREA(5,1)|LIVING ORGANISM(5,1)||(JPH09-512432)|FERTILIZER(100,47)|SEA(100,24)|MARINE PRODUCT(100,16)|MARINE ENRICHMENT(100,14)|MARINE PRODUCT PRODUCTION(100,11)|FERTILIZER APPLICATION(90,3)|OCEAN ENRICHMENT(85,9)|FERTILIZING SEAWATER(82,1)|NUTRIENT(74,17)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(73,1)|NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT(68,2)|SEAWATER EXAMINATION(68,1)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(67,1)|PEANUT HUSK(66,2)|WHEAT RICE HUSK(64,2)|SOLUBLE PHYTONUTRIENT(62,1)|MATTER SUSPENSION(55,5)|MICROORGANISM(52,9)|TRACE MINERAL(50,2)|GRANULATED MASS(46,1)|NITROGEN IMMOBILIZING MICROORGANISM(44,2)|CELLULOSE MATRIX(44,1)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(44,1)|SOLUBLE SALT(41,1)|INORGANIC COMPOUND(40,1)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(40,1)|STARCH GRANULAR ENCAPSULATION(40,1)|BLUE ALGA(39,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON(37,2)|HARVESTING MARINE PRODUCT(37,1)|SEAWATER(32,11)|MARINE VESSEL(31,1)|MUNICIPAL WASTE LIQUID(31,1)|NITROGEN FIXED MICROORGANISM(30,5)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(29,6)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(29,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(29,2)|HIGHWAY(28,1)|SUNLIGHT(28,1)|LARGE CONTAINER CELLULOSE MATRIX(24,1)|MARINE PRODUCT INCREASED PRODUCTION(23,3)|CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL(23,1)|STARCH(23,1)|CORN COB(22,4)|GREEN PLANT(20,1)|ENCAPSULATION(18,2)|RAIL(18,2)|FOOD(17,2)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC ECOSYSTEM(17,1)|LARGE CONTAINER(17,1)|LONG TERM NUTRITION(17,1)|SUBEQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN(17,1)|ATLANTIC OCEAN ENRICHMENT(16,1)|CHLOROPHYL ENRICHED PLUME(15,1)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE SUSPENDED SOLID(13,2)|AGRICULTURAL PERSONNEL PRODUCTIVITY(13,1)|VEILING SEA RISING(13,1)|LONG TERM NUTRITION SOURCE(12,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(12,1)|NUTRIENT INGREDIENT(11,2)|OCEAN NORTH(11,2)|PEANUT HULL(11,2)|CONTINUED OCEAN ENRICHMENT(11,1)|CROP VEGETATION(11,1)|FERTILIZER OPTIMIZATION(11,1)|MARINE NUTRIENT(11,1)|PEOPLE EARLY HISTORY(11,1)|POND ENRICHMENT(11,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH INCORPORATION(11,1)|PEANUT SHELL(9,2)|AGRICULTURAL PLOW(9,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE BREEDING(9,1)|CENTRALIZED SYSTEM(9,1)|ENCAPSULATE NUTRIENT(9,1)|FENCE INTRUSION(9,1)|FOREST ENRICHMENT(9,1)|LIVEERING HORSE(9,1)|MARINE AGRICULTURE(9,1)|MARINE ENRICHMENT BASIC PARAMETER(9,1)|MAXICO WAN OCEAN CURRENT(9,1)|NONOCEAN PHOTOCHROMIC LAYER(9,1)|PACIFIC COCIAN(9,1)|PERSONG PRODUCTIVITY(9,1)|POTASSIUM RICH NUTRIENT(9,1)|SUMMARY OCEAN(9,1)|WORLDWIDE FISHER(9,1)|INVESTIGATION(8,4)|ANNUAL SALE(8,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE INTRODUCTION(8,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(8,1)|EGG BOLUS(8,1)|ENRICHED OCEAN(8,1)|FISHWORK BENEFIT(8,1)|HUNTING COLLECTOR(8,1)|MARINE ENRICHMENT COST(8,1)|MINERAL ENRICHMENT(8,1)|NUTRITIONAL SUBSTANCE(8,1)|OCEAN PRODUCT HARVEST(8,1)|OCEAN SEA(8,1)|RELEASING LIVESTOCK(8,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|WESTERN COAST(8,1)|WHEAT HULL(8,1)|WHEAT RICE HULL(8,1)|WILD ANIMAL LIVEERING(8,1)|NATURAL SITUATION(7,2)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE AREA(7,2)|TIE(6,3)|CONSUMPTION STATE(6,1)|HAIRLESS ZONE(6,1)|HUNDRED YEAR(6,1)|NUTRIENT CARRIER(6,1)|PLANKTON GROWTH(6,1)|PLANT BIOMASS(6,1)|SOIL ENRICHMENT(6,1)|WATER OFFSHORE COAST(6,1)|HARVESTER(5,4)|ANCESTOR(5,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(5,2)|SEA PRODUCTION(5,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(5,1)|ANCESTRATOR(5,1)|BIOLOGICS(5,1)|CROSSLINKER(5,1)|ENOUGH SUNLIGHT(5,1)|ENRICHMENT CONDITION(5,1)|FERTILIZER LOCATION(5,1)|FISHERY(5,1)|HURRICANE(5,1)|INCREASED MARINE PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)|IRON HYPOTHESIS ANALYSIS(5,1)|IRON LIMITATION(5,1)|JAPANESE OCEAN CURRENT(5,1)|NEGATIVE ACCEPTANCE(5,1)|NET CO2(5,1)|NONPHOTOCHROMIC LAYER(5,1)|PLANT PLANKTON PRODUCTION RATE(5,1)|QUALITY PROTEIN(5,1)|TERM PHOTOCHROMIC LAYER(5,1)|TRANSITION DEVELOPMENT(5,1)|WIDE PLANT POPULATION(5,1)|WINTER CONDITION(5,1)|FLOATING STRUCTURE(4,3)|SHIP(4,2)|BEGUN FEEDING WATER(4,1)|BUILDING MARINE PRODUCT(4,1)|CALIFORNIA(4,1)|CONFIDENCE(4,1)|DISSOLUTION RATE(4,1)|ECOSYSTEM COMPATIBLE FLOATING MATERIAL(4,1)|ENRICHING OPEN(4,1)|FEEDSTOCK SOURCE(4,1)|FINAL PHASE FOREST(4,1)|FISHING(4,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(4,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(4,1)|HECTAL(4,1)|HORSEPOWER(4,1)|INGRESS(4,1)||(CN1077398)|FERTILIZER(100,52)|SEA(100,29)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,13)|BUOYANT SUBSTANCE(93,2)|SEAFOOD FLAVOR ENHANCING(76,1)|FURROW PLOW(73,1)|NUTRIENT LOCALIZATION(65,2)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION PLANT(65,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(64,7)|MICROORGANISM(63,12)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(63,1)|INCUBATOR HOUSE(60,2)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(59,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(58,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION(56,20)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(54,1)|ENHANCING SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(53,2)|WHEAT CHAFF(50,4)|FERTILIZE MARINE SURFACE(49,2)|FARMER PRODUCTION(49,1)|PEANUT HULL(47,5)|CYANOBACTERIA(44,4)|NUTRIENT(43,18)|FERTILIZATION(42,11)|ACTIVE PARTICIPATION(41,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUBILITY(41,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(40,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON(38,6)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(37,1)|UPWELLING(36,1)|SEAWATER(34,11)|TRACE MINERAL(33,1)|EGG MASS(32,3)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(31,7)|PLANT FIBER MATRIX(29,1)|INGREDIENT(28,2)|PROLIFIC WATER(28,2)|NITRATE(27,3)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION RESULT(27,2)|JUVENILE FISH(26,3)|ENHANCED SEAFOOD PRODUCTION RESULT(25,2)|SEAWEED(24,4)|MINERAL(24,3)|RICE HULL(23,4)|NITROGEN FIXATION(21,2)|CORN COB(20,4)|PHOSPHORUS(20,2)|INORGANIC SUBSTANCE(20,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(17,3)|EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY(16,3)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC ECOSYSTEM(16,1)|FERTILIZER FIELD(16,1)|PERU COAST PRODUCTIVITY(15,1)|RUSSIAN HILLY COAST(15,1)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(14,2)|WASHINGTON COAST(14,2)|BASAL WEST FERTILIZATION(14,1)|CHLOROPHYL IRON RICH PLUME(14,1)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(14,1)|FLORIDA WEST COAST(14,1)|ENCAPSULATING STARCH GRANULE(12,1)|OPEN OCEAN(12,1)|ALGAE FLOURISHING(11,1)|MANKIND EARLY HISTORY(11,1)|OCEAN PROLIFIC ZONE(11,1)|PERU ASCENDING STREAM(11,1)|PLANT BIOMASS DOUBLING(11,1)|COUNTRY COAST(10,1)|FLORIDA KINGFISHER(10,1)|FOGINIA COAST(10,1)|FOREST FERTILIZATION(10,1)|GEORGIA COAST(10,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(10,1)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(10,1)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(10,1)|OCEAN DULL BAND(10,1)|OPEN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC 64KM2THE(10,1)|PERUVIAN UPFLOWING(10,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(10,1)|SEAFOOD HARVEST(10,1)|GULF STREAM(9,14)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FLOAT MATERIAL(9,3)|ENHANCE SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(9,2)|ALGAE BLOOM(9,1)|CALIFORNIA COAST(9,1)|CALIFORNIA NORTH(9,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(9,1)|FERTILIZER GRANULE(9,1)|HUGE DESERT(9,1)|NUTRIENT CAPSULE(9,1)|PACIFIC OCEAN COAST(9,1)|PERU UPFLOW(9,1)|RISING FISH CATCH PHENOMENON(9,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(9,1)|SEAFOOD CONSUMER(9,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(9,1)|TERRESTRIAL ORGANISM(9,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX(9,1)|JAPANESE OCEAN CURRENT(8,3)|DOWNWARD SLIDING FISHERY(7,2)|ENCROACHMENT(7,2)|IDLE ZONE(7,2)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(7,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(7,1)|EAST COAST(7,1)|FENCE CONSTRUCTION(7,1)|FERTILE MINERAL(7,1)|IRON HYPOTHESIS VALIDATION(7,1)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COST(7,1)|NORTH FLORIDA(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(7,1)|ROOF FOREST(7,1)|SUBSTANCE ENCAPSULATION(7,1)|WEST ASIA ARID REGION(7,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(7,1)|SHIP(6,4)|ANCESTOR(6,3)|ALWAYS ALGAL GROWTH(6,1)|HARVEST ABLE FOOD YIELD(6,1)|METRIC ITEM(6,1)|MIXED FERTILIZER(6,1)|NATURAL UPFLOW(6,1)|NUTRIENT ORGANIC CARRIER(6,1)|OCEAN MIX(6,1)|PEANUT SHELL(6,1)|PERUVIAN UPFLOW LEVEL(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(6,1)|TESTING SEAWATER(6,1)|WHITE REAM SEA(6,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(5,4)|EMERALD AREA(5,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(5,2)|METRIC TON(5,2)|RAILWAY(5,2)|RECEPTACLE(5,2)|SUNLIGHT(5,2)|CONSECUTIVE DAY(5,1)|FERTILIZING ACTION(5,1)|GRASS(5,1)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM CONTENT(5,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTION(5,1)|UNITED STATES COAST(5,1)|WINTER CONDITION(5,1)|FLOATING STRUCTURE(4,3)|HARVESTER(4,2)|BASIC PARAMETER(3,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(3,1)|CROSSLINKING(3,1)|DISSOLUTION RATE(3,1)|DOMESTICATED ANIMAL(3,1)|DROUGHT(3,1)|ENCAPSULATED PRODUCT(3,1)|ENTRAPMENT(3,1)|FARMLAND(3,1)|FUNNEL OPENING(3,1)|GALLAPAGO(3,1)|GARAPAGO(3,1)||(CN1147192)|FERTILIZER(100,53)|SEA(100,31)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,13)|ENHANCING SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,3)|NUTRIENT(72,22)|SEAFOOD FLAVOR ENHANCING(71,1)|FURROW PLOW(69,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(68,7)|NUTRIENT LOCALIZATION(61,2)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION PLANT(61,1)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(59,1)|FERTILIZE MARINE SURFACE(56,3)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(55,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(54,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION(52,20)|MICROORGANISM(50,10)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(50,1)|WHEAT CHAFF(47,4)|FARMER PRODUCTION(46,1)|PEANUT HULL(44,5)|CYANOBACTERIA(41,4)|FERTILIZATION(39,11)|ACTIVE PARTICIPATION(38,1)|PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUBILITY(38,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(37,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON(36,6)|INSOLUBLE ORGANIC(35,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION RESULT(33,3)|UPWELLING(33,1)|SEAWATER(32,11)|ENHANCED SEAFOOD PRODUCTION RESULT(31,3)|FLOATING SUBSTANCE(31,1)|TRACE MINERAL(31,1)|PLANT FIBER MATRIX(27,1)|INGREDIENT(26,2)|PROLIFIC WATER(26,2)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(25,6)|NITRATE(25,3)|MINERAL(23,3)|FLOATING MATERIAL(21,4)|RICE HULL(21,4)|CORN COB(19,4)|PHOSPHORUS(19,2)|INORGANIC SUBSTANCE(19,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(16,3)|EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY(15,3)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC ECOSYSTEM(15,1)|FERTILIZER FIELD(15,1)|NITROGEN FIXATION(14,1)|PERU COAST PRODUCTIVITY(14,1)|RUSSIAN HILLY COAST(14,1)|WASHINGTON COAST(13,2)|BASAL WEST FERTILIZATION(13,1)|CHLOROPHYL IRON RICH PLUME(13,1)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(13,1)|FLORIDA WEST COAST(13,1)|ENCAPSULATING STARCH GRANULE(12,1)|OPEN OCEAN(12,1)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(11,2)|ALGAE FLOURISHING(10,1)|MANKIND EARLY HISTORY(10,1)|OCEAN PROLIFIC ZONE(10,1)|PERU ASCENDING STREAM(10,1)|PLANT BIOMASS DOUBLING(10,1)|GULF STREAM(9,14)|ECOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FLOAT MATERIAL(9,3)|COUNTRY COAST(9,1)|FLORIDA KINGFISHER(9,1)|FOGINIA COAST(9,1)|FOREST FERTILIZATION(9,1)|GEORGIA COAST(9,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(9,1)|MARINE NUTRIENT(9,1)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(9,1)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(9,1)|OCEAN DULL BAND(9,1)|PERUVIAN UPFLOWING(9,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(9,1)|SEAFOOD HARVEST(9,1)|JAPANESE OCEAN CURRENT(8,3)|ENHANCE SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(8,2)|ALGAE BLOOM(8,1)|CALIFORNIA COAST(8,1)|CALIFORNIA NORTH(8,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(8,1)|FERTILIZER GRANULE(8,1)|HUGE DESERT(8,1)|NUTRIENT CAPSULE(8,1)|PACIFIC OCEAN COAST(8,1)|PERU UPFLOW(8,1)|RISING FISH CATCH PHENOMENON(8,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(8,1)|SEAFOOD CONSUMER(8,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(8,1)|TERRESTRIAL ORGANISM(8,1)|UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX(8,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(7,1)|EAST COAST(7,1)|FENCE CONSTRUCTION(7,1)|FERTILE MINERAL(7,1)|IRON HYPOTHESIS VALIDATION(7,1)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COST(7,1)|NORTH FLORIDA(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(7,1)|ROOF FOREST(7,1)|SUBSTANCE ENCAPSULATION(7,1)|WEST ASIA ARID REGION(7,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(7,1)|SHIP(6,4)|ANCESTOR(6,3)|DOWNWARD SLIDING FISHERY(6,2)|ENCROACHMENT(6,2)|IDLE ZONE(6,2)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(6,2)|ALWAYS ALGAL GROWTH(6,1)|HARVEST ABLE FOOD YIELD(6,1)|METRIC ITEM(6,1)|MIXED FERTILIZER(6,1)|NATURAL UPFLOW(6,1)|NUTRIENT ORGANIC CARRIER(6,1)|OCEAN MIX(6,1)|PEANUT SHELL(6,1)|PERUVIAN UPFLOW LEVEL(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(6,1)|TESTING SEAWATER(6,1)|WHITE REAM SEA(6,1)|EMERALD AREA(5,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(5,2)|METRIC TON(5,2)|RAILWAY(5,2)|RECEPTACLE(5,2)|SEAWEED(5,2)|SUNLIGHT(5,2)|PHOTIC ZONE(4,4)|FLOATING STRUCTURE(4,3)|HARVESTER(4,2)|CONSECUTIVE DAY(4,1)|EGG MASS(4,1)|FERTILIZING ACTION(4,1)|GRASS(4,1)|GREEN PLANT ORGANISM(4,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM CONTENT(4,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTION(4,1)|UNITED STATES COAST(4,1)|WINTER CONDITION(4,1)|BASIC PARAMETER(3,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(3,1)|CROSSLINKING(3,1)|DISSOLUTION RATE(3,1)|DOMESTICATED ANIMAL(3,1)|DROUGHT(3,1)|ENCAPSULATED PRODUCT(3,1)|ENTRAPMENT(3,1)|FARMLAND(3,1)|FUNNEL OPENING(3,1)|GALLAPAGO(3,1)|GARAPAGO(3,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(3,1)| | (EP0760597)|1. A method of increasing seafood production in the open ocean comprising the steps of applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean and introducing algae, egg masses or other organisms if missing, said fertilizer comprising| a) a float material; and| b) at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen if missing, and/or at least one nutrient that is missing from the ocean to a significant extent.|2. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean, in order to determine at least one of the nutrients that is missing to a significant extent; and| (2) applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean, and introducing algae, egg masses or other organisms, said fertilizer comprising a float material, at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen and at least one member selected from the group consisting of said nutrients; and| (3) harvesting at least a portion of the increased production of seafood that results from said fertilization of said ocean.|3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fertiliser comprises a float material and at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen.|4. A method as claimed in any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein said microorganism comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton, and said fertilizer comprises sufficient localized nutrients to cause at least one of said microorganisms to fix nitrogen.|5. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said fertilizer comprises a phosphate, iron and trace minerals.|6. A method as claimed in any one of claims 2 or 4 wherein said nutrient is iron.|7. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said float material is selected from rice hulls, wheat chaff, ground corn cobs, peanut hulls and other ecologically suitable float materials.|8. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising the following step:| (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean, in order to determine at least one of the nutrients that is missing to a significant extent; and| (2) applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean, and introducing algae, egg masses or other organisms, said fertilizer comprising a float material and at least one of said nutrients; and| (3) harvesting at least a portion of the increased production of seafood that results from said fertilization of said ocean.|9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the fertiliser further comprises a high molecular weight starch.|10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the fertiliser has a dissolution rate of days to one week.|11. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein said other organisms are juvenile fish from hatcheries. | (EP0760597)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0001] The field of the invention is the production of seafood.|[0002] The earliest history of the human race shows us as hunter-gatherers, who took what the land produced for our own purposes. These hunter-gatherers were part of the natural scene rather than changing the natural scene for their own purposes. About 7,000 to 8,000 years ago in the Middle East, this changed with the domestication of wild animals, such as the cow, pig, goat, sheep and dog. At that point, our ancestors began herding domestic animals to the best pastures with changing seasons and conditions. Our ancestors continued to hunt and gather food, but found herding more productive. This trend continued with the domestication of the horse in the arid regions of Western Asia.|[0003] Then about 5.500 years ago, a new invention swept the then civilized world. This invention was the mold-board plow, which increased the productivity of a farmer by about a factor of seven. It also changed the way we looked at the land, from passive acceptance to active intervention. This change resulted in the planting of favorite crops, rather than accepting what had always grown there. Our ancestors also began to add water and nutrients to the soil, to further increase productivity.|[0004] These transitions were not always smooth or without controversy. For many years, there was a free range in the Western states of the United States of America. At that time, some argued strongly against fences, roads, houses, farms, railroads and other encroachments on the free range. They correctly argued that cities would follow such encroachments on the free range.|[0005] While such transitions have progressed considerably on the land, they have hardly begun on the oceans which cover three fourths of the earth's surface. A similar return in the increased productivity of the oceans may be achieved by similar changes.|[0006] The fishermen and the fisherwomen of the world have known for many years that there is a great variation in the productivity of the different areas of the oceans and other bodies of water. Recently, the extent of this variation has been measured and the reasons for it determined. It is now known that about 60% of all life in the ocean occurs in 2% of the ocean surface. Thus, the ocean may be considered as a vast desert with only a few verdant zones where life abounds. These verdant zones are easy to spot. For most of the ocean surface, you can see about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters) through the water, as you can see in the Gulf Stream. In contrast, you can see only about 2 feet (about 0.6 meters) through the water in the productive zones of the oceans because the living matter in the water is so dense. This is the case in the natural upwelling off the coast of Peru.|[0007] Samples have been taken from these productive zones, and from other areas of the ocean. The difference has been determined. The productive zones of the ocean are rich in iron, phosphorus, nitrogen and trace minerals, while the rest of the ocean is missing one or more of these elements. These fertilizing minerals are required in order to obtain the maximum production of seafood from a given area in the ocean. There is considerable variance in the nutrients present in different zones of the ocean surface, and samples must be taken and analyzed in order to ascertain the exact level of nutrients required to obtain the productivity of the Peruvian upwelling.|[0008] The oceans differ from the land in several regards: (1) there is never a drought in the oceans; (2) the oceans move; and (3) the oceans mix both vertically and horizontally. The first difference means that the oceans need only minor constituents in order to achieve improved productivity. There is also easy access to the oceans, without the need to construct railroads and highways. The second difference means that the fertilization may be carried out at a location that is quite distant from the location where the harvesting of seafood is carried out. The third difference means that the fertilization must be carried out on a large scale, or the results of the fertilization may be impossible to find.|[0009] The art that is related to the present invention includes the art of fertilizers and other methods to improve the production of seafood.|[0010] U.S. Patent No. 4,189,379 discloses a method for bringing nutrient-rich water from the aphotic zone of the ocean to the photic zone. This patent discloses that life on earth depends on food that is created by green plant organisms through the process of conversion of sunlight into energy known as photosynthesis. In oceans, sufficient sunlight to support the process of photosynthesis is present in only the 100 to 200 meters of water beneath the surface of the ocean. The term photic zone may be used to describe this area, where all of the ocean's photosynthesis takes place. Below the photic zone, there is the aphotic zone where there is insufficient light to support photosynthesis. The production of harvestable food in the photic zone may be increased by artificially inducing an upwelling of relatively nutrient-rich water from the aphotic zone. This patent further discloses a water desalinization device that may be submerged in order to induce such an upwelling, and that avoids the disadvantages of thermally operated systems.|[0011] "Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean", J. H. Martin et al., Nature, Volume 371, pages 123-129 (September 8, 1994) describes a test that iron might limit phytoplankton growth in large regions of the ocean by enriching an area of 64 KM2 in the open equatorial Pacific Ocean with iron. This reportedly resulted in a doubling of plant biomass, a threefold increase in chlorophyll and a fourfold increase in plant production. Similar increases were reportedly found in a chlorophyll-rich plume downstream of the Galapagos Islands, which was naturally enriched in iron. These findings reportedly indicate that iron limitation can control rates of phytoplankton production and biomass in the ocean.|[0012] There are a great many fertilizers and methods of fertilization that are known to the related art.|[0013] U.S. Patent No. 976,793 discloses a fertilizer that comprises salts such as nitrates and phosphates of ammonia and potash, with a cementitious material that produces a granular mass, from which these soluble salts will not easily be leached by the action of water.|[0014] U.S. Patent No. 4,579,579 discloses a method for preparing a slow-release fertilizer. The fertilizer may comprise a natural, organic, highly absorbent carrier material, such as peanut hulls, with a nutrient material rich in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and trace elements along with a chemically complete and balanced plant nutrient. The nutrients become available at a slow and controlled rate because before they can be leached away from the peanut hulls, the organic carrier of the nutrients must decompose. In addition, the peanut hulls act not only as carrier for the nutrients but are themselves a nutrient material.|[0015] U.S. Patent No. 4,581,846 discloses a system and method for the fertilization of forest, farm and other large plant communities. One of the objects of the invention that is disclosed by this patent, is to provide a long-term nutrient source from solid and liquid municipal wastes. The patent discloses a centralized system involving the conversion of insoluble organic and mineral compounds to soluble plant nutrients by means of microorganisms living within a cellulosic matrix of a large package.|[0016] U.S. Patent No. 4,755,397 discloses a starch based particulate encapsulation process. This patent discloses a method for encapsulating a wide variety of materials using starch as the encapsulating agent. This process of encapsulation may be used to encapsulate a wide range of materials, including plant growth regulators and fertilizers.|[0017] U.S. Patent No. 4,911,952 discloses encapsulation by entrapment within a matrix of unmodified starch. A substantially complete encapsulation is achieved without the use of chemical cross-linking reagents. The process may be used to encapsulate nutrients, micronutrients and a wide variety of other agents.|[0018] U.S. Patent No. 5,143,020 discloses a pond fertilizing apparatus. This apparatus comprises a receiver that is positioned below a floatation structure. The floatation structure is provided with a funnel shaped opening. Fertilizer may be poured through the funnel shaped opening into the receiver. Water may flow between the top of the receiver and the flotation structure, and thereby dissolve fertiliser.|[0019] JP-A-48048256 discloses a method of manufacturing a seaweed fertiliser which has a propensity to float characterised by the steps of volatilization, granulation and drying of fermentation waste fluid. The fertiliser thus formed comprises reducing sugar and optionally nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium and fertiliser constituents consisting of other inorganic and/or organic matter.|[0020] JP-A-05292848 discloses a method for the improvement of the global environment by culturing microalgae growing in seawater in an optical bioconvertor to form an algae suspension which is then diluted with sea water and then discharged into a warm sea current to effect the cultivation and proliferation of the microalgae.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0021] A method of increasing seafood production is achieved by the method according to claim 1.|[0022] A method of increasing seafood production in the oceans is further achieved by (1) testing the ocean water in order to determine the nutrients that are missing from the water, (2) applying to the ocean water a fertilizer that comprises a microorganism that fixes nitrogen and sufficient nutrients to cause the microorganism to fix nitrogen (if the ocean water is missing nitrates), and the other missing nutrients, introducing algae, egg masses or other organisms and (3) harvesting the seafood that is produced by the fertilization. The testing may be carried out by any of a number of methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, in order to ascertain the nutrients that are missing to a significant extent from the water. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the production of seafood would be reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. The fertilization may be carried out using one or more fertilizers. If the ocean water is missing nitrates, then the fertilizers should comprise nitrogen fixing microorganisms, such as blue green algae and phytoplankton (Trichodesmium) which fix nitrogen in the open ocean, and sufficient nutrients to cause the microorganisms to fix nitrogen. Preferably, the microorganisms and nutrients that are required to cause the microorganisms to fix nitrogen, are localized (such as in the same particles of fertilizer) so the nutrients are immediately available to the microorganisms when they encounter the ocean water. The careful addition of iron may be the only nutrient required to cause blue green algae and phytoplankton (Trichodesmium) to bloom and fix nitrogen. The fertilizers should provide the other (non-nitrate) nutrients that are missing from the ocean water. Thus, depending on the results of the testing, the fertilizer may comprise iron, phosphates, nitrogen fixing microorganisms, and trace minerals, as well as other materials. The fertilizer is preferably attached to a float material such as rice hulls, wheat chaff, ground corn cobs, peanut hulls and/or another ecologically suitable float material. The fertilizer may also comprise a high molecular weight starch, which allows for the timed release of the fertilizer from the float. The harvesting of the seafood may be carried out at the point of application of the fertilizer, but at a later time, or when an ocean current is involved, the harvesting may be carried out at a point downstream from the point at which the fertilizer is applied.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0023] Ocean fertilization according to the present invention would greatly increase the productivity of seafood from the oceans. (The term "oceans" also includes seas, bays and other large bodies of water). For example, ocean fertilization along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States could increase the productivity off these coasts up to the level that occurs naturally off the coast of Peru. This could increase the productivity of seafood along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States by a factor of 30 or more, and thereby provide thousands of new jobs and revitalize a fishing industry that is in decline in some areas of the United States, while at the same time generating a high quality protein food for both domestic consumption and export. Ocean fertilization could also increase the fish catch off the coasts of other countries with the same benefits.|[0024] The ocean fertilization could take- place within national waters, thereby assuring that the benefits of the increased production of seafood would inure to the benefit of the fishing industry of the country that engages in the ocean fertilization. For example, all of the fertilization by the United States could take place within the 200 mile (about 323 kilometer) limit, so that essentially all of the impact would be within U.S. waters.|[0025] The basic parameter of ocean fertilization is that about 1 pound (about 0.45 kilogram) of fertilizer produces about 2 to 10 tons (about 1.8 to 9.1 metric tons) of biomass in the ocean. A conservative estimate would be that a ton (about 0.9 metric ton) would produce about 4,000 tons (about 3,600 metric tons) of biomass in the ocean.|[0026] The productivity per surface area should be higher in the fertilized ocean, as compared to on the fertilized land. Sugar cane cultivation currently produces about 40 tons per acre (about 36 metric tons per 0.4 hectare) per year. If the same rate of production is achieved in ocean fertilization, this would be about 25,600 tons per square mile (about 23,300 metric tons per 2.6 square kilometers) per year.|[0027] On the land, fertilization is almost always accompanied by planting. In the ocean, the fertilization according to the present invention may be combined with the introduction of algae, egg masses and other organisms, including juvenile fish from hatcheries, to further increase the production of seafood from the ocean.|[0028] On the land, the planting and fertilization are usually carried out in the spring, and the harvesting is usually carried out in the fall. In ocean farming, the amount of time between fertilization and harvesting depends on a number of factors. The delay time for algae to bloom after fertilization is about four days. Then plankton graze on the algae, the bait fish eat the plankton and on up the food chain to the large mammals and fish. Off the coasts of the United States, the most significant currents are the Gulf Stream and the Japanese current. Each of these flow at about 4 miles per hour (about 6.4 kilometers per hour). Thus, fertilization at one location of the ocean surface in either of these currents, will produce results for harvesting at another location downstream. A delay time of about four days would be about 400 miles (about 645 kilometers) at about 4 miles per hour (about 6.4 kilometers per hour). For the Gulf Stream, this means that fertilization off of Key West, Florida, would result in improved fishing off of north Florida, with the larger fish coming in off the coasts of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia. The improved fishing could continue for many miles of the Gulf Stream depending on how the fertilization was carried out.|[0029] Ocean fertilization could be carried out as far north as Massachusetts in the summer when the Gulf Stream often approaches the coast. In contrast, during the winter the Labrador current brings cold water with relatively high nutrient content down as far as New York and New Jersey. Under these winter conditions, the Gulf Stream tends to veer east towards Europe outside the 200 mile (323 kilometer) limit off the coast of Virginia.|[0030] Testing may determine that ocean fertilization in the Gulf Stream may be carried out even earlier, such as off the west coast of Florida, so that the algae bloom is already underway by the time the Gulf Stream rounds Key West, Florida. This would allow more time to harvest the larger fish off the East Coast of the United States before the Gulf Stream veers east out of the national waters of the United States.|[0031] In the Gulf Stream, the fertilizer is expected to consist primarily of iron with some phosphates and some nitrogen fixing microorganisms, in order to bring the nutrient content up to the level of the Peruvian upwelling. The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes. However, the result of ocean fertilization is almost certainly that algae will grow, and the rest will follow.|[0032] Ocean fertilization is effective only in the upper level of the ocean, and preferably in the top about 100 feet (about 30 meters) of the ocean. Therefore, the preferred method of ocean fertilization will hitch the fertilizer to a float, such as rice hulls, wheat chaffs, ground corn cobs, peanut hulls and so forth. The fertilizer will preferably be in the form that will dissolve in the surface water over a period of days, or perhaps as long as a week. Therefore, a preferred method of ocean fertilization will include a mixture of the fertilizer material with a high molecular weight starch, so as to produce a fertilizer that dissolves slowly in the ocean water. The initial method of ocean fertilization should be designed to bring the relevant portion of the ocean surface to the nutrient composition of the ocean surface in the Peruvian upwelling, because of the known production of seafood there. The method of ocean fertilization will preferably include additional testing and studies of the dynamics of seafood growth under the conditions of fertilization, so that further modifications and improvements in the composition of the fertilizer and the method of ocean fertilization can be achieved.|[0033] The ocean fertilization of about 53,000 square miles (about 140,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 1,340 million tons (about 1,220 million metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 250,000 tons (about 230,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer. This is about 1,000 tons (about 900 metric tons) per day for 250 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $200 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $50,000,000per year. The cost of ocean fertilization preferably also includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of ocean fertilization, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|[0034] The Detailed Description above is primarily aimed at the Gulf Stream because it flows near the largest centers of population of the United States and has an existing fishing industry. However, the present method of improved production of seafood is applicable to other areas well. Modifications of the method will be required depending on the location. For example, the present method of is applicable to the West Coast of the United States as well. The Japanese current receives natural fertilization from upwellings in the Bering Sea. This enhances the production of seafood all the way down to the coast of the State of Washington, but the production of seafood dwindles along the Oregon coast and is gone by the time the Japanese current reaches northern California. The Japanese current could be fertilized off of the coast of the State of Washington in order to increase the production of seafood off the Oregon coast and California coast. Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on the area of the ocean that is being fertilized.|[0035] The present method of ocean fertilization could utilize ships that would be at sea for about 120 days, and have the capacity to carry about 120,000 tons (about 110,000 metric tons) of fertilizer. The ships would be provided with pumps to mix the fertilizer with the seawater, and disperses the mixture into the ocean. Each ship could be provided with 3 pumps of 2,500 horsepower each, in order to spray a mixture of 90% seawater and 10% fertilizer over the stern. Each ship would need to have a capacity of about 600,000 Bbls (about 90,000 kiloliters), which is a medium size tanker.|[0036] The fertilization of the ocean will result in an algae bloom. The algae bloom will remove CO2 from the water and later from the air. The biomass will become part of the food chain eventually including large fish and whales. The animal life will oxidize the biomass and return the CO2 to the ocean and eventually to the air. Some of the biological material will descend to the ocean floor where it will be picked up by the bottom currents and eventually recycled into upwellings. The total carbon that becomes part of this cycle is removed from the ocean waters and atmosphere. In time, an equilibrium will be reached just like the climax forest, after which no net reduction of atmospheric CO2 will occur. The length of time for the ocean to reach this equilibrium is estimated to be many hundreds of years, but cannot be estimated with certainty. This means that a continuing ocean fertilization will remove net CO2 for a substantial period of time to come.|[0037] The production of 1,000 million tons (about 1,016 million metric tons) of algae (biomass) per year would produce about 50,000,000 tons (about 50,800,000 metric tons) of additional fish, if we get about 1 ton (about 1.1 metric ton) of useful fish for each 20 tons (about 20.3 metric tons) of algae. This is about 1 pound (about 0.45 kilogram) of additional fish per day for every man, woman and child in the United States, that would be achieved by using the present method of improved production of seafood in the Gulf Stream as discussed above. Thus, a highly nutritious source of food would be produced for both residents of the United States and other countries by using the present method of improved production of seafood in the Gulf Stream.|[0038] The fertilizer to be used in the present method of production of seafood will have a number of specifications, such as the rate of dissolution and a density less than water, as well as the required nutrient value and content of nitrogen fixing microorganisms. The least expensive source of raw materials that have the required chemical composition should suffice, because sea life seems able to process fertilizer regardless of the form or chemical combination. The fertilizer must not contain any toxic chemicals in a concentration that would harm the sea life, and must be free of pathogens that could be ingested by the consumers of the seafood. Thus, there are many waste streams that could be processed to produce a suitable fertilizer at a low cost, and at a significant addition to the effort to recycle waste.|[0039] The present method of improved production of seafood would have significant economic impact. The production of 50,000,000 tons (about 50,800,000 metric tons) per year of additional seafood along one coast of the United States would produce a $50,000,000,000per year industry if the value of the seafood averages $.50 per pound (0.45 kilograms). This would create one million new jobs for each coast, if there was one new job for each $50,000 in sales per year.|[0040] Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | (EP0760597)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0001] The field of the invention is the production of seafood.|[0002] The earliest history of the human race shows us as hunter-gatherers, who took what the land produced for our own purposes. These hunter-gatherers were part of the natural scene rather than changing the natural scene for their own purposes. About 7,000 to 8,000 years ago in the Middle East, this changed with the domestication of wild animals, such as the cow, pig, goat, sheep and dog. At that point, our ancestors began herding domestic animals to the best pastures with changing seasons and conditions. Our ancestors continued to hunt and gather food, but found herding more productive. This trend continued with the domestication of the horse in the arid regions of Western Asia.|[0003] Then about 5.500 years ago, a new invention swept the then civilized world. This invention was the mold-board plow, which increased the productivity of a farmer by about a factor of seven. It also changed the way we looked at the land, from passive acceptance to active intervention. This change resulted in the planting of favorite crops, rather than accepting what had always grown there. Our ancestors also began to add water and nutrients to the soil, to further increase productivity.|[0004] These transitions were not always smooth or without controversy. For many years, there was a free range in the Western states of the United States of America. At that time, some argued strongly against fences, roads, houses, farms, railroads and other encroachments on the free range. They correctly argued that cities would follow such encroachments on the free range.|[0005] While such transitions have progressed considerably on the land, they have hardly begun on the oceans which cover three fourths of the earth's surface. A similar return in the increased productivity of the oceans may be achieved by similar changes.|[0006] The fishermen and the fisherwomen of the world have known for many years that there is a great variation in the productivity of the different areas of the oceans and other bodies of water. Recently, the extent of this variation has been measured and the reasons for it determined. It is now known that about 60% of all life in the ocean occurs in 2% of the ocean surface. Thus, the ocean may be considered as a vast desert with only a few verdant zones where life abounds. These verdant zones are easy to spot. For most of the ocean surface, you can see about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters) through the water, as you can see in the Gulf Stream. In contrast, you can see only about 2 feet (about 0.6 meters) through the water in the productive zones of the oceans because the living matter in the water is so dense. This is the case in the natural upwelling off the coast of Peru.|[0007] Samples have been taken from these productive zones, and from other areas of the ocean. The difference has been determined. The productive zones of the ocean are rich in iron, phosphorus, nitrogen and trace minerals, while the rest of the ocean is missing one or more of these elements. These fertilizing minerals are required in order to obtain the maximum production of seafood from a given area in the ocean. There is considerable variance in the nutrients present in different zones of the ocean surface, and samples must be taken and analyzed in order to ascertain the exact level of nutrients required to obtain the productivity of the Peruvian upwelling.|[0008] The oceans differ from the land in several regards: (1) there is never a drought in the oceans; (2) the oceans move; and (3) the oceans mix both vertically and horizontally. The first difference means that the oceans need only minor constituents in order to achieve improved productivity. There is also easy access to the oceans, without the need to construct railroads and highways. The second difference means that the fertilization may be carried out at a location that is quite distant from the location where the harvesting of seafood is carried out. The third difference means that the fertilization must be carried out on a large scale, or the results of the fertilization may be impossible to find.|[0009] The art that is related to the present invention includes the art of fertilizers and other methods to improve the production of seafood.|[0010] U.S. Patent No. 4,189,379 discloses a method for bringing nutrient-rich water from the aphotic zone of the ocean to the photic zone. This patent discloses that life on earth depends on food that is created by green plant organisms through the process of conversion of sunlight into energy known as photosynthesis. In oceans, sufficient sunlight to support the process of photosynthesis is present in only the 100 to 200 meters of water beneath the surface of the ocean. The term photic zone may be used to describe this area, where all of the ocean's photosynthesis takes place. Below the photic zone, there is the aphotic zone where there is insufficient light to support photosynthesis. The production of harvestable food in the photic zone may be increased by artificially inducing an upwelling of relatively nutrient-rich water from the aphotic zone. This patent further discloses a water desalinization device that may be submerged in order to induce such an upwelling, and that avoids the disadvantages of thermally operated systems.|[0011] "Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean", J. H. Martin et al., Nature, Volume 371, pages 123-129 (September 8, 1994) describes a test that iron might limit phytoplankton growth in large regions of the ocean by enriching an area of 64 KM2 in the open equatorial Pacific Ocean with iron. This reportedly resulted in a doubling of plant biomass, a threefold increase in chlorophyll and a fourfold increase in plant production. Similar increases were reportedly found in a chlorophyll-rich plume downstream of the Galapagos Islands, which was naturally enriched in iron. These findings reportedly indicate that iron limitation can control rates of phytoplankton production and biomass in the ocean.|[0012] There are a great many fertilizers and methods of fertilization that are known to the related art.|[0013] U.S. Patent No. 976,793 discloses a fertilizer that comprises salts such as nitrates and phosphates of ammonia and potash, with a cementitious material that produces a granular mass, from which these soluble salts will not easily be leached by the action of water.|[0014] U.S. Patent No. 4,579,579 discloses a method for preparing a slow-release fertilizer. The fertilizer may comprise a natural, organic, highly absorbent carrier material, such as peanut hulls, with a nutrient material rich in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and trace elements along with a chemically complete and balanced plant nutrient. The nutrients become available at a slow and controlled rate because before they can be leached away from the peanut hulls, the organic carrier of the nutrients must decompose. In addition, the peanut hulls act not only as carrier for the nutrients but are themselves a nutrient material.|[0015] U.S. Patent No. 4,581,846 discloses a system and method for the fertilization of forest, farm and other large plant communities. One of the objects of the invention that is disclosed by this patent, is to provide a long-term nutrient source from solid and liquid municipal wastes. The patent discloses a centralized system involving the conversion of insoluble organic and mineral compounds to soluble plant nutrients by means of microorganisms living within a cellulosic matrix of a large package.|[0016] U.S. Patent No. 4,755,397 discloses a starch based particulate encapsulation process. This patent discloses a method for encapsulating a wide variety of materials using starch as the encapsulating agent. This process of encapsulation may be used to encapsulate a wide range of materials, including plant growth regulators and fertilizers.|[0017] U.S. Patent No. 4,911,952 discloses encapsulation by entrapment within a matrix of unmodified starch. A substantially complete encapsulation is achieved without the use of chemical cross-linking reagents. The process may be used to encapsulate nutrients, micronutrients and a wide variety of other agents.|[0018] U.S. Patent No. 5,143,020 discloses a pond fertilizing apparatus. This apparatus comprises a receiver that is positioned below a floatation structure. The floatation structure is provided with a funnel shaped opening. Fertilizer may be poured through the funnel shaped opening into the receiver. Water may flow between the top of the receiver and the flotation structure, and thereby dissolve fertiliser.|[0019] JP-A-48048256 discloses a method of manufacturing a seaweed fertiliser which has a propensity to float characterised by the steps of volatilization, granulation and drying of fermentation waste fluid. The fertiliser thus formed comprises reducing sugar and optionally nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium and fertiliser constituents consisting of other inorganic and/or organic matter.|[0020] JP-A-05292848 discloses a method for the improvement of the global environment by culturing microalgae growing in seawater in an optical bioconvertor to form an algae suspension which is then diluted with sea water and then discharged into a warm sea current to effect the cultivation and proliferation of the microalgae.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0021] A method of increasing seafood production is achieved by the method according to claim 1.|[0022] A method of increasing seafood production in the oceans is further achieved by (1) testing the ocean water in order to determine the nutrients that are missing from the water, (2) applying to the ocean water a fertilizer that comprises a microorganism that fixes nitrogen and sufficient nutrients to cause the microorganism to fix nitrogen (if the ocean water is missing nitrates), and the other missing nutrients, introducing algae, egg masses or other organisms and (3) harvesting the seafood that is produced by the fertilization. The testing may be carried out by any of a number of methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, in order to ascertain the nutrients that are missing to a significant extent from the water. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the production of seafood would be reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. The fertilization may be carried out using one or more fertilizers. If the ocean water is missing nitrates, then the fertilizers should comprise nitrogen fixing microorganisms, such as blue green algae and phytoplankton (Trichodesmium) which fix nitrogen in the open ocean, and sufficient nutrients to cause the microorganisms to fix nitrogen. Preferably, the microorganisms and nutrients that are required to cause the microorganisms to fix nitrogen, are localized (such as in the same particles of fertilizer) so the nutrients are immediately available to the microorganisms when they encounter the ocean water. The careful addition of iron may be the only nutrient required to cause blue green algae and phytoplankton (Trichodesmium) to bloom and fix nitrogen. The fertilizers should provide the other (non-nitrate) nutrients that are missing from the ocean water. Thus, depending on the results of the testing, the fertilizer may comprise iron, phosphates, nitrogen fixing microorganisms, and trace minerals, as well as other materials. The fertilizer is preferably attached to a float material such as rice hulls, wheat chaff, ground corn cobs, peanut hulls and/or another ecologically suitable float material. The fertilizer may also comprise a high molecular weight starch, which allows for the timed release of the fertilizer from the float. The harvesting of the seafood may be carried out at the point of application of the fertilizer, but at a later time, or when an ocean current is involved, the harvesting may be carried out at a point downstream from the point at which the fertilizer is applied.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0023] Ocean fertilization according to the present invention would greatly increase the productivity of seafood from the oceans. (The term "oceans" also includes seas, bays and other large bodies of water). For example, ocean fertilization along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States could increase the productivity off these coasts up to the level that occurs naturally off the coast of Peru. This could increase the productivity of seafood along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States by a factor of 30 or more, and thereby provide thousands of new jobs and revitalize a fishing industry that is in decline in some areas of the United States, while at the same time generating a high quality protein food for both domestic consumption and export. Ocean fertilization could also increase the fish catch off the coasts of other countries with the same benefits.|[0024] The ocean fertilization could take- place within national waters, thereby assuring that the benefits of the increased production of seafood would inure to the benefit of the fishing industry of the country that engages in the ocean fertilization. For example, all of the fertilization by the United States could take place within the 200 mile (about 323 kilometer) limit, so that essentially all of the impact would be within U.S. waters.|[0025] The basic parameter of ocean fertilization is that about 1 pound (about 0.45 kilogram) of fertilizer produces about 2 to 10 tons (about 1.8 to 9.1 metric tons) of biomass in the ocean. A conservative estimate would be that a ton (about 0.9 metric ton) would produce about 4,000 tons (about 3,600 metric tons) of biomass in the ocean.|[0026] The productivity per surface area should be higher in the fertilized ocean, as compared to on the fertilized land. Sugar cane cultivation currently produces about 40 tons per acre (about 36 metric tons per 0.4 hectare) per year. If the same rate of production is achieved in ocean fertilization, this would be about 25,600 tons per square mile (about 23,300 metric tons per 2.6 square kilometers) per year.|[0027] On the land, fertilization is almost always accompanied by planting. In the ocean, the fertilization according to the present invention may be combined with the introduction of algae, egg masses and other organisms, including juvenile fish from hatcheries, to further increase the production of seafood from the ocean.|[0028] On the land, the planting and fertilization are usually carried out in the spring, and the harvesting is usually carried out in the fall. In ocean farming, the amount of time between fertilization and harvesting depends on a number of factors. The delay time for algae to bloom after fertilization is about four days. Then plankton graze on the algae, the bait fish eat the plankton and on up the food chain to the large mammals and fish. Off the coasts of the United States, the most significant currents are the Gulf Stream and the Japanese current. Each of these flow at about 4 miles per hour (about 6.4 kilometers per hour). Thus, fertilization at one location of the ocean surface in either of these currents, will produce results for harvesting at another location downstream. A delay time of about four days would be about 400 miles (about 645 kilometers) at about 4 miles per hour (about 6.4 kilometers per hour). For the Gulf Stream, this means that fertilization off of Key West, Florida, would result in improved fishing off of north Florida, with the larger fish coming in off the coasts of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia. The improved fishing could continue for many miles of the Gulf Stream depending on how the fertilization was carried out.|[0029] Ocean fertilization could be carried out as far north as Massachusetts in the summer when the Gulf Stream often approaches the coast. In contrast, during the winter the Labrador current brings cold water with relatively high nutrient content down as far as New York and New Jersey. Under these winter conditions, the Gulf Stream tends to veer east towards Europe outside the 200 mile (323 kilometer) limit off the coast of Virginia.|[0030] Testing may determine that ocean fertilization in the Gulf Stream may be carried out even earlier, such as off the west coast of Florida, so that the algae bloom is already underway by the time the Gulf Stream rounds Key West, Florida. This would allow more time to harvest the larger fish off the East Coast of the United States before the Gulf Stream veers east out of the national waters of the United States.|[0031] In the Gulf Stream, the fertilizer is expected to consist primarily of iron with some phosphates and some nitrogen fixing microorganisms, in order to bring the nutrient content up to the level of the Peruvian upwelling. The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes. However, the result of ocean fertilization is almost certainly that algae will grow, and the rest will follow.|[0032] Ocean fertilization is effective only in the upper level of the ocean, and preferably in the top about 100 feet (about 30 meters) of the ocean. Therefore, the preferred method of ocean fertilization will hitch the fertilizer to a float, such as rice hulls, wheat chaffs, ground corn cobs, peanut hulls and so forth. The fertilizer will preferably be in the form that will dissolve in the surface water over a period of days, or perhaps as long as a week. Therefore, a preferred method of ocean fertilization will include a mixture of the fertilizer material with a high molecular weight starch, so as to produce a fertilizer that dissolves slowly in the ocean water. The initial method of ocean fertilization should be designed to bring the relevant portion of the ocean surface to the nutrient composition of the ocean surface in the Peruvian upwelling, because of the known production of seafood there. The method of ocean fertilization will preferably include additional testing and studies of the dynamics of seafood growth under the conditions of fertilization, so that further modifications and improvements in the composition of the fertilizer and the method of ocean fertilization can be achieved.|[0033] The ocean fertilization of about 53,000 square miles (about 140,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 1,340 million tons (about 1,220 million metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 250,000 tons (about 230,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer. This is about 1,000 tons (about 900 metric tons) per day for 250 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $200 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $50,000,000per year. The cost of ocean fertilization preferably also includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of ocean fertilization, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|[0034] The Detailed Description above is primarily aimed at the Gulf Stream because it flows near the largest centers of population of the United States and has an existing fishing industry. However, the present method of improved production of seafood is applicable to other areas well. Modifications of the method will be required depending on the location. For example, the present method of is applicable to the West Coast of the United States as well. The Japanese current receives natural fertilization from upwellings in the Bering Sea. This enhances the production of seafood all the way down to the coast of the State of Washington, but the production of seafood dwindles along the Oregon coast and is gone by the time the Japanese current reaches northern California. The Japanese current could be fertilized off of the coast of the State of Washington in order to increase the production of seafood off the Oregon coast and California coast. Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on the area of the ocean that is being fertilized.|[0035] The present method of ocean fertilization could utilize ships that would be at sea for about 120 days, and have the capacity to carry about 120,000 tons (about 110,000 metric tons) of fertilizer. The ships would be provided with pumps to mix the fertilizer with the seawater, and disperses the mixture into the ocean. Each ship could be provided with 3 pumps of 2,500 horsepower each, in order to spray a mixture of 90% seawater and 10% fertilizer over the stern. Each ship would need to have a capacity of about 600,000 Bbls (about 90,000 kiloliters), which is a medium size tanker.|[0036] The fertilization of the ocean will result in an algae bloom. The algae bloom will remove CO2 from the water and later from the air. The biomass will become part of the food chain eventually including large fish and whales. The animal life will oxidize the biomass and return the CO2 to the ocean and eventually to the air. Some of the biological material will descend to the ocean floor where it will be picked up by the bottom currents and eventually recycled into upwellings. The total carbon that becomes part of this cycle is removed from the ocean waters and atmosphere. In time, an equilibrium will be reached just like the climax forest, after which no net reduction of atmospheric CO2 will occur. The length of time for the ocean to reach this equilibrium is estimated to be many hundreds of years, but cannot be estimated with certainty. This means that a continuing ocean fertilization will remove net CO2 for a substantial period of time to come.|[0037] The production of 1,000 million tons (about 1,016 million metric tons) of algae (biomass) per year would produce about 50,000,000 tons (about 50,800,000 metric tons) of additional fish, if we get about 1 ton (about 1.1 metric ton) of useful fish for each 20 tons (about 20.3 metric tons) of algae. This is about 1 pound (about 0.45 kilogram) of additional fish per day for every man, woman and child in the United States, that would be achieved by using the present method of improved production of seafood in the Gulf Stream as discussed above. Thus, a highly nutritious source of food would be produced for both residents of the United States and other countries by using the present method of improved production of seafood in the Gulf Stream.|[0038] The fertilizer to be used in the present method of production of seafood will have a number of specifications, such as the rate of dissolution and a density less than water, as well as the required nutrient value and content of nitrogen fixing microorganisms. The least expensive source of raw materials that have the required chemical composition should suffice, because sea life seems able to process fertilizer regardless of the form or chemical combination. The fertilizer must not contain any toxic chemicals in a concentration that would harm the sea life, and must be free of pathogens that could be ingested by the consumers of the seafood. Thus, there are many waste streams that could be processed to produce a suitable fertilizer at a low cost, and at a significant addition to the effort to recycle waste.|[0039] The present method of improved production of seafood would have significant economic impact. The production of 50,000,000 tons (about 50,800,000 metric tons) per year of additional seafood along one coast of the United States would produce a $50,000,000,000per year industry if the value of the seafood averages $.50 per pound (0.45 kilograms). This would create one million new jobs for each coast, if there was one new job for each $50,000 in sales per year.|[0040] Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | Family Number|(1220367)|1220367|Advantages / Prev. Drawbacks|(EP-760597 B1)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(US5433173 A)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(US5535701 A)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(WO9529583 A1)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|Independent Claims|(US5433173 A)|9. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean, said fertilizer comprising a float material and at least one of the nutrients that is missing to a significant extent.|(US5535701 A)|10. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean, said fertilizer comprising a float material and at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen.|(WO9529583 A1)|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean, said fertilizer comprising at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen and at least one member selected from the group consisting of said nutrients.| | Other special machines | A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/20|A01K-061/80|A01K-079/00|Y02A-040/80|Y02A-040/81|Y02P-060/20 | A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/20|A01K-061/80|A01K-079/00|Y02A-040/80|Y02A-040/81|Y02P-060/20 | A01G-033/00|A01K-061/00 | A01G-033/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-063/04 | PCLO=119231000 | PCLO=119231000|PCLO=119231000 | 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SELF=N|CA-467369 3268027 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | US4137869; US4235043; US5143020; US4852519; US2181882; US4926795|JP06046884; JP54020424; JP04083528; JP02042924; JP02138556U|US2181882; US4137869; US4235043; US4852519; US4926795; US5143020|XP002030570; XP002030571; XP002030572; JP79015827; JP52069791; JP63050386; JP05292848; JP54015827; US4137869; US4235043; US5143020; US4852519; US2181882; US4926795|||US5143020; US4579579; US4235043|||US-976793; US2181882; US4137869; US4189379; US4235043; US4394846; US4579579; US4581846; US4755397; US4911952; US5143020; US5322035; US5342525; CA-467369; SU1199223|US-976793; US2181882; US4137869; US4189379; US4235043; US4579579; US4581846; US4755397; US4852519; US4911952; US4926975; US5143020; US5313911; SU1199223; US976793 | (EP0760597)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 18, no. 86 (C-1165), 14 February 1994 & JP 05 292848 A (IWABUCHI MASAAKI), 11 September 1993,|-PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 18, no. 86 (C - 1165) 14 February 1994 (1994-02-14)|-See also references of WO 9529583A1|-DATABASE WPI Week 7928, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 79-51970B, XP002030570|-DATABASE WPI Week 7730, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 77-52781Y, XP002030571|-DATABASE WPI Week 8815, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 88-101236, XP002030572||(US5535701)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-Testing the Iron Hypothesis in Ecosystems of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean , J. H. Martin et al., Nature , vol. 371, pp. 123 129 (Sep. 8, 1994).|-Elements of Dynamic Oceanography, D. Tolmazin, 1985, pp. 22 23.|-Introduction to Microbial Biotechnology Including Hazardous Waste Treatment by Howard E. Worne, published by The Hazardous Materials Control Resources Institute (1992). pp. 19, 46.|-Ocean Chemistry Iron Fertilization: A Tonic, but No Cure for the Greenhouse , Kerr, Richard A., Science , vol. 263, pp. 1089 1090 (Feb. 25, 1994).||(US5433173)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-Elements of Dynamic Oceanography, D. Tolmazin, 1985, pp. 22 23.|-Testing the Iron Hypothesis in Ecosystems of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean , J. H. Martin et al., Nature, vol. 371, pp. 123 129 (Sep. 8, 1994).||(WO95/29583)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-See also references of EP 0760597A4|||||||| | REVOKED | (EP0760597)|EXPIRED|(US5535701)|EXPIRED|(US5433173)|EXPIRED|(WO95/29583)|LAPSED|(JP3961563)|LAPSED|(CN1077398)|LAPSED|(ES2145274)|LAPSED|(AU695284)|EXPIRED|(NZ284279)|EXPIRED|(MX9605041)|LAPSED|(BR9507544)|REVOKED | DEAD | (EP0760597)|DEAD|(US5535701)|DEAD|(US5433173)|DEAD|(WO95/29583)|DEAD|(JP3961563)|DEAD|(CN1077398)|DEAD|(ES2145274)|DEAD|(AU695284)|DEAD|(NZ284279)|DEAD|(MX9605041)|DEAD|(BR9507544)|DEAD | (EP0760597)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP0760597|Actual or expected expiration date=2015-04-14|Legal state=DEAD|Status=EXPIRED|Event publication date=1995-04-14|Event code=EP/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=EP EP95916298|Application date=1995-04-14|Standardized application number=1995EP-0916298|Event publication date=1997-01-24|Event code=EP/PUAI|Event group=Administrative notifications|PUBLIC REFERENCE MADE UNDER ARTICLE 153(3) EPC TO A PUBLISHED INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION THAT HAS ENTERED THE EUROPEAN PHASE|Publication in section i.1 EP bulletin|Original code: 0009012|Event publication date=1997-03-12|Event code=EP/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published with search report|Publication country=EP|Publication number=EP0760597|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=1997-03-12|Standardized publication number=EP-760597|Event publication date=1997-03-12|Event code=EP/17P|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Request for examination filed|Pruefungsantrag gestellt|Effective date of the event=1996-11-25|Event publication date=1997-03-12|Event code=EP/AK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Designated states|Designated contracting states:|Benannte vertragsstaaten|Designated contracting states=ES FR GB|Event publication date=1997-07-16|Event code=EP/A4|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Supplementary search report|Ergaenzender recherchenbericht|Publication country=EP|Publication number=EP0760597|Publication stage code=A4|Publication date=1997-07-16|Standardized publication number=EP-760597|Event publication date=1997-07-16|Event code=EP/A4|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Administrative notifications|Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched|Effective date of the event=1997-05-28|Event publication date=1997-07-16|Event code=EP/AK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Designated states|Designated contracting states:|Benannte vertragsstaaten|Designated contracting states=ES FR GB|Event publication date=1997-10-15|Event code=EP/17Q|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|First examination report|Erster pruefungsbescheid|Effective date of the event=1997-09-03|Event publication date=1998-09-16|Event code=EP/GRAG|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|DESPATCH OF COMMUNICATION OF INTENTION TO GRANT|Communication of intention to grant|Original code: EPIDOS 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Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=1994-12-12|Event code=US/APE|Event group=Corrections|Preliminary amendments|Event publication date=1995-02-09|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=1995-03-16|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=1995-03-16|Event code=US/CTNFR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Non-Final Action|Event publication date=1995-03-31|Event code=US/NOAM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|Mail Notice of Allowance|Event publication date=1995-03-31|Event code=US/NOAV|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed|Event publication date=1995-04-21|Event code=US/ANA|Event group=Corrections OAI|Amendment after Notice of Allowance (Rule 312)|Event publication date=1995-05-02|Event code=US/N084|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Issue Fee Payment 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code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|CHANGE OF ADDRESS|Assignor:MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR.|Reel/frame:008178/0744|OWNER:MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR., VIRGINIA|Effective date of the event=1996-10-14|Event publication date=1998-12-31|Event code=US/FPAY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Fee payment recorded|Annual fees payment date=1998-12-31|Year of payment of annual fees=4|Event publication date=1999-10-26|Event code=US/NMFP|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Publication of First Notice of Maintenance Fees Payable.|Year of payment of annual fees=3|Event publication date=2002-07-30|Event code=US/NMFP|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Publication of First Notice of Maintenance Fees Payable.|Year of payment of annual fees=7|Event publication date=2002-12-30|Event code=US/FPAY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Fee 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indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=ES ES95916298|Application date=1995-04-14|Standardized application number=1995ES-0916298T|Event publication date=2000-07-01|Event code=ES/T3|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Translation of granted European patent (former B3)|Publication country=ES|Publication number=ES2145274|Publication stage code=T3|Publication date=2000-07-01|Standardized publication number=ES2145274|Event publication date=2000-07-01|Event code=ES/FG2A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Definitive protection|Proteccion definitiva|Event publication date=2012-05-24|Event code=ES/REG|Event code=ES/FD2A|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Reference to a national code|Announcement of lapse in spain|Ep-patente caducidades|Effective date of the event=2012-05-24|(AU695284)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR AU695284|Actual or expected expiration date=2015-04-14|Legal state=DEAD|Status=EXPIRED|Event publication date=1995-04-14|Event code=AU/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=AU AU2284395|Application date=1995-04-14|Standardized application number=1995AU-0022843|Event publication date=1995-11-29|Event code=AU/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Open to public inspection|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU2284395|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=1995-11-29|Standardized publication number=AU9522843|Event publication date=1998-08-13|Event code=AU/B2|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patent preceeded by A1|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU695284|Publication stage code=B2|Publication date=1998-08-13|Standardized publication number=AU-695284|Event publication date=2015-04-14|Event code=AU/EEDX|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent has expired|(NZ284279)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR NZ284279|Actual or expected expiration date=2015-04-14|Legal state=DEAD|Status=EXPIRED|Event publication date=1995-04-14|Event code=NZ/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=NZ NZ28427995|Application date=1995-04-14|Standardized application number=1995NZ-0284279|Event publication date=1998-09-24|Event code=NZ/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=NZ|Publication number=NZ284279|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=1998-09-24|Standardized publication number=NZ-284279|Event publication date=2002-04-26|Event code=NZ/RENW|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Renewal (renewal fees accepted)|Event publication date=2005-04-29|Event code=NZ/RENW|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Renewal (renewal fees accepted)|Event publication date=2008-04-30|Event code=NZ/RENW|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Renewal (renewal fees accepted)|Event publication date=2015-04-24|Event code=NZ/EXPY|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent expired|(MX9605041)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR MX9605041|Actual or expected expiration date=2015-04-14|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=1995-04-14|Event code=MX/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=MX MX9605041|Application date=1995-04-14|Standardized application number=1996MX-PA05041|Event publication date=1998-05-31|Event code=MX/A|Event group=Examination events|Patent application|Publication country=MX|Publication number=MX9605041|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=1998-05-31|Standardized publication number=MX9605041|Event publication date=2015-04-14|Event code=MX/EEDP|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Administrative Expiration of the application's term right|(BR9507544)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR BR9507544|Actual or expected expiration date=2003-08-05|Legal state=DEAD|Status=REVOKED|Event publication date=1995-04-14|Event code=BR/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=BR BR9507544|Application date=1995-04-14|Standardized application number=1995BR-0007544|Event publication date=1997-08-05|Event code=BR/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=BR|Publication number=BR9507544|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=1997-08-05|Standardized publication number=BR9507544|Event publication date=2002-10-29|Event code=BR/EG|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion)|Ciencia de parecer: conhecimento de parecer tecnico|Event publication date=2003-08-05|Event code=BR/FC|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Decision: refusal|Decisao: indeferimento | (EP0760597)|Contracting States: GB, FR, ES|(WO95/29583)|EPO: DE, BE, PT, CH, DK, LU, GR, IT, FR, ES, SE, AT, MC, GB, IE, NL|(WO95/29583)|National States: BR, AU, JP, VN, CN, MX, NZ | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=dvXuJc2Yed1NOaW6b9nj2WkyFX8ClgOuNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://register.epo.org/application?number=EP95916298 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=DZwaeW1QcXvdGqGyRhNS9XfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO95/29583)|US | (WO95/29583)|NAME=MARKELS, Michael, Jr. [US / US] Versar, Inc. 6850 Versar Center P.O. Box 1549 Springfield, VA 22151 , COUNTRY=US | (EP0760597)|GB|(EP0760597)|GB|(EP0760597)|GB|||(WO95/29583)|US|| | (EP0760597)|NAME=Calamita, Roberto;Frank B. Dehn & Co., European Patent Attorneys, 179 Queen Victoria Street , CITY=London EC4V 4EL , COUNTRY=GB , REG=00069571|(EP0760597)|NAME=Calamita, Roberto Frank B. Dehn & Co., European Patent Attorneys, 179 Queen Victoria Street , CITY=London EC4V 4EL , COUNTRY=GB|(EP0760597)|NAME=Calamita, Roberto Frank B. Dehn & Co., European Patent Attorneys, 179 Queen Victoria Street , CITY=London EC4V 4EL , COUNTRY=GB|(US5535701)|NAME=Bacon & Thomas|(US5433173)|NAME=Bacon & Thomas|(WO95/29583)|NAME=MOORE, Thomas, J. etc. Bacon & Thomas 4th floor 625 Slaters Lane Alexandria, VA 22314 , COUNTRY=US|(CN1077398)|NAME=ZHONG SHOUQI;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001NAME=WU DAJIAN;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001|(CN1147192)|NAME=ZHONG SHOUQI;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001NAME=WU DAJIAN;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001 | (EP0760597)|US|(EP0760597)|US|(EP0760597)|US|(US5535701)|US|(US5433173)|US|(WO95/29583)|US||||||||| | (EP0760597)|NAME=Markels, Michael Jr. Versar, Inc., 6850 Versar Center, P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, VA 22151, COUNTRY=US|(EP0760597)|NAME=Markels, Michael Jr. Versar, Inc., 6850 Versar Center, P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, VA 22151, COUNTRY=US|(EP0760597)|NAME=Markels, Michael Jr. Versar, Inc., 6850 Versar Center, P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, VA 22151, COUNTRY=US|(US5535701)|NAME=Markels, Jr. Michael 1816 Drury La., CITY=Alexandria, POSTCODE=22307, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(US5433173)|NAME=Markles, Jr. Michael 1816 Drury La., CITY=Alexandria, POSTCODE=22307, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(WO95/29583)|NAME=MARKELS, Michael, Jr. [US / US] Versar, Inc. 6850 Versar Center P.O. Box 1549 Springfield, VA 22151, COUNTRY=US|(JP3961563)|NAME=Markels Junior, Michael|(CN1077398)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(CN1147192)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS|NAME=JR|(ES2145274)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(AU695284)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(AU2284395)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(NZ284279)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL|(MX9605041)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS, JR.|(BR9507544)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR. | Titre: (EP0760597)|Method of increasing seafood production in the ocean Résumé: (EP0760597)|A method of increasing seafood production in the oceans comprises (1) testing the water at the surface of the ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, (2) applying to the ocean water a fertilizer that comprises a microorganism that fixes nitrogen and sufficient nutrients to cause the microorganism to fix nitrogen (if the ocean water is missing nitrates), and the other missing nutrients, and (3) harvesting the increased production of seafood that results from the fertilization. | 4.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on increasing seafood production through fertilization, which does not relate to carbon sequestration or phytoplankton growth for climate objectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | US17/658,794|US18/056,031 | US18/056,031|US17/658,794 | US11874720|US20230324975|US11531387 | 103004159 | US11874720 B2 2024-01-16 [US11874720]|US20230324975 A1 2023-10-12 [US20230324975]|US11531387 B1 2022-12-20 [US11531387] | 2022-04-11|2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16|2022-04-11 | 2024-01-16|2023-10-12|2022-12-20 | (US11874720)|2024-01-16|(US11531387)|2022-12-20 | (US11874720)|2042-04-11|(US11531387)|2042-04-11 | (US11874720)|Methods and systems for real time carbon emission determination incurred by execution of computer processes and the offset thereof | (US11874720)|Methods and systems are configured for real time determination of effects incurred by execution of computer processes of networked computer systems and the generation of offsets thereof. A prediction module may be configured to predict the amount of energy utilized by the execution of computer processes by networked computer systems and predict an associated carbon footprint. Methods and systems are configured to determine a selection of offsets and initiate the same via a network communication to remote computer systems. | PLEDGELING TECHNOLOGIES|PLEDGELING TECHNOLOGY | (US11874720)|Pledgeling Technologies, Inc. ([US])|(US20230324975)|Pledgeling Technologies, Inc. ([US])|(US11531387)|Pledgeling Technologies, Inc. ([US]) | CITRON JAMES F|YORKE GREGORY C|FORSYTH PAUL|MENG ANNIE|SUNG ALEX S|NORDSTROM ANNA N | (US11874720)|Citron James F.|Yorke Gregory C.|Forsyth Paul|Meng Annie|Sung Alex S.|Nordstrom Anna N.|(US20230324975)|Citron James F.|Yorke Gregory C.|Forsyth Paul|Meng Annie|Sung Alex S.|Nordstrom Anna N. | (US11874720)|Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear LLP|(US11531387)|Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear LLP | (US11874720)|Thus, it is desirable to mitigate the effects of token minting on the environment.|Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, "can," "may," "might," "may," "e.g.," and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps.|However, transactions involving such tokens consume enormous amounts of energy, often obtained from the burning fossil fuels.|However, transactions involving such tokens consume enormous amounts of energy, often obtained from the burning of fossil fuels.| | (US11874720)|1. A networked computer system, comprising: a network interface; at least one processing device operable to: receive via the network interface a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; predict energy utilization associated with execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems to implement the first transfer of resources from the first source via multicomputer data transfers, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database; enable a set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to a predicted emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in performing the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems to be determined, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of an organism, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiate the determined set of one or more emission offsets, corresponding to the predicted emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in performing the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems, by transmitting an instruction to at least one remote networked computer system to implement at least a portion of the determined set of one or more emission offsets.|8. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising: receiving via over a network a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; predicting, using one or more computer systems, an emission amount related to an energy utilization associated with an execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems, wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database; using one or more computer systems to enable an identification of a set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to a predicted emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in performing the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems to be determined, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of an organism, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiating the determined set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the predicted emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in performing the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems, by transmitting an instruction to at least one remote networked computer system to implement at least a portion of the determined set of one or more emission offsets.|15. Non-transitory computer readable medium that stores computer instructions that when executed by a computing device cause the computing device to perform operations comprising: receive a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; estimate an emission amount related to an energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems, wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination; enable a determination of a set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the estimated emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of trees and/or other plants, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiate the determined set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the estimated emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems by transmitting an instruction to at least one destination to implement at least a portion of the determined set of one or more emission offsets.| | (US11874720)|An aspect of the disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus configured to perform the prediction, optionally in real time, of carbon emissions (e.g., the emission of carbon dioxide gas) associated with computer operations.|An aspect of the present disclosure relates to electrical computers, digital processing systems and multicomputer data transfers. An aspect of the present disclosure relates to methods and systems configured to determine, optionally in real time, effects incurred by execution of computer processes of networked computer systems and the generation of offsets thereof.|The present disclosure generally relates to carbon-based energy usage resulting from computer operations and a reduction of the effects of such carbon-based energy usage.| | (US11874720)|VALIDATED DATA(100,4)|EMISSION OFFSET(85,3)|NONCE(83,6)|ASSET(80,2)|HASH ALGORITHM(60,2)|TOKEN TRANSFER(60,1)|NETWORK COMMUNICATION(57,1)|ENERGY UTILIZATION(54,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTION(51,5)|SUBSURFACE SALINE AQUIFER(44,2)|GOVERNMENT ISSUED CURRENCY(42,4)|DATA BLOCK(42,3)|GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION(36,10)|HASH VALUE(35,7)|GOVERNMENT CURRENCY(34,3)|INTER COMPUTER COMMUNICATION(28,3)|DONATION RECIPIENT(28,2)|REMOTE COMPUTER(28,1)|HISTORICAL TOKEN PROVISION HISTORY(25,1)|PREDICTED EMISSION(24,2)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION MITIGATION(22,4)|CRYPTOCURRENCY PREFERENCE(22,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY TOKEN(22,1)|CRYPTOGRAPHIC PUZZLE(22,1)|INDIVIDUALLY SELECTABLE ICON(22,1)|LEARNING ENGINE TRAINING(22,1)|MINING CRYPTOCURRENCY(22,1)|NONGOVERNMENTAL ENTITY(22,1)|DISTRIBUTED NETWORKED COMPUTER SYSTEM(20,1)|DONATED TOKEN(20,1)|FAVORITE RECIPIENT(20,1)|HISTORICAL RECIPIENT(20,1)|METHANE DIGESTER(20,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(20,1)|STAKE VALIDATION(20,1)|TOKEN DONATION(20,1)|TOKEN PROVISION INITIATION(20,1)|TOKEN RECIPIENT(20,1)|VERIFYING FUND(20,1)|NETWORK FEE(18,2)|EMISSION OFFSET DATA(17,4)|CO2 EMISSION(17,1)|FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION(17,1)|INFORMED DECISION(17,1)|MARKET PARTICIPANT(17,1)|MINING TOKEN(17,1)|NETWORKED WATCH(17,1)|OFFSET IMPLEMENTER(17,1)|PREDICTED GREENHOUSE EMISSION(17,1)|RECIPIENT HISTORY(17,1)|CLOUD COMPUTER SYSTEM(16,2)|EMISSION FACTOR(16,2)|OFFSET HISTORY(16,2)|WORK VALIDATION(16,2)|BIOENERGY(14,3)|INTERFACE MODULE(14,2)|ARTIFICIAL EXTRACTION(14,1)|COMPUTATIONAL ENGINE(14,1)|CONSUMING DATED EQUIPMENT(14,1)|CONVERTING TOKEN(14,1)|GREEN ELECTRICITY PURCHASE(14,1)|GREENHOUSE EMISSION OFFSET(14,1)|OFFSET PORTFOLIO(14,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATE(14,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(14,1)|SPECIALIZED COMPUTING EQUIPMENT(14,1)|TARGET HASH(14,1)|COMPUTER PROGRAM INSTRUCTION(12,2)|PEAT BOG(12,2)|TOKEN TRANSACTION(12,2)|EMAIL ADDRESS(11,4)|CHARITY(11,1)|COMPUTER INSTRUCTION(11,1)|COMPUTING CORE(11,1)|COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT(11,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY WALLET(11,1)|CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH(11,1)|DSP CORE(11,1)|ELECTRICITY EMISSION FACTOR(11,1)|FUNDING(11,1)|HOSTED STORAGE ENVIRONMENT(11,1)|MENU SELECTION(11,1)|MESSAGING SERVICE ADDRESS(11,1)|MINER(11,1)|PREDICTED CARBON(11,1)|SYNCHRONIZED DISTRIBUTED DATABASE(11,1)|TRADEMARK OFFICE(11,1)|TRANSISTOR LOGIC(11,1)|UNDERGROUND STORAGE FACILITY(11,1)|USER PRIVACY(11,1)|ASIC(10,2)|FPGA(10,2)|LOCAL CURRENCY(9,3)|COMPUTER OPERATION(8,9)|ADMINISTRATION(8,1)|AGRICULTURE(8,1)|ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(8,1)|CARBON OFFSET PROJECT(8,1)|CERS(8,1)|CERTIFICATION(8,1)|CHECKBOX(8,1)|CLASSIFICATION(8,1)|CLIMATE DAMAGING CARBON EMISSION(8,1)|COIN(8,1)|COMPUTER OFFSET(8,1)|CONNECTIVITY(8,1)|CORRELATION(8,1)|CRYPTO TOKEN(8,1)|DEVELOPING COUNTRY(8,1)|DISCRETE GATE(8,1)|DISCRETE HARDWARE COMPONENT(8,1)|DROP DOWN MENU(8,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION PREDICTION(8,1)|ENERGY INTENSIVE(8,1)|EQUIVALENCY(8,1)|ESTIMATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION(8,1)|GAME CONSOLE(8,1)|GIVEN CRYPTOCURRENCY(8,1)||(US20230324975)|OFFSET(100,50)|NETWORKED COMPUTER SYSTEM(100,32)|COMPUTING DEVICE(100,5)|CARBON EMISSION(100,4)|PREDICTED EMISSION FOOTPRINT(100,4)|COMPUTER INSTRUCTION(100,3)|COMPUTER PROCESS EXECUTION(100,3)|COMPUTING DEVICE CAUSE(100,2)|REALTIME CARBON EMISSION(100,1)|SUBSURFACE SALINE AQUIFER(82,6)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(61,5)|ENERGY UTILIZATION(58,24)|ORGANISM PLANTING(56,2)|EMISSION OFFSET(48,16)|ESTIMATED EMISSION(46,2)|DATA VALIDATION(27,6)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(26,1)|MULTICOMPUTER DATA TRANSFER(25,4)|LIQUID SOLVENT(25,3)|BIOENERGY(24,8)|PEAT BOG(24,6)|DISTRIBUTED NETWORKED COMPUTER SYSTEM(23,22)|NONCE(23,8)|TOKEN TRANSFER(23,3)|CONDITIONAL LANGUAGE(23,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(22,19)|ASSET(22,3)|TOKEN(19,32)|ENERGY UTILIZATION PREDICTION(18,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(17,2)|HASH ALGORITHM(16,3)|PREDICTION MODULE(16,2)|CARBON ENERGY USAGE(15,2)|TRANSACTION(14,19)|DATABASE(14,10)|GOVERNMENT ISSUED CURRENCY(14,9)|DATA BLOCK(13,9)|INTERCOMPUTER COMMUNICATION(12,5)|ENERGY USAGE(10,2)|NETWORK COMMUNICATION(10,2)|NONPROFIT CHARITABLE ENTITY(10,2)|COMPUTER OPERATION(9,47)|FUNGIBLE TOKEN UTILIZATION(9,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE GAS(9,1)|GREENHOUSE EMISSION PREDICTION(8,5)|MITIGATION MODULE(8,5)|TOKEN DONATION(8,4)|HISTORICAL TOKEN PROVISION HISTORY(8,2)|NETWORK INTERFACE(7,11)|MINING PROFITABILITY(7,2)|INFERRED CRYPTOCURRENCY PREFERENCE(7,1)|MINTED TOKEN RECEIPT(7,1)|ONLINE CRYPTOCURRENCY PLATFORM(7,1)|DATA BLOCK HASH VALUE(6,3)|EMANATION PREDICTION(6,3)|DISJUNCTIVE LANGUAGE(6,2)|DONATION RECIPIENT(6,2)|RECIPIENT WEBSITE(6,2)|TOKEN PROVISION INITIATION(6,2)|TOKEN RECIPIENT(6,2)|CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTION CONTEXT(6,1)|CURRENCY OWNER STAKE(6,1)|DIGITAL PROCESSING(6,1)|STAKE VALIDATION PROOF(6,1)|OFFSET HISTORY(5,4)|CLOUD COMPUTER SYSTEM(5,3)|GREEN FUNDING(5,2)|MINING TOKEN(5,2)|RECIPIENT HISTORY(5,2)|REMOTE COMPUTER(5,2)|BLOCKCHAIN TRANSACTION(5,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY MINER(5,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY VALIDATION(5,1)|CRYPTOGRAPHIC PUZZLE(5,1)|ELECTRICAL COMPUTER(5,1)|EMISSION FOOTPRINT ESTIMATE(5,1)|LEARNING ENGINE TRAINING(5,1)|MARKET PARTICIPANT LIKELIHOOD(5,1)|NONGOVERNMENTAL ENTITY(5,1)|EMISSION OFFSET DATA(4,6)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(4,5)|DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYNCHRONIZATION(4,3)|CONVERTING TOKEN(4,2)|GREENHOUSE EMISSION OFFSET(4,2)|NETWORK FEE(4,2)|OFFSET PORTFOLIO(4,2)|CERTIFICATION PLATFORM(4,1)|COMPUTER HOST ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|FAVORITE RECIPIENT(4,1)|HISTORICAL RECIPIENT(4,1)|INFERRED OFFSET PREFERENCE(4,1)|PREDICTED GREENHOUSE GASSES(4,1)|TOKEN MINING(4,1)|UPLIFTING ADMINISTRATION(4,1)|STORAGE MEDIUM(3,6)|TEXT MESSAGING(3,4)|CRYPTO MINING(3,3)|TOUCHSCREEN(3,3)|AVERAGE EMISSION FACTOR(3,2)|CHARITY(3,2)|COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT(3,2)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION MITIGATION(3,2)|INTERFACE MODULE(3,2)|UNDERGROUND STORAGE FACILITY(3,2)|AMERICAN HOME(3,1)|ARTIFICIAL RESERVOIR(3,1)|BLOCK CHAIN LEDGER DECENTRALIZATION(3,1)|CARBON ARTIFICIAL EXTRACTION(3,1)|CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|CO2 EQUIVALENT TON(3,1)|COMPLEX CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH(3,1)|COMPUTATIONAL ENGINE(3,1)|CONVERT TOKEN(3,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY CONVERSION(3,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING NATURE(3,1)|DATING EQUIPMENT CONSUMPTION(3,1)|DECISION INFORMATION(3,1)|DOCUMENT DOWNLOADING(3,1)|EMISSION ESTIMATE(3,1)|ENERGY UTILIZATION ESTIMATE(3,1)|FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION(3,1)|FORESTRY STOCK(3,1)|GIVEN CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTION(3,1)|GREEN ELECTRICITY PURCHASE(3,1)|GREENHOUSE EMISSION TON(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES OFFSET(3,1)|GREENHOUSE PREDICTION COMPONENT(3,1)|IMPLEMENTATION DECISION(3,1)|INVENTORY CARBON ACCOUNTING MODEL(3,1)|NATURAL RESERVOIR(3,1)|NETWORKED WATCH(3,1)|NOSQL DATABASE(3,1)|OFFSET IMPLEMENTER(3,1)|RECIPIENT PREFERENCE(3,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATE(3,1)|SLOW NONTRANSITORY STORAGE(3,1)|SPECIALIZED COMPUTER EQUIPMENT(3,1)|TARGET HASH(3,1)|TECHNICAL CHALLENGE(3,1)|TRANSACTION ID(3,1)|UN CLIMATE NEUTRAL(3,1)|UNITED NATIONS CLIMATE NEUTRAL(3,1)|UNITED STATES DOLLAR TRANSACTION(3,1)|USER PRIVACY ENHANCEMENT(3,1)|USER RECIPIENT DESIGNATION(3,1)|WORK VALIDATION PROOF(3,1)|EMAIL ADDRESS(2,5)|GIVEN OFFSET(2,4)|LOCAL CURRENCY(2,4)|NON FUNGIBLE TOKEN(2,4)|CARBON SEQUESTERING(2,3)|GENERAL LEDGER DISTRIBUTION(2,3)|KEYBOARD(2,3)|MOUSE(2,3)|SMS(2,3)|USER INPUT(2,3)|USER PREFERENCE(2,3)|CARBON OFFSET PROJECT(2,2)|COMPUTER PROGRAM INSTRUCTION(2,2)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION(2,2)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION PREDICTION(2,2)|HISTORICAL DATA(2,2)|HYDRO ELECTRIC GENERATOR(2,2)|LOGICAL BLOCK(2,2)|NONPROFIT ENTITY(2,2)|PREDICTED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION(2,2)|RELATIONAL DATABASE(2,2)|REWARD(2,2)|SERVER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(2,2)|SPONSOR(2,2)|STRIPPER(2,2)|TOKEN TRANSACTION(2,2)|WEBPAGE(2,2)|CARBON FOOTPRINT ESTIMATION(2,1)|CARBON PREDICTION ESTIMATE(2,1)|COMMUNICATION BUS(2,1)|COMMUNICATION INSTRUCTION(2,1)|COMPUTER GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION(2,1)|CORE COMPUTING(2,1)|CRYPTOCOIN(2,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY WALLET(2,1)|EEPROM MEMORY(2,1)|ELECTRICITY EMISSION FACTOR(2,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX(2,1)|EMISSION PERMANENT REDUCTION(2,1)|GREENHOUSE OFFSET COMPONENT(2,1)|HOST STORAGE ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|MENU SELECTION(2,1)|MESSAGING SERVICE ADDRESS(2,1)|NET REDUCTION(2,1)|NONPOLLUTING(2,1)|NONVOLATILE MEMORY(2,1)|PREDICTED CARBON(2,1)|TOKEN QUANTITY USER(2,1)|TRADEMARK OFFICE(2,1)|TRANSISTOR LOGIC(2,1)|USER DONATION(2,1)|USER LOCAL GOVERNMENT CURRENCY(2,1)|WEB SERVER(2,1)|REALTIME(1,4)|AGRICULTURE(1,1)|ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(1,1)|BINANCE(1,1)|BROWSER(1,1)|CARBINE(1,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(1,1)|CARBON OFFSET VERIFICATION(1,1)|CLASSIFICATION(1,1)|CLIMATE DAMAGING CARBON EMISSION(1,1)|COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCE(1,1)|COMPUTER OFFSET(1,1)|CONNECTIVITY(1,1)|CONSTANT REDUCTION(1,1)|CORRELATION(1,1)|CRYPTO TOKEN(1,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTION GIVEN PROCESSING(1,1)|DATABASE QUERY(1,1)|DEVELOPING COUNTRY(1,1)|DIGITAL CURRENCY DOUBLE SPENDING(1,1)|DISCRETE GATE(1,1)|DISCRETE HARDWARE COMPONENT(1,1)|DOGECOIN(1,1)|ELECTRICAL CIRCUITRY(1,1)|ENERGY ESTIMATION(1,1)|EQUIVALENCY(1,1)|ESTIMATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION(1,1)|GAME CONSOLE(1,1)|GESTURE(1,1)|GRAPHIC PROCESSING(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS OFFSET(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS RESERVOIR(1,1)|GUI COMPONENT(1,1)|HEAD WEARABLE DISPLAY(1,1)|INTERACTIVE TELEVISION(1,1)|INTRANET(1,1)|METHANE DIGESTER NUMBER(1,1)||(US11531387)|OFFSET(100,51)|NETWORKED COMPUTER SYSTEM(100,33)|COMPUTING DEVICE(100,5)|CARBON EMISSION(100,4)|PREDICTED EMISSION FOOTPRINT(100,4)|COMPUTER INSTRUCTION(100,3)|COMPUTER PROCESS EXECUTION(100,3)|COMPUTING DEVICE CAUSE(100,2)|REALTIME CARBON EMISSION(100,1)|ENERGY UTILIZATION(58,24)|EMISSION OFFSET(48,16)|ESTIMATED EMISSION(46,2)|ORGANISM PLANTING(40,3)|DATA VALIDATION(27,6)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(26,1)|MULTICOMPUTER DATA TRANSFER(25,4)|DISTRIBUTED NETWORKED COMPUTER SYSTEM(23,22)|NONCE(23,8)|TOKEN TRANSFER(23,3)|CONDITIONAL LANGUAGE(23,2)|ASSET(22,3)|TOKEN(19,32)|ENERGY UTILIZATION PREDICTION(18,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(17,2)|DATABASE(16,10)|HASH ALGORITHM(16,3)|PREDICTION MODULE(16,2)|CARBON ENERGY USAGE(15,2)|TRANSACTION(14,20)|DATA BLOCK(14,9)|GOVERNMENT ISSUED CURRENCY(14,9)|INTERCOMPUTER COMMUNICATION(12,5)|SUBSURFACE SALINE AQUIFER(12,3)|ENERGY USAGE(10,2)|NETWORK COMMUNICATION(10,2)|NONPROFIT CHARITABLE ENTITY(10,2)|COMPUTER OPERATION(9,48)|FUNGIBLE TOKEN UTILIZATION(9,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE GAS(9,1)|GREENHOUSE EMISSION PREDICTION(8,5)|MITIGATION MODULE(8,5)|TOKEN DONATION(8,4)|HISTORICAL TOKEN PROVISION HISTORY(8,2)|NETWORK INTERFACE(7,11)|MINING PROFITABILITY(7,2)|INFERRED CRYPTOCURRENCY PREFERENCE(7,1)|MINTED TOKEN RECEIPT(7,1)|ONLINE CRYPTOCURRENCY PLATFORM(7,1)|DATA BLOCK HASH VALUE(6,3)|EMANATION PREDICTION(6,3)|DISJUNCTIVE LANGUAGE(6,2)|DONATION RECIPIENT(6,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(6,2)|RECIPIENT WEBSITE(6,2)|TOKEN PROVISION INITIATION(6,2)|TOKEN RECIPIENT(6,2)|CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTION CONTEXT(6,1)|CURRENCY OWNER STAKE(6,1)|DIGITAL PROCESSING(6,1)|STAKE VALIDATION PROOF(6,1)|CLOUD COMPUTER SYSTEM(5,4)|OFFSET HISTORY(5,4)|GREEN FUNDING(5,2)|MINING TOKEN(5,2)|RECIPIENT HISTORY(5,2)|REMOTE COMPUTER(5,2)|WORK VALIDATION PROOF(5,2)|BLOCKCHAIN TRANSACTION(5,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY MINER(5,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY TOKEN(5,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY VALIDATION(5,1)|CRYPTOGRAPHIC PUZZLE(5,1)|ELECTRICAL COMPUTER(5,1)|EMISSION FOOTPRINT ESTIMATE(5,1)|LEARNING ENGINE TRAINING(5,1)|MARKET PARTICIPANT LIKELIHOOD(5,1)|MINING CRYPTOCURRENCY(5,1)|NONGOVERNMENTAL ENTITY(5,1)|SELECTABLE ICON(5,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(4,12)|EMISSION OFFSET DATA(4,6)|BIOENERGY(4,5)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(4,5)|DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYNCHRONIZATION(4,3)|CONVERTING TOKEN(4,2)|GREENHOUSE EMISSION OFFSET(4,2)|NETWORK FEE(4,2)|OFFSET PORTFOLIO(4,2)|CERTIFICATION PLATFORM(4,1)|COMPUTER HOST ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|FAVORITE RECIPIENT(4,1)|HISTORICAL RECIPIENT(4,1)|INFERRED OFFSET PREFERENCE(4,1)|PREDICTED GREENHOUSE GASSES(4,1)|TOKEN MINING(4,1)|STORAGE MEDIUM(3,6)|TEXT MESSAGING(3,4)|CRYPTO MINING(3,3)|PEAT BOG(3,3)|TOUCHSCREEN(3,3)|AVERAGE EMISSION FACTOR(3,2)|CHARITY(3,2)|COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT(3,2)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION MITIGATION(3,2)|INTERFACE MODULE(3,2)|MENU SELECTION(3,2)|UNDERGROUND STORAGE FACILITY(3,2)|AMERICAN HOME(3,1)|ARTIFICIAL RESERVOIR(3,1)|BLOCK CHAIN LEDGER DECENTRALIZATION(3,1)|CARBON ARTIFICIAL EXTRACTION(3,1)|CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|CO2 EQUIVALENT TON(3,1)|COMPLEX CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH(3,1)|COMPUTATIONAL ENGINE(3,1)|CONVERT TOKEN(3,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY CONVERSION(3,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING NATURE(3,1)|DATING EQUIPMENT CONSUMPTION(3,1)|DECISION INFORMATION(3,1)|DOCUMENT DOWNLOADING(3,1)|EMISSION ESTIMATE(3,1)|ENERGY UTILIZATION ESTIMATE(3,1)|FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION(3,1)|FORESTRY STOCK(3,1)|GIVEN CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTION(3,1)|GREEN ELECTRICITY PURCHASE(3,1)|GREENHOUSE EMISSION TON(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES OFFSET(3,1)|GREENHOUSE PREDICTION COMPONENT(3,1)|IMPLEMENTATION DECISION(3,1)|INVENTORY CARBON ACCOUNTING MODEL(3,1)|NATURAL RESERVOIR(3,1)|NETWORKED WATCH(3,1)|NOSQL DATABASE(3,1)|OFFSET IMPLEMENTER(3,1)|RECIPIENT PREFERENCE(3,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATE(3,1)|SLOW NONTRANSITORY STORAGE(3,1)|SPECIALIZED COMPUTER EQUIPMENT(3,1)|TARGET HASH(3,1)|TECHNICAL CHALLENGE(3,1)|TRANSACTION ID(3,1)|UN CLIMATE NEUTRAL(3,1)|UNITED NATIONS CLIMATE NEUTRAL(3,1)|UNITED STATES DOLLAR TRANSACTION(3,1)|USER PRIVACY ENHANCEMENT(3,1)|USER RECIPIENT DESIGNATION(3,1)|EMAIL ADDRESS(2,5)|GIVEN OFFSET(2,4)|LOCAL CURRENCY(2,4)|NON FUNGIBLE TOKEN(2,4)|USER INPUT(2,4)|CARBON SEQUESTERING(2,3)|GENERAL LEDGER DISTRIBUTION(2,3)|KEYBOARD(2,3)|MOUSE(2,3)|SMS(2,3)|USER PREFERENCE(2,3)|CARBON OFFSET PROJECT(2,2)|COMPUTER PROGRAM INSTRUCTION(2,2)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION(2,2)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION PREDICTION(2,2)|HISTORICAL DATA(2,2)|HYDRO ELECTRIC GENERATOR(2,2)|LOGICAL BLOCK(2,2)|NONPROFIT ENTITY(2,2)|PREDICTED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION(2,2)|RELATIONAL DATABASE(2,2)|REWARD(2,2)|SERVER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(2,2)|SPONSOR(2,2)|STRIPPER(2,2)|TOKEN TRANSACTION(2,2)|WEBPAGE(2,2)|CARBON FOOTPRINT ESTIMATION(2,1)|CARBON PREDICTION ESTIMATE(2,1)|COMMUNICATION BUS(2,1)|COMMUNICATION INSTRUCTION(2,1)|COMPUTER GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION(2,1)|CORE COMPUTING(2,1)|CRYPTOCOIN(2,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY WALLET(2,1)|EEPROM MEMORY(2,1)|ELECTRICITY EMISSION FACTOR(2,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX(2,1)|EMISSION PERMANENT REDUCTION(2,1)|GREENHOUSE OFFSET COMPONENT(2,1)|GROUND BIOMASS(2,1)|HOST STORAGE ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|MESSAGING SERVICE ADDRESS(2,1)|NET REDUCTION(2,1)|NONPOLLUTING(2,1)|NONVOLATILE MEMORY(2,1)|PHYSICAL COMPUTING RESOURCE COMPRESSION(2,1)|PREDICTED CARBON(2,1)|TOKEN QUANTITY USER(2,1)|TRADEMARK OFFICE(2,1)|TRANSISTOR LOGIC(2,1)|USER DONATION(2,1)|USER LOCAL GOVERNMENT CURRENCY(2,1)|WEB SERVER(2,1)|REALTIME(1,4)|AGRICULTURE(1,1)|ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(1,1)|BINANCE(1,1)|BROWSER(1,1)|CARBINE(1,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(1,1)|CARBON OFFSET VERIFICATION(1,1)|CHECKBOX(1,1)|CLASSIFICATION(1,1)|CLIMATE DAMAGING CARBON EMISSION(1,1)|COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCE(1,1)|COMPUTER OFFSET(1,1)|CONNECTIVITY(1,1)|CONSTANT REDUCTION(1,1)|CORRELATION(1,1)|CRYPTO TOKEN(1,1)|CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTION GIVEN PROCESSING(1,1)|DATABASE QUERY(1,1)|DEVELOPING COUNTRY(1,1)|DIGITAL CURRENCY DOUBLE SPENDING(1,1)|DISCRETE GATE(1,1)|DISCRETE HARDWARE COMPONENT(1,1)|DOGECOIN(1,1)|DROP DOWN MENU(1,1)|ECOSYSTEM(1,1)|ELECTRICAL CIRCUITRY(1,1)|ENERGY ESTIMATION(1,1)|ENERGY INTENSIVE(1,1)|EQUIVALENCY(1,1)|ESTIMATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION(1,1)|GAME CONSOLE(1,1)|GESTURE(1,1)|GRAPHIC PROCESSING(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS OFFSET(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS RESERVOIR(1,1)|GUI COMPONENT(1,1)|HEAD WEARABLE DISPLAY(1,1)| | (US11874720)|What is claimed is:|1. A networked computer system, comprising:| a network interface;| at least one processing device operable to:| receive via the network interface a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination;| predict energy utilization associated with execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems to implement the first transfer of resources from the first source via multicomputer data transfers, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database;| enable a set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to a predicted emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in performing the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems to be determined, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via:| planting of an organism,| subsurface saline aquifers,| peat bogs,| bio-energy,| biochar,| ocean fertilization, and/or| passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and| initiate the determined set of one or more emission offsets, corresponding to the predicted emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in performing the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems, by transmitting an instruction to at least one remote networked computer system to implement at least a portion of the determined set of one or more emission offsets.|2. The networked computer system as defined in claim 1, wherein the first transfer of resources comprises a token transfer and wherein the prediction of energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems to implement the first transfer of resources from the first source via multicomputer data transfers is based at least in part on a type of token being transferred.|3. The networked computer system as defined in claim 1, wherein the set of one or more emission offsets comprises a renewable energy source.|4. The networked computer system as defined in claim 1, wherein the data block comprises a hash value of a previous data block, validated data, a nonce, and a hash generated by passing the previous hash value, the validated data, and the nonce through a hash algorithm.|5. The networked computer system as defined in claim 1, wherein the computer operations comprise energy consumption for inter-computer communications.|6. The networked computer system as defined in claim 1, wherein the networked computer system comprises a cloud-based computer system including a plurality of distributed computer systems.|7. The networked computer system as defined in claim 1, wherein one or more assets used to implement the determined set of emission offsets are provided from the first source, an operator of the networked computer system, and/or a second source.|8. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:| receiving via over a network a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination;| predicting, using one or more computer systems, an emission amount related to an energy utilization associated with an execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems,| wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database;| using one or more computer systems to enable an identification of a set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to a predicted emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in performing the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems to be determined, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via:| planting of an organism,| subsurface saline aquifers,| peat bogs,| bio-energy,| biochar,| ocean fertilization, and/or| passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and| initiating the determined set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the predicted emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in performing the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems, by transmitting an instruction to at least one remote networked computer system to implement at least a portion of the determined set of one or more emission offsets.|9. The computer implemented method as defined in claim 8, wherein the first transfer of resources comprises a token transfer and wherein predicting, using one or more computer systems, the emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems is based at least in part on a type of token being transferred.|10. The computer implemented as defined in claim 8, wherein the set of one or more emission offsets comprises a renewable energy source.|11. The computer implemented method as defined in claim 8, wherein the data block comprises a hash value of a previous data block, validated data, a nonce, and a hash generated by passing the previous hash value, the validated data, and the nonce through a hash algorithm.|12. The computer implemented method as defined in claim 8, wherein the computer operations comprise energy consumption for inter-computer communications.|13. The computer implemented method as defined in claim 8, wherein the method is implemented using a cloud-based computer system including a plurality of distributed computer systems.|14. The computer implemented method as defined in claim 8, wherein one or more assets used to implement the determined set of emission offsets are provided from the first source, an operator of a first of the one or more computer systems, and/or a second source.|15. Non-transitory computer readable medium that stores computer instructions that when executed by a computing device cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:| receive a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination;| estimate an emission amount related to an energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems,| wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination;| enable a determination of a set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the estimated emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via:| planting of trees and/or other plants,| subsurface saline aquifers,| peat bogs,| bio-energy,| biochar,| ocean fertilization, and/or| passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and| initiate the determined set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the estimated emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations used in the first transfer of resources from the first source to the first destination by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems by transmitting an instruction to at least one destination to implement at least a portion of the determined set of one or more emission offsets.|16. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 15, wherein the first transfer of resources comprises a token transfer and wherein estimating the emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems is based at least in part on a type of token being transferred.|17. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 15, wherein the set of one or more emission offsets comprises a renewable energy source.|18. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 15, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database, wherein the data block comprises a hash value of a previous data block, validated data, a nonce, and a hash generated by passing the previous hash value, the validated data, and the nonce through a hash algorithm.|19. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 15, wherein the computer operations comprise energy consumption for inter-computer communications.|20. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 15, wherein one or more assets used to implement the set of emission offsets are provided from the first source, an entity associated with the computing device, and/or a second source. | (US11874720)|INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS|[0001] Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57.|COPYRIGHT NOTICE|[0002] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document and/or the patent disclosure as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent file and/or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights whatsoever.|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|Field of the Invention|[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to carbon-based energy usage resulting from computer operations and a reduction of the effects of such carbon-based energy usage.|Background|[0004] The utilization of fungible and non-fungible tokens have become ever more important to electronic transactions. However, transactions involving such tokens consume enormous amounts of energy, often obtained from the burning fossil fuels. Such energy consumption may result in climate-damaging carbon emissions. For example, according to one report, a single Bitcoin mining transaction consumes 1,173 kilowatt hours of electricity, approximately enough to power the typical American home for six weeks. Because of the nature of cryptocurrency mining, as increasingly powerful computer systems compete with each other to perform a mining operation, an increasing amount of energy may be needed to process a given transaction.|[0005] It is estimated that for each kilowatt hour of electricity used in a mining operation, 2.23 lbs. of CO2 are emitted when the electricity is generated using coal, 2.13 lbs. of CO2 are emitted when the electricity is generated using petroleum, and 0.91 lbs. of CO2 are emitted when the electricity is generated using natural gas. Thus, for example, if coal is used to power a minting operation, 2,616 lbs. of CO2 may be emitted.|[0006] Such large amounts of CO2 emissions damage the environment and discourage the use of crypto-tokens. Thus, it is desirable to mitigate the effects of token minting on the environment.|SUMMARY|[0007] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.|[0008] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to electrical computers, digital processing systems and multicomputer data transfers.|[0009] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to methods and systems configured to determine, optionally in real time, effects incurred by execution of computer processes of networked computer systems and the generation of offsets thereof. A prediction module may be configured to predict the amount of energy utilized by the execution of computer processes by networked computer systems and predict an associated footprint (e.g., carbon dioxide emissions). Methods and systems are configured to determine a selection of offsets and initiate the same via a network communication to one or more remote computer systems.|[0010] An aspect of the disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus configured to perform the prediction, optionally in real time, of carbon emissions (e.g., the emission of carbon dioxide gas) associated with computer operations. Such computer operations may be associated with mining tokens, such as fungible or non-fungible tokens, including the solution of complex mathematical problems. A carbon offset process may be initiated via a transmission between networked computer systems. The prediction and offset process may optionally be initiated in response to a provision of a token to a recipient, such as a non-profit entity.|[0011] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a networked computer system, comprising: a network interface; at least one processing device operable to: receive via the network interface a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; predict energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems to implement the first transfer of resources from the first source via multicomputer data transfers, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database; predict an emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems; automatically select a set of one or more emission offsets; and initiate the selected set of emission offsets by transmitting an instruction to at least one remote networked computer system to implement at least a portion of the selected set of one or more emission offsets.|[0012] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a networked computer system, comprising: a network interface; at least one processing device operable to: receive via the network interface a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; identify an estimate of energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by one or more networked computer systems to implement the first transfer of resources from the first source, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems; access an estimate of an emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by one or more networked computer systems; identify an emission offset; and initiate the emission offset via a transmission to at least one networked computer system.|[0013] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method, the method comprising: receiving via over a network a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; predicting an emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems, wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database; selecting a set of one or more emission offsets; and initiating the selected set of emission offsets by transmitting an instruction to at least one remote networked computer system to implement at least a portion of the selected set of one or more emission offsets.|[0014] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method, the method comprising: receiving via over a network a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; accessing an estimate of an emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems, wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems; identifying a set of one or more emission offsets; and initiating the identified set of emission offsets by transmitting a communication instruction to at least one remote networked computer system.|[0015] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer readable medium that stores computer instructions that when executed by a computing device cause the computing device to perform operations comprising: receive a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; estimate an emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems, wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database; determine a set of one or more emission offsets; and initiate the determined set of emission offsets by transmitting an instruction to at least one computer system to implement at least a portion of the determined set of one or more emission offsets.|(US11874720)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0016] Embodiments will now be described with reference to the drawings summarized below. These drawings and the associated description are provided to illustrate example aspects of the disclosure, and not to limit the scope of the invention.|[0017] FIG. 1A illustrates an example operating environment of networked computer systems that enables inter-computer communications and data transfers.|[0018] FIG. 1B illustrates an example architecture of a computer-based greenhouse gas mitigation system.|[0019] FIG. 2 illustrates an example computer-implemented process.|[0020] FIGS. 3A, 3B illustrate example user interfaces.|(US11874720)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0021] As discussed elsewhere herein, utilization of fungible and non-fungible tokens has become ever more important to electronic transactions. However, transactions involving such tokens consume enormous amounts of energy, often obtained from the burning of fossil fuels. Such energy consumption may result in climate-damaging carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) or other greenhouse gas emissions.|[0022] By way of illustration, mining cryptocurrencies is a highly energy intensive process that uses high speed computers to solve complex algorithmic problems in order to record to the blockchain and receive cryptocurrency tokens. This process is needed to create new tokens and to register transactions on the blockchain.|[0023] In order to overcome the technical challenges posed by the mining of such tokens, systems and methods are described that perform predictions/estimates of carbon and/or other greenhouse emissions associated with computer operations, optionally in real time. Such computer operations may be associated with mining tokens, such as fungible or non-fungible token. The mining process may be initiated by a user that is transferring tokens to a specified destination, such as a non-profit entity.|[0024] Crypto mining may involve creating new coins, validating cryptocurrency transactions on a blockchain network, or adding cryptocurrency transactions to a distributed ledger. Crypto mining may inhibit the double-spending of digital currency on a distributed network.|[0025] In order to offset the environmental impact of greenhouse gasses that are predicted to be emitted as a result of the computer operations (e.g., mining related operations such as crypto mining processes, database recording processes, verification processes, notification processes, hosting processes, currency conversion processes, other processes described herein, and/or other processes), a carbon offset process may be initiated via a transmission by a greenhouse gas mitigation system to a greenhouse gasses offset system. It is understood that although greenhouse gasses are referred to herein by way of example, the systems and processes described herein may be utilized to predict other types of adverse environmental impacts related to the execution of computer operations and instructions, and to the offset thereof.|[0026] The prediction and offset process may optionally be initiated in response to receipt of an already minted token (e.g., provided by a donor for provision to a nonprofit charitable entity) and/or in response to a provision of a token to a recipient, such as a non-profit charitable entity, via the networked computer systems described herein.|[0027] The greenhouse gas emission prediction may be based on a variety of factors, such as the type of energy that will be or that is predicted to be used to perform the computer operations, server energy consumption for hosting and processing a token transaction, energy consumption for inter-computer communications and delivering communications related to the transaction (e.g., transmission of a receipt to the user that made a token donation to a recipient, transmission to the recipient regarding the donation, recording the transaction on a synchronized distributed database (e.g., a distributed general ledger, such as a blockchain), energy consumption for verifying funds, energy consumption for converting tokens into a government currency that is local to the recipient, and/or other computer operations).|[0028] Different cryptocurrencies may utilize different amounts of energy in the minting process. Therefore, the prediction process may adapt to the type of cryptocurrency being provided.|[0029] Data used in predicting greenhouse gas emissions may be obtained by the greenhouse gas mitigation system from a local datastore of data and/or from remote datastores. Such datastores may store in databases, among other information, information for different types of cryptocurrency, such as the estimated amount of greenhouse gasses (e.g., carbon emissions) emitted per crypto-transaction for a given type of cryptocurrency (which may optionally include the total energy of the entity that mined a given tokens as well as all the energy estimated to be consumed by other miners who were involved, but did not win, and which may optionally factor in the power source used by a given miner, such as coal, natural gas, solar, hydro, etc.), the estimated energy used per crypto-transaction for a given type of cryptocurrency, and/or the amount of different types of offsets need to offset a transaction for a given type of cryptocurrency (e.g., the number of trees needed to offset the emissions, the number of solar panels for a given period of time needed to offset the emissions, the amount of ground cover needed to offset the emissions, the amount of clean water needed to be provided to reduce a corresponding amount of wood burning for purifying water and to thereby offset the emissions, etc.). By way of further example, emissions per transaction of a given cryptocurrency may be determined using the total energy, the number of transactions, and a regional weighted electricity emission factor.|[0030] Optionally, the system may calculate a central tendency (e.g., an average or median) emissions factor per crypto-transaction, optionally per government issue currency (e.g., per dollar) equivalent (e.g., measuring, for a given cryptocurrency, one cryptocurrency conversion to one United States dollar transaction) and/or per specified cryptocurrency. Optionally, an average emissions factor may be calculated and applied to some or all crypto-transactions managed by the system in order to estimate the carbon footprint of the corresponding crypto-transactions. Optionally, the emissions factor may be a central tendency (e.g., an average or median) of a set of some or all of the cryptocurrency types supported by the system. Optionally, a recommendation may be generated for a portfolio/set of carbon offset projects (e.g., verified carbon offset projects) offered through a certification platform or other type of platform, such as the UN Climate Neutral Now platform.|[0031] For example, the number of trees needed to offset a given amount of carbon may be determined based on periodic, direct measurements of carbon in forestry stock, direct carbon flux measurements (that measures the flow of carbon into and out of a forest), and/or inventory-based carbon accounting models (e.g., C-Flow, Carbine, C-Sort, FullCAM or other carbon accounting models). By way of illustration, a carbon accounting model may estimate the carbon stock change in ecosystems including above and belowground biomass, standing and decomposing debris, and/or soil carbon resulting from land use and management activities.|[0032] Such offset may be less than, approximately the same as, or greater than the predicted carbon or other greenhouse emissions associated with the computer operations utilized in minting a token and/or other computer processes and operations. Thus, the offset may partially, wholly, or overcompensate for the carbon or other greenhouse emissions associated with the computer processes and operations.|[0033] The carbon offset may involve carbon sequestering to remove carbon for the atmosphere, where the carbon may be stored in a natural or artificial reservoir. For example, carbon sequestering may be accomplished by the planting of trees and/or other plants, using subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar (charcoal produced by pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen;), bio-energy, ocean fertilization, and/or the like. By way of example, emissions may be passed through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs the carbon dioxide. The solvent may be heated in a tower structure (sometimes referred to as a stripper or regenerator), to remove the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may be conducted to an underground storage facility. Offsets may also be accomplished by the funding of green, renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydro-electric generators. Offsets may also be accomplished by the provision of clean water via non-polluting means (e.g., clean water wells) to reduce the amount of carbon-emitting techniques (e.g., the burning of wood or coal) needed to purify water, or the funding thereof.|[0034] Thus, a portfolio of offsets, including a single offset type or a set of different offset types, may be utilized to offset the predicted greenhouse emissions resulting from computer systems processing a crypto mining operation and/or other computer operations (e.g., resulting from the execution of computer instructions, from computer cooling systems, and/or the like). Optionally, a user interface may be displayed to the user via a user device, where the user interface is populated by the disclosed system(s) with offset options from which the user can choose. Optionally, the user interface may be configured to enable the user to specify specific amounts or percentages of offset types to be used in providing greenhouse case emission offsets. For example, a user may choose to offset half of the predicted greenhouse gasses involved in processing a user donation (or other token provisioning) via the planting of trees and offset half of the greenhouse gasses via the funding of green energy sources. Optionally, the user interface may be configured to enable the user to specify other criteria to control which offsets or set of offsets are to be used. For example, the user may be enabled to specify a location (e.g., country, state, city, etc.) of a greenhouse gas reservoir that is to be funded.|[0035] The resources for funding the greenhouse gas offset may be apportioned from the tokens provided by the user, may be provided by the system operator, may be provided by a third party (e.g., a sponsor), may be provided by a governmental entity, or may otherwise be provided.|[0036] Certain aspects will now be described with reference to the figures.|[0037] FIG. 1A illustrates an example networked environment that may be utilized to practice the example processes herein. A greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may communicate via a network 100 (e.g., the Internet, an intranet, a cellular network, and/or other network) with one or more computer-based offset systems 104, 106, 108, which may optionally be operated by different entities.|[0038] For example, a given offset system may be configured to initiate greenhouse gas mitigation processes in response to a communication from the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102. A given offset system may include a network interface configured to communicate with the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 and optionally other systems via the network 100. The communication from the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may specify a funding amount, an offset type, and/or an amount of offset. Optionally, the specification of the offset type and/or amount may be provided by a third party networked computer system instead of or in addition to the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102. The third party system may provide such specification of the offset type and/or amount to the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 and/or directly to the offset system.|[0039] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may be configured to store and/or access one or more models and/or data configured to determine greenhouse gas emissions for various computer processes (such as those described herein) and/or configured to determine an amount or degree of offsets needed to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions.|[0040] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may store user data, such as user name, email address, phone number/SMS/text messaging address, physical address, historical token provision history (e.g., donations, including types of tokens donated, number of tokens donated, value of donated tokens in a government currency at the time of donation, date of donation, donation recipient, and/or the like), offset history (e.g., the amount of greenhouse emissions offset, the type of offsets, the quantity of offsets, where the offsets were implemented, and/or other offset characteristics, such as those described herein), cryptocurrency preferences (e.g., the types of cryptocurrency the user prefers and/or tends to use to make donations), offset preferences (e.g., the type of offsets the user prefers, the location (e.g., country, state, or city) that user prefers the offsets to be implemented in, and/or the like), and/or preferred token recipients (e.g., preferred charities), and/or other user information. Optionally, user preferences (e.g., offset preferences, cryptocurrency preferences, and/or recipient preferences) may be explicitly specified by the user via a preference user interface provided by the system or a dedicated application and/or may be inferred from the user's historical information (e.g., token provision history, recipient history, offset history, and/or other historical data related to transactions).|[0041] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may also be configured to store and/or access data related to the amount of greenhouse emissions for different cryptocurrencies, calculate or access calculations as to how much of one or more types of offsets are needed to offset a given processing of a cryptocurrency transaction, and/or a central tendency (e.g., an average or median) emissions factor per crypto-transaction per government issue currency. Optionally, an average emissions factor may be calculated and applied to some or all crypto-transactions managed by the system in order to estimate the carbon footprint of the corresponding crypto-transactions. Optionally, the system may generate or access a recommended portfolio/set of carbon offset projects (e.g., based on user preferences, based on offset project certifications, based on the user location, based on the offset project location, based on the amount of offsets needed, based on the cost of the offsets, and/or the like).|[0042] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may also be configured to execute in whole or in part processes described herein, to provide user interfaces described herein, to receive user data and instructions, such as those described herein, and to perform inter-computer data transfers and communications.|[0043] FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating example components of the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102. The example greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 includes an arrangement of computer hardware and software components that may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the example components may include more (or fewer) components than those depicted in FIG. 1B. The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may comprise a cloud-based computer system.|[0044] With respect to the cloud-based computer system optional implementation, the cloud-based computer system may comprise a hosted computing environment that includes a collection of physical computing resources that may be remotely accessible, located at different facilities, and may be rapidly provisioned as needed (sometimes referred to as a “cloud” computing environment). Certain data described herein may optionally be stored using a data store that may comprise a hosted storage environment that includes a collection of physical data storage devices that may be remotely accessible and may be rapidly provisioned as needed (sometimes referred to as “cloud” storage).|[0045] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may include one or more processing units 120B (e.g., a general purpose processor unit (CPU) and/or a high speed graphics processor unit (GPU) to aid in processing crypto-transactions), one or more network interfaces 122B, a non-transitory computer-readable medium drive 124B, and an input/output device interface 126B, all of which may communicate with one another by way of one or more communication buses. The network interface 122B may provide services described herein with connectivity to one or more networks or computing systems (e.g., offset systems, user devices, distributed ledgers, offset computer systems, emission prediction computer systems, energy consumption prediction computer systems, etc.). The processing unit 120B may thus receive information (e.g., user data, instructions, emissions data, energy consumption data, offset data, other data disclosed herein, and other data) and instructions from other computing devices, systems, or services via a network, and may provide responsive data and/or execute instructions. The processing unit 120B may also communicate to and from non-transitory computer-readable medium drive 124B and memory 128B, and further provide output information via the input/output device interface 126B. The input/output device interface 126B may also accept input from one or more input devices, such as a keyboard, mouse, digital pen, touch screen, microphone, camera, etc.|[0046] The memory 128B may contain computer program instructions that the processing unit 1206 may execute in order to implement one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The memory 1286 generally includes RAM, ROM (and variants thereof, such as EEPROM) and/or other persistent or non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The memory 128B may store an operating system 132B that provides computer program instructions for use by the processing unit 120B in the general administration and operation of a greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B, including its components. The memory architecture may be configured so that memory 128B includes non-transitory computer-readable medium drive 1246.|[0047] The memory 1286 may store user accounts and data, such as user name, email address, phone number/SMS/text messaging address, physical address, local government currency of the user, historical token provision history (e.g., donations, including types of tokens donated, number of tokens donated, value of donated tokens in a government currency at the time of donation, and/or date of donation, and/or the like), offset history (e.g., the amount of greenhouse emissions offset, the type of offsets, the quantity of offsets, where the offsets were implemented, and/or other offset characteristics, such as those described herein), user specified or inferred cryptocurrency preferences (e.g., the types of cryptocurrency prefers and/or tends to use to make donations or other transfers), user specified or inferred offset preferences (e.g., the type of offsets the user prefers, the location (e.g., country, state, or city) that user prefers the offsets to be implemented in), and/or user specified or inferred preferred token recipients (e.g., preferred charities), and/or other user information. As disclosed elsewhere herein, user preferences may be explicitly specified by the user via a preference user interface and/or may be inferred from the user's historical information (e.g., token provision history, recipient history, offset history, and/or other historical data related to transactions).|[0048] The memory 1286 may also store data related to the amount of greenhouse emissions for different cryptocurrencies and/or other data described herein. It is understood that a given item of data may be in addition or instead be stored on non-transitory computer-readable medium drive 1248.|[0049] Some or all of the data and content discussed herein may optionally be stored in a relational database, a SQL database, a NOSQL database, or other database type. Optionally, the memory 128B may include one or more third party cloud-based storage systems. A given database may optionally cache most-likely-needed data in relatively high speed RAM but purge the data from RAM to relatively slower non-transitory storage when it is estimated that the data will not be needed in the near term. A given database may pull newly requested, but un-cached, data from non-transitory storage into RAM when needed to reply to database queries and/or for operations.|[0050] The greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B may include a GUI component that generates and/or populates graphical user interfaces and processes user inputs, such as those described herein. For example, such user interfaces may enable a user to specify user data and preferences, such as user data and preferences discussed elsewhere herein, user interfaces via which the user can specify a recipient (e.g., a donation recipient), whether certain user information is to be shared with a recipient, an amount and type of tokens or other currencies being provided/donated, and/or offset type(s) and/or offset criteria. The greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B may include a token processing component that converts tokens provided by the user into another currency (e.g., a currency issued by a government where the recipient is located) and transfer the currency to the recipient. The greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B may also convert a user-specified currency amount in a government issued currency into a token amount of a user specified token type.|[0051] A greenhouse prediction component may be configured to estimate or access an estimate of the amount of greenhouse gas emissions (and/or the creation of other pollutants) associated with processing the designated/provided cryptocurrency. For example, as disclosed elsewhere herein, the greenhouse gas emission prediction may be based on a variety of factors, such as the type of energy that will be or that is predicted to be used to perform the computer operations, energy consumption for cooling computer systems and associated facilities, server energy consumption for hosting and processing a token transaction, energy consumption for delivering communications related to the transaction, (e.g., transmission of a receipt to the user that made a token donation to a recipient, transmission to the recipient regarding the donation), energy consumption for recording the transaction on a synchronized distributed database (e.g., a distributed general ledger, such as a blockchain), energy consumption for verifying funds, and/or energy consumption for converting tokens into a government currency that is local to the recipient. The prediction may utilize a datastore that includes estimates of greenhouse gas emissions for a given transaction for different types of cryptocurrencies.|[0052] A greenhouse offset component may be configured to determine and/or recommend one or more offset types and quantities to offset the predicted greenhouse gas emissions. For example, as disclosed herein, one or more carbon accounting models may be utilized in determining a quantity of a given offset type (e.g., a number of trees) needed to offset the predicted emissions. The greenhouse offset component may specify a set of different types of offsets to offset the predicted emissions (e.g., tree planting, agriculture, artificial extraction of carbon from the atmosphere, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, and/or the like). For example, carbon sequestering may be accomplished by the planting of trees and/or other plants, using subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar (charcoal produced by pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen;), bio-energy, ocean fertilization, or the like. By way of example, emissions may be passed through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs the carbon dioxide. The solvent may be heated in a tower structure (sometimes referred to as a stripper or regenerator, to remove the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may be conducted to an underground storage facility. Offsets may also be accomplished by the funding of green, renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydro-electric generator.|[0053] The memory 128B may include an interface module 130B. The interface module 130B can be configured to facilitate generating one or more interfaces through which a compatible computing device may send to, or receive data and/or instructions from the greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B.|[0054] Referring now to FIG. 2, an example greenhouse gas emission determination and offset process is illustrated. The process may be executed in whole or in part by the systems and devices disclosed herein (e.g., the greenhouse gas emission mitigation system, and/or one or more offset systems, and/or one or more user devices).|[0055] At block 202 a token provision initiation process indication is received. For example, the token provision initiation process indication may optionally be received from a dedicated application hosted on a user device (e.g., an application specifically configured to enable a user to make donations to a specified recipient), via a webpage (e.g., hosted on a webserver) presented on the user device by a browser, or otherwise. The indication may indicate that the user has accessed the dedicated application or webpage. Optionally, the indication may be received in association with user authentication data (e.g., a user identifier and/or password). Optionally, a user account record, if such exists, may be accessed from memory. Data from the user account record may be retrieved and used to populate a user interface on the user device. For example, the user name, historical recipients and/or favorite recipients (where the user may have designated certain recipients as favorites so that they will be more prominently display and/or easily accessed), types of tokens previously provided by the user, amounts of tokens previously provided by the user, and/or other user data disclosed herein may be used to populate the user interface for display to the user.|[0056] At block 204, a specification of a token type (e.g., BITCOIN, ETHEREUM, TETHER, BNB, USD COIN, XRP, TERRA, DOGECOIN, BINANCE, ETC.), a quantity of tokens (which may include a fractional amount), and/or a recipient is received from the user device (e.g., via the user interface), where the user is requesting a transfer corresponding to the tokens to the recipient. For example, the user interface may include a menu of token types from which the user may select (e.g., those supported by the system), a field or menu configured to receive a token quantity user specification, a field or menu configured to receive a user recipient designation. Optionally, the specific quantity and type of cryptocurrency being used may be specified via a unique identifier, a transaction ID, and/or the like, that is then looked up in a record or table that identifies the corresponding token type and quantity. Optionally, the user may specify the amount to be provided to the user in a government currency rather than in tokens, and the system may convert that amount to a corresponding amount in the user specified cryptocurrency. The user interface may also enable the user to specify a cryptocurrency wallet or platform from which the specified amount may be transferred.|[0057] At block 206, one or more local and/or remote data stores may be accessed that includes data providing an estimate of how much energy will be consumed by processing all or a portion of the transaction. For example, energy consumption data may be accessed for different aspects of a token transaction process, such as for different aspects of the process illustrated in FIG. 2. The aspects of the transaction may include crypto mining processes, database recording processes, verification processes, notification processes, hosting processes, currency conversion processes, other processes described herein, and/or other processes.|[0058] By way of illustration, transactions in a blockchain network are grouped into blocks that are linked together to form a chain of blocks. A block is a container including transaction details. A block include primary attribute fields, such as a previous hash (the value of the hash of the previous block, which is used to link blocks), data (the aggregated set of transactions that were mined and validated and included in the block), a nonce (a random value used to vary the output of the hash value), and a hash (the value obtained by passing the previous hash value, the data and the nonce through the SHA-256 algorithm which acts is the digital signature of the block). SHA-256 is a cryptographic hash algorithm that produces a unique 256-bit alphanumeric hash value for a given input.|[0059] Blockchain transactions are stored in chronological order marked by timestamps and hash functions. Records stored in the blockchain network are permanent and immutable, where a record or transaction added to the blockchain cannot be modified or altered, so that transactions are protected from hacking. The crypto mining process may include energy-intensive computer-implemented operations configured to solve complex cryptographic hash puzzles to verify blocks of transactions that are updated on a synchronized distributed database (e.g., a decentralized blockchain ledger).|[0060] At block 208, a prediction of greenhouse emissions associated with the estimated energy consumption may be generated. For example, the prediction may be accessed from a data store and/or generated, optionally in real time, using one or more models (e.g., carbon footprint estimation models). For example, a model may take into account the emissions resulting from the activities of cryptocurrency miners in utilizing computational resources (and related activities, such as air conditioning) to verify crypto-transactions as well as the emissions resulting from the activities of the greenhouse gas emission mitigation system, the offset systems, and/or .user devices.|[0061] The model may take into account the type of cryptocurrency validation performed. For example, Proof of Work (PoW) validation may result in higher energy consumption as compared to Proof of Stake (PoS) validation. Further, the type of validation may be used in predicting the amount of associated E-waste (e.g., discarded electrical or electronic devices). By way of illustration, cryptocurrencies that rely on Proof of Work validation tend to cause more E-waste. In Proof of Work validation, the first miner to solve (typically using specialized computing equipment) a cryptographic puzzle (finding a target hash) gets to add a block of transactions and earn corresponding rewards. In Proof of Stake validation, mining is not performed. Instead, currency owners stake their cryptocoins and the protocol randomly selects a validator who adds a block and earns rewards.|[0062] Optionally, the prediction may take into account the locations or predicted locations of the systems and devices whose activities are included in the greenhouse emission predictions. Using the locations, the average emissions may be estimated based on the electricity generation mix for a local electricity grid. For example, certain locations may be more likely to utilize highly polluting energy sources (e.g., coal) and certain locations may utilize less polluting energy sources (e.g., solar or hydro energy). Optionally, current profitability of mining may be taken into account in the greenhouse emission prediction. For example, a correlation has been identified, wherein the larger the profitability of mining (i.e., increased value of cryptocurrency), the higher the likelihood of market participants using suboptimal power efficiency (e.g., high energy consuming dated equipment). Different Optionally, the predicted emissions may be reduced based on green electricity purchases, renewable energy power purchase agreements, and/or renewable energy certificates associated with one or more of the systems and devices.|[0063] Optionally, the process does not estimate how much energy will be consumed by processing the transaction, but directly determines or accesses a prediction of greenhouse emissions associated with processing the transaction (which may have been generated using an energy consumption estimate).|[0064] At block 210, one or more local and/or remote emissions offset datastores may be accessed, and emission offset data may be retrieved (e.g., over a network). For example, the emission offset data may indicate the number of trees (which may include a fractional amount, such as 0.1 trees) needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas (e.g., carbon dioxide) emissions. By way of further example, the emission offset data may indicate the number of methane digesters (used to manage livestock waste) needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas (e.g., carbon dioxide) emissions. By way of yet further example, the emission offset data may indicate the amount of cover crops are needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas emissions. By way of still further example, the emission offset data may indicate how many solar, wind or hydro devices (which may include a fractional amount) are needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas emissions. By way of additional example, the emission offset data may indicate how many clean water wells are needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas emissions (where the use of clear water wells in poor countries may reduce the need to burn wood and coal to boil and purify water).|[0065] Thus, an offset may represent an actual net reduction in emissions, an offset may result in a permanent reduction of emissions, and/or an offset may be registered and tracked to ensure it is not double-sold. An offset may be quantifiable where the offset project emission reductions can be quantified in tons of CO2 equivalent or other units of measurement. An offset may be selected via a governmental or non-governmental entity program. For example, an offset may be selected using the United Nations Climate Neutral Now program. Through this program, organizations invest in Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from the United Nations Carbon Offset Platform. The CERs are generated from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, which are located in developing countries. These projects, currently earn 1 CER for each ton of greenhouse emissions they reduce or avoid, and are measured in CO2e (Carbon dioxide equivalent).|[0066] At block 212, a portfolio of one or more offset types/sources may be selected sufficient to offset some, all, or in excess of the estimated greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the portfolio may include one or more of the offset types described herein. One or more factors may be utilized in determining the portfolio. For example, a rule may specify a percentage of the predicted greenhouse gas emissions that will be offset. Another rule may specify one or more locations where offsets are to be provided. User specified preferences may be utilized in selecting the types and locations of the offsets. As discussed elsewhere herein, optionally user may be enabled to specify preferred offset types and/or locations, and such preferences may be stored in a user record.|[0067] At block 214, offset instructions may be transmitted (e.g., over a network) to one or more offset computer systems configured to cause the offsets to be implemented. Optionally, the process may determine the source of funding for a given offset and transfer such funding to the offset implementer. For example, the funding may offset may be provided by the user providing the tokens (e.g., apportioned from the tokens provided by the user), may be provided by the system operator, may be provided by a third party (e.g., a sponsor), may be provided by a governmental entity, or may otherwise be provided.|[0068] At block 216, the tokens provided by the user may be converted to a currency local to the recipient, and the local currency may be transferred to an account associated with the recipient. Optionally, the tokens may be transferred to an account (e.g., a wallet) associated with the recipient, without the conversion to a local currency.|[0069] At block 218, the transfer and/or other aspects of the transaction may optionally be recorded on a distributed synchronized database (e.g., a distributed general ledger, such as a blockchain). At block 220, one or more communications may be generated and transmitted over a network to one or more recipients. For example, an electronic receipt may be generated and transmitted to the user (e.g., via email, messaging service, document download, or otherwise) that indicates the amount and type of tokens provided by the user, the value of the tokens in a government issued currency (e.g., the local currency of the user and/or of the recipient), the identity of the recipient, and/or the amount and/or types of offsets initiated. By way of further example, a communication may be generated and transmitted to the recipient, including the name of the user, the user's electronic address (e.g., email address, messaging service address, and/or other address), the amount and type of tokens provided to the recipient, the value of the tokens in a government issued currency (e.g., the local currency of the user and/or of the recipient), and/or the amount and/or types of offsets initiated. Optionally, the user may be enabled to opt-out of having certain information provided to the recipient (e.g., name, email address, phone number, and/or the like) so as to enhance the user's privacy.|[0070] Certain example user interfaces will now be described with reference to the figures.|[0071] FIG. 3A illustrates an example user interface that may optionally be accessed by a user without having an account with the mitigation system and without logging in. Fields are provided via which the user may specify the user's first name, last name, and electronic address (e.g., email address, although in addition or instead, a mobile phone number field may be provided). A control is provided via which the user may inhibit the system from providing the user's name and/or electronic address to the recipient (e.g., a nonprofit organization).|[0072] FIG. 3B illustrates a user interface via which the user may enter a contribution amount, select an online cryptocurrency platform (that enables buying, selling, transferring, and storing cryptocurrency), specify a cryptocurrency type, and specify an amount to be provided to the recipient (specified as a government issued currency amount or as a cryptocurrency amount). Where the user specifies an amount in a government issued currency, the system may automatically convert the government issued currency amount to an amount in the specified cryptocurrency, and the user interface may display both the government issued currency amount and the cryptocurrency amount. The system may calculate or select a network fee associated with the cryptocurrency transaction and cause the user interface to display the network fee in the government issued currency amount and/or the cryptocurrency amount. A total of the user specified amount and the network amount may be calculated and displayed via the user interface in the government issued currency amount and/or the cryptocurrency amount.|[0073] Optionally, a field or menu may be provided via which the user may specify the recipient. Optionally, the recipient is pre-specified, such as may be the case if the user accesses the recipient's website and access the user interface illustrated in FIG. 3B (or the like) via the recipient's website.|[0074] Although the foregoing examples describe the prediction and offsets of greenhouse gas emissions in the context of the cryptocurrency transactions, the processes may similarly be used to offset other computer operations, such as artificial intelligence/learning engine training (e.g., the training of algorithms that parse data and learn from the data to make informed decisions, deep neural networks, deep belief networks, deep reinforcement learning, recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks, classification and regression trees, and/or the like).|[0075] A prediction model may estimate energy consumption (and the resulting greenhouse emissions) as a function of computer run time, the number, type and process time of computing cores (central processing units and/or graphic processing units), the amount and type of memory utilized (e.g., the number of read/write operations to RAM and/or magnetic memory) and the power utilization of these resources. The prediction model may in addition input the energy utilized in ancillary functions, such as for air conditioning, heating, lighting, and/or the like.|[0076] Thus, systems and methods are described configured to predict an amount of energy consumed by various types of computer-implemented operations, predict associated greenhouse gas emissions, determine an offset portfolio, and cause the greenhouse gas emission offsets to be initiated, optionally utilizing multicomputer data transfers|[0077] The methods and processes described herein may have fewer or additional steps or states and the steps or states may be performed in a different order. Not all steps or states need to be reached. The methods and processes described herein may be embodied in, and fully or partially automated via, software code modules executed by one or more general purpose computers. The code modules may be stored in any type of computer-readable medium or other computer storage device. Some or all of the methods may alternatively be embodied in whole or in part in specialized computer hardware. The systems described herein may optionally include displays, user input devices (e.g., touchscreen, keyboard, mouse, voice recognition, etc.), network interfaces, etc.|[0078] The results of the disclosed methods may be stored in any type of computer data repository, such as relational databases and flat file systems that use volatile and/or non-volatile memory (e.g., magnetic disk storage, optical storage, EEPROM and/or solid state RAM).|[0079] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, routines, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. The described functionality can be implemented in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the disclosure.|[0080] Moreover, the various illustrative logical blocks and modules described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented or performed by a machine, such as a general purpose processor device, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor device can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor device can be a controller, microcontroller, or state machine, combinations of the same, or the like. A processor device can include electrical circuitry configured to process computer-executable instructions. In another embodiment, a processor device includes an FPGA or other programmable device that performs logic operations without processing computer-executable instructions. A processor device can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Although described herein primarily with respect to digital technology, a processor device may also include primarily analog components. A computing environment can include any type of computer system, including, but not limited to, a computer system based on a microprocessor, a mainframe computer, a digital signal processor, a portable computing device, a device controller, or a computational engine within an appliance, to name a few.|[0081] The elements of a method, process, routine, or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor device, or in a combination of the two. A software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, other solid state memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. An exemplary storage medium can be coupled to the processor device such that the processor device can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to the processor device. The processor device and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor device and the storage medium can reside as discrete components in a user terminal.|[0082] Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “may,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without other input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.|[0083] Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.|[0084] While the phrase “click” may be used with respect to a user selecting a control, menu selection, or the like, other user inputs may be used, such as voice commands, text entry, gestures, etc. User inputs may, by way of example, be provided via an interface, such as via text fields, wherein a user enters text, and/or via a menu selection (e.g., a drop down menu, a list or other arrangement via which the user can check via a check box or otherwise make a selection or selections, a group of individually selectable icons, etc.). When the user provides an input or activates a control, a corresponding computing system may perform the corresponding operation. Some or all of the data, inputs and instructions provided by a user may optionally be stored in a system data store (e.g., a database), from which the system may access and retrieve such data, inputs, and instructions. The notifications/alerts and user interfaces described herein may be provided via a Web page, a dedicated or non-dedicated phone application, computer application, an operating system, a short messaging service message (e.g., SMS, MMS, etc.), instant messaging, email, push notification, audibly, a pop-up interface, and/or otherwise.|[0085] The user terminals described herein may be in the form of a mobile communication device (e.g., a cell phone), laptop, tablet computer, interactive television, game console, media streaming device, head-wearable display, networked watch, etc. The user terminals may optionally include displays, user input devices (e.g., touchscreen, keyboard, mouse, voice recognition, etc.), network interfaces, etc.|[0086] While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various embodiments, it can be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the devices or algorithms illustrated can be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. As can be recognized, certain embodiments described herein can be embodied within a form that does not provide all of the features and benefits set forth herein, as some features can be used or practiced separately from others. The scope of certain embodiments disclosed herein is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. | (US11874720)|INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS|[0001] Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57.|COPYRIGHT NOTICE|[0002] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document and/or the patent disclosure as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent file and/or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights whatsoever.|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|Field of the Invention|[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to carbon-based energy usage resulting from computer operations and a reduction of the effects of such carbon-based energy usage.|Background|[0004] The utilization of fungible and non-fungible tokens have become ever more important to electronic transactions. However, transactions involving such tokens consume enormous amounts of energy, often obtained from the burning fossil fuels. Such energy consumption may result in climate-damaging carbon emissions. For example, according to one report, a single Bitcoin mining transaction consumes 1,173 kilowatt hours of electricity, approximately enough to power the typical American home for six weeks. Because of the nature of cryptocurrency mining, as increasingly powerful computer systems compete with each other to perform a mining operation, an increasing amount of energy may be needed to process a given transaction.|[0005] It is estimated that for each kilowatt hour of electricity used in a mining operation, 2.23 lbs. of CO2 are emitted when the electricity is generated using coal, 2.13 lbs. of CO2 are emitted when the electricity is generated using petroleum, and 0.91 lbs. of CO2 are emitted when the electricity is generated using natural gas. Thus, for example, if coal is used to power a minting operation, 2,616 lbs. of CO2 may be emitted.|[0006] Such large amounts of CO2 emissions damage the environment and discourage the use of crypto-tokens. Thus, it is desirable to mitigate the effects of token minting on the environment.|SUMMARY|[0007] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.|[0008] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to electrical computers, digital processing systems and multicomputer data transfers.|[0009] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to methods and systems configured to determine, optionally in real time, effects incurred by execution of computer processes of networked computer systems and the generation of offsets thereof. A prediction module may be configured to predict the amount of energy utilized by the execution of computer processes by networked computer systems and predict an associated footprint (e.g., carbon dioxide emissions). Methods and systems are configured to determine a selection of offsets and initiate the same via a network communication to one or more remote computer systems.|[0010] An aspect of the disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus configured to perform the prediction, optionally in real time, of carbon emissions (e.g., the emission of carbon dioxide gas) associated with computer operations. Such computer operations may be associated with mining tokens, such as fungible or non-fungible tokens, including the solution of complex mathematical problems. A carbon offset process may be initiated via a transmission between networked computer systems. The prediction and offset process may optionally be initiated in response to a provision of a token to a recipient, such as a non-profit entity.|[0011] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a networked computer system, comprising: a network interface; at least one processing device operable to: receive via the network interface a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; predict energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems to implement the first transfer of resources from the first source via multicomputer data transfers, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database; predict an emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems; automatically select a set of one or more emission offsets; and initiate the selected set of emission offsets by transmitting an instruction to at least one remote networked computer system to implement at least a portion of the selected set of one or more emission offsets.|[0012] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a networked computer system, comprising: a network interface; at least one processing device operable to: receive via the network interface a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; identify an estimate of energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by one or more networked computer systems to implement the first transfer of resources from the first source, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems; access an estimate of an emission footprint related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by one or more networked computer systems; identify an emission offset; and initiate the emission offset via a transmission to at least one networked computer system.|[0013] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method, the method comprising: receiving via over a network a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; predicting an emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems, wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database; selecting a set of one or more emission offsets; and initiating the selected set of emission offsets by transmitting an instruction to at least one remote networked computer system to implement at least a portion of the selected set of one or more emission offsets.|[0014] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method, the method comprising: receiving via over a network a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; accessing an estimate of an emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems, wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems; identifying a set of one or more emission offsets; and initiating the identified set of emission offsets by transmitting a communication instruction to at least one remote networked computer system.|[0015] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer readable medium that stores computer instructions that when executed by a computing device cause the computing device to perform operations comprising: receive a request for a first transfer of resources from a first source to a first destination; estimate an emission amount related to the energy utilization associated with the execution of computer operations by a plurality of distributed networked computer systems, wherein the energy utilization is associated with the execution of the computer operations by the plurality of distributed networked computer systems in implementing the first transfer of resources to the first destination, the computer operations comprising solving mathematical algorithmic problems and recording a data block on a distributed synchronized database; determine a set of one or more emission offsets; and initiate the determined set of emission offsets by transmitting an instruction to at least one computer system to implement at least a portion of the determined set of one or more emission offsets.|(US11874720)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0016] Embodiments will now be described with reference to the drawings summarized below. These drawings and the associated description are provided to illustrate example aspects of the disclosure, and not to limit the scope of the invention.|[0017] FIG. 1A illustrates an example operating environment of networked computer systems that enables inter-computer communications and data transfers.|[0018] FIG. 1B illustrates an example architecture of a computer-based greenhouse gas mitigation system.|[0019] FIG. 2 illustrates an example computer-implemented process.|[0020] FIGS. 3A, 3B illustrate example user interfaces.|(US11874720)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0021] As discussed elsewhere herein, utilization of fungible and non-fungible tokens has become ever more important to electronic transactions. However, transactions involving such tokens consume enormous amounts of energy, often obtained from the burning of fossil fuels. Such energy consumption may result in climate-damaging carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) or other greenhouse gas emissions.|[0022] By way of illustration, mining cryptocurrencies is a highly energy intensive process that uses high speed computers to solve complex algorithmic problems in order to record to the blockchain and receive cryptocurrency tokens. This process is needed to create new tokens and to register transactions on the blockchain.|[0023] In order to overcome the technical challenges posed by the mining of such tokens, systems and methods are described that perform predictions/estimates of carbon and/or other greenhouse emissions associated with computer operations, optionally in real time. Such computer operations may be associated with mining tokens, such as fungible or non-fungible token. The mining process may be initiated by a user that is transferring tokens to a specified destination, such as a non-profit entity.|[0024] Crypto mining may involve creating new coins, validating cryptocurrency transactions on a blockchain network, or adding cryptocurrency transactions to a distributed ledger. Crypto mining may inhibit the double-spending of digital currency on a distributed network.|[0025] In order to offset the environmental impact of greenhouse gasses that are predicted to be emitted as a result of the computer operations (e.g., mining related operations such as crypto mining processes, database recording processes, verification processes, notification processes, hosting processes, currency conversion processes, other processes described herein, and/or other processes), a carbon offset process may be initiated via a transmission by a greenhouse gas mitigation system to a greenhouse gasses offset system. It is understood that although greenhouse gasses are referred to herein by way of example, the systems and processes described herein may be utilized to predict other types of adverse environmental impacts related to the execution of computer operations and instructions, and to the offset thereof.|[0026] The prediction and offset process may optionally be initiated in response to receipt of an already minted token (e.g., provided by a donor for provision to a nonprofit charitable entity) and/or in response to a provision of a token to a recipient, such as a non-profit charitable entity, via the networked computer systems described herein.|[0027] The greenhouse gas emission prediction may be based on a variety of factors, such as the type of energy that will be or that is predicted to be used to perform the computer operations, server energy consumption for hosting and processing a token transaction, energy consumption for inter-computer communications and delivering communications related to the transaction (e.g., transmission of a receipt to the user that made a token donation to a recipient, transmission to the recipient regarding the donation, recording the transaction on a synchronized distributed database (e.g., a distributed general ledger, such as a blockchain), energy consumption for verifying funds, energy consumption for converting tokens into a government currency that is local to the recipient, and/or other computer operations).|[0028] Different cryptocurrencies may utilize different amounts of energy in the minting process. Therefore, the prediction process may adapt to the type of cryptocurrency being provided.|[0029] Data used in predicting greenhouse gas emissions may be obtained by the greenhouse gas mitigation system from a local datastore of data and/or from remote datastores. Such datastores may store in databases, among other information, information for different types of cryptocurrency, such as the estimated amount of greenhouse gasses (e.g., carbon emissions) emitted per crypto-transaction for a given type of cryptocurrency (which may optionally include the total energy of the entity that mined a given tokens as well as all the energy estimated to be consumed by other miners who were involved, but did not win, and which may optionally factor in the power source used by a given miner, such as coal, natural gas, solar, hydro, etc.), the estimated energy used per crypto-transaction for a given type of cryptocurrency, and/or the amount of different types of offsets need to offset a transaction for a given type of cryptocurrency (e.g., the number of trees needed to offset the emissions, the number of solar panels for a given period of time needed to offset the emissions, the amount of ground cover needed to offset the emissions, the amount of clean water needed to be provided to reduce a corresponding amount of wood burning for purifying water and to thereby offset the emissions, etc.). By way of further example, emissions per transaction of a given cryptocurrency may be determined using the total energy, the number of transactions, and a regional weighted electricity emission factor.|[0030] Optionally, the system may calculate a central tendency (e.g., an average or median) emissions factor per crypto-transaction, optionally per government issue currency (e.g., per dollar) equivalent (e.g., measuring, for a given cryptocurrency, one cryptocurrency conversion to one United States dollar transaction) and/or per specified cryptocurrency. Optionally, an average emissions factor may be calculated and applied to some or all crypto-transactions managed by the system in order to estimate the carbon footprint of the corresponding crypto-transactions. Optionally, the emissions factor may be a central tendency (e.g., an average or median) of a set of some or all of the cryptocurrency types supported by the system. Optionally, a recommendation may be generated for a portfolio/set of carbon offset projects (e.g., verified carbon offset projects) offered through a certification platform or other type of platform, such as the UN Climate Neutral Now platform.|[0031] For example, the number of trees needed to offset a given amount of carbon may be determined based on periodic, direct measurements of carbon in forestry stock, direct carbon flux measurements (that measures the flow of carbon into and out of a forest), and/or inventory-based carbon accounting models (e.g., C-Flow, Carbine, C-Sort, FullCAM or other carbon accounting models). By way of illustration, a carbon accounting model may estimate the carbon stock change in ecosystems including above and belowground biomass, standing and decomposing debris, and/or soil carbon resulting from land use and management activities.|[0032] Such offset may be less than, approximately the same as, or greater than the predicted carbon or other greenhouse emissions associated with the computer operations utilized in minting a token and/or other computer processes and operations. Thus, the offset may partially, wholly, or overcompensate for the carbon or other greenhouse emissions associated with the computer processes and operations.|[0033] The carbon offset may involve carbon sequestering to remove carbon for the atmosphere, where the carbon may be stored in a natural or artificial reservoir. For example, carbon sequestering may be accomplished by the planting of trees and/or other plants, using subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar (charcoal produced by pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen;), bio-energy, ocean fertilization, and/or the like. By way of example, emissions may be passed through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs the carbon dioxide. The solvent may be heated in a tower structure (sometimes referred to as a stripper or regenerator), to remove the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may be conducted to an underground storage facility. Offsets may also be accomplished by the funding of green, renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydro-electric generators. Offsets may also be accomplished by the provision of clean water via non-polluting means (e.g., clean water wells) to reduce the amount of carbon-emitting techniques (e.g., the burning of wood or coal) needed to purify water, or the funding thereof.|[0034] Thus, a portfolio of offsets, including a single offset type or a set of different offset types, may be utilized to offset the predicted greenhouse emissions resulting from computer systems processing a crypto mining operation and/or other computer operations (e.g., resulting from the execution of computer instructions, from computer cooling systems, and/or the like). Optionally, a user interface may be displayed to the user via a user device, where the user interface is populated by the disclosed system(s) with offset options from which the user can choose. Optionally, the user interface may be configured to enable the user to specify specific amounts or percentages of offset types to be used in providing greenhouse case emission offsets. For example, a user may choose to offset half of the predicted greenhouse gasses involved in processing a user donation (or other token provisioning) via the planting of trees and offset half of the greenhouse gasses via the funding of green energy sources. Optionally, the user interface may be configured to enable the user to specify other criteria to control which offsets or set of offsets are to be used. For example, the user may be enabled to specify a location (e.g., country, state, city, etc.) of a greenhouse gas reservoir that is to be funded.|[0035] The resources for funding the greenhouse gas offset may be apportioned from the tokens provided by the user, may be provided by the system operator, may be provided by a third party (e.g., a sponsor), may be provided by a governmental entity, or may otherwise be provided.|[0036] Certain aspects will now be described with reference to the figures.|[0037] FIG. 1A illustrates an example networked environment that may be utilized to practice the example processes herein. A greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may communicate via a network 100 (e.g., the Internet, an intranet, a cellular network, and/or other network) with one or more computer-based offset systems 104, 106, 108, which may optionally be operated by different entities.|[0038] For example, a given offset system may be configured to initiate greenhouse gas mitigation processes in response to a communication from the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102. A given offset system may include a network interface configured to communicate with the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 and optionally other systems via the network 100. The communication from the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may specify a funding amount, an offset type, and/or an amount of offset. Optionally, the specification of the offset type and/or amount may be provided by a third party networked computer system instead of or in addition to the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102. The third party system may provide such specification of the offset type and/or amount to the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 and/or directly to the offset system.|[0039] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may be configured to store and/or access one or more models and/or data configured to determine greenhouse gas emissions for various computer processes (such as those described herein) and/or configured to determine an amount or degree of offsets needed to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions.|[0040] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may store user data, such as user name, email address, phone number/SMS/text messaging address, physical address, historical token provision history (e.g., donations, including types of tokens donated, number of tokens donated, value of donated tokens in a government currency at the time of donation, date of donation, donation recipient, and/or the like), offset history (e.g., the amount of greenhouse emissions offset, the type of offsets, the quantity of offsets, where the offsets were implemented, and/or other offset characteristics, such as those described herein), cryptocurrency preferences (e.g., the types of cryptocurrency the user prefers and/or tends to use to make donations), offset preferences (e.g., the type of offsets the user prefers, the location (e.g., country, state, or city) that user prefers the offsets to be implemented in, and/or the like), and/or preferred token recipients (e.g., preferred charities), and/or other user information. Optionally, user preferences (e.g., offset preferences, cryptocurrency preferences, and/or recipient preferences) may be explicitly specified by the user via a preference user interface provided by the system or a dedicated application and/or may be inferred from the user's historical information (e.g., token provision history, recipient history, offset history, and/or other historical data related to transactions).|[0041] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may also be configured to store and/or access data related to the amount of greenhouse emissions for different cryptocurrencies, calculate or access calculations as to how much of one or more types of offsets are needed to offset a given processing of a cryptocurrency transaction, and/or a central tendency (e.g., an average or median) emissions factor per crypto-transaction per government issue currency. Optionally, an average emissions factor may be calculated and applied to some or all crypto-transactions managed by the system in order to estimate the carbon footprint of the corresponding crypto-transactions. Optionally, the system may generate or access a recommended portfolio/set of carbon offset projects (e.g., based on user preferences, based on offset project certifications, based on the user location, based on the offset project location, based on the amount of offsets needed, based on the cost of the offsets, and/or the like).|[0042] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may also be configured to execute in whole or in part processes described herein, to provide user interfaces described herein, to receive user data and instructions, such as those described herein, and to perform inter-computer data transfers and communications.|[0043] FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating example components of the greenhouse gas mitigation system 102. The example greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 includes an arrangement of computer hardware and software components that may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the example components may include more (or fewer) components than those depicted in FIG. 1B. The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may comprise a cloud-based computer system.|[0044] With respect to the cloud-based computer system optional implementation, the cloud-based computer system may comprise a hosted computing environment that includes a collection of physical computing resources that may be remotely accessible, located at different facilities, and may be rapidly provisioned as needed (sometimes referred to as a “cloud” computing environment). Certain data described herein may optionally be stored using a data store that may comprise a hosted storage environment that includes a collection of physical data storage devices that may be remotely accessible and may be rapidly provisioned as needed (sometimes referred to as “cloud” storage).|[0045] The greenhouse gas mitigation system 102 may include one or more processing units 120B (e.g., a general purpose processor unit (CPU) and/or a high speed graphics processor unit (GPU) to aid in processing crypto-transactions), one or more network interfaces 122B, a non-transitory computer-readable medium drive 124B, and an input/output device interface 126B, all of which may communicate with one another by way of one or more communication buses. The network interface 122B may provide services described herein with connectivity to one or more networks or computing systems (e.g., offset systems, user devices, distributed ledgers, offset computer systems, emission prediction computer systems, energy consumption prediction computer systems, etc.). The processing unit 120B may thus receive information (e.g., user data, instructions, emissions data, energy consumption data, offset data, other data disclosed herein, and other data) and instructions from other computing devices, systems, or services via a network, and may provide responsive data and/or execute instructions. The processing unit 120B may also communicate to and from non-transitory computer-readable medium drive 124B and memory 128B, and further provide output information via the input/output device interface 126B. The input/output device interface 126B may also accept input from one or more input devices, such as a keyboard, mouse, digital pen, touch screen, microphone, camera, etc.|[0046] The memory 128B may contain computer program instructions that the processing unit 1206 may execute in order to implement one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The memory 1286 generally includes RAM, ROM (and variants thereof, such as EEPROM) and/or other persistent or non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The memory 128B may store an operating system 132B that provides computer program instructions for use by the processing unit 120B in the general administration and operation of a greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B, including its components. The memory architecture may be configured so that memory 128B includes non-transitory computer-readable medium drive 1246.|[0047] The memory 1286 may store user accounts and data, such as user name, email address, phone number/SMS/text messaging address, physical address, local government currency of the user, historical token provision history (e.g., donations, including types of tokens donated, number of tokens donated, value of donated tokens in a government currency at the time of donation, and/or date of donation, and/or the like), offset history (e.g., the amount of greenhouse emissions offset, the type of offsets, the quantity of offsets, where the offsets were implemented, and/or other offset characteristics, such as those described herein), user specified or inferred cryptocurrency preferences (e.g., the types of cryptocurrency prefers and/or tends to use to make donations or other transfers), user specified or inferred offset preferences (e.g., the type of offsets the user prefers, the location (e.g., country, state, or city) that user prefers the offsets to be implemented in), and/or user specified or inferred preferred token recipients (e.g., preferred charities), and/or other user information. As disclosed elsewhere herein, user preferences may be explicitly specified by the user via a preference user interface and/or may be inferred from the user's historical information (e.g., token provision history, recipient history, offset history, and/or other historical data related to transactions).|[0048] The memory 1286 may also store data related to the amount of greenhouse emissions for different cryptocurrencies and/or other data described herein. It is understood that a given item of data may be in addition or instead be stored on non-transitory computer-readable medium drive 1248.|[0049] Some or all of the data and content discussed herein may optionally be stored in a relational database, a SQL database, a NOSQL database, or other database type. Optionally, the memory 128B may include one or more third party cloud-based storage systems. A given database may optionally cache most-likely-needed data in relatively high speed RAM but purge the data from RAM to relatively slower non-transitory storage when it is estimated that the data will not be needed in the near term. A given database may pull newly requested, but un-cached, data from non-transitory storage into RAM when needed to reply to database queries and/or for operations.|[0050] The greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B may include a GUI component that generates and/or populates graphical user interfaces and processes user inputs, such as those described herein. For example, such user interfaces may enable a user to specify user data and preferences, such as user data and preferences discussed elsewhere herein, user interfaces via which the user can specify a recipient (e.g., a donation recipient), whether certain user information is to be shared with a recipient, an amount and type of tokens or other currencies being provided/donated, and/or offset type(s) and/or offset criteria. The greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B may include a token processing component that converts tokens provided by the user into another currency (e.g., a currency issued by a government where the recipient is located) and transfer the currency to the recipient. The greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B may also convert a user-specified currency amount in a government issued currency into a token amount of a user specified token type.|[0051] A greenhouse prediction component may be configured to estimate or access an estimate of the amount of greenhouse gas emissions (and/or the creation of other pollutants) associated with processing the designated/provided cryptocurrency. For example, as disclosed elsewhere herein, the greenhouse gas emission prediction may be based on a variety of factors, such as the type of energy that will be or that is predicted to be used to perform the computer operations, energy consumption for cooling computer systems and associated facilities, server energy consumption for hosting and processing a token transaction, energy consumption for delivering communications related to the transaction, (e.g., transmission of a receipt to the user that made a token donation to a recipient, transmission to the recipient regarding the donation), energy consumption for recording the transaction on a synchronized distributed database (e.g., a distributed general ledger, such as a blockchain), energy consumption for verifying funds, and/or energy consumption for converting tokens into a government currency that is local to the recipient. The prediction may utilize a datastore that includes estimates of greenhouse gas emissions for a given transaction for different types of cryptocurrencies.|[0052] A greenhouse offset component may be configured to determine and/or recommend one or more offset types and quantities to offset the predicted greenhouse gas emissions. For example, as disclosed herein, one or more carbon accounting models may be utilized in determining a quantity of a given offset type (e.g., a number of trees) needed to offset the predicted emissions. The greenhouse offset component may specify a set of different types of offsets to offset the predicted emissions (e.g., tree planting, agriculture, artificial extraction of carbon from the atmosphere, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, and/or the like). For example, carbon sequestering may be accomplished by the planting of trees and/or other plants, using subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar (charcoal produced by pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen;), bio-energy, ocean fertilization, or the like. By way of example, emissions may be passed through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs the carbon dioxide. The solvent may be heated in a tower structure (sometimes referred to as a stripper or regenerator, to remove the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may be conducted to an underground storage facility. Offsets may also be accomplished by the funding of green, renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydro-electric generator.|[0053] The memory 128B may include an interface module 130B. The interface module 130B can be configured to facilitate generating one or more interfaces through which a compatible computing device may send to, or receive data and/or instructions from the greenhouse gas emission mitigation module 134B.|[0054] Referring now to FIG. 2, an example greenhouse gas emission determination and offset process is illustrated. The process may be executed in whole or in part by the systems and devices disclosed herein (e.g., the greenhouse gas emission mitigation system, and/or one or more offset systems, and/or one or more user devices).|[0055] At block 202 a token provision initiation process indication is received. For example, the token provision initiation process indication may optionally be received from a dedicated application hosted on a user device (e.g., an application specifically configured to enable a user to make donations to a specified recipient), via a webpage (e.g., hosted on a webserver) presented on the user device by a browser, or otherwise. The indication may indicate that the user has accessed the dedicated application or webpage. Optionally, the indication may be received in association with user authentication data (e.g., a user identifier and/or password). Optionally, a user account record, if such exists, may be accessed from memory. Data from the user account record may be retrieved and used to populate a user interface on the user device. For example, the user name, historical recipients and/or favorite recipients (where the user may have designated certain recipients as favorites so that they will be more prominently display and/or easily accessed), types of tokens previously provided by the user, amounts of tokens previously provided by the user, and/or other user data disclosed herein may be used to populate the user interface for display to the user.|[0056] At block 204, a specification of a token type (e.g., BITCOIN, ETHEREUM, TETHER, BNB, USD COIN, XRP, TERRA, DOGECOIN, BINANCE, ETC.), a quantity of tokens (which may include a fractional amount), and/or a recipient is received from the user device (e.g., via the user interface), where the user is requesting a transfer corresponding to the tokens to the recipient. For example, the user interface may include a menu of token types from which the user may select (e.g., those supported by the system), a field or menu configured to receive a token quantity user specification, a field or menu configured to receive a user recipient designation. Optionally, the specific quantity and type of cryptocurrency being used may be specified via a unique identifier, a transaction ID, and/or the like, that is then looked up in a record or table that identifies the corresponding token type and quantity. Optionally, the user may specify the amount to be provided to the user in a government currency rather than in tokens, and the system may convert that amount to a corresponding amount in the user specified cryptocurrency. The user interface may also enable the user to specify a cryptocurrency wallet or platform from which the specified amount may be transferred.|[0057] At block 206, one or more local and/or remote data stores may be accessed that includes data providing an estimate of how much energy will be consumed by processing all or a portion of the transaction. For example, energy consumption data may be accessed for different aspects of a token transaction process, such as for different aspects of the process illustrated in FIG. 2. The aspects of the transaction may include crypto mining processes, database recording processes, verification processes, notification processes, hosting processes, currency conversion processes, other processes described herein, and/or other processes.|[0058] By way of illustration, transactions in a blockchain network are grouped into blocks that are linked together to form a chain of blocks. A block is a container including transaction details. A block include primary attribute fields, such as a previous hash (the value of the hash of the previous block, which is used to link blocks), data (the aggregated set of transactions that were mined and validated and included in the block), a nonce (a random value used to vary the output of the hash value), and a hash (the value obtained by passing the previous hash value, the data and the nonce through the SHA-256 algorithm which acts is the digital signature of the block). SHA-256 is a cryptographic hash algorithm that produces a unique 256-bit alphanumeric hash value for a given input.|[0059] Blockchain transactions are stored in chronological order marked by timestamps and hash functions. Records stored in the blockchain network are permanent and immutable, where a record or transaction added to the blockchain cannot be modified or altered, so that transactions are protected from hacking. The crypto mining process may include energy-intensive computer-implemented operations configured to solve complex cryptographic hash puzzles to verify blocks of transactions that are updated on a synchronized distributed database (e.g., a decentralized blockchain ledger).|[0060] At block 208, a prediction of greenhouse emissions associated with the estimated energy consumption may be generated. For example, the prediction may be accessed from a data store and/or generated, optionally in real time, using one or more models (e.g., carbon footprint estimation models). For example, a model may take into account the emissions resulting from the activities of cryptocurrency miners in utilizing computational resources (and related activities, such as air conditioning) to verify crypto-transactions as well as the emissions resulting from the activities of the greenhouse gas emission mitigation system, the offset systems, and/or .user devices.|[0061] The model may take into account the type of cryptocurrency validation performed. For example, Proof of Work (PoW) validation may result in higher energy consumption as compared to Proof of Stake (PoS) validation. Further, the type of validation may be used in predicting the amount of associated E-waste (e.g., discarded electrical or electronic devices). By way of illustration, cryptocurrencies that rely on Proof of Work validation tend to cause more E-waste. In Proof of Work validation, the first miner to solve (typically using specialized computing equipment) a cryptographic puzzle (finding a target hash) gets to add a block of transactions and earn corresponding rewards. In Proof of Stake validation, mining is not performed. Instead, currency owners stake their cryptocoins and the protocol randomly selects a validator who adds a block and earns rewards.|[0062] Optionally, the prediction may take into account the locations or predicted locations of the systems and devices whose activities are included in the greenhouse emission predictions. Using the locations, the average emissions may be estimated based on the electricity generation mix for a local electricity grid. For example, certain locations may be more likely to utilize highly polluting energy sources (e.g., coal) and certain locations may utilize less polluting energy sources (e.g., solar or hydro energy). Optionally, current profitability of mining may be taken into account in the greenhouse emission prediction. For example, a correlation has been identified, wherein the larger the profitability of mining (i.e., increased value of cryptocurrency), the higher the likelihood of market participants using suboptimal power efficiency (e.g., high energy consuming dated equipment). Different Optionally, the predicted emissions may be reduced based on green electricity purchases, renewable energy power purchase agreements, and/or renewable energy certificates associated with one or more of the systems and devices.|[0063] Optionally, the process does not estimate how much energy will be consumed by processing the transaction, but directly determines or accesses a prediction of greenhouse emissions associated with processing the transaction (which may have been generated using an energy consumption estimate).|[0064] At block 210, one or more local and/or remote emissions offset datastores may be accessed, and emission offset data may be retrieved (e.g., over a network). For example, the emission offset data may indicate the number of trees (which may include a fractional amount, such as 0.1 trees) needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas (e.g., carbon dioxide) emissions. By way of further example, the emission offset data may indicate the number of methane digesters (used to manage livestock waste) needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas (e.g., carbon dioxide) emissions. By way of yet further example, the emission offset data may indicate the amount of cover crops are needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas emissions. By way of still further example, the emission offset data may indicate how many solar, wind or hydro devices (which may include a fractional amount) are needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas emissions. By way of additional example, the emission offset data may indicate how many clean water wells are needed to offset a specified amount of greenhouse gas emissions (where the use of clear water wells in poor countries may reduce the need to burn wood and coal to boil and purify water).|[0065] Thus, an offset may represent an actual net reduction in emissions, an offset may result in a permanent reduction of emissions, and/or an offset may be registered and tracked to ensure it is not double-sold. An offset may be quantifiable where the offset project emission reductions can be quantified in tons of CO2 equivalent or other units of measurement. An offset may be selected via a governmental or non-governmental entity program. For example, an offset may be selected using the United Nations Climate Neutral Now program. Through this program, organizations invest in Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from the United Nations Carbon Offset Platform. The CERs are generated from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, which are located in developing countries. These projects, currently earn 1 CER for each ton of greenhouse emissions they reduce or avoid, and are measured in CO2e (Carbon dioxide equivalent).|[0066] At block 212, a portfolio of one or more offset types/sources may be selected sufficient to offset some, all, or in excess of the estimated greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the portfolio may include one or more of the offset types described herein. One or more factors may be utilized in determining the portfolio. For example, a rule may specify a percentage of the predicted greenhouse gas emissions that will be offset. Another rule may specify one or more locations where offsets are to be provided. User specified preferences may be utilized in selecting the types and locations of the offsets. As discussed elsewhere herein, optionally user may be enabled to specify preferred offset types and/or locations, and such preferences may be stored in a user record.|[0067] At block 214, offset instructions may be transmitted (e.g., over a network) to one or more offset computer systems configured to cause the offsets to be implemented. Optionally, the process may determine the source of funding for a given offset and transfer such funding to the offset implementer. For example, the funding may offset may be provided by the user providing the tokens (e.g., apportioned from the tokens provided by the user), may be provided by the system operator, may be provided by a third party (e.g., a sponsor), may be provided by a governmental entity, or may otherwise be provided.|[0068] At block 216, the tokens provided by the user may be converted to a currency local to the recipient, and the local currency may be transferred to an account associated with the recipient. Optionally, the tokens may be transferred to an account (e.g., a wallet) associated with the recipient, without the conversion to a local currency.|[0069] At block 218, the transfer and/or other aspects of the transaction may optionally be recorded on a distributed synchronized database (e.g., a distributed general ledger, such as a blockchain). At block 220, one or more communications may be generated and transmitted over a network to one or more recipients. For example, an electronic receipt may be generated and transmitted to the user (e.g., via email, messaging service, document download, or otherwise) that indicates the amount and type of tokens provided by the user, the value of the tokens in a government issued currency (e.g., the local currency of the user and/or of the recipient), the identity of the recipient, and/or the amount and/or types of offsets initiated. By way of further example, a communication may be generated and transmitted to the recipient, including the name of the user, the user's electronic address (e.g., email address, messaging service address, and/or other address), the amount and type of tokens provided to the recipient, the value of the tokens in a government issued currency (e.g., the local currency of the user and/or of the recipient), and/or the amount and/or types of offsets initiated. Optionally, the user may be enabled to opt-out of having certain information provided to the recipient (e.g., name, email address, phone number, and/or the like) so as to enhance the user's privacy.|[0070] Certain example user interfaces will now be described with reference to the figures.|[0071] FIG. 3A illustrates an example user interface that may optionally be accessed by a user without having an account with the mitigation system and without logging in. Fields are provided via which the user may specify the user's first name, last name, and electronic address (e.g., email address, although in addition or instead, a mobile phone number field may be provided). A control is provided via which the user may inhibit the system from providing the user's name and/or electronic address to the recipient (e.g., a nonprofit organization).|[0072] FIG. 3B illustrates a user interface via which the user may enter a contribution amount, select an online cryptocurrency platform (that enables buying, selling, transferring, and storing cryptocurrency), specify a cryptocurrency type, and specify an amount to be provided to the recipient (specified as a government issued currency amount or as a cryptocurrency amount). Where the user specifies an amount in a government issued currency, the system may automatically convert the government issued currency amount to an amount in the specified cryptocurrency, and the user interface may display both the government issued currency amount and the cryptocurrency amount. The system may calculate or select a network fee associated with the cryptocurrency transaction and cause the user interface to display the network fee in the government issued currency amount and/or the cryptocurrency amount. A total of the user specified amount and the network amount may be calculated and displayed via the user interface in the government issued currency amount and/or the cryptocurrency amount.|[0073] Optionally, a field or menu may be provided via which the user may specify the recipient. Optionally, the recipient is pre-specified, such as may be the case if the user accesses the recipient's website and access the user interface illustrated in FIG. 3B (or the like) via the recipient's website.|[0074] Although the foregoing examples describe the prediction and offsets of greenhouse gas emissions in the context of the cryptocurrency transactions, the processes may similarly be used to offset other computer operations, such as artificial intelligence/learning engine training (e.g., the training of algorithms that parse data and learn from the data to make informed decisions, deep neural networks, deep belief networks, deep reinforcement learning, recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks, classification and regression trees, and/or the like).|[0075] A prediction model may estimate energy consumption (and the resulting greenhouse emissions) as a function of computer run time, the number, type and process time of computing cores (central processing units and/or graphic processing units), the amount and type of memory utilized (e.g., the number of read/write operations to RAM and/or magnetic memory) and the power utilization of these resources. The prediction model may in addition input the energy utilized in ancillary functions, such as for air conditioning, heating, lighting, and/or the like.|[0076] Thus, systems and methods are described configured to predict an amount of energy consumed by various types of computer-implemented operations, predict associated greenhouse gas emissions, determine an offset portfolio, and cause the greenhouse gas emission offsets to be initiated, optionally utilizing multicomputer data transfers|[0077] The methods and processes described herein may have fewer or additional steps or states and the steps or states may be performed in a different order. Not all steps or states need to be reached. The methods and processes described herein may be embodied in, and fully or partially automated via, software code modules executed by one or more general purpose computers. The code modules may be stored in any type of computer-readable medium or other computer storage device. Some or all of the methods may alternatively be embodied in whole or in part in specialized computer hardware. The systems described herein may optionally include displays, user input devices (e.g., touchscreen, keyboard, mouse, voice recognition, etc.), network interfaces, etc.|[0078] The results of the disclosed methods may be stored in any type of computer data repository, such as relational databases and flat file systems that use volatile and/or non-volatile memory (e.g., magnetic disk storage, optical storage, EEPROM and/or solid state RAM).|[0079] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, routines, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. The described functionality can be implemented in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the disclosure.|[0080] Moreover, the various illustrative logical blocks and modules described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented or performed by a machine, such as a general purpose processor device, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor device can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor device can be a controller, microcontroller, or state machine, combinations of the same, or the like. A processor device can include electrical circuitry configured to process computer-executable instructions. In another embodiment, a processor device includes an FPGA or other programmable device that performs logic operations without processing computer-executable instructions. A processor device can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Although described herein primarily with respect to digital technology, a processor device may also include primarily analog components. A computing environment can include any type of computer system, including, but not limited to, a computer system based on a microprocessor, a mainframe computer, a digital signal processor, a portable computing device, a device controller, or a computational engine within an appliance, to name a few.|[0081] The elements of a method, process, routine, or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor device, or in a combination of the two. A software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, other solid state memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. An exemplary storage medium can be coupled to the processor device such that the processor device can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to the processor device. The processor device and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor device and the storage medium can reside as discrete components in a user terminal.|[0082] Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “may,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without other input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.|[0083] Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.|[0084] While the phrase “click” may be used with respect to a user selecting a control, menu selection, or the like, other user inputs may be used, such as voice commands, text entry, gestures, etc. User inputs may, by way of example, be provided via an interface, such as via text fields, wherein a user enters text, and/or via a menu selection (e.g., a drop down menu, a list or other arrangement via which the user can check via a check box or otherwise make a selection or selections, a group of individually selectable icons, etc.). When the user provides an input or activates a control, a corresponding computing system may perform the corresponding operation. Some or all of the data, inputs and instructions provided by a user may optionally be stored in a system data store (e.g., a database), from which the system may access and retrieve such data, inputs, and instructions. The notifications/alerts and user interfaces described herein may be provided via a Web page, a dedicated or non-dedicated phone application, computer application, an operating system, a short messaging service message (e.g., SMS, MMS, etc.), instant messaging, email, push notification, audibly, a pop-up interface, and/or otherwise.|[0085] The user terminals described herein may be in the form of a mobile communication device (e.g., a cell phone), laptop, tablet computer, interactive television, game console, media streaming device, head-wearable display, networked watch, etc. The user terminals may optionally include displays, user input devices (e.g., touchscreen, keyboard, mouse, voice recognition, etc.), network interfaces, etc.|[0086] While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various embodiments, it can be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the devices or algorithms illustrated can be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. As can be recognized, certain embodiments described herein can be embodied within a form that does not provide all of the features and benefits set forth herein, as some features can be used or practiced separately from others. The scope of certain embodiments disclosed herein is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. | Family Number|(103004159)|103004159|Independent Claims|(US20230324975 A1)| (...) distributed networked computer systems, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of trees and/or other plants, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiate the determined set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the estimated emission amount related (...) | (...) networked computer systems to be determined, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of an organism, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiate the determined set of one or more emission offsets, corresponding to the predicted emission footprint (...) | (...) networked computer systems to be determined, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of an organism, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiating the determined set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the predicted emission footprint (...) |(US11874720 B2)| (...) distributed networked computer systems, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of trees and/or other plants, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiate the determined set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the estimated emission amount related (...) | (...) networked computer systems to be determined, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of an organism, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiate the determined set of one or more emission offsets, corresponding to the predicted emission footprint (...) | (...) networked computer systems to be determined, the set of one or more emission offsets comprising sequestering to remove carbon dioxide for an atmosphere via: planting of an organism, subsurface saline aquifers, peat bogs, bio-energy, biochar, ocean fertilization, and/or passing emissions through a vessel with a liquid solvent that absorbs carbon dioxide and conducting the carbon dioxide; and initiating the determined set of one or more emission offsets corresponding to the predicted emission footprint (...) | | Computer technology | G06F-001/32/34|G06Q-010/04|G06Q-030/02/01|G06Q-030/02/79|G06Q-040/04|G06Q-050/06|G06Q-2220/00 | G06F-001/32/34|G06Q-010/04|G06Q-030/02/01|G06Q-030/02/79|G06Q-040/04|G06Q-050/06|G06Q-2220/00 | G06F-001/32|G06F-001/3234 | G06F-001/32|G06F-001/3234 | WO2024250235|US12580816|US12118572|US20240161190|CN116485210B|CN116307298B|IT202300007761|US11874720|US20250266996 | WO2024250235 112569010 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US12580816 114969279 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US12118572 104812762 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20240161190 109704257 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN116485210B 105871149 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN116307298B 105460594 WHO=Examiner 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US20220004926|US20090313145; US20100107171; US20120053925; US20160034910; US20200073466; US8470275; US8595020; US20100030608; US20150372539; US20170151917; US20170358041; US20190075686; US20210192619; US20220004926 | (US11874720)|Examiner references|-“Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index,” Digiconomist, retrieved from https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption/, printed on May 25, 2022, in 6 pages.|-Nic Carter, “How Much Energy Does Bitcoin Actually Consume?” Harvard Business Review, retrieved from https://hbr.org/2021/05/how-much-energy-does-bitcoin-actually-consume, printed on May 25, 2022, in 6 pages.||(US11531387)|Applicant references|-“Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index,” Digiconomist, retrieved from https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption/, printed on May 25, 2022, in 6 pages.|-Nic Carter, “How Much Energy Does Bitcoin Actually Consume?” Harvard Business Review, retrieved from https://hbr.org/2021/05/how-much-energy-does-bitcoin-actually-consume, printed on May 25, 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Technologies, Inc. , CITY=Venice , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US , ATYP=US Company|(US20230324975)|NAME=Pledgeling Technologies, Inc. , CITY=Venice , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US11531387)|NAME=Pledgeling Technologies, Inc. , CITY=Venice , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US , ATYP=US Company | (US11874720)|NAME=Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear LLP|(US11531387)|NAME=Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear LLP | (US11874720)|US; US; US; US; US; US|(US20230324975)|US; US; US; US; US; US|(US11531387)|US; US; US; US; US; US | (US11874720)|NAME=Citron James F., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Yorke Gregory C., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Forsyth Paul, CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Meng Annie, CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Sung Alex S., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Nordstrom Anna N., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20230324975)|NAME=Citron James F., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Yorke Gregory C., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Forsyth Paul, CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Meng Annie, CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Sung Alex S., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Nordstrom Anna N., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US11531387)|NAME=Citron James F., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Yorke Gregory C., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Forsyth Paul, CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Meng Annie, CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Sung Alex S., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Nordstrom Anna N., CITY=Venice, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US | Titre: (US11874720)|Methods and systems for real time carbon emission determination incurred by execution of computer processes and the offset thereof Résumé: (US11874720)|Methods and systems are configured for real time determination of effects incurred by execution of computer processes of networked computer systems and the generation of offsets thereof. A prediction module may be configured to predict the amount of energy utilized by the execution of computer processes by networked computer systems and predict an associated carbon footprint. Methods and systems are configured to determine a selection of offsets and initiate the same via a network communication to remote computer systems. | 7.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon emissions from computer processes and their offsets, with no mention of ocean fertilization or related topics. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | CN202511903962 | CN202511903962 | CN121653036 | 118094420 | CN121653036 A 2026-03-13 [CN121653036] | 2025-12-17 | 2025-12-17 | 2026-03-13 | (CN121653036)|2045-12-17 | (CN121653036)|Application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron-deficiency seawater | (CN121653036)|The invention discloses an application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron-deficiency seawater. Belongs to the technical field of ocean fertilization. The application method of the invention comprises the step of applying iron intercalated montmorillonite into the iron-deficient seawater containing diatoms, wherein the iron-deficient seawater is seawater with the concentration of iron elements lower than 0.3 nM. The method can overcome the limitation of silicate and the deficiency of iron element in seawater, obviously increase the proliferation capability of diatom in the iron-deficiency seawater, improve the primary productivity and carbon content of the diatom, and increase the carbon flux of the diatom output to the deep sea. | GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | (CN121653036)|GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN]) | WANG XU|LIU DONG|YU RONGDA|SHEN YUGUO|HUO GUANGCHENG|LIU ZHIMING|LIU HAO | (CN121653036)|WANG XU|LIU DONG|YU RONGDA|SHEN YUGUO|HUO GUANGCHENG|LIU ZHIMING|LIU HAO | (CN121653036)|YANG Jin;CHENGDU BOLING ZHONGCHENG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 51340 | (CN121653036)|Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a new ocean iron fertilization method capable of overcoming the double bottlenecks of silicate limitation and iron element deficiency, so as to stably and efficiently enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the biological pump in the global iron-deficiency sea area and provide reliable technical support for coping with climate change.|The application method of the invention can promote the proliferation burst of the iron-deficiency diatom which is limited in growth due to the deficiency of iron element in the iron-deficiency seawater through the application of the iron intercalated montmorillonite, and culture the diatom through the iron intercalated montmorillonite as an iron source, thereby enhancing the primary productivity and carbon fixation capability of the diatom, increasing the carbon flux output to the deep sea, and improving the primary productivity (represented by chlorophyll a content) of the marine diatom by more than 20 percent compared with the diatom cultured by liquid iron|The method has the obvious limitations that (1) silicate is deficient in part of the iron-deficient sea area, so that diatom growth is limited even if iron elements are supplemented, dominant species cannot be formed, and carbon output is limited, and (2) liquid iron is easy to diffuse and dilute rapidly along with ocean current after being applied to the ocean, so that effective concentration is difficult to maintain, and the continuous promotion effect of the liquid iron on the diatom growth is influenced.| | (CN121653036)|1. An application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom explosion in iron-deficient seawater comprises the steps of applying the iron intercalated montmorillonite into the iron-deficient seawater containing diatoms, wherein the iron-deficient seawater is seawater with the concentration of iron elements being lower than 0.3nM, and the iron intercalated montmorillonite is obtained through the following steps: (1) Adding sodium carbonate and/or hydrated sodium carbonate into an aqueous solution of ferric salt, fully mixing to form a reddish brown semitransparent state, and then aging at room temperature to obtain an iron pillared solution; (2) Adding montmorillonite into water, and heating to swell to obtain montmorillonite suspension; (3) Slowly dripping the iron column support liquid into the montmorillonite suspension, heating and mixing, continuously mixing for a certain time after dripping, aging at room temperature, and sequentially performing solid-liquid separation, solid drying and grinding to obtain the iron intercalated montmorillonite. | | (CN121653036)|Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel ocean iron fertilization method capable of overcoming the double bottleneck of silicate limitation and iron element deletion, which can remarkably increase the proliferation capability of diatom in iron-deficiency seawater, promote the primary productivity and carbon content of diatom and increase the carbon flux of diatom output to deep sea.|The invention discloses an application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron-deficiency seawater.|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean fertilization, in particular to application of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron-deficiency seawater.| | (CN121653036)|IRON INTERCALATED MONTMORILLONITE(100,40)|PROMOTING DIATOM ERUPTION(100,3)|IRON DEFICIENCY SEA(100,1)|IRON DEFICIENT SEAWATER(39,15)|DIATOM PROLIFERATION CAPABILITY(38,2)|PROMOTING DIATOM EXPLOSION(33,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(31,2)|IRON DEFICIENCY SEAWATER(30,16)|MONTMORILLONITE SUSPENSION(30,10)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(29,2)|SILICATE LIMITATION(26,3)|DIATOM GROWTH(23,3)|PROLIFERATION CAPABILITY(23,2)|REDDISH BROWN SEMITRANSPARENT(23,2)|IRON INTERCALATED MONTMORILLONITE CONCENTRATE(22,5)|MARINE DIATOM(19,2)|DIATOM CARBON FIXATION CAPABILITY(18,1)|DIATOM(17,13)|DIATOM CARBON CONTENT(16,4)|GLOBAL IRON DEFICIENCY(16,1)|ADDING MONTMORILLONITE(15,2)|IRON PILLARED SOLUTION(15,2)|DIAMOND ALGAE(15,1)|DIATOM OUTPUT(14,2)|DOUBLE BOTTLE(14,1)|SEAWATER(13,11)|IRON DEFICIENCY DIATOM(13,6)|IRON ELEMENT DEFICIENCY(13,1)|IRON ELEMENT DELETION(13,1)|PROMOTION(13,1)|SODIUM MONTMORILLONITE(13,1)|LIQUID IRON(12,5)|DIATOM OUTPUT CARBON FLUX(12,2)|CALCIUM MONTMORILLONITE(11,4)|SODIUM CARBONATE HYDRATION(11,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(11,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(10,7)|CARBON FIXATION CAPABILITY(10,1)|IRON PROP SOLUTION PH(10,1)|AGING(9,6)|IRON COLUMN(9,4)|IRON PILLARED LIQUID(9,2)|PROLIFERATION(9,2)|CARBON CONTENT(8,7)|CARBON FLUX(8,3)|DRIP(8,3)|FERRIC SALT(8,3)|REDDISH BROWN(8,3)|OCEAN CURRENT(8,2)|SODIUM CARBONATE ADDITION(8,2)|SOLID DRYING(8,2)|SPRAY TOOL(8,2)|DOMINANT SPECIES(8,1)|CHLOROPHYL(7,10)|SEA(7,4)|AQUEOUS SOLUTION(7,3)|IRON INTERCALATION MONTMORILLONITE(7,2)|IRON SOURCE(7,1)|CULTURE(6,5)|IRON SALT(6,4)|DIATOM ERUPTION(6,3)|SILICATE(6,3)|CHAETOCERO(6,2)|CHLORELLA(6,2)|MOLAR RATIO(6,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,5)|MONTMORILLONITE CONCENTRATED SOLUTION(5,5)|CARBON FIXATION(5,2)|CARBON FLUX OUTPUT(5,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE(5,1)|DIATOM ALGAE ROLE(5,1)|MONTMORILLONITE INTERLAYER CATION(5,1)|RELIABLE TECHNICAL SUPPORT(5,1)|MIXED CULTURE SOLUTION(4,11)|ROOM TEMPERATURE(4,9)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,5)|CULTURE FLASK(4,4)|FERRIC CHLORIDE(4,2)|HEAT SWELLING TEMPERATURE(4,2)|IRON DEFICIENT SEA AREA(4,2)|IRON DEFICIENT SEAWATER SURFACE(4,2)|SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION(4,2)|DIATOM PROLIFERATION(4,1)|HEAT MIXING TEMPERATURE(4,1)|ROOM TEMPERATURE AGING(4,1)|SOLID DRYING TEMPERATURE(4,1)|SEA AREA(3,7)|ILLUMINATION PERIOD(3,5)|STERILE CONDITION(3,4)|CULTURE BROTH(3,3)|CARBON OUTPUT(3,1)|DIATOM ERECTION(3,1)|EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION(3,1)|IRON DEFICIENT DIATOM CULTURE(3,1)|IRON DEFICIENT SEAWATER NUTRIENT(3,1)|IRREPLACEABLE ROLE(3,1)|NAVICULAR ALGAE(3,1)|PROMOTING DIATOM GROWTH(3,1)|STEAM STERILIZATION(3,1)|SIMULATED SYSTEM LIQUID(2,4)|ILLUMINATION CYCLE(2,2)|IRON INTERCALATION CONCENTRATED SOLUTION(2,2)|ADDED IRON INTERCALATED MONTMORILLONITE(2,1)|BIOAVAILABLE IRON(2,1)|CALCIUM SMECTITE(2,1)|COOLED SEAWATER(2,1)|DIATOM CARBON FIXATION CAPACITY(2,1)|DIATOM CONTENT(2,1)|GLOBAL CLIMATE REGULATION(2,1)|HEAT SWELLING TIME(2,1)|ILLUMINATION INTENSITY CULTURE CONDITION(2,1)|IRON DEFICIENCY SEAWATER PH(2,1)|KEY BIOTICS(2,1)|LAND CARBON RESERVOIR(2,1)|METHANOL EXTRACTION(2,1)|MICROBIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP(2,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|SODIUM SMECTITE(2,1)|UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY(2,1)|DIATOM NUMBER(1,4)|ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER(1,2)|MICROSCOPE(1,2)| | (CN121653036)|1. An application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom explosion in iron-deficient seawater comprises the steps of applying the iron intercalated montmorillonite into the iron-deficient seawater containing diatoms, wherein the iron-deficient seawater is seawater with the concentration of iron elements being lower than 0.3nM, and the iron intercalated montmorillonite is obtained through the following steps:| (1) Adding sodium carbonate and/or hydrated sodium carbonate into an aqueous solution of ferric salt, fully mixing to form a reddish brown semitransparent state, and then aging at room temperature to obtain an iron pillared solution; | (2) Adding montmorillonite into water, and heating to swell to obtain montmorillonite suspension; | (3) Slowly dripping the iron column support liquid into the montmorillonite suspension, heating and mixing, continuously mixing for a certain time after dripping, aging at room temperature, and sequentially performing solid-liquid separation, solid drying and grinding to obtain the iron intercalated montmorillonite. |2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the iron salt is selected from ferric nitrate and/or ferric chloride, and/or the montmorillonite is selected from calcium-based montmorillonite and/or sodium-based montmorillonite.|3. The method of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of sodium carbonate and/or sodium carbonate hydrate to ferric salt in the iron prop solution is 0.5-2.5:1, and the pH of the iron prop solution is less than 2.|4. The method of claim 1, wherein the room temperature aging is carried out for 20-24 hours, and/or the heat swelling temperature is 50-70 ℃, and/or the heat swelling time is 1.5-2.5 hours, and/or the heat mixing temperature is 50-70 ℃, and/or the mixing continuing time is 1.5-2.5 hours, and/or the solid drying temperature is 40-50 ℃.|5. The method of claim 1, wherein the montmorillonite suspension has a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:45-55g/mL.|6. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the iron pillared liquid to the montmorillonite suspension is 1-2:1.|7. The method of claim 1, wherein the diatom is selected from one or more of the group consisting of Hakka, chaetoceros, diamond-type algae, chlorella, and navicular.|8. The method of claim 1, wherein the iron intercalated montmorillonite is applied to the iron deficient seawater at a concentration of 10-50mg/L.|9. The application method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:| (1) Adding the iron intercalated montmorillonite into seawater, and preparing to obtain iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate with a concentration of 10-50 g/L; | (2) And uniformly spraying the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution on the surface of the iron-deficient seawater through a spraying tool. |10. The method of claim 9, wherein the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate is sprayed in an amount of 1L per 0.2826m 2 sea area. | (CN121653036)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean fertilization, in particular to application of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron-deficiency seawater.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean is used as an active carbon reservoir with the largest model on the earth, stores about 93% of carbon dioxide worldwide, has the carbon storage amount of about 20 times of that of a land carbon reservoir and 50 times of that of an atmosphere carbon reservoir, and plays an irreplaceable role in global climate regulation. The ocean carbon sequestration is mainly realized by biological pumps, solubility pumps, carbonate pumps, micro-biological carbon pumps and other mechanisms, wherein the biological pumps are one of the most important carbon sink ways for the ocean, and can deliver carbon exceeding 10 Gt C a –1 to the deep ocean every year, which is important for the long-term carbon sequestration of the ocean. Marine diatoms are key biotics driving biological pumps, whose number and variety are large in phytoplankton ratio, and through efficient photosynthesis, can fix about 1 x10 12 kg of carbon dioxide per year, contributing to primary productivity of 40% or more and about 20% of carbon sequestration throughout the world, and are central in the marine carbon cycle.|[0003] Based on the important role of diatom algae, there have been studies attempting to enhance the carbon output of biological pumps by promoting diatom growth by applying liquid iron to iron-deficient sea areas to slow down global warming. However, in the large iron fertilization experiments that have been conducted, significant proliferation of diatoms and an increase in carbon output flux were observed only in iron deficient seas where the silicate was abundant. The method has the obvious limitations that (1) silicate is deficient in part of the iron-deficient sea area, so that diatom growth is limited even if iron elements are supplemented, dominant species cannot be formed, and carbon output is limited, and (2) liquid iron is easy to diffuse and dilute rapidly along with ocean current after being applied to the ocean, so that effective concentration is difficult to maintain, and the continuous promotion effect of the liquid iron on the diatom growth is influenced.|[0004] Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a new ocean iron fertilization method capable of overcoming the double bottlenecks of silicate limitation and iron element deficiency, so as to stably and efficiently enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the biological pump in the global iron-deficiency sea area and provide reliable technical support for coping with climate change.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel ocean iron fertilization method capable of overcoming the double bottleneck of silicate limitation and iron element deletion, which can remarkably increase the proliferation capability of diatom in iron-deficiency seawater, promote the primary productivity and carbon content of diatom and increase the carbon flux of diatom output to deep sea.|[0006] The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:| An application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom explosion in iron-deficient seawater comprises the steps of applying the iron intercalated montmorillonite into the iron-deficient seawater containing diatoms, wherein the iron-deficient seawater is seawater with the concentration of iron elements being lower than 0.3nM, and the iron intercalated montmorillonite is obtained through the following steps: | (1) Adding sodium carbonate and/or hydrated sodium carbonate into an aqueous solution of ferric salt, fully mixing to form a reddish brown semitransparent state, and then aging at room temperature to obtain an iron pillared solution; | (2) Adding montmorillonite into water, and heating to swell to obtain montmorillonite suspension; | (3) Slowly dripping the iron column support liquid into the montmorillonite suspension, heating and mixing, continuously mixing for a certain time after dripping, aging at room temperature, and sequentially performing solid-liquid separation, solid drying and grinding to obtain the iron intercalated montmorillonite. |[0007] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the iron salt is selected from ferric nitrate and/or ferric chloride.|[0008] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the smectite is selected from calcium-based smectite and/or sodium-based smectite.|[0009] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the molar ratio of sodium carbonate and/or hydrated sodium carbonate to iron salt in the iron prop liquid is 0.5-2.5:1, the pH of the iron prop liquid being <2.|[0010] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the room temperature ageing is carried out for a period of 20-24 hours.|[0011] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the heat swelling is 50-70 ℃.|[0012] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the time of thermal swelling is 1.5-2.5h.|[0013] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the heated mixture is 50-70 ℃.|[0014] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the time for continuing mixing is from 1.5 to 2.5 hours.|[0015] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the solid is dried at a temperature of 40-50 ℃.|[0016] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the montmorillonite suspension has a solid to liquid ratio of 1:45-55g/mL.|[0017] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the volume ratio of the iron pillared liquid to the montmorillonite suspension is 1-2:1.|[0018] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the diatom is selected from one or more of the group consisting of seaweed, chaetoceros, diamond-shaped algae, chlorella, navicular algae.|[0019] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the iron intercalated montmorillonite is applied in the iron deficient seawater at a concentration of 10-50mg/L.|[0020] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the application method comprises:| (1) Adding the iron intercalated montmorillonite into seawater, and preparing to obtain iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate with a concentration of 10-50 g/L; | (2) And uniformly spraying the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution on the surface of the iron-deficient seawater through a spraying tool. |[0021] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate is sprayed in an amount of 1L per 0.2826m 2 sea area.|[0022] The application method of the invention can promote the proliferation burst of the iron-deficiency diatom which is limited in growth due to the deficiency of iron element in the iron-deficiency seawater through the application of the iron intercalated montmorillonite, and culture the diatom through the iron intercalated montmorillonite as an iron source, thereby enhancing the primary productivity and carbon fixation capability of the diatom, increasing the carbon flux output to the deep sea, and improving the primary productivity (represented by chlorophyll a content) of the marine diatom by more than 20 percent compared with the diatom cultured by liquid iron|In the application method, in the process of preparing the iron intercalated montmorillonite, iron can replace interlayer cations of the montmorillonite and stably exist among the montmorillonite so that the iron can replace liquid iron to provide sufficient and sustainable iron sources for diatoms, and meanwhile, in the preparation process, the montmorillonite is exposed in surface active sites through long-time strong acid and heating environment, and silicon in a lamellar structure is more easily dissolved out and is further utilized by the diatoms. Practical application shows that after the iron intercalated montmorillonite is applied to the culture solution of the iron-deficient diatom, the diatom can interact with the iron intercalated montmorillonite to dissolve out the bioavailable iron and silicate, so that the proliferation burst of the diatom is promoted, the primary productivity and carbon content of the diatom are also improved, and in addition, the added iron intercalated montmorillonite is not easy to diffuse along with ocean currents, and the acting time is continuous and long.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0023] The technical scheme of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.|[0024] The calcium-based montmorillonite used in the following examples was collected from the inner mongolia red peak.|[0025] Example 1|Iron intercalated montmorillonite was prepared by the following procedure:| (1) Slowly adding 6.2 gNa 2CO3·H2 O powder into 0.2 mol/L ferric nitrate solution, stirring at 1100r/min for 2h to obtain reddish brown semitransparent (pH < 2), and aging at room temperature for 24 h to obtain iron pillared solution; | (2) 10g of calcium-based montmorillonite is added into 500 ml deionized water, and stirred in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 1.5 hours to enable the calcium-based montmorillonite to be fully swelled, so as to form a montmorillonite suspension with the concentration of about 2 weight percent; | (3) Slowly dripping the iron column support liquid into the montmorillonite suspension, stirring at a high speed in a water bath at 60 ℃ to enable iron to replace interlayer calcium ions and enter the interlayer, continuing stirring for 2h after dripping, aging for 20 hours at room temperature, centrifuging, drying, and grinding until the iron column support liquid can pass through a 200-mesh screen to obtain the iron intercalated montmorillonite. |[0026] Example 2|The iron-deficient diatom culture was performed by the following procedure:| (1) Placing 2L artificial seawater shown in table 1 into a high-temperature steam sterilizing pot for sterilizing at 121deg.C for 30 min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain cooled seawater; | (2) Sterilizing nutritional components (composition shown in table 2) without FeCl 3·6H2 O under ultraviolet lamp for 15min, and adding into cooling seawater to obtain iron-deficiency seawater culture broth; | (3) And (3) regulating the pH of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution to 8.10, adding a diatom solution with the diatom content of 50-100wt%, wherein the volume ratio of the diatom solution to the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution is 1:9, culturing for 15 days under the culture conditions of the illumination intensity of 4000 lux, the illumination period of 12/12 (the illumination and darkness are respectively set to be 12 hours alternately), and the temperature of 25 ℃, and repeating the step (3) for 3 times to obtain the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution. |[0027] TABLE 1 composition and concentration of artificial seawater|[0028] Table 2 nutrient composition and concentration thereof in iron-deficient seawater nutrient|[0029] Example 3|The use of iron intercalated montmorillonite to promote diatom eruptions in iron depleted seawater was simulated by the following process:| (1) Adding 1g of the iron intercalated montmorillonite obtained in the example 1 into 0.1L of the iron deficiency seawater culture broth prepared in the example 2 to obtain an iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution with the concentration of 10 g/L; | (2) Under the aseptic condition, adding 10ml of the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution obtained in the example 2 and 90ml of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution prepared in the example 2 into a 150ml culture flask, and adjusting the pH value of the obtained mixed solution to 8.10 to obtain a mixed culture solution; | (3) Measuring 0.1ml of iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate, uniformly spraying the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate into the mixed culture solution, so that the concentration of the iron intercalated montmorillonite in the mixed culture solution is 10mg/L, and culturing for 8 days under the culture conditions of 4000 lux of illumination intensity, 12/12 of illumination period and 25 ℃ of illumination cycle. |[0030] Example 4|The use of iron intercalated montmorillonite to promote diatom eruptions in iron depleted seawater was simulated by the following process:| (1) Adding 5g of the iron intercalated montmorillonite obtained in the example 1 into 0.1L of the iron deficiency seawater culture broth prepared in the example 2 to obtain an iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution with the concentration of 50 g/L; | (2) Under the aseptic condition, adding 10ml of the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution obtained in the example 2 and 90ml of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution prepared in the example 2 into a 150ml culture flask, and adjusting the pH value of the obtained mixed solution to 8.10 to obtain a mixed culture solution; | (3) Measuring 0.1ml of iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate, uniformly spraying the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate into the mixed culture solution, so that the concentration of the iron intercalated montmorillonite in the mixed culture solution is 50mg/L, and culturing for 8 days under the culture conditions of 4000 lux of illumination intensity, 12/12 of illumination period and 25 ℃ of illumination cycle. |[0031] Comparative example 1|Diatom growth in iron-deficient seawater was simulated by the following procedure:| (1) Under the aseptic condition, adding 10ml of the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution obtained in the example 2 and 90ml of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution prepared in the example 2 into a 150ml culture flask, and adjusting the pH value of the obtained mixed solution to 8.10 to obtain a mixed culture solution; | (2) And (3) culturing the mixed culture solution for 8 days under the culture condition that the illumination intensity is 4000 lux, the illumination period is 12/12 of the light-dark cycle and the temperature is 25 ℃ to obtain the simulated solution. |[0032] Comparative example 2|The use of iron salts to promote diatom eruptions in iron-deficient seawater was simulated by the following process:| (1) Under the aseptic condition, adding 10ml of the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution obtained in the example 2 and 90ml of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution prepared in the example 2 into a 150ml culture flask, and adjusting the pH value of the obtained mixed solution to 8.10 to obtain a mixed culture solution; | (2) To the mixed culture solution, 0.1ml of FeCl 3·6H2 O aqueous solution having a concentration of 11 mmol/L was added, and the mixture was cultured under a culture condition of an illumination intensity of 4000 lux, an illumination period of 12/12 light-dark cycle and a temperature of 25℃for 8 days to obtain a simulated liquid. |[0033] The number of diatom in the mixed culture solutions obtained in examples 3 and 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 was tested to be <10 4/ml, wherein the number of diatom was counted by a biological microscope.|[0034] Further, the amounts of diatom, chlorophyll a concentration, carbon content, and chlorophyll a concentration increasing rate and carbon content increasing rate in the simulated liquid obtained in examples 3 and 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were measured.|[0035] Wherein the number of diatoms is counted by a biological microscope.|[0036] The concentration of chlorophyll a was determined using a methanol extraction method by taking 20 mL simulated liquid and filtering through a 0.45 μm glass fiber filter membrane, followed by extraction of the filtered filter membrane with 10 mL methanol at 4 ℃ and finally measuring the absorbance values (OD 652 and OD 665) at 652 and 665 nm by uv spectrophotometry and the concentration of chlorophyll a by the following formula:|Chlorophyll-a =-8.0962 x OD652 +16.5169 x OD665| Wherein Chlorophyll-a represents chlorophyll a concentration, and OD652 and OD665 represent absorbance at 652 and 665 nm absorption peaks, respectively. |[0037] The carbon content was measured by taking 20 mL simulated liquid and filtering through a 0.45 μm glass fiber filter, and then analyzing the carbon content of diatom by a LECO CS744 analyzer.|[0038] The chlorophyll-a concentration-increasing rate and the carbon content-increasing rate were based on the chlorophyll-a concentration and the carbon content obtained in comparative example 1 (without adding iron).|[0039] The measurement results are shown in the following table 3:| TABLE 3 simulation results for examples and comparative examples |[0040] It can be seen from the above table that applying a certain concentration of iron intercalated montmorillonite can promote growth and erection of diatom, and can improve productivity and carbon fixation capacity of diatom.|[0041] Example 5|The iron intercalated montmorillonite was applied to the iron deficient seawater by the following procedure:| (1) Adding 10g of the iron intercalated montmorillonite obtained in the example 1 into 1L of seawater, and preparing an iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution with the concentration of 10 g/L; | (2) In each 0.2826m 2 sea area, 1L of iron intercalation concentrated solution is uniformly sprayed into the iron-deficiency sea water with the iron element concentration lower than 0.3nM through a water spray gun, so that the iron intercalation montmorillonite concentration in the surface sea water reaches 10mg/L. |[0042] Example 6 iron intercalated montmorillonite was applied to iron deficient seawater by the following procedure:| (1) 50g of the iron intercalated montmorillonite obtained in example 1 was added to 1L of seawater to prepare an iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate having a concentration of 50 g/L; | (2) In each 0.2826m 2 sea area, 1L of iron intercalation concentrated solution is uniformly sprayed into the iron-deficiency sea water with the iron element concentration lower than 0.3nM through a water spray gun, so that the iron intercalation montmorillonite concentration in the surface sea water reaches 50mg/L. |[0043] Through tests, the algal bloom scale of examples 5 and 6 reaches the maximum at the 8 th day, the number of diatoms in the experimental sea area is obviously improved, the primary productivity is obviously improved, and the carbon sequestration amount of the diatoms is also obviously increased.|[0044] It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Modifications of the embodiments described in the foregoing description, equivalents of the features, and so on, will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention. | (CN121653036)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean fertilization, in particular to application of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron-deficiency seawater.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean is used as an active carbon reservoir with the largest model on the earth, stores about 93% of carbon dioxide worldwide, has the carbon storage amount of about 20 times of that of a land carbon reservoir and 50 times of that of an atmosphere carbon reservoir, and plays an irreplaceable role in global climate regulation. The ocean carbon sequestration is mainly realized by biological pumps, solubility pumps, carbonate pumps, micro-biological carbon pumps and other mechanisms, wherein the biological pumps are one of the most important carbon sink ways for the ocean, and can deliver carbon exceeding 10 Gt C a –1 to the deep ocean every year, which is important for the long-term carbon sequestration of the ocean. Marine diatoms are key biotics driving biological pumps, whose number and variety are large in phytoplankton ratio, and through efficient photosynthesis, can fix about 1 x10 12 kg of carbon dioxide per year, contributing to primary productivity of 40% or more and about 20% of carbon sequestration throughout the world, and are central in the marine carbon cycle.|[0003] Based on the important role of diatom algae, there have been studies attempting to enhance the carbon output of biological pumps by promoting diatom growth by applying liquid iron to iron-deficient sea areas to slow down global warming. However, in the large iron fertilization experiments that have been conducted, significant proliferation of diatoms and an increase in carbon output flux were observed only in iron deficient seas where the silicate was abundant. The method has the obvious limitations that (1) silicate is deficient in part of the iron-deficient sea area, so that diatom growth is limited even if iron elements are supplemented, dominant species cannot be formed, and carbon output is limited, and (2) liquid iron is easy to diffuse and dilute rapidly along with ocean current after being applied to the ocean, so that effective concentration is difficult to maintain, and the continuous promotion effect of the liquid iron on the diatom growth is influenced.|[0004] Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a new ocean iron fertilization method capable of overcoming the double bottlenecks of silicate limitation and iron element deficiency, so as to stably and efficiently enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the biological pump in the global iron-deficiency sea area and provide reliable technical support for coping with climate change.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel ocean iron fertilization method capable of overcoming the double bottleneck of silicate limitation and iron element deletion, which can remarkably increase the proliferation capability of diatom in iron-deficiency seawater, promote the primary productivity and carbon content of diatom and increase the carbon flux of diatom output to deep sea.|[0006] The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:| An application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom explosion in iron-deficient seawater comprises the steps of applying the iron intercalated montmorillonite into the iron-deficient seawater containing diatoms, wherein the iron-deficient seawater is seawater with the concentration of iron elements being lower than 0.3nM, and the iron intercalated montmorillonite is obtained through the following steps: | (1) Adding sodium carbonate and/or hydrated sodium carbonate into an aqueous solution of ferric salt, fully mixing to form a reddish brown semitransparent state, and then aging at room temperature to obtain an iron pillared solution; | (2) Adding montmorillonite into water, and heating to swell to obtain montmorillonite suspension; | (3) Slowly dripping the iron column support liquid into the montmorillonite suspension, heating and mixing, continuously mixing for a certain time after dripping, aging at room temperature, and sequentially performing solid-liquid separation, solid drying and grinding to obtain the iron intercalated montmorillonite. |[0007] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the iron salt is selected from ferric nitrate and/or ferric chloride.|[0008] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the smectite is selected from calcium-based smectite and/or sodium-based smectite.|[0009] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the molar ratio of sodium carbonate and/or hydrated sodium carbonate to iron salt in the iron prop liquid is 0.5-2.5:1, the pH of the iron prop liquid being <2.|[0010] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the room temperature ageing is carried out for a period of 20-24 hours.|[0011] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the heat swelling is 50-70 ℃.|[0012] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the time of thermal swelling is 1.5-2.5h.|[0013] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the heated mixture is 50-70 ℃.|[0014] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the time for continuing mixing is from 1.5 to 2.5 hours.|[0015] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the solid is dried at a temperature of 40-50 ℃.|[0016] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the montmorillonite suspension has a solid to liquid ratio of 1:45-55g/mL.|[0017] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the volume ratio of the iron pillared liquid to the montmorillonite suspension is 1-2:1.|[0018] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the diatom is selected from one or more of the group consisting of seaweed, chaetoceros, diamond-shaped algae, chlorella, navicular algae.|[0019] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the iron intercalated montmorillonite is applied in the iron deficient seawater at a concentration of 10-50mg/L.|[0020] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the application method comprises:| (1) Adding the iron intercalated montmorillonite into seawater, and preparing to obtain iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate with a concentration of 10-50 g/L; | (2) And uniformly spraying the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution on the surface of the iron-deficient seawater through a spraying tool. |[0021] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate is sprayed in an amount of 1L per 0.2826m 2 sea area.|[0022] The application method of the invention can promote the proliferation burst of the iron-deficiency diatom which is limited in growth due to the deficiency of iron element in the iron-deficiency seawater through the application of the iron intercalated montmorillonite, and culture the diatom through the iron intercalated montmorillonite as an iron source, thereby enhancing the primary productivity and carbon fixation capability of the diatom, increasing the carbon flux output to the deep sea, and improving the primary productivity (represented by chlorophyll a content) of the marine diatom by more than 20 percent compared with the diatom cultured by liquid iron|In the application method, in the process of preparing the iron intercalated montmorillonite, iron can replace interlayer cations of the montmorillonite and stably exist among the montmorillonite so that the iron can replace liquid iron to provide sufficient and sustainable iron sources for diatoms, and meanwhile, in the preparation process, the montmorillonite is exposed in surface active sites through long-time strong acid and heating environment, and silicon in a lamellar structure is more easily dissolved out and is further utilized by the diatoms. Practical application shows that after the iron intercalated montmorillonite is applied to the culture solution of the iron-deficient diatom, the diatom can interact with the iron intercalated montmorillonite to dissolve out the bioavailable iron and silicate, so that the proliferation burst of the diatom is promoted, the primary productivity and carbon content of the diatom are also improved, and in addition, the added iron intercalated montmorillonite is not easy to diffuse along with ocean currents, and the acting time is continuous and long.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0023] The technical scheme of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.|[0024] The calcium-based montmorillonite used in the following examples was collected from the inner mongolia red peak.|[0025] Example 1|Iron intercalated montmorillonite was prepared by the following procedure:| (1) Slowly adding 6.2 gNa 2CO3·H2 O powder into 0.2 mol/L ferric nitrate solution, stirring at 1100r/min for 2h to obtain reddish brown semitransparent (pH < 2), and aging at room temperature for 24 h to obtain iron pillared solution; | (2) 10g of calcium-based montmorillonite is added into 500 ml deionized water, and stirred in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 1.5 hours to enable the calcium-based montmorillonite to be fully swelled, so as to form a montmorillonite suspension with the concentration of about 2 weight percent; | (3) Slowly dripping the iron column support liquid into the montmorillonite suspension, stirring at a high speed in a water bath at 60 ℃ to enable iron to replace interlayer calcium ions and enter the interlayer, continuing stirring for 2h after dripping, aging for 20 hours at room temperature, centrifuging, drying, and grinding until the iron column support liquid can pass through a 200-mesh screen to obtain the iron intercalated montmorillonite. |[0026] Example 2|The iron-deficient diatom culture was performed by the following procedure:| (1) Placing 2L artificial seawater shown in table 1 into a high-temperature steam sterilizing pot for sterilizing at 121deg.C for 30 min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain cooled seawater; | (2) Sterilizing nutritional components (composition shown in table 2) without FeCl 3·6H2 O under ultraviolet lamp for 15min, and adding into cooling seawater to obtain iron-deficiency seawater culture broth; | (3) And (3) regulating the pH of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution to 8.10, adding a diatom solution with the diatom content of 50-100wt%, wherein the volume ratio of the diatom solution to the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution is 1:9, culturing for 15 days under the culture conditions of the illumination intensity of 4000 lux, the illumination period of 12/12 (the illumination and darkness are respectively set to be 12 hours alternately), and the temperature of 25 ℃, and repeating the step (3) for 3 times to obtain the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution. |[0027] TABLE 1 composition and concentration of artificial seawater|[0028] Table 2 nutrient composition and concentration thereof in iron-deficient seawater nutrient|[0029] Example 3|The use of iron intercalated montmorillonite to promote diatom eruptions in iron depleted seawater was simulated by the following process:| (1) Adding 1g of the iron intercalated montmorillonite obtained in the example 1 into 0.1L of the iron deficiency seawater culture broth prepared in the example 2 to obtain an iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution with the concentration of 10 g/L; | (2) Under the aseptic condition, adding 10ml of the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution obtained in the example 2 and 90ml of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution prepared in the example 2 into a 150ml culture flask, and adjusting the pH value of the obtained mixed solution to 8.10 to obtain a mixed culture solution; | (3) Measuring 0.1ml of iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate, uniformly spraying the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate into the mixed culture solution, so that the concentration of the iron intercalated montmorillonite in the mixed culture solution is 10mg/L, and culturing for 8 days under the culture conditions of 4000 lux of illumination intensity, 12/12 of illumination period and 25 ℃ of illumination cycle. |[0030] Example 4|The use of iron intercalated montmorillonite to promote diatom eruptions in iron depleted seawater was simulated by the following process:| (1) Adding 5g of the iron intercalated montmorillonite obtained in the example 1 into 0.1L of the iron deficiency seawater culture broth prepared in the example 2 to obtain an iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution with the concentration of 50 g/L; | (2) Under the aseptic condition, adding 10ml of the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution obtained in the example 2 and 90ml of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution prepared in the example 2 into a 150ml culture flask, and adjusting the pH value of the obtained mixed solution to 8.10 to obtain a mixed culture solution; | (3) Measuring 0.1ml of iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate, uniformly spraying the iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate into the mixed culture solution, so that the concentration of the iron intercalated montmorillonite in the mixed culture solution is 50mg/L, and culturing for 8 days under the culture conditions of 4000 lux of illumination intensity, 12/12 of illumination period and 25 ℃ of illumination cycle. |[0031] Comparative example 1|Diatom growth in iron-deficient seawater was simulated by the following procedure:| (1) Under the aseptic condition, adding 10ml of the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution obtained in the example 2 and 90ml of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution prepared in the example 2 into a 150ml culture flask, and adjusting the pH value of the obtained mixed solution to 8.10 to obtain a mixed culture solution; | (2) And (3) culturing the mixed culture solution for 8 days under the culture condition that the illumination intensity is 4000 lux, the illumination period is 12/12 of the light-dark cycle and the temperature is 25 ℃ to obtain the simulated solution. |[0032] Comparative example 2|The use of iron salts to promote diatom eruptions in iron-deficient seawater was simulated by the following process:| (1) Under the aseptic condition, adding 10ml of the iron-deficiency diatom culture solution obtained in the example 2 and 90ml of the iron-deficiency seawater culture solution prepared in the example 2 into a 150ml culture flask, and adjusting the pH value of the obtained mixed solution to 8.10 to obtain a mixed culture solution; | (2) To the mixed culture solution, 0.1ml of FeCl 3·6H2 O aqueous solution having a concentration of 11 mmol/L was added, and the mixture was cultured under a culture condition of an illumination intensity of 4000 lux, an illumination period of 12/12 light-dark cycle and a temperature of 25℃for 8 days to obtain a simulated liquid. |[0033] The number of diatom in the mixed culture solutions obtained in examples 3 and 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 was tested to be <10 4/ml, wherein the number of diatom was counted by a biological microscope.|[0034] Further, the amounts of diatom, chlorophyll a concentration, carbon content, and chlorophyll a concentration increasing rate and carbon content increasing rate in the simulated liquid obtained in examples 3 and 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were measured.|[0035] Wherein the number of diatoms is counted by a biological microscope.|[0036] The concentration of chlorophyll a was determined using a methanol extraction method by taking 20 mL simulated liquid and filtering through a 0.45 μm glass fiber filter membrane, followed by extraction of the filtered filter membrane with 10 mL methanol at 4 ℃ and finally measuring the absorbance values (OD 652 and OD 665) at 652 and 665 nm by uv spectrophotometry and the concentration of chlorophyll a by the following formula:|Chlorophyll-a =-8.0962 x OD652 +16.5169 x OD665| Wherein Chlorophyll-a represents chlorophyll a concentration, and OD652 and OD665 represent absorbance at 652 and 665 nm absorption peaks, respectively. |[0037] The carbon content was measured by taking 20 mL simulated liquid and filtering through a 0.45 μm glass fiber filter, and then analyzing the carbon content of diatom by a LECO CS744 analyzer.|[0038] The chlorophyll-a concentration-increasing rate and the carbon content-increasing rate were based on the chlorophyll-a concentration and the carbon content obtained in comparative example 1 (without adding iron).|[0039] The measurement results are shown in the following table 3:| TABLE 3 simulation results for examples and comparative examples |[0040] It can be seen from the above table that applying a certain concentration of iron intercalated montmorillonite can promote growth and erection of diatom, and can improve productivity and carbon fixation capacity of diatom.|[0041] Example 5|The iron intercalated montmorillonite was applied to the iron deficient seawater by the following procedure:| (1) Adding 10g of the iron intercalated montmorillonite obtained in the example 1 into 1L of seawater, and preparing an iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrated solution with the concentration of 10 g/L; | (2) In each 0.2826m 2 sea area, 1L of iron intercalation concentrated solution is uniformly sprayed into the iron-deficiency sea water with the iron element concentration lower than 0.3nM through a water spray gun, so that the iron intercalation montmorillonite concentration in the surface sea water reaches 10mg/L. |[0042] Example 6 iron intercalated montmorillonite was applied to iron deficient seawater by the following procedure:| (1) 50g of the iron intercalated montmorillonite obtained in example 1 was added to 1L of seawater to prepare an iron intercalated montmorillonite concentrate having a concentration of 50 g/L; | (2) In each 0.2826m 2 sea area, 1L of iron intercalation concentrated solution is uniformly sprayed into the iron-deficiency sea water with the iron element concentration lower than 0.3nM through a water spray gun, so that the iron intercalation montmorillonite concentration in the surface sea water reaches 50mg/L. |[0043] Through tests, the algal bloom scale of examples 5 and 6 reaches the maximum at the 8 th day, the number of diatoms in the experimental sea area is obviously improved, the primary productivity is obviously improved, and the carbon sequestration amount of the diatoms is also obviously increased.|[0044] It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Modifications of the embodiments described in the foregoing description, equivalents of the features, and so on, will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention. | Family Number|(118094420)|118094420|Object of Invention|(CN121653036 A)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean fertilization , in particular to application of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron - deficiency seawater . |Abstract|(CN121653036 A)|The invention discloses an application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron - deficiency seawater . Belongs to the technical field of ocean fertilization . The application method of the invention comprises the step of applying iron intercalated montmorillonite into the iron - deficient seawater containing diatoms , wherein the iron - deficient seawater is seawater with the concentration of iron elements lower than 0.3 nM . The method can overcome the limitation of silicate and the deficiency of iron element in seawater , obviously increase the proliferation capability of diatom in the iron - deficiency seawater , improve the primary productivity and carbon content of the diatom , and increase the carbon flux of the diatom output to the deep sea . | | Biotechnology|Materials, metallurgy | C01B-033/40|C12N-001/12|C12N-001/38|C12R-001/89 | C01B-033/40|C12N-001/12|C12N-001/38|C12R-001/89 | C01B-033/40|C12N-001/12|C12N-001/38|C12R-001/89 | C01B-033/40|C12N-001/12|C12N-001/38|C12R-001/89 | PENDING | (CN121653036)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN121653036)|ALIVE | (CN121653036)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN121653036|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-12-17|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-12-17|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202511903962|Application date=2025-12-17|Standardized application number=2025CN-1903962|Event publication date=2026-03-13|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN121653036|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2026-03-13|Standardized publication number=CN121653036|Event publication date=2026-03-13|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2026-03-31|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN121653036)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKfdeG/5dVX9ilfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000081167756&ekey=2156&xpn=CN121653036&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=4TBqOZAfEO%252FWbzivCYWOrJNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN121653036)|CN | (CN121653036)|NAME=GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN | (CN121653036)|NAME=YANG Jin;CHENGDU BOLING ZHONGCHENG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=51340 | (CN121653036)|CN | (CN121653036)|NAME=WANG XU, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=LIU DONG|NAME=YU RONGDA|NAME=SHEN YUGUO|NAME=HUO GUANGCHENG|NAME=LIU ZHIMING|NAME=LIU HAO | Titre: (CN121653036)|Application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron-deficiency seawater Résumé: (CN121653036)|The invention discloses an application method of iron intercalated montmorillonite in promoting diatom eruption in iron-deficiency seawater. Belongs to the technical field of ocean fertilization. The application method of the invention comprises the step of applying iron intercalated montmorillonite into the iron-deficient seawater containing diatoms, wherein the iron-deficient seawater is seawater with the concentration of iron elements lower than 0.3 nM. The method can overcome the limitation of silicate and the deficiency of iron element in seawater, obviously increase the proliferation capability of diatom in the iron-deficiency seawater, improve the primary productivity and carbon content of the diatom, and increase the carbon flux of the diatom output to the deep sea. | 1.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The article discusses a method for iron fertilization in seawater to promote diatom growth, which aligns with the objectives of increasing CO₂ uptake and enhancing the biological carbon pump. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | US60/986,281P|US12/267,368|US12/267,405|US12/267,495 | WOUS2008/082898|WOUS2008/082885|WOUS2008/082879|US12/267,495|US12/267,405|US12/267,368 | WO2009/062093|WO2009/062097|WO2009/062108|US20090118859|US20090119025|US20090119122 | 44215100 | WO2009/062108 A1 2009-05-14 [WO200962108]|WO2009/062097 A1 2009-05-14 [WO200962097]|WO2009/062093 A1 2009-05-14 [WO200962093]|US20090119122 A1 2009-05-07 [US20090119122]|US20090118859 A1 2009-05-07 [US20090118859]|US20090119025 A1 2009-05-07 [US20090119025] | 2007-11-07|2008-11-07 | 2008-11-07|2008-11-07|2008-11-07|2008-11-07|2008-11-07|2008-11-07 | 2009-05-14|2009-05-14|2009-05-14|2009-05-07|2009-05-07|2009-05-07 | (US20090119122)|2011-11-08|(US20090119025)|2012-02-03|(US20090118859)|2012-03-28|(WO2009/062108)|2011-05-07|(WO2009/062097)|2011-05-07|(WO2009/062093)|2011-05-07 | (US20090119122)|Retail Item - Offset Pairing for Neutral Environmental Impact | (US20090119122)|Systems and methods for pairing negative and positive environmental impacts are disclosed. The system and methods include pairing negative environmental impacts from retail item production and manufacturing with positive environmental impacts from projects, resulting in retail items that are neutral with respect to environmental effects. The systems and methods offset negative environmental impact for retail items by determining a positive environmental impact associated with a project and calculating micro-units based on the amount of negative impact from each retail item. A unique identifier is assigned to each micro-unit and the micro-unit-retail unit pairing is stored. The system can be implemented via a computer system. | CLIMOS | (US20090119122)|Climos ([US])|(US20090119025)|CLIMOS ([US])|(US20090118859)|CLIMOS ([US])|(WO2009/062108)|CLIMOS ([US])|(WO2009/062097)|CLIMOS ([US])|(WO2009/062093)|CLIMOS ([US]) | WHALEY DAN|LEINEN MARGARET|WHILDEN KEVIN | (US20090119122)|Whaley Dan|Leinen Margaret|Whilden Kevin | (US20090119122)|FENWICK & WEST LLP ([US])|(US20090119025)|FENWICK & WEST LLP ([US])|(US20090118859)|FENWICK & WEST LLP ([US])|(WO2009/062108)|BUSH, Jennifer, R. et al. ([US])|(WO2009/062097)|BUSH, Jennifer, R. et al. ([US])|(WO2009/062093)|BUSH, Jennifer, R. et al. ([US]) | (US20090119122)|Cursor control 214 may include a mouse, a trackball, a stylus, a pen, a touch screen, cursor direction keys, or other mechanisms to cause movement of a cursor.|For other effects that affect watersheds, forestry, or land conservation, the unit might be area (e.g., hectacres).| | (US20090119122)|1 . A computer-implemented method of offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items, comprising: determining a negative environmental impact associated with a retail item; determining a number of units of positive environmental impact associated with a selected project; calculating a number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item, each micro-unit representing a portion of the units of positive environmental impact equal to the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item; assigning a unique identifier to each of the number of micro-units, the unique identifiers for association with a number of retail items equal to the number of micro-units; and storing association information for pairings of the unique identifiers with the number of retail items.|8 . A computer system for offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items, comprising: a processor; a negative impact module for determining a negative environmental impact associated with a retail item; a positive impact module for determining a number of units of positive environmental impact associated with a selected project; a micro-unit calculation module for calculating a number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item, each micro-unit representing a portion of the units of positive environmental impact equal to the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item; an assignment module for assigning a unique identifier to each of the number of micro-units, the unique identifiers for association with a number of retail items equal to the number of micro-units; and and a storage module for storing association information for pairings of the unique identifiers with the number of retail items.|15 . A computer program product for offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items, comprising: a computer readable storage medium; computer program code, stored on the storage medium, for: determining a negative environmental impact associated with a retail item; determining a number of units of positive environmental impact associated with a selected project; calculating a number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item, each micro-unit representing a portion of the units of positive environmental impact equal to the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item; assigning a unique identifier to each of the number of micro-units, the unique identifiers for association with a number of retail items equal to the number of micro-units; and storing association information for pairings of the unique identifiers with the number of retail items.| | (US20090119122)|The present invention addresses these needs and other shortcomings of the prior art by providing systems and methods for pairing negative and positive environmental effects at the individual or batch item level.|This invention relates generally to the field climatology. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items such as goods or services.| | (US20090119122)|RETAIL ITEM(100,80)|NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(100,53)|ITEM OFFSET PAIRING(100,1)|NEUTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(100,1)|RETAIL ITEM OFFSET PAIRING(100,1)|IDENTIFIER PAIRING(66,3)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(48,65)|METHANEDIONE TON(39,3)|IDENTIFICATION(37,18)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MICROUNIT(30,8)|MICROUNIT CALCULATION MODULE(26,4)|RETAIL RECORD(26,3)|MICROUNIT(23,16)|MICROUNIT NUMBER(23,9)|ASSOCIATION INFORMATION(20,5)|NEGATIVE PAIR(20,3)|CALCULATING MICROUNIT(18,2)|RETAIL ITEM PRODUCTION(17,1)|ASSIGNMENT MODULE(16,6)|NEGATIVE IMPACT MODULE(16,2)|POSITIVE IMPACT MODULE(16,2)|OFFSET MANAGER(13,25)|STORED ASSOCIATION INFORMATION(13,3)|ASSOCIATION INFORMATION(13,2)|MICROUNIT RETAIL UNIT PAIRING(13,2)|TRACKBALL(13,1)|STORAGE MODULE(12,6)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(12,3)|TOUCHSCREEN(12,2)|BATCH ITEM(12,1)|FORESTRY(12,1)|STYLUS(12,1)|UPC CODE(11,2)|CURSOR DIRECTION KEY(11,1)|URL(10,3)|CONSERVATION(10,2)|HECTACRE(9,3)|WATERSHED(9,3)|STORAGE MEDIUM(9,2)|MOUSE(9,1)|PEN(9,1)|RETAIL PRODUCER(8,5)|CURSOR(8,2)|LOST TOURISM REVENUE(7,2)|MICROUNIT PAIRING(7,2)|RETAIL ITEM LIFECYCLE(7,2)|FIELD CLIMATOLOGY(7,1)|OFFSET BROKERING MODULE(6,3)|RESOURCE REPLENISHMENT(6,3)|NATIVE COMMUNITY PRESERVATION(6,1)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT(6,1)|AFFILIATED ENTITY(5,2)|RETAIL GOODS(5,2)|RETAILER IDENTIFIER(5,2)|UNIVERSITY NATIONAL CONSORTIUM(5,1)|DOLLAR(4,9)|PROJECT POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(4,6)|CONTRIBUTING FACTOR(4,3)|FACTOR LISTING(4,3)|COMMUNITY RESOURCE(4,2)|COMPUTER PROGRAM CODE(4,2)|OFFSET COORDINATOR(4,2)|REFORESTATION PROJECT(4,2)|BLUE ELFIN BUTTERFLY(4,1)|COMPUTER CODE(4,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT ASSESSMENT COMPANY(4,1)|HABITAT PRESERVATION(4,1)|LAUNDRY DETERGENT MICROUNIT(4,1)|NATIONAL MITIGATION BANKING ASSOCIATION(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(4,1)|POLLUTION MITIGATION PROJECT(4,1)|WETLAND MITIGATION BANKING(4,1)|CONTAMINATION(3,5)|CONSUMER(3,4)|CREDIT CARD PROCESSOR(3,3)|MICROOFFSET(3,3)|TOXIC AIR EMISSION(3,3)|FINANCIAL IMPACT(3,2)|HABITAT DESTRUCTION(3,2)|IMPACT PAIRING(3,2)|ITEM ENTIRE LIFECYCLE(3,2)|OFFSETTING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(3,2)|RETAIL ITEM INFORMATION(3,2)|2008 BBB REPORT(3,1)|BIODIVERSITY BUSINESS(3,1)|BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE RESTORATION(3,1)|BOOT NEGATIVE IMPACT(3,1)|BROKERING FUNCTIONALITY(3,1)|CHILD TOY(3,1)|CLIMATE COMMUNITY(3,1)|ECOSYSTEM SERVICE BANKING(3,1)|ENDANGERED SPECIES BANKING(3,1)|ENDANGERED SPECIES DESTRUCTION(3,1)|GALLON JUG(3,1)|GHG EMISSION(3,1)|GOODS MANUFACTURER(3,1)|INSTANCE MICROUNIT(3,1)|LANDFILL CLEANUP(3,1)|LEATHER BOOT(3,1)|MICROUNIT POSITIVE IMPACT(3,1)|OFFSET PURCHASE TRANSACTION(3,1)|PAIRING EXISTENCE(3,1)|PARTY CALCULATOR(3,1)|PARTY CONSULTANT(3,1)|PROJECT COORDINATOR(3,1)|PROTECT WATERSHED(3,1)|RED RUFFED LEMUR(3,1)|RESOURCE ROSTER(3,1)|RESTORATION PROJECT(3,1)|RETAIL ITEM NEGATIVE IMPACT(3,1)|RETAILER OFFSET(3,1)|STRATEGY FOCUS(3,1)|SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY PROJECT(3,1)|ROUTINE(2,7)|HTTP(2,5)|ASSIGNMENT(2,3)|RECYCLING(2,3)|ASSISTANCE(2,2)|IMMEDIATE INFORMATION(2,2)|MARKETING(2,2)|PACKAGING(2,2)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROJECT(2,2)|REGULATORY AGENCY(2,2)|REPORTING(2,2)|RETAIL MARKET(2,2)|SINGLE RETAIL ITEM(2,2)|BIODIVERSITY STANDARD(2,1)|CARBON REGISTRY(2,1)|CO2 METRIC TON(2,1)|CO2 TON(2,1)|COMMUNITY BENEFIT(2,1)|CREDIT CARD RECEPTION(2,1)|CUSTOM BUILT PROCESSOR(2,1)|DATABASE LOCAL(2,1)|ELECTRONIC INSTRUCTION(2,1)|ENDANGERED SPECIES PROTECTION(2,1)|ESTIMATED CARBON FOOTPRINT(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATOR(2,1)|IMPACT ANALYSIS(2,1)|ITEM IMPACT(2,1)|LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS(2,1)|LOST ECOSYSTEM SERVICE(2,1)|MAC OS(2,1)|MEGA SCALE(2,1)|MICROUNIT OFFSET INFORMATION(2,1)|MILK MICROUNIT VALUE(2,1)|MONITORING DATABASE(2,1)|NEGATIVE IMPACT LISTING(2,1)|NEUTRAL IMPACT(2,1)|OFFSET PAIR(2,1)|POSITIVE PAIRING(2,1)|PRODUCT PAIRED OFFSET(2,1)|PROJECT OFFSET(2,1)|PROTECTED BIODIVERSITY ECONOMIC VALUE(2,1)|PROXY(2,1)|RECORD PAIRING(2,1)|REFERENCED DOCUMENT(2,1)|RFID(2,1)|SHARED BUS(2,1)|SHOE MICROUNIT VALUE(2,1)|STANDARDIZED MICROUNIT VALUE(2,1)|STATUS FEEDBACK(2,1)|STRATEGY COMPONENT(2,1)|TANGIBLE MEDIUM(2,1)|TOXIC IMPACT(2,1)|VERIFICATION STATUS(2,1)||(US20090119025)|CARBON(100,55)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,48)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(100,38)|ASSIGNING QUALITY GRADE(100,10)|QUALITY GRADING(100,1)|QUANTIFICATION(100,1)|MINIMUM DEPTH THRESHOLD(72,32)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT EXECUTION(57,3)|QUALITY GRADE DATABASE(40,5)|MEASURED SEQUESTERED CARBON(40,3)|ASSIGNED QUALITY GRADE(35,4)|SEQUESTRATION MODULE(26,2)|SEA(21,21)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(21,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,29)|BLOOM COMPONENT BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION(20,2)|TEMPORAL EVOLUTION MODULE(19,5)|GROWING(17,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION RESULT(17,1)|OCEAN REGION(17,1)|MEASURING CARBON(16,5)|MICRONUTRIENT(16,1)|CO2(15,21)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(15,5)|GRADE MODULE(15,4)|CALCULATING CARBON(15,2)|CLIMATOLOGY(15,1)|GROWTH CYCLE(15,1)|THRESHOLD MODULE(14,4)|PROJECT TRACKING DATABASE(13,11)|DETERMINED OCEAN CIRCULATION VALUE(13,3)|EVIDENCE(13,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTION(12,1)|CHLOROPHYL(11,2)|QUALITY MODULE(11,1)|STORAGE MODULE(10,5)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM GROWTH(9,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION EXECUTION(9,2)|STORAGE MEDIUM(9,2)|UNTETHERED NEUTRALLY BUOYANT TRAP(9,1)|CONCENTRATION MODULE(8,6)|IRON FERTILIZATION(8,4)|IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT MODULE(8,3)|BLOOM TEMPORAL EVOLUTION(8,2)|VOLUME CALCULATION(8,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT VERIFIER(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY FIELD(8,1)|PHYOTPLANTKON BLOOM MATURATION(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT DATA(7,5)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(7,3)|AREAL EXTENT DATA(7,2)|AQUATIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(7,1)|DIAZO TROPHIC PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION RESULT(7,1)|NORTH PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE(7,1)|CO2 TON(6,4)|FLUX OBSERVATION(6,4)|DATABASE MAINTENANCE MODULE(6,3)|METHODOLOGY DOCUMENT(6,3)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION LOCATION(6,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON STIMULATION(6,2)|RELEVANT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK(6,2)|CO2 OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|GLOBE OCEAN BASIN(6,1)|OFFSET GHG ADDITIONALITY(6,1)|ROUTINE(5,19)|CARBON STORAGE MANAGEMENT(5,8)|YEAR GRADE(5,6)|PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PHASE(5,5)|INDEXING MODULE(5,3)|REGISTRATION MODULE(5,3)|BIOLOGIC PRODUCTIVITY(5,2)|BLOOM AREAL EXTENT(5,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT INFORMATION(5,2)|SEQUESTERED CARBON POOL(5,2)|ACCESSIBLE OCEAN COMPILATION(5,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION CALCULATION(5,1)|CDM ADDITIONALITY TOOL(5,1)|CUMULATIVE LIFETIME RADIATIVE FORCING(5,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION PREDICTABILITY(5,1)|FUTURE OCEAN FERTILIZATION(5,1)|GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTER(5,1)|GHG PROTOCOLFOR PROJECT ACCOUNTING(5,1)|GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK(5,1)|HYRDROCAST ROSETTE(5,1)|IDENTIFYING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(5,1)|PERMANENCE UNKNOWN FUTURE SPECTRUM(5,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCTION(5,1)|WORLD BUSINESS COUNCIL(5,1)|CARBON CREDIT CERTIFICATION(4,3)|FLUX MEASUREMENT(4,3)|SEA FLOOR(4,3)|BLOOM COMPONENT TRANSFORMATION(4,2)|CO2 UPTAKE(4,2)|COMPUTER PROGRAM CODE(4,2)|EMISSION SCENARIO(4,2)|OCEANOGRAPHIC MODEL INFORMATION(4,2)|PERMANENCE PERIOD SPECTRUM(4,2)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(4,2)|PROJECT COORDINATION(4,2)|ACCURATE GRADE ASSIGNMENT(4,1)|BLOOM CESSATION(4,1)|BLOOM CHARACTER(4,1)|BLOOM SEEDING DATE(4,1)|COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL(4,1)|CORRECTED FLUX PRICE TON(4,1)|CORRECTED FRACTIONAL FLUX(4,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|DEEPWATER CARBON EXPORT(4,1)|FINANCIAL ADDITIONALITY TEST(4,1)|FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY(4,1)|FORESTRY CARBON CREDIT TRADING(4,1)|INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT(4,1)|INTERESTED PARTY(4,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION COMMERCIAL FEASIBILITY(4,1)|JURISDICTION ISSUE(4,1)|LATITUDINAL COORDINATE(4,1)|MASSIVE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(4,1)|MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC N2O(4,1)|METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT TON(4,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(4,1)|NONCARBON REGULATION(4,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN(4,1)|NORTHERN LATITUDE(4,1)|NUTRIENT ARTIFICIAL UPWELLING(4,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT COMPLETION(4,1)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION CONCEPT(4,1)|OCEAN PREDICTABILITY(4,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY MODEL(4,1)|PERMANENCE CORRELATION(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM STIMULATION(4,1)|PREPROJECT MODELING(4,1)|PROJECT STANDING BIOMASS(4,1)|PROPOSED OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(4,1)|RADIOISOTOPE SIGNATURE(4,1)|REGULATORY ADDITIONALITY TEST(4,1)|TEMPERATE NORTH(4,1)|THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION(4,1)|THORIUM ISOTOPE MEASUREMENT(4,1)|WORLD OCEAN CIRCULATION EXPERIMENT(4,1)|WORLD RESOURCE INSTITUTE(4,1)|WORLDWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET(4,1)|HTTP(3,7)|BASELINE CONDITION(3,3)|LOCATION MODULE(3,3)|MACRO NUTRIENT(3,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,3)|SCIENTIST(3,3)|UNIT CALCULATION MODULE(3,3)|YEAR CARBON(3,3)|ADDITIONALITY INFORMATION(3,2)|CARBON CREDIT PURCHASE(3,2)|CARBON EXPORTED PAST(3,2)|CONCEPTUAL DRAWING(3,2)|MEASURING INSTRUMENT DATA(3,2)|MEASURING MODULE(3,2)|NONCARBON DATA MEASUREMENT(3,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(3,2)|OWNERSHIP INFORMATION(3,2)|RADIATIVE FORCING REDUCTION(3,2)|VERIFICATION INFORMATION(3,2)|AGE PREDICTION(3,1)|ALPHANUMERICS STRING(3,1)|BIOGENIC GAS CREATION(3,1)|BLOOM TERMINATION(3,1)|COMMUNITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(3,1)|COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE(3,1)|CONCENTRATION GRADIENT FAVORING UPTAKE(3,1)|CORRECTION CALCULATION(3,1)|DEAD CELL LYSING(3,1)|DOZEN TRIAL(3,1)|EXPERIMENT WEBPAGE(3,1)|FINELY GRADED DEPTH(3,1)|FORESTRY PROJECT(3,1)|GEOGRAPHICAL PARAMETER(3,1)|GHG EMISSION(3,1)|INERT TRACER MEASUREMENT(3,1)|INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKER(3,1)|LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT(3,1)|LONGITUDE COORDINATE(3,1)|METHANE TON(3,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|NONCARBON CALCULATION(3,1)|NONLINEAR TERRAIN(3,1)|NUMERIC STRING(3,1)|OCEAN INSTRUMENT(3,1)|OCEAN MEASUREMENT(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(3,1)|POLICY DECISION(3,1)|PREDOMINANT CIRCULATION(3,1)|PRODUCTIVITY OBSERVATION(3,1)|PROJECT PATCH(3,1)|RADIATIVE FORCING YEAR(3,1)|REVIEWING PARTY(3,1)|SEQUESTERING CO2(3,1)|SHALLOW SINKING(3,1)|SINKING PARTICLE(3,1)|UNCERTAIN ESTIMATE(3,1)|UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION(3,1)|VARIABLE SURVEY(3,1)|VERIFICATION ENTITY(3,1)|WESTERN NORTH(3,1)|YEAR MINIMUM PERMANENCE(3,1)|YEAR PERMANENCE(3,1)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(2,5)|PROJECT LOCATION(2,5)|DEPTH TIME THRESHOLD MODULE(2,4)|NET CARBON REDUCTION(2,4)|CURSOR CONTROL(2,3)|PDF(2,3)|SOFTWARE MODULE(2,3)|CARBON REDUCTION QUANTIFICATION(2,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON MOLECULE(2,2)|CIRCULATION PATH(2,2)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(2,2)|COORDINATOR(2,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE INFORMATION(2,2)|GEO ENGINEERING(2,2)|HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM(2,2)|HISTORICAL DATA(2,2)|IDENTIFYING CARBON(2,2)|MOORING(2,2)|NET DIFFERENCE(2,2)|ORGANIC CARBON DOWNWARD FLUX(2,2)|PRIOR OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(2,2)|PROXY(2,2)|SOUTHERN OCEAN(2,2)|STORED CARBON TON(2,2)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION(2,2)|TOUCHSCREEN(2,2)|YEAR QUALITY(2,2)|ACCURATE EXPORT IMAGE(2,1)|ACCURATE MEASUREMENT(2,1)|ACCURATE VERIFICATION(2,1)|AIR SEA CO2 CALCULATION(2,1)|APPROXIMATE PROPORTION(2,1)|ASSIGNED GRADE(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE CIRCULATION MODELING PROJECT(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GAS ACCUMULATION(2,1)|BASELINE COMPARISON(2,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL REACTION(2,1)|BLOOM VOLUME(2,1)|CARBON ACCURATE ESTIMATE(2,1)|CARBON GRADING(2,1)|CARBON MEASURED TON(2,1)|CARBON MITIGATION STRATEGY(2,1)|CARBON STORAGE VERIFIER(2,1)|CIRCULATION PATTERN(2,1)|CORRECTION FACTOR(2,1)|CUSTOM BUILT PROCESSOR(2,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH(2,1)|DISCRETE DEPTH(2,1)|DISSOLVED N2O(2,1)|DOT NOTATION(2,1)|DRASTIC REDUCTION(2,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATOR REGION(2,1)|ELECTRONIC INSTRUCTION(2,1)|ELEMENTAL NITROGEN(2,1)|ENTIRE OCEAN BASIN(2,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT(2,1)|EXPORTED CARBON FLUX(2,1)|FIXING CO2(2,1)|FLUX CORRECTION(2,1)|FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION(2,1)|GLOBAL NATURAL(2,1)|GRADE CLASSIFICATION(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT(2,1)|GROWING TREE(2,1)|HEXADECIMAL CODE(2,1)|HYPERSALINE SOLUTION(2,1)|INDUSTRIALIZED NATION(2,1)|INORGANIC CARBON MEASUREMENT(2,1)|INSTRUMENTATION QUALITY(2,1)|INTERGLACIAL CHANGE(2,1)|IPCC STANDARD(2,1)|IRON CHELATE FERTILIZER(2,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT(2,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(2,1)|IRON RICH SEDIMENT(2,1)|LARGE INTERNATIONALLY COORDINATED STUDY(2,1)|LATE DATE(2,1)|LATE USAGE(2,1)|MAC OS(2,1)|MAJOR SEA(2,1)|MEASUREMENT TIMING INTERVAL(2,1)|MEASURING CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|METHANEDIONE TOTAL RADIATIVE FORCING(2,1)|MODEL EVALUATION EXPERIMENT(2,1)|MODELED DECREASE(2,1)|N2O GENERATION(2,1)|N2O MEASUREMENT(2,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(2,1)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(2,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION CALCULATION(2,1)|NORTH PACIFIC INTERMEDIATE WATER(2,1)|OBSERVATION NETWORK(2,1)|OBSERVER ABILITY(2,1)|OCEAN CONVEYER BELT(2,1)|OCEAN NATURE(2,1)|OCEAN PARAMETER(2,1)|OCEANOGRAPHER(2,1)|OFFSET FACTOR(2,1)|ORGANIC BIOMASS(2,1)|OWNERSHIP CLEAR PATH(2,1)|PAMETHODOLOGY ADDITIONALITYTOOL(2,1)|PARTICLE FLUX(2,1)|PARTICLE SUSPENSION(2,1)|PARTICULATE MATTER EXPORT(2,1)|PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY(2,1)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT(2,1)|PREBLOOM CONDITION(2,1)|PREVENT OVERLAPPING FERTILIZATION PROJECT(2,1)|PROJECT ABSENCE(2,1)|PROJECT DEVELOPER(2,1)|PROJECT DIMENSION(2,1)|PROJECT TRACKING DATABASE DATA(2,1)|QUALITY CLEAR GUIDELINE(2,1)|QUANTIFYING CARBON CREDIT(2,1)|QUANTIFYING CARBON STORAGE(2,1)|RADIATIVELY ACTIVE GAS METHYLSULFANYL METHANE(2,1)|RADIATIVELY ACTIVE GREENHOUSE GAS(2,1)|REFERENCED DOCUMENT(2,1)|REGISTRATION REQUEST(2,1)|REPRESENTATIVE MODEL(2,1)|RFID(2,1)|SAMPLE CUP(2,1)|SATELLITE MEASUREMENT(2,1)|SEA GLIDER DATA(2,1)|SEAWATER PH(2,1)|SEDIMENT TRAP FLUX(2,1)|SEDIMENT TRAP READING(2,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON DEPTH DISTRIBUTION(2,1)|SHARED BUS(2,1)|SINGLE OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(2,1)|SOVEREIGN TERRITORY(2,1)|STATUS FEEDBACK(2,1)|STRATEGY COMPONENT(2,1)|SUBSURFACE DEPTH(2,1)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAW(2,1)|SYNTHESIS REPORT(2,1)|TANGIBLE MEDIUM(2,1)|TELEMETRY INFORMATION TRANSMISSION(2,1)|THERMISTOR READING(2,1)|THERMOCLINE LAYER(2,1)|THORIUM 234 MEASUREMENT(2,1)|TON FRACTION(2,1)|TRACER ANALYSIS(2,1)|TRANSMISSOMETER(2,1)|TRANSMISSOMETRY(2,1)|TREE INCREASED PLANTING(2,1)|WEBSITE(2,1)|WIND DRIVEN DOWNWELLING(2,1)|YEAR ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME(2,1)|YIELD FRACTIONATION(2,1)|DIMETHYL SULFIDE(1,7)|ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE(1,1)|ALLOCATION(1,1)|ANALOGY(1,1)|APPROXIMATION(1,1)|ARGO FLOAT(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENT(1,1)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|AVAILABLE INORGANIC NUTRIENT(1,1)|BLOOM BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT(1,1)|BLOOM IMAGE(1,1)|CALIBRATION(1,1)|CARBON CREDIT ABSENCE(1,1)|CARBON DISSOLUTION(1,1)|CARBON GRADE INFORMATION(1,1)|CARBON MARKET ABSENCE(1,1)|CARBON REDUCTION PERMANENCE SPECTRUM(1,1)|CARBON STORAGE INFORMATION VERIFIER(1,1)|CENTURY(1,1)|CHANGED PRIORITY(1,1)|CHECKSUM(1,1)|CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION MODULE(1,1)|CLOUDINESS(1,1)|CO2 REDUCTION EQUIVALENT(1,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(1,1)|COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE(1,1)|COOPERATION(1,1)|CORRECTIVE(1,1)|CREDIT MONETARY VALUE(1,1)|CUMULATIVE DATA(1,1)|DATA EXAMINATION(1,1)|DATA TELEMETRY(1,1)|DATABASE INFORMATION(1,1)|DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(1,1)|DEEPWATER SOURCE REGION(1,1)|DENSE SALINE SOLUTION(1,1)|DEPTH INTERVAL(1,1)|DISCRETE VOLUME(1,1)|DISEQUILIBRIUM(1,1)|ENHANCED IRON SUPPLY(1,1)|ENTIRE FERTILIZATION LOCATION PROJECT(1,1)||(US20090118859)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(100,45)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT DATA(100,14)|INVENTORYING CARBON(100,6)|REGISTRATION(100,6)|STORAGE UNIT(100,6)|INVENTORYING CARBON STORAGE UNIT(100,5)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT IDENTIFICATION(100,1)|PROJECT TRACKING DATABASE(74,26)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(51,52)|REGISTRATION REQUEST(29,4)|IDENTIFYING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(25,2)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(24,5)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(23,32)|PROJECT TRACKING DATABASE DATA(22,4)|VERIFYING PARTY(22,3)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION EFFORT(21,1)|IDENTIFICATION(20,23)|AREAL EXTENT(18,7)|IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT MODULE(17,4)|PRIOR OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(15,5)|PRIOR OCEAN FERTILIZATION(15,4)|DATABASE MAINTENANCE MODULE(13,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(13,1)|PROJECT LOCATION(12,8)|INDEXING MODULE(11,4)|REGISTRATION MODULE(11,4)|OCEAN REGION(11,1)|GROWING(10,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION RESULT(10,1)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(9,5)|STORAGE MEDIUM(9,3)|CLIMATOLOGY(9,1)|GROWTH CYCLE(9,1)|CO2 TON(8,5)|LATE DISCOVERED INFORMATION(8,2)|TON FRACTION(8,2)|EVIDENCE(8,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTION(8,1)|CHLOROPHYL(7,2)|SEGMENT IDENTIFICATION(7,2)|SEA(6,17)|STORAGE MODULE(6,5)|LOCATION MODULE(6,4)|UNIT CALCULATION MODULE(6,4)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM GROWTH(6,2)|STORED DATA(5,13)|IRON FERTILIZATION(5,4)|TEMPORAL EVOLUTION MODULE(5,4)|BLOOM TEMPORAL EVOLUTION(5,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION EXECUTION(5,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT VERIFIER(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY FIELD(5,1)|UNTETHERED NEUTRALLY BUOYANT TRAP(5,1)|COMPUTER PROGRAM CODE(4,3)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION LOCATION(4,3)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(4,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON STIMULATION(4,2)|PRIOR PROJECT(4,2)|RELEVANT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK(4,2)|AQUATIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(4,1)|CO2 OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|COORDINATE OCEAN FERTILIZATION EFFORT(4,1)|DIAZO TROPHIC PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|GLOBE OCEAN BASIN(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION RESULT(4,1)|NORTH PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE(4,1)|OFFSET GHG ADDITIONALITY(4,1)|ROUTINE(3,19)|CARBON STORAGE MANAGEMENT(3,8)|MINIMUM DEPTH THRESHOLD(3,6)|YEAR GRADE(3,6)|PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PHASE(3,5)|FLUX OBSERVATION(3,4)|ASSIGNING QUALITY GRADE(3,3)|METHODOLOGY DOCUMENT(3,3)|BIOLOGIC PRODUCTIVITY(3,2)|BLOOM AREAL EXTENT(3,2)|EMISSION SCENARIO(3,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT INFORMATION(3,2)|SEQUESTERED CARBON POOL(3,2)|ACCESSIBLE OCEAN COMPILATION(3,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION CALCULATION(3,1)|CDM ADDITIONALITY TOOL(3,1)|CUMULATIVE LIFETIME RADIATIVE FORCING(3,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION PREDICTABILITY(3,1)|FUTURE OCEAN FERTILIZATION(3,1)|GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTER(3,1)|GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK(3,1)|HYRDROCAST ROSETTE(3,1)|METHOD INVENTORY(3,1)|PERMANENCE UNKNOWN FUTURE SPECTRUM(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM MATURATION(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCTION(3,1)|WORLD BUSINESS COUNCIL(3,1)|CONCENTRATION MODULE(2,5)|CARBON CREDIT CERTIFICATION(2,3)|FLUX MEASUREMENT(2,3)|GRADE MODULE(2,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,3)|SEA FLOOR(2,3)|THRESHOLD MODULE(2,3)|ADDITIONALITY INFORMATION(2,2)|BLOOM COMPONENT TRANSFORMATION(2,2)|CARBON CREDIT PURCHASE(2,2)|CARBON EXPORTED PAST(2,2)|CO2 UPTAKE(2,2)|CONCEPTUAL DRAWING(2,2)|MEASURING INSTRUMENT DATA(2,2)|MEASURING MODULE(2,2)|NONCARBON DATA MEASUREMENT(2,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(2,2)|OCEANOGRAPHIC MODEL INFORMATION(2,2)|OWNERSHIP INFORMATION(2,2)|PERMANENCE PERIOD SPECTRUM(2,2)|PROJECT COORDINATION(2,2)|QUALITY GRADE DATABASE(2,2)|RADIATIVE FORCING REDUCTION(2,2)|VERIFICATION INFORMATION(2,2)|ACCURATE GRADE ASSIGNMENT(2,1)|AGE PREDICTION(2,1)|ALPHANUMERICS STRING(2,1)|BIOGENIC GAS CREATION(2,1)|BLOOM CESSATION(2,1)|BLOOM CHARACTER(2,1)|BLOOM COMPONENT BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION(2,1)|BLOOM SEEDING DATE(2,1)|BLOOM TERMINATION(2,1)|COMMUNITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(2,1)|COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE(2,1)|CONCENTRATION GRADIENT FAVORING UPTAKE(2,1)|COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL(2,1)|CORRECTED FLUX PRICE TON(2,1)|CORRECTED FRACTIONAL FLUX(2,1)|CORRECTION CALCULATION(2,1)|DEAD CELL LYSING(2,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON(2,1)|DEEPWATER CARBON EXPORT(2,1)|DOZEN TRIAL(2,1)|EXPERIMENT WEBPAGE(2,1)|FINANCIAL ADDITIONALITY TEST(2,1)|FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY(2,1)|FINELY GRADED DEPTH(2,1)|FORESTRY CARBON CREDIT TRADING(2,1)|FORESTRY PROJECT(2,1)|GEOGRAPHICAL PARAMETER(2,1)|GHG EMISSION(2,1)|INERT TRACER MEASUREMENT(2,1)|INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT(2,1)|INTERESTED PARTY(2,1)|INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKER(2,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(2,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION COMMERCIAL FEASIBILITY(2,1)|JURISDICTION ISSUE(2,1)|LATITUDINAL COORDINATE(2,1)|LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT(2,1)|LONGITUDE COORDINATE(2,1)|MASSIVE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,1)|MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC N2O(2,1)|METHANE TON(2,1)|METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT TON(2,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(2,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|NONCARBON CALCULATION(2,1)|NONCARBON REGULATION(2,1)|NONLINEAR TERRAIN(2,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN(2,1)|NORTHERN LATITUDE(2,1)|NUMERIC STRING(2,1)|NUTRIENT ARTIFICIAL UPWELLING(2,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PROJECT(2,1)|OCEAN DYNAMICS(2,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT COMPLETION(2,1)|OCEAN INSTRUMENT(2,1)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION CONCEPT(2,1)|OCEAN MEASUREMENT(2,1)|OCEAN PREDICTABILITY(2,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY MODEL(2,1)|PERMANENCE CORRELATION(2,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM STIMULATION(2,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(2,1)|POLICY DECISION(2,1)|PREDOMINANT CIRCULATION(2,1)|PREPROJECT MODELING(2,1)|PRODUCTIVITY OBSERVATION(2,1)|PROJECT PATCH(2,1)|PROJECT STANDING BIOMASS(2,1)|PROPOSED OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(2,1)|RADIATIVE FORCING YEAR(2,1)|RADIOISOTOPE SIGNATURE(2,1)|REGULATORY ADDITIONALITY TEST(2,1)|REVIEWING PARTY(2,1)|SEQUESTERING CO2(2,1)|SEQUESTRATION MODULE(2,1)|SHALLOW SINKING(2,1)|SINGLE CARBON UNIT(2,1)|SINKING PARTICLE(2,1)|TEMPERATE NORTH(2,1)|THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION(2,1)|THORIUM ISOTOPE MEASUREMENT(2,1)|UNCERTAIN ESTIMATE(2,1)|UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION(2,1)|VARIABLE SURVEY(2,1)|VERIFICATION ENTITY(2,1)|WESTERN NORTH(2,1)|WORLD OCEAN CIRCULATION EXPERIMENT(2,1)|WORLD RESOURCE INSTITUTE(2,1)|WORLDWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET(2,1)|YEAR MINIMUM PERMANENCE(2,1)|YEAR PERMANENCE(2,1)|DIMETHYL SULFIDE(1,7)|HTTP(1,7)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(1,5)|NET CARBON REDUCTION(1,4)|BASELINE CONDITION(1,3)|CURSOR CONTROL(1,3)|MACRO NUTRIENT(1,3)|PDF(1,3)|SCIENTIST(1,3)|SOFTWARE MODULE(1,3)|YEAR CARBON(1,3)|CARBON REDUCTION QUANTIFICATION(1,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON MOLECULE(1,2)|CIRCULATION PATH(1,2)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(1,2)|COORDINATOR(1,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE INFORMATION(1,2)|GEO ENGINEERING(1,2)|HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM(1,2)|HISTORICAL DATA(1,2)|IDENTIFYING CARBON(1,2)|MOORING(1,2)|NET DIFFERENCE(1,2)|ORGANIC CARBON DOWNWARD FLUX(1,2)|PROXY(1,2)|SOUTHERN OCEAN(1,2)|STORED CARBON TON(1,2)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION(1,2)|TOUCHSCREEN(1,2)|YEAR QUALITY(1,2)|ACCURATE EXPORT IMAGE(1,1)|ACCURATE MEASUREMENT(1,1)|ACCURATE VERIFICATION(1,1)|ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE(1,1)|AIR SEA CO2 CALCULATION(1,1)|ALLOCATION(1,1)|ANALOGY(1,1)|APPROXIMATE PROPORTION(1,1)|APPROXIMATION(1,1)|AREAL EXTENT DATA(1,1)|ARGO FLOAT(1,1)|ASSIGNED GRADE(1,1)|ASSIGNED QUALITY GRADE(1,1)|ATMOSPHERE CIRCULATION MODELING PROJECT(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENT(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GAS ACCUMULATION(1,1)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|AVAILABLE INORGANIC NUTRIENT(1,1)|BASELINE COMPARISON(1,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL REACTION(1,1)|BLOOM BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT(1,1)|BLOOM IMAGE(1,1)|BLOOM VOLUME(1,1)|CALCULATING CARBON(1,1)|CALIBRATION(1,1)|CARBON ACCURATE ESTIMATE(1,1)|CARBON CREDIT ABSENCE(1,1)|CARBON DISSOLUTION(1,1)|CARBON GRADE INFORMATION(1,1)|CARBON GRADING(1,1)|CARBON MARKET ABSENCE(1,1)|CARBON MEASURED TON(1,1)|CARBON MITIGATION STRATEGY(1,1)|CARBON REDUCTION PERMANENCE SPECTRUM(1,1)|CARBON STORAGE INFORMATION VERIFIER(1,1)|CARBON STORAGE VERIFIER(1,1)|CENTURY(1,1)|CHANGED PRIORITY(1,1)|CHECKSUM(1,1)|CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION MODULE(1,1)|CIRCULATION PATTERN(1,1)|CLOUDINESS(1,1)|CO2 REDUCTION EQUIVALENT(1,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(1,1)|COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE(1,1)|COOPERATION(1,1)|CORRECTION FACTOR(1,1)|CORRECTIVE(1,1)|CREDIT MONETARY VALUE(1,1)|CUMULATIVE DATA(1,1)|CUSTOM BUILT PROCESSOR(1,1)|DATA EXAMINATION(1,1)|DATA TELEMETRY(1,1)|DATABASE INFORMATION(1,1)|DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(1,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH(1,1)|DEEPWATER SOURCE REGION(1,1)|DENSE SALINE SOLUTION(1,1)|DEPTH INTERVAL(1,1)|DISCRETE DEPTH(1,1)|DISCRETE VOLUME(1,1)|DISEQUILIBRIUM(1,1)|DISSOLVED N2O(1,1)|DOT NOTATION(1,1)|DRASTIC REDUCTION(1,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATOR REGION(1,1)|ELECTRONIC INSTRUCTION(1,1)|ELEMENTAL NITROGEN(1,1)|ENTIRE OCEAN BASIN(1,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT(1,1)|EXPORTED CARBON FLUX(1,1)|FIXING CO2(1,1)|FLUX CORRECTION(1,1)|FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION(1,1)|GLOBAL NATURAL(1,1)|GRADE CLASSIFICATION(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT(1,1)|GROWING TREE(1,1)|HEXADECIMAL CODE(1,1)|HYPERSALINE SOLUTION(1,1)|INDUSTRIALIZED NATION(1,1)|INORGANIC CARBON MEASUREMENT(1,1)|INSTRUMENTATION QUALITY(1,1)|INTERGLACIAL CHANGE(1,1)|IPCC STANDARD(1,1)|IRON CHELATE FERTILIZER(1,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT(1,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(1,1)|IRON RICH SEDIMENT(1,1)|LARGE INTERNATIONALLY COORDINATED STUDY(1,1)|LATE DATE(1,1)|LATE USAGE(1,1)|MAC OS(1,1)|MAJOR SEA(1,1)|MEASUREMENT TIMING INTERVAL(1,1)|MEASURING CARBON SEQUESTRATION(1,1)|METHANEDIONE TOTAL RADIATIVE FORCING(1,1)|MODEL EVALUATION EXPERIMENT(1,1)|MODELED DECREASE(1,1)|N2O GENERATION(1,1)|N2O MEASUREMENT(1,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(1,1)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(1,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION CALCULATION(1,1)|NORTH PACIFIC INTERMEDIATE WATER(1,1)|OBSERVATION NETWORK(1,1)|OBSERVER ABILITY(1,1)|OCEAN CONVEYER BELT(1,1)|OCEAN NATURE(1,1)|OCEAN PARAMETER(1,1)|OCEANOGRAPHER(1,1)|OFFSET FACTOR(1,1)|ORGANIC BIOMASS(1,1)|OWNERSHIP CLEAR PATH(1,1)|PAMETHODOLOGY ADDITIONALITYTOOL(1,1)|PARTICLE FLUX(1,1)|PARTICLE SUSPENSION(1,1)|PARTICULATE MATTER EXPORT(1,1)|PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY(1,1)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT(1,1)|PREBLOOM CONDITION(1,1)|PREVENT OVERLAPPING FERTILIZATION PROJECT(1,1)|PROJECT ABSENCE(1,1)|PROJECT DEVELOPER(1,1)|PROJECT DIMENSION(1,1)|QUALITY CLEAR GUIDELINE(1,1)|QUANTIFYING CARBON CREDIT(1,1)|QUANTIFYING CARBON STORAGE(1,1)|RADIATIVELY ACTIVE GAS METHYLSULFANYL METHANE(1,1)|RADIATIVELY ACTIVE GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|REFERENCED DOCUMENT(1,1)|REPRESENTATIVE MODEL(1,1)|RFID(1,1)|SAMPLE CUP(1,1)|SATELLITE MEASUREMENT(1,1)|SEA GLIDER DATA(1,1)|SEAWATER PH(1,1)|SEDIMENT TRAP FLUX(1,1)|SEDIMENT TRAP READING(1,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON DEPTH DISTRIBUTION(1,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON LOCATION(1,1)|SHARED BUS(1,1)|SINGLE OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(1,1)|SOVEREIGN TERRITORY(1,1)|STATUS FEEDBACK(1,1)|STRATEGY COMPONENT(1,1)|SUBSURFACE DEPTH(1,1)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAW(1,1)|SYNTHESIS REPORT(1,1)|TANGIBLE MEDIUM(1,1)|TELEMETRY INFORMATION TRANSMISSION(1,1)|THERMISTOR READING(1,1)|THERMOCLINE LAYER(1,1)|THORIUM 234 MEASUREMENT(1,1)|TRACER ANALYSIS(1,1)|TRANSMISSOMETER(1,1)|TRANSMISSOMETRY(1,1)|TREE INCREASED PLANTING(1,1)|WEBSITE(1,1)|WIND DRIVEN DOWNWELLING(1,1)|YEAR ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME(1,1)|YIELD FRACTIONATION(1,1)||(WO2009/062108)|RETAIL ITEM(100,77)|NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(100,53)|IDENTIFIER PAIRING(69,3)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(48,63)|METHANEDIONE TON(41,3)|IDENTIFICATION(36,17)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MICROUNIT(32,8)|MICROREDIRECTED CALCULATION MODULE(29,3)|RETAIL RECORD(28,3)|MICROUNIT NUMBER(24,9)|ASSOCIATION INFORMATION(21,5)|ASSIGNMENT MODULE(17,6)|NEGATIVE IMPACT MODULE(17,2)|POSITIVE IMPACT MODULE(16,2)|CALCULATION MODULE(15,4)|NEGATIVE PAIR(15,2)|OFFSET MANAGER(14,25)|STORED ASSOCIATION INFORMATION(14,3)|STORAGE MODULE(13,6)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(13,3)|ASSOCIATION INFORMATION(13,2)|BATCH ITEM(12,1)|URL(11,3)|UPC CODE(11,2)|RETAIL PRODUCER(9,5)|STORAGE MEDIUM(9,2)|RETAIL ITEM LIFECYCLE(8,2)|DAN WHALEYMARGARET LEINENKEVIN(8,1)|FIELD CLIMATOLOGY(8,1)|OFFSET BROKERING MODULE(7,3)|RESOURCE REPLENISHMENT(7,3)|LOST TOURISM REVENUE(7,2)|MICROUNIT PAIRING(7,2)|NATIVE COMMUNITY PRESERVATION(6,1)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT(6,1)|DOLLAR(5,9)|CONTRIBUTING FACTOR(5,3)|FACTOR LISTING(5,3)|AFFILIATED ENTITY(5,2)|RETAIL GOODS(5,2)|RETAILER IDENTIFIER(5,2)|BLUE ELFIN BUTTERFLY(5,1)|POLLUTION MITIGATION PROJECT(5,1)|UNIVERSITY NATIONAL CONSORTIUM(5,1)|PROJECT POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(4,6)|CREDIT CARD PROCESSOR(4,3)|TOXIC AIR EMISSION(4,3)|COMMUNITY RESOURCE(4,2)|COMPUTER PROGRAM CODE(4,2)|FINANCIAL IMPACT(4,2)|HABITAT DESTRUCTION(4,2)|IMPACT PAIRING(4,2)|ITEM ENTIRE LIFECYCLE(4,2)|OFFSET COORDINATOR(4,2)|REDIRECTED PAIRING(4,2)|REFORESTATION PROJECT(4,2)|RETAIL ITEM INFORMATION(4,2)|BIODIVERSITY BUSINESS(4,1)|BROKERING FUNCTIONALITY(4,1)|CALCULATING MICROUNIT(4,1)|CLIMATE COMMUNITY(4,1)|COMPUTER CODE(4,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT ASSESSMENT COMPANY(4,1)|HABITAT PRESERVATION(4,1)|LANDFILL CLEANUP(4,1)|LEATHER BOOT(4,1)|NATIONAL MITIGATION BANKING ASSOCIATION(4,1)|OFFSET PURCHASE TRANSACTION(4,1)|PAIRING EXISTENCE(4,1)|PARTY CONSULTANT(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(4,1)|RESOURCE ROSTER(4,1)|SUN MICROSYSTEM SPARC(4,1)|SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY PROJECT(4,1)|WETLAND MITIGATION BANKING(4,1)|CONTAMINATION(3,5)|CONSUMER(3,4)|ASSIGNMENT(3,3)|MICROOFFSET(3,3)|RECYCLING(3,3)|REDIRECTED INFORMATION(3,3)|OFFSETTING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(3,2)|2008 BBB REPORT(3,1)|BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE RESTORATION(3,1)|BOOT NEGATIVE IMPACT(3,1)|CHILD TOY(3,1)|ECOSYSTEM SERVICE BANKING(3,1)|ENDANGERED SPECIES BANKING(3,1)|ENDANGERED SPECIES DESTRUCTION(3,1)|GALLON JUG(3,1)|GHG EMISSION(3,1)|GOODS MANUFACTURER(3,1)|INSTANCE MICROUNIT(3,1)|MICRO REDIRECTED CALCULATION MODULE(3,1)|MICROUNIT POSITIVE IMPACT(3,1)|PARTY CALCULATOR(3,1)|PROJECT COORDINATOR(3,1)|PROTECT WATERSHED(3,1)|RED RUFFED LEMUR(3,1)|RESTORATION PROJECT(3,1)|RETAIL ITEM NEGATIVE IMPACT(3,1)|RETAILER OFFSET(3,1)|STRATEGY FOCUS(3,1)|ROUTINE(2,6)|ASSISTANCE(2,2)|HECTACRE(2,2)|IMMEDIATE INFORMATION(2,2)|MARKETING(2,2)|PACKAGING(2,2)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROJECT(2,2)|REGULATORY AGENCY(2,2)|REPORTING(2,2)|RETAIL MARKET(2,2)|SINGLE RETAIL ITEM(2,2)|AA KEYBOARD(2,1)|BIODIVERSITY STANDARD(2,1)|CARBON REGISTRY(2,1)|CO2 METRIC TON(2,1)|CO2 TON(2,1)|COMMUNITY BENEFIT(2,1)|CREDIT CARD RECEPTION(2,1)|CUSTOM BUILT PROCESSOR(2,1)|DATABASE LOCAL(2,1)|ELECTRONIC INSTRUCTION(2,1)|ENDANGERED SPECIES PROTECTION(2,1)|ESTIMATED CARBON FOOTPRINT(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATOR(2,1)|IMPACT ANALYSIS(2,1)|ITEM IMPACT(2,1)|LAUNDRY DETERGENT MICROREDIRECTED VALUE(2,1)|LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS(2,1)|LOST ECOSYSTEM SERVICE(2,1)|MAC OS(2,1)|MEGA SCALE(2,1)|MICROREDIRECTED OFFSET INFORMATION(2,1)|MICROREDIRECTED RETAIL UNIT PAIRING(2,1)|MILK MICROREDIRECTED VALUE(2,1)|MONITORING DATABASE(2,1)|NEGATIVE IMPACT LISTING(2,1)|NEUTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(2,1)|NEUTRAL IMPACT(2,1)|OFFSET PAIR(2,1)|POSITIVE PAIRING(2,1)|PRODUCT PAIRED OFFSET(2,1)|PROJECT OFFSET(2,1)|PROTECTED BIODIVERSITY ECONOMIC VALUE(2,1)|PROXY(2,1)|RECORD PAIRING(2,1)|REFERENCED DOCUMENT(2,1)|RFID(2,1)|SHARED BUS(2,1)|SHOE MICROREDIRECTED VALUE(2,1)|STANDARDIZED MICROREDIRECTED VALUE(2,1)|STATUS FEEDBACK(2,1)|STRATEGY COMPONENT(2,1)|TANGIBLE MEDIUM(2,1)|TOXIC IMPACT(2,1)|VEHICLE REPAIR(2,1)|VERIFICATION STATUS(2,1)||(WO2009/062097)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(100,44)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT DATA(100,14)|REGISTRATION(100,6)|INVENTORYING CARBON(100,5)|INVENTORYING CARBON STORAGE UNIT(100,4)|STORAGE UNIT(100,4)|PROJECT TRACKING DATABASE(75,26)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(52,51)|REGISTRATION REQUEST(29,4)|IDENTIFYING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(25,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(24,31)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(24,5)|PROJECT TRACKING DATABASE DATA(23,4)|VERIFYING PARTY(22,3)|IDENTIFICATION(19,22)|AREAL EXTENT(18,7)|IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT MODULE(17,4)|PRIOR OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(15,5)|PRIOR OCEAN FERTILIZATION(15,4)|REDIRECTED CALCULATION MODULE(15,4)|DATABASE MAINTENANCE MODULE(13,4)|PROJECT LOCATION(12,8)|INDEXING MODULE(11,4)|REGISTRATION MODULE(11,4)|FIXING CO2(11,1)|STORAGE MEDIUM(10,3)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION RESULT(10,1)|TON FRACTION(9,2)|CLIMATOLOGY(9,1)|CO2 TON(8,5)|LATE DISCOVERED INFORMATION(8,2)|CARBON REDUCTION PERMANENCE(8,1)|DEVELOPER(8,1)|PLANTING TREE(8,1)|GLOBAL WARMING(7,1)|STORED DATA(6,13)|STORAGE MODULE(6,5)|FORESTRY(6,4)|LOCATION MODULE(6,4)|TEMPORAL EVOLUTION MODULE(6,4)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM GROWTH(6,2)|UNTETHERED NEUTRALLY BUOYANT TRAP(6,1)|BLOOM TEMPORAL EVOLUTION(5,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION EXECUTION(5,2)|CO2 BACK(5,1)|DAN WHALEYMARGARET LEINENKEVIN(5,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT VERIFIER(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY FIELD(5,1)|PHYOTPLANTKON BLOOM MATURATION(5,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS(4,12)|COMPUTER PROGRAM CODE(4,3)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION LOCATION(4,3)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(4,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON STIMULATION(4,2)|PRIOR PROJECT(4,2)|RELEVANT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK(4,2)|AQUATIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(4,1)|CO2 OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|COORDINATE OCEAN FERTILIZATION EFFORT(4,1)|DIAZO TROPHIC PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|GLOBE OCEAN BASIN(4,1)|NORTH PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE(4,1)|OFFSET GHG ADDITIONALITY(4,1)|SLOW GROWTH RATE(4,1)|ROUTINE(3,17)|MINIMUM DEPTH THRESHOLD(3,6)|YEAR GRADE(3,6)|PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PHASE(3,5)|ASSIGNING QUALITY GRADE(3,3)|EMISSION REDUCTION(3,3)|METHODOLOGY DOCUMENT(3,3)|BIOLOGIC PRODUCTIVITY(3,2)|BLOOM AREAL EXTENT(3,2)|EMISSION SCENARIO(3,2)|IPCC EVALUATION(3,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT INFORMATION(3,2)|SEQUESTERED CARBON POOL(3,2)|ACCESSIBLE OCEAN COMPILATION(3,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION CALCULATION(3,1)|BLOOM CESSATION(3,1)|BLOOM COMPONENT BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION(3,1)|BLOOM SEEDING DATE(3,1)|CDM ADDITIONALITY TOOL(3,1)|CUMULATIVE LIFETIME RADIATIVE FORCING(3,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION PREDICTABILITY(3,1)|DEEPWATER CARBON EXPORT(3,1)|FORESTRY CARBON CREDIT TRADING(3,1)|FUTURE OCEAN FERTILIZATION(3,1)|GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTER(3,1)|GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK(3,1)|HYRDROCAST ROSETTE(3,1)|INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT(3,1)|LATITUDINAL COORDINATE(3,1)|MASSIVE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(3,1)|METHODSCARBON GRADING(3,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PROJECT(3,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT COMPLETION(3,1)|OCEAN PREDICTABILITY(3,1)|PERMANENCE UNKNOWN FUTURE SPECTRUM(3,1)|PROJECT STANDING BIOMASS(3,1)|PROPOSED OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(3,1)|THORIUM ISOTOPE MEASUREMENT(3,1)|WORLD BUSINESS COUNCIL(3,1)|WORLD RESOURCE INSTITUTE(3,1)|WORLDWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET(3,1)|CARBON REDUCTION(2,21)|CLIMATE CHANGE(2,11)|CONCENTRATION MODULE(2,5)|CARBON CREDIT CERTIFICATION(2,3)|GRADE MODULE(2,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,3)|SEA FLOOR(2,3)|THRESHOLD MODULE(2,3)|ADDITIONALITY INFORMATION(2,2)|CARBON CREDIT PURCHASE(2,2)|CARBON EXPORTED PAST(2,2)|CO2 UPTAKE(2,2)|CONCEPTUAL DRAWING(2,2)|MEASURING INSTRUMENT DATA(2,2)|MEASURING MODULE(2,2)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,2)|NONCARBON DATA MEASUREMENT(2,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(2,2)|OCEANOGRAPHIC MODEL INFORMATION(2,2)|OWNERSHIP INFORMATION(2,2)|PERMANENCE PERIOD SPECTRUM(2,2)|PROJECT COORDINATION(2,2)|QUALITY GRADE DATABASE(2,2)|RADIATIVE FORCING REDUCTION(2,2)|VERIFICATION INFORMATION(2,2)|ACCURATE GRADE ASSIGNMENT(2,1)|AGE PREDICTION(2,1)|ALPHANUMERICS STRING(2,1)|BIOGENIC GAS CREATION(2,1)|BLOOM CHARACTER(2,1)|BLOOM TERMINATION(2,1)|COMMUNITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(2,1)|COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE(2,1)|CONCENTRATION GRADIENT FAVORING UPTAKE(2,1)|COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL(2,1)|CORRECTION CALCULATION(2,1)|DEAD CELL LYSING(2,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON(2,1)|DOZEN TRIAL(2,1)|EXPERIMENT WEBPAGE(2,1)|FINANCIAL ADDITIONALITY TEST(2,1)|FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY(2,1)|FINELY GRADED DEPTH(2,1)|FLUX OBSERVATION(2,1)|FORESTRY PROJECT(2,1)|GEOGRAPHICAL PARAMETER(2,1)|GHG EMISSION(2,1)|INERT TRACER MEASUREMENT(2,1)|INTERESTED PARTY(2,1)|INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKER(2,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION COMMERCIAL FEASIBILITY(2,1)|JURISDICTION ISSUE(2,1)|LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT(2,1)|LONGITUDE COORDINATE(2,1)|MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC N2O(2,1)|METHANE TON(2,1)|METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT TON(2,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(2,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|NONCARBON CALCULATION(2,1)|NONCARBON REGULATION(2,1)|NONLINEAR TERRAIN(2,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN(2,1)|NORTHERN LATITUDE(2,1)|NUMERIC STRING(2,1)|NUTRIENT ARTIFICIAL UPWELLING(2,1)|OCEAN DYNAMICS(2,1)|OCEAN INSTRUMENT(2,1)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION CONCEPT(2,1)|OCEAN MEASUREMENT(2,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY MODEL(2,1)|PERMANENCE CORRELATION(2,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(2,1)|POC DEGRADATION(2,1)|POC FLUX MEASUREMENT(2,1)|POLICY DECISION(2,1)|PREDOMINANT CIRCULATION(2,1)|PROJECT PATCH(2,1)|RADIATIVE FORCING YEAR(2,1)|RADIOISOTOPE SIGNATURE(2,1)|REGULATORY ADDITIONALITY TEST(2,1)|REVIEWING PARTY(2,1)|SEQUESTERING CO2(2,1)|SEQUESTRATION MODULE(2,1)|SHALLOW SINKING(2,1)|SINKING PARTICLE(2,1)|SYNTHESIZED POC(2,1)|TEMPERATE NORTH(2,1)|THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION(2,1)|UNCERTAIN ESTIMATE(2,1)|UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION(2,1)|VARIABLE SURVEY(2,1)|VERIFICATION ENTITY(2,1)|WESTERN NORTH(2,1)|WORLD OCEAN CIRCULATION EXPERIMENT(2,1)|YEAR MINIMUM PERMANENCE(2,1)|YEAR PERMANENCE(2,1)|DIMETHYL SULFIDE(1,7)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(1,5)|HTTP(1,5)|NET CARBON REDUCTION(1,4)|CURSOR CONTROL(1,3)|MACRO NUTRIENT(1,3)|PDF(1,3)|PRICE(1,3)|SCIENTIST(1,3)|SOFTWARE MODULE(1,3)|YEAR CARBON(1,3)|CARBON REDUCTION QUANTIFICATION(1,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON MOLECULE(1,2)|CIRCULATION PATH(1,2)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(1,2)|COORDINATOR(1,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE INFORMATION(1,2)|GEO ENGINEERING(1,2)|HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM(1,2)|HISTORICAL DATA(1,2)|IDENTIFYING CARBON(1,2)|MOORING(1,2)|NET DIFFERENCE(1,2)|ORGANIC CARBON DOWNWARD FLUX(1,2)|PROXY(1,2)|SOUTHERN OCEAN(1,2)|STORED CARBON TON(1,2)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION(1,2)|YEAR QUALITY(1,2)|ACCURATE EXPORT IMAGE(1,1)|ACCURATE MEASUREMENT(1,1)|ACCURATE VERIFICATION(1,1)|ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE(1,1)|AIR SEA CO2 CALCULATION(1,1)|ALLOCATION(1,1)|ANALOGY(1,1)|APPROXIMATE PROPORTION(1,1)|APPROXIMATION(1,1)|AREAL EXTENT DATA(1,1)|ARGO FLOAT(1,1)|ASSIGNED GRADE(1,1)|ASSIGNED QUALITY GRADE(1,1)|ATMOSPHERE CIRCULATION MODELING PROJECT(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENT(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GAS ACCUMULATION(1,1)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|AVAILABLE INORGANIC NUTRIENT(1,1)|BASELINE COMPARISON(1,1)|BASELINE CONDITION(1,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL REACTION(1,1)|BLOOM BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT(1,1)|BLOOM COMPONENT TRANSFORMATION(1,1)|BLOOM IMAGE(1,1)|BLOOM VOLUME(1,1)|CALCULATING CARBON(1,1)|CALIBRATION(1,1)|CARBON ACCURATE ESTIMATE(1,1)|CARBON CREDIT ABSENCE(1,1)|CARBON DISSOLUTION(1,1)|CARBON GRADE INFORMATION(1,1)|CARBON MARKET ABSENCE(1,1)|CARBON MEASURED TON(1,1)|CARBON MITIGATION STRATEGY(1,1)|CARBON REDUCTION PERMANENCE SPECTRUM(1,1)|CARBON STORAGE INFORMATION VERIFIER(1,1)|CARBON STORAGE MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE(1,1)|CARBON STORAGE VERIFIER(1,1)|CENTURY(1,1)|CHANGED PRIORITY(1,1)|CHECKSUM(1,1)|CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION MODULE(1,1)|CHLOROPHYL(1,1)|CIRCULATION PATTERN(1,1)|CLOUDINESS(1,1)|CO2 REDUCTION EQUIVALENT(1,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(1,1)|COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE(1,1)|COOPERATION(1,1)|CORRECTION FACTOR(1,1)|CORRECTIVE(1,1)|CREDIT MONETARY VALUE(1,1)|CUMULATIVE DATA(1,1)|CUSTOM BUILT PROCESSOR(1,1)|DATA EXAMINATION(1,1)|DATA TELEMETRY(1,1)|DATABASE INFORMATION(1,1)|DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(1,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH(1,1)|DEEPWATER SOURCE REGION(1,1)|DENSE SALINE SOLUTION(1,1)|DEPTH INTERVAL(1,1)|DISCRETE DEPTH(1,1)|DISCRETE VOLUME(1,1)|DISEQUILIBRIUM(1,1)|DISSOLVED N2O(1,1)|DOT NOTATION(1,1)|DRASTIC REDUCTION(1,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATOR REGION(1,1)|ELECTRONIC INSTRUCTION(1,1)|ELEMENTAL NITROGEN(1,1)|ENHANCED IRON SUPPLY(1,1)|ENTIRE FERTILIZATION LOCATION PROJECT(1,1)|ENTIRE OCEAN BASIN(1,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT(1,1)|EXPORTED CARBON FLUX(1,1)|FLUX CORRECTION(1,1)|FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION(1,1)|GLOBAL NATURAL(1,1)|GRADE CLASSIFICATION(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT(1,1)|GROWING TREE(1,1)|HEXADECIMAL CODE(1,1)|HYPERSALINE SOLUTION(1,1)|INDUSTRIALIZED NATION(1,1)|INORGANIC CARBON MEASUREMENT(1,1)|INSTRUMENTATION QUALITY(1,1)|INTERGLACIAL CHANGE(1,1)|IPCC STANDARD(1,1)|IRON CHELATE FERTILIZER(1,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT(1,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(1,1)|IRON RICH SEDIMENT(1,1)|LARGE INTERNATIONALLY COORDINATED STUDY(1,1)|LATE DATE(1,1)|LATE USAGE(1,1)|MAC OS(1,1)|MAJOR SEA(1,1)|MEASUREMENT TIMING INTERVAL(1,1)|MEASURING CARBON SEQUESTRATION(1,1)|METHANEDIONE TOTAL RADIATIVE FORCING(1,1)|MODEL EVALUATION EXPERIMENT(1,1)|MODELED DECREASE(1,1)|N2O GENERATION(1,1)|N2O MEASUREMENT(1,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(1,1)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(1,1)|NORTH PACIFIC INTERMEDIATE WATER(1,1)|OBSERVATION NETWORK(1,1)|OBSERVER ABILITY(1,1)|OCEAN CONVEYER BELT(1,1)|OCEAN NATURE(1,1)|OCEAN PARAMETER(1,1)|OCEANOGRAPHER(1,1)|OFFSET FACTOR(1,1)|ORGANIC BIOMASS(1,1)|OWNERSHIP CLEAR PATH(1,1)|PAMETHODOLOGY ADDITIONALITYTOOL(1,1)|PARTICLE FLUX(1,1)|PARTICLE SUSPENSION(1,1)|PARTICULATE MATTER EXPORT(1,1)|PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY(1,1)|POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT(1,1)|PRE PROJECT MODELING(1,1)|PREVENT OVERLAPPING FERTILIZATION PROJECT(1,1)|PROJECT ABSENCE(1,1)|PROJECT DEVELOPER(1,1)|PROJECT DIMENSION(1,1)|QUALITY CLEAR GUIDELINE(1,1)|QUANTIFYING CARBON CREDIT(1,1)|QUANTIFYING CARBON STORAGE(1,1)|RADIATIVELY ACTIVE GAS METHYLSULFANYL METHANE(1,1)|RADIATIVELY ACTIVE GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|REFERENCED DOCUMENT(1,1)|REPRESENTATIVE MODEL(1,1)|RFID(1,1)|SAMPLE CUP(1,1)|SEA GLIDER DATA(1,1)|SEAWATER PH(1,1)|SEDIMENT TRAP FLUX(1,1)|SEDIMENT TRAP READING(1,1)|SEGMENT IDENTIFICATION(1,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON DEPTH DISTRIBUTION(1,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON LOCATION(1,1)|SHARED BUS(1,1)|SINGLE OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(1,1)|SOVEREIGN TERRITORY(1,1)|STATUS FEEDBACK(1,1)|STRATEGY COMPONENT(1,1)|SUBSURFACE DEPTH(1,1)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LAW(1,1)|SYNTHESIS REPORT(1,1)|TANGIBLE MEDIUM(1,1)|TELEMETRY INFORMATION TRANSMISSION(1,1)|THERMISTOR READING(1,1)|THERMOCLINE LAYER(1,1)|THORIUM 234 MEASUREMENT(1,1)|TRACER ANALYSIS(1,1)|TRANSMISSOMETER(1,1)|TRANSMISSOMETRY(1,1)|TREE INCREASED PLANTING(1,1)|WEBSITE(1,1)|WIND DRIVEN DOWNWELLING(1,1)|YEAR ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME(1,1)||(WO2009/062093)|CARBON(100,51)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,45)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(100,39)|ASSIGNING QUALITY GRADE(100,10)|MINIMUM DEPTH THRESHOLD(72,31)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT EXECUTION(58,3)|QUALITY GRADE DATABASE(40,5)|MEASURED SEQUESTERED CARBON(40,3)|ASSIGNED QUALITY GRADE(35,4)|SEQUESTRATION MODULE(26,2)|BLOOM COMPONENT BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION(20,2)|TEMPORAL EVOLUTION MODULE(19,5)|FIXING CO2(18,1)|SEA(17,19)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION RESULT(17,1)|MEASURING CARBON(16,5)|GRADE MODULE(15,4)|CALCULATING CARBON(15,2)|CLIMATOLOGY(15,1)|VO MEASUREMENT(15,1)|CO2(14,20)|THRESHOLD MODULE(14,4)|PROJECT TRACKING DATABASE(13,11)|DETERMINED OCEAN CIRCULATION VALUE(13,3)|CARBON REDUCTION PERMANENCE(13,1)|DEVELOPER(12,1)|GLOBAL WARMING(12,1)|PLANTING TREE(12,1)|QUALITY MODULE(11,1)|PRICE(10,5)|STORAGE MODULE(10,5)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM GROWTH(10,2)|STORAGE MEDIUM(10,2)|FORESTRY(9,4)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION EXECUTION(9,2)|UNTETHERED NEUTRALLY BUOYANT TRAP(9,1)|CONCENTRATION MODULE(8,6)|IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT MODULE(8,3)|BLOOM TEMPORAL EVOLUTION(8,2)|VOLUME CALCULATION(8,2)|CO2 BACK(8,1)|DAN WHALEYMARGARET LEINENKEVIN(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT VERIFIER(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY FIELD(8,1)|PHYOTPLANTKON BLOOM MATURATION(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT DATA(7,5)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(7,3)|REDIRECTED CALCULATION MODULE(7,3)|AREAL EXTENT DATA(7,2)|AQUATIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(7,1)|DIAZO TROPHIC PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|NORTH PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE(7,1)|SLOW GROWTH RATE(7,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS(6,12)|CO2 TON(6,4)|DATABASE MAINTENANCE MODULE(6,3)|METHODOLOGY DOCUMENT(6,3)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION LOCATION(6,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON STIMULATION(6,2)|RELEVANT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK(6,2)|CO2 OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|GLOBE OCEAN BASIN(6,1)|OFFSET GHG ADDITIONALITY(6,1)|YEAR GRADE(5,6)|PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PHASE(5,5)|EMISSION REDUCTION(5,3)|INDEXING MODULE(5,3)|REGISTRATION MODULE(5,3)|BIOLOGIC PRODUCTIVITY(5,2)|BLOOM AREAL EXTENT(5,2)|EMISSION SCENARIO(5,2)|IPCC EVALUATION(5,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT INFORMATION(5,2)|SEQUESTERED CARBON POOL(5,2)|ACCESSIBLE OCEAN COMPILATION(5,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION CALCULATION(5,1)|CDM ADDITIONALITY TOOL(5,1)|CUMULATIVE LIFETIME RADIATIVE FORCING(5,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION PREDICTABILITY(5,1)|FUTURE OCEAN FERTILIZATION(5,1)|GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTER(5,1)|GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK(5,1)|HYRDROCAST ROSETTE(5,1)|IDENTIFYING OCEAN FERTILIZATION(5,1)|METHODSCARBON GRADING(5,1)|PERMANENCE UNKNOWN FUTURE SPECTRUM(5,1)|WORLD BUSINESS COUNCIL(5,1)|ROUTINE(4,17)|CARBON CREDIT CERTIFICATION(4,3)|FLUX MEASUREMENT(4,3)|SEA FLOOR(4,3)|CO2 UPTAKE(4,2)|COMPUTER PROGRAM CODE(4,2)|OCEANOGRAPHIC MODEL INFORMATION(4,2)|PERMANENCE PERIOD SPECTRUM(4,2)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(4,2)|PROJECT COORDINATION(4,2)|ACCURATE GRADE ASSIGNMENT(4,1)|BLOOM CESSATION(4,1)|BLOOM CHARACTER(4,1)|BLOOM SEEDING DATE(4,1)|COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL(4,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|DEEPWATER CARBON EXPORT(4,1)|FINANCIAL ADDITIONALITY TEST(4,1)|FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY(4,1)|FORESTRY CARBON CREDIT TRADING(4,1)|INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT(4,1)|INTERESTED PARTY(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION COMMERCIAL FEASIBILITY(4,1)|JURISDICTION ISSUE(4,1)|LATITUDINAL COORDINATE(4,1)|MASSIVE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(4,1)|MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC N2O(4,1)|METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT TON(4,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(4,1)|NONCARBON REGULATION(4,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN(4,1)|NORTHERN LATITUDE(4,1)|NUTRIENT ARTIFICIAL UPWELLING(4,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT COMPLETION(4,1)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION CONCEPT(4,1)|OCEAN PREDICTABILITY(4,1)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY MODEL(4,1)|PERMANENCE CORRELATION(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM STIMULATION(4,1)|PROJECT STANDING BIOMASS(4,1)|PROPOSED OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(4,1)|RADIOISOTOPE SIGNATURE(4,1)|REGULATORY ADDITIONALITY TEST(4,1)|TEMPERATE NORTH(4,1)|THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION(4,1)|THORIUM ISOTOPE MEASUREMENT(4,1)|WORLD OCEAN CIRCULATION EXPERIMENT(4,1)|WORLD RESOURCE INSTITUTE(4,1)|WORLDWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET(4,1)|CARBON REDUCTION(3,21)|CLIMATE CHANGE(3,11)|LOCATION MODULE(3,3)|MACRO NUTRIENT(3,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,3)|SCIENTIST(3,3)|YEAR CARBON(3,3)|ADDITIONALITY INFORMATION(3,2)|CARBON CREDIT PURCHASE(3,2)|CARBON EXPORTED PAST(3,2)|CONCEPTUAL DRAWING(3,2)|MEASURING INSTRUMENT DATA(3,2)|MEASURING MODULE(3,2)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,2)|NONCARBON DATA MEASUREMENT(3,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(3,2)|OWNERSHIP INFORMATION(3,2)|RADIATIVE FORCING REDUCTION(3,2)|VERIFICATION INFORMATION(3,2)|AGE PREDICTION(3,1)|ALPHANUMERICS STRING(3,1)|BIOGENIC GAS CREATION(3,1)|BLOOM TERMINATION(3,1)|COMMUNITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(3,1)|COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE(3,1)|CONCENTRATION GRADIENT FAVORING UPTAKE(3,1)|CORRECTION CALCULATION(3,1)|DEAD CELL LYSING(3,1)|DOZEN TRIAL(3,1)|EXPERIMENT WEBPAGE(3,1)|FINELY GRADED DEPTH(3,1)|FLUX OBSERVATION(3,1)|FORESTRY PROJECT(3,1)|GEOGRAPHICAL PARAMETER(3,1)|GHG EMISSION(3,1)|INERT TRACER MEASUREMENT(3,1)|INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKER(3,1)|LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT(3,1)|LONGITUDE COORDINATE(3,1)|METHANE TON(3,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|NONCARBON CALCULATION(3,1)|NONLINEAR TERRAIN(3,1)|NUMERIC STRING(3,1)|OCEAN INSTRUMENT(3,1)|OCEAN MEASUREMENT(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(3,1)|POLICY DECISION(3,1)|PREDOMINANT CIRCULATION(3,1)|PROJECT PATCH(3,1)|RADIATIVE FORCING YEAR(3,1)|REVIEWING PARTY(3,1)|SEQUESTERING CO2(3,1)|SHALLOW SINKING(3,1)|SINKING PARTICLE(3,1)|UNCERTAIN ESTIMATE(3,1)|UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION(3,1)|VARIABLE SURVEY(3,1)|VERIFICATION ENTITY(3,1)|WESTERN NORTH(3,1)|YEAR MINIMUM PERMANENCE(3,1)|YEAR PERMANENCE(3,1)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(2,5)|HTTP(2,5)|PROJECT LOCATION(2,5)|DEPTH TIME THRESHOLD MODULE(2,4)|NET CARBON REDUCTION(2,4)|CURSOR CONTROL(2,3)|PDF(2,3)|SOFTWARE MODULE(2,3)|CARBON REDUCTION QUANTIFICATION(2,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON MOLECULE(2,2)|CIRCULATION PATH(2,2)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(2,2)|COORDINATOR(2,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE INFORMATION(2,2)|GEO ENGINEERING(2,2)|HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM(2,2)|HISTORICAL DATA(2,2)|IDENTIFYING CARBON(2,2)|MOORING(2,2)|NET DIFFERENCE(2,2)|ORGANIC CARBON DOWNWARD FLUX(2,2)|PRIOR OCEAN FERTILIZATION PROJECT(2,2)|PROXY(2,2)|SOUTHERN OCEAN(2,2)|STORED CARBON TON(2,2)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION(2,2)|YEAR QUALITY(2,2)|ACCURATE EXPORT IMAGE(2,1)|ACCURATE MEASUREMENT(2,1)|ACCURATE VERIFICATION(2,1)|AIR SEA CO2 CALCULATION(2,1)|APPROXIMATE PROPORTION(2,1)|ASSIGNED GRADE(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE CIRCULATION MODELING PROJECT(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GAS ACCUMULATION(2,1)|BASELINE COMPARISON(2,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL REACTION(2,1)|BLOOM COMPONENT TRANSFORMATION(2,1)|BLOOM VOLUME(2,1)|CARBON ACCURATE ESTIMATE(2,1)|CARBON MEASURED TON(2,1)|CARBON MITIGATION STRATEGY(2,1)|CARBON STORAGE MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE(2,1)|CARBON STORAGE VERIFIER(2,1)|CIRCULATION PATTERN(2,1)|CORRECTION FACTOR(2,1)|CUSTOM BUILT PROCESSOR(2,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH(2,1)|DISCRETE DEPTH(2,1)|DISSOLVED N2O(2,1)|DOT NOTATION(2,1)|DRASTIC REDUCTION(2,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATOR REGION(2,1)|ELECTRONIC INSTRUCTION(2,1)|ELEMENTAL NITROGEN(2,1)|ENTIRE OCEAN BASIN(2,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT(2,1)|EXPORTED CARBON 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MODULE(1,1)|CHLOROPHYL(1,1)|CLOUDINESS(1,1)|CO2 REDUCTION EQUIVALENT(1,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(1,1)|COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE(1,1)|COOPERATION(1,1)|CORRECTIVE(1,1)|CREDIT MONETARY VALUE(1,1)|CUMULATIVE DATA(1,1)|DATA EXAMINATION(1,1)|DATA TELEMETRY(1,1)|DATABASE INFORMATION(1,1)|DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(1,1)|DEEPWATER SOURCE REGION(1,1)|DENSE SALINE SOLUTION(1,1)|DEPTH INTERVAL(1,1)|DISCRETE VOLUME(1,1)|DISEQUILIBRIUM(1,1)|ENHANCED IRON SUPPLY(1,1)|ENTIRE FERTILIZATION LOCATION PROJECT(1,1)| | (US20090119122)|What is claimed is:|1. A computer-implemented method of offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items, comprising:| determining a negative environmental impact associated with a retail item;| determining a number of units of positive environmental impact associated with a selected project;| calculating a number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item, each micro-unit representing a portion of the units of positive environmental impact equal to the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item;| assigning a unique identifier to each of the number of micro-units, the unique identifiers for association with a number of retail items equal to the number of micro-units; and| storing association information for pairings of the unique identifiers with the number of retail items.|2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising making available the stored association information for the pairings.|3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the association is available via a Uniform Resource Locator.|4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a selected unique identifier is used for labeling a selected retail item.|5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the association information is coded into the UPC code for retail item.|6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the negative environmental impact associated with the retail item is provided to a third party for display on a retail record.|7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the negative environmental impact is from carbon dioxide, the positive environmental impact is carbon sequestration, and the units of positive environmental impact are tons of carbon dioxide.|8. A computer system for offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items, comprising:| a processor;| a negative impact module for determining a negative environmental impact associated with a retail item;| a positive impact module for determining a number of units of positive environmental impact associated with a selected project;| a micro-unit calculation module for calculating a number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item, each micro-unit representing a portion of the units of positive environmental impact equal to the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item;| an assignment module for assigning a unique identifier to each of the number of micro-units, the unique identifiers for association with a number of retail items equal to the number of micro-units; and| and a storage module for storing association information for pairings of the unique identifiers with the number of retail items.|9. The computer system of claim 8, the storage module further configured for making available the stored association information for the pairings.|10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the association is available via a Uniform Resource Locator.|11. The computer system of claim 8, wherein a selected unique identifier is used for labeling a selected retail item.|12. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the negative environmental impact associated with the retail item and information identifying the number of retail items is provided by a retail producer of the retail items.|13. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the negative environmental impact associated with the retail item is provided to a third party for display on a retail record.|14. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the negative environmental impact is from carbon dioxide, the positive environmental impact is carbon sequestration, and the units of positive environmental impact are tons of carbon dioxide.|15. A computer program product for offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items, comprising:| a computer readable storage medium;| computer program code, stored on the storage medium, for:| determining a negative environmental impact associated with a retail item;| determining a number of units of positive environmental impact associated with a selected project;| calculating a number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item, each micro-unit representing a portion of the units of positive environmental impact equal to the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item;| assigning a unique identifier to each of the number of micro-units, the unique identifiers for association with a number of retail items equal to the number of micro-units; and| storing association information for pairings of the unique identifiers with the number of retail items.|16. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising computer code coded on the medium for making available the stored association information for the pairings.|17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the association is available via a Uniform Resource Locator.|18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the negative environmental impact associated with the retail item and information identifying the number of retail items is provided by a retail producer of the retail items.|19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the negative environmental impact associated with the retail item is provided to a third party for display on a retail record.|20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the negative environmental impact is from carbon dioxide, the positive environmental impact is carbon sequestration, and the units of positive environmental impact are tons of carbon dioxide. | (US20090119122)|RELATED APPLICATION|[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 60/986,281, entitled “System And Methods For Generating and Inventorying Sequestered Carbon,” filed Nov. 7, 2007, and is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/267,368, entitled “Quantification and Quality Grading for Carbon Sequestered Via Ocean Fertilization,” filed Nov. 7, 2008 and U.S. application Ser. No. 12/267,405, entitled “Ocean Fertilization Project Identification and Inventorying,” filed Nov. 7, 2008, each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.|(US20090119122)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0002] This invention relates generally to the field climatology. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items such as goods or services. These system and methods are used in conjunction with various positive environmental impact projects and technologies to result in retail items, i.e., goods or services with neutral impact on the environment. The systems and methods are useful for countering greenhouse gas emissions, resources consumed, and toxic by-products resulting from manufacturing of retail items.|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0003] Most products and services have a negative impact on the environment in the consumption of resources and/or negative effect of emissions from their manufacture and/or use. Via consideration of the lifecycle of a product or service, the approximate effect from the product can be ascertained. For example, a lifecycle analysis comprising all or a portion of the lifecycle for the retail item may include the extraction of resources as raw materials for the item, the energy consumed and by-products of manufacture of the item and its packaging, energy and pollution associated with transport of the item and/or its presence in retail, greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, energy use, and other impacts associated with use of the item, and energy and other negative impacts associated with disposal and/or recycling.|[0004] In contrast, many projects now exist that attempt to help reverse the negative effects of manufacturing and other use. For example, emission reduction approaches include the use of alternative energy sources, such as solar power, wind power, geothermal power, fuel cell technology, in addition to increasing the use of more traditional clean sources of energy such as hydroelectric power. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions provides an important component of the overall strategy for reducing greenhouse gas levels. Other strategies focus on removal of existing negative environmental factors. For example, greenhouse gas levels also can be reduced by actively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by stimulating the growth of photosynthetic organisms. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or water and incorporates or “fixes” it into the structure of the living organism.|[0005] Despite the balancing effect that could be attained by pairing these negative and positive environmental impact sources, to date no one has effectively monetized these pairings. Conventional offsets against environmentally negative factors have been on large and mega scales, with companies purchasing large amounts of offsets that they can advertise as such, but that are not closely tied to the retail items associated with the company or offset. The purchasers of products with the pairings are not able to independently identify and verify the analysis of impacts or the existence of the pairings. The present invention addresses these needs and other shortcomings of the prior art by providing systems and methods for pairing negative and positive environmental effects at the individual or batch item level.|SUMMARY|[0006] Systems and methods for pairing negative and positive environmental impacts are disclosed. The systems and methods include pairing negative environmental impacts from production and manufacturing of retail items, i.e., goods or services with positive environmental impacts from projects producing offsets for such negative effects. Through this pairing, retail items can be made be “neutral” with respect to environmental effects.|[0007] One embodiment includes a system and method for offsetting a negative environmental impacts associated with retail items, including determining a negative environmental impact associated with a retail item, determining a positive environmental impact associated with a project, calculating micro-units of positive environmental impact based on the amount of negative impact from each retail item, assigning a unique identifier to each micro-unit, and storing an association of the micro-unit-retail unit pairing. Embodiments of the invention can be implemented via a computer, though other implementations can be used as well.|(US20090119122)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0008] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an offset manager and affiliated entities for offsetting environmental impact of retail items according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0009] FIG. 2 is a high-level block diagram of a computer system for implementing the methods of the present invention according to one embodiment.|[0010] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a memory unit of the computer system according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0011] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of offsetting negative environmental impact associated with retail items in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.|(US20090119122)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0012] The figures depict an embodiment of the present invention for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention described herein.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0013] As described herein, methods and systems are described for making retail items “neutral” by assessing the resources consumed and impacts calculated in the production and distribution of items, and also potentially in the lifecycle of their use and disposal or recycling and offsetting that negative impact using micro-units of positive environmental impact produced by projects that create such positive impact.|[0014] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an offset manager 102 and affiliated entities for offsetting environmental impact of retail items according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0015] The offset manager 102 provides services and information as described herein for pairing negative environmental impact associated with retail goods with positive environmental impact associated with projects for that purpose according to one embodiment of the present invention. In addition, calculating the offset value, accounting for the values, tracking negative environmental impact, and pairing the impact with offsets are provided by the offset manager 102 according to some embodiments of the present invention. The pairing allows a producer 106 of retail items to environmentally “neutralize” those items by purchasing environmentally positive “micro-offsets,” e.g., produced by positive environmental impact (PEI) projects and project coordinators 104, that are equal in value to the negative environmental impact of the retail items on an item or batch/lot basis. In so doing, the producer 106 can label or otherwise identify the product as associated with the micro-offset. The negative environmental impact of retail items may be stored in the database 108, with or without paired micro-unit offset information. This information may be made available to retailers and/or credit card processors for providing the user a listing of the negative impacts and paired offsets of the products and services they consume.|[0016] The offset manager 102 collects data from the PEI project coordinators 104 for various projects and from various producers 106 interested in purchasing the offsets. The offset manager 102 may calculate the positive and negative environmental impacts from raw data provided by these entities 104, 106, and/or may verify the pre-calculated values provided to it, e.g., by the entities 104, 106 or by a third-party calculator such as a national consortium of universities, greenhouse gas regulators, or independent registries, according to one embodiment of the present invention. The offset manager 102 also may broker the offset purchase transactions according to one embodiment, as described further below.|[0017] The offset manager 102 calculates the number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with a project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item. For example, for CO2, the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with a project would traditionally be in metric tons of CO2 stored or removed. As an example, assume a project removed 1,000 tons of CO2. The negative environmental impact of a single retail item, e.g., a pair of leather boots, represents a carbon footprint of approximately 120 pounds. Dividing the 1,000 tons by the negative impact of the pair of boots (1,000 metrics tons=2,204,600 pounds/120 pounds) yields 18,372 pairs of boots that can be offset by the project.|[0018] The offset manager 102 assigns a unique identifier to each micro-unit, and records pairings between specific micro-units and specific retail goods, as well as additional information associated with each, and makes the information available to third parties.|[0019] One or more PEI project coordinators 104 provide information to the offset manager 102 regarding various projects with a positive environmental impact with which they are associated, and a value associated with the positive impact. The positive environmental impact of a project may be associated with various contributing factors (e.g., conservation of resources, replenishment of resources, removal of toxins, etc.), all of which may be included in the positive environmental impact of the project. In one embodiment, this data is drawn from a carbon registry.|[0020] A non-exclusive list of types of positive environmental impacts includes: reductions in greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, etc.), reductions in toxic air emissions (e.g., NO2, NO3, SO2, SO3, SO4, soot, ozone, etc.), conservation and restoration of biological resources (e.g., wetland mitigation banking, ecosystem service banking, endangered species banking, biodiversity offset projects, sustainable forestry projects, payments to protect watersheds, etc.), pollution mitigation projects (e.g. landfill cleanup), and socio-economic and community benefits (e.g., preservation of native communities and culture, increases to economic well-being, etc.). See Climate Community and Biodiversity Standards (http://www.climate-standards.org/standards/pdf/draft_second_edition_ccb_standards_version—2—0.pdf), the National Mitigation Banking Association (http://www.mitigationbanking.org), and Building Biodiversity Business (http://earthmind.net/bbb/docs/iucn-shell-2008-bbb-report.pdf).|[0021] The units of exchange used to calculate micro-offset quantities between pairings depends on the type of positive and negative effects. For greenhouse or toxic gas emissions and reductions, metric tons (or other weight unit) is a convenient choice for both positive and negative effects. For other effects that affect watersheds, forestry, or land conservation, the unit might be area (e.g., hectacres). Effects that do not have an obvious unit of exchange may use dollars as a convenient proxy (e.g., a manufacturer of a product may fund a restoration project that protects an endangered species such as red-ruffed lemurs or blue elfin butterflies), and this cost (or alternatively the economic value of the protected biodiversity) would be compared against the value of the product created by the manufacturer. Furthermore, new standards and units of measure may emerge in the future that allow a more effective pairing of positive and negative effects.|[0022] One or more retail producers 106 are producers or manufacturers of goods or services. The retail producer 106 may provide the offset manager 102 with raw data and/or values corresponding to the negative environmental impact associated with retail items. The negative environmental impact may include multiple negative impact types, e.g., GHG emissions, air pollution of various types, hazardous materials by-products, habitat or biodiversity loss, etc. In addition, the negative environmental impact unit information may be provided with information detailing the calculation of the units, including a listing of any factors considered or not. In some embodiments, the retail producer 106 may work in conjunction with a regulatory or standards agency or other third-party consultant to determine its negative environmental impact.|[0023] A database 108 is associated with the offset manager 102 for storage of information regarding the retail items and the PEI project offsets, the identifiers associated with each, and their pairings. The database 108 is a conventional type and stores the information used according to the methods of the present invention. The database 108 may be a federation of databases. In one embodiment, the database 108 may be remote from the offset manager 102.|[0024] Access to the database 108 may be by any methods known in the art, including the use of uniform resource locators (URLs), standard database querying, a web interface, etc. Similarly, a UPC code associated with a product may include information about the stored data by individual items or via a roster of resources consumed and impacts created.|[0025] Various users 110 may be associated with the offset manager 102 and may access information from the database 108. The information may be accessible at various levels for various purposes. For example, a producer or manufacturer may want to access the information for reporting, marketing, or product labeling purposes. In addition, a third party 110, such as a consumer of the retail item, a standards or regulatory agency, etc. may want to access the various data associated with the retail item-micro-unit pairing.|[0026] In one embodiment, the third party 110 is a credit card processor. The credit card processor is provided with information regarding the negative environmental impact associated with various retail items, and whether some or all of the negative impact have been offset by a positive environmental impact. The environmental impact information received by the retailer is provided to the purchaser on his or her credit card receipt according to one embodiment. FIG. 4 below describes the methods of the present invention, and shows the roles that each of the entities of FIG. 1 plays in the methods.|[0027] Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a high-level block diagram of a computer system 200 for implementing the methods of the present invention according to one embodiment. The computer system 200 can act as a client computer, a server, etc. The computer system 200 resides with the offset manager 102 according to one embodiment. Illustrated is a control unit 250, which includes a processor 202, a main memory 204, and a data storage 206 coupled to a bus 208. Also coupled to the bus 208 are a display device 210, an input device such as, e.g., a keyboard 212, a cursor control 214, a communication device 216, and an I/O device 218.|[0028] The processor 202 may be any general-purpose processor such as an INTEL x86, SUN MICROSYSTEMS SPARC, or POWERPC compatible-CPU, or the processor 202 may also be a custom-built processor. Processor 202 processes data signals and may comprise various computing architectures including a complex instruction set computer (CISC) architecture, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture, or an architecture implementing a combination of instruction sets. Although only a single processor is shown in FIG. 2, multiple processors may be included.|[0029] Main memory 204 stores instructions and/or data that may be executed by processor 202. The instructions and/or data may comprise code for performing any and/or all of the techniques described herein. Main memory 204 may be a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device, a static random access memory (SRAM) device, or some other memory device known in the art. The memory 204 is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 3. All or some of the contents of the memory 204 may be housed on a computer-readable storage medium.|[0030] Data storage device 206 stores data and instructions for processor 202 and comprises one or more devices including a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a CD-ROM device, a DVD-ROM device, a DVD-RAM device, a DVD-RW device, a flash memory device, or some other mass storage device known in the art.|[0031] System bus 208 represents a shared bus for communicating information and data throughout control unit 250. System bus 208 may represent one or more buses including an industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), or some other bus known in the art to provide similar functionality. Additional components coupled to control unit 250 through system bus 208 include the display device 210, the input device 212, cursor control 214, the communication device 216 and the I/O device(s) 218.|[0032] Display device 210 represents any device equipped to display electronic images and data as described herein. In one embodiment, the display device 210 is a liquid crystal display (LCD) and light emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide status feedback, operation settings and other information to the user. In other embodiments, the display device 210 may be, for example, a cathode ray tube (CRT) or any other similarly equipped display device, screen or monitor.|[0033] In one embodiment, the input device 212 is a keyboard. The keyboard can be a QWERTY keyboard, a key pad, or representations of such created on a touch screen. Cursor control 214 represents a user input device equipped to communicate positional data as well as command selections to processor 202. Cursor control 214 may include a mouse, a trackball, a stylus, a pen, a touch screen, cursor direction keys, or other mechanisms to cause movement of a cursor.|[0034] Communication device 216 links control unit 250 to a network 220 that may include multiple processing systems and in one embodiment is a network controller. The network of processing systems may comprise a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the Internet), and/or any other interconnected data path across which multiple devices may communicate. The control unit 250 also has other conventional connections to other systems such as a network for distribution of files (media objects) using standard network protocols such as TCP/IP, http, https, and SMTP as will be understood to those skilled in the art.|[0035] One or more I/O devices 218 are coupled to the bus 208. These I/O devices may be part of the other systems (not shown).|[0036] It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that computer system 200 may include additional or fewer components than those shown in FIG. 2 without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, additional input/output devices 218 may be coupled to control unit 250 including, for example, an RFID tag reader, digital still or video cameras, or other devices that may or may not be equipped to capture and/or download electronic data to control unit 250. One or more components could also be eliminated such as the keyboard 210 & cursor control 212.|[0037] As is known in the art, the computer system 200 is adapted to execute computer program modules for providing functionality described herein. In this description, the term “module” refers to computer program logic for providing the specified functionality. A module can be implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or software. Where the any of the modules described herein are implemented as software, the module can be implemented as a standalone program, but can also be implemented in other ways, for example as part of a larger program, as a plurality of separate programs, or as one or more statically or dynamically linked libraries. It will be understood that the modules described herein represent one embodiment of the present invention. Certain embodiments may include other modules. In addition, the embodiments may lack modules described herein and/or distribute the described functionality among the modules in a different manner. Additionally, the functionalities attributed to more than one module can be incorporated into a single module. In one embodiment of the present invention, the modules are stored on the data storage 206, loaded into the memory 204, and executed by the processor 202. Alternatively, hardware or software modules may be stored elsewhere within the computer system 200.|[0038] Referring now to FIG. 3, it shows a block diagram of a memory unit 204 of the computer system 200 according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0039] The memory unit 204 comprises an operating system 302, applications 304, a control module 306, a negative impact module 308, a positive impact module 310, a micro-unit calculation module 312, an assignment module 314, a storage module 316, and an offset brokering module 318. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the memory 204 also includes buffers for storing data and other information temporarily during the processes associated with the methods described herein. As noted above, the memory unit 204 stores instructions and/or data that may be executed by processor 202. The instructions and/or data comprise code for performing any and/or all of the techniques described herein. These modules 302-318 are coupled by bus 208 to the processor 202 for communication and cooperation with other aspects of the system 200.|[0040] The operating system 302 may be one of a conventional type such as, WINDOWS®, Mac OS X®, SOLARIS® or LINUX® based operating systems, or may be a custom operating system that is accessible to user via an application interface.|[0041] The memory unit 204 includes one or more application programs 304 including, without limitation, drawing applications, word processing applications, electronic mail applications, search application, and financial applications. In one embodiment, the applications 304 specifically utilize the unique capabilities of the other modules or units of memory 204.|[0042] The control module 306 is adapted for control of and communication with the other modules of the memory 204. The operation of the control module 306 will be apparent from the description of the figures below. While the control module 306 is shown as a separate module of the memory 204, those skilled in the art will recognize that the control module 306 in another embodiment may be distributed as routines in the other modules.|[0043] The negative impact module 308 is software and routines for determining the negative environmental impact associated with a retail item. This determination may include an assessment of the entire lifecycle of the item, or a smaller portion such as the lifecycle until it reaches the consumer. The determination also may include calculation from raw data. The negative environmental impact may include multiple negative impact types, and may be calculated in a selected, standardized unit. The negative impact module 308 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0044] The positive impact module 310 is software and routines for determining the positive environmental impact associated with a project. The positive environmental impact of a project may be associated with various contributing factors (e.g., conservation of resources, replenishment of resources, removal of toxins, etc.), all of which may be included in the positive environmental impact of the project. The determination may include calculation from raw data. The positive impact module 310 may assess the accuracy of the impact value. The positive impact module 310 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0045] The micro-unit calculation module 312 is software and routines for calculating the number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with a project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item. The micro-unit calculation module 312 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0046] The assignment module 314 is software and routines for assigning a unique identifier to each of the micro-units. If immediate information is not available about the pairing of the micro-units with the retail items, the assignment module makes an initial identification of a set of unique identifiers equal in number to the number of micro-units for the project. If the retail item information is available, the assignment module 314 includes pairing each micro-unit, by its unique identifier, to a retail item, e.g., by its retail identifier such as a serial number or lot number. In some examples the assignment is not one-to-one. The assignment module 314 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0047] The storage module 316 is software and routines for storing association information. The information may be stored in a local or remote database and may be accessible at various levels for various purposes. The storage module 316 monitors access to the stored information, e.g., my monitoring database access. The storage module 316 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0048] The offset brokering module 318 is software and routines for brokering negative impact-positive impact pairings. When a retail producer 106 wants to offset a particular good or service, the can do so with professional assistance from the offset manager 102. The offset brokering module 318 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0049] Those of skill in the art will recognize that other embodiments can have different and/or additional modules than those shown in FIG. 3. Likewise, the functionalities can be distributed among the modules in a manner different than described herein.|Establishing a Neutral Environmental Impact|[0050] Referring now to FIG. 4, a flowchart 400 is shown illustrating a method of offsetting negative environmental impact associated with retail items in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In general, the negative environmental impact associated with the lifecycle of retail items is offset using micro-units of positive environmental impact produced by projects that create such positive impact. By so doing, the retail item can be said to be “neutral” with respect to its effect on the environment—that the negative impact that normally would be associated with the retail item has been “offset” by pairing it with an equal positive environmental impact.|[0051] As used herein, retail items may include individual goods sold in the retail market (e.g., a pair of shoes, a child's toy, a gallon of milk, etc.), services sold in the retail market (e.g., carpet cleaning, vehicle repair, a spa treatment, etc.), or lots of goods or services (e.g., a case of soda cans, a bundle of lumber, etc.).|[0052] The negative environmental impact for the lifecycle of a retail item may include a “cradle-to-grave” analysis for the product, including the extraction of resources as raw materials for the item, the energy consumed and by-products of manufacture of the item and its packaging, energy and pollution associated with transport of the item and/or its presence in retail, energy and other impacts associated with use of the item, and energy and other toxic impacts associated with disposal and/or recycling. Alternatively, only a portion of the lifecycle may be included in the negative environmental impact consideration, e.g., the portion until it reaches the end user/consumer.|[0053] The method begins by determining 402 the negative environmental impact associated with a retail item. As discussed above, this determination may include an assessment of the entire lifecycle of the item, or a smaller portion such as the lifecycle until it reaches the consumer. In some instances, the value associated with the negative environmental impact may be a fraction of the number associated with the manufacture, etc. of a large number of the item divided by the number of items, i.e., such that the value reflects an approximate per item impact. In other instances, variances in portions of the lifecycle, e.g., amount of fossil fuel used to power multiple machines of unequal efficiency, may be accumulated values such that the negative environmental impact is an average.|[0054] The negative environmental impact may include multiple negative impact types, e.g., energy consumption, air pollution of various types, hazardous materials by-products, habitat destruction etc. Thus, the negative environmental impact for a retail item may be calculated in a selected unit, e.g., tons of CO2, and all other emissions or other negative impacts calculated into the selected units to determine the cumulative impact of the various negative impact types. For example, if a negative impact includes gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), the carbon dioxide equivalent of these greenhouse gases could be calculated using the global warming potential of the gas. Toxic air emissions and other forms of pollution could be measured in terms of mass (e.g., tons), volume (e.g., gallons), or in terms of financial impacts to health and ecosystem services (e.g., dollars). Destruction of habitat, wetlands, biodiversity, watersheds, forests, etc. could be measured in terms of area (e.g., hectacres), or in terms of lost ecosystem services or other revenue (e.g., dollars). Destruction of endangered species could be measured in terms of ecosystem services or lost tourism revenue (e.g., dollars). Destruction of socio-economic or community resources could be measured in dollars.|[0055] The determination 402 of the negative environmental impact for the retail item may be calculated by the offset manager 102, or may be a value received by the offset manager 102 from the manufacturer or a third party, e.g., a standards board or environmental consultant assessment company. The offset coordinator 102 may or may not assess the accuracy of the impact value according to various embodiments. In addition, the negative environmental impact unit information may be accompanied by information detailing the calculation of the units, including a listing of any factors considered or not.|[0056] Next, the number of units of positive environmental impact is determined 404 as associated with a selected project. As above, the positive environmental impact of a project may be associated with various contributing factors (e.g., conservation of resources, replenishment of resources, removal of toxins, etc.), all of which may be included in the positive environmental impact of the project. Also as above, the units corresponding to the positive environmental impact may be standardized for determining the cumulative effect across types of impacts. The offset manager 102 may retrieve the impact value from a local or remote database, may calculate the value from raw data (e.g., received from a PEI project coordinator 104), or may receive the impact value information as a whole from a PEI project coordinator 104 or other third party. The offset coordinator 102 may or may not assess the accuracy of the impact value according to various embodiments. In addition, the positive environmental impact unit information may be accompanied by information detailing the calculation of the units, including a listing of any factors considered or not. Removal of greenhouse gases or toxic air emissions and other forms of pollution could be measured in terms of mass (e.g., tons), volume (e.g., gallons), or in terms of financial impacts to health and ecosystem services (e.g., dollars). Restoration or preservation of habitat, wetlands, biodiversity, watersheds, forests, endangered species, etc. could be measured in terms of area (e.g., hectacres), or in terms of ecosystem services or other revenue (e.g., dollars). Restoration or protection of endangered species could be measured in terms of ecosystem services or lost tourism revenue (e.g., dollars). Restoration or protection of socio-economic or community resources could be measured in dollars.|[0057] From these impacts, a number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with the project are calculated 406 by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item, each micro-unit representing a portion of the units of positive environmental impact equal to the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item. For example, imagine a project for removing CO2 from the atmosphere via terrestrial plants by way of a reforestation project. For the purposes of this example, assume the entire project removed 20 metric ton (t) of CO2 from the atmosphere. Further assume the retail item is a gallon of milk, with an estimated carbon footprint of 6.19 pounds of CO2 per gallon jug.|[0058] An exemplary calculation:|20 t x 2,204.6 (pounds per t)=44,092 units (pounds) CO2 in reforestation project 44,092 (units)/6.19 per retail item (pounds in a gallon of milk)=7,123.10 micro-units (each corresponding to a single gallon of milk)|[0059] In an alternative embodiment, one or more standardized micro-unit values are established. Examples might be a milk micro-unit value (e.g., based on 6.5 pounds of CO2 per micro-unit), a shoe micro-unit value (e.g., based on 95 pounds of CO2 per micro-unit), and a laundry detergent micro-unit value (e.g., based on 2 pounds of CO2 per micro-unit).|[0060] Once the number of micro-units are calculated 406, a unique identifier is assigned 408 to each of the micro-units. If immediate information is not available about the pairing of the micro-units with the retail items, then this step may include an initial identification of a set of unique identifiers equal in number to the number of micro-units for the project. If the retail item information is available, the assignment 408 includes pairing each micro-unit, by its unique identifier, to a retail item, e.g., by its retail identifier such as a serial number or lot number. In some examples the assignment 408 is not one-to-one, e.g., in the standardized micro-unit example above in which the positive impact of the micro-units may not perfectly match the negative impact of retail items. Thus, in some instances multiple micro-units may be assigned to a single retail item, or multiple retail items may be assigned to a single micro-unit (e.g., for a batch or lot of the retail items).|[0061] Once paired, the association information is stored 410. The information may be stored in a database local or remote to the offset manager 102 (e.g., database 108). The association information may be accessible at various levels for various purposes. For example, a producer or manufacturer may want to access the information for reporting, marketing, or product labeling purposes. In addition, a third party 110, such as a consumer of the retail item, a standards or regulatory agency, etc. may want to access the various data associated with the retail item-micro-unit pairing. Access can be any of the methods described in conjunction with database 108.|[0062] According to one embodiment, negative impact-positive impact pairings are brokered by the offset manager 102. When a retail producer 106 wants to offset a particular good or service, the can do so with professional assistance from the offset manager 102. The offset manager 102 can advise the retailer 106 regarding sizes of positive environmental impact projects, timing of projects, verification status and procedures, tracking details, etc., and helps the retailer 106 find a project that is a good fit for the retailer's offset goals. The offset manager 102 may perform some of the brokering functionality via hardware, software, and/or systems designed to programmatically guide such decisions. In an alternative embodiment, a consumer could purchase the micro-offset directly from the offset manager 102.|[0063] The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure.|[0064] Some portions of this description describe the embodiments of the invention in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are commonly used by those skilled in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work effectively to others skilled in the art. These operations, while described functionally, computationally, or logically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs or equivalent electrical circuits, microcode, or the like. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times, to refer to these arrangements of operations as modules, without loss of generality. The described operations and their associated modules may be embodied in software, firmware, hardware, or any combinations thereof.|[0065] Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein may be performed or implemented with one or more hardware or software modules, alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, a software module is implemented with a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code, which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or all of the steps, operations, or processes described.|[0066] Embodiments of the invention may also relate to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, and/or it may comprise a general-purpose computing device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a tangible computer readable storage medium or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and coupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, any computing systems referred to in the specification may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.|[0067] Embodiments of the invention may also relate to a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave, where the computer data signal includes any embodiment of a computer program product or other data combination described herein. The computer data signal is a product that is presented in a tangible medium or carrier wave and modulated or otherwise encoded in the carrier wave, which is tangible, and transmitted according to any suitable transmission method.|[0068] Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims. All scientific papers, patents, and other referenced documents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. | (US20090119122)|RELATED APPLICATION|[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 60/986,281, entitled “System And Methods For Generating and Inventorying Sequestered Carbon,” filed Nov. 7, 2007, and is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/267,368, entitled “Quantification and Quality Grading for Carbon Sequestered Via Ocean Fertilization,” filed Nov. 7, 2008 and U.S. application Ser. No. 12/267,405, entitled “Ocean Fertilization Project Identification and Inventorying,” filed Nov. 7, 2008, each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.|(US20090119122)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0002] This invention relates generally to the field climatology. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for offsetting negative environmental impacts associated with retail items such as goods or services. These system and methods are used in conjunction with various positive environmental impact projects and technologies to result in retail items, i.e., goods or services with neutral impact on the environment. The systems and methods are useful for countering greenhouse gas emissions, resources consumed, and toxic by-products resulting from manufacturing of retail items.|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0003] Most products and services have a negative impact on the environment in the consumption of resources and/or negative effect of emissions from their manufacture and/or use. Via consideration of the lifecycle of a product or service, the approximate effect from the product can be ascertained. For example, a lifecycle analysis comprising all or a portion of the lifecycle for the retail item may include the extraction of resources as raw materials for the item, the energy consumed and by-products of manufacture of the item and its packaging, energy and pollution associated with transport of the item and/or its presence in retail, greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, energy use, and other impacts associated with use of the item, and energy and other negative impacts associated with disposal and/or recycling.|[0004] In contrast, many projects now exist that attempt to help reverse the negative effects of manufacturing and other use. For example, emission reduction approaches include the use of alternative energy sources, such as solar power, wind power, geothermal power, fuel cell technology, in addition to increasing the use of more traditional clean sources of energy such as hydroelectric power. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions provides an important component of the overall strategy for reducing greenhouse gas levels. Other strategies focus on removal of existing negative environmental factors. For example, greenhouse gas levels also can be reduced by actively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by stimulating the growth of photosynthetic organisms. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or water and incorporates or “fixes” it into the structure of the living organism.|[0005] Despite the balancing effect that could be attained by pairing these negative and positive environmental impact sources, to date no one has effectively monetized these pairings. Conventional offsets against environmentally negative factors have been on large and mega scales, with companies purchasing large amounts of offsets that they can advertise as such, but that are not closely tied to the retail items associated with the company or offset. The purchasers of products with the pairings are not able to independently identify and verify the analysis of impacts or the existence of the pairings. The present invention addresses these needs and other shortcomings of the prior art by providing systems and methods for pairing negative and positive environmental effects at the individual or batch item level.|SUMMARY|[0006] Systems and methods for pairing negative and positive environmental impacts are disclosed. The systems and methods include pairing negative environmental impacts from production and manufacturing of retail items, i.e., goods or services with positive environmental impacts from projects producing offsets for such negative effects. Through this pairing, retail items can be made be “neutral” with respect to environmental effects.|[0007] One embodiment includes a system and method for offsetting a negative environmental impacts associated with retail items, including determining a negative environmental impact associated with a retail item, determining a positive environmental impact associated with a project, calculating micro-units of positive environmental impact based on the amount of negative impact from each retail item, assigning a unique identifier to each micro-unit, and storing an association of the micro-unit-retail unit pairing. Embodiments of the invention can be implemented via a computer, though other implementations can be used as well.|(US20090119122)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0008] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an offset manager and affiliated entities for offsetting environmental impact of retail items according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0009] FIG. 2 is a high-level block diagram of a computer system for implementing the methods of the present invention according to one embodiment.|[0010] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a memory unit of the computer system according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0011] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of offsetting negative environmental impact associated with retail items in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.|(US20090119122)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0012] The figures depict an embodiment of the present invention for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention described herein.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0013] As described herein, methods and systems are described for making retail items “neutral” by assessing the resources consumed and impacts calculated in the production and distribution of items, and also potentially in the lifecycle of their use and disposal or recycling and offsetting that negative impact using micro-units of positive environmental impact produced by projects that create such positive impact.|[0014] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an offset manager 102 and affiliated entities for offsetting environmental impact of retail items according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0015] The offset manager 102 provides services and information as described herein for pairing negative environmental impact associated with retail goods with positive environmental impact associated with projects for that purpose according to one embodiment of the present invention. In addition, calculating the offset value, accounting for the values, tracking negative environmental impact, and pairing the impact with offsets are provided by the offset manager 102 according to some embodiments of the present invention. The pairing allows a producer 106 of retail items to environmentally “neutralize” those items by purchasing environmentally positive “micro-offsets,” e.g., produced by positive environmental impact (PEI) projects and project coordinators 104, that are equal in value to the negative environmental impact of the retail items on an item or batch/lot basis. In so doing, the producer 106 can label or otherwise identify the product as associated with the micro-offset. The negative environmental impact of retail items may be stored in the database 108, with or without paired micro-unit offset information. This information may be made available to retailers and/or credit card processors for providing the user a listing of the negative impacts and paired offsets of the products and services they consume.|[0016] The offset manager 102 collects data from the PEI project coordinators 104 for various projects and from various producers 106 interested in purchasing the offsets. The offset manager 102 may calculate the positive and negative environmental impacts from raw data provided by these entities 104, 106, and/or may verify the pre-calculated values provided to it, e.g., by the entities 104, 106 or by a third-party calculator such as a national consortium of universities, greenhouse gas regulators, or independent registries, according to one embodiment of the present invention. The offset manager 102 also may broker the offset purchase transactions according to one embodiment, as described further below.|[0017] The offset manager 102 calculates the number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with a project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item. For example, for CO2, the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with a project would traditionally be in metric tons of CO2 stored or removed. As an example, assume a project removed 1,000 tons of CO2. The negative environmental impact of a single retail item, e.g., a pair of leather boots, represents a carbon footprint of approximately 120 pounds. Dividing the 1,000 tons by the negative impact of the pair of boots (1,000 metrics tons=2,204,600 pounds/120 pounds) yields 18,372 pairs of boots that can be offset by the project.|[0018] The offset manager 102 assigns a unique identifier to each micro-unit, and records pairings between specific micro-units and specific retail goods, as well as additional information associated with each, and makes the information available to third parties.|[0019] One or more PEI project coordinators 104 provide information to the offset manager 102 regarding various projects with a positive environmental impact with which they are associated, and a value associated with the positive impact. The positive environmental impact of a project may be associated with various contributing factors (e.g., conservation of resources, replenishment of resources, removal of toxins, etc.), all of which may be included in the positive environmental impact of the project. In one embodiment, this data is drawn from a carbon registry.|[0020] A non-exclusive list of types of positive environmental impacts includes: reductions in greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, etc.), reductions in toxic air emissions (e.g., NO2, NO3, SO2, SO3, SO4, soot, ozone, etc.), conservation and restoration of biological resources (e.g., wetland mitigation banking, ecosystem service banking, endangered species banking, biodiversity offset projects, sustainable forestry projects, payments to protect watersheds, etc.), pollution mitigation projects (e.g. landfill cleanup), and socio-economic and community benefits (e.g., preservation of native communities and culture, increases to economic well-being, etc.). See Climate Community and Biodiversity Standards (http://www.climate-standards.org/standards/pdf/draft_second_edition_ccb_standards_version—2—0.pdf), the National Mitigation Banking Association (http://www.mitigationbanking.org), and Building Biodiversity Business (http://earthmind.net/bbb/docs/iucn-shell-2008-bbb-report.pdf).|[0021] The units of exchange used to calculate micro-offset quantities between pairings depends on the type of positive and negative effects. For greenhouse or toxic gas emissions and reductions, metric tons (or other weight unit) is a convenient choice for both positive and negative effects. For other effects that affect watersheds, forestry, or land conservation, the unit might be area (e.g., hectacres). Effects that do not have an obvious unit of exchange may use dollars as a convenient proxy (e.g., a manufacturer of a product may fund a restoration project that protects an endangered species such as red-ruffed lemurs or blue elfin butterflies), and this cost (or alternatively the economic value of the protected biodiversity) would be compared against the value of the product created by the manufacturer. Furthermore, new standards and units of measure may emerge in the future that allow a more effective pairing of positive and negative effects.|[0022] One or more retail producers 106 are producers or manufacturers of goods or services. The retail producer 106 may provide the offset manager 102 with raw data and/or values corresponding to the negative environmental impact associated with retail items. The negative environmental impact may include multiple negative impact types, e.g., GHG emissions, air pollution of various types, hazardous materials by-products, habitat or biodiversity loss, etc. In addition, the negative environmental impact unit information may be provided with information detailing the calculation of the units, including a listing of any factors considered or not. In some embodiments, the retail producer 106 may work in conjunction with a regulatory or standards agency or other third-party consultant to determine its negative environmental impact.|[0023] A database 108 is associated with the offset manager 102 for storage of information regarding the retail items and the PEI project offsets, the identifiers associated with each, and their pairings. The database 108 is a conventional type and stores the information used according to the methods of the present invention. The database 108 may be a federation of databases. In one embodiment, the database 108 may be remote from the offset manager 102.|[0024] Access to the database 108 may be by any methods known in the art, including the use of uniform resource locators (URLs), standard database querying, a web interface, etc. Similarly, a UPC code associated with a product may include information about the stored data by individual items or via a roster of resources consumed and impacts created.|[0025] Various users 110 may be associated with the offset manager 102 and may access information from the database 108. The information may be accessible at various levels for various purposes. For example, a producer or manufacturer may want to access the information for reporting, marketing, or product labeling purposes. In addition, a third party 110, such as a consumer of the retail item, a standards or regulatory agency, etc. may want to access the various data associated with the retail item-micro-unit pairing.|[0026] In one embodiment, the third party 110 is a credit card processor. The credit card processor is provided with information regarding the negative environmental impact associated with various retail items, and whether some or all of the negative impact have been offset by a positive environmental impact. The environmental impact information received by the retailer is provided to the purchaser on his or her credit card receipt according to one embodiment. FIG. 4 below describes the methods of the present invention, and shows the roles that each of the entities of FIG. 1 plays in the methods.|[0027] Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a high-level block diagram of a computer system 200 for implementing the methods of the present invention according to one embodiment. The computer system 200 can act as a client computer, a server, etc. The computer system 200 resides with the offset manager 102 according to one embodiment. Illustrated is a control unit 250, which includes a processor 202, a main memory 204, and a data storage 206 coupled to a bus 208. Also coupled to the bus 208 are a display device 210, an input device such as, e.g., a keyboard 212, a cursor control 214, a communication device 216, and an I/O device 218.|[0028] The processor 202 may be any general-purpose processor such as an INTEL x86, SUN MICROSYSTEMS SPARC, or POWERPC compatible-CPU, or the processor 202 may also be a custom-built processor. Processor 202 processes data signals and may comprise various computing architectures including a complex instruction set computer (CISC) architecture, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture, or an architecture implementing a combination of instruction sets. Although only a single processor is shown in FIG. 2, multiple processors may be included.|[0029] Main memory 204 stores instructions and/or data that may be executed by processor 202. The instructions and/or data may comprise code for performing any and/or all of the techniques described herein. Main memory 204 may be a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device, a static random access memory (SRAM) device, or some other memory device known in the art. The memory 204 is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 3. All or some of the contents of the memory 204 may be housed on a computer-readable storage medium.|[0030] Data storage device 206 stores data and instructions for processor 202 and comprises one or more devices including a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a CD-ROM device, a DVD-ROM device, a DVD-RAM device, a DVD-RW device, a flash memory device, or some other mass storage device known in the art.|[0031] System bus 208 represents a shared bus for communicating information and data throughout control unit 250. System bus 208 may represent one or more buses including an industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), or some other bus known in the art to provide similar functionality. Additional components coupled to control unit 250 through system bus 208 include the display device 210, the input device 212, cursor control 214, the communication device 216 and the I/O device(s) 218.|[0032] Display device 210 represents any device equipped to display electronic images and data as described herein. In one embodiment, the display device 210 is a liquid crystal display (LCD) and light emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide status feedback, operation settings and other information to the user. In other embodiments, the display device 210 may be, for example, a cathode ray tube (CRT) or any other similarly equipped display device, screen or monitor.|[0033] In one embodiment, the input device 212 is a keyboard. The keyboard can be a QWERTY keyboard, a key pad, or representations of such created on a touch screen. Cursor control 214 represents a user input device equipped to communicate positional data as well as command selections to processor 202. Cursor control 214 may include a mouse, a trackball, a stylus, a pen, a touch screen, cursor direction keys, or other mechanisms to cause movement of a cursor.|[0034] Communication device 216 links control unit 250 to a network 220 that may include multiple processing systems and in one embodiment is a network controller. The network of processing systems may comprise a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the Internet), and/or any other interconnected data path across which multiple devices may communicate. The control unit 250 also has other conventional connections to other systems such as a network for distribution of files (media objects) using standard network protocols such as TCP/IP, http, https, and SMTP as will be understood to those skilled in the art.|[0035] One or more I/O devices 218 are coupled to the bus 208. These I/O devices may be part of the other systems (not shown).|[0036] It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that computer system 200 may include additional or fewer components than those shown in FIG. 2 without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, additional input/output devices 218 may be coupled to control unit 250 including, for example, an RFID tag reader, digital still or video cameras, or other devices that may or may not be equipped to capture and/or download electronic data to control unit 250. One or more components could also be eliminated such as the keyboard 210 & cursor control 212.|[0037] As is known in the art, the computer system 200 is adapted to execute computer program modules for providing functionality described herein. In this description, the term “module” refers to computer program logic for providing the specified functionality. A module can be implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or software. Where the any of the modules described herein are implemented as software, the module can be implemented as a standalone program, but can also be implemented in other ways, for example as part of a larger program, as a plurality of separate programs, or as one or more statically or dynamically linked libraries. It will be understood that the modules described herein represent one embodiment of the present invention. Certain embodiments may include other modules. In addition, the embodiments may lack modules described herein and/or distribute the described functionality among the modules in a different manner. Additionally, the functionalities attributed to more than one module can be incorporated into a single module. In one embodiment of the present invention, the modules are stored on the data storage 206, loaded into the memory 204, and executed by the processor 202. Alternatively, hardware or software modules may be stored elsewhere within the computer system 200.|[0038] Referring now to FIG. 3, it shows a block diagram of a memory unit 204 of the computer system 200 according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0039] The memory unit 204 comprises an operating system 302, applications 304, a control module 306, a negative impact module 308, a positive impact module 310, a micro-unit calculation module 312, an assignment module 314, a storage module 316, and an offset brokering module 318. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the memory 204 also includes buffers for storing data and other information temporarily during the processes associated with the methods described herein. As noted above, the memory unit 204 stores instructions and/or data that may be executed by processor 202. The instructions and/or data comprise code for performing any and/or all of the techniques described herein. These modules 302-318 are coupled by bus 208 to the processor 202 for communication and cooperation with other aspects of the system 200.|[0040] The operating system 302 may be one of a conventional type such as, WINDOWS®, Mac OS X®, SOLARIS® or LINUX® based operating systems, or may be a custom operating system that is accessible to user via an application interface.|[0041] The memory unit 204 includes one or more application programs 304 including, without limitation, drawing applications, word processing applications, electronic mail applications, search application, and financial applications. In one embodiment, the applications 304 specifically utilize the unique capabilities of the other modules or units of memory 204.|[0042] The control module 306 is adapted for control of and communication with the other modules of the memory 204. The operation of the control module 306 will be apparent from the description of the figures below. While the control module 306 is shown as a separate module of the memory 204, those skilled in the art will recognize that the control module 306 in another embodiment may be distributed as routines in the other modules.|[0043] The negative impact module 308 is software and routines for determining the negative environmental impact associated with a retail item. This determination may include an assessment of the entire lifecycle of the item, or a smaller portion such as the lifecycle until it reaches the consumer. The determination also may include calculation from raw data. The negative environmental impact may include multiple negative impact types, and may be calculated in a selected, standardized unit. The negative impact module 308 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0044] The positive impact module 310 is software and routines for determining the positive environmental impact associated with a project. The positive environmental impact of a project may be associated with various contributing factors (e.g., conservation of resources, replenishment of resources, removal of toxins, etc.), all of which may be included in the positive environmental impact of the project. The determination may include calculation from raw data. The positive impact module 310 may assess the accuracy of the impact value. The positive impact module 310 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0045] The micro-unit calculation module 312 is software and routines for calculating the number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with a project by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item. The micro-unit calculation module 312 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0046] The assignment module 314 is software and routines for assigning a unique identifier to each of the micro-units. If immediate information is not available about the pairing of the micro-units with the retail items, the assignment module makes an initial identification of a set of unique identifiers equal in number to the number of micro-units for the project. If the retail item information is available, the assignment module 314 includes pairing each micro-unit, by its unique identifier, to a retail item, e.g., by its retail identifier such as a serial number or lot number. In some examples the assignment is not one-to-one. The assignment module 314 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0047] The storage module 316 is software and routines for storing association information. The information may be stored in a local or remote database and may be accessible at various levels for various purposes. The storage module 316 monitors access to the stored information, e.g., my monitoring database access. The storage module 316 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0048] The offset brokering module 318 is software and routines for brokering negative impact-positive impact pairings. When a retail producer 106 wants to offset a particular good or service, the can do so with professional assistance from the offset manager 102. The offset brokering module 318 is connected to system bus 208 for communication with the operating system and other modules.|[0049] Those of skill in the art will recognize that other embodiments can have different and/or additional modules than those shown in FIG. 3. Likewise, the functionalities can be distributed among the modules in a manner different than described herein.|Establishing a Neutral Environmental Impact|[0050] Referring now to FIG. 4, a flowchart 400 is shown illustrating a method of offsetting negative environmental impact associated with retail items in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In general, the negative environmental impact associated with the lifecycle of retail items is offset using micro-units of positive environmental impact produced by projects that create such positive impact. By so doing, the retail item can be said to be “neutral” with respect to its effect on the environment—that the negative impact that normally would be associated with the retail item has been “offset” by pairing it with an equal positive environmental impact.|[0051] As used herein, retail items may include individual goods sold in the retail market (e.g., a pair of shoes, a child's toy, a gallon of milk, etc.), services sold in the retail market (e.g., carpet cleaning, vehicle repair, a spa treatment, etc.), or lots of goods or services (e.g., a case of soda cans, a bundle of lumber, etc.).|[0052] The negative environmental impact for the lifecycle of a retail item may include a “cradle-to-grave” analysis for the product, including the extraction of resources as raw materials for the item, the energy consumed and by-products of manufacture of the item and its packaging, energy and pollution associated with transport of the item and/or its presence in retail, energy and other impacts associated with use of the item, and energy and other toxic impacts associated with disposal and/or recycling. Alternatively, only a portion of the lifecycle may be included in the negative environmental impact consideration, e.g., the portion until it reaches the end user/consumer.|[0053] The method begins by determining 402 the negative environmental impact associated with a retail item. As discussed above, this determination may include an assessment of the entire lifecycle of the item, or a smaller portion such as the lifecycle until it reaches the consumer. In some instances, the value associated with the negative environmental impact may be a fraction of the number associated with the manufacture, etc. of a large number of the item divided by the number of items, i.e., such that the value reflects an approximate per item impact. In other instances, variances in portions of the lifecycle, e.g., amount of fossil fuel used to power multiple machines of unequal efficiency, may be accumulated values such that the negative environmental impact is an average.|[0054] The negative environmental impact may include multiple negative impact types, e.g., energy consumption, air pollution of various types, hazardous materials by-products, habitat destruction etc. Thus, the negative environmental impact for a retail item may be calculated in a selected unit, e.g., tons of CO2, and all other emissions or other negative impacts calculated into the selected units to determine the cumulative impact of the various negative impact types. For example, if a negative impact includes gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), the carbon dioxide equivalent of these greenhouse gases could be calculated using the global warming potential of the gas. Toxic air emissions and other forms of pollution could be measured in terms of mass (e.g., tons), volume (e.g., gallons), or in terms of financial impacts to health and ecosystem services (e.g., dollars). Destruction of habitat, wetlands, biodiversity, watersheds, forests, etc. could be measured in terms of area (e.g., hectacres), or in terms of lost ecosystem services or other revenue (e.g., dollars). Destruction of endangered species could be measured in terms of ecosystem services or lost tourism revenue (e.g., dollars). Destruction of socio-economic or community resources could be measured in dollars.|[0055] The determination 402 of the negative environmental impact for the retail item may be calculated by the offset manager 102, or may be a value received by the offset manager 102 from the manufacturer or a third party, e.g., a standards board or environmental consultant assessment company. The offset coordinator 102 may or may not assess the accuracy of the impact value according to various embodiments. In addition, the negative environmental impact unit information may be accompanied by information detailing the calculation of the units, including a listing of any factors considered or not.|[0056] Next, the number of units of positive environmental impact is determined 404 as associated with a selected project. As above, the positive environmental impact of a project may be associated with various contributing factors (e.g., conservation of resources, replenishment of resources, removal of toxins, etc.), all of which may be included in the positive environmental impact of the project. Also as above, the units corresponding to the positive environmental impact may be standardized for determining the cumulative effect across types of impacts. The offset manager 102 may retrieve the impact value from a local or remote database, may calculate the value from raw data (e.g., received from a PEI project coordinator 104), or may receive the impact value information as a whole from a PEI project coordinator 104 or other third party. The offset coordinator 102 may or may not assess the accuracy of the impact value according to various embodiments. In addition, the positive environmental impact unit information may be accompanied by information detailing the calculation of the units, including a listing of any factors considered or not. Removal of greenhouse gases or toxic air emissions and other forms of pollution could be measured in terms of mass (e.g., tons), volume (e.g., gallons), or in terms of financial impacts to health and ecosystem services (e.g., dollars). Restoration or preservation of habitat, wetlands, biodiversity, watersheds, forests, endangered species, etc. could be measured in terms of area (e.g., hectacres), or in terms of ecosystem services or other revenue (e.g., dollars). Restoration or protection of endangered species could be measured in terms of ecosystem services or lost tourism revenue (e.g., dollars). Restoration or protection of socio-economic or community resources could be measured in dollars.|[0057] From these impacts, a number of micro-units of positive environmental impact associated with the project are calculated 406 by dividing the number of units of positive environmental impact associated with the project by the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item, each micro-unit representing a portion of the units of positive environmental impact equal to the negative environmental impact corresponding to the retail item. For example, imagine a project for removing CO2 from the atmosphere via terrestrial plants by way of a reforestation project. For the purposes of this example, assume the entire project removed 20 metric ton (t) of CO2 from the atmosphere. Further assume the retail item is a gallon of milk, with an estimated carbon footprint of 6.19 pounds of CO2 per gallon jug.|[0058] An exemplary calculation:|20 t x 2,204.6 (pounds per t)=44,092 units (pounds) CO2 in reforestation project 44,092 (units)/6.19 per retail item (pounds in a gallon of milk)=7,123.10 micro-units (each corresponding to a single gallon of milk)|[0059] In an alternative embodiment, one or more standardized micro-unit values are established. Examples might be a milk micro-unit value (e.g., based on 6.5 pounds of CO2 per micro-unit), a shoe micro-unit value (e.g., based on 95 pounds of CO2 per micro-unit), and a laundry detergent micro-unit value (e.g., based on 2 pounds of CO2 per micro-unit).|[0060] Once the number of micro-units are calculated 406, a unique identifier is assigned 408 to each of the micro-units. If immediate information is not available about the pairing of the micro-units with the retail items, then this step may include an initial identification of a set of unique identifiers equal in number to the number of micro-units for the project. If the retail item information is available, the assignment 408 includes pairing each micro-unit, by its unique identifier, to a retail item, e.g., by its retail identifier such as a serial number or lot number. In some examples the assignment 408 is not one-to-one, e.g., in the standardized micro-unit example above in which the positive impact of the micro-units may not perfectly match the negative impact of retail items. Thus, in some instances multiple micro-units may be assigned to a single retail item, or multiple retail items may be assigned to a single micro-unit (e.g., for a batch or lot of the retail items).|[0061] Once paired, the association information is stored 410. The information may be stored in a database local or remote to the offset manager 102 (e.g., database 108). The association information may be accessible at various levels for various purposes. For example, a producer or manufacturer may want to access the information for reporting, marketing, or product labeling purposes. In addition, a third party 110, such as a consumer of the retail item, a standards or regulatory agency, etc. may want to access the various data associated with the retail item-micro-unit pairing. Access can be any of the methods described in conjunction with database 108.|[0062] According to one embodiment, negative impact-positive impact pairings are brokered by the offset manager 102. When a retail producer 106 wants to offset a particular good or service, the can do so with professional assistance from the offset manager 102. The offset manager 102 can advise the retailer 106 regarding sizes of positive environmental impact projects, timing of projects, verification status and procedures, tracking details, etc., and helps the retailer 106 find a project that is a good fit for the retailer's offset goals. The offset manager 102 may perform some of the brokering functionality via hardware, software, and/or systems designed to programmatically guide such decisions. In an alternative embodiment, a consumer could purchase the micro-offset directly from the offset manager 102.|[0063] The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure.|[0064] Some portions of this description describe the embodiments of the invention in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are commonly used by those skilled in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work effectively to others skilled in the art. These operations, while described functionally, computationally, or logically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs or equivalent electrical circuits, microcode, or the like. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times, to refer to these arrangements of operations as modules, without loss of generality. The described operations and their associated modules may be embodied in software, firmware, hardware, or any combinations thereof.|[0065] Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein may be performed or implemented with one or more hardware or software modules, alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, a software module is implemented with a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code, which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or all of the steps, operations, or processes described.|[0066] Embodiments of the invention may also relate to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, and/or it may comprise a general-purpose computing device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a tangible computer readable storage medium or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and coupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, any computing systems referred to in the specification may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.|[0067] Embodiments of the invention may also relate to a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave, where the computer data signal includes any embodiment of a computer program product or other data combination described herein. The computer data signal is a product that is presented in a tangible medium or carrier wave and modulated or otherwise encoded in the carrier wave, which is tangible, and transmitted according to any suitable transmission method.|[0068] Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims. All scientific papers, patents, and other referenced documents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. | Family Number|(44215100)|44215100|Object of Invention|(US20090118859 A1)| (...) More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for qualifying and quantifying the results of ocean fertilization activities.|(US20090119025 A1)| (...) More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for qualifying and quantifying the results of ocean fertilization activities.|(WO200962093 A1)| (...) More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for qualifying and quantifying the results of ocean fertilization activities.|(WO200962097 A1)| (...) More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for qualifying and quantifying the results of ocean fertilization activities.|Abstract|(US20090118859 A1)|Systems and methods for coordinating ocean fertilization efforts and inventorying carbon storage unit segments in ocean fertilization projects are disclosed. The system and methods can be used to segment and identify units of carbon sequestered for storage with additional information associated with the projects. The system and methods inventory carbon storage unit segments, segment the project into single carbon unit segments, associate an identifier with each segment, and index the identified segments and associated information. The system can be implemented via a computer system.|(US20090119025 A1)|Systems and methods for qualifying and quantifying carbon sequestered in the ocean following ocean fertilization events are disclosed. The system and methods can be used to accurately quantify amounts of carbon sequestered and the minimum periods of time before which the sequestered carbon returned to the atmosphere as CO2. The system and methods assign quality grades to sequestered carbon by determining minimum depth thresholds associated with periods of time until which ocean water will be exposed to the atmosphere. The system can be implemented via a computer system.|(WO200962093 A1)|Systems and methods for qualifying and quantifying carbon sequestered in the ocean following ocean fertilization events are disclosed. The system and methods can be used to accurately quantify amounts of carbon sequestered and the minimum periods of time before which the sequestered carbon returned to the atmosphere as CO2. The system and methods assign quality grades to sequestered carbon by determining minimum depth thresholds associated with periods of time until which ocean water will be exposed to the atmosphere. The system can be implemented via a computer system.|(WO200962097 A1)|Systems and methods for coordinating ocean fertilization efforts and inventorying carbon storage unit segments in ocean fertilization projects are disclosed. The system and methods can be used to segment and identify units of carbon sequestered for storage with additional information associated with the projects. The system and methods inventory carbon storage unit segments, segment the project into single carbon unit segments, associate an identifier with each segment, and index the identified segments and associated information. The system can be implemented via a computer system.|Title|(US20090118859 A1)|Ocean fertilization project identification and inventorying|(US20090119025 A1)|Quantification And Quality Grading For Carbon Sequestered Via Ocean Fertilization|(WO200962093 A1)|Quantification And Quality Grading For Carbon Sequestered Via Ocean Fertilization|(WO200962097 A1)|Ocean fertilization project identification and inventorying|Independent Claims|(US20090118859 A1)| (...) A computer program product for inventorying carbon storage unit segments in an ocean fertilization project, comprising: a computer readable storage medium; computer program code, stored on the storage medium, for: identifying an ocean fertilization project location in which carbon has been sequestered; calculating a number of predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon stored by the ocean fertilization project; associating an identifier with each of the predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon; indexing the identifiers for the ocean fertilization project in a project tracking database.| (...) A computer program product for registration and tracking of ocean fertilization project data, comprising: a computer readable storage medium; computer program code, stored on the storage medium, for: maintaining a project tracking database comprising stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects comprising information about the project location, timing, and the areal extent or boundary of the project; in response to receiving at a project tracking database a registration request for a new ocean fertilization project prior to execution of the new ocean fertilization project, registering the new ocean fertilization project with (...) tracking database; in response to receiving at the project tracking database data corresponding to the execution of the new ocean fertilization project, storing the new ocean fertilization project data; and in response to a request for access to the project tracking database, allowing access to at least a portion of the stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects and stored new ocean fertilization project data.| (...) A computer system for inventorying carbon storage unit segments in an ocean fertilization project, comprising: a processor; a location module for identifying an ocean fertilization project location in which carbon has been sequestered; a unit calculation module for calculating a number of predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon stored by the ocean fertilization project; an identifier assignment module for associating an identifier with each of the predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon; an indexing module for indexing the identifiers for the ocean fertilization project in a project tracking database.| (...) A computer-implemented method of inventorying carbon storage unit segments in an ocean fertilization project, comprising: identifying an ocean fertilization project location in which carbon has been sequestered; calculating a number of predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon stored by the ocean fertilization project; associating an identifier with each of the predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon; indexing the identifiers for the ocean fertilization project in a project tracking database.| (...) A method of registration and tracking of ocean fertilization project data, comprising: maintaining a project tracking database comprising stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects comprising information about the project location, timing, and the areal extent or boundary of the project; in response to receiving at a project tracking database a registration request for a new ocean fertilization project prior to execution of the new ocean fertilization project, registering the new ocean fertilization project with the project tracking database; in response to receiving at the project tracking database data corresponding to the execution of the new ocean fertilization project, storing the new ocean fertilization project data; and in response to a request for access to the project tracking database, allowing access to at least a portion of the stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects and stored new ocean fertilization project data.| (...) A system for registration and tracking of ocean fertilization project data, comprising: a database maintenance module for maintaining a project tracking database comprising stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects comprising information about the project location, timing, and the areal extent or boundary of the project; a registration module for registering a new ocean fertilization project with the project tracking database in response to receiving at a project tracking database a registration request for the new ocean fertilization project prior to execution of the new ocean fertilization project; a storage module for storing the new ocean fertilization project data in response to receiving at the project tracking database data corresponding to the execution of the new ocean fertilization project; and a third party access module for allowing access to at least a portion of the stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects and stored new ocean fertilization project data in response to a request for access to the project tracking database.|(US20090119025 A1)| (...) A computer program product for assigning quality grades to carbon sequestered via ocean fertilization, comprising: a computer readable storage medium; computer program code, stored on the storage medium, for: determining a (...) will be returned to the atmosphere as CO2; measuring carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold following an ocean fertilization project; assigning quality grades to the measured sequestered carbon, each quality grade associated with carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold; and storing data associated with the ocean fertilization project in a quality grade database, the data including the assigned quality grades.| (...) A computer system for assigning quality grades to carbon sequestered via ocean fertilization, comprising: a processor; a depth-time threshold module for determining a plurality of minimum depth thresholds associated (...) atmosphere as CO2; a sequestration module for calculating carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold following an ocean fertilization project; a grade module for assigning quality grades to the measured sequestered carbon, each quality grade associated with carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold; and a storage module for storing data associated with the ocean fertilization project in a quality grade database, the data including the assigned quality grades.| (...) A computer-implemented method of assigning quality grades to carbon sequestered via ocean fertilization, comprising: determining a plurality of minimum depth thresholds associated with a location in the ocean, each minimum depth (...) will be returned to the atmosphere as CO2; measuring carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold following an ocean fertilization project; assigning quality grades to the measured sequestered carbon, each quality grade associated with carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold; and storing data associated with the ocean fertilization project in a quality grade database, the data including the assigned quality grades.|(WO200962093 A1)|1. A computer-implemented method of assigning quality grades to carbon sequestered via ocean fertilization, comprising: determining a plurality of minimum depth thresholds associated with a location in the ocean, each minimum depth (...) will be returned to the atmosphere as CO2; measuring carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold following an ocean fertilization project; assigning quality grades to the measured sequestered carbon, each quality grade associated with carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold; and storing data associated with the ocean fertilization project in a quality grade database, the data including the assigned quality grades.|16. A computer program product for assigning quality grades to carbon sequestered via ocean fertilization, comprising: a computer readable storage medium; computer program code, stored on the storage medium, for: determining a (...) will be returned to the atmosphere as CO2; measuring carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold following an ocean fertilization project; assigning quality grades to the measured sequestered carbon, each quality grade associated with carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold; and storing data associated with the ocean fertilization project in a quality grade database, the data including the assigned quality grades.|8. A computer system for assigning quality grades to carbon sequestered via ocean fertilization, comprising: a processor; a depth-time threshold module for determining a plurality of minimum depth thresholds associated (...) atmosphere as CO2; a sequestration module for calculating carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold following an ocean fertilization project; a grade module for assigning quality grades to the measured sequestered carbon, each quality grade associated with carbon sequestered below each minimum depth threshold; and a storage module for storing data associated with the ocean fertilization project in a quality grade database, the data including the assigned quality grades.|(WO200962097 A1)|1. A computer-implemented method of inventorying carbon storage unit segments in an ocean fertilization project, comprising: identifying an ocean fertilization project location in which carbon has been sequestered; calculating a number of predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon stored by the ocean fertilization project; associating an identifier with each of the predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon; indexing the identifiers for the ocean fertilization project in a project tracking database.|10. A computer program product for inventorying carbon storage unit segments in an ocean fertilization project, comprising: a computer readable storage medium; computer program code, stored on the storage medium, for: identifying an ocean fertilization project location in which carbon has been sequestered; calculating a number of predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon stored by the ocean fertilization project; associating an identifier with each of the predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon; indexing the identifiers for the ocean fertilization project in a project tracking database.|12. A method of registration and tracking of ocean fertilization project data, comprising: maintaining a project tracking database comprising stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects comprising information about the project location, timing, and the areal extent or boundary of the project; in response to receiving at a project tracking database a registration request for a new ocean fertilization project prior to execution of the new ocean fertilization project, registering the new ocean fertilization project with the project tracking database; in response to receiving at the project tracking database data corresponding to the execution of the new ocean fertilization project, storing the new ocean fertilization project data; and in response to a request for access to the project tracking database, allowing access to at least a portion of the stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects and stored new ocean fertilization project data.|15. A system for registration and tracking of ocean fertilization project data, comprising: a database maintenance module for maintaining a project tracking database comprising stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects comprising information about the project location, timing, and the areal extent or boundary of the project; a registration module for registering a new ocean fertilization project with the project tracking database in response to receiving at a project tracking database a registration request for the new ocean fertilization project prior to execution of the new ocean fertilization project; a storage module for storing the new ocean fertilization project data in response to receiving at the project tracking database data corresponding to the execution of the new ocean fertilization project; and a third party access module for allowing access to at least a portion of the stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects and stored new ocean fertilization project data in response to a request for access to the project tracking database.|18. A computer program product for registration and tracking of ocean fertilization project data, comprising: a computer readable storage medium; computer program code, stored on the storage medium, for: maintaining a project tracking database comprising stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects comprising information about the project location, timing, and the areal extent or boundary of the project; in response to receiving at a project tracking database a registration request for a new ocean fertilization project prior to execution of the new ocean fertilization project, registering the new ocean fertilization project with (...) tracking database; in response to receiving at the project tracking database data corresponding to the execution of the new ocean fertilization project, storing the new ocean fertilization project data; and in response to a request for access to the project tracking database, allowing access to at least a portion of the stored data for prior ocean fertilization projects and stored new ocean fertilization project data.|6. A computer system for inventorying carbon storage unit segments in an ocean fertilization project, comprising: a processor; a location module for identifying an ocean fertilization project location in which carbon has been sequestered; a unit calculation module for calculating a number of predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon stored by the ocean fertilization project; an identifier assignment module for associating an identifier with each of the predetermined mass units of the sequestered carbon; an indexing module for indexing the identifiers for the ocean fertilization project in a project tracking database.| | Chemical engineering|IT methods for management | G06Q-010/00|G06Q-010/08/7|Y02P-090/845 | G06Q-010/00|G06Q-010/08/7|Y02P-090/845 | B01J-019/00|G06F-007/06|G06F-019/00|G06Q-010/00 | B01J-019/00|G06F-007/06|G06F-019/00|G06Q-010/00|G06Q-030/00 | PCLO=705001100|PCLO=700214000|PCLO=702023000|PCLX=700225000|PCLX=700229000|PCLX=705028000 | PCLO=705001000|PCLO=700214000 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state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US12267495|Application date=2008-11-07|Standardized application number=2008US-12267495|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:SHANKER, JULIE MEYERS|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=3689|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: SMALL|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=No|Event publication date=2008-11-24|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2008-11-24|Event code=US/INCD|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice Mailed--Application Incomplete--Filing Date Assigned|Event publication date=2008-12-11|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignors:WHALEY, DAN;LEINEN, MARGARET;WHILDEN, KEVIN|Reel/frame:021967/0619;SIGNING DATES FROM 20081107 TO 20081114|OWNER:CLIMOS INC., CALIFORNIA|Event publication date=2008-12-19|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|Event publication date=2008-12-19|Event code=US/RECEIPTUP|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt - Updated|Event publication date=2009-04-06|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2009-05-07|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20090119122|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2009-05-07|Standardized publication number=US20090119122|Event publication date=2009-05-07|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2010-03-31|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2010-10-27|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2010-11-30|Event code=US/PET|Event group=APL|Petition Entered|Event publication date=2011-03-07|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2011-04-11|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2011-04-14|Event code=US/101NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 101 - subject matter not patentable|RJD=2011-04-14|R4R=101|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-7|Event publication date=2011-04-14|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2011-04-14|R4R=103a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-3, 7-10 and 14-17; 4-5 and 11; 6, 13 and 19|RJCT=US20020143693|RJCT=US6581829|RJCT=US20060089851|RJCT=US20060010021|Event publication date=2011-11-08|Event code=US/ABNOA|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force OAO|Abandoned -- Failure to Respond to an Office Action|(US20090119025)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US20090119025|Actual or expected expiration date=2012-02-03|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US12267368|Application date=2008-11-07|Standardized application number=2008US-12267368|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:CHERRY, STEPHEN J|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=2857|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: SMALL|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=No|Event publication date=2008-11-25|Event code=US/INCD|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice Mailed--Application Incomplete--Filing Date Assigned|Event publication date=2008-11-25|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2008-12-11|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignors:WHALEY, DAN;LEINEN, MARGARET;WHILDEN, KEVIN|Reel/frame:021967/0604;SIGNING DATES FROM 20081107 TO 20081114|OWNER:CLIMOS INC., CALIFORNIA|Event publication date=2008-12-23|Event code=US/RECEIPTUP|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt - Updated|Event publication date=2009-05-07|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20090119025|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2009-05-07|Standardized publication number=US20090119025|Event publication date=2009-05-07|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2010-03-31|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2010-07-21|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2010-10-13|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2010-10-27|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2010-10-29|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2010-11-30|Event code=US/PET|Event group=APL|Petition Entered|Event publication date=2011-06-20|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2011-06-22|Event code=US/101NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 101 - subject matter not patentable|RJD=2011-06-22|R4R=101|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-7; 1-7 and 16-21|Event publication date=2012-02-03|Event code=US/ABNOA|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force OAO|Abandoned -- Failure to Respond to an Office Action|(US20090118859)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US20090118859|Actual or expected expiration date=2012-03-28|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US12267405|Application date=2008-11-07|Standardized application number=2008US-12267405|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:BHAT, ADITYA S|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=2857|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: null|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=No|Event publication date=2008-12-02|Event code=US/INCD|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice Mailed--Application Incomplete--Filing Date Assigned|Event publication date=2008-12-02|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2008-12-11|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignors:WHALEY, DAN;LEINEN, MARGARET;WHILDEN, KEVIN|Reel/frame:021967/0613;SIGNING DATES FROM 20081107 TO 20081114|OWNER:CLIMOS INC., CALIFORNIA|Event publication date=2008-12-19|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|Event publication date=2008-12-19|Event code=US/RECEIPTUP|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt - Updated|Event publication date=2009-05-07|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20090118859|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2009-05-07|Standardized publication number=US20090118859|Event publication date=2009-05-07|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2009-11-16|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2010-03-18|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2010-03-31|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2010-10-27|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2010-11-30|Event code=US/PET|Event group=APL|Petition Entered|Event publication date=2011-03-06|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2011-09-08|Event code=US/RESTREQ|Event group=Examination events Corrections OAO|Restriction/Election Requirement|Event publication date=2012-03-28|Event code=US/ABNOA|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force OAO|Abandoned -- Failure to Respond to an Office Action|(WO2009/062108)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2009/062108|Actual or expected expiration date=2011-05-07|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOUS2008082898|Application date=2008-11-07|Standardized application number=2008WO-US82898|Event publication date=2009-05-14|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2009062108|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2009-05-14|Standardized publication number=WO200962108|Event publication date=2011-05-07|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-05-08|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2010-05-08|Event code=WO/NENP|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Non-entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-12-08|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP Corresponding appl: EP08847514|Event publication date=2009-07-08|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2010-12-08|Event code=WO/122|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|EP: PCT app. not ent. europ. phase|EP: PCT anmeldung nicht in europaeische phase eingetreten|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|(WO2009/062097)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2009/062097|Actual or expected expiration date=2011-05-07|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOUS2008082885|Application date=2008-11-07|Standardized application number=2008WO-US82885|Event publication date=2009-05-14|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2009062097|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2009-05-14|Standardized publication number=WO200962097|Event publication date=2011-05-07|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-05-08|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2010-05-08|Event code=WO/NENP|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Non-entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-12-08|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP Corresponding appl: EP08847667|Event publication date=2009-07-08|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2010-12-08|Event code=WO/122|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|EP: PCT app. not ent. europ. phase|EP: PCT anmeldung nicht in europaeische phase eingetreten|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|(WO2009/062093)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2009/062093|Actual or expected expiration date=2011-05-07|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2008-11-07|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOUS2008082879|Application date=2008-11-07|Standardized application number=2008WO-US82879|Event publication date=2009-05-14|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2009062093|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2009-05-14|Standardized publication number=WO200962093|Event publication date=2011-05-07|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-05-08|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2010-05-08|Event code=WO/NENP|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Non-entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-12-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP Corresponding appl: EP08847372|Event publication date=2009-07-08|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2010-12-29|Event code=WO/122|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|EP: PCT app. not ent. europ. phase|EP: PCT anmeldung nicht in europaeische phase eingetreten|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP | (WO2009/062108)|ARIPO: GH, GM, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2009/062108)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2009/062108)|EPO: DE, NO, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, GB, IE, EE, CH, MT, IS, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2009/062108)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2009/062108)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, BH, JP, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, ST, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PG, PH, PL|(WO2009/062097)|ARIPO: GH, GM, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2009/062097)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2009/062097)|EPO: DE, NO, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, GB, IE, EE, CH, MT, IS, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2009/062097)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2009/062097)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, BH, JP, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, ST, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PG, PH, PL|(WO2009/062093)|ARIPO: GH, GM, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2009/062093)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2009/062093)|EPO: DE, NO, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, GB, IE, EE, CH, MT, IS, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2009/062093)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2009/062093)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, BH, JP, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, ST, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PG, PH, PL | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=lOckPE/DvcPsp3L1ZH6bqoDOQ6NLC580JjY7t3dG27jB3cyffD7Soc3HTZ4K3xLA34T3rrXcRGc=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US20090119122&ekey=1088&xpn=US20090119122&kind=A1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/12267495/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=36ffrKX8Y2tntVd3cttdXcRHIQdPpfyajIQBIFKxQPE%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO2009/062108)|US|(WO2009/062097)|US|(WO2009/062093)|US|(US20090119122)|US|(US20090118859)|US|(US20090119025)|US | (WO2009/062108)|NAME=CLIMOS 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2009/062097)|NAME=CLIMOS 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2009/062093)|NAME=CLIMOS 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107 , COUNTRY=US|(US20090119122)|NAME=Climos , CITY=San Francisco , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US , ATYP=US Company|(US20090118859)|NAME=CLIMOS , CITY=San Francisco , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US , ATYP=US Company|(US20090119025)|NAME=CLIMOS , CITY=San Francisco , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US , ATYP=US Company | (US20090119122)|US|(US20090119025)|US|(US20090118859)|US|(WO2009/062108)|US|(WO2009/062097)|US|(WO2009/062093)|US | (US20090119122)|NAME=FENWICK & WEST LLP SILICON VALLEY CENTER, 801 CALIFORNIA STREET , CITY=MOUNTAIN VIEW , STATE=CA , POSTCODE=94041 , COUNTRY=US|(US20090119025)|NAME=FENWICK & WEST LLP SILICON VALLEY CENTER, 801 CALIFORNIA STREET , CITY=MOUNTAIN VIEW , STATE=CA , POSTCODE=94041 , COUNTRY=US|(US20090118859)|NAME=FENWICK & WEST LLP SILICON VALLEY CENTER, 801 CALIFORNIA STREET , CITY=MOUNTAIN VIEW , STATE=CA , POSTCODE=94041 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2009/062108)|NAME=BUSH, Jennifer, R. et al. Fenwick & West LLP, Silicon Valley Center, 801 California Street, Mountain View, CA 94041 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2009/062097)|NAME=BUSH, Jennifer, R. et al. Fenwick & West LLP, Silicon Valley Center, 801 California Street, Mountain, CA 94041 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2009/062093)|NAME=BUSH, Jennifer, R. et al. Fenwick & West LLP, Silicon Valley Center, 801 California Street, Mountain View, CA 94041 , COUNTRY=US | (US20090119122)|US; US; US|(US20090119025)|US; US; US|(US20090118859)|US; US; US|(WO2009/062108)|US; US; US|(WO2009/062097)|US; US; US|(WO2009/062093)|US; US; US | (US20090119122)|NAME=Whaley Dan, CITY=San Francisco, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Leinen Margaret, CITY=Alexandria, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Whilden Kevin, CITY=San Francisco, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20090119025)|NAME=Whaley Dan, CITY=San Francisco, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Leinen Margaret, CITY=Alexandria, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Whilden Kevin, CITY=San Francisco, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20090118859)|NAME=Whaley Dan, CITY=San Francisco, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Leinen Margaret, CITY=Alexandria, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Whilden Kevin, CITY=San Francisco, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(WO2009/062108)|NAME=WHALEY, Dan Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US |NAME=LEINEN, Margaret Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US |NAME=WHILDEN, Kevin Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US|(WO2009/062097)|NAME=WHALEY, Dan C/o Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US |NAME=LEINEN, Margaret C/o Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US |NAME=WHILDEN, Kevin C/o Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US|(WO2009/062093)|NAME=WHALEY, Dan c/o Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US |NAME=LEINEN, Margaret c/o Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US |NAME=WHILDEN, Kevin c/o Climos, 512 Second Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, COUNTRY=US | Titre: (US20090119122)|Retail Item - Offset Pairing for Neutral Environmental Impact Résumé: (US20090119122)|Systems and methods for pairing negative and positive environmental impacts are disclosed. The system and methods include pairing negative environmental impacts from retail item production and manufacturing with positive environmental impacts from projects, resulting in retail items that are neutral with respect to environmental effects. The systems and methods offset negative environmental impact for retail items by determining a positive environmental impact associated with a project and calculating micro-units based on the amount of negative impact from each retail item. A unique identifier is assigned to each micro-unit and the micro-unit-retail unit pairing is stored. The system can be implemented via a computer system. | 0.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on offsetting environmental impacts from retail items and does not discuss ocean fertilization or related processes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | GB0704758 | GB0709362|GB0704758 | GB2447513|GB0709362|GB0704758 | 17863068 | GB2447513 A 2008-09-17 [GB2447513]|GB0709362 D0 2007-06-27 [GB200709362]|GB0704758 D0 2007-04-18 [GB200704758] | 2007-03-13 | 2007-05-16|2007-03-13 | 2008-09-17|2007-06-27|2007-04-18 | (GB2447513)|2013-03-06|(GB0704758)|2010-09-29 | (GB2447513)|Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal | (GB2447513)|Carbon dioxide is permanently and economically removed from the atmosphere on a huge scale by adding powdered limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) or dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2) to the ocean so it reaches a depth where it can dissolve 5. Dissolved limestone returns to the surface at 7 in upwelling current 6. The dissolved limestone will increase the alkalinity of the ocean and encourages the ocean to dissolve more carbon dioxide to maintain an equilibrium. Preferably the material may be formed into a slurry with water and discharged in the ocean such that the plume drops to a depth where carbonate ion concentration is below the solubility limit for calcium carbonate. The solubility of the limestone may be enhanced by ocean fertilization. | COOPER JEREMY B | (GB2447513)|JEREMY BERNARD COOPER|(GB0709362)|COOPER, JEREMY B|(GB0704758)|COOPER, JEREMY B | COOPER JEREMY BERNARD | (GB2447513)|JEREMY BERNARD COOPER | (GB2447513)|Particle Size The limestone and/or dolomite should preferably be ground to powder to control the speed of descent, and provide a large and accessible surface area in order to make it dissolve more quickly.|The scheme proposed here is not only relatively inexpensive but also easy to monitor and enforce and has the further advantage of alleviating the increase in ocean acidity which is stunting the growth of many forms of sea life, including for example coral.|It is not the supply that is limited, but the availability of the organic ligands, produced by living organisms, that maintain the iron in solution in the alkaline ocean water.|The problem with trying to add iron is its very low solubility.|These options for dealing with small scale carbon dioxide emissions are likely to be very expensive and moreover could not be extended to cover aircraft emissions or gas hobs etc. and would be difficult to enforce worldwide.| | (GB2447513)|1. A process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by dumping limestone (CaCO 3 ) and/or dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) into the ocean in a location that ensures a worthwhile proportion dissolves.| | (GB2447513)|This invention relates to the prevention of global warming.| | (GB2447513)|SEA(100,45)|METHANEDIONE(100,29)|DOLOMITE(100,8)|CACO(100,5)|CAMG(100,3)|DUMPING LIMESTONE(100,3)|WORTHWHILE PROPORTION(100,3)|OCEAN ACIDITY(100,1)|AIRCRAFT EMISSION(87,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(75,6)|REDUCTION EXPECTATION(75,2)|ORGANIC LIGAND(70,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(68,3)|LIMESTONE(51,43)|DESCENT(44,1)|LIVING ORGANISM(44,1)|OCEAN WATER ALKALINITY(44,1)|SMALL SCALE METHANEDIONE EMISSION(36,1)|CORAL(34,2)|AVERAGE OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE(34,1)|ENFORCEMENT COMMISSION(29,3)|TONNE LIMESTONE TANKER DISCHARGING(29,1)|MAX LIMESTONE(28,5)|UPWELLING ANTARCTIC WATER(28,5)|GLOBAL WARMING(28,4)|LIMESTONE DUMPER(28,3)|SOLUBILITY LIMIT(28,3)|DEEP WATER UPWELL(28,2)|SOLUBILITY(27,4)|GAS HOB(27,1)|LIMESTONE NINE MILLION TONNE(27,1)|SCIENTIFIC PANEL(26,6)|CARLETON COLLEGE(25,3)|MILKY PLUME(25,3)|AGREED LIMESTONE CONSTRAINT(25,1)|ARCTIC EQUILIBRIUM METHANEDIONE(25,1)|METHANEDIONE MILLION TONNE(25,1)|COASTAL QUARRY(24,2)|LIMESTONE TONNE(24,2)|DUMPER SUPER TANKER(23,1)|LEVY PAID CERTIFICATE(23,1)|LIMESTONE DUMPING BUSINESS(23,1)|MARINE SURFACE CALCIUM(23,1)|METHANEDIONE ANNUAL AVAILABILITY(23,1)|PLUME OVERSIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATION(23,1)|SINKING DECAYING BIOMASS(23,1)|THERMOHALINE OCEAN CIRCULATION(23,1)|WORLDWIDE METHANEDIONE EMISSION PROPORTION(23,1)|DOWNWELLING ZONE(22,3)|ENTRAINMENT COEFFICIENT(22,3)|SEA LIFE(22,3)|LIMESTONE EXTRA MOLE(22,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE COLLAPSE(21,1)|INTERNATIONALLY TRADED FUEL(21,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE CONTRACT(21,1)|THERMO HALINE OCEAN CIRCULATION(21,1)|WIDENING PORE REALITY(21,1)|LIMESTONE DILUTION(19,2)|OCEAN TURBULENCE(19,2)|ARCTIC DOWNWELLING DEPTH(19,1)|CALCIUM INTIMATE COLLOCATION(19,1)|DEAD ORGANISM RAIN(19,1)|EXTRA METHANEDIONE MOLE(19,1)|GEOSCIENCE FACULTY(19,1)|HUNDRED THOUSAND BILLION TONNE(19,1)|POLITICAL MESSINESS(19,1)|ULTIMATE UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL(19,1)|CLOUD VELOCITY(18,2)|ROSS HEATH(18,2)|COMPENSATION DEPTH(17,4)|ANTARCTIC CARBONATE ION(17,1)|ANTARCTIC EQUILIBRIUM(17,1)|BULK OCEAN CARBONATE(17,1)|CIRCUMNAVIGATE GLOBE(17,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION UPWELLING(17,1)|DISSOLVING LIMESTONE ATMOSPHERE(17,1)|DOLOMITE TONNE(17,1)|LIMESTONE UTILIZATION(17,1)|MAXIMUM DISSOLVABLE LIMESTONE DUMP(17,1)|OCEAN CARBONATE CHEMISTRY(17,1)|PETROL 4P LITER(17,1)|SELL GENERIC CONTRACT(17,1)|SPEED CONTROL(17,1)|UK LIMESTONE REQUIREMENT(17,1)|WEAKLY ACIDIC ANION(17,1)|YEAR DUMPING FUTURE(17,1)|DOWNWELL ZONE(16,2)|SHALLOW DEPTH(15,3)|ANTARCTIC ANALYSIS(15,2)|HUNDRED YEAR(15,2)|SPHERICAL PARTICLE(15,2)|DISSOLVING RATE(14,7)|TONNE YEAR(14,5)|OCEAN WATER(14,4)|MEASURED ALKALINITY(14,3)|MICROGRAM MOLE KG(14,3)|ACCUMULATING MOMENTUM(14,1)|ANNUAL METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(14,1)|AQUARIST ONLINE MAGAZINE(14,1)|AVERAGE EQUILIBRIUM METHANEDIONE(14,1)|BICARBONATE ION EXPENSE(14,1)|BIOMASS RAIN(14,1)|CARBONATE ION HISTORY(14,1)|CLOUD BEHAVIOR(14,1)|DANGLED PROBE(14,1)|DAVID ARCHER(14,1)|DOWNWELLING POLAR CAPACITY(14,1)|DOWNWELLING PREINDUSTRIAL WATER(14,1)|DUMPED LIMESTONE(14,1)|DUMPING ACREAGE(14,1)|ECONOMICS LIMESTONE(14,1)|ENHANCE LIMESTONE SOLUBILITY(14,1)|GUESSED PENETRATION(14,1)|INTERNATIONAL WATER(14,1)|LIMESTONE AVAILABILITY(14,1)|LIMESTONE CALCULATED SOLUBILITY(14,1)|METHANEDIONE RETENTION(14,1)|METHANEDIONE SOLUBILITY(14,1)|METHANEDIONE YEAR(14,1)|NUMERIC ADVENTURE(14,1)|OCEAN CARBONATE ION(14,1)|OCEAN SEDIMENTATION(14,1)|POLISHED OPTICAL GRADE SPHERE(14,1)|RECIRCULATED NUTRIENT LOSS(14,1)|REPRESENTATION OVERSIMPLIFICATION(14,1)|SOUTH PACIFIC(14,1)|TURBULENT MOMENTUM(14,1)|UNDERWATER OPACITY(14,1)|WIDESPREAD GLACIATION(14,1)|BORATE ION(13,2)|MAGNESIUM ION(13,2)|OCEAN VOLUME(13,2)|SEAWATER(12,4)|ASSUMING EQUAL UPFLOW(12,2)|CARBON RAIN(12,2)|EXCESS MOLE(12,2)|LIMESTONE ADDED YEAR(12,2)|ADDED LIMESTONE WORTHWHILE PROPORTION(12,1)|ALKALINITY YEAR(12,1)|ARCTIC DOWNWELLING WATER(12,1)|BOLD ASSUMPTION(12,1)|CALCULATED DEEP OCEAN TURNOVER(12,1)|CRUDE DIFFUSION CALCULATION(12,1)|DEEP OCEAN ANNUAL CAPACITY(12,1)|DISSOLVABLE LIMESTONE RATIO(12,1)|DISSOLVE ENOUGH LIMESTONE(12,1)|DOSED WATER UPWELL(12,1)|DOWNWELLING ANTARCTIC WATER(12,1)|ESTIMATED METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(12,1)|EXTRA LIMESTONE(12,1)|FUEL JOURNEY(12,1)|GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PUBLICATION(12,1)|IMPLEMENTATION PROPOSAL(12,1)|IMPORTED FUEL(12,1)|INPUT EQUILIBRIUM METHANEDIONE(12,1)|LIMESTONE SLURRY(12,1)|METHANEDIONE ABSORPTION(12,1)|METHANEDIONE TANK(12,1)|MICROGRAM MOLE KILOGRAM(12,1)|MIDWAY CALCIUM(12,1)|MILKY CLOUD PATH(12,1)|MINERAL PLANNING(12,1)|OCEAN CALCIUM(12,1)|PLUME PENETRATION(12,1)|POLISHED SPHERE(12,1)|PORE WIDENING(12,1)|QUATERNARY SCIENCE ENCYCLOPEDIA(12,1)|RESIDUAL RIGOR(12,1)|SEASONAL SWING(12,1)|TRADING FUTURE(12,1)|UPWELLING OCEAN CURRENT(12,1)|UPWELLING PROPORTION(12,1)|WARM CLIME(12,1)|WILD APPROXIMATION(12,1)|WORLDWIDE EMISSION(12,1)|DEEP OCEAN CARBON CONTENT(11,3)|GEOLOGY(11,3)|PARTICLE SIZE(11,3)|FERTILIZATION(10,2)|ORG CARBON(10,2)|PARTICLE LIFE(10,2)|SEA FLOOR(10,2)|ADDED MATERIAL(10,1)|CARBON OCEAN(10,1)|CARBONATE BALANCE(10,1)|CARBONATE SOLUBILITY(10,1)|CHEAP LIMESTONE SOURCE(10,1)|CONCEPT SUCCESS(10,1)|CRUDE CALCULATION(10,1)|DEEP NORTH(10,1)|DEEP OCEAN CARBON INVENTORY(10,1)|DEEP OCEAN CARBONATE(10,1)|DISSOLVED CARBONATE DIFFUSION(10,1)|DISSOLVED IRON YEAR(10,1)|DISTANT FUTURE(10,1)|DOMESTIC GAS(10,1)|FEASIBLE DELAY(10,1)|FOSSIL FUEL EMISSION(10,1)|FOSSIL FUEL REMAINING UNDERGROUND(10,1)|FUEL EXPORTATION(10,1)|FUEL LEVY(10,1)|GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE(10,1)|HORIZONTAL MOMENTUM(10,1)|HUNDRED MILLION YEAR(10,1)|HYDROXIDE ION(10,1)|ION CHEMISTRY(10,1)|IONIC SPECIES(10,1)|JET CIRCUMFERENCE(10,1)|LIMESTONE DISSOLUTION(10,1)|MARINE LIFE SKELETAL GROWTH(10,1)|MAXIMUM EXTRA METHANEDIONE(10,1)|MET OFFICE(10,1)|METHANEDIONE REACTION(10,1)|NATURAL LIMESTONE(10,1)|NATURAL RAIN(10,1)|PACIFIC ANALYSIS(10,1)|PENETRATION MICRON(10,1)|PENETRATION ZONE(10,1)|PLUME DEPTH(10,1)|SATURATION CARBONATE(10,1)|TONNE TARGET(10,1)|TOTAL EXTRA METHANEDIONE(10,1)|US GULF(10,1)|VISUAL IMPACT(10,1)|CA CONTENT(9,2)|CARBON DISSOLUTION(9,2)|CHEMICAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOK(9,2)|DISSOCIATION(9,2)|ENERGY SAVING(9,2)|JET ANGLE(9,2)|OCEANOGRAPHY(9,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(9,2)|PLANET(9,2)|REFINERY(9,2)|SATURATION VALUE(9,2)|SIGNIFICANCE(9,2)|SKELETON(9,2)|WEBSITE(9,2)|ENTRAINMENT RATE(8,3)|ABYSSAL CLAY AREA(8,1)|ANALYSIS ISSUE(8,1)|ANNUAL SCALE(8,1)|AVERAGE RAIN(8,1)|BASIC CHEMISTRY(8,1)|BENEFIT TIMING(8,1)|BULK CARBONATE(8,1)|CALCULATED TOTAL UPFLOW(8,1)|CARBONATE ION CONCENTRATION RISE(8,1)|CEMENT MANUFACTURE(8,1)|CHOICE DEPTH(8,1)|CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE OCEAN(8,1)|CONTAINED CARBON TONNE(8,1)|CRUDE PENETRATION DEPTH(8,1)|DEAD MARINE LIFE(8,1)|DECREASING PARTICLE(8,1)|DISCHARGE NOZZLE(8,1)|DISSOLVE ADDED LIMESTONE(8,1)|DISSOLVED CARBONATE ION(8,1)|DISSOLVED LIMESTONE INPUT(8,1)|DISSOLVED OCEAN CARBON CONTENT(8,1)|DOUBLE PRODUCTIVITY(8,1)|DOWNWARD TREND(8,1)|DOWNWELLING ARCTIC WATER(8,1)|DRY CARGO(8,1)|EXTRA CALCIUM(8,1)|F CRUDE PRICE(8,1)|ICY COLD WATER(8,1)|IMMEDIATE BENEFIT(8,1)|INDUSTRY SCALE(8,1)|INTEGRATED SINK DEPTH(8,1)|INTERMEDIARY(8,1)|KEY PARAMETER(8,1)|LIFE YEAR(8,1)|LIMESTONE SUPPLY(8,1)|MEDIAN PRICE(8,1)|MELTING ICE(8,1)|METHANEDIONE REDUCED SOLUBILITY(8,1)|MIDDLE ROW(8,1)|MINERAL DISSOLUTION(8,1)|MULTINATIONAL OIL COMPANY(8,1)|NEGATIVE CHARGE NEUTRALIZATION(8,1)|OBLIGATION(8,1)|OCEAN CONTENT(8,1)|ORGANIC REMAINS HARVEST(8,1)|RAINING SOFT TISSUE(8,1)|REDUCED OCEAN CIRCULATION(8,1)|REMOVING ARSENIC(8,1)|SALINITY FIXED PROPORTION(8,1)|SMALL LIMESTONE PARTICLE CLOUD(8,1)|SMUGGLING(8,1)|SOLUBLE CARBONATE(8,1)|SPREADSHEET(8,1)|STAGE DILUTION(8,1)|STANDING CARBON(8,1)|TARGET DEPTH(8,1)|TOTAL DISSOLVED IRON INVENTORY(8,1)|WATER DOWNFLOW(8,1)|WATER DOWNWELL(8,1)|DOSAGE(7,3)|CARBONATE MOLAR VOLUME(7,2)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(7,2)|64P KWH(6,1)|ANTARCTIC VALUE(6,1)|ARAGONITE(6,1)|ARCTIC VALUE ARITHMETIC AVERAGE(6,1)|ARTIFACT(6,1)|ASSUMED CARBON(6,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON CONTENT(6,1)|AUCTION(6,1)|AVERAGE METHANEDIONE REMOVAL RATE(6,1)|BASIC COMPOUND(6,1)|BIG DIFFERENCE(6,1)|BITUMEN(6,1)|BOUNCE(6,1)|CA COMBINATION(6,1)|CALCIUM MULTIPLE(6,1)|CARBONIC ACID REACTION(6,1)|CARBONIC ACID SUM(6,1)|CHIMNEY(6,1)|CLOUD CIRCUMFERENTIAL AREA(6,1)|COLD SALTY WATER COLUMN(6,1)|COMPETITION(6,1)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(6,1)|DECOMPOSITION(6,1)|DELIVERED COST(6,1)|DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER(6,1)|DIAMETER MICRON(6,1)|DIVERGENCE CONSTANT ANGLE(6,1)|DUMPING LOCATION(6,1)|ENTIRE JOURNEY(6,1)|EQUAL DOWNFLOW(6,1)|EXCESS HYDROGEN ION(6,1)| | (GB2447513)|1. A process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by dumping limestone (CaCO 3 ) and/or dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) into the ocean in a location that ensures a worthwhile proportion dissolves.|2. A process as in claim 1 in which at least 5% of the added material is expected to dissolve.|3. A process as in claim 1 or 2 in which the material to be added is ground to a size of 1.5mm diameter or less.|4. A process as in claim lor 2 in which the material is ground to a size of 0.1mm diameter or less.|5. A process as in claim for 2 in which the material is ground to a size of less than 0.01mm diameter.|6. A process as in claim lor 2 in which the material is ground to a size of 0.005mm diameter or less.|7. A process as in any of the above claims in which the material is slurried in water and discharged into the ocean in such a way that the plume drops to a depth where the carbonate ion concentration is below the solubility limit for calcium carbonate.|8. A process as in any of the above claims where the material is added less than twenty years upstream of a zone where the deep water upwells.|9. Enhancing the solubility of limestone added according to any of the above claims by ocean fertilisation.|10. Providing the expectation of an increase in marine surface calcium, magnesium or carbonate ion concentration, compared to what it would have been, by operating a process as described in any of the above claims.|11. Providing the expectation of a reduction in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, compared to what it would have been, by operating a process as described in any of the above claims.|12. Providing the expectation of a reduction in average outdoor temperatures, compared to what they would have been, by operating a process in international waters as described in any of the above claims.|13. Being engaged to perform a process as in any of the above claims. | (GB2447513)|This invention relates to the prevention of global warming.|Background Because of the impact of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) associated with burning fossil fuel on global temperatures, there is interest in technology to remove the gas from the atmosphere economically. A prize of $25 million has been offered by Sir Richard Branson for technology capable of removing one thousand million tonnes of CO 2 per annum from the atmosphere for ten years. Various carbon capture technologies have been developed for large point sources (eg power stations). At great expense it might be possible to extend these to home heating applications by for example piping flue gas from (or oxygen to and carbon dioxide from) the home, alongside the gas supply line. Perhaps motor vehicles could even be fitted with liquid oxygen and carbon dioxide tanks to allow 2 condensed from compressed exhaust gas to be stored for return to the petrol station, and ultimate underground disposal.|These options for dealing with small scale carbon dioxide emissions are likely to be very expensive and moreover could not be extended to cover aircraft emissions or gas hobs etc. and would be difficult to enforce worldwide. The scheme proposed here is not only relatively inexpensive but also easy to monitor and enforce and has the further advantage of alleviating the increase in ocean acidity which is stunting the growth of many forms of sea life, including for example coral. A further advantage of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, over curtailing its emission, is that the technique can be applied retrospectively and on a very large scale.|Proposal According to the present invention, carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by dumping limestone (CaCO 3 ) and/or dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) into the ocean in a location that ensures a worthwhile proportion dissolves.|The basic chemistry is the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to form carbonic acid, followed by the reaction of carbonic acid with carbonate to form bicarbonate, which is the predominant form of carbon in the ocean.|2 + H 2 O -t. - H 2 CO 3 CaCO 3 + H 2 CO 3 Ca(HCO3)2|Dolomite has a similar effect to limestone as a source of cations and carbonate ions but is more effective per tonne, because magnesium has a lower atomic weight than calcium. Other basic compounds, such as for example magnesium oxide (MgO), will also react with carbonic acid, but limestone and dolomite are preferred because of their cost and availability.|Impact The oceans already contain two hundred thousand billion tonnes of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate ions and even greater quantities of calcium and magnesium ions. Dissolving 1 extra mole of calcium or magnesium carbonate in the ocean results in the removal of 0.78 moles of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as it equilibrates (refer example 2). Because water from the depths is laden with carbon dioxide from respiration and decay, the immediate effect on the atmosphere of dissolving limestone may be from reduced release of carbon dioxide when the water upwells to the surface, rather than actual absorption. As it equilibrates with the atmosphere at the prevailing local surface conditions, the ocean annually absorbs and releases fifteen times as much carbon dioxide as comes from burning fossil fuel.|Over 10% of the earth's land area is limestone, dolomite or combinations thereof There is about one hundred thousand times as much carbonate in this form as there is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on a molar basis. There is twenty thousand times as much as there is carbon in all the fossil fuel remaining underground. Availability of limestone is never going to be an issue.|Removing a billion tonnes a year of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for six hundred years would (other things being equal) remove half of all the carbon dioxide produced to date from burning fossil fuel, but increase the ocean carbon content by only 0.9% and the calcium content by only 0.1%.|Over the last one hundred million years the carbonate ion concentration of the ocean is thought to have increased fourfold (refer History of carbonate ion concentration over the last 100 million years by Toby Tyrrell and Richard E Zeebe published by Pergamon). This was associated with a 30% increase in combined calcium and magnesium ion concentration and a collapse of atmospheric carbon dioxide from over 1500 ppm (parts per million by volume).|Perhaps just in time, man has reversed the trend in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and delayed or even prevented our return back into the ice age and widespread glaciation, which would have been many times more destructive than global warming. We should not overlook this great achievement.|Solubility Only dissolved calcium carbonate takes part in the reaction with carbon dioxide. The oceans are already supersaturated in calcium carbonate in the upper layer, but below what is called the calcite compensation depth (roughly 4.5 kilometres down) virtually all the calcium carbonate dissolves. Even at much shallower depths, very substantial additional quantities could dissolve. The surface supersaturation is caused by photosynthesis, which consumes carbon dioxide and thereby increases carbonate ion concentration at the expense of bicarbonate ions. This increases the calcium ion times carbonate ion concentration multiple way above the solubility limit, preventing additional calcium carbonate from dissolving. Fortunately it does not lead to significant precipitation from solution in the time -scale of the ocean circulation, except as skeletal material in organisms.|Magnesium carbonate solubility in the ocean may not be constrained by supersaturation, but because of the intimate collocation of calcium and magnesium in the structure of dolomite, it is likely that dissolving the magnesium carbonate portion from dolomite in water saturated with calcium carbonate would be extremely slow. Furthermore the associated calcium carbonate could be wasted.|Some of the dead organic matter from the ocean surface layer sinks to deeper levels where the soft parts decompose and put carbon dioxide back. This, together with the higher pressure, increases calcium carbonate solubility there. Substantial amounts of calcium carbonate from the skeletal remains of dead marine life also sink and dissolve every year. It has been estimated that approximately 90% of the calcium carbonate precipitated by organisms in the upper layer of the oceans dissolves in the deep ocean. 38% of the ocean floor is abyssal clay, which occurs where virtually all the sinking calcium carbonate skeletal remains have been dissolved (i.e. below the calcite compensation depth).|The quantity of limestone required to remove 1 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide spread over just five percent of the area of abyssal clay would be only 0.16 mm deep, even if none dissolved. The current rate of sedimentation on the abyssal clay is only about 1 mm every thousand years so it is unlikely that the limestone would be covered before it had a chance to dissolve.|Economics Limestone (CaCO 3 ) is already quarried and ground to powder in large quantities. In the UK in 2004, nine million tonnes of limestone were produced and sold for industrial and agricultural purposes at an average price of f17/tonne (refer Mineral Planning Factsheet issued by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister). A further seventy-five million tonnes of limestone were used for construction and cement manufacture. Twelve million tonnes of dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) were used in the UK mainly by the construction industry. To put these tonnages in context, UK carbon dioxide emissions are five hundred and eighty million tonnes per annum and worldwide emissions are twenty seven thousand million tonnes per year.|To remove one thousand million tonnes of carbon dioxide with a molar efficiency of 78% would require 2.9 billion tonnes of limestone. On a pro rata share with carbon dioxide emissions, the UK limestone requirement would be 63 million tonnes per annum, which would appear to be reasonably practical and unlikely to have a serious adverse visual impact, bearing in mind the current scale of the industry and its low profile.|Prior to 2003 rates for dry cargo such as grain in vessels of sixty to seventy thousand tonnes were relatively stable and typically about $12/te US Gulf to the EU. Refer 'Ocean|Freight Rates - Dry Bulk Cargoes - Monday August 21, 2006 published by HGCA|(Home -Grown Cereals Authority)'. More recently shipping rates have increased dramatically perhaps due to demand for raw materials in China. Hopefully in the medium term using much larger ships, rates comparable to those prior to 2003 will again prevail. At recent exchange rates this is about £6/tonne.|If one assumes that the delivered cost to the ocean by super -tanker from coastal quarries is comparable to the current small-scale local lorry delivered cost of f17/tonne, the cost would be f51/tonne of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere. This is equivalent to 12p/litre of petrol, 0.90p/KWH of natural gas (compared to a recent domestic gas bill at 2.64p/KWH) or £160/tonne of oil burned (compared to a recent crude price of f229/te or $61.25/barrel).|If initially the scale of the enterprise were limited to Richard Branson's 1 billion tonnes/year, but the cost spread as a levy on all fossil fuel, it would be a mere £6/te of oil or 0.4p/litre of petrol.|Persistence Over time, calcium carbonate deposits out in the shallower water due to the activity of corals and other sea life. Calcium has a residence time (ocean content divided by dissolved supply from rivers) of nearly a million years, compared to about twelve million years for magnesium and over a hundred and fifty thousand years for carbonate and bicarbonate combined. This latter residence time is indicative of the sort of timescale for which the carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere could be held in the ocean. Figures for dissolved minerals in total river flow and for ocean composition are taken from 'Why is the Ocean Salty?' by Herbert Swenson, US Geological Survey Publication.|If the natural rate of sedimentation of calcium carbonate is unchanged by limestone dumping, the extra carbon dioxide will be retained permanently. But if the deep ocean dissolved carbonate ion concentration rises, a smaller proportion of the skeletal calcium carbonate raining down from the surface layer will dissolve and more will be lost as sediment.|Intuitively one might have expected that removing dissolved carbonate from the ocean as solid calcium carbonate would enable the ocean to dissolve more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as carbonate, but in fact the reverse is true. The ionic chemistry involved is, however, well established and well known. It is its application as proposed here that is novel.|Because of the recent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the rate of loss of calcium carbonate to sediment will already have been significantly reduced, or will be when the recently downwelled surface water spreads through the ocean depths.|The carbon content of the atmosphere is only 2% of that in the ocean. The key to keeping this percentage down and to keeping the added calcium carbonate in solution is to balance addition of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel emissions with addition of calcium carbonate through limestone dumping, such that the ocean carbonate ion concentration is unchanged.|Other environmental effects By adding limestone to the ocean we would only be returning it to where it had come from millions of years before. The specification would ensure that oils, toxic waste etc. were absent from the material used, but there would inevitably be some other minerals associated with the limestone. The typical specification for industrial limestone is >97% calcium carbonate. The other 3% of 2.9 billion tonnes is still nearly 90 million tonnes. To limit the local impact on sea life, which is concentrated in the top one hundred metres or so where the light can penetrate, it would be possible to introduce the limestone as a slurry below the surface layer via a pipe. The addition method proposed below, however, would anyway mean that little if any of the injected material remained in the surface layer. This is unfortunate because the impurities could well have been beneficial in their own right.|In particular iron has been successfully tested as a fertiliser in certain ocean areas. Only tiny amounts are needed in theory to make a big difference; the total dissolved iron inventory of the oceans is only about 50 million tonnes (cf phosphate, the other limiting nutrient, at nearly 300 billion tonnes). The problem with trying to add iron is its very low solubility. The rivers already supply 30 million tonnes a year of dissolved iron. It is not the supply that is limited, but the availability of the organic ligands, produced by living organisms, that maintain the iron in solution in the alkaline ocean water.|Ocean fertilisation and limestone addition are complementary in a very fundamental way. The annual scale on which limestone can be dissolved in the deep ocean depends on the quantity of biomass that decays there. The long-term retention by the ocean of additional carbon captured in biomass depends on the addition of limestone. The oceans might absorb a vast quantity of extra carbon dioxide but it would be released back into the atmosphere within a few hundred years unless it was balanced with a vast quantity of extra calcium or magnesium carbonate.|Potential scale of operation There is thirteen times as much fossil fuel still in the ground as has been burnt already. Absorbing all the carbon dioxide from burning this remaining fuel would require ocean calcium concentration to be raised by just 2%. Dissolved ocean carbon content would increase by 19% (refer example 4). The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration would also have to be allowed to rise to balance this and avoid increased calcium carbonate loss through ocean sedimentation, but only to 420 ppm from 380 ppm today.|The multiple of calcium and carbonate ion concentration at the ocean surfaCe, which is important for marine life skeletal growth, would increase back to 100% of pre -industrial levels compared to 78% today.|Using the same arguments and calculation methods as above the atmosphere would eventually settle out at roughly 420 ppm carbon dioxide without intervention, if nothing else changed, due to input of dissolved limestone and dolomite from the rivers. But this would take 27,000 years even if all net deposition of skeletal calcium carbonate in the ocean stopped in the meantime.|The annual capacity of the deep ocean to dissolve added limestone is limited by the annual availability of carbon dioxide from decaying biomass. Without ocean fertilisation (refer example 3) the maximum extra carbon dioxide that could be absorbed from the atmosphere using limestone addition would be about 10 billion tonne/year in the long term (ie in the few hundred years it will take to circulate the deep ocean). This is only 39% of current carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuel. At this rate it would take 930 years to add enough limestone to balance carbon dioxide from all the fossil fuel remaining underground, as in example 4.|Because of cooling and increased salinity the surface water is drawn down (downwelling) in parts of the ocean. Elsewhere wind patterns encourage the deep waters to rise. In most areas the density gradient of the oceans inhibits such exchange.|In the short term, because the water upwelling today downwclled when atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were much lower, the maximum extra calcium carbonate it can dissolve is less. The estimated carbon dioxide removal is currently limited to 3.8 billion tonnes/year (refer example 2).|In essence for every mole of extra carbon dioxide created at depth by sinking decaying biomass about 0.88 extra moles of limestone can be dissolved (refer example 8), and for every extra mole of limestone dissolved an extra 0.78 moles of carbon dioxide are retained permanently. Calcium carbonate dissolving from sinking skeletal remains backs out dissolving limestone on a mole for mole basis. This biological calcium carbonate does nothing for carbon dioxide retention because it is all reabsorbed from the surface ocean into skeletons before it can impact the capacity of the downwelling polar waters to retain carbon dioxide and move it to the deep ocean.|The long term maximum carbon dioxide removal rate quoted above (10.4 billion tonnes/year) is based on a carbon rain (from soft tissue and skeletons) of 9.4 giga-tonnes per year net of sedimentation. (Refer Exploring the Dynamics of Earth Systems, a guide to constructing and experimenting with computer models of Earth systems using STELLA, Dave Bice, Dept. of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057. The Met Office have a very similar value, 9.8 giga-tonnes, on their website: Hadley Centre, The carbon cycle: a simple explanation)|Using recent analyses of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pre -industrial predictions, together with an assumption about where the water downwells and upwells, the ocean turnover is calculated. Using this turnover and analyses of alkalinity it is estimated that about 1.2 of the 9.4 giga-tonnes rains down as counter -productive skeletal calcium carbonate (refer example 1 and 2). Using this same turnover and current deep ocean analyses to determine the maximum dissolvable limestone dump, gives the quoted short-term carbon dioxide removal rate of 3.8 billion tonnes per year.|The downwelling water only sinks because it is denser than the icy cold water below. The deep water cannot be easily or quickly warmed up because warm, less dense, water cannot downwell. Consequently, regardless of temperatures elsewhere in the ocean surface layer, the downwelling water temperature will be constant and low. It is the solubility of carbon dioxide in this downwelling water that affects the concentration in the deep ocean. Because the surface layer that can be warmed by global warming is confined to the top few hundred metres, the reduced solubility of carbon dioxide as temperatures rise there is of relatively less significance. A 5 ° C rise in average ocean surface temperature might expel about as much carbon dioxide as man produces in eighteen years (refer example 9).|Effect of downwelling flow rate and fertilisation On the other hand, global warming may well reduce the flow rate of downwelling water. Simplistically, less surface layer water can be cooled to deep ocean temperatures if the planet is warmer. In addition, for many years there will be a downward trend in surface layer salinity, over and above the seasonal swings, due to melting ice.|If there were no downwelling, and hence no corresponding upwelling, the deep ocean carbon content would rise year on year as dead organic matter sank there and decayed. As the deep ocean water returns to the surface it brings this carbon back with it. The standing carbon concentration in the deep ocean is a balance between what sinks down and what flows up. If the downwelling and hence upwelling flow rate halved and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration were unchanged and the rain of dead organisms remained the same (see example 10), the deep ocean carbon content would eventually increase by close to 1200 giga-tonnes of carbon. This is nearly four times as much as has been released by burning fossil fuel to date.|Fertilising the ocean to double productivity everywhere would have the same long-term impact as halving the downwelling flow rate, but the equilibrium would be approached more quickly. This elevation in deep ocean carbon content, however, would account for only 30% of the fossil fuel remaining underground and would persist only while the fertilisation continued.|Other things being equal, the annual quantity of limestone that could be dissolved would increase a little in the long run as the downwelling flow reduced. This is because the effect of increased deep ocean dissolved carbon concentration on calcium carbonate solubility would more than offset the effect of the reduced ocean circulation. In the circumstances, however, what with the long-term prospect of mopping up all that extra carbon dioxide and the probability of re -dissolving some of the calcium carbonate sediment from the sea floor to add to the impact, we might not bother.|If the circulation halved, the loss of recirculated nutrient would probably reduce the harvest of organic remains sinking to the depths. If both circulation and harvest halved, there would be no long-term change in deep ocean carbon inventory, but the amount of limestone that could be dissolved each year would be halved.|Dumping locations The average deep ocean water takes hundreds of years to resurface. The dumping areas should preferably be selected just upstream of where the deep water upwells in order to feel the effect within a reasonable time.|There is a thermo-haline ocean circulation with downwelling near both poles and upwelling mainly near the Antarctic (S. Rahmstorf: Thermohaline Ocean Circulation. In:|Encyclopedia of Quaternary Sciences, Edited by S. A. Elias. Elsevier, Amsterdam 2006.). There may perhaps also be some upwelling in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Fortunately, the calculated deep ocean turnover and the amount of limestone that can be dissolved per tonne of water change with the measured concentration of dissolved carbon in opposite directions. In terms of calculating the potential maximum scale of operation, picking the location where the water upwells and the depth from which it comes are therefore less important than they could have been.|For the purpose of the calculations the oceans were assumed to downwell equally at each Pole and upwell near the Antarctic. If instead 90% of downwelling occurred near the North Pole the short-term annual maximum carbon dioxide removal using limestone would be reduced by 22%. If 90% of downwelling were near the South Pole, removal would increase by 37%. The proportion downwelling at each pole is not therefore critical to the success of the concept, refer example 11.|In the short term, assuming equal upflow from every depth, the calculated maximum annual carbon dioxide removal with all upwelling in the Antarctic is 76% of the calculated value with all upwelling in the North Pacific and 121% of the value with all upwelling in the South Pacific. The Indian Ocean is expected to be similar to the North Pacific but data on variation of alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) with depth within the deep Indian Ocean were not to hand. Again the assumption on what proportion of the upwelling happens in what location is not critical to the concept of limestone addition. For all further calculations all limestone addition has been assumed to happen near the Antarctic.|Because measured DIC near the Antarctic is not a strong function of depth below about 700 metres, the calculated total upflow does not depend on the depth from which it is assumed to occur. Average calculated deep ocean residence time is 333 years.|On the other hand the calculated solubility of limestone does depend on depth. The calculated short-term maximum carbon dioxide removal rate varies significantly with the depth from which the water is assumed to upwell. But it will exceed Sir Richard Branson's billion tonne per year target so long as at least a twentieth of the upwelling water comes from each of the three lowest depths (3000 metres, 4000 metres and 5000 metres). Longer term when the water currently downwelling at the poles (with its higher carbon content) upwells, the maximum removal rate would be nearly 4 billion tonnes per year even if all the water upwelled from only 1000m down. The depth at which raining soft tissue decomposes and skeletal calcium carbonate dissolves is assumed to remain the same. This estimate is based on the current variation of measured alkalinity and DIC with depth, which reflects decomposition and dissolving over the last few hundred years.|When we actually begin to dump limestone into the ocean it is anticipated that the issue of analysis and water flow and destination will be examined in more detail to decide on dumping location, dosage and depth. The addition method proposed below should allow limestone slurry added near the ocean surface to be distributed at the depth of choice. With fine enough particles it might be possible to dissolve enough limestone at each depth to approach calcium carbonate saturation and hence the maximum carbon dioxide removal rate.|I lowever, the approach to saturation will reduce the rate at which the natural local rain of calcium carbonate can dissolve. So even if all the added limestone dissolved at the targeted depth some of the natural rain could be displaced to dissolve at lower depths or even form sediment. Hopefully the local rain will only be a small proportion of that dissolving during the journey from the downwelling zone.|In the implementation proposals below a method for taking account of the delay between dosing and upwelling (which may well vary with depth even in a single location) is suggested. This method will also allow the loss of extra calcium carbonate into sediment to be balanced with other issues affecting the timing of the benefit or cost of the addition. Maximum limestone addition is greater at great depth but the very deep water may take much longer to reach the surface. The method allows these aspects to be compared properly.|Particle Size The limestone and/or dolomite should preferably be ground to powder to control the speed of descent, and provide a large and accessible surface area in order to make it dissolve more quickly.|A single 5 micron particle of limestone would take about twelve years to descend to the calcite compensation depth but a slurry of particles would descend in a milky cloud, like a column of cold salty water in a downwelling zone, or the plume of hot gas from a chimney. The depth to which the milky cloud descends is dominated by buoyancy effects, although the speed of the ship and the rate of discharge have some impact. Even quite tiny density gradients with depth in the ocean can counteract the weight of the limestone as the milky plume entrains more and more of the surrounding lower density water that it sinks through, refer example 6.|In this example with a one million tonne limestone tanker discharging its load over two days while travelling at 9m/sec relative to the ocean water, the milky plume reaches a depth of just less than 1200 metres after 45 minutes, and stays there. After 12 hours the limestone dilution is calculated to be about 37 microgram mole/kg but at this stage dilution might be controlled by external turbulence which is not modelled. Reducing ship speed to half a metre per second and discharge time to 12 hours drops the plume down to about 3200m. Because the discharge is locally much bigger in this case it is diluted more slowly and therefore contains relatively less of the less dense water from the shallower depths it has fallen through.|To reach down to say 4.5 kilometres would require a 1,300 metre extension pipe. With a uniform ocean density gradient as assumed here the depth of discharge is simply added onto the plume penetration.|These numbers were generated using a density gradient (ignoring the effect of pressure) of 0.221 kg/m3 over 5000 metres (ie about 0.02%, equivalent to a temperature change of about 3 ° C at temperatures around two degrees centigrade. Reducing the density gradient by a factor of 10 drops the plume depth for the first case from just less than 1200m to about 2500m. Raising it by a factor of ten reduces the depth in the second case from about 3200 metres to just over 1300 metres. With no density gradient the plume reaches 5000m and a limestone dilution to about 12 microgram moles/kg after 6 hours under the first set of conditions.|The calculation method employed is a very simple one and therefore only approximate, but the inference that the momentum at discharge is swamped by the accumulating momentum due to buoyancy (force equals rate of change of momentum) is sound. For this reason the inclination to the vertical of the discharge and the initial velocity are relatively unimportant. If the discharge nozzle is kept horizontal, as in the first example, but the velocity is raised from 3.1 metres/sec to 28 metres/sec, the depth at which the plume settles is about 20 metres less, because more of the less dense surface water is entrained at the higher velocity. If the nozzle is pointed directly downwards rather than horizontally but still at the very high velocity the plume deepens back by about metres.|In the first example the limestone was discharged as a 10% slurry in seawater but the dilution was down to 1% eleven seconds later and after sinking only 16 metres, so the initial slurry concentration is not very important as long as it flows easily.|It should be possible to monitor the milky cloud path and dilution (perhaps by measuring the underwater opacity with a suitable dangled probe, perhaps even in real time) providing information that could be used to modify the depth of the extension pipe etc. This procedure would no doubt be more accurate than trying to predict the cloud behaviour from old data on the variation of salinity, temperature and turbulence with depth.|After the milky plume reaches its stable depth within a few hours, the individual particles will continue to descend relative to the water around them, but for small particles this happens over a much longer timescale.|In 1966 Peterson measured the rate at which 15mm polished optical grade calcite spheres dissolved at various depths in the ocean south of Hawaii. The results are reproduced in Oceanography 540 Pages by Russell E. McDuff and G. Ross Heath. The alkalinity and DIC at the locations where the polished spheres were placed were not reproduced, if indeed they were measured. Assuming that dissolving rate per unit surface area is proportional to the difference between the actual bulk ocean carbonate concentration and the saturation value at that depth, Peterson's results are not a good match with the water analyses for the deep North Pacific that are used for other calculations herein. The South Pacific analyses are a closer match but still not good. The solubility driving force at 5000 metres is large and about the same for all locations, so this has been used, together with Peterson's data, to estimate the ratio of dissolving rate to driving force for all calculations.|A 5 micron sphere of polished optical grade calcite would take 1.8 years to dissolve at 5000 metres in the Antarctic Ocean (refer example 7). Natural limestone even when ground to 5 microns may have an effective surface area per unit weight that is several times greater than a spherical particle due to shape, internal pore structure and roughness. Limestone particles ground to 1 to 2 mm have been reported to have a surface to weight ratio of 0.3 to 0.5m 2 /grm, similar to a 5 micron sphere with no porosity (refer Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Limestone -based Material Davis, A; Webb, C; Dixon, D; Sorensen, J; Dawadi, S). This is 270 times what would be expected for a 1.5mm sphere. Very crude calculations suggest, however, that diffusion of dissolved carbonate from within a 1.5mm particle would be slow perhaps giving a dissolving time of nearly twenty years at 5000 metres assuming no change in bulk carbonate concentration (ie at low dosage).|The same crude diffusion calculations suggest that a 100 micron particle with 0.4m 2 /grm internal area would dissolve in about 2 years, which would be fine, but such particles would descend even as individuals at 400 metres per day. Ideally settling time would be the same or greater than the dissolving time so that the dissolved calcium carbonate could be distributed throughout the lower layers of the ocean.|As the scale of annual limestone addition approaches the solubility limit, the dissolving rate is reduced. At say 80% of the short-term maximum addition rate, the dissolving time for an extra 5 micron particle (with 0.4m 2 /grm internal area) would be over 7 years, during which time it would sink through nearly 1000 metres. A 2 micron particle would take 4 years to dissolve as it sank through just under 90 metres. A 10 micron particle would take 10 years to dissolve as it sank through 5300 metres. Although smaller particles are quicker to dissolve and easier to target at specific bodies of water, grinding cost increases.|Implementation It is envisaged that a scientific panel would identify the areas of ocean to be dosed, the dosage and the depth, ensuring that there was a large excess of acreage over that required. The acreage would then be auctioned off routinely to the companies that entered the limestone dumping business. These companies would purchase their limestone supplies on the open market to a specification (including particle size) approved by the scientific panel. The companies would then proceed to their dumping area and discharge the cargo. It is expected that some acreage would be free of charge but that competition for the areas closest to the cheapest limestone sources and giving the quickest benefits would ensure a premium at auction. This income would fund the scientific panel and the enforcement commission.|The enforcement commission would monitor the limestone dumpers to make sure they dumped the declared quantity of the correct material in the right place at the right depth.|It is suggested that a fuel levy would in principle be collected at both the oil well or coal mine and the refinery or power station etc. Multinational oil companies have proved very efficient at collecting both production and sales taxes with little smuggling or fraud. At each stage of the fuel's journey a certificate of levy paid would be required such that if the producer had not paid, the shipper would have to, and if neither had paid, the refiner would have to. A small surcharge for payment later down the supply chain would motivate all concerned to pay at the point of production.|The certificates would be in the form of a computer record held by the enforcement commission identifying all the elements in the supply chain for a particular batch of fuel. Because all the intermediaries would have to balance fuel in and fuel out, it would be difficult to avoid the levy on internationally traded fuel. If the enforcement commission felt that some states were using some fuel internally without paying the levy, they could increase the levy on imported or exported fuel for that state. A similar remedy would apply for any states that chose not to support the scheme at all. In principle though, the levy would be a fixed amount per tonne of contained carbon.|The levy would not be paid with money but by placing a contract with one of the limestone dumping companies for the appropriate quantity to be dumped. It is envisaged that the enforcement commission would run a trading exchange for this purpose so that all the oil companies and limestone dumpers would need to do would be to buy and sell generic contracts.|The ratio of dissolvable limestone to carbon for the levy would be fixed by international agreement. Carbon dioxide capture contracts would also be traded on this same exchange as an alternative to limestone dumping. Perhaps dumping acreage would also be traded there. Credits (at the same fraction of the carbon content as was levied on the crude oil) could be given for high carbon fractions from the refinery that were not burnt, such as bitumen used for roads (if this could be shown to be permanently non-polluting).|In this way all fuels and all carbon dioxide removal schemes would be treated equally. Market forces would then drive us towards the most economic combination of limestone dumping, renewable energy, nuclear power, carbon dioxide capture and energy saving, within the constraint of the agreed limestone to carbon ratio. The political messiness around the Kyoto Protocol or carbon trading (such as who owns the right to pollute in the first place) would be avoided. The only political decision to be made would be what proportion of worldwide carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel to recover each year, within the practical limits determined by the scientific panel.|There are easily calculated economic trade-offs between paying something now and paying more later. This allows dumps with different limestone utilisation and different delays before the dosed water upwells to be compared meaningfully. It might be preferred to get an immediate effect from limestone dumped in twenty years time than the same effect delayed for twenty years from limestone dumped now. For example, if the discount rate were 3% per year after allowing for inflation, even if due to poor utilisation 80% more limestone had to be dumped in twenty years time, that would still be marginally preferred economically. Environmentally there would be no difference. (Effectively the money required to pay for the dump in twenty years time could be sitting in the bank earning interest for twenty years). Similarly a limestone dump added in 100 years time that then had an immediate effect would be more worthwhile than a much smaller one added now having the same effect but taking 100 years to surface, even if only 5.3% of the former dissolved but all the latter did.|Saving the planet is always going to be worthwhile whatever the cost. What constitutes a worthwhile proportion of the added limestone to dissolve depends on the alternative options for providing the same benefit at the same time. There are large areas of the ocean over the continental shelves where no extra limestone will dissolve and any addition will be lost to sediment. Dumping limestone there is outside the scope of this invention.|The limestone dumper could sell future contracts for effect with various dates to cover the dump he was about to make, or indeed dumps he had made or planned to make in the distant future. The scientific panel would determine the dates and quantity of carbon dioxide absorption expected to result from his dump.|Trading futures would not only allow options having the same effect at the same time (including carbon dioxide capture) to be valued equally but would also permit an instant start to the scheme. This would impact immediately on the demand for alternative energy and energy saving. If oil producers were allowed to fulfil their current obligations by purchasing say fifteen year dumping futures this could provide capital for the dumper's supertankers or power station carbon dioxide capture. Some input from the scientific panel would be needed to set a practically feasible delay between producing the fuel and feeling the effect of the related limestone dump.|Figure 1 is a diagram of the scheme. It is illustrative only and certainly not to scale. It shows a vertical cross section of the ocean. 1 is a coastal quarry where limestone is excavated and loaded onto ship 2. Ship 2 transports the limestone to ocean area 3 where it slurries its cargo in seawater and pumps it into the ocean. 4 is the calcite compensation depth below which no limestone remains undissolved. 5 is the zone where the dumped limestone dissolves. 6 is an upwelling ocean current that carries the dissolved calcium carbonate to the surface at area 7 where the water equilibrates with the air reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|Chemistry Model A simple spreadsheet model of the carbonate chemistry of the ocean was used.|In the model: -|1. Equilibrium atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in ppm (parts per million by volume) is proportional to ocean surface carbonic acid concentration in microgram moles/kg.|[H 2 CO 3 ] = CO 2 x (0.05867 - 0.001668 x (Temperature ° C-4.85))|The values for the constants are taken from Walker, J. C. G., 1991, Numerical Adventures with Geochemical Cycles, Oxford University Press, 192 p. as reported in Exploring the Dynamics of Earth Systems a guide to constructing and experimenting with computer models of Earth systems using STELLA. Dave Bice, Dept. of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057. The constants are also in principle functions of salinity but salinity is not varied.|2. Carbonic acid concentration is in equilibrium with hydrogen ion concentration and bicarbonate ion concentration (all in moles/kg) such that:|LoggHlx [HC0314H2CO3])=6.0004-0.03279xTemp. ° C-3335/(Temp. ° C+273.15) This is based on a salinity of 35 and the formulae reproduced at:- www.geo.uu.nl/Research/Geochemistry/kb/Knowledgebook/H2CO3 dissociation.pdf on the website of the Faculty of Geosciences at Utrecht University. In principle the constants will vary with pressure but no data were to hand so no sensitivity is included in the model.|3. Bicarbonate ion concentration is in equilibrium with carbonate ion and carbonic acid concentration such that:|[CO] 3 = [HC0 3 1x[HC0 3 1 x (0.000575+0.0000060x(Temperature ° C-4.85)/[H 2 CO 3 ]|The constants are from the same source as for 1 above. Again in principle they are also functions of pressure but no data were to hand. 4. The multiple of hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations in mole/kg is given by|Inge] x [01-1]) = 113.04 -13145/(Temp. ° C+273.15) -17.44 x In(Temp. ° C+273.15)|This is based on a salinity of 35 and the formulae in:- www.geo.uu.nl/Research/Geochemistiy/kb/Knowledgebook/H20 dissociation.pdf.|5. Boric acid is present in the ocean as a fixed proportion of the salinity. Some of it dissociates into borate ion and hydrogen ion. At a salinity of 35 the boric acid and borate together are 410.6 microgram moles per kilogram. The extent of dissociation is defined by: -|[13(OH) 4. ] = 2.864 x [B(OH) 3 ] / [Fr]|Concentrations are in moles/litre. The constant was taken from Advanced Aquarist's Online Magazine 2003. No temperature or pressure sensitivities were given|6. The total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration is the sum of carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion and carbonate ion concentrations and is a measurable quantity.|7. Alkalinity is also measurable and is equal to the extra hydrogen ions needed to neutralise the negative charge on all the weakly acidic anions. These are mostly the species mentioned above. The contribution from phosphate is ignored because concentration is low. The contribution from silicates is ignored because little of the silica is ionised. The effect of including these species would have been to enhance limestone solubility at depth using the measured alkalinity.|As total negative and positive charge must always balance and the concentration of all other ionic species is assumed to be constant, alkalinity must go up by 2 microgram moles/kg whenever [Ca m ] or [Mg r ] go up by 1 microgram mole/kg. In other words the balance of carbonate, bicarbonate and carbonic acid within the constraint of the total DIC, together with the borate, hydroxide and hydrogen ion concentrations shift to match the extra positive charge.|Approximately: -|Alkalinity - DIC = [C0 3 1- [H2CO3] [B(OH) 4 - ]|In the ocean, alkalinity and DIC are similar large numbers while carbonate, carbonic acid and borate are similar small numbers. This makes the key parameters (carbonate concentration for limestone solubility and carbonic acid concentration for atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration) very sensitive to changes in the other parameters.|Example Calcium ion concentration is fairly constant so the multiple of calcium ion and carbonate ion concentration, which determines limestone solubility, is approximately proportional to the carbonate ion concentration. The saturation carbonate ion concentrations for calcite at various depths are taken from a graph prepared by David Archer, University of Chicago, and reproduced in Oceanography 540 Pages by Russell E. McDuff and G. Ross Heath. The values are shown in table 1 below.|Table 1|Depth km 3 - micromole/kg 54|63|73|87|102|Table 2 below shows the model results for various conditions. All concentrations in this, and all other tables below, are in microgram moles per kg except for atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is in parts per million by volume (ppm).|The first six lines use actual data for alkalinity and DIC at various depths in the Antarctic to calculate the other parameters. The data are from Holmen, K., 1992, The Global Carbon Cycle, in, Butcher, S., Chanson, R., Orians, G., and Wolfe, G., (eds.), Global Biogeochemical Cycles, London, Academic Press, p. 237-262 as reported in Exploring the 1' - lamics of Earth Systems a guide to constructing and experimenting with computer moo of Earth systems using STELLA. Dave Bice, Dept. of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057. The calcium ion concentrations are based on the value of 10475 microgram moles/kg average for the ocean and a typical alkalinity of 2305 microgram moles/kg. A deep Ocean temperature of 2 C is used throughout and is also applied to downwelling water.|Table 2|Depth m|Ca ++|HCO 3 "|3 `|H 2 CO 3|2|DIC|Alkalinity|Org Carbon|CaCO 3|2063|91|26|2354|2149|63|41|642|2253|164|10504|2152|632|2257|2362|164|23|10507|2156|2261|2368|26|10509|67|39|611|2261|2372|163|28|10509|2148|69|37|584|2254|2372|156|28|1998|113|2131|2354|Antarctic preindustrial|10462|1862|133|2009|2278|Arctic preindustrial|2149|63|41|642|2253|Max Limestone|10504|2152|632|2257|2362|Max Limestone|2171|73|36|566|2406|Max Limestone|2189|87|31|483|2307|2464|Max Limestone|10578|2196|102|26|417|2324|2511|Max Limestone|The next two lines take measured alkalinity and calculate what the downwelling water might have been like in pre -industrial times with the same alkalinity. This is the water that became the deep water in the top lines. At the modelled 2 ° C temperature, today's measured Antarctic surface water DIC corresponds to an equilibrium atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 410 ppm, which exceeds the actual atmospheric concentration;|perhaps because it has mixed with water upwelling from the depths. Otherwise one might expect that water drifting in from warmer climes would be on the lean side of equilibrium with the atmosphere and would be absorbing carbon dioxide at the surface as it cools.|The Arctic downwelling water is assumed to have an alkalinity the same as in the North Atlantic and to acquire a DIC corresponding to a 50 ppm approach to equilibrium. For pre -industrial times (at 280 ppm compared to today's 380 ppm) this gives 230 ppm. The Antarctic equilibrium concentration is also assumed to be 100 ppm lower than today and a new DIC calculated accordingly.|The CaCO 3 column shows the amount of calcium carbonate that needed to rain down to each depth to raise the alkalinity from that in the downwelling preindustrial water (with equal downflow at each pole) to that measured at depth today. The Org Carbon shows the amount of soft tissue that needed to rain down and decay to give the observed build up in DIC at the various depths.|In the last 5 lines limestone is dissolved at each depth in the waters from the top of the table, until they are saturated. Down to 2000 metres there is no change because no additional calcium carbonate can dissolve.|Example 2 In table 3 below, the first line shows the composition the water would have had after upwelling and crossing the ocean surface but just before downwelling again, if no limestone had been added. The input equilibrium carbon dioxide composition in ppm is the arithmetic average of the Arctic and Antarctic values from example 1, but with the 100 ppm added back on to allow for today's higher atmospheric concentration.|Table 3|Depth m|Ca ++|HCO 3 -|3 -|H 2 CO 3|2|DIC|years 2 tonnes/a 2 /lime.|all|10481|2009|96|23|2128|10481|2009|96|23|2128|0.0%|10481|2009|96|23|2128|332|0.0%|10499|99|23|2162|339|2,631,358,179|77.7%|10527|2084|103|23|339|6,461,317,260|77.6%|2122|107|23|2252|327|10,105,937,018|77.5%|For each depth the numbers are calculated as if all the ocean circulation upwelled from that depth. The water was followed till it downwelled again. Because the carbon and calcium carbonate rain are considered not to vary with time, the gain when the water is at depth exactly balances the loss as it flows back across the surface, for the no limestone addition case in the first row. The concentrations in the downwelling water when no limestone is added are therefore the same regardless of the depth the water was considered to be at before it upwelled.|The bottom five rows show the composition of the water with limestone dissolved in it, after upwelling and crossing the ocean surface but just before it downwells again. The upwelling water flow is calculated from the assumed carbon rain of 9.4 giga-tonnes of carbon per year, and the gain in DIC (in microgram moles per kilogram) from when the water downwelled in preindustrial times, till when it is about to upwell. The latter DIC|value is based on current measurements at depth.|For this example the downwelling flow was assumed to be divided equally between the two poles. Because the DIC analyses are similar at every depth, especially in the Antarctic Ocean, the calculated flow is about the same (ie about 130 million tonnes/second) regardless of the depth it is assumed to have come from. The residence times in table 3 are calculated as if all the upflow came from the depth in question via the whole volume of all the oceans, using a value of 1.39 x 10 18 tonnes for the weight of the oceans. The actual residence times can be less than this if a part of the ocean is bypassed but they cannot be more unless some of the flow is upwelling elsewhere or from a different depth. If the flow were divided equally between all five depths and the volume of the ocean that had been swept by flow from each depth was a fifth of the total volume of all the oceans, the residence times would be the same as given in the table.|The 1000 and 2000 metre depths are the same as when no limestone was added because none could dissolve there. The carbon associated with the added limestone at each lower depth is subtracted from the gain in DIC (compared to the no limestone case). This net gain in concentration is then multiplied by the downflow of water.|These net extra moles are carried to the deep ocean. An equal extra quantity of carbon dioxide can then be generated from fossil fuel and released without increasing atmospheric concentration.|The overall total extra carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere (and the amount of limestone that could be dissolved) depends on the fraction of deep ocean circulation upwelling from each depth. If a fifth came from each depth we would use the average of the numbers in table 3 ie 3.8 billion tonnes/year. If all the flow came from the top 2000 metres no extra carbon dioxide would be removed. The billion tonne target would be met if at least 5.2% of the flow came from each of the lower 3 depths. 1,000,000,000 = 5.2% of (2,631,358,179 + 6,461,317,260 + 10,105,937,018).|Example 3 In this example the water currently downwelling with its much higher carbon content has reached the limestone addition zone. It started at the poles with a composition like the first row in table 3 but DIC and calcium content have increased due to the rain of biomass during the water's passage across the ocean. The first 5 rows of table 4 below show the water just before the limestone is added. Note the lower carbonate (allowing more limestone to be dissolved) and higher DIC compared to the current Antarctic analyses in table 2.|After being saturated with limestone at every depth the water flows up and across the ocean surface as in example 2. The ocean circulation is assumed to be the same but the quantity of carbon dioxide removed is much increased particularly for shallower depths.|Table 4|Depth m|Ca ++|CO3 -|2|DIC|B(OH) 4 -|2 tonnes/a 2 /lime.|Deep Antarctic long term just before adding limestone|2312|58|10504|46|933|2316|59|10507|47|923|10509|48|61|10509|859|2313|63|Source m|Downwelling water after limestone addition|10507|2176|116|3,900,492,027|77.7%|10529|104|2214|117|6,889,869,477|77.6%|10551|107|2254|119|9,857,491,950|77.5%|10579|112|2303|121|13,700,003,090|77.4%|10602|116|2344|122|17,622,055,647|77.3%|The borate ion concentration in microgram moles per kilogram is included for illustrative purposes. The annual carbon dioxide removal rate assuming equal flow at each depth would be 10.4 billion tonnes.|Example 4 Table 5 below shows the model results when all the fossil fuel still in the ground (containing 4000 giga-tonnes of carbon) is burnt. Sufficient limestone is added to remove most of it from the atmosphere while leaving the deep ocean carbonate ion calcium ion concentration multiple unchanged, so that there is no increase in calcium carbonate loss rate to sediment. Note the similarity between the carbonate concentrations and those shown in Table 2. As in Table 2 the Arctic equilibrium carbon dioxide concentration is 50 ppm below atmospheric and the Antarctic 30 ppm above. The values in Table therefore correspond to an atmospheric concentration of just 420 ppm|Table|Depth m|Ca ++|3 -|2|DIC|2 /lime.|Downwelling Arctic water|126|0%|Downwelling Antarctic water|10703|114|2561|0%|Upwelling Antarctic water|10704|62|932|2692|115%|Upwelling Antarctic water|10707|63|918|2696|115%|Upwelling Antarctic water|64|909|115%|Upwelling Antarctic water|10712|66|889|115%|Upwelling Antarctic water|10712|68|853|2693|115%|Example 5 This example looks at the results for an addition of limestone that gives the same driving force for dissolving at every depth, that is the same value for the maximum soluble carbonate concentration less the actual carbonate concentration. The carbonate concentrations before limestone addition are calculated from the current Antarctic analyses (and are as shown in table 2). The numbers after limestone addition would give rise to 80% of the maximum carbon dioxide removal, assuming equal upflow from every depth.|Table 6|Depth|Ca ++|3 -|Delta CO 3 -|DIC|H 4|OFF|63|-9.3|2253|0.012|0.50|10504|-1.3|2257|0.012|0.51|69|4.2|0.011|0.54|10546|83|4.2|2298|0.010|0.64|97|4.2|0.008|0.75|Example 6 This example considers the behaviour of a cloud of small limestone particles in the ocean. A turbulent momentum jet emerging from a nozzle has an approximately constant angle of divergence of 20 degrees, and entrains surrounding fluid such that at any distance from the nozzle: -|Total Flow = 0.32 x Initial Flow x Distance/Nozzle Diameter Equation I This formula is given in Terry's Chemical Engineering Handbook 6 th Edition' on page 5- 22. I have modified this equation slightly so that Total Flow is equal to Initial Flow at zero Distance. The entrainment rate would be expected to be some function of the velocity of the jet relative to the surrounding fluid and to be proportional to the circumferential area of the growing jet across which entrainment can take place. Conservation of momentum must apply in the absence of other forces, such that the mass of material in the jet times its velocity is maintained for all distances. The jet is slowed down by entraining the surrounding still fluid.|Equation 1 is replicated by: - 1. Consider a portion of the jet formed during a short time step. 2. The length of that portion at any downstream point = velocity x time step 3. The area for entrainment = Jet circumference x portion length 4. The rate of entrainment = 0.08 x velocity x area for entrainment 5. The next volume flow = previous flow + rate of entrainment x time step 6. The mass entrained is known because the density of the entrained fluid is known. 7. By conservation of momentum:|The next velocity = previous velocity x the previous mass/the next mass 8. The next circumference is known (assuming a circular jet cross-section) because the velocity and hence portion length is known, and the volume is known.|The jet properties can thus be calculated time step by time step. The jet angle is constant with distance but with the entrainment coefficient of 0.08 (which is exactly equivalent to the 0.32 of the original formula) the jet angle comes out at 18 degrees. Presumably there is some fuzziness at the edge of the jet.|To model the milky cloud this same entrainment coefficient is used but the effect of buoyancy forces are added into the momentum conservation step. Force equals rate of change of momentum. Both horizontal and vertical momentum are calculated at each step.|The velocity used to calculate the rate of entrainment is the velocity of the cloud relative to the ocean water. The velocity used to calculate the circumferential area of the cloud is the velocity of the cloud relative to the source (or ship in this instance).|The plot below shows the plume centre line path for a 1,000,000 tonne limestone tanker discharging its load horizontally backwards as a 10% slurry in surface water through a 3metre nozzle at the surface, whilst travelling at 9 m/sec relative to the ocean water. The Ocean has a linear density gradient going from 1027.835 kg/m 3 at the surface to 1028.056 kg/m 3 at 5000 metres (ignoring the effect of pressure). The penetration depth is very clearly defined. The bouncing is probably an artefact of the oversimplified representation of the plume, in that the velocity is everywhere the same across a radial cross-section. In reality the plume would probably not have a circular cross-section but would be flattened out vertically by the density gradient thus adding to the area for entrainment.|Ocean turbulence will also add to entrainment and indeed become dominant as time passes. If one supposes that the ocean turbulence is related to entrainment through the same coefficient and some characteristic velocity, it can be added into the model. With a characteristic velocity of say 0.1 metres/sec the plume settles out just over 1000 metres down. Such a velocity would be sufficient to circumnavigate the globe in twelve years, which feels a bit strong for the deep ocean. Indeed if it were valid to extend the method to account for the penetration of temperature (by turbulence and entrainment from the ocean top layer) to say 1000m down over 300 years, using the same entrainment coefficient would suggest a characteristic velocity of only 5mm/hour.|Plume Centre -line Depth|- 200|- 400|-1000|-1200|-1400|-1600|Distance from Ship km|Example 7 This example considers the impact of particle size on settling and dissolving rate. Settling velocities can be calculated as a function of particle diameter, particle density, ocean density and viscosity. The equations are given in Terry's Chemical Engineering Handbook 6 h Edition on page 5-63'. A density of 2610 kg/m3 is used for limestone based on `Reade Advanced Materials 2006'. Settling velocity is a complicated function of diameter, but for Reynolds number (velocity x diameter x water density/water viscosity) less than 0.1, Stokes law applies. In our case Reynolds number falls below 0.1 for particles less than 70 microns. Settling velocity for such particles at 2 ° C in seawater ignoring the effect of pressure on density and viscosity is given by: -|Settling velocity in metres/second = 489558 x (diameter in metres)2|One reference (see earlier) gave the internal surface area for 1 to 2 mm particles as 0.3 to 0.5m 2 /grm. A value of 0.4 m 2 /gnn is used for these calculations. The external area of the particles (assuming they are spherical) is added to this internal area.|Values for seawater at 2 ° C (but ignoring the effect of pressure on viscosity) have been substituted into a formula for diffusion given in Perry 3-286, giving: -|Diffusion coefficient = 0.0000791/(molar volume of carbonate) ° 6|No data on carbonate molar volume were to hand so a wild approximation was made that it has the same density as water, making it 60 cm3/grammole. Of much greater significance is the lack of data to hand on the internal porosity and the tortuosity of the pores in limestone. No doubt internal area and porosity vary anyway from quarry to quarry and probably also within each lump of rock. A bold assumption has therefore been made that the pores are straight and radial and that their cross-sectional area is 3.7% of the external area of the spherical particle. This value is simply the density difference between the value of 2610 kg/m3 for limestone (see above) and the value of 2711 kg/m3 given for calcite in Perry. Aragonite, a less common form of calcium carbonate in limestone, is significantly denser.|The diffusion flux of dissolved carbonate ions in microgram moles/second/cm2 of pore cross-section (for a guessed penetration) is then very loosely given by: - (Diffusion coefficient) x (Concentration difference ocean to saturation)/(penetration) The calcium ions must of course diffuse at the same time, but much larger concentration gradients can be sustained without affecting the solubility multiple significantly.|An internal dissolving flux through the cross-sectional area of the pores is also calculated. This is based on the extent of internal area that is within the penetration depth (assuming it is uniformly distributed), and a dissolving rate assuming that bulk ocean carbonate concentration applies within the particle. A crude penetration depth is then found that makes the two fluxes equal.|Without internal area the rate of diameter loss for a given dissolving rate in mg/cm2/year would be constant. Abandoning any residual rigor, this is assumed also to apply when there is internal area, regardless of the reality of widening pores, reduced density within the penetration zone etc. In other words the diameter of the particle decreases as if all the material were dissolved at the surface at a rate per unit area the same as at the start.|Peterson measured a dissolving rate of 0.4 mg/cm2/year at 5000 metres depth. This is assumed to be associated with a 5000 metre ocean carbonate concentration of 66 microgram moles/kg, as calculated for the North Pacific, and a carbonate solubility limit of 102 microgram moles/kg. This gives a dissolving rate of 0.0112 mg/cm2/year per microgram mole/kg, which is used in all calculations. Particle lives are simply calculated from the linear rate of loss of diameter that results from the assumed constant particle density.|As the particle dissolves, its diameter and settling velocity decrease. For particles of less than 70 microns the settling velocity is integrated over the life of the particle to give the depth through which they settle.|Table 7 below gives the results of the calculations. Delta CO 3 - conc. is the difference between the carbonate ion concentration in the ocean and the saturation value in microgram moles/kilogram. The first three columns are based on Antarctic carbonate ion concentration at 5000 metres, calculated from current analyses. The last three use the concentration for 80% of maximum limestone addition as in Table 6.|Table 7|Diameter micron|Internal area m2/grm|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|Delta CO 3 - conc.|microm/kg|32.2|32.2|32.2|4.2|4.2|4.2|Initial sink rate m/year|386|5.8E+06|1.5E+05|386|62|1544|Penetration micron|2.5|26.2|40.2|2.5|1.0|5.0|Internal/External area %|0%|2645%|1727%|87%|35%|174%|Diameter loss micron/a|2.8|75.6|50.3|0.7|0.5|1.0|Life years|1.8|19.9|2.0|7.5|4.2|10.3|Integrated sink depth|' metres|234|967|86|5278|Example 8 In this example the figures in example 3 were recalculated assuming that an extra 25% of soft tissue carbon rains down but no extra skeletal calcium carbonate.|Table 8|Depth m|Ca ++|3 -|DIC|alkalinity|Carbon rain|Extra Ca/Extra C|Deep Antarctic long term just after adding max. limestone|10527|54|2338|2408|164|10552|63|2364|2458|164|10577|73|2509|10607|87|2418|2568|163|102|2434|2616|156|As above with 25% extra soft tissue carbon rain|10562|54|87.2%|10588|63|2441|2531|87.8%|10614|73|2468|2582|207|88.3%|10643|87|2641|204|88.7%|102|2508|89.0%|Example 9 In this example the amount of carbon dioxide expelled from the upper ocean layer by a rise in temperature is calculated. The first line shows the calculated temperature needed to match the current North Atlantic surface analysis, assuming it is in equilibrium with the atmosphere at 380 ppm carbon dioxide. This temperature is then raised in two steps of 2.5 ° C and re -equilibrated with the atmosphere. Delta C is the resulting change in the value of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in microgram moles/kg.|The warming effect of the surface appears to be largely confined to the upper 1000 metres of the oceans, as does the reduction in DIC associated with photosynthesis in the top 100 metres. It therefore seems reasonable to consider the top 500 metres as being in equilibrium with the atmosphere at the surface temperature and the next 500 metres being the same as the deep ocean, as this gives the same total DIC in the top 1000 metres as a linear profile from deep ocean to surface conditions. On this basis and applying the change to the entire ocean area (362,000,000 km 2 ) the carbon content of the ocean is reduced by 130 giga-tonnes by a temperature increase of 5 ° C. This is about eighteen times current annual emissions from burning fossil fuel.|Table 9|Temp ° C|Ca ++|3 -|2|DIC|Alkalinity|Delta C|North Atlantic surface analysis, temperature effect|18.71|10462|162|2278|21.21|10462|179|1974|2278|-26|23.71|10462|199|1942|2278|-58|Example In this example the downwelling flow is halved but the rain of carbon and calcium in dead organisms is unchanged. The midway calcium concentrations are as before (ie an average of downwelling and upwelling value, before limestone addition, as given in table 3 and 4). The loss of calcium carbonate concentration as the surface water flows from the midway point to the downwelling zones is the same as the average rain given in table 2. On the entire journey from upwell to downwell zone the loss would be twice this value. The DIC value for the downwell is based on the average equilibrium carbon dioxide concentration at the downwell zones as in example 2 and relates to an actual atmospheric concentration of 380 ppm. Delta DIC is the increase in midway dissolved inorganic carbon concentration compared to the original midway value (calculated from table 3 and 4) before the downflow was halved.|Table 10|Depth m|Ca ++|3 -|2|DIC|Delta DIC|Downwell|10468|94|2106|-22|Midway|The change in ocean carbon inventory of 1194 giga-tonnes is calculated by multiplying the ocean mass by the average midway Delta DIC.|Example 11 In this example the proportion of water downwelling in the Arctic is varied from the 50% of example 2 to 10% and 90% with the balance downwelling in the Antarctic.|Table 11|10% Arctic downwelling depth m|Ca ++|HCO 3 -|3 -|H 2 CO 3|2|DIC|all|10496|2052|92|26|402|No limestone added years 2 te/a 2 /lime.|10496|2052|92|26|402|239|10496|2052|92|26|402|246|2083|26|402|2203|253|3,578,370,821|78.7%|10542|2128|99|26|402|2252|253|8,787,213,643|78.6%|2166|103|26|402|2294|13,925,511,711|78.6%|90 % Arctic downwelling all|1964|21|338|2086|No limestone added years 2 te/a 2 /lime.|1964|21|338|2086|412|1964|21|338|2086|419|10484|1994|103|21|338|2119|426|2,065,570,041|76.6%|10511|2038|108|21|338|2167|426|5,071,697,299|76.5%|112|21|338|2209|413|7,871,283,369|76.4%|Example 12 In this example the impact of limestone addition if upwelling is not in the Antarctic is assessed, assuming all the upflow is from the depth and location shown for the particular row. The downflow composition is as given in the middle rows of table 2 (i.e. preindustrial). The conditions with no limestone added are based on measured DIC and alkalinity. The conditions in the bottom ten rows relate to water upwelling from the depth shown, after it has crossed the oceans and is about to downwell again. The carbon dioxide removal rate is based on a comparison with downwelling water if no limestone was added as in example 2. The residence time in years is calculated as in example 2. To the extent that the actual measured residence time of deep water at these locations is greater than the value in table 12, some of the circulation must be upwelling elsewhere.|The average carbon dioxide removal rate indicated would be somewhat greater than example 2 if upwelling occurs in the North Pacific and less if it occurs in the South Pacific. But the differences are not large enough to be critical for the concept.|Table 12|Depth m|Ca ++|3 -|2|DIC|alkalinity years 2 te/a|North Pacific|10523|38|1191|2388|No Limestone Added|10544|922|2443|568|56|799|533|10541|62|704|2343|2437|10537|66|657|2429|453|South Pacific|10503|63|652|338|No Limestone Added|10534|664|2422|444|10534|68|627|2312|2423|69|609|2404|391|67|622|2284|2394|North Pacific|10532|104|2219|2418|4,297,186,655|10518|102|2391|568|3,128,435,986|10523|103|2204|2401|533|3,785,701,434|10538|2231|2431|5,629,316,595|10559|108|2268|2474|453|8,256,753,964|South Pacific | (GB2447513)|This invention relates to the prevention of global warming.|Background Because of the impact of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) associated with burning fossil fuel on global temperatures, there is interest in technology to remove the gas from the atmosphere economically. A prize of $25 million has been offered by Sir Richard Branson for technology capable of removing one thousand million tonnes of CO 2 per annum from the atmosphere for ten years. Various carbon capture technologies have been developed for large point sources (eg power stations). At great expense it might be possible to extend these to home heating applications by for example piping flue gas from (or oxygen to and carbon dioxide from) the home, alongside the gas supply line. Perhaps motor vehicles could even be fitted with liquid oxygen and carbon dioxide tanks to allow 2 condensed from compressed exhaust gas to be stored for return to the petrol station, and ultimate underground disposal.|These options for dealing with small scale carbon dioxide emissions are likely to be very expensive and moreover could not be extended to cover aircraft emissions or gas hobs etc. and would be difficult to enforce worldwide. The scheme proposed here is not only relatively inexpensive but also easy to monitor and enforce and has the further advantage of alleviating the increase in ocean acidity which is stunting the growth of many forms of sea life, including for example coral. A further advantage of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, over curtailing its emission, is that the technique can be applied retrospectively and on a very large scale.|Proposal According to the present invention, carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by dumping limestone (CaCO 3 ) and/or dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) into the ocean in a location that ensures a worthwhile proportion dissolves.|The basic chemistry is the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to form carbonic acid, followed by the reaction of carbonic acid with carbonate to form bicarbonate, which is the predominant form of carbon in the ocean.|2 + H 2 O -t. - H 2 CO 3 CaCO 3 + H 2 CO 3 Ca(HCO3)2|Dolomite has a similar effect to limestone as a source of cations and carbonate ions but is more effective per tonne, because magnesium has a lower atomic weight than calcium. Other basic compounds, such as for example magnesium oxide (MgO), will also react with carbonic acid, but limestone and dolomite are preferred because of their cost and availability.|Impact The oceans already contain two hundred thousand billion tonnes of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate ions and even greater quantities of calcium and magnesium ions. Dissolving 1 extra mole of calcium or magnesium carbonate in the ocean results in the removal of 0.78 moles of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as it equilibrates (refer example 2). Because water from the depths is laden with carbon dioxide from respiration and decay, the immediate effect on the atmosphere of dissolving limestone may be from reduced release of carbon dioxide when the water upwells to the surface, rather than actual absorption. As it equilibrates with the atmosphere at the prevailing local surface conditions, the ocean annually absorbs and releases fifteen times as much carbon dioxide as comes from burning fossil fuel.|Over 10% of the earth's land area is limestone, dolomite or combinations thereof There is about one hundred thousand times as much carbonate in this form as there is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on a molar basis. There is twenty thousand times as much as there is carbon in all the fossil fuel remaining underground. Availability of limestone is never going to be an issue.|Removing a billion tonnes a year of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for six hundred years would (other things being equal) remove half of all the carbon dioxide produced to date from burning fossil fuel, but increase the ocean carbon content by only 0.9% and the calcium content by only 0.1%.|Over the last one hundred million years the carbonate ion concentration of the ocean is thought to have increased fourfold (refer History of carbonate ion concentration over the last 100 million years by Toby Tyrrell and Richard E Zeebe published by Pergamon). This was associated with a 30% increase in combined calcium and magnesium ion concentration and a collapse of atmospheric carbon dioxide from over 1500 ppm (parts per million by volume).|Perhaps just in time, man has reversed the trend in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and delayed or even prevented our return back into the ice age and widespread glaciation, which would have been many times more destructive than global warming. We should not overlook this great achievement.|Solubility Only dissolved calcium carbonate takes part in the reaction with carbon dioxide. The oceans are already supersaturated in calcium carbonate in the upper layer, but below what is called the calcite compensation depth (roughly 4.5 kilometres down) virtually all the calcium carbonate dissolves. Even at much shallower depths, very substantial additional quantities could dissolve. The surface supersaturation is caused by photosynthesis, which consumes carbon dioxide and thereby increases carbonate ion concentration at the expense of bicarbonate ions. This increases the calcium ion times carbonate ion concentration multiple way above the solubility limit, preventing additional calcium carbonate from dissolving. Fortunately it does not lead to significant precipitation from solution in the time -scale of the ocean circulation, except as skeletal material in organisms.|Magnesium carbonate solubility in the ocean may not be constrained by supersaturation, but because of the intimate collocation of calcium and magnesium in the structure of dolomite, it is likely that dissolving the magnesium carbonate portion from dolomite in water saturated with calcium carbonate would be extremely slow. Furthermore the associated calcium carbonate could be wasted.|Some of the dead organic matter from the ocean surface layer sinks to deeper levels where the soft parts decompose and put carbon dioxide back. This, together with the higher pressure, increases calcium carbonate solubility there. Substantial amounts of calcium carbonate from the skeletal remains of dead marine life also sink and dissolve every year. It has been estimated that approximately 90% of the calcium carbonate precipitated by organisms in the upper layer of the oceans dissolves in the deep ocean. 38% of the ocean floor is abyssal clay, which occurs where virtually all the sinking calcium carbonate skeletal remains have been dissolved (i.e. below the calcite compensation depth).|The quantity of limestone required to remove 1 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide spread over just five percent of the area of abyssal clay would be only 0.16 mm deep, even if none dissolved. The current rate of sedimentation on the abyssal clay is only about 1 mm every thousand years so it is unlikely that the limestone would be covered before it had a chance to dissolve.|Economics Limestone (CaCO 3 ) is already quarried and ground to powder in large quantities. In the UK in 2004, nine million tonnes of limestone were produced and sold for industrial and agricultural purposes at an average price of f17/tonne (refer Mineral Planning Factsheet issued by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister). A further seventy-five million tonnes of limestone were used for construction and cement manufacture. Twelve million tonnes of dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) were used in the UK mainly by the construction industry. To put these tonnages in context, UK carbon dioxide emissions are five hundred and eighty million tonnes per annum and worldwide emissions are twenty seven thousand million tonnes per year.|To remove one thousand million tonnes of carbon dioxide with a molar efficiency of 78% would require 2.9 billion tonnes of limestone. On a pro rata share with carbon dioxide emissions, the UK limestone requirement would be 63 million tonnes per annum, which would appear to be reasonably practical and unlikely to have a serious adverse visual impact, bearing in mind the current scale of the industry and its low profile.|Prior to 2003 rates for dry cargo such as grain in vessels of sixty to seventy thousand tonnes were relatively stable and typically about $12/te US Gulf to the EU. Refer 'Ocean|Freight Rates - Dry Bulk Cargoes - Monday August 21, 2006 published by HGCA|(Home -Grown Cereals Authority)'. More recently shipping rates have increased dramatically perhaps due to demand for raw materials in China. Hopefully in the medium term using much larger ships, rates comparable to those prior to 2003 will again prevail. At recent exchange rates this is about £6/tonne.|If one assumes that the delivered cost to the ocean by super -tanker from coastal quarries is comparable to the current small-scale local lorry delivered cost of f17/tonne, the cost would be f51/tonne of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere. This is equivalent to 12p/litre of petrol, 0.90p/KWH of natural gas (compared to a recent domestic gas bill at 2.64p/KWH) or £160/tonne of oil burned (compared to a recent crude price of f229/te or $61.25/barrel).|If initially the scale of the enterprise were limited to Richard Branson's 1 billion tonnes/year, but the cost spread as a levy on all fossil fuel, it would be a mere £6/te of oil or 0.4p/litre of petrol.|Persistence Over time, calcium carbonate deposits out in the shallower water due to the activity of corals and other sea life. Calcium has a residence time (ocean content divided by dissolved supply from rivers) of nearly a million years, compared to about twelve million years for magnesium and over a hundred and fifty thousand years for carbonate and bicarbonate combined. This latter residence time is indicative of the sort of timescale for which the carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere could be held in the ocean. Figures for dissolved minerals in total river flow and for ocean composition are taken from 'Why is the Ocean Salty?' by Herbert Swenson, US Geological Survey Publication.|If the natural rate of sedimentation of calcium carbonate is unchanged by limestone dumping, the extra carbon dioxide will be retained permanently. But if the deep ocean dissolved carbonate ion concentration rises, a smaller proportion of the skeletal calcium carbonate raining down from the surface layer will dissolve and more will be lost as sediment.|Intuitively one might have expected that removing dissolved carbonate from the ocean as solid calcium carbonate would enable the ocean to dissolve more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as carbonate, but in fact the reverse is true. The ionic chemistry involved is, however, well established and well known. It is its application as proposed here that is novel.|Because of the recent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the rate of loss of calcium carbonate to sediment will already have been significantly reduced, or will be when the recently downwelled surface water spreads through the ocean depths.|The carbon content of the atmosphere is only 2% of that in the ocean. The key to keeping this percentage down and to keeping the added calcium carbonate in solution is to balance addition of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel emissions with addition of calcium carbonate through limestone dumping, such that the ocean carbonate ion concentration is unchanged.|Other environmental effects By adding limestone to the ocean we would only be returning it to where it had come from millions of years before. The specification would ensure that oils, toxic waste etc. were absent from the material used, but there would inevitably be some other minerals associated with the limestone. The typical specification for industrial limestone is >97% calcium carbonate. The other 3% of 2.9 billion tonnes is still nearly 90 million tonnes. To limit the local impact on sea life, which is concentrated in the top one hundred metres or so where the light can penetrate, it would be possible to introduce the limestone as a slurry below the surface layer via a pipe. The addition method proposed below, however, would anyway mean that little if any of the injected material remained in the surface layer. This is unfortunate because the impurities could well have been beneficial in their own right.|In particular iron has been successfully tested as a fertiliser in certain ocean areas. Only tiny amounts are needed in theory to make a big difference; the total dissolved iron inventory of the oceans is only about 50 million tonnes (cf phosphate, the other limiting nutrient, at nearly 300 billion tonnes). The problem with trying to add iron is its very low solubility. The rivers already supply 30 million tonnes a year of dissolved iron. It is not the supply that is limited, but the availability of the organic ligands, produced by living organisms, that maintain the iron in solution in the alkaline ocean water.|Ocean fertilisation and limestone addition are complementary in a very fundamental way. The annual scale on which limestone can be dissolved in the deep ocean depends on the quantity of biomass that decays there. The long-term retention by the ocean of additional carbon captured in biomass depends on the addition of limestone. The oceans might absorb a vast quantity of extra carbon dioxide but it would be released back into the atmosphere within a few hundred years unless it was balanced with a vast quantity of extra calcium or magnesium carbonate.|Potential scale of operation There is thirteen times as much fossil fuel still in the ground as has been burnt already. Absorbing all the carbon dioxide from burning this remaining fuel would require ocean calcium concentration to be raised by just 2%. Dissolved ocean carbon content would increase by 19% (refer example 4). The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration would also have to be allowed to rise to balance this and avoid increased calcium carbonate loss through ocean sedimentation, but only to 420 ppm from 380 ppm today.|The multiple of calcium and carbonate ion concentration at the ocean surfaCe, which is important for marine life skeletal growth, would increase back to 100% of pre -industrial levels compared to 78% today.|Using the same arguments and calculation methods as above the atmosphere would eventually settle out at roughly 420 ppm carbon dioxide without intervention, if nothing else changed, due to input of dissolved limestone and dolomite from the rivers. But this would take 27,000 years even if all net deposition of skeletal calcium carbonate in the ocean stopped in the meantime.|The annual capacity of the deep ocean to dissolve added limestone is limited by the annual availability of carbon dioxide from decaying biomass. Without ocean fertilisation (refer example 3) the maximum extra carbon dioxide that could be absorbed from the atmosphere using limestone addition would be about 10 billion tonne/year in the long term (ie in the few hundred years it will take to circulate the deep ocean). This is only 39% of current carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuel. At this rate it would take 930 years to add enough limestone to balance carbon dioxide from all the fossil fuel remaining underground, as in example 4.|Because of cooling and increased salinity the surface water is drawn down (downwelling) in parts of the ocean. Elsewhere wind patterns encourage the deep waters to rise. In most areas the density gradient of the oceans inhibits such exchange.|In the short term, because the water upwelling today downwclled when atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were much lower, the maximum extra calcium carbonate it can dissolve is less. The estimated carbon dioxide removal is currently limited to 3.8 billion tonnes/year (refer example 2).|In essence for every mole of extra carbon dioxide created at depth by sinking decaying biomass about 0.88 extra moles of limestone can be dissolved (refer example 8), and for every extra mole of limestone dissolved an extra 0.78 moles of carbon dioxide are retained permanently. Calcium carbonate dissolving from sinking skeletal remains backs out dissolving limestone on a mole for mole basis. This biological calcium carbonate does nothing for carbon dioxide retention because it is all reabsorbed from the surface ocean into skeletons before it can impact the capacity of the downwelling polar waters to retain carbon dioxide and move it to the deep ocean.|The long term maximum carbon dioxide removal rate quoted above (10.4 billion tonnes/year) is based on a carbon rain (from soft tissue and skeletons) of 9.4 giga-tonnes per year net of sedimentation. (Refer Exploring the Dynamics of Earth Systems, a guide to constructing and experimenting with computer models of Earth systems using STELLA, Dave Bice, Dept. of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057. The Met Office have a very similar value, 9.8 giga-tonnes, on their website: Hadley Centre, The carbon cycle: a simple explanation)|Using recent analyses of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pre -industrial predictions, together with an assumption about where the water downwells and upwells, the ocean turnover is calculated. Using this turnover and analyses of alkalinity it is estimated that about 1.2 of the 9.4 giga-tonnes rains down as counter -productive skeletal calcium carbonate (refer example 1 and 2). Using this same turnover and current deep ocean analyses to determine the maximum dissolvable limestone dump, gives the quoted short-term carbon dioxide removal rate of 3.8 billion tonnes per year.|The downwelling water only sinks because it is denser than the icy cold water below. The deep water cannot be easily or quickly warmed up because warm, less dense, water cannot downwell. Consequently, regardless of temperatures elsewhere in the ocean surface layer, the downwelling water temperature will be constant and low. It is the solubility of carbon dioxide in this downwelling water that affects the concentration in the deep ocean. Because the surface layer that can be warmed by global warming is confined to the top few hundred metres, the reduced solubility of carbon dioxide as temperatures rise there is of relatively less significance. A 5 ° C rise in average ocean surface temperature might expel about as much carbon dioxide as man produces in eighteen years (refer example 9).|Effect of downwelling flow rate and fertilisation On the other hand, global warming may well reduce the flow rate of downwelling water. Simplistically, less surface layer water can be cooled to deep ocean temperatures if the planet is warmer. In addition, for many years there will be a downward trend in surface layer salinity, over and above the seasonal swings, due to melting ice.|If there were no downwelling, and hence no corresponding upwelling, the deep ocean carbon content would rise year on year as dead organic matter sank there and decayed. As the deep ocean water returns to the surface it brings this carbon back with it. The standing carbon concentration in the deep ocean is a balance between what sinks down and what flows up. If the downwelling and hence upwelling flow rate halved and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration were unchanged and the rain of dead organisms remained the same (see example 10), the deep ocean carbon content would eventually increase by close to 1200 giga-tonnes of carbon. This is nearly four times as much as has been released by burning fossil fuel to date.|Fertilising the ocean to double productivity everywhere would have the same long-term impact as halving the downwelling flow rate, but the equilibrium would be approached more quickly. This elevation in deep ocean carbon content, however, would account for only 30% of the fossil fuel remaining underground and would persist only while the fertilisation continued.|Other things being equal, the annual quantity of limestone that could be dissolved would increase a little in the long run as the downwelling flow reduced. This is because the effect of increased deep ocean dissolved carbon concentration on calcium carbonate solubility would more than offset the effect of the reduced ocean circulation. In the circumstances, however, what with the long-term prospect of mopping up all that extra carbon dioxide and the probability of re -dissolving some of the calcium carbonate sediment from the sea floor to add to the impact, we might not bother.|If the circulation halved, the loss of recirculated nutrient would probably reduce the harvest of organic remains sinking to the depths. If both circulation and harvest halved, there would be no long-term change in deep ocean carbon inventory, but the amount of limestone that could be dissolved each year would be halved.|Dumping locations The average deep ocean water takes hundreds of years to resurface. The dumping areas should preferably be selected just upstream of where the deep water upwells in order to feel the effect within a reasonable time.|There is a thermo-haline ocean circulation with downwelling near both poles and upwelling mainly near the Antarctic (S. Rahmstorf: Thermohaline Ocean Circulation. In:|Encyclopedia of Quaternary Sciences, Edited by S. A. Elias. Elsevier, Amsterdam 2006.). There may perhaps also be some upwelling in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Fortunately, the calculated deep ocean turnover and the amount of limestone that can be dissolved per tonne of water change with the measured concentration of dissolved carbon in opposite directions. In terms of calculating the potential maximum scale of operation, picking the location where the water upwells and the depth from which it comes are therefore less important than they could have been.|For the purpose of the calculations the oceans were assumed to downwell equally at each Pole and upwell near the Antarctic. If instead 90% of downwelling occurred near the North Pole the short-term annual maximum carbon dioxide removal using limestone would be reduced by 22%. If 90% of downwelling were near the South Pole, removal would increase by 37%. The proportion downwelling at each pole is not therefore critical to the success of the concept, refer example 11.|In the short term, assuming equal upflow from every depth, the calculated maximum annual carbon dioxide removal with all upwelling in the Antarctic is 76% of the calculated value with all upwelling in the North Pacific and 121% of the value with all upwelling in the South Pacific. The Indian Ocean is expected to be similar to the North Pacific but data on variation of alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) with depth within the deep Indian Ocean were not to hand. Again the assumption on what proportion of the upwelling happens in what location is not critical to the concept of limestone addition. For all further calculations all limestone addition has been assumed to happen near the Antarctic.|Because measured DIC near the Antarctic is not a strong function of depth below about 700 metres, the calculated total upflow does not depend on the depth from which it is assumed to occur. Average calculated deep ocean residence time is 333 years.|On the other hand the calculated solubility of limestone does depend on depth. The calculated short-term maximum carbon dioxide removal rate varies significantly with the depth from which the water is assumed to upwell. But it will exceed Sir Richard Branson's billion tonne per year target so long as at least a twentieth of the upwelling water comes from each of the three lowest depths (3000 metres, 4000 metres and 5000 metres). Longer term when the water currently downwelling at the poles (with its higher carbon content) upwells, the maximum removal rate would be nearly 4 billion tonnes per year even if all the water upwelled from only 1000m down. The depth at which raining soft tissue decomposes and skeletal calcium carbonate dissolves is assumed to remain the same. This estimate is based on the current variation of measured alkalinity and DIC with depth, which reflects decomposition and dissolving over the last few hundred years.|When we actually begin to dump limestone into the ocean it is anticipated that the issue of analysis and water flow and destination will be examined in more detail to decide on dumping location, dosage and depth. The addition method proposed below should allow limestone slurry added near the ocean surface to be distributed at the depth of choice. With fine enough particles it might be possible to dissolve enough limestone at each depth to approach calcium carbonate saturation and hence the maximum carbon dioxide removal rate.|I lowever, the approach to saturation will reduce the rate at which the natural local rain of calcium carbonate can dissolve. So even if all the added limestone dissolved at the targeted depth some of the natural rain could be displaced to dissolve at lower depths or even form sediment. Hopefully the local rain will only be a small proportion of that dissolving during the journey from the downwelling zone.|In the implementation proposals below a method for taking account of the delay between dosing and upwelling (which may well vary with depth even in a single location) is suggested. This method will also allow the loss of extra calcium carbonate into sediment to be balanced with other issues affecting the timing of the benefit or cost of the addition. Maximum limestone addition is greater at great depth but the very deep water may take much longer to reach the surface. The method allows these aspects to be compared properly.|Particle Size The limestone and/or dolomite should preferably be ground to powder to control the speed of descent, and provide a large and accessible surface area in order to make it dissolve more quickly.|A single 5 micron particle of limestone would take about twelve years to descend to the calcite compensation depth but a slurry of particles would descend in a milky cloud, like a column of cold salty water in a downwelling zone, or the plume of hot gas from a chimney. The depth to which the milky cloud descends is dominated by buoyancy effects, although the speed of the ship and the rate of discharge have some impact. Even quite tiny density gradients with depth in the ocean can counteract the weight of the limestone as the milky plume entrains more and more of the surrounding lower density water that it sinks through, refer example 6.|In this example with a one million tonne limestone tanker discharging its load over two days while travelling at 9m/sec relative to the ocean water, the milky plume reaches a depth of just less than 1200 metres after 45 minutes, and stays there. After 12 hours the limestone dilution is calculated to be about 37 microgram mole/kg but at this stage dilution might be controlled by external turbulence which is not modelled. Reducing ship speed to half a metre per second and discharge time to 12 hours drops the plume down to about 3200m. Because the discharge is locally much bigger in this case it is diluted more slowly and therefore contains relatively less of the less dense water from the shallower depths it has fallen through.|To reach down to say 4.5 kilometres would require a 1,300 metre extension pipe. With a uniform ocean density gradient as assumed here the depth of discharge is simply added onto the plume penetration.|These numbers were generated using a density gradient (ignoring the effect of pressure) of 0.221 kg/m3 over 5000 metres (ie about 0.02%, equivalent to a temperature change of about 3 ° C at temperatures around two degrees centigrade. Reducing the density gradient by a factor of 10 drops the plume depth for the first case from just less than 1200m to about 2500m. Raising it by a factor of ten reduces the depth in the second case from about 3200 metres to just over 1300 metres. With no density gradient the plume reaches 5000m and a limestone dilution to about 12 microgram moles/kg after 6 hours under the first set of conditions.|The calculation method employed is a very simple one and therefore only approximate, but the inference that the momentum at discharge is swamped by the accumulating momentum due to buoyancy (force equals rate of change of momentum) is sound. For this reason the inclination to the vertical of the discharge and the initial velocity are relatively unimportant. If the discharge nozzle is kept horizontal, as in the first example, but the velocity is raised from 3.1 metres/sec to 28 metres/sec, the depth at which the plume settles is about 20 metres less, because more of the less dense surface water is entrained at the higher velocity. If the nozzle is pointed directly downwards rather than horizontally but still at the very high velocity the plume deepens back by about metres.|In the first example the limestone was discharged as a 10% slurry in seawater but the dilution was down to 1% eleven seconds later and after sinking only 16 metres, so the initial slurry concentration is not very important as long as it flows easily.|It should be possible to monitor the milky cloud path and dilution (perhaps by measuring the underwater opacity with a suitable dangled probe, perhaps even in real time) providing information that could be used to modify the depth of the extension pipe etc. This procedure would no doubt be more accurate than trying to predict the cloud behaviour from old data on the variation of salinity, temperature and turbulence with depth.|After the milky plume reaches its stable depth within a few hours, the individual particles will continue to descend relative to the water around them, but for small particles this happens over a much longer timescale.|In 1966 Peterson measured the rate at which 15mm polished optical grade calcite spheres dissolved at various depths in the ocean south of Hawaii. The results are reproduced in Oceanography 540 Pages by Russell E. McDuff and G. Ross Heath. The alkalinity and DIC at the locations where the polished spheres were placed were not reproduced, if indeed they were measured. Assuming that dissolving rate per unit surface area is proportional to the difference between the actual bulk ocean carbonate concentration and the saturation value at that depth, Peterson's results are not a good match with the water analyses for the deep North Pacific that are used for other calculations herein. The South Pacific analyses are a closer match but still not good. The solubility driving force at 5000 metres is large and about the same for all locations, so this has been used, together with Peterson's data, to estimate the ratio of dissolving rate to driving force for all calculations.|A 5 micron sphere of polished optical grade calcite would take 1.8 years to dissolve at 5000 metres in the Antarctic Ocean (refer example 7). Natural limestone even when ground to 5 microns may have an effective surface area per unit weight that is several times greater than a spherical particle due to shape, internal pore structure and roughness. Limestone particles ground to 1 to 2 mm have been reported to have a surface to weight ratio of 0.3 to 0.5m 2 /grm, similar to a 5 micron sphere with no porosity (refer Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Limestone -based Material Davis, A; Webb, C; Dixon, D; Sorensen, J; Dawadi, S). This is 270 times what would be expected for a 1.5mm sphere. Very crude calculations suggest, however, that diffusion of dissolved carbonate from within a 1.5mm particle would be slow perhaps giving a dissolving time of nearly twenty years at 5000 metres assuming no change in bulk carbonate concentration (ie at low dosage).|The same crude diffusion calculations suggest that a 100 micron particle with 0.4m 2 /grm internal area would dissolve in about 2 years, which would be fine, but such particles would descend even as individuals at 400 metres per day. Ideally settling time would be the same or greater than the dissolving time so that the dissolved calcium carbonate could be distributed throughout the lower layers of the ocean.|As the scale of annual limestone addition approaches the solubility limit, the dissolving rate is reduced. At say 80% of the short-term maximum addition rate, the dissolving time for an extra 5 micron particle (with 0.4m 2 /grm internal area) would be over 7 years, during which time it would sink through nearly 1000 metres. A 2 micron particle would take 4 years to dissolve as it sank through just under 90 metres. A 10 micron particle would take 10 years to dissolve as it sank through 5300 metres. Although smaller particles are quicker to dissolve and easier to target at specific bodies of water, grinding cost increases.|Implementation It is envisaged that a scientific panel would identify the areas of ocean to be dosed, the dosage and the depth, ensuring that there was a large excess of acreage over that required. The acreage would then be auctioned off routinely to the companies that entered the limestone dumping business. These companies would purchase their limestone supplies on the open market to a specification (including particle size) approved by the scientific panel. The companies would then proceed to their dumping area and discharge the cargo. It is expected that some acreage would be free of charge but that competition for the areas closest to the cheapest limestone sources and giving the quickest benefits would ensure a premium at auction. This income would fund the scientific panel and the enforcement commission.|The enforcement commission would monitor the limestone dumpers to make sure they dumped the declared quantity of the correct material in the right place at the right depth.|It is suggested that a fuel levy would in principle be collected at both the oil well or coal mine and the refinery or power station etc. Multinational oil companies have proved very efficient at collecting both production and sales taxes with little smuggling or fraud. At each stage of the fuel's journey a certificate of levy paid would be required such that if the producer had not paid, the shipper would have to, and if neither had paid, the refiner would have to. A small surcharge for payment later down the supply chain would motivate all concerned to pay at the point of production.|The certificates would be in the form of a computer record held by the enforcement commission identifying all the elements in the supply chain for a particular batch of fuel. Because all the intermediaries would have to balance fuel in and fuel out, it would be difficult to avoid the levy on internationally traded fuel. If the enforcement commission felt that some states were using some fuel internally without paying the levy, they could increase the levy on imported or exported fuel for that state. A similar remedy would apply for any states that chose not to support the scheme at all. In principle though, the levy would be a fixed amount per tonne of contained carbon.|The levy would not be paid with money but by placing a contract with one of the limestone dumping companies for the appropriate quantity to be dumped. It is envisaged that the enforcement commission would run a trading exchange for this purpose so that all the oil companies and limestone dumpers would need to do would be to buy and sell generic contracts.|The ratio of dissolvable limestone to carbon for the levy would be fixed by international agreement. Carbon dioxide capture contracts would also be traded on this same exchange as an alternative to limestone dumping. Perhaps dumping acreage would also be traded there. Credits (at the same fraction of the carbon content as was levied on the crude oil) could be given for high carbon fractions from the refinery that were not burnt, such as bitumen used for roads (if this could be shown to be permanently non-polluting).|In this way all fuels and all carbon dioxide removal schemes would be treated equally. Market forces would then drive us towards the most economic combination of limestone dumping, renewable energy, nuclear power, carbon dioxide capture and energy saving, within the constraint of the agreed limestone to carbon ratio. The political messiness around the Kyoto Protocol or carbon trading (such as who owns the right to pollute in the first place) would be avoided. The only political decision to be made would be what proportion of worldwide carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel to recover each year, within the practical limits determined by the scientific panel.|There are easily calculated economic trade-offs between paying something now and paying more later. This allows dumps with different limestone utilisation and different delays before the dosed water upwells to be compared meaningfully. It might be preferred to get an immediate effect from limestone dumped in twenty years time than the same effect delayed for twenty years from limestone dumped now. For example, if the discount rate were 3% per year after allowing for inflation, even if due to poor utilisation 80% more limestone had to be dumped in twenty years time, that would still be marginally preferred economically. Environmentally there would be no difference. (Effectively the money required to pay for the dump in twenty years time could be sitting in the bank earning interest for twenty years). Similarly a limestone dump added in 100 years time that then had an immediate effect would be more worthwhile than a much smaller one added now having the same effect but taking 100 years to surface, even if only 5.3% of the former dissolved but all the latter did.|Saving the planet is always going to be worthwhile whatever the cost. What constitutes a worthwhile proportion of the added limestone to dissolve depends on the alternative options for providing the same benefit at the same time. There are large areas of the ocean over the continental shelves where no extra limestone will dissolve and any addition will be lost to sediment. Dumping limestone there is outside the scope of this invention.|The limestone dumper could sell future contracts for effect with various dates to cover the dump he was about to make, or indeed dumps he had made or planned to make in the distant future. The scientific panel would determine the dates and quantity of carbon dioxide absorption expected to result from his dump.|Trading futures would not only allow options having the same effect at the same time (including carbon dioxide capture) to be valued equally but would also permit an instant start to the scheme. This would impact immediately on the demand for alternative energy and energy saving. If oil producers were allowed to fulfil their current obligations by purchasing say fifteen year dumping futures this could provide capital for the dumper's supertankers or power station carbon dioxide capture. Some input from the scientific panel would be needed to set a practically feasible delay between producing the fuel and feeling the effect of the related limestone dump.|Figure 1 is a diagram of the scheme. It is illustrative only and certainly not to scale. It shows a vertical cross section of the ocean. 1 is a coastal quarry where limestone is excavated and loaded onto ship 2. Ship 2 transports the limestone to ocean area 3 where it slurries its cargo in seawater and pumps it into the ocean. 4 is the calcite compensation depth below which no limestone remains undissolved. 5 is the zone where the dumped limestone dissolves. 6 is an upwelling ocean current that carries the dissolved calcium carbonate to the surface at area 7 where the water equilibrates with the air reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|Chemistry Model A simple spreadsheet model of the carbonate chemistry of the ocean was used.|In the model: -|1. Equilibrium atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in ppm (parts per million by volume) is proportional to ocean surface carbonic acid concentration in microgram moles/kg.|[H 2 CO 3 ] = CO 2 x (0.05867 - 0.001668 x (Temperature ° C-4.85))|The values for the constants are taken from Walker, J. C. G., 1991, Numerical Adventures with Geochemical Cycles, Oxford University Press, 192 p. as reported in Exploring the Dynamics of Earth Systems a guide to constructing and experimenting with computer models of Earth systems using STELLA. Dave Bice, Dept. of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057. The constants are also in principle functions of salinity but salinity is not varied.|2. Carbonic acid concentration is in equilibrium with hydrogen ion concentration and bicarbonate ion concentration (all in moles/kg) such that:|LoggHlx [HC0314H2CO3])=6.0004-0.03279xTemp. ° C-3335/(Temp. ° C+273.15) This is based on a salinity of 35 and the formulae reproduced at:- www.geo.uu.nl/Research/Geochemistry/kb/Knowledgebook/H2CO3 dissociation.pdf on the website of the Faculty of Geosciences at Utrecht University. In principle the constants will vary with pressure but no data were to hand so no sensitivity is included in the model.|3. Bicarbonate ion concentration is in equilibrium with carbonate ion and carbonic acid concentration such that:|[CO] 3 = [HC0 3 1x[HC0 3 1 x (0.000575+0.0000060x(Temperature ° C-4.85)/[H 2 CO 3 ]|The constants are from the same source as for 1 above. Again in principle they are also functions of pressure but no data were to hand. 4. The multiple of hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations in mole/kg is given by|Inge] x [01-1]) = 113.04 -13145/(Temp. ° C+273.15) -17.44 x In(Temp. ° C+273.15)|This is based on a salinity of 35 and the formulae in:- www.geo.uu.nl/Research/Geochemistiy/kb/Knowledgebook/H20 dissociation.pdf.|5. Boric acid is present in the ocean as a fixed proportion of the salinity. Some of it dissociates into borate ion and hydrogen ion. At a salinity of 35 the boric acid and borate together are 410.6 microgram moles per kilogram. The extent of dissociation is defined by: -|[13(OH) 4. ] = 2.864 x [B(OH) 3 ] / [Fr]|Concentrations are in moles/litre. The constant was taken from Advanced Aquarist's Online Magazine 2003. No temperature or pressure sensitivities were given|6. The total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration is the sum of carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion and carbonate ion concentrations and is a measurable quantity.|7. Alkalinity is also measurable and is equal to the extra hydrogen ions needed to neutralise the negative charge on all the weakly acidic anions. These are mostly the species mentioned above. The contribution from phosphate is ignored because concentration is low. The contribution from silicates is ignored because little of the silica is ionised. The effect of including these species would have been to enhance limestone solubility at depth using the measured alkalinity.|As total negative and positive charge must always balance and the concentration of all other ionic species is assumed to be constant, alkalinity must go up by 2 microgram moles/kg whenever [Ca m ] or [Mg r ] go up by 1 microgram mole/kg. In other words the balance of carbonate, bicarbonate and carbonic acid within the constraint of the total DIC, together with the borate, hydroxide and hydrogen ion concentrations shift to match the extra positive charge.|Approximately: -|Alkalinity - DIC = [C0 3 1- [H2CO3] [B(OH) 4 - ]|In the ocean, alkalinity and DIC are similar large numbers while carbonate, carbonic acid and borate are similar small numbers. This makes the key parameters (carbonate concentration for limestone solubility and carbonic acid concentration for atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration) very sensitive to changes in the other parameters.|Example Calcium ion concentration is fairly constant so the multiple of calcium ion and carbonate ion concentration, which determines limestone solubility, is approximately proportional to the carbonate ion concentration. The saturation carbonate ion concentrations for calcite at various depths are taken from a graph prepared by David Archer, University of Chicago, and reproduced in Oceanography 540 Pages by Russell E. McDuff and G. Ross Heath. The values are shown in table 1 below.|Table 1|Depth km 3 - micromole/kg 54|63|73|87|102|Table 2 below shows the model results for various conditions. All concentrations in this, and all other tables below, are in microgram moles per kg except for atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is in parts per million by volume (ppm).|The first six lines use actual data for alkalinity and DIC at various depths in the Antarctic to calculate the other parameters. The data are from Holmen, K., 1992, The Global Carbon Cycle, in, Butcher, S., Chanson, R., Orians, G., and Wolfe, G., (eds.), Global Biogeochemical Cycles, London, Academic Press, p. 237-262 as reported in Exploring the 1' - lamics of Earth Systems a guide to constructing and experimenting with computer moo of Earth systems using STELLA. Dave Bice, Dept. of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057. The calcium ion concentrations are based on the value of 10475 microgram moles/kg average for the ocean and a typical alkalinity of 2305 microgram moles/kg. A deep Ocean temperature of 2 C is used throughout and is also applied to downwelling water.|Table 2|Depth m|Ca ++|HCO 3 "|3 `|H 2 CO 3|2|DIC|Alkalinity|Org Carbon|CaCO 3|2063|91|26|2354|2149|63|41|642|2253|164|10504|2152|632|2257|2362|164|23|10507|2156|2261|2368|26|10509|67|39|611|2261|2372|163|28|10509|2148|69|37|584|2254|2372|156|28|1998|113|2131|2354|Antarctic preindustrial|10462|1862|133|2009|2278|Arctic preindustrial|2149|63|41|642|2253|Max Limestone|10504|2152|632|2257|2362|Max Limestone|2171|73|36|566|2406|Max Limestone|2189|87|31|483|2307|2464|Max Limestone|10578|2196|102|26|417|2324|2511|Max Limestone|The next two lines take measured alkalinity and calculate what the downwelling water might have been like in pre -industrial times with the same alkalinity. This is the water that became the deep water in the top lines. At the modelled 2 ° C temperature, today's measured Antarctic surface water DIC corresponds to an equilibrium atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 410 ppm, which exceeds the actual atmospheric concentration;|perhaps because it has mixed with water upwelling from the depths. Otherwise one might expect that water drifting in from warmer climes would be on the lean side of equilibrium with the atmosphere and would be absorbing carbon dioxide at the surface as it cools.|The Arctic downwelling water is assumed to have an alkalinity the same as in the North Atlantic and to acquire a DIC corresponding to a 50 ppm approach to equilibrium. For pre -industrial times (at 280 ppm compared to today's 380 ppm) this gives 230 ppm. The Antarctic equilibrium concentration is also assumed to be 100 ppm lower than today and a new DIC calculated accordingly.|The CaCO 3 column shows the amount of calcium carbonate that needed to rain down to each depth to raise the alkalinity from that in the downwelling preindustrial water (with equal downflow at each pole) to that measured at depth today. The Org Carbon shows the amount of soft tissue that needed to rain down and decay to give the observed build up in DIC at the various depths.|In the last 5 lines limestone is dissolved at each depth in the waters from the top of the table, until they are saturated. Down to 2000 metres there is no change because no additional calcium carbonate can dissolve.|Example 2 In table 3 below, the first line shows the composition the water would have had after upwelling and crossing the ocean surface but just before downwelling again, if no limestone had been added. The input equilibrium carbon dioxide composition in ppm is the arithmetic average of the Arctic and Antarctic values from example 1, but with the 100 ppm added back on to allow for today's higher atmospheric concentration.|Table 3|Depth m|Ca ++|HCO 3 -|3 -|H 2 CO 3|2|DIC|years 2 tonnes/a 2 /lime.|all|10481|2009|96|23|2128|10481|2009|96|23|2128|0.0%|10481|2009|96|23|2128|332|0.0%|10499|99|23|2162|339|2,631,358,179|77.7%|10527|2084|103|23|339|6,461,317,260|77.6%|2122|107|23|2252|327|10,105,937,018|77.5%|For each depth the numbers are calculated as if all the ocean circulation upwelled from that depth. The water was followed till it downwelled again. Because the carbon and calcium carbonate rain are considered not to vary with time, the gain when the water is at depth exactly balances the loss as it flows back across the surface, for the no limestone addition case in the first row. The concentrations in the downwelling water when no limestone is added are therefore the same regardless of the depth the water was considered to be at before it upwelled.|The bottom five rows show the composition of the water with limestone dissolved in it, after upwelling and crossing the ocean surface but just before it downwells again. The upwelling water flow is calculated from the assumed carbon rain of 9.4 giga-tonnes of carbon per year, and the gain in DIC (in microgram moles per kilogram) from when the water downwelled in preindustrial times, till when it is about to upwell. The latter DIC|value is based on current measurements at depth.|For this example the downwelling flow was assumed to be divided equally between the two poles. Because the DIC analyses are similar at every depth, especially in the Antarctic Ocean, the calculated flow is about the same (ie about 130 million tonnes/second) regardless of the depth it is assumed to have come from. The residence times in table 3 are calculated as if all the upflow came from the depth in question via the whole volume of all the oceans, using a value of 1.39 x 10 18 tonnes for the weight of the oceans. The actual residence times can be less than this if a part of the ocean is bypassed but they cannot be more unless some of the flow is upwelling elsewhere or from a different depth. If the flow were divided equally between all five depths and the volume of the ocean that had been swept by flow from each depth was a fifth of the total volume of all the oceans, the residence times would be the same as given in the table.|The 1000 and 2000 metre depths are the same as when no limestone was added because none could dissolve there. The carbon associated with the added limestone at each lower depth is subtracted from the gain in DIC (compared to the no limestone case). This net gain in concentration is then multiplied by the downflow of water.|These net extra moles are carried to the deep ocean. An equal extra quantity of carbon dioxide can then be generated from fossil fuel and released without increasing atmospheric concentration.|The overall total extra carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere (and the amount of limestone that could be dissolved) depends on the fraction of deep ocean circulation upwelling from each depth. If a fifth came from each depth we would use the average of the numbers in table 3 ie 3.8 billion tonnes/year. If all the flow came from the top 2000 metres no extra carbon dioxide would be removed. The billion tonne target would be met if at least 5.2% of the flow came from each of the lower 3 depths. 1,000,000,000 = 5.2% of (2,631,358,179 + 6,461,317,260 + 10,105,937,018).|Example 3 In this example the water currently downwelling with its much higher carbon content has reached the limestone addition zone. It started at the poles with a composition like the first row in table 3 but DIC and calcium content have increased due to the rain of biomass during the water's passage across the ocean. The first 5 rows of table 4 below show the water just before the limestone is added. Note the lower carbonate (allowing more limestone to be dissolved) and higher DIC compared to the current Antarctic analyses in table 2.|After being saturated with limestone at every depth the water flows up and across the ocean surface as in example 2. The ocean circulation is assumed to be the same but the quantity of carbon dioxide removed is much increased particularly for shallower depths.|Table 4|Depth m|Ca ++|CO3 -|2|DIC|B(OH) 4 -|2 tonnes/a 2 /lime.|Deep Antarctic long term just before adding limestone|2312|58|10504|46|933|2316|59|10507|47|923|10509|48|61|10509|859|2313|63|Source m|Downwelling water after limestone addition|10507|2176|116|3,900,492,027|77.7%|10529|104|2214|117|6,889,869,477|77.6%|10551|107|2254|119|9,857,491,950|77.5%|10579|112|2303|121|13,700,003,090|77.4%|10602|116|2344|122|17,622,055,647|77.3%|The borate ion concentration in microgram moles per kilogram is included for illustrative purposes. The annual carbon dioxide removal rate assuming equal flow at each depth would be 10.4 billion tonnes.|Example 4 Table 5 below shows the model results when all the fossil fuel still in the ground (containing 4000 giga-tonnes of carbon) is burnt. Sufficient limestone is added to remove most of it from the atmosphere while leaving the deep ocean carbonate ion calcium ion concentration multiple unchanged, so that there is no increase in calcium carbonate loss rate to sediment. Note the similarity between the carbonate concentrations and those shown in Table 2. As in Table 2 the Arctic equilibrium carbon dioxide concentration is 50 ppm below atmospheric and the Antarctic 30 ppm above. The values in Table therefore correspond to an atmospheric concentration of just 420 ppm|Table|Depth m|Ca ++|3 -|2|DIC|2 /lime.|Downwelling Arctic water|126|0%|Downwelling Antarctic water|10703|114|2561|0%|Upwelling Antarctic water|10704|62|932|2692|115%|Upwelling Antarctic water|10707|63|918|2696|115%|Upwelling Antarctic water|64|909|115%|Upwelling Antarctic water|10712|66|889|115%|Upwelling Antarctic water|10712|68|853|2693|115%|Example 5 This example looks at the results for an addition of limestone that gives the same driving force for dissolving at every depth, that is the same value for the maximum soluble carbonate concentration less the actual carbonate concentration. The carbonate concentrations before limestone addition are calculated from the current Antarctic analyses (and are as shown in table 2). The numbers after limestone addition would give rise to 80% of the maximum carbon dioxide removal, assuming equal upflow from every depth.|Table 6|Depth|Ca ++|3 -|Delta CO 3 -|DIC|H 4|OFF|63|-9.3|2253|0.012|0.50|10504|-1.3|2257|0.012|0.51|69|4.2|0.011|0.54|10546|83|4.2|2298|0.010|0.64|97|4.2|0.008|0.75|Example 6 This example considers the behaviour of a cloud of small limestone particles in the ocean. A turbulent momentum jet emerging from a nozzle has an approximately constant angle of divergence of 20 degrees, and entrains surrounding fluid such that at any distance from the nozzle: -|Total Flow = 0.32 x Initial Flow x Distance/Nozzle Diameter Equation I This formula is given in Terry's Chemical Engineering Handbook 6 th Edition' on page 5- 22. I have modified this equation slightly so that Total Flow is equal to Initial Flow at zero Distance. The entrainment rate would be expected to be some function of the velocity of the jet relative to the surrounding fluid and to be proportional to the circumferential area of the growing jet across which entrainment can take place. Conservation of momentum must apply in the absence of other forces, such that the mass of material in the jet times its velocity is maintained for all distances. The jet is slowed down by entraining the surrounding still fluid.|Equation 1 is replicated by: - 1. Consider a portion of the jet formed during a short time step. 2. The length of that portion at any downstream point = velocity x time step 3. The area for entrainment = Jet circumference x portion length 4. The rate of entrainment = 0.08 x velocity x area for entrainment 5. The next volume flow = previous flow + rate of entrainment x time step 6. The mass entrained is known because the density of the entrained fluid is known. 7. By conservation of momentum:|The next velocity = previous velocity x the previous mass/the next mass 8. The next circumference is known (assuming a circular jet cross-section) because the velocity and hence portion length is known, and the volume is known.|The jet properties can thus be calculated time step by time step. The jet angle is constant with distance but with the entrainment coefficient of 0.08 (which is exactly equivalent to the 0.32 of the original formula) the jet angle comes out at 18 degrees. Presumably there is some fuzziness at the edge of the jet.|To model the milky cloud this same entrainment coefficient is used but the effect of buoyancy forces are added into the momentum conservation step. Force equals rate of change of momentum. Both horizontal and vertical momentum are calculated at each step.|The velocity used to calculate the rate of entrainment is the velocity of the cloud relative to the ocean water. The velocity used to calculate the circumferential area of the cloud is the velocity of the cloud relative to the source (or ship in this instance).|The plot below shows the plume centre line path for a 1,000,000 tonne limestone tanker discharging its load horizontally backwards as a 10% slurry in surface water through a 3metre nozzle at the surface, whilst travelling at 9 m/sec relative to the ocean water. The Ocean has a linear density gradient going from 1027.835 kg/m 3 at the surface to 1028.056 kg/m 3 at 5000 metres (ignoring the effect of pressure). The penetration depth is very clearly defined. The bouncing is probably an artefact of the oversimplified representation of the plume, in that the velocity is everywhere the same across a radial cross-section. In reality the plume would probably not have a circular cross-section but would be flattened out vertically by the density gradient thus adding to the area for entrainment.|Ocean turbulence will also add to entrainment and indeed become dominant as time passes. If one supposes that the ocean turbulence is related to entrainment through the same coefficient and some characteristic velocity, it can be added into the model. With a characteristic velocity of say 0.1 metres/sec the plume settles out just over 1000 metres down. Such a velocity would be sufficient to circumnavigate the globe in twelve years, which feels a bit strong for the deep ocean. Indeed if it were valid to extend the method to account for the penetration of temperature (by turbulence and entrainment from the ocean top layer) to say 1000m down over 300 years, using the same entrainment coefficient would suggest a characteristic velocity of only 5mm/hour.|Plume Centre -line Depth|- 200|- 400|-1000|-1200|-1400|-1600|Distance from Ship km|Example 7 This example considers the impact of particle size on settling and dissolving rate. Settling velocities can be calculated as a function of particle diameter, particle density, ocean density and viscosity. The equations are given in Terry's Chemical Engineering Handbook 6 h Edition on page 5-63'. A density of 2610 kg/m3 is used for limestone based on `Reade Advanced Materials 2006'. Settling velocity is a complicated function of diameter, but for Reynolds number (velocity x diameter x water density/water viscosity) less than 0.1, Stokes law applies. In our case Reynolds number falls below 0.1 for particles less than 70 microns. Settling velocity for such particles at 2 ° C in seawater ignoring the effect of pressure on density and viscosity is given by: -|Settling velocity in metres/second = 489558 x (diameter in metres)2|One reference (see earlier) gave the internal surface area for 1 to 2 mm particles as 0.3 to 0.5m 2 /grm. A value of 0.4 m 2 /gnn is used for these calculations. The external area of the particles (assuming they are spherical) is added to this internal area.|Values for seawater at 2 ° C (but ignoring the effect of pressure on viscosity) have been substituted into a formula for diffusion given in Perry 3-286, giving: -|Diffusion coefficient = 0.0000791/(molar volume of carbonate) ° 6|No data on carbonate molar volume were to hand so a wild approximation was made that it has the same density as water, making it 60 cm3/grammole. Of much greater significance is the lack of data to hand on the internal porosity and the tortuosity of the pores in limestone. No doubt internal area and porosity vary anyway from quarry to quarry and probably also within each lump of rock. A bold assumption has therefore been made that the pores are straight and radial and that their cross-sectional area is 3.7% of the external area of the spherical particle. This value is simply the density difference between the value of 2610 kg/m3 for limestone (see above) and the value of 2711 kg/m3 given for calcite in Perry. Aragonite, a less common form of calcium carbonate in limestone, is significantly denser.|The diffusion flux of dissolved carbonate ions in microgram moles/second/cm2 of pore cross-section (for a guessed penetration) is then very loosely given by: - (Diffusion coefficient) x (Concentration difference ocean to saturation)/(penetration) The calcium ions must of course diffuse at the same time, but much larger concentration gradients can be sustained without affecting the solubility multiple significantly.|An internal dissolving flux through the cross-sectional area of the pores is also calculated. This is based on the extent of internal area that is within the penetration depth (assuming it is uniformly distributed), and a dissolving rate assuming that bulk ocean carbonate concentration applies within the particle. A crude penetration depth is then found that makes the two fluxes equal.|Without internal area the rate of diameter loss for a given dissolving rate in mg/cm2/year would be constant. Abandoning any residual rigor, this is assumed also to apply when there is internal area, regardless of the reality of widening pores, reduced density within the penetration zone etc. In other words the diameter of the particle decreases as if all the material were dissolved at the surface at a rate per unit area the same as at the start.|Peterson measured a dissolving rate of 0.4 mg/cm2/year at 5000 metres depth. This is assumed to be associated with a 5000 metre ocean carbonate concentration of 66 microgram moles/kg, as calculated for the North Pacific, and a carbonate solubility limit of 102 microgram moles/kg. This gives a dissolving rate of 0.0112 mg/cm2/year per microgram mole/kg, which is used in all calculations. Particle lives are simply calculated from the linear rate of loss of diameter that results from the assumed constant particle density.|As the particle dissolves, its diameter and settling velocity decrease. For particles of less than 70 microns the settling velocity is integrated over the life of the particle to give the depth through which they settle.|Table 7 below gives the results of the calculations. Delta CO 3 - conc. is the difference between the carbonate ion concentration in the ocean and the saturation value in microgram moles/kilogram. The first three columns are based on Antarctic carbonate ion concentration at 5000 metres, calculated from current analyses. The last three use the concentration for 80% of maximum limestone addition as in Table 6.|Table 7|Diameter micron|Internal area m2/grm|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|Delta CO 3 - conc.|microm/kg|32.2|32.2|32.2|4.2|4.2|4.2|Initial sink rate m/year|386|5.8E+06|1.5E+05|386|62|1544|Penetration micron|2.5|26.2|40.2|2.5|1.0|5.0|Internal/External area %|0%|2645%|1727%|87%|35%|174%|Diameter loss micron/a|2.8|75.6|50.3|0.7|0.5|1.0|Life years|1.8|19.9|2.0|7.5|4.2|10.3|Integrated sink depth|' metres|234|967|86|5278|Example 8 In this example the figures in example 3 were recalculated assuming that an extra 25% of soft tissue carbon rains down but no extra skeletal calcium carbonate.|Table 8|Depth m|Ca ++|3 -|DIC|alkalinity|Carbon rain|Extra Ca/Extra C|Deep Antarctic long term just after adding max. limestone|10527|54|2338|2408|164|10552|63|2364|2458|164|10577|73|2509|10607|87|2418|2568|163|102|2434|2616|156|As above with 25% extra soft tissue carbon rain|10562|54|87.2%|10588|63|2441|2531|87.8%|10614|73|2468|2582|207|88.3%|10643|87|2641|204|88.7%|102|2508|89.0%|Example 9 In this example the amount of carbon dioxide expelled from the upper ocean layer by a rise in temperature is calculated. The first line shows the calculated temperature needed to match the current North Atlantic surface analysis, assuming it is in equilibrium with the atmosphere at 380 ppm carbon dioxide. This temperature is then raised in two steps of 2.5 ° C and re -equilibrated with the atmosphere. Delta C is the resulting change in the value of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in microgram moles/kg.|The warming effect of the surface appears to be largely confined to the upper 1000 metres of the oceans, as does the reduction in DIC associated with photosynthesis in the top 100 metres. It therefore seems reasonable to consider the top 500 metres as being in equilibrium with the atmosphere at the surface temperature and the next 500 metres being the same as the deep ocean, as this gives the same total DIC in the top 1000 metres as a linear profile from deep ocean to surface conditions. On this basis and applying the change to the entire ocean area (362,000,000 km 2 ) the carbon content of the ocean is reduced by 130 giga-tonnes by a temperature increase of 5 ° C. This is about eighteen times current annual emissions from burning fossil fuel.|Table 9|Temp ° C|Ca ++|3 -|2|DIC|Alkalinity|Delta C|North Atlantic surface analysis, temperature effect|18.71|10462|162|2278|21.21|10462|179|1974|2278|-26|23.71|10462|199|1942|2278|-58|Example In this example the downwelling flow is halved but the rain of carbon and calcium in dead organisms is unchanged. The midway calcium concentrations are as before (ie an average of downwelling and upwelling value, before limestone addition, as given in table 3 and 4). The loss of calcium carbonate concentration as the surface water flows from the midway point to the downwelling zones is the same as the average rain given in table 2. On the entire journey from upwell to downwell zone the loss would be twice this value. The DIC value for the downwell is based on the average equilibrium carbon dioxide concentration at the downwell zones as in example 2 and relates to an actual atmospheric concentration of 380 ppm. Delta DIC is the increase in midway dissolved inorganic carbon concentration compared to the original midway value (calculated from table 3 and 4) before the downflow was halved.|Table 10|Depth m|Ca ++|3 -|2|DIC|Delta DIC|Downwell|10468|94|2106|-22|Midway|The change in ocean carbon inventory of 1194 giga-tonnes is calculated by multiplying the ocean mass by the average midway Delta DIC.|Example 11 In this example the proportion of water downwelling in the Arctic is varied from the 50% of example 2 to 10% and 90% with the balance downwelling in the Antarctic.|Table 11|10% Arctic downwelling depth m|Ca ++|HCO 3 -|3 -|H 2 CO 3|2|DIC|all|10496|2052|92|26|402|No limestone added years 2 te/a 2 /lime.|10496|2052|92|26|402|239|10496|2052|92|26|402|246|2083|26|402|2203|253|3,578,370,821|78.7%|10542|2128|99|26|402|2252|253|8,787,213,643|78.6%|2166|103|26|402|2294|13,925,511,711|78.6%|90 % Arctic downwelling all|1964|21|338|2086|No limestone added years 2 te/a 2 /lime.|1964|21|338|2086|412|1964|21|338|2086|419|10484|1994|103|21|338|2119|426|2,065,570,041|76.6%|10511|2038|108|21|338|2167|426|5,071,697,299|76.5%|112|21|338|2209|413|7,871,283,369|76.4%|Example 12 In this example the impact of limestone addition if upwelling is not in the Antarctic is assessed, assuming all the upflow is from the depth and location shown for the particular row. The downflow composition is as given in the middle rows of table 2 (i.e. preindustrial). The conditions with no limestone added are based on measured DIC and alkalinity. The conditions in the bottom ten rows relate to water upwelling from the depth shown, after it has crossed the oceans and is about to downwell again. The carbon dioxide removal rate is based on a comparison with downwelling water if no limestone was added as in example 2. The residence time in years is calculated as in example 2. To the extent that the actual measured residence time of deep water at these locations is greater than the value in table 12, some of the circulation must be upwelling elsewhere.|The average carbon dioxide removal rate indicated would be somewhat greater than example 2 if upwelling occurs in the North Pacific and less if it occurs in the South Pacific. But the differences are not large enough to be critical for the concept.|Table 12|Depth m|Ca ++|3 -|2|DIC|alkalinity years 2 te/a|North Pacific|10523|38|1191|2388|No Limestone Added|10544|922|2443|568|56|799|533|10541|62|704|2343|2437|10537|66|657|2429|453|South Pacific|10503|63|652|338|No Limestone Added|10534|664|2422|444|10534|68|627|2312|2423|69|609|2404|391|67|622|2284|2394|North Pacific|10532|104|2219|2418|4,297,186,655|10518|102|2391|568|3,128,435,986|10523|103|2204|2401|533|3,785,701,434|10538|2231|2431|5,629,316,595|10559|108|2268|2474|453|8,256,753,964|South Pacific | Family Number|(17863068)|17863068|Abstract|(GB200704758 D0)|Carbon dioxide is permanently and economically removed from the atmosphere on a huge scale by adding powdered limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) or dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2) to the ocean so it reaches a depth where it can dissolve 5. Dissolved limestone returns to the surface at 7 in upwelling current 6. The dissolved limestone will increase the alkalinity of the ocean and encourages the ocean to dissolve more carbon dioxide to maintain an equilibrium. Preferably the material may be formed into a slurry with water and discharged in the ocean such that the plume drops to a depth where carbonate ion concentration is below the solubility limit for calcium carbonate. The solubility of the limestone may be enhanced by ocean fertilization.(From GB2447513 A)|(GB2447513 A)|Carbon dioxide is permanently and economically removed from the atmosphere on a huge scale by adding powdered limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) or dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2) to the ocean so it reaches a depth where it can dissolve 5. Dissolved limestone returns to the surface at 7 in upwelling current 6. The dissolved limestone will increase the alkalinity of the ocean and encourages the ocean to dissolve more carbon dioxide to maintain an equilibrium. Preferably the material may be formed into a slurry with water and discharged in the ocean such that the plume drops to a depth where carbonate ion concentration is below the solubility limit for calcium carbonate. The solubility of the limestone may be enhanced by ocean fertilization.| | Environmental technology | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/77|B01D-2251/402|B01D-2251/404|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2259/4558|C02F-001/66|C02F-001/68/7|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/77|B01D-2251/402|B01D-2251/404|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2259/4558|C02F-001/66|C02F-001/68/7|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/62|C02F-001/66 | B01D-053/62|C02F-001/66 | EP4452871;EP4452871|WO2023115224|WO202036925|ES2387084;ES2387084|US12333604|US11823266 | EP4452871 105522431 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO2023115224 105522431 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO202036925 87694643 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|ES2387084 15469653 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US12333604 99732437 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US11823266 99732437 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | WO200308087|WO200010691 | WO200308087 4073358 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|WO200010691 1466053 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | WO200308087; WO200010691| | (GB2447513)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-Kheshgi (1995) "Sequestering Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide by Increasing Ocean Alkalinity"|-GOLOMB et al (2004) "Limestone-Particle-Stabilized Macroemulsion of Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Water for Ocean Sequestration"|-RAU & CALDEIRA (1999) "Enhanced Carbon Dissolution: a Means of Sequestering Waste CO2 as Ocean Bicarbonate"|-JONES & LU "Engineering Carbon Sequestration in the Ocean"|| | LAPSED | (GB2447513)|LAPSED|(GB0704758)|LAPSED | DEAD | (GB2447513)|DEAD|(GB0704758)|DEAD | (GB2447513)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR GB2447513|Actual or expected expiration date=2013-03-06|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2007-05-16|Event code=GB/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=GB GB0709362|Application date=2007-05-16|Standardized application number=2007GB-0009362|Event publication date=2007-06-27|Event code=GB/D0|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent application filed|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB0709362|Publication stage code=D0|Publication date=2007-06-27|Standardized publication number=GB200709362|Event publication date=2008-09-17|Event code=GB/A|Event group=Examination events|Published Application|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB2447513|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2008-09-17|Standardized publication number=GB2447513|Event publication date=2013-03-06|Event code=GB/WAP|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)|(GB0704758)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR GB0704758|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-09-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2007-03-13|Event code=GB/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=GB GB0704758|Application date=2007-03-13|Standardized application number=2007GB-0004758|Event publication date=2007-04-18|Event code=GB/D0|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent application filed|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB0704758|Publication stage code=D0|Publication date=2007-04-18|Standardized publication number=GB200704758|Event publication date=2010-09-29|Event code=GB/AT|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Applications terminated before publication under section 16(1) | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=Pj1wuD6+3L1frGK9NmSOYBX4n5EyVake66kX6Irr/skRMo5gnoYOkXSTXCpblr3YUtJZQSfwUD0=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=GB2447513&ekey=910&xpn=GB2447513&kind=A | http://www.ipo.gov.uk/p-ipsum/Case/PublicationNumber/GB2447513 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=rF5%252BYDVLfDWeccOAsqvWAnfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | GB | (GB2447513)|NAME=JEREMY BERNARD COOPER | Titre: (GB2447513)|Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal Résumé: (GB2447513)|Carbon dioxide is permanently and economically removed from the atmosphere on a huge scale by adding powdered limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) or dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2) to the ocean so it reaches a depth where it can dissolve 5. Dissolved limestone returns to the surface at 7 in upwelling current 6. The dissolved limestone will increase the alkalinity of the ocean and encourages the ocean to dissolve more carbon dioxide to maintain an equilibrium. Preferably the material may be formed into a slurry with water and discharged in the ocean such that the plume drops to a depth where carbonate ion concentration is below the solubility limit for calcium carbonate. The solubility of the limestone may be enhanced by ocean fertilization. | 2.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article discusses adding limestone to the ocean for carbon dioxide removal, which is related to ocean fertilization but does not explicitly focus on stimulating phytoplankton growth or the biological carbon pump. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | US60/030,018P|US60/030,018|WOUS97/019871 | IN1091/CHE/2007|IN2755/MAS/1997|WOUS97/019871|AU5427398 | IN243996|IN2755/MAS/1997|IN1091/CHE/2007|AU5427398|WO98/20353 | 1445437 | IN1091/CHE/2007 A 2008-12-05 [IN2007CH01091]|IN243996 B 2010-11-19 [IN-243996]|IN2755/MAS/1997 A 2009-07-17 [IN1997CH02755]|WO98/20353 A1 1998-05-14 [WO9820353]|AU5427398 A 1998-05-29 [AU9854273] | 1996-11-01|1996-12-17|1997-10-31 | 2007-05-24|1997-12-02|1997-10-31|1997-10-31 | 2010-11-19|2009-07-17|2008-12-05|1998-05-29|1998-05-14 | |(IN-243996)|2010-11-19|| | (WO98/20353)|2000-05-01|(IN243996)|2017-12-02|(IN1091/CHE/2007)|2018-12-05|(AU5427398)|2003-05-29 | (WO98/20353)|Cytoperfusion of tissue specimens | (WO98/20353)|A tissue specimen (32) is placed on a composite support (20) of nitrocellulose (30) and porous nylon (19) and lyophilized to produce vertical microchannels through the specimen (32). Liquid immunocytological reagents are then perfused through the porous specimen (32) and support (20), providing intimate contact of specimen (32) and reagents. | GRACE BIO LABS | (WO98/20353)|GRACE BIO-LABS, INC. ([US])|(IN243996)|Markels Michael (I) ([US])|(IN2755/MAS/1997)|Markels Michael (I) ([US])|(IN1091/CHE/2007)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|(AU5427398)|GRACE BIO-LABS, INC. | MCGRATH CHARLES M|GRUDZIEN JENNIPHER L | (WO98/20353)|MCGRATH, Charles, M.|GRUDZIEN, Jennipher, L. | (WO98/20353)|NOONAN, William, D. ([US]) | (WO98/20353)|It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a more efficient immunoassay of a cytocoherent specimen to detect cell markers associated with pathologic conditions.|The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.|A drawback of this method has been that it destroys the cytocoherence of the cells, which can remove important information about the tumor. Another problem with this quantitative assay is that malignant cells often proliferate dramatically, while the cell surface marker proliferation is more subtle.|The use of immunohistochemical analysis, however, is limited by the techniques used to prepare tissue specimens.|These manipulations harden the specimen, and make it difficult to introduce probes into it.| | (WO98/20353)|1. A method of preparing tissue specimens for microscopic examination, comprising: mounting a tissue specimen on a porous support that retains cytocoherence of the specimen; lyophtiizing the specimen on the porous support under conditions that form microchannels in the specimen; and perfusing a reagent through the specimen and support;|18. A method of preparing a tissue specimen for microscopic examination, comprising: adhering a tissue specimen to a dry nitrocellulose film mounted on a porous support having an optical transmittance at least 60 % of glass, the porous support having pores with a diameter of about 0.1-0.45 μ; and lyophtiizing the tissue specimen under conditions that form vertical microchannels in the specimen, while retaining cytocoherence of the specimen.|26. A method of preparing a tissue specimen for microscopic examination, comprising: providing a thin tissue specimen havmg a thickness of less than about 20 μ, wherein the tissue specimen is impregnated with a sufficient concentration of an alcohol to normalize a eutectic temperature of the tissue specimen to a desired temperature of about -40°C; providing a composite porous support comprising a nitroceUulose film havmg a thickness of about 5 μ, a pore size of 0.01 to 0.8 μ, and a porosity of less than about 50 % , adhered to a porous nylon base, wherein the nylon base has a pore size of about 0.2 μ, a thickness of about 100 μ, and a light transmittance that is at least 60% of a Ught transmittance of glass; impregnating the nitrocellulose film with a detergent that improves adherence of the tissue specimen to the nitroceUulose film; placing the tissue specimen on the nitroceUulose film in a dry condition so that the tissue specimen adheres with cytocoherence to the nitrocellulose film; lyophtiizing the tissue specimen on the support by freezing the specimen at a rate of at least 20 °C per second, followed by sublimation of soUd ice for at least one minute at a temperature of about -40°C and at a final pressure of about 1 x 10"3 mm Hg to produce vertical microchannels in the tissue specimen; placing a pressurized chamber over the tissue specimen, perfusing through the tissue specimen and composite porous support a liquid reagent containing a diagnostic antibody, wherein the liquid reagent is perfused at a pressure of about 10 psi and a flow rate of about 2 ml/cm2/min for no more than about 1 minute, wherein the flow rate is lower through the nitroceUulose film than through the tissue specimen, then perfusing a washing liquid through the tissue specimen and composite support for no more than about 1 minute; and examining a magnified image of the tissue specimen at a magnification of about 250-400.|28. A composite support for microscopic examination of a tissue specimen, comprising: a surface film that adheres thin tissue specimens in a cytocoherent manner; and a base to which the surface film is mounted, wherein the surface film and base are sufficiently porous to allow a reactant liquid to be perfused through the surface film and base.|35. A system for microscopic examination of a tissue specimen, comprising: a porous support to which the tissue specimen adheres in a cytocoherent fashion, and on which the tissue specimen can be lyophiUzed under conditions that form perfusion pores in the tissue specimen whtie retaining its cytocoherence; and a perfusion attachment capable of being secured to the porous support, and perfusing a liquid through the tissue specimen and porous support under pressure without disrupting the cytocoherence of the tissue specimen.| | (WO98/20353)|Another object of this invention is to provide such an assay that provides reliable and more accurate results that are capable of quantitative interpretation.|This invention concerns histological preparation and examination of tissue specimens for diagnostic purposes. In more particular embodiments, the invention is directed to cytologic and immunofluorescent examination of pathological specimens for diagnostic purposes.| | (WO98/20353)|TISSUE SPECIMEN(100,95)|MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION(100,13)|COMPOSITE SUPPORT(100,12)|TISSUE SPECIMEN MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION(100,4)|TISSUE SPECIMEN CYTOCOHERENCE(46,1)|NITROCELLULOSE FILM(43,19)|SOUD ICE SUBLIMATION(43,1)|TISSUE SPECIMEN WHTIE RETAINING(39,1)|GLASS UGHT TRANSMITTANCE(37,2)|UGHT TRANSMITTANCE(37,2)|TISSUE SPECIMEN ADHERENCE(34,4)|SPECIMEN(33,126)|SPECIMEN RETAINING CYTOCOHERENCE(31,2)|LYOPHUIZED TISSUE SPECIMEN(29,4)|POROUS SUPPORT(28,23)|SPECIMEN CYTOCOHERENCE(28,2)|DIAGNOSTIC ANTIBODY(24,4)|SOUD ICE(22,1)|MICROCHANNEL(21,9)|PERFUSION ATTACHMENT(21,4)|COMPOSITE POROUS SUPPORT(21,2)|PERFUSION PORE(21,2)|RETAINING CYTOCOHERENCE(21,2)|LIQUID REAGENT(19,7)|REAGENT(18,28)|LYOPHILIZED TISSUE SPECIMEN(18,2)|CHAMBER PRESSURIZATION(18,1)|THIN TISSUE SPECIMEN(17,10)|CYTOCOHERENCE(17,6)|TRANSMITTANCE(17,3)|POROUS SUBJACENT LAYER(16,3)|DRY NITROCELLULOSE FILM(15,2)|GLASS TIGHT TRANSMITTANCE(15,1)|TRANSMITTANCE TENSION(15,1)|DETERGENT(14,14)|CYTOCOHERENT(13,3)|UNREACTED REACTANT(13,2)|NORMALIZE EUTECTIC TEMPERATURE(12,6)|NITROCELLULOSE(11,16)|NYLON BASE(11,4)|PORE SIZE(10,27)|IMAGE MAGNIFICATION(10,3)|SPECIMEN EUTECTIC TEMPERATURE(10,3)|POROSITY(9,12)|MAGNIFICATION(9,6)|SEALED CHAMBER(9,5)|PORE(8,26)|DRY CONDITION(8,2)|IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL REAGENT PERFUSION(8,2)|NORMALIZATION(8,2)|PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION(8,2)|FINAL PRESSURE(8,1)|FILM SURFACE(7,14)|SWEENY FILTER(7,10)|NITROCELLULOSE LAYER(7,5)|LABELED ANTIMOUSE ANTIBODY(7,3)|ANNULAR SEAL(7,2)|POROUS BASE MEMBER(7,2)|LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE(6,9)|LYOPHILIZATION CHAMBER(6,6)|PREFILTERED TPB(6,3)|CARCINOMA CEU MEMBRANE(6,2)|COLORIRNETRIC IMMUNOASSAY(6,2)|MDICATE(6,2)|PROBE REAGENT PERFUSION(6,2)|TISSUE SPECIMEN LYOPHILIZATION(6,2)|CARCINOEMBRYONIC GLYCOPROTEIN ANTIGEN(6,1)|HEAVUY VACUOLATED SPECIMEN(6,1)|MICROCHANNELLED TISSUE STABUITY(6,1)|PATHOLOGIC SPECIMEN LYOPHILIZATION(6,1)|PSI(5,17)|HORSE SERUM(5,5)|DARCY EQUATION(5,4)|PERFUSION CHAMBER(5,4)|WASHING LIQUID(5,4)|FROZEN SPECIMEN(5,3)|PERFUSION ASSAY(5,3)|ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LABORATORY(5,1)|AVAUABLE FREEZING PLATEN(5,1)|CRYSTAUINE ICE SUBLIMATION(5,1)|FLUOROCHROME CONJUGATED ANTIBODY(5,1)|NONPOROUS SPECIMEN DIFFUSION WASHING(5,1)|POLYCLONAL RABBIT ANTIBODY(5,1)|REFREEZING PORE TISSUE POROSITY(5,1)|SUPERFICIAL NYLON LATTICEWORK(5,1)|TISSUE SPECIMEN CYTOPERFUSION(5,1)|SPECIMEN POROSITY(4,6)|SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPH(4,5)|MITOTIC FIGURE(4,3)|FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY(4,2)|MICROSCOPIC VIEWING(4,2)|PERFUSION WASHING(4,2)|POROUS NYLON MATERIAL(4,2)|STAINED SPECIMEN(4,2)|TISSUE DISC PLATFORM(4,2)|ALKAUNE PHOSPHATASE SUBSTRATE INCUBATION(4,1)|ANALYTE DIFFUSIONAL LOSS(4,1)|CELLULAR MICROANATOMY RESOLUTION(4,1)|CHROMOGENIC IMMUNOCHEMICAL REACTION(4,1)|COOUNG FIN(4,1)|COUISION PROBABIUTY(4,1)|CRYOSTAT BREAST CANCER SPECIMEN(4,1)|CRYOSTAT TISSUE SPECIMEN(4,1)|CYUNDRICAL REAGENT(4,1)|DISPOSABLE ROTARY REAGENT TRAY(4,1)|EVACUATED AIRTIGHT BAG(4,1)|FISHER SCIENTIFIC(4,1)|FOUOWING LYOPHILIZATION(4,1)|FROZEN TISSUE SPECIMEN(4,1)|GLASS HGHT TRANSMITTANCE(4,1)|IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING(4,1)|LYOPHILIZATION PLATEN(4,1)|LYOPHILIZER UD(4,1)|LYOPHUIZATION CHAMBER LID(4,1)|LYOPHUIZATION LYOPHILIZATION(4,1)|LYOPHUIZED BREAST CANCER TISSUE(4,1)|MICROPOROUS NYLON MEMBRANE CIRCLE(4,1)|PERFUSED PROBE REACTANT(4,1)|PERFUSION ABUITY(4,1)|PERFUSION SUPERIORITY(4,1)|POROUS LYOPHIUZED SPECIMEN(4,1)|POROUS LYOPHUIZED SPECIMEN(4,1)|REGULAR CYUNDRICAL PORE(4,1)|REICHERT JUNG CRYOSTAT(4,1)|SOUD TISSUE COHERENT PIECE(4,1)|SPECIFICAUY BOUND ANTIBODY(4,1)|SPECIMEN MICROCHANNELING(4,1)|SPECIMEN PHOTOMICROGRAPH(4,1)|SUBLIME SPECIMEN ICE(4,1)|TAGGED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE(4,1)|THIN SECTION TISSUE SPECIMEN(4,1)|TISSUE SPECIMEN CYTOCOHERENT TRANSFER(4,1)|UNFIXED TONSTI TISSUE PIECE(4,1)|UQUID NITROCELLULOSE POLYMER(4,1)|WHUE MAINTAINMG(4,1)|BIOCHEMICAL MARKER(3,4)|BLOCKING SOLUTION(3,4)|MINUTE INCUBATION(3,3)|ANALYTE SOLUBILITY(3,2)|COMPOSITE MEMBRANE(3,2)|ESTROGEN RECEPTOR(3,2)|FLUORESCENCE IMAGING(3,2)|ICE REFREEZING RATE(3,2)|INDIRECT ASSAY(3,2)|MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS(3,2)|SIHCONE RUBBER(3,2)|THREADED CAP(3,2)|THREADED NECK(3,2)|ACROMATIC OBJECTIVE(3,1)|ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY(3,1)|ANATOMICAL ARTIFACT(3,1)|ANTIBIOTIN REAGENT(3,1)|BCIP NBT COLOR DETECTION(3,1)|BREAST TUMOR SPECIMEN(3,1)|BROWN COLOR STAIN(3,1)|CAST NITROCELLULOSE(3,1)|CELLULAR ABNORMALITY(3,1)|CELLULAR COMPARTMENT PROLIFERATION(3,1)|CERAMIC ANOPORE FILTER(3,1)|CEU MORPHOLOGY(3,1)|COLORIRNETRIC REAGENT(3,1)|CORNING DIAGNOSTICS(3,1)|COUNTERPRODUCTIVE PRACTICE(3,1)|COUNTERSTAIN SPECIMEN(3,1)|CRYOSTAT CHUCK(3,1)|CYHNDRICAL INSERT(3,1)|CYTOCHEMICAL ASSAY(3,1)|CYTOLOGIC RESOLUTION(3,1)|CYTOLOGICAL SPECIMEN(3,1)|CYTOPERFUSION MANIFOLD(3,1)|CYUNDRICAL INSERT(3,1)|DEUVERING ANTIBODY(3,1)|DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY(3,1)|DIFFUSIONAL WASHING(3,1)|DIGOXYGENIN LABELED CDNA(3,1)|DIRECTIONAL FREEZING(3,1)|DISCRETE ROUND PORE(3,1)|EMBRYONIC PROTEIN(3,1)|ENZYME CONJUGATION(3,1)|ENZYME DIGESTION(3,1)|EYEPIECE MICROMETER(3,1)|FILTING PORE(3,1)|GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOR(3,1)|GELMAN SCIENCE(3,1)|GLASS MICROSCOPE SUDE(3,1)|GOAT ANTIMOUSE(3,1)|GOAT SERUM(3,1)|HORSE ANTIMOUSE(3,1)|ICE REFREEZE(3,1)|IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL REAGENT(3,1)|INSTRUMENT WUL(3,1)|ISOLATED DISCONTINUOUS BIOLOGICAL SPECIMEN(3,1)|LABILE PROTEIN(3,1)|LABUE ANALYTE(3,1)|LYOPHILIZATION PARAMETER(3,1)|LYOPHILIZATION REFREEZING TEMPERATURE(3,1)|LYOPHILIZED SPECIMEN(3,1)|LYOPHILIZED TISSUE ANTIBODY CONTENT(3,1)|LYOPHUIZED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY(3,1)|LYOPHUIZED REAGENT(3,1)|LYOPHUIZED TISSUE(3,1)|MATRIX REGULARITY(3,1)|MESSENGER RNA IMMOBILIZATION(3,1)|MICROPOROUS NYLON FILM(3,1)|MICROPOROUS SUBJACENT LAYER(3,1)|MICROTOME CHUCK(3,1)|MONITORED VOLUMETRICAUY(3,1)|MORPHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION(3,1)|MUUPORE CORPORATION(3,1)|NITROCELLULOSE CYTOCOHERENT TRANSFER FILM(3,1)|NITROCELLULOSE SPECIMEN(3,1)|NONSPECIFIC ANTIBODY CONTENT(3,1)|NONSPECIFIC PROBE TURNOVER RATE(3,1)|ONCOGENE SCIENCE(3,1)|PARTICLE EXCLUSION MEASURE(3,1)|PATHOLOGY SPECIMEN(3,1)|PERCOLATING REACTANT(3,1)|PERFUSE REAGENT(3,1)|PERFUSE SPECIMEN(3,1)|PHOSPHATASE SUBSTRATE KIT(3,1)|PIXEL INTENSITY SCAN(3,1)|POROUS FIUER(3,1)|PRECOOL PLATEN(3,1)|PROTEASE DIGESTION(3,1)|QUANTITATIVE ASSAY(3,1)|REAGENT PIPETTE(3,1)|ROYAL OAK(3,1)|RTS CELLULOSE(3,1)|SOAKING LAMINATE(3,1)|SOLUTE ASSOCIATE(3,1)|SOLUTE DIFFUSION(3,1)|SPECIALIZED MICROPOROUS FILM(3,1)|SPECIMEN ADHESION(3,1)|SPECIMEN FINAL POROSITY(3,1)|SPECIMEN FREEZE(3,1)|SPECIMEN PERFUSION(3,1)|SPECIMEN WUL(3,1)|STAINING DISH(3,1)|STANDARD ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY(3,1)|STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY(3,1)|SUICONE TUBING(3,1)|SURGICAL SPECIMEN(3,1)|TISSUE CYTOCOHERENCE(3,1)|TISSUE RECEPTOR BINDING(3,1)|TONSU SPECIMEN(3,1)|TOUGH PUABUITY(3,1)|TUMOR FRAGMENT(3,1)|ULTRAVIOLET HGHT(3,1)|UNEAR DISTORTION(3,1)|VECTASHIELD REAGENT(3,1)|VIEWED MICROSCOPICAUY(3,1)|WEU REGULATED VACUUM(3,1)|WHUE STTIL(3,1)|POLYVINYL ALCOHOL(2,5)|CELL MEMBRANE(2,4)|POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL(2,4)|WASHING SOLUTION(2,3)|CELL DISPERSION(2,2)|CELL MORPHOLOGY(2,2)|COOLING CHAMBER(2,2)|COOUNG CHAMBER(2,2)|DEHYDRATION(2,2)|FLUORESCENCE DETECTION(2,2)|GRADUATED PIPETTE(2,2)|IMMUNOPHENOTYPING(2,2)|MICROSCOPIC IMAGE(2,2)|MIUITORR(2,2)|NUCLEOPORE STANDARD(2,2)|NYTRAN LAYER(2,2)|PERFORATION(2,2)|PERFUSION TUBE(2,2)|POROUS COMPOSITE FILM(2,2)|SPECIMEN THICKNESS(2,2)|1M TRIS SOLUTION(2,1)|ACTIVITY YEAR(2,1)|ADHESIVE UNDERSURFACE(2,1)|ANTAGONISTIC PRACTICE(2,1)|ANTI DIGOXYGENIN ANTIBODY(2,1)|ANTIESTROGENIC DRUG TREATMENT(2,1)|ARTIFACTUAL SEPARATION(2,1)|AUTOFLUORESCENCE(2,1)|BIORAD IMAGE ANALYZER(2,1)|BREAST TUMOR CELL(2,1)|BUFFER TISSUE VOID VOLUME(2,1)|CAPULARY ACTION(2,1)|CELL BLOTTING(2,1)|CELL CONTENT(2,1)|CELL HOMOGENIZATION(2,1)|CEUULOSE ACETATE(2,1)|CLEAN RELEASE ADHESIVE LINER(2,1)|COHERENT MEMBRANE SIGNAL(2,1)|COHERENT TISSUE(2,1)|COLOR DEVELOPMENT REAGENT(2,1)|COLOR INTENSITY(2,1)|COLORIRNETRIC CHANGE(2,1)|COLORIRNETRIC REACTION(2,1)|COLORIRNETRIC SIGNAL INTENSITY(2,1)|COMPOSITE FILM PERMEABIUTY(2,1)|COMPOSITE FILTER(2,1)|COMPOSITE LINEAR SWELLING(2,1)|CONDENSER NUMERIC APERTURE(2,1)|CONDUCTANCE(2,1)|COVALENTLY BONDING(2,1)|COVER SUPPED MICROSCOPICAUY(2,1)|CPLORIMETRIC DETECTION(2,1)|CRYSTALLINE ICE(2,1)|DETERGENT IMPREGNATED FILM(2,1)|DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION(2,1)|DISCONTINUITY(2,1)|DISCRETE PORE(2,1)|DNA AMPLIFICATION(2,1)|DYNE SEC CM2(2,1)|EXCIPIENT SOLUTION(2,1)|EXPENSIVE REAGENT MICROLITER VOLUME(2,1)|EXPOSED NITROCELLULOSE(2,1)|EXPOSING REACTION SITE(2,1)|EXTERIOR THREAD(2,1)|FACTORIAL ANOVA(2,1)|FIBROUS CORE(2,1)|FILTER MASK(2,1)|FINE NEEDLE BIOPSY SPECIMEN(2,1)|FINISHED SPECIMEN(2,1)|FLEXIBLE TUBING(2,1)|FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY DETECTION(2,1)|FOUOWING SEQUENCE(2,1)|FROZEN SAMPLE(2,1)|GLASS SUDE(2,1)|HED CERAMIC FILTER(2,1)|HED PORE(2,1)|HEMATOXYLIN STAINED TISSUE SECTION(2,1)|HISTOPATHOLOGIC(2,1)|HUMAN TONSU(2,1)|IDENTICAL PLATEN(2,1)|IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY(2,1)|IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS(2,1)|IMMUNOMICROSCOPY(2,1)|IUUSTRATE KEY PHYSICAL PROPERTY(2,1)|LARGE VACUOLE UKE PORE(2,1)|LID GASKET(2,1)|LYOPHILIZATION CONDITION(2,1)|LYOPHUIZATION CHAMBER INTERIOR(2,1)|LYOPHUIZATION CHAMBER TEMPERATURE(2,1)|LYOPLULIZATION CHAMBER(2,1)|MAJOR BREAST CANCER(2,1)|MAMMALIAN CELL(2,1)|MASK MARGIN(2,1)|MATRIX STIU(2,1)|MAXIMUM PIXEL INTENSITY(2,1)|MEDIAN PORE DENSITY(2,1)|MEMBRANE PROTEIN BINDING(2,1)|MICROANATOMIC RELATIONSHIP(2,1)|MICROPOROUS NYLON SUPPORT(2,1)|MICROSCOPE SLIDE FACUITATE(2,1)|MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE(2,1)|MINUTE WASH(2,1)|ML PLASTIC PIPETTE(2,1)|MRNA MARKER(2,1)|MTROCEUULOSE FILM(2,1)|NITROCELLULOSE FILTER(2,1)|NITROCELLULOSE PAPER(2,1)|NITROCEUULOSE NYTRAN(2,1)|NOISE INTENSITY(2,1)|NONPOROUS GLASS MICROSCOPE SLIDE(2,1)|NORMALIZING SOLUTION(2,1)|NYLON REFRACTIVE INDEX(2,1)|NYLON SUBSTRATE(2,1)|OPTIMUM CONDENSER(2,1)|OUTLET ORIFICE(2,1)|PERFUSE LIQUID REAGENT(2,1)|PERFUSION FORMAT(2,1)|PERFUSION HOLE(2,1)|PERMEABILITY CALCULATION CONSTANT(2,1)|POLYCARBONATE SLIDE(2,1)|POLYESTER LINER(2,1)|POLYMER CASTING(2,1)|PORE DIRECTION(2,1)|PORE FORMER(2,1)|POROSITYB THICKNESS(2,1)|POROUS FILM MATRIX(2,1)|POROUS GLASS COVERSLIP(2,1)|PRIMARY INCUBATION(2,1)|PROBE INCUBATION(2,1)|PROGNOSTIC CELLULAR CHANGE(2,1)|PROLONGED TREATMENT(2,1)|PURIFIED BSA(2,1)|PUUING TAB(2,1)|QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOASSAY SIGNAL INTENSITY(2,1)|RAPID CHAMBER EVACUATION(2,1)|REACTIVE CEUS(2,1)|REAGENT FUNNEL(2,1)|RECRYSTAUZATION RATE(2,1)|ROTARY SHAKER(2,1)|SAMPLE PLATEN(2,1)|SECONDARY ANTIBODY CONJUGATION(2,1)|SECRETORY EP(2,1)|SILICON GASKET(2,1)|SOUD PHASE REACTION MATRIX(2,1)|SPECIMEN CAPACITY(2,1)|SPECIMEN ENTIRE POROUS MATRIX(2,1)|SPECIMEN MATRIX(2,1)|SPECIMEN PLANE(2,1)|SPECIMEN WATER(2,1)|SPUN CAST(2,1)|STRUCTURAL STABUITY(2,1)|SUBTIE(2,1)|SUICONE RUBBER(2,1)|SUPPORT MICROMELTING(2,1)|TANK PRESSURIZATION(2,1)|THAW MOUNTED CRYOSTAT SPECIMEN(2,1)|THICK COMPOSITE FILM ACTUAUY(2,1)|THICK NITROCELLULOSE COMPONENT(2,1)|TIGHT MICROSCOPY(2,1)|TISSUE EUTECTIC FREEZING TEMPERATURE(2,1)|TISSUE MATRIX(2,1)|TISSUE PORE CM2(2,1)|TISSUE PORE DIAMETER(2,1)|TISSUE SPECIMEN FACE(2,1)|TISSUE SPECIMEN FILM(2,1)|TOUCH PREP(2,1)|TRAY DRYER(2,1)|TREATING TISSUE(2,1)|TRIMMED SAMPLE(2,1)|UNIFORM LYOPHILIZATION(2,1)|UNIFORM RESOL(2,1)|UNTU SPIN CASTING(2,1)|UQUID NITROGEN INLET(2,1)|VACUUM CONDENSER(2,1)|VECTOR LABORATORY(2,1)|VIRTUAL LOSS(2,1)|VISIBLE PORE(2,1)|VISIBLE UV TIGHT TRANSMITTANCE(2,1)|VOLUMETRIC COLUMN(2,1)|WASH BUFFER(2,1)|FLOW RATE(1,21)|SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE(1,5)|EOSIN(1,3)|HEAT SINK CHAMBER(1,3)|PCNA(1,3)|SDS(1,3)|SIGNAL PRECISION(1,3)|CUP(1,2)|ISOPROPANOL(1,2)|SAVINGS(1,2)|SHELF(1,2)|0O DIAMETER(1,1)|ANNULAR FLANGE(1,1)|ANTIBODY ABC(1,1)|ANTIGEN RETRIEVAL(1,1)|BACTERIA(1,1)|CELL MATRIX(1,1)|CELL RELATIONSHIP(1,1)|CEUULAR STRUCTURE RESOLUTION(1,1)|CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY(1,1)|CHRONIC GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA(1,1)|COMEDO(1,1)|COMPOSITE PERMEABILITY DETERMINATION(1,1)||(IN243996)|SEA(100,28)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,15)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,9)|FERTILIZER(48,36)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(24,3)|NUTRIENT(23,16)|FERTILIZATION(20,22)|FISH SPECIES(19,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(17,2)|IRON CHELATE(16,4)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(14,3)|FERTILIZER PELLET(12,7)|SEA FERTILIZATION(8,3)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(8,2)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(8,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(8,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(7,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(7,1)|BINDER(6,3)|MINERAL(6,3)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(6,3)|000METRIC TON(6,2)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(6,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(6,1)|SEEDED FISH STOCK HARVESTING(6,1)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(6,1)|SEAWATER(5,7)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(5,3)|WAX(5,3)|VERDANT ZONE(5,2)|BARREN DESERT(5,1)|COUNTRY COAST(5,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(5,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(5,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(5,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(5,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(5,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(5,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(5,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(5,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(5,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(4,3)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(4,2)|IRON LIGNIN(4,2)|000PER YEAR(4,1)|000SQUARE MILE(4,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(4,1)|COMPANION BOAT(4,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(4,1)|EAST COAST(4,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(4,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(4,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(4,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(4,1)|ISLAND STATE(4,1)|OCEAN FARMING(4,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(4,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(4,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(4,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(4,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(4,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(4,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(4,1)|WEST COAST(4,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(4,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(3,6)|ANCESTOR(3,3)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(3,3)|DENSITY MATERIAL(3,2)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(3,2)|SEA PLANT LIFE(3,2)|CERAMIC BALLOON(3,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(3,1)|EARLY HISTORY(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(3,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(3,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|OCEAN REST(3,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(3,1)|JOB(2,3)|MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE(2,3)|SHIP(2,3)|ATLANTIC(2,2)|BIOMASS(2,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(2,2)|PACIFIC COAST(2,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(2,2)|WATER STATE(2,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(2,1)|ANCHOVETTA(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(2,1)|BROADCAST(2,1)|CHANGING SEASON(2,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(2,1)|CONTROVERSY(2,1)|COW(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(2,1)|DROUGHT(2,1)|EGG MASS(2,1)|ENCROACHMENT(2,1)|ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETICACID(2,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(2,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(2,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(2,1)|FISH CATCH(2,1)|FISHERMAN(2,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(2,1)|GRASS(2,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(2,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(2,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(2,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(2,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(2,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(2,1)||(IN2755/MAS/1997)|SEA(100,28)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,17)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,9)|FERTILIZER(47,36)|IRON CHETATE(33,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(31,20)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(24,3)|NUTRIENT(22,16)|FISH SPECIES(19,1)|FERTILIZE AREA(18,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(17,2)|FERTILIZATION(15,22)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(14,3)|FERTILIZER PELLET(12,7)|IRON CHELATE(10,3)|SEA FERTILIZATION(8,3)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(8,2)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(8,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(8,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(7,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(7,1)|BINDER(6,3)|MINERAL(6,3)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(6,3)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(6,1)|SEAWATER(5,7)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(5,3)|WAX(5,3)|VERDANT ZONE(5,2)|BARREN DESERT(5,1)|COUNTRY COAST(5,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(5,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(5,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(5,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(5,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(5,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(5,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(5,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(5,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(5,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(5,1)|SEEDED FISH STOCK HARVESTING(5,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(5,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(4,3)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(4,2)|IRON LIGNIN(4,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(4,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|ISLAND STATE(4,1)|OCEAN FARMING(4,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(4,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(4,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(4,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(4,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(3,6)|ANCESTOR(3,3)|DENSITY MATERIAL(3,2)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(3,2)|SEA PLANT LIFE(3,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(3,1)|CERAMIC BALLOON(3,1)|COMPANION BOAT(3,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(3,1)|EARLY HISTORY(3,1)|EAST COAST(3,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(3,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(3,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(3,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(3,1)|MONOAMONIUM PHOSPHATE(3,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(3,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(3,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|OCEAN REST(3,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(3,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(3,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(3,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(3,1)|WEST COAST(3,1)|JOB(2,3)|SHIP(2,3)|ATLANTIC(2,2)|BIOMASS(2,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(2,2)|PACIFIC COAST(2,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(2,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(2,2)|WATER STATE(2,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(2,1)|CHANGING SEASON(2,1)|EGG MASS(2,1)|ENCROACHMENT(2,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(2,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(2,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(2,1)|GRASS(2,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(2,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(2,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(2,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(2,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(2,1)|ANCHOVETTA(1,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(1,1)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(1,1)|BROADCAST(1,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(1,1)|CONTROVERSY(1,1)|COW(1,1)|DOLPHIN(1,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(1,1)|DROUGHT(1,1)|ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETICACID(1,1)|FISH CATCH(1,1)|FISHERMAN(1,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(1,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(1,1)|HATCHERY(1,1)||(IN1091/CHE/2007)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,20)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,14)|BARREN OCEAN(100,2)|FERTILIZER(95,36)|NUTRIENT(53,17)|MICROORGANISM(49,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON(48,11)|SEA(40,26)|FISH SPECIES(39,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(35,2)|IRON CHELATE(32,4)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(32,2)|FERTILIZER PELLET(24,7)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(24,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(19,7)|FISH(19,3)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(19,2)|SEA FERTILIZATION(17,3)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(17,2)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(17,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(15,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(14,1)|BINDER(13,3)|MINERAL(13,3)|000METRIC TON(13,2)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(13,1)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(12,3)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(12,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(12,1)|SEEDED FISH STOCK HARVESTING(12,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(11,3)|VERDANT ZONE(11,2)|SEAWATER(10,7)|WAX(10,3)|BARREN DESERT(10,1)|COUNTRY COAST(10,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(10,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(10,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(10,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(10,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(10,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(10,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(10,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(10,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(10,1)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(9,2)|IRON LIGNIN(9,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(9,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(9,1)|ISLAND STATE(9,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(9,1)|OCEAN FARMING(9,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(9,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(9,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(9,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(9,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(8,3)|000PER YEAR(8,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(8,1)|COMPANION BOAT(8,1)|EAST COAST(8,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(8,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(8,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(8,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(8,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(8,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(8,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|WEST COAST(8,1)|DENSITY MATERIAL(7,2)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(7,2)|SEA PLANT LIFE(7,2)|ANCESTOR(6,3)|CERAMIC BALLOON(6,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(6,1)|EARLY HISTORY(6,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(6,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(6,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|OCEAN REST(6,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(6,1)|JOB(5,3)|SHIP(5,3)|ATLANTIC(5,2)|BIOMASS(5,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(5,2)|PACIFIC COAST(5,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(5,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(5,2)|WATER STATE(5,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(5,1)|CHANGING SEASON(5,1)|EGG MASS(5,1)|ENCROACHMENT(5,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(5,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(5,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(5,1)|GRASS(5,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(5,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(5,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(5,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(5,1)|ANCHOVETA(4,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(4,1)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(4,1)|BROADCAST(4,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(4,1)|CONTROVERSY(4,1)|COW(4,1)|DOLPHIN(4,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(4,1)|DROUGHT(4,1)|FISH CATCH(4,1)|FISHERMAN(4,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(4,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(4,1)|HATCHERY(4,1)|HORSEPOWER(4,1)| | (WO98/20353)| We claim:|1. A method of preparing tissue specimens for microscopic examination, comprising: mounting a tissue specimen on a porous support that retains cytocoherence of the specimen; lyophtiizing the specimen on the porous support under conditions that form microchannels in the specimen; and perfusing a reagent through the specimen and support;|2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specimen is lyophUized below a eutectic temperature of the specimen.|3. The method of claim 1, further comprising examining the specimen for the presence of a reaction between the specimen and the reagent that mdicates the presence of a pathological condition associated with the specimen.|4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reagent is a diagnostic antibody.|5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reagent is perfused through the specimen and support at a pressure of about 10 psi, and a flow rate of about 2 ml/min/cm2.|6. The method of claim 1, wherein the specimen is lyophUized on the porous support under conditions that promote the formation of vertical microchannels in the specimen.|7. The method of claim 1, wherein the specimen is lyophUized under conditions that form pores of about 1 μ diameter in the specimen.|8. The method of claim 1, wherein the specimen is lyophUized under conditions that provide a pore density of about 0.6 x 108 pores/cm2.|9. The method of claim 1, wherein the support comprises a composite film that includes a nitroceUulose layer in contact with the tissue specimen, and a porous subjacent layer that is has a light transmittance that is at least 60% the tight transmittance of glass.|10. The method of claim 9, wherein the porous subjacent layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of microporous nylon, ceramic, and ceUulose.|11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising impregnating the support with a detergent that improves adherence of the specimen to the support.|12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding an excipient to the specimen prior to lyophilization, wherein the excipient normalizes the eutectic temperature of the specimen.|13. The method of claim 1 , wherein perfusing a reagent through the specimen and support comprises attaching a sealed chamber to a surface of the support, and introducing the reagent in Uquid form into the sealed chamber and through the support under pressure.|14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the support limits a rate of perfusion of the reagent through the support and specimen.|15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specimen is lyophilized at a temperature of -70 to -30°C.|16. The method of claim 15, wherein the specimen is lyophilized by freezing the specimen at a rate of more than 5°C per second.|17. The method of claim 16, wherein the specimen is a thin section tissue specimen less than about 20 μ thick prior to lyophUization.|18. A method of preparing a tissue specimen for microscopic examination, comprising: adhering a tissue specimen to a dry nitrocellulose film mounted on a porous support having an optical transmittance at least 60 % of glass, the porous support having pores with a diameter of about 0.1-0.45 μ; and lyophtiizing the tissue specimen under conditions that form vertical microchannels in the specimen, while retaining cytocoherence of the specimen.|19. The method of claim 18, further comprising perfusing a liquid reagent under pressure through the tissue specimen and porous support to react the liquid reagent with the tissue specimen.|20. The method of claim 19, further comprising washing the specimen to remove unreacted reactant, by perfusing a washing liquid under pressure through the tissue specimen and porous support.|21. The method of claim 18, wherein the tissue specimen is lyophilized under conditions that form a lyophilized tissue specimen having pores of a diameter of less than about 1 μ and a tissue porosity of less than about 50 % , and the nitroceUulose film is less porous than the lyophUized tissue specimen so that a rate of flow of reagent through the tissue specimen is limited by a rate of flow of the reagent through the nitroceUulose.|22. The method of claim 21, further comprising adding a normalizing agent to the tissue specimen prior to lyophilizing the tissue specimen, to normalize a eutectic temperature of the specimen.|23. The method of claim 19, wherein the liquid is perfused through the tissue specimen and porous support under a pressure of less than about 10 psi, and at a flow rate of less than about 2 ml/cm2/min.|24. The method of claim 19, wherein the liquid is perfused through the tissue specimen and support by attaching a chamber to the surface of the tissue specimen, and introducing the liquid into the chamber under pressure.|25. The method of claim 18, wherein the tissue specimen is lyophiUzed by freezing at a rate of at least 20 °C per second, and sublimation for at least 1 minute at a temperature of -40 to - 70°C.|26. A method of preparing a tissue specimen for microscopic examination, comprising: providing a thin tissue specimen havmg a thickness of less than about 20 μ, wherein the tissue specimen is impregnated with a sufficient concentration of an alcohol to normalize a eutectic temperature of the tissue specimen to a desired temperature of about -40°C; providing a composite porous support comprising a nitroceUulose film havmg a thickness of about 5 μ, a pore size of 0.01 to 0.8 μ, and a porosity of less than about 50 % , adhered to a porous|nylon base, wherein the nylon base has a pore size of about 0.2 μ, a thickness of about 100 μ, and a light transmittance that is at least 60% of a Ught transmittance of glass; impregnating the nitrocellulose film with a detergent that improves adherence of the tissue specimen to the nitroceUulose film; placing the tissue specimen on the nitroceUulose film in a dry condition so that the tissue specimen adheres with cytocoherence to the nitrocellulose film; lyophtiizing the tissue specimen on the support by freezing the specimen at a rate of at least 20 °C per second, followed by sublimation of soUd ice for at least one minute at a temperature of about -40°C and at a final pressure of about 1 x 10"3 mm Hg to produce vertical microchannels in the tissue specimen; placing a pressurized chamber over the tissue specimen, perfusing through the tissue specimen and composite porous support a liquid reagent containing a diagnostic antibody, wherein the liquid reagent is perfused at a pressure of about 10 psi and a flow rate of about 2 ml/cm2/min for no more than about 1 minute, wherein the flow rate is lower through the nitroceUulose film than through the tissue specimen, then perfusing a washing liquid through the tissue specimen and composite support for no more than about 1 minute; and examining a magnified image of the tissue specimen at a magnification of about 250-400.|27. The method of claim 26, further comprising quantitating a reaction between the reagent and the tissue specimen.|28. A composite support for microscopic examination of a tissue specimen, comprising: a surface film that adheres thin tissue specimens in a cytocoherent manner; and a base to which the surface film is mounted, wherein the surface film and base are sufficiently porous to allow a reactant liquid to be perfused through the surface film and base.|29. The composite support of claim 28, further comprising a thin tissue specimen lyophUized on the surface of the film.|30. The composite film of claim 28, wherein the surface film comprises a nitroceUulose film.|31. The composite film of claim 28, wherein the film is about 5 μ thick, has a pore size of about 0.01-0.8 μ and a porosity of less than about 50 % , and the base has a pore size of about 0.2 μ, a thickness of about 100 μ, and a light transmittance that is at least 60% of a Ught transmittance of glass.|32. The composite film of claim 28, wherem the composite support is impregnated with a detergent that improves adherence of the tissue specimen to the film.|33. The composite film of claim 32, wherein the detergent is sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate.|34. The composite film of claim 31, wherein the base comprises a porous nylon material.|35. A system for microscopic examination of a tissue specimen, comprising:|a porous support to which the tissue specimen adheres in a cytocoherent fashion, and on which the tissue specimen can be lyophiUzed under conditions that form perfusion pores in the tissue specimen whtie retaining its cytocoherence; and a perfusion attachment capable of being secured to the porous support, and perfusing a liquid through the tissue specimen and porous support under pressure without disrupting the cytocoherence of the tissue specimen.|36. The system of claim 35, wherein the perfusion attachment comprises a chamber with an annular seal for placement against the support.|37. The system of claim 35, wherein the porous support comprises a nitrocellulose film adhered to a porous base member that has an optical transmittance that is at least 60 % of the optical transmittance of glass.|38. The system of claim 37, wherein the nitroceUulose film is less permeable to flow of liquid than the lyophUized tissue specimen, so that the porous base member limits the flow of the liquid through the tissue specimen. | (WO98/20353)|[0001] CYTOPERFUSION OF TISSUE SPECIMENS| [0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION| [0003] This invention concerns histological preparation and examination of tissue specimens for diagnostic purposes. In more particular embodiments, the invention is directed to cytologic and immunofluorescent examination of pathological specimens for diagnostic purposes.| [0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION| [0005] Microscopic examination of tissue specimens for histopathologic purposes has gready enhanced the effectiveness of medical treatments for a variety of illnesses, because microscopic examination permits a more specific diagnosis of a pathological condition. In standard anatomical pathology, a diagnosis is made on the basis of cell morphology and staining characteristics. Tumor specimens, for example, can be examined to characterize the tumor type and predict whether the patient will respond to a particular form of chemotherapy. Although the microscopic examination and classification of tumors has improved medical treatment, the microscopic appearance of a tissue specimen stained by standard methods (such as hematoxylin and eosin) can only reveal a limited amount of diagnostic information.| [0006] Recent advances in molecular medicine have provided an even greater opportunity to understand the cellular mechanisms of disease, and select appropriate treatments with the greatest likelihood of success. Some hormone dependent breast tumor cells, for example, have an increased number of estrogen receptors on their cell surfaces that indicate that the patient from whom the tumor was taken will respond to certain anti-estrogenic drug treatments. Other diagnostic and prognostic cellular changes include the presence of tumor specific cell surface antigens (as in melanoma), the production of embryonic proteins (such as α-fetoprotein in liver cancer and carcinoembryonic glycoprotein antigen produced by gastrointestinal tumors), and chromosomal abnormalities (such as the presence of oncogenes). A variety of techniques have evolved to detect the presence of these cellular abnormalities, including immunophenotyping, in situ hybridization, flow cytometry, and DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).| [0007] One approach to molecular diagnosis has been to homogenize cells from a tissue specimen, to expose the cellular contents to a liquid environment in which analysis of the biochemical markers can be performed. This approach has been used to detect changes in the concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or estrogen receptors (ER) in breast cancer. A drawback of this method has been that it destroys the cytocoherence of the cells, which can remove important information about the tumor. Another problem with this quantitative assay is that malignant cells often proliferate dramatically, while the cell surface marker proliferation is more subtle. The greater proliferation of the cellular compartment can overwhelm the more subtieincrease in the cell surface markers, thereby obscuring quantitative information about marker concentration.| [0008] Another approach to molecular diagnosis of tissue specimens has been to expose the tissue to probes. A probe is any molecule that specifically binds to a nucleic acid sequence or protein of interest, and which can be labeled so that the required targets can be detected. Probes for nucleic acid sequences are radiolabeled or chemically tagged oligonucleotides of complementary sequence to the DNA or RNA sequence that is diagnostic of a genetic change associated with a tumor (such as the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic granulocytic leukemia). A monoclonal antibody can be designed to recognize antigens that are biochemical markers (such as the Her-2 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in breast cancer). The antibodies may undergo a chromogenic immunochemical reaction that is proportional to the concentration of the biochemical marker, such that the concentration of the marker on the cell can be colorometrically quantitated. The reaction may either be direct (fluorochrome directly conjugated to the primary antibody) or indirect (two- stage procedure in which a secondary fluorochrome conjugated antibody is directed against the primary antibody). Such basic techniques of immunohistochemistry (including immunofluorescent staining methods and enzyme conjugation procedures) are disclosed in DeLellis, Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry, Masson Publishing, 1981, chapter 1 and 2.| [0009] The use of immunohistochemical analysis, however, is limited by the techniques used to prepare tissue specimens. Standard preparation techniques usually require that a paraffin embedded or thin frozen section be mounted on a nonporous glass or plastic slide. The specimen is usually first chemically fixed with a cross-linking agent (such as formaldehyde), or embedded with resin, to preserve the specimen for prolonged storage. These manipulations harden the specimen, and make it difficult to introduce probes into it. Subsequent chemical treatments of the specimen may be used to soften or "unfix" it, which improves access to probes, but only at the expense of disrupting cellular relationships and degrading the image. "Unfixation" methods, such as enzyme digestion or antigen retrieval with heating and strong alkali are described in Taylor and Cote, Immunomicroscopy: A Diagnostic Tool for the Surgical Pathologist, 2nd ed. , 1994, WB Saunders, chapter 3.| [0010] Another problem with fixation of tissue specimens on slides is that cellular solutes diffuse from the specimen during chemical fixation, and these solutes may be lost or transported away from their original locations. Solute diffusion can reduce the signal intensity of quantitative immunoassays, and degrade the quality of the magnified image. This problem has been addressed in PCT Publication No. WO 93/04193, which discloses that cytocoherent transfer of a tissue specimen can be achieved by thawing a frozen sample on a membrane impregnated with a surfactant. Cytocoherent transfer is a transfer that preserves the location of the target cell solute (such as the location of a protein receptor in the cell membrane) with accurate planar definition relative to cellular microanatomy and organdies with which the solute associates. The approach disclosed in this PCT publication is said to avoid channeling of the tissue specimen, which can result from icecrystal formation and sublimation, and which causes undesirable dessication and deterioration of tissue that can occur with quench freezing of the sample. Cytocoherent transfer methods are also disclosed in McGrath et al., "High-Definition Cell Analysis In Situ Using Microporous Films", Cell Vision; 2:499-509 (1995), and McGrath et al, "Cytometrically Coherent Transfer of Receptor Proteins on Microporous Membranes", BioTechniques; 11:352-361 (1991).| [0011] Lyophilization of pathologic specimens for subsequent analysis has also been discussed in the scientific literature. An example is Stumpf and Roth, "High Resolution Autoradiography with Dry Mounted, Freeze-Dried Frozen Sections", /. of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry; 14:274-287 (1966), in which frozen sections of tissue are freeze dried on emulsion coated glass slides for autoradiography. Another example is U.S. Patent No. 5,059,518, in which mammalian cells are lyophilized after being exposed to trehalose to produce a cell pellet that, when rehydrated, retains optimal physiological characteristics. Cells prepared in this fashion are disaggregated, and not cytocoherent.| [0012] Transfer of cellular and other biological components (particularly nucleic acids) on to nitrocellulose or nylon substrates has also been disclosed. See, for example, Seshi, "Cell Blotting: Techniques for Staining and Microscopical Examination of Cells Blotted on Nitrocellulose Paper" , Analytical Biochemistry; 157:331-342 (1986); U.S. Patent No. 4,483,920 (immobilization of messenger RNA directly from cells onto nitrocellulose filter material); and U.S. Patent No. 4,455,370 (microporous nylon films used as transfer membranes for nucleic acids, proteins, bacteria and viruses).| [0013] The concept of perfusing reagents into chambers for reacting with biological materials is also disclosed in a variety of references. U.S. Patent No. 4,681,853 describes a method of perfusing reagents into a chamber holding a membrane to which nucleic acids are bound, for the purpose of treating the surfaces of the membrane. U.S. Patent No. 5,312,731 shows perfusion of cytotoxic drugs through a cell aggregate suspended in a perfusion chamber. U.S. Patent No.| [0014] 4,493,815 reveals microtiter wells in a horizontal array, having perforated plates above and below the wells through which reactants are perfused. The disclosure of each of these patents is limited to exposing the surface of the specimen to reagents, or flowing reagents through disaggregated cells. U.S. Patent No. 5,192,503 discloses a probe clip for performing in-situ assays of tissue sections, which is also discussed in McGrath et al., Cell Vision; 2:165-169 (1995). These references disclose a chamber with a silicon gasket which is pressed against a microscope slide to form a sealed chamber around a frozen section tissue specimen mounted on the slide. Immunocytochemical reagents are then introduced into the chamber where a reaction between the reagent and tissue specimen can occur. In spite of years of activity in this field, significant obstacles still remain to the routine use of probes in the examination of cytological specimens. Even if a specimen is prepared by a method that maintains its cytocoherence, it must still be reacted with the probes or monoclonalantibodies that recognize the biochemical markers associated with the cell. This is a time-consuming and expensive process. A typical colorirnetric immunoassay may require 4-5 hours, including 15-30 minutes for retrieval of the specimen, 30-60 minutes for fixation, 60-90 minutes for exposure to the primary antibody, 15 minutes to wash out the primary antibody, 30-60 minutes to expose the tissue to a secondary antibody, linker or enzyme that recognizes the primary antibody to produce a colorirnetric change, followed by another 15 minute wash. In situ hybridization of an oligonucleotide probe to a tissue specimen typically includes even more steps and longer incubations. These prolonged treatments reduce the efficiency of the assay and increase its cost.| [0015] It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a more efficient immunoassay of a cytocoherent specimen to detect cell markers associated with pathologic conditions.| [0016] Another object of this invention is to provide such an assay that provides reliable and more accurate results that are capable of quantitative interpretation.| [0017] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The foregoing objects are achieved by the present invention, which includes a method of preparing tissue specimens for microscopic examination, by mounting a tissue specimen on a porous support that retains cytocoherence of the specimen. The tissue specimen (which may for example be a thin section, touch prep, body fluid smear, fine needle biopsy specimen, cell culture, or a biological fluid such as blood or urine) is then lyophilized in a cytocoherent form on the porous support under conditions that form microchannels in the specimen, so that a reagent can be perfused through the specimen and support. Perfusion of the reagent (such as a probe) through the porous specimen permits a rapid and effective reaction to occur between the specimen and probe. Subsequent steps, such as washing the specimen or introducing secondary antibodies, can also be performed by perfusion. Perfusion of reagents and washing solutions substantially reduces the reaction time and cost of the assay, improves the quality of the microscopic image, and enhances signal accuracy of colorirnetric and other indicators used in quantitative studies.| [0018] In disclosed embodiments, the specimen is lyophilized below a eutectic temperature of the specimen. The eutectic temperature is the initial melting point of the specimen, at which water in the frozen specimen begins to liquefy (and electrical conductivity increases). Lyophilization below this temperature allows liquid to be sublimed from the solid to the gaseous phase, to form pores in the specimen through which probes and other reagents can be perfused. Lyophilization is performed under conditions that create a vertical temperature gradient, and form vertical microchannels in the specimen, to enhance the flow of reactants through the specimen. The formation of such microchannels has previously been considered an undesirable artifact, but the present invention has disregarded that teaching to arrive at the improved perfusion process.| [0019] In some disclosed embodiments, the reagent is a diagnostic antibody, which is perfused through the specimen and support at a pressure of about lOpsi, and a flow rate of about 2ml/cm2/min. Negative pressure (vacuum) as well as positive pressure can be used to perfuse the reagent through the porous specimen. The specimen may be lyophilized under conditions that form pores of about 1 μ diameter in the specimen, and a pore density of at least about 0.6 x 108 pores/cm2 of tissue. The porous support can be a composite film that includes a nitrocellulose surface layer to which the tissue specimen is adhered, and a microporous subjacent layer that has a light transmittance which is at least 60% the hght transmittance of glass. The porous subjacent layer may be a microporous nylon, ceramic or cellulose material. The support can be impregnated with a detergent (such a sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate) that improves adherence of the specimen to the support. An excipient may be added to the specimen prior to lyophilization, to normalize the eutectic temperature of the specimen at a desired process temperature, so that reproducible, uniform lyophilization will occur in specimens of varying compositions.| [0020] The reagent may be perfused through the specimen and composite film by attaching a sealed chamber to a surface of the support, and introducing the reagent in liquid form into the sealed chamber and through the specimen and film under pressure (either positive pressure or vacuum pressure). The composite film limits a rate of perfusion of the reagent, i.e. the flow rate through the composite film is lower than the flow rate through the tissue specimen. This flow limitation helps prevent uneven flow through the specimen caused by areas of reduced specimen density (such as artifactual separations), and avoids damaging the tissue with excessive flow rates. The specimen (having a thickness of less than about 20 μ) may be lyophilized at a temperature of -70 to -30°C, for example -70 to -40°C, more specifically -40CC, to produce a pore size of about 1 μ or less. This pore size is preferred because the pores are not readily visible when microscopic images are viewed at a magnification of 400X or less (e.g. 250-400X). The specimen is also lyophilized by freezing the specimen rapidly, for example at a rate of greater than 5°C, or 20°C, 50°C or 100°C per second to promote the formation of vertical microchannels. Subsequent sublimation of ice from the frozen specimen occurs at a pressure of about .001 mm Hg, and the temperature increases during the sublimation step from -40 °C (at which the specimen is held for about 1 minute) to a final temperature of +25°C over a period of 5 minutes. The final porosity of the specimen is at least 50% of the volume of the specimen. In more specific embodiments, the method includes adhering a thin tissue specimen to a dry nitrocellulose film mounted to a porous support having an optical transmittance that is at least 60% the transmittance of glass. The porous support may be microporous nylon (such as Nytran™) having pores with a diameter of about 0.1-0.45 μ. The tissue specimen is then lyophilized under conditions that maintain its cytocoherence and form vertical microchannels in the specimen, while retaining cytocoherence of the specimen. A liquid reagent (such as a monoclonal antibody for immunophenotyping) is then perfused under pressure through the tissue specimen and porous support to react the liquid reagent with the tissue specimen. The specimen is then washed to removeunreacted reactant, by perfusing a washing liquid under pressure through the tissue specimen and porous support. A secondary antibody may then be introduced (for example to perform an indirect assay), where the secondary antibody recognizes the primary antibody that has adhered to proteins of interest to provide a colorirnetric, fluorescent or radioactive signal. This step may be followed by a second washing step to remove excess secondary antibody from the specimen.| [0021] In disclosed embodiments, the tissue specimen is lyophilized under conditions that form a lyophilized tissue specimen having pores of a diameter of less than about 1 μ and a tissue porosity of less than about 50% , and the porous composite film support is less porous than the lyophilized tissue specimen so that a rate of flow of reagent through the tissue specimen is limited by a rate of flow of the reagent through the porous support. Lyophilization of the specimen also occurs in the presence of an effective amount of a normalizing agent to normalize a eutectic temperature of the specimen, where the specimen is frozen at a rate of at least 20 °C per second, and sublimation occurs for at least 1 minute at a temperature of -40 to -70°C. The liquid is perfused through the tissue specimen and porous composite film under a pressure of less than about 10 psi, and at a flow rate of less than about 2 ml/cm2/sec, by introducing the liquid into the chamber under pressure.| [0022] In even more specific embodiments, the method of preparing the tissue specimen for microscopic examination includes providing a thin tissue specimen having a thickness of less than about 20 μ, wherein the tissue specimen is impregnated with a sufficient concentration of an excipient to normalize a eutectic temperature of the tissue specimen to a desired temperature of about -40° C. Suitable excipients include an alcohol (such as t-butyl alcohol, or high molecular weight alcohols such as polyvinyl alcohol). A composite film support is also provided, which includes a nitrocellulose surface film having a thickness of about 5 μ, a pore size of 0.01-0.8 μ and a porosity of less than about 50% , adhered to a porous nylon base, wherein the nylon base has a pore size of about 0.2 μ, a thickness of about 100 μ, and a hght transmittance that is at least 60% of a light transmittance of glass. The nitrocellulose film is impregnated with a detergent that improves adherence of the tissue specimen to the nitrocellulose film, and the tissue specimen is placed on the nitrocellulose film in a dry condition so that the tissue specimen adheres with cytocoherence to the nitrocellulose film. The tissue specimen is lyophilized by placing the composite film on a freezing platen, which creates a vertical temperature gradient in the specimen, and freezing the specimen at a rate of at least 20°C. Solid ice is sublimed from the specimen, below the eutectic point, for at least one minute at a temperature of about -40CC, and at a pressure of about 1 x 10~3 mm Hg, to produce vertical microchannels in the tissue specimen.| [0023] A pressure chamber is then placed against the tissue specimen, to perfuse a liquid reagent containing a diagnostic antibody through the tissue specimen and composite support. The liquid reagent may be perfused at a positive or negative pressure of about 10 psi, and a flow rate of about 2 ml/cm2/min for no more than about 1 minute, wherein the flow rate is lower through the nitrocellulose than through the tissue specimen film. A washing liquid, and/or secondary antibodies,can subsequently be perfused through the tissue specimen and composite support. A magnified image of the tissue specimen at a magnification of about 250-400 is then examined through a microscope. In the case of a quantitative assay, such as a colorirnetric reaction, the amount of the antibody or other reagent that binds to the tissue can be quantitated, for example by measuring the color intensity of the specimen.| [0024] The invention also includes a composite support for microscopic examination of a tissue specimen, wherein the composite support includes a surface film that adheres thin tissue specimens in a cytocoherent manner, and a base to which the surface film is mounted. The surface film and base are sufficiently porous to allow a reactant liquid to be perfused through the surface film and base. In disclosed embodiments, the composite support further includes a thin tissue specimen lyophilized on the surface of the film. The surface film may be a nitrocellulose film that is about 5 μ thick, has a pore size of about 0.01-0.8 u and a porosity of less than about 50% , and the base has a pore size of about 0.2 μ, a thickness of about 100 μ, and a light transmittance that is at least 60% of a light transmittance of glass. The surface film or composite support may be impregnated with a detergent, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate, that improves adherence of the tissue specimen to the film. In particularly preferred embodiments, the base comprises a porous nylon material, such as Nytran™.| [0025] The invention also includes a system for microscopic examination of a thin tissue specimen, comprising a porous support to which the thin tissue specimen adheres in a cytocoherent fashion, and on which the thin tissue specimen can be lyophilized under conditions that form perfusion pores in the thin tissue specimen while retaining its cytocoherence. The system also includes a perfusion attachment capable of being secured to the porous support, and capable of perfusing a liquid through the thin tissue specimen and porous support under pressure without disrupting the cytocoherence of the tissue. The perfusion attachment may be a chamber with an annular seal for placement against the support.| [0026] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.| [0027] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS| [0028] FIG. 1 A is a top perspective view of a slide made in accordance with the present invention, with a porous composite film of the present invention incorporated into the slide, and with a tissue specimen on the composite film.| [0029] FIG. IB is a cross-sectional view of a composite film on a glass slide from which the composite film may be removed for perfusion.FIG. IC is a cross-sectional view of a composite film on a polycarbonate slide through which a perfusion hole has been cut, so that perfusion Uquid can be introduced from a perfusion tube through the composite film without removing the film from the slide.| [0030] FIG. 2 is a top view of the isolated composite film and tissue specimen, after the composite film is removed from the slide.| [0031] FIG. 3 is a cross-section scanning electron micrograph of the composite film of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of the microporous nylon support of the film shown in FIG. 1.| [0032] FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of the nitrocellulose surface of the composite support, showing the pores that occupy about 50% of the surface of the nitrocellulose.| [0033] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a perfusion apparatus for introducing immunohistochemical reagents through the tissue specimen.| [0034] FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the perfusion chamber of the apparatus shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a perfusion manifold for performing cytoperfusion.| [0035] FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of a lyophilization apparatus for lyophilizing tissue specimens in accordance with the present invention.| [0036] FIG. 10 is a graph showing increased washing efficiency with the perfusion technique of the present invention, as compared to diffusional washing.| [0037] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL EMBODIMENTS The cytoperfusion technique of the present invention allows the cytocoherent transfer of proteins and nucleic acids (as well as other solutes) from porous pathological specimens (such as thin section surgical specimens from plant or animal origins) to composite supports, by lyophilizing the tissue specimen on a nitrocellulose layer of the support under conditions that promote formation of pores and vertical microchannels. The porosity of the specimen permits a probe solution to be perfused through the specimen under pressure, while retaining microanatomic relationships within the specimen. The advantage of cytoperfusion is that it greatly reduces the time needed to obtain highly sensitive results with immunoassays. Microchanneling of the specimen increases access of reactants by exposing reaction sites and creating greater surface area within the specimen for reactions to occur.| [0038] In disclosed embodiments, a specimen that is approximately 10 microns thick is freeze dried in situ on a nitrocellulose/nylon composite film, in which the nitrocellulose component has pores that are 0.1 to 0.3 microns in diameter, and the pores of the nylon component are even larger. Lyophilization conditions (temperature -40 to -70°C, below the eutectic temperature, and rate of coohng at least about 1 °C per second) are selected such that pores of approximately 1 μ diameter are formed in the specimen, with an overall pore density of 30-50 percent. Uniformity of pore size canbe promoted by applying an excipient solution (such a t-butyl alcohol) that promotes formation of eutectics by normalizing the distribution of temperatures at which ice crystal formation occurs. During lyophilization, a temperature gradient is preferably created from the bottom to the top of the specimen, so that the specimen freezes from the bottom to the top. This directional freezing forms microchannels that allow perfusion of the probe reagents throughout the specimen in three dimensions. The size of the channels (directional pores) is sufficiently small not to compromise resolution of cellular microanatomy when the specimen is viewed under a light microscope at 250- 400X. Perfusion of the probe reagents is performed at a pressure of 5-10 psi with a flow rate of about 2-5 ml/min/cm2 through the tissue specimen. One embodiment of the composite support 20 of the present invention is shown in FIGS| [0039] 1A and IB, wherein the composite support is mounted on a glass or polycarbonate slide 21. A circle of microporous nylon membrane 19 (NYTRAN from Schleicher & Schuell) having a 22 mm diameter is placed on slide 21. Polyester tape mask 22 is prepared by cutting an 18 mm diameter cut-out using a punch. The mask 22 has an adhesive undersurface that is applied to the surface of slide 21 , with the cut-out in the mask 22 centered on the nylon membrane 19. A layer 26 of nitrocellulose polymer is then spun cast in a conventional fashion on to the surface of nylon membrane 19 and mask 22, so that the nitroceUulose overlaps the borders of mask 22 and occupies a circular area having a diameter that is about the same as the diameter of the nylon membrane 19. The Uquid nitroceUulose polymer from which the layer 26 is formed may, for example, be made by purchasing raw nitroceUulose materials from Hercules- Aqulon (Wilmington DE) 68.82 g RS 3/4sec, plus 68.82 g RS 18-25cps, dissolved into a mixture of 196.32 g n-butanol (purchased from Fisher Scientific, cat# A383-4) and 7.2 g isopropanol (Fisher Scientific cat#A16P-4), and 23.10 g lauryl sulfate solution (prepared by dissolving 6.46 g of lauryl sulfate (Sigma Ultragrade cat# L-6026) in de-ionized water and stirred gently to dissolve the lauryl sulfate without foaming). The nitrocellulose polymer solution can be stored at room temperature untU spin casting at 1000 rpm for 70 seconds. After spin casting, the composite film is cured at room temperature for 10 minutes, foUowed by baking at 60°C for one hour.| [0040] A perforation 24 is placed through layers 26, 22 and 19, and the perforation extends in the mask layer away from the composite film to form a pull-away tab 28 that can be puUed to remove the composite film from slide support 21. The composite film that is removed includes mask 22 and underlying nylon layer 19 to which mask 22 is adhered, as weU as nitroceUulose layer 30 which is supported by mask 22. After placing a tissue specimen 32 on the nitroceUulose layer 30, the composite membrane and tissue specimen are placed in a perfusion device, such as that shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. An alternative embodiment of the composite membrane is shown in FIG. IC, which is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. IB, so that Uke parts have been given Uke reference numerals. However in this embodiment the slide is made of polycarbonate, and a cylindrical hole23, about 13 mm in diameter, is provided through the slide 21. The hole 23 is fiUed with a porous fiUer (such as a porous glass plug), which provides a porous opening through which perfusion Uquid can be introduced, wlule still providing a thermal conductance similar to the surrounding sUde material 21. The nitroceUulose and Nytran layers are not separated from the slide 21 by puUing tab 28 away from sUde 21 to provide an isolated composite film 31 consisting of the Nytran layer 22 and nitroceUulose layer 30. The tissue specimen 32 can be perfused in situ on the sUde 21 because of the hole 23 through the slide. A perfusion tube 33 is shown in FIG. IC, which can seat on nitrocellulose layer 30 around specimen 32 to perfuse the specimen.| [0041] Perfusion Apparatus| [0042] A simplified perfusion chamber apparatus 50 for use with the composite film of FIG. IB is shown in FIG. 6, and an enlarged view of the perfusion chamber 52 of the apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 7. The chamber 52 is a Sweeny filter assembly having a funnel shaped base 54 with an externally threaded neck 56 that mates with an internally threaded cap 58. The composite film 31 , with its adhered specimen 32, is placed on a support screen 59 that seats on the neck 56, and the gasket (O-ring) 34 seats on the composite film 31 (around specimen 32) to further seal the chamber 52 when cap 58 is mated with the threaded neck 56.| [0043] Chamber 52 is connected to a sihcone rubber coupUng 60, which is in turn clamped (with clamp 62) to the bottom of a 5 ml graduated pipette 64. The top of pipette 64 is in turn attached to a sihcone rubber coupUng 66, which is clamped with clamp 68 to a gas connector 70. Nitrogen gas tubing 72 is connected to a source of pressurized gas (not shown), and the flow of gas can be regulated by a rotatable on/off valve 74. The apparatus 50 is mounted on a ring support stand 76 with ring stand clamps 78, 80 in the conventional fashion.| [0044] In use, a reagent liquid (such as a liquid containing a monoclonal antibody) is placed in pipette 64, and perfused through composite film 30 by introducing nitrogen gas (at about 10 psi) into tubing 72. The gas pressure forces reagent Uquid from the pipette 64, through composite film 30, and out of the filter assembly 52.| [0045] An alternative device for perfusing reagents through the lyophilized specimen and porous support is shown in FIG. 8, which is a modified filter manifold that can be obtained from MUUpore Corporation of Bedford, MA, USA. The cytoperfusion apparatus includes a cylindrical reservoir chamber base 102 having a central positioning/locking post 104 that extends above base 102 and terminates with an externally threaded end 106. A reagent funnel 108 tapers to an outlet 110, and has an annular flange 112 around its top, peripheral to a series of outlet orifices 114. A tissue disc platform 116 which seats on funnel 108 supports a removable rigid plastic disc 117 with peripheral cut-outs in which are mounted the composite films 31. A housing 118 with a series of cyUndrical reagent cups 120 seats on tissue disc platform 116 with the cups 120 ahgned with the composite films 31, and a disposable rotary reagent tray 122 with a series of complementary cyUndrical inserts 124that fit within cups 120. A reagent (such as lyophUized monoclonal antibody) is adhered to the inner cylindrical surface of inserts 124. A coyer 126 fits on chamber base 102 above tray 122, and is secured in place by lock nut 128. Tubing 130 communicates with the interior of apparatus 100 through cover 126. In use, support disc 118 is placed on platform 116 with lyophilized tissue specimens on one or more of the composite films 31. The cytoperfusion manifold is assembled by placing the funnel 108 in chamber base 102, with platform 116 seated on funnel 108. Housing 118 is seated on platform 116, with reagent cups 120 aligned over composite films 30, and the cyhndrical inserts 124 of the tray 122 are inserted into the complementary cups 120. Cover 126 is secured in position with lock nut 128, and pressurized Uquid is introduced into apparatus 100 through tubing 130. The liquid solubilizes the lyophUized reagent in inserts 124, and perfuses the reagents through the tissue specimens on composite films 31. The perfusion Uquid is collected by funnel 108, and coUected in chamber 102.| [0046] The invention also includes an apparatus 130 (FIG. 9) for freezing a tissue specimen below its eutectic temperature, and providing a vertical temperature gradient that gives directionaUty to the pores (vertical microchanneling). Apparatus 130 includes a lyoplulization chamber 132, a clear plastic cover 134, a heat sink chamber 136 below chamber 132, a series of cooUng fins 133 extending inparaUel rows through heat sink chamber 136 to circulate cool air, a cooling chamber 138, below heat sink chamber 136, into which liquid nitrogen is introduced, and a solid base plate 140. Six identical platens 142 are arranged in two rows within enclosure 132, and each platen has a cross-shaped recess 144 in its surface. The long arm 144a of the cross accepts an elongated slide, whUe the short arm 144b permits the slide to be picked up from the recess.| [0047] A Uquid nitrogen inlet 150 into cooUng chamber 138 communicates with a liquid nitrogen line 152, and the flow of liquid nitrogen into cooling chamber 138 is controlled by valves 154, 156. A vacuum manifold 158 communicates with lyophilization chamber 132, and leads to vacuum valve 159 and a vacuum condenser line 160, to establish a vacuum in the lyophUization chamber 132. Vacuum vent Unes 162 (controlled by vent valve 164) communicate with lyophilization chamber 132 to open chamber 132 to atmospheric pressure once lyophUization has been completed.| [0048] In operation, liquid nitrogen is introduced into cooUng chamber 138 through inlet 150 to precool platens 142 to -40° to -70°C. A composite film sUde (like the sUde 20 in FIG. IB), with a tissue specimen 32 on the composite film, is then placed in each of the recesses 144a on the surface of platen 142. Cover 134 is secured in place to seal lyophilization chamber 132, and the interior of lyophUization chamber 132 is evacuated to a pressure of approximately 100 miUitorr. After one minute of lyophilization at this temperature and pressure, the temperature of the lyophUization chamber is increased over 5 minutes to +25°C. The vacuum in lyophUization chamber 132 is then vented to atmosphere through vent 164, and the chamber 132 can be opened to remove the sUde which contains the now lyophUized specimen.Perfusion of immunocytochemical reagents through a lyophUized tissue specimen prepared in accordance with the present invention overcomes problems of poor probe binding rates (signal intensity) and non-specific probe turnover rates (noise intensity). Analyte (such as a tissue bound receptor of interest) is immobiUzed in the tissue by adherence to the nitrocellulose surface, hence the probe can more easily interact with the analyte in the lyophilized tissue than in solution. The use of the specialized microporous films of the present invention, instead of nonporous glass microscope slides as specimen supports, overcomes the problem of diffusional loss of analytes by providing a relatively permeable soUd phase reaction matrix to bind soluble analytes. The nitrocellulose specimen support permits vertical (capUlary) transfer of soluble analytes from the specimen to the underlying film, to achieve cytocoherent transfer. Cytocoherent transfer controls diffusional loss by immobilizing analyte on a high-capacity binding matrix, which circumvents the counterproductive and antagonistic practices of "masking" analyte by over fixing the specimen and then "unmasking" the analyte by hydrolytic or other means. The binding matrix stiU presents analyte in solid phase, where reactions based on coUision probabiUties proceed more rapidly than in solution, but the regularity of the matrix and its porosity creates a reaction environment in which analyte in solid phase is uniformly more accessible to perfused probe reactants.| [0049] The present invention particularly increases precision and sensitivity of immunoassays where lyophUization occurs under conditions that promote eutectic freezing and sublimation of crystaUine ice, and where pore size is controUed within certain ranges. The maximum preferred pore size corresponds with the resolving power of microscope objectives used. When the maximum magnification used is 400X, a pore size of approximately 1 μ or less is preferred. Treating tissue as a filter, and calculating permeabUity constants for Nucleopore standards from filtration rates and the Darcy equation, it can be estimated that a flow rate of 2-5 ml/min/cm2 can be achieved through 10 μ thick tissue with average pore diameter of \μ at a relatively low pressure of 5-10 psi, at an average pore density of only 30-50% (% tissue volume occupied by through- channels).| [0050] The flow rate projected from the Darcy equation for composite film supports (nitrocellulose and microporous nylon) was 0.5-2ml/min cm2. Perfusion rates of reagents through isolated discontinuous biological specimens (e.g. dispersed cells or coherent tissue with cracks or holes) in the specimen plane, preferably exceed or are equal to the rate of flow through the film support. The composite films of the present invention achieve these differential flow rates, by casting nitrocellulose films that have smaller pores, or less porosity, than the lyophUized tissue specimen. The present examples use specimens that are at least 6 μ thick, which achieve this flow limitation. The porosity of the lyophilized tissue specimen can also be altered to affect the rate of perfusion. Porosity of the specimen can be varied by manipulating the (re)-freezing temperature during lyophilization. Generally, lower temperatures (-40 to -70°C) provide smaUer pores in the lyophUized specimen than higher refreezing temperatures (such as -30 °C).EXAMPLE 1 Preparing Composite Films| [0051] To make composite films, a rectangular (20mmX20mm) sheet of nylon depth filter material ("0.2um" pore size Nytran, lot 16/9, Schleicher & SchueU, Keene, NH) was affixed to a polyester liner (M57) with a clean-release adhesive (Furon, Inc. , New Haven, CT), as described in connection with FIG. IB above. A nitroceUulose cytocoherent transfer film was then polymer cast onto the masked filter. The composite film was soaked in a detergent solution (SDS or SLS) which was dried in the material at 50 °C before use. FoUowing lyophilization, the composite films were peeled from supports and trimmed by means of a swivel-blade X-acto knife, leaving a 1.5 mm mask margin around the Film for handUng and support.| [0052] EXAMPLE 2 Preparing Tissue Specimens| [0053] Breast cancers were obtained from the Anatomic Pathology laboratory, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan. Tumor fragments were quench frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 CC in evacuated air-tight bags. Frozen tissue was sectioned using a Reichert-Jung cryostat at - 20° C, and thaw-mounted directly onto the dry composite films, wliile the composite films were still affixed to microscope sUdes. Section thickness was 6 μ.| [0054] Freshly thawed (wet) cryostat specimens on composite films (and glass or polyester slides) were re-frozen on a pre-chiUed aluminum block. Freezing continued for 5 minutes, although the specimens were visibly frozen within 1 minute. Frozen specimens (on blocks) were transferred to a thermal shelf of a Lyph-Lok 6L tray dryer (Labconco, Kansas City, Mo) with a shelf and atmosphere temperature of -40°C. Drying was at -40°C for 30 minutes at a final vacuum of 10"3 mm Hg (condenser temperature was -60 °C). Alternatively, lyophiUzation could occur in the lyophilizer 130 described in association with FIG. 9 above.| [0055] EXAMPLE 3 Immunocytochemistry Techniques An indirect assay, employing primary antibody and either biotinylated secondary (horse anti-mouse IgG) antibody/ ABC-AP, or secondary (goat anti-mouse) antibody-AP, and BCIP/NBT- based color detection, was routinely used. Conjugated secondary antibodies and color development reagents were aU obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA). Two primary antibodies were used: One mouse monoclonal against Her-2/neu (mAb-1, Corning Diagnostics, Alameda, CA) and a polyclonal rabbit antibody to EGFR (Ab-4; Oncogene Science, Manhasset, NY). Breast tumors were screened to provide specimens reactive with mAb-1, but not Ab-4 which then served as an antibody specificity control. Antibodies were diluted in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4, containing 5mM MgCl2) and 0.1 % Tween 20 (TPBS). Non-specific antibody binding was blockedby pre-incubating specimens in TPBS containing either 5 % normal goat serum or 1 % BS A (Fraction V, Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Nuclear Fast Red (0.1 %) was used to counterstain specimens (13).| [0056] To demonstrate the superiority of the perfusion technique, immunoassay s were performed bo by perfusion and with less efficient surface exposure techniques. The perfusion based assay was performed with a vertical volumetric column as shown in FIG. 6, which was constructed from a 1 (or 5) ml plastic pipette 64 connected to a source of dry nitrogen gas with pressure regulated in the range of 1-20 psi. Composite films 30 were inserted into the column at the base, using a Sweeny Filter Holder 52 (Gelman Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI) with a 13mm diameter filter area. The total Film area exposed was 0.81 cm2. A mask of soft (40 durometer) sUicone rubber with a 0.09 cm2 hole was placed over the composite film to filter smaller specimen areas. Before use, fluids were pre-filtered through 0.05 μ pore size Nucleopore filters (Corning-Costar, Cambridge, MA). How rate through films was determined at 20°C and monitored volumetricaUy using a stopwatch.| [0057] Comparison assays that did not use perfusion used lyophUized specimens on composite film or glass sUdes, that were washed 3-4 times during the immunoassay: after primary antibody, after secondary antibody-AP (or antibody-biotin, with another wash after ABC-AP) and after substrate incubation. Each time, specimens were washed for 15 min on a rotary shaker at room temperature in staining dishes with three 250 ml changes of TPBS (5 mm/change).| [0058] Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for morphological examination. Isopropanol was substituted for ethanol in preparation of eosin. To prepare specimens for tight microscopy, stained specimens were dehydrated in an isopropyl alcohol series (30-100%) and composite films were cleared to transparency by filting pores with xylene (13), which has a refractive index similar to the composite film. Specimens on composite films were permanendy mounted on microscope sUdes in Accumount (Baxter SP, McGaw Park, II). Specimens were viewed using a Reichert Microstar IV light microscope, employing 25X and 40X plan acromatic objectives (NA=0.5 and 0.7, respectively). The resolving power of the microscope was approximately 1 μ, based on the relationship between numerical apertures of the condenser and objective, and the wavelength of visible tight (22).| [0059] The following specific examples iUustrate use of the perfusion method of the present invention.| [0060] EXAMPLE 4 Perfusion Example In accordance with the techniques described in this specification, a fresh piece of unfixed tonsti tissue, obtained as a surgical specimen, is snap frozen by submerging it in Uquid nitrogen. The frozen tissue specimen is mounted on a Cryostat chuck using tissue mounting medium, and cut into a thin frozen section that is 2-10 μ thick. The thin section is thaw mounted on the nitroceUulose surface of a composite film (with a glass or polyester base), using the same technique used to apply afrozen section to a glass microscope slide. The specimen is immediately re-frozen by placing the composite film on a platen surface of the lyophilization device (FIG. 9), in which the platens have been precooled to -40° C. The lid of the lyophUization chamber is then closed, with the lid gasket pressed tightly against the opening to form a good seal. After aUowing at least 30 seconds for the specimen to re-freeze, a vacuum is established in the lyophilization chamber. The amount of vacuum may vary depending on the specimen thickness and water content, but efficient lyophilization is usually achieved in a short cycle time at 100 mUUtorr pressure in the chamber.| [0061] Lyophilization proceeds at -40°C for one minute. WhUe maintaining a continuous vacuum in the chamber, the temperature of the platens is increased to +25°C over a period of 5 minutes (although the time and temperature can be varied for different specimens). At the end of this period, vacuum is maintained for 1 minute at +25°C, then the vacuum is broken. The Ud of the lyophilizer is opened, and the dried samples removed. Samples are then prepared for perfusion by separating the composite film (nitrocellulose and Nytran) from the glass or polyester support by peeting or cutting, and trimming the composite film (with adhered tissue specimen) to a diameter of 13 mm.| [0062] Each trimmed sample is placed into the Sweeny filter assembly (FIG. 6) which holds a 13 mm diameter filter, such that the specimen affixed surface is positioned away from the Sweeny filter support screen. The threaded cap is used to close the assembly, and three ml of blocking solution (10% horse serum from Vector Labs, cat# S-1000) diluted in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.5) containing 0.3% Tween-20 (TPBS) which has been pre-filtered through a 0.2 μ ceUulose acetate filter is placed into a 5 ml graduated pipette. The pipette is supported in a vertical orientation by a ring stand to which the pipette is clamped.| [0063] The top of the pipette is attached to a pressurized tank of nitrogen gas through a connector with an on/off valve and an adjustable pressure gauge set to 10 psi. The lower tip of the pipette is fitted with a piece of flexible tubing with a 1/8 inch inner diameter, and the threaded portion of the Sweeny filter assembly is connected to the pipette by inserting the threaded exterior portion of the cap into the sUicone tubing. Reagent flow through the specimen is started by opening the pressure valve at the top of the reagent pipette, and 2 ml of blocking solution is delivered through the specimen at 10 psi. A typical specimen wUl allow reagent to perfuse through the specimen at a rate of 2 ml/min at 10 psi. The surface of the specimen is constantly bathed in reagent solution and not aUowed to dry.| [0064] After delivery of 2 ml of blocking solution, reagent flow is stopped by turning off nitrogen gas flow. The pipette is temporarily disconnected from the Sweeny filter and filled with 0.5 ml of dUuted primary antibody reagent solution, such as anti-PCNA mouse antibody (Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA. , Cat#NCL-PCNA). Dilution of primary antibody is made in TPBS containing 1.0% normal horse serum (Vector Labs, Cat# S-2000). After re-connecting the Sweeny filter to the pipette, reagent flow is started again. After delivery of the 0.5 ml of reagent into theSweeny filter, gas pressure is interrupted and the specimen is aUowed to soak in primary antibody reagent for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes.of primary incubation, the pipette is refilled with 2 ml of wash buffer (TPBS without serum), and delivered through the specimen as above.| [0065] Secondary antibody is then delivered in the same fashion as above. In this Example, the secondary antibody is Biotin labeled anti-mouse antibody (from Vector Labs # BA2000) dUuted 1:2000 in pre-filtered TPBS containing 1 % horse serum. The serum is then washed as already described, this time to remove the secondary antibody. Fluorescent cetection is performed using fluorescein anti-biotin reagent (Vector Labs # SP3040) prepared in TPBS and using the same 5 minute incubation described above. The specimen is then perfusion washed with de-ionized water to stop the incubation. The specimen is removed from the Sweeny filter assembly and mounted with aqueous mounting medium suitable for use in fluorescence microscopy (Vector Labs VectaShield reagent # H-100), a cover sUp is placed over the specimen, and it is viewed microscopicaUy, using the same wavelength and filters conventionaUy used for fluorescent imaging. 0.5 ml of alkaUne phosphatase labeled anti-mouse antibody (Vector Labs, Cat#AP-2000) diluted 1:2000 in pre-filtered TPBS containing 1.0% horse serum.| [0066] Alternatively, cplorimetric detection may be preformed using alkaUne phosphatase substrate incubation (with Vector Labs AlkaUne Phosphatase Substrate Kit, Cat#SK5200 prepared in 0.1M TRIS solution, at pH 9.5, as instructed by the manufacturer), and using the same 5 minute incubation as described for the primary antibody. Washing solution (deionized water) may be perfused through the specimen in the Sweeny filter to stop color development.| [0067] The specimen, after being removed from the Sweeny filter assembly, may be rendered optically clear by dipping the composite film in xylene several times. The sample may be prepared for microscopic viewing by placing a drop of mounting medium such as Accumount (Baxter Scientific) on to a glass microscope slide. The composite filter is placed on top of the drop of medium, with the tissue specimen face up, and 2-3 drops more of medium are applied on the specimen surface and overlaid with a glass cover sUp. The finished specimen may be viewed microscopicaUy for the presence of brown color stain in the nucleus, which mdicates the presence of PCNA protein.| [0068] EXAMPLE 5 Alternative Perfusion Technique| [0069] A block of formaUn fixed paraffin embedded with human tonsU is mounted on a microtome chuck, and 4 μ thick sections of tissue are made. The tissue specimens are floated on the surface of a water bath, and each thin section is placed on a separate composite film. The tissue specimen is affixed to the nitrocellulose surface of the composite film by microwave heating for 1 minute, or baking at 60°C for one hour. The tissue is de-paraffinized by mcubation in xylene, and descending concentrations of isopropyl alcohols, using the foUowing sequence: xylene, xylene, xylene, followed by sequential isopropyl alcohol treatments for 3 minutes at each of the foUowingconcentrations: 100%, 100%, 100% , 95%, 90%, 80% , 70%, and then water. The distribution of water in the specimen is normaUzed by. soaking the specimen for one minute in a 75 % tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) excipient. A disclosed embodiment of the excipient is 75 % TBA, 5 % sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), 1 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 1 % polyethylene glycol (PEG), 10% gelatin, and 1 % Tween-20.| [0070] The composite films (with the attached tissue specimens) are removed from the normalizing solution and excess solution is drained on to paper towels. The specimen is frozen by placing the composite film on the platen of the lyophilization device (FIG. 9), in which the platen surface temperature has been pre-cooled to -45 °C (the condenser surface is cooled to below - 60°C). Composite films with attached tissue specimens are inserted on different platens until aU the avaUable freezing platens are occupied. The lid is closed, and a gasket pressed tightly against the opening to form a good seal when vacuum is applied. After aUowing at least 1 minute for the last specimen to freeze, a vacuum of 100 milUtorr is appUed in the lyophilization chamber. The tonsU specimens are lyophUized at -45 °C for 3 minutes. Then whUe maintainmg a continuous vacuum of 100 mUUtorr in the lyophilization chamber, the temperature of the sample platens is increased to| [0071] +25°C over a period of 10 minutes. After reaching this temperature the vacuum is maintained for 1 minute before venting the chamber to atmosphere, opening the lid, and removing the sample.| [0072] Samples are prepared for perfusion of reagents by peeting or cutting the composite film (nitroceUulose and Nytran) from the support, and trimming to 13 mm. The composite films are placed in the Sweeny filter and perfused as described in Example 4 with the blocking solution, primary antibody, washing solution, secondary antibody, washing solution, and colorirnetric reagent. Dehydration and preparation for microscopic viewing are performed as in Example 4.| [0073] Fluorescent antibody detection can be performed by deUvering antibody as described above, but where the antibody is Biotin Labeled Anti-mouse antibody (Vector Labs #BA2000) dUuted 1:200 in pre-filtered TPBS containing 1 % horse serum. The specimen is then washed as already described, this time to remove the secondary antibody. Fluorescent detection is performed using fluorescein-anti-biotin reagent (Vector Labs # SP3040) prepared In TPBS and using the same 5 minute incubation as described. Specimen is then perfusion washed with de-ionized water to stop incubation. The specimen is removed from the Sweeny filter assembly and mounted with aqueous mounting medium suitable for use in fluorescence microscopy (Vector Labs, VectaShield reagent # H-1000), cover-sUpped and viewed microscopicaUy at the same length and filters conventionally used for fluorescent imaging.| [0074] EXAMPLE 6 Properties of Composite Films| [0075] FIGS. 2-5 iUustrate key physical properties of the composite film 31, which are also summarized in Table 1. FIG. 2 shows a composite film with a lyophilized cryostat breast cancerspecimen shown after a Her-2/neu immunoassay. FIG. 3 is a cross-section scanning electron micrograph of the composite film with the tissue specimen affixed to the nitroceUulose surface. NitroceUulose(NC)/Nytran(NY) composites were 185 μ thick, with the exposed nitroceUulose surface layer comprising approximately 5 μ. The nitrocellulose polymer penetrated the superficial nylon latticework (FIG. 4) to a depth of about 5 μ to form an intimate connection between the two materials, with no air pockets or other discontinuities visible at 3000-10,000 X. The nitrocellulose surface of the composite formed a smooth contact plane for biological specimens, as shown by the intimate contact between tissue specimen (T) and film in FIG. 3.| [0076] FIGS. 4 and 5 contrast the surface of a Nytran™ filter and a composite film having a nitroceUulose surface. The Nytran surface (FIG. 4) comprises an "open meshwork" structure without discrete pores, whUe the working nitroceUulose surface (FIG. 5) of the composite film is planar with discrete round pores comprising approximately 50% of surface area (3.6 X 108 pores/cm2). The range in pore size on the surface of the nitroceUulose films was 0.01-0.8 μ. Approximately 91 % of pores were 0.2-0.4 μ in diameter (Table 1); 10% were 0.4-0.8 μ, and 10% were <Q.2 μ.| [0077] Table 1 Pore Structure and Permeability of Composite Films.| [0078] Surface Pore Surface Porosityb Thickness Flow Ratec PermeabUityd Film Diameter6 (μ) (pores/cm2) (μ) (ml/min/cm2) KH W10 )| [0079] Film 0.2 - 0.4 3.5 lO8 ± O. l x lO8 185 ± 3 2.03 + 0.21 10 (0.27)e composite| [0080] Nucleopore 0.2 3 x 108 + 0.03 x 108 10 + 0.1 17 + 0.9 4 standard| [0081] Nucleopore 0.4 1 x 108 ± 0.01 x 108 10 ± 0.1 62 ± 3.3 15 standard| [0082] Nytran8 "open weave Nf 180 + 3 24 ± 0.6 105 (0.2 μ)| [0083] * The surface porosity of Nytran (0.2 μ pore size) is not relevant (NR) because of the "open weave" structure of the surface. b Surface porosity and pore diameter were measured directly from scanning electron micrographs. c Flow rate of pre-filtered distilled deionized water was measured at four 0.09 cm2 sites in five| [0084] Films from separate lots. d A permeability constant (K in cm2) was determined from the Darcy equation K= q x u x Lwhere q = flow rate (cm3 / sec), u= viscosity, taken as 1.0 (dyne sec / cm2 ), L= thickness (cm),| [0085] ΔP = pressure (dynes / cm2), A = surface area (cm2). e Permeability calculated as a single uniform resistance (10cm2) and as R^,,- RNvtran (0.27 cm2)| [0086] Table 1 also shows the permeabUity of laminate composite films to water under positive pressure. At 10 psi, the rate of water flow through laminate films was approximately 2 ml/min cm2,an average of 19 times slower than through Nucleopore films of the same surface porosity, with etched pores of the same diameter (0.2 μ-0.4 μ). The rate of water flow through composite films was approximately 10 times slower tiiaή through the nylon support filter alone (Table 1), suggesting that the nitrocellulose thin film component of the composite determined permeabUity of the composite.| [0087] PermeabiUty of composite films was within the range estabUshed for Nucleopore standards of the same pore size and porosity (Table 1). However, since the 10 μ thick nitrocellulose component of the 185 μ thick composite film actuaUy determined flow rate through the entire composite, we could calculate from the Darcy equation, which relates thickness to flow rate and permeabUity, that the cast nitrocellulose film was actually 15 to 55 times less permeable (more tortuous) than the etched Nucleopore films of the same thickness with regular cyUndrical pores.| [0088] EXAMPLE 7 Formation Of Pores In Specimen By LyophUization Lyophilization created pores in cryostat tissue specimens which were readily visible at the tissue surface in scanning electron micrographs. Table 2 shows representative effects of lyophUization on the size and density of pores at the surface of tissue sections. Data obtained from studies of three breast tumor specimens are summarized in Table 2. Both freezing and vacuum drying were necessary for pore formation, suggesting that pores were formed by sublimation of crystalline ice. Requirement for ice crystals in pore formation was also demonstrated by the absence of pores in vitrified (in 30% sucrose) specimens (data not shown).| [0089] The porosity of tissue was sensitive to the temperature at which thaw-mounted cryostat specimens were re-frozen for lyophUization. Mean pore diameter increased about 4 times, from an average of 0.392 μ to an average of 1.6 μ, as freezing temperature was raised from -70°C to -30°C, suggesting that pore size was a function of the re-freezing rate of ice in the specimen which determined the size of ice crystals.| [0090] The percent of tissue surface which comprised pores (porosity) also increased with pore size and re-freezing temperature, from a minimum of 30% at -70° C to a maximum of 65% at - 30°C. The distribution of pores was relatively homogeneous within specimens re-frozen at -30°C and -40°C, whereas at -70°C, there were areas of specimen with no visible pores. Specimens re- frozen at -20°C were relatively poreless, with clusters of a few large vacuole-Uke pores, and appeared more "congealed," suggesting that the tissue may have collapsed due to formation of excessively large pores and involvement of too much of the tissue matrix.| [0091] The variation in pore size and surface porosity was greatest at a refreezing temperature of -30°C (Table 2), which approximates the eutectic freezing temperature of tissue. Surface involvement was more homogeneous in specimens refrozen at -40°C, where pore density at the porous tissue surface was determined to be 0.6 X 108 (Table 2), approximately 5-fold lower than the surface porosity of composite films.Table 2 Effect of re-freezing temperature of lyophilization on tissue porosity and Her-2 signal precision.| [0092] Refreezing Pore Tissue Porosity Her-2 Signal| [0093] Temperature ( 0O Diameter (μ) % (pores / cm) Precision"| [0094] NP (vacuum dry) - 0 + +| [0095] -70 0.392 ± 0.163 30 - 40 + + + +| [0096] -40 0.980 + 0.308 43 - 50 + + + +| [0097] (0.6 x iQt 0.1 x lO"8 )| [0098] - 40 (air dry) - 0 +| [0099] - 30 1.6 + 0.899 55 - 65 + + +| [0100] - 20 0.221 + 0.131 5 - 10 + +| [0101] 1 NF = tissue not refrozen Tissue pore diameter and porosity were measured from scanning electron micrographs. Mean and S.D. in pore diameter are given for three separate tumors (2 specimens/tumor). Porosity is expressed as a range in % of specimen surface involved and where statistically meaningful (p<0.05), pore density for the same specimens. c Precision of color signal at carcinoma ceU membranes is expressed in a scale of 1 + to 4+ , where 1 + is 10% of cells and 4+ is 90% of cells with coherent membrane signal (2+ = > 10% < 50% , 3+ = > 50% < 90%). Determinations are from five, 250X microscope fields in paired sections from 3 breast cancers.| [0102] EXAMPLE 8 Effect Of Pores on Cell Morphology and Her-2/neu signal precision at cell membranes| [0103] Pores formed by lyophitization at freezing temperatures of -70°C and -40°C were not readily visible in specimens observed at 400 X after chemical fixation and staining. Furthermore, neither the presence of pores in the range of 1 μ (diameter) or less, nor the process of forming those pores, created anatomical artifacts that impaired cytology. Major cell types could readily be differentiated, including glandular epitheUal, myoepithehal, endotheUal and lymphoid in lyophUized breast cancer tissue re-frozen at -70°C and -40°C. Major breast cancer growth patterns could also be differentiated, including papUlary, cribiform and comedo. Mitotic figures were readUy discernable in lyophUized specimens re-frozen at -70 °C and -40° C. At higher freezing temperatures (-30°C and -20°C), vacuoles were readily visible in fixed and stained specimens examined at 250 X. Cell matrices and mitotic figures were indistinct at these freezing temperatures. Spaces between cells were observed in specimens whether frozen or not. These spaces were artifacts related to the stretching of film during dehydration and not to the formation of pores.| [0104] The formation of pores in the specimen of 1 μ diameter or less did not reduce precision of Her-2 signal at cell membranes (Table 2). Signal was actually more precise in porous lyophiUzed specimens which had been re-frozen at -70 °C and -40 °C than in non-porous specimens which hadbeen vacuum dried rather than lyophilized. Signal precision was reduced in lyophUized specimens which had been frozen at -30 °C and -20° C, heavUy vacuolated specimens which were morphologically indistinct. The virtual loss of Her-2 signal at carcinoma ceU membranes in specimens which had been frozen at -40 °C and air dried (Table 2), was presumably the result of antigen diffusion within the porous film matrix because specimens were not fixed before Her-2 assay.| [0105] Flow rate through tissue was directly related to it's porosity; air-dried tissue with no pores was essentiaUy impermeable to TPBS at 10 psi, and flow-rate through lyophUized tissue pre- frozen at -70°C was 0.6 ml/min/cm2. Assay sensitivity was not affected by filtration, which indicates that the velocity of per fusion-based washing did not create sufficient shear force to displace specificaUy bound antibody. Likewise, filtration at 10 psi pressure did not affect the precision of Her-2 signal at cell membranes or ceU morphology in tissue that was also examined at 400 X.| [0106] EXAMPLE 9| [0107] Perfusion Based Washing More Efficient| [0108] The time required to remove non-specificaUy bound primary antibody from tissue to background levels (washing efficiency) was reduced by a factor of 15 using perfusion washing of porous lyophUized specimens compared to conventional diffusion-based washing of non-porous specimens (FIG. 10). One minute perfusing lyophilized tissue with TPBS at 10 psi was required to reduce non-specific antibody content to background levels. By one minute of diffusion-based washing, backgrounds were reduced erratically in specimens by an average of only 40 % . At one minute of perfusion-based washing, only 1.9 ml TPBS was used, in contrast to 250 ml used for diffusion washing. Finding that non-specific (EGFR) antibody content of lyophilized tissue was reduced to a consistent background at multiple sites in perfused specimens suggested that the entire porous matrix of the specimen was permeable to TPBS under the conditions of filtration shown. The filtration loading capacity of specimens on composite films was established using purified BSA pre-filtered through 0.2 μ pore size Nucleopore filters. At 10 psi, the flow rate through a specimen on composite film was reduced by 20% after passage of 15 ml BSA (10 mg/ml in TPBS). Flow rate was reduced by 40% after filtering 22 ml. The highly efficient washing of nonspecific antibody from tissue was Ukely related to the abUity of the perfusion process to perfuse in excess of 10* tissue void volumes of buffer in less than one minute. Performing all washes for a single Her-2 assay in perfusion format would reduce assay time by about 45 minutes and save nearly 750 ml of buffer. Magnifications for marker analysis in situ are typicaUy 250-400 X. Spatial resolution at these magnifications is in the 1 μ range, which was also the range in pore diameter that allowed the most efficient perfusion of immunocytochemical reagents through the specimen. Thus at 250 X magnification, pore sizes less than 1 μ were not Ukely visible, and did not change contrast artifacts associated with resolution of ceUular structures in stained specimens. Ice crystal and resultant poresize is inversely related to the rate at which ice re-freezes, hence lower temperatures provide larger diameter pores whUe higher temperatures provide smaller pores. Surface pore diameter and internal pore diameter were virtually identical at a given freezing temperature. At a re-freezing temperature of -40 °C, pore diameter was nearly 1 u, and variation in pore size was only 31 % in multiple areas of three different breast tumors. The internal porosity of these specimens was vertically directional, giving the appearance of vertical "microchannels".| [0109] Although the above examples were performed with a coherent piece of soUd tissue, which provided a stable fabric to lyophilize, sufficiently large pores can be introduced into dispersed cells for perfusion, whtie still maintaining morphological integrity. These large pores aUow the specimen to be made sufficiendy permeable so that the composite film and not the specimen is rate limiting for reagent flowthrough.| [0110] The use of detergent-impregnated Film can contribute to the stabUity of microchannelled tissue. On glass microscope slides, crystalhne (microchanneUed) specimens have increased fragUity. The detergent (such as SDS or SLS) can "weld" the specimen to a mtroceUulose film surface with an exceptionally high surface area for attachment.| [0111] The perfusion technology of the present invention can substantiaUy increase the efficiency of cytochemical assays. A typical colorirnetric immunoassay comprises 8 basic steps involving 4-5 hours (retrieval 15-30 minutes; blocking, 30-60 minutes; primary antibody, 60-90 minutes; wash, 15 minutes; secondary antibody/linker/enzyme, 30-60 minutes; wash 15 minutes; substrate, 30 minutes; wash, 15 minutes). In situ hybridization typically comprises even more steps and longer incubations. However, by percolating reactants into porous tissue under pressure, we anticipate blocking and probe incubations will be completed within one minute. This savings in time wiU be matched by savings in reagent cost, because much smaller volumes of reagents need to be used in the more efficient perfusion assays. Perfusion assays can be performed with microliter volumes of expensive reagents, instead of the liters of reagents that are used in the prior art.| [0112] EXAMPLE 10 Fabrication of Composite Films The composite films 31 (FIG. 1) are manufactured by a process of placing a clean-release adhesive liner over a depth (or other) filter to expose a circular filter area, using the lmer to mask the filter and adhere it to a glass microscope sUde. Affixing the composite film to a microscope slide facUitates tissue mounting and heat transfer during freezing and drying, and the film can be easily removed from the slide for filtering. Composite films are polymer cast onto the exposed filter area. After a quench process to form pores, a detergent was added and dried on the Film.| [0113] The nitrocellulose films can be cast on a variety of microporous support materials, which are shown in Table 3. Nytran was preferred because it has a 0.2 μ pore size (pore size in these depth filters is a measure of particle exclusion limit rather than surface or internal pore size), an exceptionally smooth surface, tough pUabUity, absence of a fibrous core, and chemical properties that promoted nitroceUulose bonding without dissolving in the acetone solvent or pore formers. The0.2 μ pore size was selected over 0.45 μ, because that smaUer pore size provides an optimally smooth surface for polymer casting, whUe sttil preserving adequate flow characteristics.| [0114] Table 3 SUPPORT COMPOSITE| [0115] Material Mfg. Pore Thicknes Flexible Chemical Linear Light Focal Cytol| [0116] Size s (um) Strengt "Melt"4 Distort. Transm6 Uniform Resol (um) rts cellulose S & S1 0.452 160 4- + 19.7 99.7 NT NT nitrate cellulose S & S 0.45 160 4.5 87 NT NT acetate| [0117] Durapore Millipore 0.2 180 + + + NT NT| [0118] (PVDF) +| [0119] Supor Gelman 0.2 120 + + + 0.4 NT NT| [0120] (polysulfone| [0121] Nuclepore Corning/ 0.2 10 + + + buckled 27.0 NT NT| [0122] (PC) Costar| [0123] Nytran S & S 0.2 180 + + + 10 71 100 100 +| [0124] Max s & s 0.2 180 + + + 10 68 100 100| [0125] Strength +| [0126] Nytran| [0127] Glass Whatman 250 + + + 55 44 NT Microfibre| [0128] 1 Schleicher & Schuell| [0129] Minimum particle size excluded as per mfg. Actual pore size is much (at least 10X) greater, There are no defined pores on the surface of 0.2 or 0.45 filters. a relative measure of ease with which composites could be broken or pulled apart by hand, (+ + + +) = very difficult, ( - ) = support fell apart during routine handling. micromelting of support during Oncyte Film casting process prevented uniform gas bubble formation under pressure| [0130] Measured at 50X using an eyepiece micrometer, before and after soaking laminates in 100% isopropanol (IPA),| [0131] % = % linear swelling of composite in IPA| [0132] % light transmitted through xylene-soaked composite at 530nm (relative to glass slide = 100%)| [0133] % of 30 microscope fields (250X) selected at random in which all nuclei of cells in a 2um thin section of hematoxylin-stained tissue affixed to the surface of laminates remained in the same focal plane.| [0134] Ability to resolve secretory ep. and myoep. cells and mitotic figures in 6um sections of hematoxylin-stained tissue affixed to the Oncyte surface of composites (% concordance in paired sections between test surface and glass slides).| [0135] The Nytran that is chosen preferably has light transmittance of at least 60% of glass (i.e. the percent of visible and UV tight that is transmitted though the Nytran should be at least 60% of the same light that would be transmitted through glass of the same thickness). Maximum Strength Nytran (also without internal fiber support), can be equivalent to the Nytran in aU properties shown in Table 3 (including light transmittance). Neither product autofluoresced in ultraviolet light. However, the refractive indices of nylon and nitroceUulose should ideally be identical. Another potential support material is nylon stretched 10% of its length in isopropanol, but this support allows the nitroceUulose film to stretch, which can cause break artifacts in the specimen matrix.| [0136] Other potential porous support materials include porous glass coverslips (0.5 pore size from Corning/Kamperman); etched ceramic filters (0.2 μ pore size from Whatman, Anopore); and regenerated cellulose (0.2 μ pore size from Schleicher & Schuell). The glass, ceramic andregenerated cellulose materials have suitable visible/UV tight transmittance and stretch-resistance. When porous glass or ceramic is used as the support, a silane can be used to covalently bond the nitrocellulose to the glass.| [0137] A suitable poUshed glass material which is 200 μ thick (the approximate thickness of a #1 cover stip), with pores approximately 0.5 μ in diameter, is avaUable from Corning (Vycor| [0138] Brand). Thin (60 μ) ceramic Anopore filters from Whatman are also suitable. The porous support material preferably has at least 60% hght transmittance, no autofluorescence in ultraviolet hght, 100% focal plane uniformity, less than 1 % Unear distortion in 100% isopropanol, and 100% cytologic resolution. EXAMPLE 11| [0139] Lyophilization Parameters Lyophilization of the tissue specimen can be performed under a variety of conditions, with the goal of providing a porous specimen with vertical microchannels through which a liquid can be perfused. This goal can be achieved by a device (such as that shown in FIG. 9) which freezes the specimens a rate greater than 5°C/sec (for example 20°C/sec to 100°C/sec or more), under weU regulated vacuum and temperature control. A 1: 1 ratio between drying surface area and condenser surface area is adequate for optimum condenser efficiency.| [0140] Precise control of temperature maximizes vapor pressure and controls ice recrystaUzation rates. SimUarly, rapid chamber evacuation provides optimum crystal size and directionality during primary drying. The drying cycle is initiated when a crystaUine state is achieved by cooUng to -70 °C (with Uquid nitrogen) and in a low pressure environment, providing a vapor pressure differential at the specimen. The vapor pressure differential and vapor flow conditions in the instrument wUl be sufficient to sublime specimen ice (70-500 μ ) in approximately one minute at -40°C. EXAMPLE 12| [0141] Use of Detergent and Excipient In disclosed embodiments, composite films were soaked in an excipient containing 75% tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), 5 % sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), 1 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 1 % polyethylene glycol (PEG), 10% gelatin, and 1 % Tween-20. The composite films may also be soaked in a detergent such as SLS or SDS, which was then dried on the surfaces of the composite films. The detergent plasticized the film, welded the specimen to film, extracted weakly (non- covalently) bound membrane proteins, and enhanced vertical water/solute transfer to film through capUlary action. The detergent also apparently Unproved the uniformity of solute water distribution (ice nucleation sites) within specimen. The detergent is also beheved to normalize (by lowering) the eutectic freezing temperature, and may also chemically help to form pores in specimen.| [0142] The addition of an excipient (such as 75 % t-butyl-alcohol) to the tissue specimen prior to lyophUization also helps improve uniform distribution of water in the specimen, enhances nucleation of ice, normalizes the eutectic temperature and refreezing rate of ice in specimens that are otherwise intrinsicaUy heterogeneous with respect to these properties, and helps preserve the structural stabUityof porous specimens and labUe analytes in the dried state. The excipient is beUeved to normalize the eutectic temperature (to about -38°C) by imposing its own water content and solvent distribution on the specimen, which is greater than the inherent water concentration of the specimen.| [0143] EXAMPLE 13 Hybridization| [0144] The hybridization assay we employ is essentiaUy that of Lawrence and Singer, Nucleic Acids Res. 13: 1777-1799, 1985, using a full length cDNA and hybridization at 42°C in 50% formamide, except that digoxygenin-labeled cDNA is employed and hybridization is detected using FITC -labeled anti-digoxygenin antibody. The composite film assay format also differs from the glass slide format in that the protease digestion step is omitted as unnecessary for lyophiUzed specimens. Data are obtained using a Bio-Rad Image Analyzer, and expressed as % reactive ceUs (the target is diffusely cytoplasmic at 250-400 X), with variation determined using a Factorial Anova with nested components.| [0145] EXAMPLE 14 Quantifying Immunocytochemical Results| [0146] The intensity of a colorirnetric signal can be quantitated, in accordance with known methods. A photomicrograph of the specimen can be obtained, and the images digitized. A pixel intensity scan is taken along a computer generated line between markers on the digital image, and the intensity of pixels determined along that line. The maximum pixel intensity is an indication of the concentration of the probe (such as a monoclonal antibody) that has hybridized to the tissue. The intensity of this signal can in turn be correlated with the concentration of the protein of interest in the tissue.| [0147] Pathology specimens that are suitable for immunohistochemical analysis include ceUs that express labile proteins and mRNA markers (for example Her-2, PgR, EMA, A blood group, and b- actin), from any type of animal or plant tissue. The specimen thickness may vary widely, for example from 1 μ to 100 μ (although specimens may be outside this and other ranges given in the specification).| [0148] The thickness of the composite film (Nytran and nitrocellulose) can also have a variety of range of thicknesses, as long as the thickness does not interfere with imaging and stain backgrounds. A thickness of less than 200 μ (for example 185 μ or less) is an example of a suitable thickness. Perfusion flow rates can also vary widely, but are optimally as fast as possible without compromising the specimen structure, for example 0.5 ml/min/cm2 to 5 ml/min/cm2. Perfusion pressure is optimaUy less than 30 psi.| [0149] A range of exemplary lyophiUzation temperatures is -20°C to -70°C, at a lyophUization pressure of 200 millitorr to 70 miUitorr.| [0150] Having Ulustrated and described the principles of the invention in several different embodiments, it should be apparent to those sktiled in the art that the invention can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. We claim all modifications coming within the spirit and scope of the following claims. | (WO98/20353)|[0001] CYTOPERFUSION OF TISSUE SPECIMENS| [0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION| [0003] This invention concerns histological preparation and examination of tissue specimens for diagnostic purposes. In more particular embodiments, the invention is directed to cytologic and immunofluorescent examination of pathological specimens for diagnostic purposes.| [0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION| [0005] Microscopic examination of tissue specimens for histopathologic purposes has gready enhanced the effectiveness of medical treatments for a variety of illnesses, because microscopic examination permits a more specific diagnosis of a pathological condition. In standard anatomical pathology, a diagnosis is made on the basis of cell morphology and staining characteristics. Tumor specimens, for example, can be examined to characterize the tumor type and predict whether the patient will respond to a particular form of chemotherapy. Although the microscopic examination and classification of tumors has improved medical treatment, the microscopic appearance of a tissue specimen stained by standard methods (such as hematoxylin and eosin) can only reveal a limited amount of diagnostic information.| [0006] Recent advances in molecular medicine have provided an even greater opportunity to understand the cellular mechanisms of disease, and select appropriate treatments with the greatest likelihood of success. Some hormone dependent breast tumor cells, for example, have an increased number of estrogen receptors on their cell surfaces that indicate that the patient from whom the tumor was taken will respond to certain anti-estrogenic drug treatments. Other diagnostic and prognostic cellular changes include the presence of tumor specific cell surface antigens (as in melanoma), the production of embryonic proteins (such as α-fetoprotein in liver cancer and carcinoembryonic glycoprotein antigen produced by gastrointestinal tumors), and chromosomal abnormalities (such as the presence of oncogenes). A variety of techniques have evolved to detect the presence of these cellular abnormalities, including immunophenotyping, in situ hybridization, flow cytometry, and DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).| [0007] One approach to molecular diagnosis has been to homogenize cells from a tissue specimen, to expose the cellular contents to a liquid environment in which analysis of the biochemical markers can be performed. This approach has been used to detect changes in the concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or estrogen receptors (ER) in breast cancer. A drawback of this method has been that it destroys the cytocoherence of the cells, which can remove important information about the tumor. Another problem with this quantitative assay is that malignant cells often proliferate dramatically, while the cell surface marker proliferation is more subtle. The greater proliferation of the cellular compartment can overwhelm the more subtieincrease in the cell surface markers, thereby obscuring quantitative information about marker concentration.| [0008] Another approach to molecular diagnosis of tissue specimens has been to expose the tissue to probes. A probe is any molecule that specifically binds to a nucleic acid sequence or protein of interest, and which can be labeled so that the required targets can be detected. Probes for nucleic acid sequences are radiolabeled or chemically tagged oligonucleotides of complementary sequence to the DNA or RNA sequence that is diagnostic of a genetic change associated with a tumor (such as the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic granulocytic leukemia). A monoclonal antibody can be designed to recognize antigens that are biochemical markers (such as the Her-2 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in breast cancer). The antibodies may undergo a chromogenic immunochemical reaction that is proportional to the concentration of the biochemical marker, such that the concentration of the marker on the cell can be colorometrically quantitated. The reaction may either be direct (fluorochrome directly conjugated to the primary antibody) or indirect (two- stage procedure in which a secondary fluorochrome conjugated antibody is directed against the primary antibody). Such basic techniques of immunohistochemistry (including immunofluorescent staining methods and enzyme conjugation procedures) are disclosed in DeLellis, Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry, Masson Publishing, 1981, chapter 1 and 2.| [0009] The use of immunohistochemical analysis, however, is limited by the techniques used to prepare tissue specimens. Standard preparation techniques usually require that a paraffin embedded or thin frozen section be mounted on a nonporous glass or plastic slide. The specimen is usually first chemically fixed with a cross-linking agent (such as formaldehyde), or embedded with resin, to preserve the specimen for prolonged storage. These manipulations harden the specimen, and make it difficult to introduce probes into it. Subsequent chemical treatments of the specimen may be used to soften or "unfix" it, which improves access to probes, but only at the expense of disrupting cellular relationships and degrading the image. "Unfixation" methods, such as enzyme digestion or antigen retrieval with heating and strong alkali are described in Taylor and Cote, Immunomicroscopy: A Diagnostic Tool for the Surgical Pathologist, 2nd ed. , 1994, WB Saunders, chapter 3.| [0010] Another problem with fixation of tissue specimens on slides is that cellular solutes diffuse from the specimen during chemical fixation, and these solutes may be lost or transported away from their original locations. Solute diffusion can reduce the signal intensity of quantitative immunoassays, and degrade the quality of the magnified image. This problem has been addressed in PCT Publication No. WO 93/04193, which discloses that cytocoherent transfer of a tissue specimen can be achieved by thawing a frozen sample on a membrane impregnated with a surfactant. Cytocoherent transfer is a transfer that preserves the location of the target cell solute (such as the location of a protein receptor in the cell membrane) with accurate planar definition relative to cellular microanatomy and organdies with which the solute associates. The approach disclosed in this PCT publication is said to avoid channeling of the tissue specimen, which can result from icecrystal formation and sublimation, and which causes undesirable dessication and deterioration of tissue that can occur with quench freezing of the sample. Cytocoherent transfer methods are also disclosed in McGrath et al., "High-Definition Cell Analysis In Situ Using Microporous Films", Cell Vision; 2:499-509 (1995), and McGrath et al, "Cytometrically Coherent Transfer of Receptor Proteins on Microporous Membranes", BioTechniques; 11:352-361 (1991).| [0011] Lyophilization of pathologic specimens for subsequent analysis has also been discussed in the scientific literature. An example is Stumpf and Roth, "High Resolution Autoradiography with Dry Mounted, Freeze-Dried Frozen Sections", /. of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry; 14:274-287 (1966), in which frozen sections of tissue are freeze dried on emulsion coated glass slides for autoradiography. Another example is U.S. Patent No. 5,059,518, in which mammalian cells are lyophilized after being exposed to trehalose to produce a cell pellet that, when rehydrated, retains optimal physiological characteristics. Cells prepared in this fashion are disaggregated, and not cytocoherent.| [0012] Transfer of cellular and other biological components (particularly nucleic acids) on to nitrocellulose or nylon substrates has also been disclosed. See, for example, Seshi, "Cell Blotting: Techniques for Staining and Microscopical Examination of Cells Blotted on Nitrocellulose Paper" , Analytical Biochemistry; 157:331-342 (1986); U.S. Patent No. 4,483,920 (immobilization of messenger RNA directly from cells onto nitrocellulose filter material); and U.S. Patent No. 4,455,370 (microporous nylon films used as transfer membranes for nucleic acids, proteins, bacteria and viruses).| [0013] The concept of perfusing reagents into chambers for reacting with biological materials is also disclosed in a variety of references. U.S. Patent No. 4,681,853 describes a method of perfusing reagents into a chamber holding a membrane to which nucleic acids are bound, for the purpose of treating the surfaces of the membrane. U.S. Patent No. 5,312,731 shows perfusion of cytotoxic drugs through a cell aggregate suspended in a perfusion chamber. U.S. Patent No.| [0014] 4,493,815 reveals microtiter wells in a horizontal array, having perforated plates above and below the wells through which reactants are perfused. The disclosure of each of these patents is limited to exposing the surface of the specimen to reagents, or flowing reagents through disaggregated cells. U.S. Patent No. 5,192,503 discloses a probe clip for performing in-situ assays of tissue sections, which is also discussed in McGrath et al., Cell Vision; 2:165-169 (1995). These references disclose a chamber with a silicon gasket which is pressed against a microscope slide to form a sealed chamber around a frozen section tissue specimen mounted on the slide. Immunocytochemical reagents are then introduced into the chamber where a reaction between the reagent and tissue specimen can occur. In spite of years of activity in this field, significant obstacles still remain to the routine use of probes in the examination of cytological specimens. Even if a specimen is prepared by a method that maintains its cytocoherence, it must still be reacted with the probes or monoclonalantibodies that recognize the biochemical markers associated with the cell. This is a time-consuming and expensive process. A typical colorirnetric immunoassay may require 4-5 hours, including 15-30 minutes for retrieval of the specimen, 30-60 minutes for fixation, 60-90 minutes for exposure to the primary antibody, 15 minutes to wash out the primary antibody, 30-60 minutes to expose the tissue to a secondary antibody, linker or enzyme that recognizes the primary antibody to produce a colorirnetric change, followed by another 15 minute wash. In situ hybridization of an oligonucleotide probe to a tissue specimen typically includes even more steps and longer incubations. These prolonged treatments reduce the efficiency of the assay and increase its cost.| [0015] It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a more efficient immunoassay of a cytocoherent specimen to detect cell markers associated with pathologic conditions.| [0016] Another object of this invention is to provide such an assay that provides reliable and more accurate results that are capable of quantitative interpretation.| [0017] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The foregoing objects are achieved by the present invention, which includes a method of preparing tissue specimens for microscopic examination, by mounting a tissue specimen on a porous support that retains cytocoherence of the specimen. The tissue specimen (which may for example be a thin section, touch prep, body fluid smear, fine needle biopsy specimen, cell culture, or a biological fluid such as blood or urine) is then lyophilized in a cytocoherent form on the porous support under conditions that form microchannels in the specimen, so that a reagent can be perfused through the specimen and support. Perfusion of the reagent (such as a probe) through the porous specimen permits a rapid and effective reaction to occur between the specimen and probe. Subsequent steps, such as washing the specimen or introducing secondary antibodies, can also be performed by perfusion. Perfusion of reagents and washing solutions substantially reduces the reaction time and cost of the assay, improves the quality of the microscopic image, and enhances signal accuracy of colorirnetric and other indicators used in quantitative studies.| [0018] In disclosed embodiments, the specimen is lyophilized below a eutectic temperature of the specimen. The eutectic temperature is the initial melting point of the specimen, at which water in the frozen specimen begins to liquefy (and electrical conductivity increases). Lyophilization below this temperature allows liquid to be sublimed from the solid to the gaseous phase, to form pores in the specimen through which probes and other reagents can be perfused. Lyophilization is performed under conditions that create a vertical temperature gradient, and form vertical microchannels in the specimen, to enhance the flow of reactants through the specimen. The formation of such microchannels has previously been considered an undesirable artifact, but the present invention has disregarded that teaching to arrive at the improved perfusion process.| [0019] In some disclosed embodiments, the reagent is a diagnostic antibody, which is perfused through the specimen and support at a pressure of about lOpsi, and a flow rate of about 2ml/cm2/min. Negative pressure (vacuum) as well as positive pressure can be used to perfuse the reagent through the porous specimen. The specimen may be lyophilized under conditions that form pores of about 1 μ diameter in the specimen, and a pore density of at least about 0.6 x 108 pores/cm2 of tissue. The porous support can be a composite film that includes a nitrocellulose surface layer to which the tissue specimen is adhered, and a microporous subjacent layer that has a light transmittance which is at least 60% the hght transmittance of glass. The porous subjacent layer may be a microporous nylon, ceramic or cellulose material. The support can be impregnated with a detergent (such a sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate) that improves adherence of the specimen to the support. An excipient may be added to the specimen prior to lyophilization, to normalize the eutectic temperature of the specimen at a desired process temperature, so that reproducible, uniform lyophilization will occur in specimens of varying compositions.| [0020] The reagent may be perfused through the specimen and composite film by attaching a sealed chamber to a surface of the support, and introducing the reagent in liquid form into the sealed chamber and through the specimen and film under pressure (either positive pressure or vacuum pressure). The composite film limits a rate of perfusion of the reagent, i.e. the flow rate through the composite film is lower than the flow rate through the tissue specimen. This flow limitation helps prevent uneven flow through the specimen caused by areas of reduced specimen density (such as artifactual separations), and avoids damaging the tissue with excessive flow rates. The specimen (having a thickness of less than about 20 μ) may be lyophilized at a temperature of -70 to -30°C, for example -70 to -40°C, more specifically -40CC, to produce a pore size of about 1 μ or less. This pore size is preferred because the pores are not readily visible when microscopic images are viewed at a magnification of 400X or less (e.g. 250-400X). The specimen is also lyophilized by freezing the specimen rapidly, for example at a rate of greater than 5°C, or 20°C, 50°C or 100°C per second to promote the formation of vertical microchannels. Subsequent sublimation of ice from the frozen specimen occurs at a pressure of about .001 mm Hg, and the temperature increases during the sublimation step from -40 °C (at which the specimen is held for about 1 minute) to a final temperature of +25°C over a period of 5 minutes. The final porosity of the specimen is at least 50% of the volume of the specimen. In more specific embodiments, the method includes adhering a thin tissue specimen to a dry nitrocellulose film mounted to a porous support having an optical transmittance that is at least 60% the transmittance of glass. The porous support may be microporous nylon (such as Nytran™) having pores with a diameter of about 0.1-0.45 μ. The tissue specimen is then lyophilized under conditions that maintain its cytocoherence and form vertical microchannels in the specimen, while retaining cytocoherence of the specimen. A liquid reagent (such as a monoclonal antibody for immunophenotyping) is then perfused under pressure through the tissue specimen and porous support to react the liquid reagent with the tissue specimen. The specimen is then washed to removeunreacted reactant, by perfusing a washing liquid under pressure through the tissue specimen and porous support. A secondary antibody may then be introduced (for example to perform an indirect assay), where the secondary antibody recognizes the primary antibody that has adhered to proteins of interest to provide a colorirnetric, fluorescent or radioactive signal. This step may be followed by a second washing step to remove excess secondary antibody from the specimen.| [0021] In disclosed embodiments, the tissue specimen is lyophilized under conditions that form a lyophilized tissue specimen having pores of a diameter of less than about 1 μ and a tissue porosity of less than about 50% , and the porous composite film support is less porous than the lyophilized tissue specimen so that a rate of flow of reagent through the tissue specimen is limited by a rate of flow of the reagent through the porous support. Lyophilization of the specimen also occurs in the presence of an effective amount of a normalizing agent to normalize a eutectic temperature of the specimen, where the specimen is frozen at a rate of at least 20 °C per second, and sublimation occurs for at least 1 minute at a temperature of -40 to -70°C. The liquid is perfused through the tissue specimen and porous composite film under a pressure of less than about 10 psi, and at a flow rate of less than about 2 ml/cm2/sec, by introducing the liquid into the chamber under pressure.| [0022] In even more specific embodiments, the method of preparing the tissue specimen for microscopic examination includes providing a thin tissue specimen having a thickness of less than about 20 μ, wherein the tissue specimen is impregnated with a sufficient concentration of an excipient to normalize a eutectic temperature of the tissue specimen to a desired temperature of about -40° C. Suitable excipients include an alcohol (such as t-butyl alcohol, or high molecular weight alcohols such as polyvinyl alcohol). A composite film support is also provided, which includes a nitrocellulose surface film having a thickness of about 5 μ, a pore size of 0.01-0.8 μ and a porosity of less than about 50% , adhered to a porous nylon base, wherein the nylon base has a pore size of about 0.2 μ, a thickness of about 100 μ, and a hght transmittance that is at least 60% of a light transmittance of glass. The nitrocellulose film is impregnated with a detergent that improves adherence of the tissue specimen to the nitrocellulose film, and the tissue specimen is placed on the nitrocellulose film in a dry condition so that the tissue specimen adheres with cytocoherence to the nitrocellulose film. The tissue specimen is lyophilized by placing the composite film on a freezing platen, which creates a vertical temperature gradient in the specimen, and freezing the specimen at a rate of at least 20°C. Solid ice is sublimed from the specimen, below the eutectic point, for at least one minute at a temperature of about -40CC, and at a pressure of about 1 x 10~3 mm Hg, to produce vertical microchannels in the tissue specimen.| [0023] A pressure chamber is then placed against the tissue specimen, to perfuse a liquid reagent containing a diagnostic antibody through the tissue specimen and composite support. The liquid reagent may be perfused at a positive or negative pressure of about 10 psi, and a flow rate of about 2 ml/cm2/min for no more than about 1 minute, wherein the flow rate is lower through the nitrocellulose than through the tissue specimen film. A washing liquid, and/or secondary antibodies,can subsequently be perfused through the tissue specimen and composite support. A magnified image of the tissue specimen at a magnification of about 250-400 is then examined through a microscope. In the case of a quantitative assay, such as a colorirnetric reaction, the amount of the antibody or other reagent that binds to the tissue can be quantitated, for example by measuring the color intensity of the specimen.| [0024] The invention also includes a composite support for microscopic examination of a tissue specimen, wherein the composite support includes a surface film that adheres thin tissue specimens in a cytocoherent manner, and a base to which the surface film is mounted. The surface film and base are sufficiently porous to allow a reactant liquid to be perfused through the surface film and base. In disclosed embodiments, the composite support further includes a thin tissue specimen lyophilized on the surface of the film. The surface film may be a nitrocellulose film that is about 5 μ thick, has a pore size of about 0.01-0.8 u and a porosity of less than about 50% , and the base has a pore size of about 0.2 μ, a thickness of about 100 μ, and a light transmittance that is at least 60% of a light transmittance of glass. The surface film or composite support may be impregnated with a detergent, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate, that improves adherence of the tissue specimen to the film. In particularly preferred embodiments, the base comprises a porous nylon material, such as Nytran™.| [0025] The invention also includes a system for microscopic examination of a thin tissue specimen, comprising a porous support to which the thin tissue specimen adheres in a cytocoherent fashion, and on which the thin tissue specimen can be lyophilized under conditions that form perfusion pores in the thin tissue specimen while retaining its cytocoherence. The system also includes a perfusion attachment capable of being secured to the porous support, and capable of perfusing a liquid through the thin tissue specimen and porous support under pressure without disrupting the cytocoherence of the tissue. The perfusion attachment may be a chamber with an annular seal for placement against the support.| [0026] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.| [0027] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS| [0028] FIG. 1 A is a top perspective view of a slide made in accordance with the present invention, with a porous composite film of the present invention incorporated into the slide, and with a tissue specimen on the composite film.| [0029] FIG. IB is a cross-sectional view of a composite film on a glass slide from which the composite film may be removed for perfusion.FIG. IC is a cross-sectional view of a composite film on a polycarbonate slide through which a perfusion hole has been cut, so that perfusion Uquid can be introduced from a perfusion tube through the composite film without removing the film from the slide.| [0030] FIG. 2 is a top view of the isolated composite film and tissue specimen, after the composite film is removed from the slide.| [0031] FIG. 3 is a cross-section scanning electron micrograph of the composite film of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of the microporous nylon support of the film shown in FIG. 1.| [0032] FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of the nitrocellulose surface of the composite support, showing the pores that occupy about 50% of the surface of the nitrocellulose.| [0033] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a perfusion apparatus for introducing immunohistochemical reagents through the tissue specimen.| [0034] FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the perfusion chamber of the apparatus shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a perfusion manifold for performing cytoperfusion.| [0035] FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of a lyophilization apparatus for lyophilizing tissue specimens in accordance with the present invention.| [0036] FIG. 10 is a graph showing increased washing efficiency with the perfusion technique of the present invention, as compared to diffusional washing.| [0037] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL EMBODIMENTS The cytoperfusion technique of the present invention allows the cytocoherent transfer of proteins and nucleic acids (as well as other solutes) from porous pathological specimens (such as thin section surgical specimens from plant or animal origins) to composite supports, by lyophilizing the tissue specimen on a nitrocellulose layer of the support under conditions that promote formation of pores and vertical microchannels. The porosity of the specimen permits a probe solution to be perfused through the specimen under pressure, while retaining microanatomic relationships within the specimen. The advantage of cytoperfusion is that it greatly reduces the time needed to obtain highly sensitive results with immunoassays. Microchanneling of the specimen increases access of reactants by exposing reaction sites and creating greater surface area within the specimen for reactions to occur.| [0038] In disclosed embodiments, a specimen that is approximately 10 microns thick is freeze dried in situ on a nitrocellulose/nylon composite film, in which the nitrocellulose component has pores that are 0.1 to 0.3 microns in diameter, and the pores of the nylon component are even larger. Lyophilization conditions (temperature -40 to -70°C, below the eutectic temperature, and rate of coohng at least about 1 °C per second) are selected such that pores of approximately 1 μ diameter are formed in the specimen, with an overall pore density of 30-50 percent. Uniformity of pore size canbe promoted by applying an excipient solution (such a t-butyl alcohol) that promotes formation of eutectics by normalizing the distribution of temperatures at which ice crystal formation occurs. During lyophilization, a temperature gradient is preferably created from the bottom to the top of the specimen, so that the specimen freezes from the bottom to the top. This directional freezing forms microchannels that allow perfusion of the probe reagents throughout the specimen in three dimensions. The size of the channels (directional pores) is sufficiently small not to compromise resolution of cellular microanatomy when the specimen is viewed under a light microscope at 250- 400X. Perfusion of the probe reagents is performed at a pressure of 5-10 psi with a flow rate of about 2-5 ml/min/cm2 through the tissue specimen. One embodiment of the composite support 20 of the present invention is shown in FIGS| [0039] 1A and IB, wherein the composite support is mounted on a glass or polycarbonate slide 21. A circle of microporous nylon membrane 19 (NYTRAN from Schleicher & Schuell) having a 22 mm diameter is placed on slide 21. Polyester tape mask 22 is prepared by cutting an 18 mm diameter cut-out using a punch. The mask 22 has an adhesive undersurface that is applied to the surface of slide 21 , with the cut-out in the mask 22 centered on the nylon membrane 19. A layer 26 of nitrocellulose polymer is then spun cast in a conventional fashion on to the surface of nylon membrane 19 and mask 22, so that the nitroceUulose overlaps the borders of mask 22 and occupies a circular area having a diameter that is about the same as the diameter of the nylon membrane 19. The Uquid nitroceUulose polymer from which the layer 26 is formed may, for example, be made by purchasing raw nitroceUulose materials from Hercules- Aqulon (Wilmington DE) 68.82 g RS 3/4sec, plus 68.82 g RS 18-25cps, dissolved into a mixture of 196.32 g n-butanol (purchased from Fisher Scientific, cat# A383-4) and 7.2 g isopropanol (Fisher Scientific cat#A16P-4), and 23.10 g lauryl sulfate solution (prepared by dissolving 6.46 g of lauryl sulfate (Sigma Ultragrade cat# L-6026) in de-ionized water and stirred gently to dissolve the lauryl sulfate without foaming). The nitrocellulose polymer solution can be stored at room temperature untU spin casting at 1000 rpm for 70 seconds. After spin casting, the composite film is cured at room temperature for 10 minutes, foUowed by baking at 60°C for one hour.| [0040] A perforation 24 is placed through layers 26, 22 and 19, and the perforation extends in the mask layer away from the composite film to form a pull-away tab 28 that can be puUed to remove the composite film from slide support 21. The composite film that is removed includes mask 22 and underlying nylon layer 19 to which mask 22 is adhered, as weU as nitroceUulose layer 30 which is supported by mask 22. After placing a tissue specimen 32 on the nitroceUulose layer 30, the composite membrane and tissue specimen are placed in a perfusion device, such as that shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. An alternative embodiment of the composite membrane is shown in FIG. IC, which is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. IB, so that Uke parts have been given Uke reference numerals. However in this embodiment the slide is made of polycarbonate, and a cylindrical hole23, about 13 mm in diameter, is provided through the slide 21. The hole 23 is fiUed with a porous fiUer (such as a porous glass plug), which provides a porous opening through which perfusion Uquid can be introduced, wlule still providing a thermal conductance similar to the surrounding sUde material 21. The nitroceUulose and Nytran layers are not separated from the slide 21 by puUing tab 28 away from sUde 21 to provide an isolated composite film 31 consisting of the Nytran layer 22 and nitroceUulose layer 30. The tissue specimen 32 can be perfused in situ on the sUde 21 because of the hole 23 through the slide. A perfusion tube 33 is shown in FIG. IC, which can seat on nitrocellulose layer 30 around specimen 32 to perfuse the specimen.| [0041] Perfusion Apparatus| [0042] A simplified perfusion chamber apparatus 50 for use with the composite film of FIG. IB is shown in FIG. 6, and an enlarged view of the perfusion chamber 52 of the apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 7. The chamber 52 is a Sweeny filter assembly having a funnel shaped base 54 with an externally threaded neck 56 that mates with an internally threaded cap 58. The composite film 31 , with its adhered specimen 32, is placed on a support screen 59 that seats on the neck 56, and the gasket (O-ring) 34 seats on the composite film 31 (around specimen 32) to further seal the chamber 52 when cap 58 is mated with the threaded neck 56.| [0043] Chamber 52 is connected to a sihcone rubber coupUng 60, which is in turn clamped (with clamp 62) to the bottom of a 5 ml graduated pipette 64. The top of pipette 64 is in turn attached to a sihcone rubber coupUng 66, which is clamped with clamp 68 to a gas connector 70. Nitrogen gas tubing 72 is connected to a source of pressurized gas (not shown), and the flow of gas can be regulated by a rotatable on/off valve 74. The apparatus 50 is mounted on a ring support stand 76 with ring stand clamps 78, 80 in the conventional fashion.| [0044] In use, a reagent liquid (such as a liquid containing a monoclonal antibody) is placed in pipette 64, and perfused through composite film 30 by introducing nitrogen gas (at about 10 psi) into tubing 72. The gas pressure forces reagent Uquid from the pipette 64, through composite film 30, and out of the filter assembly 52.| [0045] An alternative device for perfusing reagents through the lyophilized specimen and porous support is shown in FIG. 8, which is a modified filter manifold that can be obtained from MUUpore Corporation of Bedford, MA, USA. The cytoperfusion apparatus includes a cylindrical reservoir chamber base 102 having a central positioning/locking post 104 that extends above base 102 and terminates with an externally threaded end 106. A reagent funnel 108 tapers to an outlet 110, and has an annular flange 112 around its top, peripheral to a series of outlet orifices 114. A tissue disc platform 116 which seats on funnel 108 supports a removable rigid plastic disc 117 with peripheral cut-outs in which are mounted the composite films 31. A housing 118 with a series of cyUndrical reagent cups 120 seats on tissue disc platform 116 with the cups 120 ahgned with the composite films 31, and a disposable rotary reagent tray 122 with a series of complementary cyUndrical inserts 124that fit within cups 120. A reagent (such as lyophUized monoclonal antibody) is adhered to the inner cylindrical surface of inserts 124. A coyer 126 fits on chamber base 102 above tray 122, and is secured in place by lock nut 128. Tubing 130 communicates with the interior of apparatus 100 through cover 126. In use, support disc 118 is placed on platform 116 with lyophilized tissue specimens on one or more of the composite films 31. The cytoperfusion manifold is assembled by placing the funnel 108 in chamber base 102, with platform 116 seated on funnel 108. Housing 118 is seated on platform 116, with reagent cups 120 aligned over composite films 30, and the cyhndrical inserts 124 of the tray 122 are inserted into the complementary cups 120. Cover 126 is secured in position with lock nut 128, and pressurized Uquid is introduced into apparatus 100 through tubing 130. The liquid solubilizes the lyophUized reagent in inserts 124, and perfuses the reagents through the tissue specimens on composite films 31. The perfusion Uquid is collected by funnel 108, and coUected in chamber 102.| [0046] The invention also includes an apparatus 130 (FIG. 9) for freezing a tissue specimen below its eutectic temperature, and providing a vertical temperature gradient that gives directionaUty to the pores (vertical microchanneling). Apparatus 130 includes a lyoplulization chamber 132, a clear plastic cover 134, a heat sink chamber 136 below chamber 132, a series of cooUng fins 133 extending inparaUel rows through heat sink chamber 136 to circulate cool air, a cooling chamber 138, below heat sink chamber 136, into which liquid nitrogen is introduced, and a solid base plate 140. Six identical platens 142 are arranged in two rows within enclosure 132, and each platen has a cross-shaped recess 144 in its surface. The long arm 144a of the cross accepts an elongated slide, whUe the short arm 144b permits the slide to be picked up from the recess.| [0047] A Uquid nitrogen inlet 150 into cooUng chamber 138 communicates with a liquid nitrogen line 152, and the flow of liquid nitrogen into cooling chamber 138 is controlled by valves 154, 156. A vacuum manifold 158 communicates with lyophilization chamber 132, and leads to vacuum valve 159 and a vacuum condenser line 160, to establish a vacuum in the lyophUization chamber 132. Vacuum vent Unes 162 (controlled by vent valve 164) communicate with lyophilization chamber 132 to open chamber 132 to atmospheric pressure once lyophUization has been completed.| [0048] In operation, liquid nitrogen is introduced into cooUng chamber 138 through inlet 150 to precool platens 142 to -40° to -70°C. A composite film sUde (like the sUde 20 in FIG. IB), with a tissue specimen 32 on the composite film, is then placed in each of the recesses 144a on the surface of platen 142. Cover 134 is secured in place to seal lyophilization chamber 132, and the interior of lyophUization chamber 132 is evacuated to a pressure of approximately 100 miUitorr. After one minute of lyophilization at this temperature and pressure, the temperature of the lyophUization chamber is increased over 5 minutes to +25°C. The vacuum in lyophUization chamber 132 is then vented to atmosphere through vent 164, and the chamber 132 can be opened to remove the sUde which contains the now lyophUized specimen.Perfusion of immunocytochemical reagents through a lyophUized tissue specimen prepared in accordance with the present invention overcomes problems of poor probe binding rates (signal intensity) and non-specific probe turnover rates (noise intensity). Analyte (such as a tissue bound receptor of interest) is immobiUzed in the tissue by adherence to the nitrocellulose surface, hence the probe can more easily interact with the analyte in the lyophilized tissue than in solution. The use of the specialized microporous films of the present invention, instead of nonporous glass microscope slides as specimen supports, overcomes the problem of diffusional loss of analytes by providing a relatively permeable soUd phase reaction matrix to bind soluble analytes. The nitrocellulose specimen support permits vertical (capUlary) transfer of soluble analytes from the specimen to the underlying film, to achieve cytocoherent transfer. Cytocoherent transfer controls diffusional loss by immobilizing analyte on a high-capacity binding matrix, which circumvents the counterproductive and antagonistic practices of "masking" analyte by over fixing the specimen and then "unmasking" the analyte by hydrolytic or other means. The binding matrix stiU presents analyte in solid phase, where reactions based on coUision probabiUties proceed more rapidly than in solution, but the regularity of the matrix and its porosity creates a reaction environment in which analyte in solid phase is uniformly more accessible to perfused probe reactants.| [0049] The present invention particularly increases precision and sensitivity of immunoassays where lyophUization occurs under conditions that promote eutectic freezing and sublimation of crystaUine ice, and where pore size is controUed within certain ranges. The maximum preferred pore size corresponds with the resolving power of microscope objectives used. When the maximum magnification used is 400X, a pore size of approximately 1 μ or less is preferred. Treating tissue as a filter, and calculating permeabUity constants for Nucleopore standards from filtration rates and the Darcy equation, it can be estimated that a flow rate of 2-5 ml/min/cm2 can be achieved through 10 μ thick tissue with average pore diameter of \μ at a relatively low pressure of 5-10 psi, at an average pore density of only 30-50% (% tissue volume occupied by through- channels).| [0050] The flow rate projected from the Darcy equation for composite film supports (nitrocellulose and microporous nylon) was 0.5-2ml/min cm2. Perfusion rates of reagents through isolated discontinuous biological specimens (e.g. dispersed cells or coherent tissue with cracks or holes) in the specimen plane, preferably exceed or are equal to the rate of flow through the film support. The composite films of the present invention achieve these differential flow rates, by casting nitrocellulose films that have smaller pores, or less porosity, than the lyophUized tissue specimen. The present examples use specimens that are at least 6 μ thick, which achieve this flow limitation. The porosity of the lyophilized tissue specimen can also be altered to affect the rate of perfusion. Porosity of the specimen can be varied by manipulating the (re)-freezing temperature during lyophilization. Generally, lower temperatures (-40 to -70°C) provide smaUer pores in the lyophUized specimen than higher refreezing temperatures (such as -30 °C).EXAMPLE 1 Preparing Composite Films| [0051] To make composite films, a rectangular (20mmX20mm) sheet of nylon depth filter material ("0.2um" pore size Nytran, lot 16/9, Schleicher & SchueU, Keene, NH) was affixed to a polyester liner (M57) with a clean-release adhesive (Furon, Inc. , New Haven, CT), as described in connection with FIG. IB above. A nitroceUulose cytocoherent transfer film was then polymer cast onto the masked filter. The composite film was soaked in a detergent solution (SDS or SLS) which was dried in the material at 50 °C before use. FoUowing lyophilization, the composite films were peeled from supports and trimmed by means of a swivel-blade X-acto knife, leaving a 1.5 mm mask margin around the Film for handUng and support.| [0052] EXAMPLE 2 Preparing Tissue Specimens| [0053] Breast cancers were obtained from the Anatomic Pathology laboratory, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan. Tumor fragments were quench frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 CC in evacuated air-tight bags. Frozen tissue was sectioned using a Reichert-Jung cryostat at - 20° C, and thaw-mounted directly onto the dry composite films, wliile the composite films were still affixed to microscope sUdes. Section thickness was 6 μ.| [0054] Freshly thawed (wet) cryostat specimens on composite films (and glass or polyester slides) were re-frozen on a pre-chiUed aluminum block. Freezing continued for 5 minutes, although the specimens were visibly frozen within 1 minute. Frozen specimens (on blocks) were transferred to a thermal shelf of a Lyph-Lok 6L tray dryer (Labconco, Kansas City, Mo) with a shelf and atmosphere temperature of -40°C. Drying was at -40°C for 30 minutes at a final vacuum of 10"3 mm Hg (condenser temperature was -60 °C). Alternatively, lyophiUzation could occur in the lyophilizer 130 described in association with FIG. 9 above.| [0055] EXAMPLE 3 Immunocytochemistry Techniques An indirect assay, employing primary antibody and either biotinylated secondary (horse anti-mouse IgG) antibody/ ABC-AP, or secondary (goat anti-mouse) antibody-AP, and BCIP/NBT- based color detection, was routinely used. Conjugated secondary antibodies and color development reagents were aU obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA). Two primary antibodies were used: One mouse monoclonal against Her-2/neu (mAb-1, Corning Diagnostics, Alameda, CA) and a polyclonal rabbit antibody to EGFR (Ab-4; Oncogene Science, Manhasset, NY). Breast tumors were screened to provide specimens reactive with mAb-1, but not Ab-4 which then served as an antibody specificity control. Antibodies were diluted in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4, containing 5mM MgCl2) and 0.1 % Tween 20 (TPBS). Non-specific antibody binding was blockedby pre-incubating specimens in TPBS containing either 5 % normal goat serum or 1 % BS A (Fraction V, Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Nuclear Fast Red (0.1 %) was used to counterstain specimens (13).| [0056] To demonstrate the superiority of the perfusion technique, immunoassay s were performed bo by perfusion and with less efficient surface exposure techniques. The perfusion based assay was performed with a vertical volumetric column as shown in FIG. 6, which was constructed from a 1 (or 5) ml plastic pipette 64 connected to a source of dry nitrogen gas with pressure regulated in the range of 1-20 psi. Composite films 30 were inserted into the column at the base, using a Sweeny Filter Holder 52 (Gelman Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI) with a 13mm diameter filter area. The total Film area exposed was 0.81 cm2. A mask of soft (40 durometer) sUicone rubber with a 0.09 cm2 hole was placed over the composite film to filter smaller specimen areas. Before use, fluids were pre-filtered through 0.05 μ pore size Nucleopore filters (Corning-Costar, Cambridge, MA). How rate through films was determined at 20°C and monitored volumetricaUy using a stopwatch.| [0057] Comparison assays that did not use perfusion used lyophUized specimens on composite film or glass sUdes, that were washed 3-4 times during the immunoassay: after primary antibody, after secondary antibody-AP (or antibody-biotin, with another wash after ABC-AP) and after substrate incubation. Each time, specimens were washed for 15 min on a rotary shaker at room temperature in staining dishes with three 250 ml changes of TPBS (5 mm/change).| [0058] Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for morphological examination. Isopropanol was substituted for ethanol in preparation of eosin. To prepare specimens for tight microscopy, stained specimens were dehydrated in an isopropyl alcohol series (30-100%) and composite films were cleared to transparency by filting pores with xylene (13), which has a refractive index similar to the composite film. Specimens on composite films were permanendy mounted on microscope sUdes in Accumount (Baxter SP, McGaw Park, II). Specimens were viewed using a Reichert Microstar IV light microscope, employing 25X and 40X plan acromatic objectives (NA=0.5 and 0.7, respectively). The resolving power of the microscope was approximately 1 μ, based on the relationship between numerical apertures of the condenser and objective, and the wavelength of visible tight (22).| [0059] The following specific examples iUustrate use of the perfusion method of the present invention.| [0060] EXAMPLE 4 Perfusion Example In accordance with the techniques described in this specification, a fresh piece of unfixed tonsti tissue, obtained as a surgical specimen, is snap frozen by submerging it in Uquid nitrogen. The frozen tissue specimen is mounted on a Cryostat chuck using tissue mounting medium, and cut into a thin frozen section that is 2-10 μ thick. The thin section is thaw mounted on the nitroceUulose surface of a composite film (with a glass or polyester base), using the same technique used to apply afrozen section to a glass microscope slide. The specimen is immediately re-frozen by placing the composite film on a platen surface of the lyophilization device (FIG. 9), in which the platens have been precooled to -40° C. The lid of the lyophUization chamber is then closed, with the lid gasket pressed tightly against the opening to form a good seal. After aUowing at least 30 seconds for the specimen to re-freeze, a vacuum is established in the lyophilization chamber. The amount of vacuum may vary depending on the specimen thickness and water content, but efficient lyophilization is usually achieved in a short cycle time at 100 mUUtorr pressure in the chamber.| [0061] Lyophilization proceeds at -40°C for one minute. WhUe maintaining a continuous vacuum in the chamber, the temperature of the platens is increased to +25°C over a period of 5 minutes (although the time and temperature can be varied for different specimens). At the end of this period, vacuum is maintained for 1 minute at +25°C, then the vacuum is broken. The Ud of the lyophilizer is opened, and the dried samples removed. Samples are then prepared for perfusion by separating the composite film (nitrocellulose and Nytran) from the glass or polyester support by peeting or cutting, and trimming the composite film (with adhered tissue specimen) to a diameter of 13 mm.| [0062] Each trimmed sample is placed into the Sweeny filter assembly (FIG. 6) which holds a 13 mm diameter filter, such that the specimen affixed surface is positioned away from the Sweeny filter support screen. The threaded cap is used to close the assembly, and three ml of blocking solution (10% horse serum from Vector Labs, cat# S-1000) diluted in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.5) containing 0.3% Tween-20 (TPBS) which has been pre-filtered through a 0.2 μ ceUulose acetate filter is placed into a 5 ml graduated pipette. The pipette is supported in a vertical orientation by a ring stand to which the pipette is clamped.| [0063] The top of the pipette is attached to a pressurized tank of nitrogen gas through a connector with an on/off valve and an adjustable pressure gauge set to 10 psi. The lower tip of the pipette is fitted with a piece of flexible tubing with a 1/8 inch inner diameter, and the threaded portion of the Sweeny filter assembly is connected to the pipette by inserting the threaded exterior portion of the cap into the sUicone tubing. Reagent flow through the specimen is started by opening the pressure valve at the top of the reagent pipette, and 2 ml of blocking solution is delivered through the specimen at 10 psi. A typical specimen wUl allow reagent to perfuse through the specimen at a rate of 2 ml/min at 10 psi. The surface of the specimen is constantly bathed in reagent solution and not aUowed to dry.| [0064] After delivery of 2 ml of blocking solution, reagent flow is stopped by turning off nitrogen gas flow. The pipette is temporarily disconnected from the Sweeny filter and filled with 0.5 ml of dUuted primary antibody reagent solution, such as anti-PCNA mouse antibody (Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA. , Cat#NCL-PCNA). Dilution of primary antibody is made in TPBS containing 1.0% normal horse serum (Vector Labs, Cat# S-2000). After re-connecting the Sweeny filter to the pipette, reagent flow is started again. After delivery of the 0.5 ml of reagent into theSweeny filter, gas pressure is interrupted and the specimen is aUowed to soak in primary antibody reagent for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes.of primary incubation, the pipette is refilled with 2 ml of wash buffer (TPBS without serum), and delivered through the specimen as above.| [0065] Secondary antibody is then delivered in the same fashion as above. In this Example, the secondary antibody is Biotin labeled anti-mouse antibody (from Vector Labs # BA2000) dUuted 1:2000 in pre-filtered TPBS containing 1 % horse serum. The serum is then washed as already described, this time to remove the secondary antibody. Fluorescent cetection is performed using fluorescein anti-biotin reagent (Vector Labs # SP3040) prepared in TPBS and using the same 5 minute incubation described above. The specimen is then perfusion washed with de-ionized water to stop the incubation. The specimen is removed from the Sweeny filter assembly and mounted with aqueous mounting medium suitable for use in fluorescence microscopy (Vector Labs VectaShield reagent # H-100), a cover sUp is placed over the specimen, and it is viewed microscopicaUy, using the same wavelength and filters conventionaUy used for fluorescent imaging. 0.5 ml of alkaUne phosphatase labeled anti-mouse antibody (Vector Labs, Cat#AP-2000) diluted 1:2000 in pre-filtered TPBS containing 1.0% horse serum.| [0066] Alternatively, cplorimetric detection may be preformed using alkaUne phosphatase substrate incubation (with Vector Labs AlkaUne Phosphatase Substrate Kit, Cat#SK5200 prepared in 0.1M TRIS solution, at pH 9.5, as instructed by the manufacturer), and using the same 5 minute incubation as described for the primary antibody. Washing solution (deionized water) may be perfused through the specimen in the Sweeny filter to stop color development.| [0067] The specimen, after being removed from the Sweeny filter assembly, may be rendered optically clear by dipping the composite film in xylene several times. The sample may be prepared for microscopic viewing by placing a drop of mounting medium such as Accumount (Baxter Scientific) on to a glass microscope slide. The composite filter is placed on top of the drop of medium, with the tissue specimen face up, and 2-3 drops more of medium are applied on the specimen surface and overlaid with a glass cover sUp. The finished specimen may be viewed microscopicaUy for the presence of brown color stain in the nucleus, which mdicates the presence of PCNA protein.| [0068] EXAMPLE 5 Alternative Perfusion Technique| [0069] A block of formaUn fixed paraffin embedded with human tonsU is mounted on a microtome chuck, and 4 μ thick sections of tissue are made. The tissue specimens are floated on the surface of a water bath, and each thin section is placed on a separate composite film. The tissue specimen is affixed to the nitrocellulose surface of the composite film by microwave heating for 1 minute, or baking at 60°C for one hour. The tissue is de-paraffinized by mcubation in xylene, and descending concentrations of isopropyl alcohols, using the foUowing sequence: xylene, xylene, xylene, followed by sequential isopropyl alcohol treatments for 3 minutes at each of the foUowingconcentrations: 100%, 100%, 100% , 95%, 90%, 80% , 70%, and then water. The distribution of water in the specimen is normaUzed by. soaking the specimen for one minute in a 75 % tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) excipient. A disclosed embodiment of the excipient is 75 % TBA, 5 % sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), 1 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 1 % polyethylene glycol (PEG), 10% gelatin, and 1 % Tween-20.| [0070] The composite films (with the attached tissue specimens) are removed from the normalizing solution and excess solution is drained on to paper towels. The specimen is frozen by placing the composite film on the platen of the lyophilization device (FIG. 9), in which the platen surface temperature has been pre-cooled to -45 °C (the condenser surface is cooled to below - 60°C). Composite films with attached tissue specimens are inserted on different platens until aU the avaUable freezing platens are occupied. The lid is closed, and a gasket pressed tightly against the opening to form a good seal when vacuum is applied. After aUowing at least 1 minute for the last specimen to freeze, a vacuum of 100 milUtorr is appUed in the lyophilization chamber. The tonsU specimens are lyophUized at -45 °C for 3 minutes. Then whUe maintainmg a continuous vacuum of 100 mUUtorr in the lyophilization chamber, the temperature of the sample platens is increased to| [0071] +25°C over a period of 10 minutes. After reaching this temperature the vacuum is maintained for 1 minute before venting the chamber to atmosphere, opening the lid, and removing the sample.| [0072] Samples are prepared for perfusion of reagents by peeting or cutting the composite film (nitroceUulose and Nytran) from the support, and trimming to 13 mm. The composite films are placed in the Sweeny filter and perfused as described in Example 4 with the blocking solution, primary antibody, washing solution, secondary antibody, washing solution, and colorirnetric reagent. Dehydration and preparation for microscopic viewing are performed as in Example 4.| [0073] Fluorescent antibody detection can be performed by deUvering antibody as described above, but where the antibody is Biotin Labeled Anti-mouse antibody (Vector Labs #BA2000) dUuted 1:200 in pre-filtered TPBS containing 1 % horse serum. The specimen is then washed as already described, this time to remove the secondary antibody. Fluorescent detection is performed using fluorescein-anti-biotin reagent (Vector Labs # SP3040) prepared In TPBS and using the same 5 minute incubation as described. Specimen is then perfusion washed with de-ionized water to stop incubation. The specimen is removed from the Sweeny filter assembly and mounted with aqueous mounting medium suitable for use in fluorescence microscopy (Vector Labs, VectaShield reagent # H-1000), cover-sUpped and viewed microscopicaUy at the same length and filters conventionally used for fluorescent imaging.| [0074] EXAMPLE 6 Properties of Composite Films| [0075] FIGS. 2-5 iUustrate key physical properties of the composite film 31, which are also summarized in Table 1. FIG. 2 shows a composite film with a lyophilized cryostat breast cancerspecimen shown after a Her-2/neu immunoassay. FIG. 3 is a cross-section scanning electron micrograph of the composite film with the tissue specimen affixed to the nitroceUulose surface. NitroceUulose(NC)/Nytran(NY) composites were 185 μ thick, with the exposed nitroceUulose surface layer comprising approximately 5 μ. The nitrocellulose polymer penetrated the superficial nylon latticework (FIG. 4) to a depth of about 5 μ to form an intimate connection between the two materials, with no air pockets or other discontinuities visible at 3000-10,000 X. The nitrocellulose surface of the composite formed a smooth contact plane for biological specimens, as shown by the intimate contact between tissue specimen (T) and film in FIG. 3.| [0076] FIGS. 4 and 5 contrast the surface of a Nytran™ filter and a composite film having a nitroceUulose surface. The Nytran surface (FIG. 4) comprises an "open meshwork" structure without discrete pores, whUe the working nitroceUulose surface (FIG. 5) of the composite film is planar with discrete round pores comprising approximately 50% of surface area (3.6 X 108 pores/cm2). The range in pore size on the surface of the nitroceUulose films was 0.01-0.8 μ. Approximately 91 % of pores were 0.2-0.4 μ in diameter (Table 1); 10% were 0.4-0.8 μ, and 10% were <Q.2 μ.| [0077] Table 1 Pore Structure and Permeability of Composite Films.| [0078] Surface Pore Surface Porosityb Thickness Flow Ratec PermeabUityd Film Diameter6 (μ) (pores/cm2) (μ) (ml/min/cm2) KH W10 )| [0079] Film 0.2 - 0.4 3.5 lO8 ± O. l x lO8 185 ± 3 2.03 + 0.21 10 (0.27)e composite| [0080] Nucleopore 0.2 3 x 108 + 0.03 x 108 10 + 0.1 17 + 0.9 4 standard| [0081] Nucleopore 0.4 1 x 108 ± 0.01 x 108 10 ± 0.1 62 ± 3.3 15 standard| [0082] Nytran8 "open weave Nf 180 + 3 24 ± 0.6 105 (0.2 μ)| [0083] * The surface porosity of Nytran (0.2 μ pore size) is not relevant (NR) because of the "open weave" structure of the surface. b Surface porosity and pore diameter were measured directly from scanning electron micrographs. c Flow rate of pre-filtered distilled deionized water was measured at four 0.09 cm2 sites in five| [0084] Films from separate lots. d A permeability constant (K in cm2) was determined from the Darcy equation K= q x u x Lwhere q = flow rate (cm3 / sec), u= viscosity, taken as 1.0 (dyne sec / cm2 ), L= thickness (cm),| [0085] ΔP = pressure (dynes / cm2), A = surface area (cm2). e Permeability calculated as a single uniform resistance (10cm2) and as R^,,- RNvtran (0.27 cm2)| [0086] Table 1 also shows the permeabUity of laminate composite films to water under positive pressure. At 10 psi, the rate of water flow through laminate films was approximately 2 ml/min cm2,an average of 19 times slower than through Nucleopore films of the same surface porosity, with etched pores of the same diameter (0.2 μ-0.4 μ). The rate of water flow through composite films was approximately 10 times slower tiiaή through the nylon support filter alone (Table 1), suggesting that the nitrocellulose thin film component of the composite determined permeabUity of the composite.| [0087] PermeabiUty of composite films was within the range estabUshed for Nucleopore standards of the same pore size and porosity (Table 1). However, since the 10 μ thick nitrocellulose component of the 185 μ thick composite film actuaUy determined flow rate through the entire composite, we could calculate from the Darcy equation, which relates thickness to flow rate and permeabUity, that the cast nitrocellulose film was actually 15 to 55 times less permeable (more tortuous) than the etched Nucleopore films of the same thickness with regular cyUndrical pores.| [0088] EXAMPLE 7 Formation Of Pores In Specimen By LyophUization Lyophilization created pores in cryostat tissue specimens which were readily visible at the tissue surface in scanning electron micrographs. Table 2 shows representative effects of lyophUization on the size and density of pores at the surface of tissue sections. Data obtained from studies of three breast tumor specimens are summarized in Table 2. Both freezing and vacuum drying were necessary for pore formation, suggesting that pores were formed by sublimation of crystalline ice. Requirement for ice crystals in pore formation was also demonstrated by the absence of pores in vitrified (in 30% sucrose) specimens (data not shown).| [0089] The porosity of tissue was sensitive to the temperature at which thaw-mounted cryostat specimens were re-frozen for lyophUization. Mean pore diameter increased about 4 times, from an average of 0.392 μ to an average of 1.6 μ, as freezing temperature was raised from -70°C to -30°C, suggesting that pore size was a function of the re-freezing rate of ice in the specimen which determined the size of ice crystals.| [0090] The percent of tissue surface which comprised pores (porosity) also increased with pore size and re-freezing temperature, from a minimum of 30% at -70° C to a maximum of 65% at - 30°C. The distribution of pores was relatively homogeneous within specimens re-frozen at -30°C and -40°C, whereas at -70°C, there were areas of specimen with no visible pores. Specimens re- frozen at -20°C were relatively poreless, with clusters of a few large vacuole-Uke pores, and appeared more "congealed," suggesting that the tissue may have collapsed due to formation of excessively large pores and involvement of too much of the tissue matrix.| [0091] The variation in pore size and surface porosity was greatest at a refreezing temperature of -30°C (Table 2), which approximates the eutectic freezing temperature of tissue. Surface involvement was more homogeneous in specimens refrozen at -40°C, where pore density at the porous tissue surface was determined to be 0.6 X 108 (Table 2), approximately 5-fold lower than the surface porosity of composite films.Table 2 Effect of re-freezing temperature of lyophilization on tissue porosity and Her-2 signal precision.| [0092] Refreezing Pore Tissue Porosity Her-2 Signal| [0093] Temperature ( 0O Diameter (μ) % (pores / cm) Precision"| [0094] NP (vacuum dry) - 0 + +| [0095] -70 0.392 ± 0.163 30 - 40 + + + +| [0096] -40 0.980 + 0.308 43 - 50 + + + +| [0097] (0.6 x iQt 0.1 x lO"8 )| [0098] - 40 (air dry) - 0 +| [0099] - 30 1.6 + 0.899 55 - 65 + + +| [0100] - 20 0.221 + 0.131 5 - 10 + +| [0101] 1 NF = tissue not refrozen Tissue pore diameter and porosity were measured from scanning electron micrographs. Mean and S.D. in pore diameter are given for three separate tumors (2 specimens/tumor). Porosity is expressed as a range in % of specimen surface involved and where statistically meaningful (p<0.05), pore density for the same specimens. c Precision of color signal at carcinoma ceU membranes is expressed in a scale of 1 + to 4+ , where 1 + is 10% of cells and 4+ is 90% of cells with coherent membrane signal (2+ = > 10% < 50% , 3+ = > 50% < 90%). Determinations are from five, 250X microscope fields in paired sections from 3 breast cancers.| [0102] EXAMPLE 8 Effect Of Pores on Cell Morphology and Her-2/neu signal precision at cell membranes| [0103] Pores formed by lyophitization at freezing temperatures of -70°C and -40°C were not readily visible in specimens observed at 400 X after chemical fixation and staining. Furthermore, neither the presence of pores in the range of 1 μ (diameter) or less, nor the process of forming those pores, created anatomical artifacts that impaired cytology. Major cell types could readily be differentiated, including glandular epitheUal, myoepithehal, endotheUal and lymphoid in lyophUized breast cancer tissue re-frozen at -70°C and -40°C. Major breast cancer growth patterns could also be differentiated, including papUlary, cribiform and comedo. Mitotic figures were readUy discernable in lyophUized specimens re-frozen at -70 °C and -40° C. At higher freezing temperatures (-30°C and -20°C), vacuoles were readily visible in fixed and stained specimens examined at 250 X. Cell matrices and mitotic figures were indistinct at these freezing temperatures. Spaces between cells were observed in specimens whether frozen or not. These spaces were artifacts related to the stretching of film during dehydration and not to the formation of pores.| [0104] The formation of pores in the specimen of 1 μ diameter or less did not reduce precision of Her-2 signal at cell membranes (Table 2). Signal was actually more precise in porous lyophiUzed specimens which had been re-frozen at -70 °C and -40 °C than in non-porous specimens which hadbeen vacuum dried rather than lyophilized. Signal precision was reduced in lyophUized specimens which had been frozen at -30 °C and -20° C, heavUy vacuolated specimens which were morphologically indistinct. The virtual loss of Her-2 signal at carcinoma ceU membranes in specimens which had been frozen at -40 °C and air dried (Table 2), was presumably the result of antigen diffusion within the porous film matrix because specimens were not fixed before Her-2 assay.| [0105] Flow rate through tissue was directly related to it's porosity; air-dried tissue with no pores was essentiaUy impermeable to TPBS at 10 psi, and flow-rate through lyophUized tissue pre- frozen at -70°C was 0.6 ml/min/cm2. Assay sensitivity was not affected by filtration, which indicates that the velocity of per fusion-based washing did not create sufficient shear force to displace specificaUy bound antibody. Likewise, filtration at 10 psi pressure did not affect the precision of Her-2 signal at cell membranes or ceU morphology in tissue that was also examined at 400 X.| [0106] EXAMPLE 9| [0107] Perfusion Based Washing More Efficient| [0108] The time required to remove non-specificaUy bound primary antibody from tissue to background levels (washing efficiency) was reduced by a factor of 15 using perfusion washing of porous lyophUized specimens compared to conventional diffusion-based washing of non-porous specimens (FIG. 10). One minute perfusing lyophilized tissue with TPBS at 10 psi was required to reduce non-specific antibody content to background levels. By one minute of diffusion-based washing, backgrounds were reduced erratically in specimens by an average of only 40 % . At one minute of perfusion-based washing, only 1.9 ml TPBS was used, in contrast to 250 ml used for diffusion washing. Finding that non-specific (EGFR) antibody content of lyophilized tissue was reduced to a consistent background at multiple sites in perfused specimens suggested that the entire porous matrix of the specimen was permeable to TPBS under the conditions of filtration shown. The filtration loading capacity of specimens on composite films was established using purified BSA pre-filtered through 0.2 μ pore size Nucleopore filters. At 10 psi, the flow rate through a specimen on composite film was reduced by 20% after passage of 15 ml BSA (10 mg/ml in TPBS). Flow rate was reduced by 40% after filtering 22 ml. The highly efficient washing of nonspecific antibody from tissue was Ukely related to the abUity of the perfusion process to perfuse in excess of 10* tissue void volumes of buffer in less than one minute. Performing all washes for a single Her-2 assay in perfusion format would reduce assay time by about 45 minutes and save nearly 750 ml of buffer. Magnifications for marker analysis in situ are typicaUy 250-400 X. Spatial resolution at these magnifications is in the 1 μ range, which was also the range in pore diameter that allowed the most efficient perfusion of immunocytochemical reagents through the specimen. Thus at 250 X magnification, pore sizes less than 1 μ were not Ukely visible, and did not change contrast artifacts associated with resolution of ceUular structures in stained specimens. Ice crystal and resultant poresize is inversely related to the rate at which ice re-freezes, hence lower temperatures provide larger diameter pores whUe higher temperatures provide smaller pores. Surface pore diameter and internal pore diameter were virtually identical at a given freezing temperature. At a re-freezing temperature of -40 °C, pore diameter was nearly 1 u, and variation in pore size was only 31 % in multiple areas of three different breast tumors. The internal porosity of these specimens was vertically directional, giving the appearance of vertical "microchannels".| [0109] Although the above examples were performed with a coherent piece of soUd tissue, which provided a stable fabric to lyophilize, sufficiently large pores can be introduced into dispersed cells for perfusion, whtie still maintaining morphological integrity. These large pores aUow the specimen to be made sufficiendy permeable so that the composite film and not the specimen is rate limiting for reagent flowthrough.| [0110] The use of detergent-impregnated Film can contribute to the stabUity of microchannelled tissue. On glass microscope slides, crystalhne (microchanneUed) specimens have increased fragUity. The detergent (such as SDS or SLS) can "weld" the specimen to a mtroceUulose film surface with an exceptionally high surface area for attachment.| [0111] The perfusion technology of the present invention can substantiaUy increase the efficiency of cytochemical assays. A typical colorirnetric immunoassay comprises 8 basic steps involving 4-5 hours (retrieval 15-30 minutes; blocking, 30-60 minutes; primary antibody, 60-90 minutes; wash, 15 minutes; secondary antibody/linker/enzyme, 30-60 minutes; wash 15 minutes; substrate, 30 minutes; wash, 15 minutes). In situ hybridization typically comprises even more steps and longer incubations. However, by percolating reactants into porous tissue under pressure, we anticipate blocking and probe incubations will be completed within one minute. This savings in time wiU be matched by savings in reagent cost, because much smaller volumes of reagents need to be used in the more efficient perfusion assays. Perfusion assays can be performed with microliter volumes of expensive reagents, instead of the liters of reagents that are used in the prior art.| [0112] EXAMPLE 10 Fabrication of Composite Films The composite films 31 (FIG. 1) are manufactured by a process of placing a clean-release adhesive liner over a depth (or other) filter to expose a circular filter area, using the lmer to mask the filter and adhere it to a glass microscope sUde. Affixing the composite film to a microscope slide facUitates tissue mounting and heat transfer during freezing and drying, and the film can be easily removed from the slide for filtering. Composite films are polymer cast onto the exposed filter area. After a quench process to form pores, a detergent was added and dried on the Film.| [0113] The nitrocellulose films can be cast on a variety of microporous support materials, which are shown in Table 3. Nytran was preferred because it has a 0.2 μ pore size (pore size in these depth filters is a measure of particle exclusion limit rather than surface or internal pore size), an exceptionally smooth surface, tough pUabUity, absence of a fibrous core, and chemical properties that promoted nitroceUulose bonding without dissolving in the acetone solvent or pore formers. The0.2 μ pore size was selected over 0.45 μ, because that smaUer pore size provides an optimally smooth surface for polymer casting, whUe sttil preserving adequate flow characteristics.| [0114] Table 3 SUPPORT COMPOSITE| [0115] Material Mfg. Pore Thicknes Flexible Chemical Linear Light Focal Cytol| [0116] Size s (um) Strengt "Melt"4 Distort. Transm6 Uniform Resol (um) rts cellulose S & S1 0.452 160 4- + 19.7 99.7 NT NT nitrate cellulose S & S 0.45 160 4.5 87 NT NT acetate| [0117] Durapore Millipore 0.2 180 + + + NT NT| [0118] (PVDF) +| [0119] Supor Gelman 0.2 120 + + + 0.4 NT NT| [0120] (polysulfone| [0121] Nuclepore Corning/ 0.2 10 + + + buckled 27.0 NT NT| [0122] (PC) Costar| [0123] Nytran S & S 0.2 180 + + + 10 71 100 100 +| [0124] Max s & s 0.2 180 + + + 10 68 100 100| [0125] Strength +| [0126] Nytran| [0127] Glass Whatman 250 + + + 55 44 NT Microfibre| [0128] 1 Schleicher & Schuell| [0129] Minimum particle size excluded as per mfg. Actual pore size is much (at least 10X) greater, There are no defined pores on the surface of 0.2 or 0.45 filters. a relative measure of ease with which composites could be broken or pulled apart by hand, (+ + + +) = very difficult, ( - ) = support fell apart during routine handling. micromelting of support during Oncyte Film casting process prevented uniform gas bubble formation under pressure| [0130] Measured at 50X using an eyepiece micrometer, before and after soaking laminates in 100% isopropanol (IPA),| [0131] % = % linear swelling of composite in IPA| [0132] % light transmitted through xylene-soaked composite at 530nm (relative to glass slide = 100%)| [0133] % of 30 microscope fields (250X) selected at random in which all nuclei of cells in a 2um thin section of hematoxylin-stained tissue affixed to the surface of laminates remained in the same focal plane.| [0134] Ability to resolve secretory ep. and myoep. cells and mitotic figures in 6um sections of hematoxylin-stained tissue affixed to the Oncyte surface of composites (% concordance in paired sections between test surface and glass slides).| [0135] The Nytran that is chosen preferably has light transmittance of at least 60% of glass (i.e. the percent of visible and UV tight that is transmitted though the Nytran should be at least 60% of the same light that would be transmitted through glass of the same thickness). Maximum Strength Nytran (also without internal fiber support), can be equivalent to the Nytran in aU properties shown in Table 3 (including light transmittance). Neither product autofluoresced in ultraviolet light. However, the refractive indices of nylon and nitroceUulose should ideally be identical. Another potential support material is nylon stretched 10% of its length in isopropanol, but this support allows the nitroceUulose film to stretch, which can cause break artifacts in the specimen matrix.| [0136] Other potential porous support materials include porous glass coverslips (0.5 pore size from Corning/Kamperman); etched ceramic filters (0.2 μ pore size from Whatman, Anopore); and regenerated cellulose (0.2 μ pore size from Schleicher & Schuell). The glass, ceramic andregenerated cellulose materials have suitable visible/UV tight transmittance and stretch-resistance. When porous glass or ceramic is used as the support, a silane can be used to covalently bond the nitrocellulose to the glass.| [0137] A suitable poUshed glass material which is 200 μ thick (the approximate thickness of a #1 cover stip), with pores approximately 0.5 μ in diameter, is avaUable from Corning (Vycor| [0138] Brand). Thin (60 μ) ceramic Anopore filters from Whatman are also suitable. The porous support material preferably has at least 60% hght transmittance, no autofluorescence in ultraviolet hght, 100% focal plane uniformity, less than 1 % Unear distortion in 100% isopropanol, and 100% cytologic resolution. EXAMPLE 11| [0139] Lyophilization Parameters Lyophilization of the tissue specimen can be performed under a variety of conditions, with the goal of providing a porous specimen with vertical microchannels through which a liquid can be perfused. This goal can be achieved by a device (such as that shown in FIG. 9) which freezes the specimens a rate greater than 5°C/sec (for example 20°C/sec to 100°C/sec or more), under weU regulated vacuum and temperature control. A 1: 1 ratio between drying surface area and condenser surface area is adequate for optimum condenser efficiency.| [0140] Precise control of temperature maximizes vapor pressure and controls ice recrystaUzation rates. SimUarly, rapid chamber evacuation provides optimum crystal size and directionality during primary drying. The drying cycle is initiated when a crystaUine state is achieved by cooUng to -70 °C (with Uquid nitrogen) and in a low pressure environment, providing a vapor pressure differential at the specimen. The vapor pressure differential and vapor flow conditions in the instrument wUl be sufficient to sublime specimen ice (70-500 μ ) in approximately one minute at -40°C. EXAMPLE 12| [0141] Use of Detergent and Excipient In disclosed embodiments, composite films were soaked in an excipient containing 75% tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), 5 % sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), 1 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 1 % polyethylene glycol (PEG), 10% gelatin, and 1 % Tween-20. The composite films may also be soaked in a detergent such as SLS or SDS, which was then dried on the surfaces of the composite films. The detergent plasticized the film, welded the specimen to film, extracted weakly (non- covalently) bound membrane proteins, and enhanced vertical water/solute transfer to film through capUlary action. The detergent also apparently Unproved the uniformity of solute water distribution (ice nucleation sites) within specimen. The detergent is also beheved to normalize (by lowering) the eutectic freezing temperature, and may also chemically help to form pores in specimen.| [0142] The addition of an excipient (such as 75 % t-butyl-alcohol) to the tissue specimen prior to lyophUization also helps improve uniform distribution of water in the specimen, enhances nucleation of ice, normalizes the eutectic temperature and refreezing rate of ice in specimens that are otherwise intrinsicaUy heterogeneous with respect to these properties, and helps preserve the structural stabUityof porous specimens and labUe analytes in the dried state. The excipient is beUeved to normalize the eutectic temperature (to about -38°C) by imposing its own water content and solvent distribution on the specimen, which is greater than the inherent water concentration of the specimen.| [0143] EXAMPLE 13 Hybridization| [0144] The hybridization assay we employ is essentiaUy that of Lawrence and Singer, Nucleic Acids Res. 13: 1777-1799, 1985, using a full length cDNA and hybridization at 42°C in 50% formamide, except that digoxygenin-labeled cDNA is employed and hybridization is detected using FITC -labeled anti-digoxygenin antibody. The composite film assay format also differs from the glass slide format in that the protease digestion step is omitted as unnecessary for lyophiUzed specimens. Data are obtained using a Bio-Rad Image Analyzer, and expressed as % reactive ceUs (the target is diffusely cytoplasmic at 250-400 X), with variation determined using a Factorial Anova with nested components.| [0145] EXAMPLE 14 Quantifying Immunocytochemical Results| [0146] The intensity of a colorirnetric signal can be quantitated, in accordance with known methods. A photomicrograph of the specimen can be obtained, and the images digitized. A pixel intensity scan is taken along a computer generated line between markers on the digital image, and the intensity of pixels determined along that line. The maximum pixel intensity is an indication of the concentration of the probe (such as a monoclonal antibody) that has hybridized to the tissue. The intensity of this signal can in turn be correlated with the concentration of the protein of interest in the tissue.| [0147] Pathology specimens that are suitable for immunohistochemical analysis include ceUs that express labile proteins and mRNA markers (for example Her-2, PgR, EMA, A blood group, and b- actin), from any type of animal or plant tissue. The specimen thickness may vary widely, for example from 1 μ to 100 μ (although specimens may be outside this and other ranges given in the specification).| [0148] The thickness of the composite film (Nytran and nitrocellulose) can also have a variety of range of thicknesses, as long as the thickness does not interfere with imaging and stain backgrounds. A thickness of less than 200 μ (for example 185 μ or less) is an example of a suitable thickness. Perfusion flow rates can also vary widely, but are optimally as fast as possible without compromising the specimen structure, for example 0.5 ml/min/cm2 to 5 ml/min/cm2. Perfusion pressure is optimaUy less than 30 psi.| [0149] A range of exemplary lyophiUzation temperatures is -20°C to -70°C, at a lyophUization pressure of 200 millitorr to 70 miUitorr.| [0150] Having Ulustrated and described the principles of the invention in several different embodiments, it should be apparent to those sktiled in the art that the invention can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. We claim all modifications coming within the spirit and scope of the following claims. | Family Number|(1445437)|1445437|Advantages / Prev. Drawbacks|(IN2007CH01091 A)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(IN-243996 B)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(IN1997CH02755 A)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|Independent Claims|(IN2007CH01091 A)|1. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean with a first nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form that does not (...) | | Measurement|Other special machines | G01N-001/31/2|G01N-001/42 | G01N-001/31/2|G01N-001/42 | A01K-061/00|G01N-001/31|G01N-001/42 | A01K-061/00|G01N-001/31|G01N-001/42|G01N-033/567 | EP2931311;EP2931311|WO201493206|EP1174702|EP2507640;EP2507640|WO201167221|EP1171761;EP1171761;EP1171761|WO200063670|EP1470407;EP1470407|WO200365014|US20160282241|US20110129863|US10365190|US9254484|CN102741697B|EP2507640;EP2507640|GB2486946;GB2486946|JP2013513097|US8685749|US8779312|US8283158|US8173068|US7297497|US7838222|US7318913|US7384742|US7435582|US6969615|US6921637|US6602661|US7214477|EP1171761;EP1171761;EP1171761|US6673620|WO200063670 | EP2931311 66329511 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO201493206 66329511 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|EP1174702 14786146 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|EP2507640 4204840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|WO201167221 4204840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|EP1171761 956747 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|WO200063670 956747 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|EP1470407 870601 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO200365014 870601 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20160282241 4204840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20110129863 4204840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US10365190 4204840 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US9254484 4204840 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|CN102741697B 4204840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|EP2507640 4204840 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|GB2486946 4204840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2013513097 4204840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8685749 4204840 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US8779312 70906159 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US8283158 1731235 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US8173068 956747 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US7297497 76134960 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US7838222 99041022 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US7318913 956747 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US7384742 76134960 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US7435582 870601 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6969615 59982886 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6921637 967158 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6602661 780274 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US7214477 780274 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|EP1171761 956747 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6673620 956747 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO200063670 956747 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | WO9304193|US4894157|US4681853|US5039493 | WO9304193 1312717 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US4894157 42654765 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US4681853 12856693 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US5039493 42712088 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | ||WO9304193; US4894157; US4681853; US5039493| | (WO98/20353)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-BIOTECHNIQUES, Volume 11, No. 3, issued 1991, McGRATH et al., "Cytometrically Coherent Transfer of Receptor Proteins on Microporous Membranes", pages 352-4, 356, 358-61.|||| | EXPIRED | (WO98/20353)|LAPSED|(IN243996)|EXPIRED|(IN1091/CHE/2007)|LAPSED|(AU5427398)|LAPSED | DEAD | (WO98/20353)|DEAD|(IN243996)|DEAD|(IN1091/CHE/2007)|DEAD|(AU5427398)|DEAD | (WO98/20353)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO98/20353|Actual or expected expiration date=2000-05-01|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=1997-10-31|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOUS9719871|Application date=1997-10-31|Standardized application number=1997WO-US19871|Event publication date=1998-05-14|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO9820353|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=1998-05-14|Standardized publication number=WO9820353|Event publication date=1998-05-14|Event code=WO/AL|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Designated states|Designated countries for regional patents|Designated contracting states=GH KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL|Event publication date=1998-05-14|Event code=WO/AK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Designated states|Designated states|Designated contracting states=AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW|Event publication date=1998-07-30|Event code=WO/DFPE|Event group=Examination events|Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)|Event publication date=2000-05-01|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR AU5427398|Actual or expected expiration date=2003-05-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=AU Corresponding appl: AU5427398|Application date in the designated or member state=1997-10-31|Application number in the designated or member state=1998AU-0054273|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=AU Corresponding pat: AU5427398|Publication stage code in the designated or member state=A|Publication date in the designated or member state=1998-05-29|Publication number in the designated or member state=AU9854273|Event publication date=1998-05-29|Event code=AU/STCHG|Patent Status changed by the national office|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=AU|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=1999-09-02|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=1999-09-02|Event code=WO/REG|Event code=DE/8642|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Non-entry into national phase Event indicating Not In Force|Reference to a national code|Procedure relating to PCT application: ceased to have effect for DE|Verfahren zur PCT-anmeldung: wirkung fuer de weggefallen|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2000-04-26|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=1998-09-30|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2000-04-26|Event code=WO/122|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|EP: PCT app. not ent. europ. phase|EP: PCT anmeldung nicht in europaeische phase eingetreten|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR JP|Actual or expected expiration date=1999-06-04|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=JP Corresponding appl: JP1998521617|Event publication date=1999-06-04|Event code=WO/NENP|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Non-entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=JP|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR US|Actual or expected expiration date=2017-10-31|Legal state=DEAD|Status=EXPIRED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=US Corresponding appl: US09297437|Event publication date=1999-04-30|Event code=WO/WWE|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Entry into national phase|Wipo information: entry into national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=US|(IN243996)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR IN243996|Actual or expected expiration date=2017-12-02|Legal state=DEAD|Status=EXPIRED|Event publication date=1997-12-02|Event code=IN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=IN IN2755/MAS/1997|Application date=1997-12-02|Standardized application number=1997IN-CH02755|Event publication date=2009-07-17|Event code=IN/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application laid open|Publication country=IN|Publication number=IN2755/MAS/1997|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2009-07-17|Standardized publication number=IN1997CH02755|Event publication date=2010-11-19|Event code=IN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patent|Publication country=IN|Publication number=IN243996|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2010-11-19|Standardized publication number=IN-243996|Event publication date=2017-12-02|Event code=IN/EEDX|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent has expired|(IN1091/CHE/2007)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR IN1091/CHE/2007|Actual or expected expiration date=2018-12-05|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2007-05-24|Event code=IN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=IN IN1091/CHE/2007|Application date=2007-05-24|Standardized application number=2007IN-CH01091|Event publication date=2008-12-05|Event code=IN/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application laid open|Publication country=IN|Publication number=IN1091/CHE/2007|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2008-12-05|Standardized publication number=IN2007CH01091|Event publication date=2018-12-05|Event code=IN/EEDL|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Pending application likely abandoned|(AU5427398)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR AU5427398|Actual or expected expiration date=2003-05-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=1997-10-31|Event code=AU/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=AU AU5427398|Application date=1997-10-31|Standardized application number=1998AU-0054273|Event publication date=1998-05-29|Event code=AU/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Open to public inspection|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU5427398|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=1998-05-29|Standardized publication number=AU9854273|Event publication date=2003-05-29|Event code=AU/EEDL|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Pending application likely abandoned | (WO98/20353)|ARIPO: GH, SD, UG, LS, SZ, KE, MW, ZW|(WO98/20353)|EPO: DE, BE, FI, CH, DK, LU, GR, IT, FR, ES, AT, MC, GB, IE, NL|(WO98/20353)|National States: TT, DE, PT, LR, DK, LS, LT, LU, LV, UA, HU, UG, MD, MG, YU, MK, US, EE, MN, IL, UZ, IS, MW, AL, MX, AM, ES, AT, AU, VN, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, NO, FI, RU, BG, JP, NZ, BR, SD, SE, SG, SI, BY, SK, SL, KE, GB, KG, CA, GE, GH, CH, KP, KR, CN, KZ, CU, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, PL, TR, LK | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=nen+PAJ6ji72sYjqR1z3wqCa4vFyxJplNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=WO9820353&ekey=1163&xpn=WO9820353&kind=A1 | http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1998020353&redirectedID=true | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=%252BtQmrkdU%252FDKeccOAsqvWAnfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (IN1091/CHE/2007)|US|(IN243996)|US|(IN2755/MAS/1997)|US|(WO98/20353)|US | (IN1091/CHE/2007)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR , COUNTRY=US|(IN243996)|NAME=Markels Michael (I) , COUNTRY=US|(IN2755/MAS/1997)|NAME=Markels Michael (I) , COUNTRY=US|(WO98/20353)|NAME=GRACE BIO-LABS, INC. [US / US] Deschutes Business Center Suite D-2 20354 Empire Avenue Bend, OR 97701 , COUNTRY=US | (WO98/20353)|US | (WO98/20353)|NAME=NOONAN, William, D. Klarquist, Sparkman, Campbell, Leigh & Whinston, L LP; One World Trade Center, Suite 1600; 121 S.W. Salmon Street; Portland, OR 97204 , COUNTRY=US | (WO98/20353)|US; US|||(IN1091/CHE/2007)|US| | (WO98/20353)|NAME=MCGRATH, Charles, M. [US / US] 117204 Paulina Highway Prineville, OR 97754, COUNTRY=US |NAME=GRUDZIEN, Jennipher, L. [US / US] 440 Brocker Road Metamora, MI 48555, COUNTRY=US|(IN243996)|NAME=Markels Michael|(IN2755/MAS/1997)|NAME=Markels Michael|(IN1091/CHE/2007)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR, COUNTRY=US|(AU5427398)|NAME=CHARLES M. MCGRATH|NAME=JENNIPHER L GRUDZIEN | Titre: (WO98/20353)|Cytoperfusion of tissue specimens Résumé: (WO98/20353)|A tissue specimen (32) is placed on a composite support (20) of nitrocellulose (30) and porous nylon (19) and lyophilized to produce vertical microchannels through the specimen (32). Liquid immunocytological reagents are then perfused through the porous specimen (32) and support (20), providing intimate contact of specimen (32) and reagents. | 5.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article is focused on tissue specimens and immunocytology, with no mention of ocean fertilization, phytoplankton, or carbon sequestration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | US60/033,018P|US08/950,418|US09/304,063|US09/521,895|US09/761,680|US09/982,197|US10/228,240 | US10/228,240|US09/982,197|PE2001000092|US09/761,680|US09/521,895 | US20030012691|US6440367|US6408792|US20020023593|PE20011195|US20010002983|US6200530 | 35674732 | US20030012691 A1 2003-01-16 [US20030012691]|US6408792 B2 2002-06-25 [US6408792]|US20020023593 A1 2002-02-28 [US20020023593]|PE20011195 A1 2001-11-16 [PE200101195]|US6440367 B2 2002-08-27 [US6440367]|US20010002983 A1 2001-06-07 [US20010002983]|US6200530 B1 2001-03-13 [US6200530] | 1996-12-17|1997-10-24|1999-05-04|2000-03-09|2001-01-18|2001-10-19|2002-08-26 | 2002-08-26|2001-10-19|2001-01-26|2001-01-18|2000-03-09 | 2003-01-16|2002-08-27|2002-06-25|2002-02-28|2001-11-16|2001-06-07|2001-03-13 | (US6440367)|2002-08-27|(US6408792)|2002-06-25|(US6200530)|2001-03-13|| | (US6440367)|2010-09-27|(US6408792)|2014-07-18|(US6200530)|2013-04-08|(US20030012691)|2004-04-26|(PE20011195)|2010-08-24 | (US6440367)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide with a fertilizer comprising chelated iron | (US6440367)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprises testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area in a spiral pattern a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The fertilizer preferably comprises an iron chelate that prevents the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably includes applying a fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate. | GREENSEA VENTURE | (US6440367)|GreenSea Venture, Inc. ([US])|(US20010002983)|MARKELS MICHAEL|(US6408792)|MARKELS, JR. MICHAEL|(US20020023593)|MARKELS MICHAEL|(US6200530)|MARKELS, JR. MICHAEL|(US20030012691)|MARKELS MICHAEL|(PE20011195)|GREENSEA VENTURE, INC | MARKELS JR MICHAEL | (US6440367)|Markels, Jr. Michael|(US20010002983)|Markels Michael | (US6440367)|St. Onge, Steward, Johnston & Reens, LLC|(US6408792)|Bacon & Thomas, PLLC|(US6200530)|Bacon & Thomas, PLLC|(US20030012691)|ST. ONGE STEWARD JOHNSTON & REENS, LLC ([US]) | (US6440367)|The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide.|Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits.|It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large.|This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest.| | (US6440367)|1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient; and (2) applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and (3) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area.|8. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following step: applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate to an area of said deep open ocean.|15. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient; and (2) applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and (3) limiting zooplankton and fish growth in said area by applying said first fertilizer in pulses; and (4) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area.|16. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following step: applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate to an area of said deep open ocean; and limiting zooplankton and fish growth in said area by applying said first fertilizer in pulses.|17. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient; and (2) applying in a spiral pattern to said area a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and (3) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area.|18. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in an ocean comprising the following step: applying in a spiral pattern a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate to an area of the surface of an ocean.|19. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient; (2) applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate, wherein said iron chelate is selected from the group consisting of lignin and lignin acid sulfonate, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and (3) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area.| | (US6440367)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprises testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area in a spiral pattern a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The fertilizer preferably comprises an iron chelate that prevents the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably includes applying a fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.| | (US6440367)|FERTILIZER(100,59)|METHANEDIONE(100,53)|SEA(100,17)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(100,12)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(100,12)|DEEP OCEAN(100,4)|IRON CHELATION(100,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(57,8)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(37,6)|IRON CHELATE(35,17)|POLITICAL UNREST(32,1)|LIMITING ZOOPLANKTON(29,2)|NUTRIENT(24,17)|FISH GROWTH(24,3)|FERTILIZATION(23,22)|LIGNIN ACID(23,6)|SPIRAL PATTERN(23,6)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(22,1)|CHELATE(19,7)|LIGNIN(16,6)|SEQUESTRATION(11,2)|FERTILIZER PATCH(9,7)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(9,1)|SUNLIGHT(7,5)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(7,4)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(7,3)|PHOTIC ZONE(6,8)|CO2(6,3)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(6,3)|LIFE SPAN(6,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(6,1)|OPTICAL MEDIUM(5,5)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(5,2)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(5,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(5,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(4,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(4,1)|THERMOCLINE(3,5)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(3,2)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(3,2)|BARREN DESERT(3,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(3,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(3,1)|FERTILIZATION SPIRAL PATTERN(3,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(3,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(3,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(3,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(3,1)|PELLETIZED FERTILIZER(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(3,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(3,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(3,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(2,7)|BIOMASS(2,3)|REPORTING(2,3)|ANOXIC CONDITION(2,2)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(2,2)|EXPERIMENT(2,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(2,2)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(2,2)|MICROORGANISM(2,2)|NATURAL SINK(2,2)|SUITABILITY(2,2)|BLOOM DOT(2,1)|BLOOM INTERIOR(2,1)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(2,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(2,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(2,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(2,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(2,1)|FISH BLOOM(2,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(2,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(2,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(2,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(2,1)|MILKY GREEN(2,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(2,1)|POWDERED FERTILIZER(2,1)|POWER SOURCE(2,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(2,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(2,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(2,1)|RIO TREATY(2,1)|SEA FLOOR(2,1)|SHALLOW BAY(2,1)|SHIP DISPERSING LIQUID FERTILIZER(2,1)|VERDANT ZONE(2,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(1,5)|TREE(1,2)|WEATHER(1,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(1,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(1,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(1,1)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(1,1)|CORAL REEF(1,1)|COST ESTIMATION(1,1)|DEBIT(1,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(1,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(1,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(1,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(1,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(1,1)|NUTRIENT OVER TIME(1,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(1,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(1,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(1,1)||(US20010002983)|FERTILIZER(100,53)|METHANEDIONE(100,47)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(100,6)|IRON CHELATION(100,1)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(99,11)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(39,6)|POLITICAL UNREST(39,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(38,5)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(27,1)|CHELATE(26,9)|LIGNIN ACID(25,6)|IRON CHELATE(23,9)|FERTILIZATION(17,19)|LIGNIN(17,6)|NUTRIENT(16,14)|SPIRAL PATTERN(14,4)|SEQUESTRATION(13,2)|FERTILIZER PATCH(11,7)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(11,1)|SEA(10,16)|SUNLIGHT(9,5)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(9,3)|PHOTIC ZONE(8,8)|OPTICAL MEDIUM(8,7)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(8,4)|CO2(7,3)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(7,3)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(7,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(7,1)|LIFE SPAN(7,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(7,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(6,2)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(5,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(5,1)|THERMOCLINE(4,5)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(4,2)|BARREN DESERT(4,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(4,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(4,1)|FERTILIZATION SPIRAL PATTERN(4,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(4,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(4,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(4,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(4,1)|PELLETIZED FERTILIZER(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(4,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(4,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(4,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(3,7)|BIOMASS(3,3)|REPORTING(3,3)|ANOXIC CONDITION(3,2)|NATURAL SINK(3,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(3,2)|BLOOM DOT(3,1)|BLOOM INTERIOR(3,1)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(3,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(3,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(3,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(3,1)|FISH BLOOM(3,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(3,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(3,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(3,1)|MILKY GREEN(3,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(3,1)|POWDERED FERTILIZER(3,1)|POWER SOURCE(3,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(3,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(3,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(3,1)|RIO TREATY(3,1)|SEA FLOOR(3,1)|SHALLOW BAY(3,1)|SHIP DISPERSING LIQUID FERTILIZER(3,1)|VERDANT ZONE(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,5)|DEEP OCEAN(2,3)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(2,2)|EXPERIMENT(2,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(2,2)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(2,2)|MICROORGANISM(2,2)|SUITABILITY(2,2)|TREE(2,2)|WEATHER(2,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(2,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(2,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(2,1)|FISH GROWTH(2,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(2,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(2,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(2,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(2,1)|NUTRIENT OVER TIME(2,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(2,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(2,1)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(1,1)|CORAL REEF(1,1)||(US6408792)|FERTILIZER(100,48)|SEA(100,29)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,21)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,18)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,6)|BARREN OCEAN(100,2)|IRON CHELATION(100,1)|INDIGENOUS FISH POPULATION(70,1)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(55,1)|FISH SPECIES(51,3)|NUTRIENT(49,20)|PHYTOPLANKTON(44,13)|MICROORGANISM(42,6)|SEA FERTILIZATION(37,4)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(37,3)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(34,3)|IRON CHELATE(30,5)|FERTILIZATION(27,22)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(20,3)|FISHING(20,2)|ZOOPLANKTON(20,2)|PROSPER(20,1)|EDDY(19,1)|STORM(19,1)|SWIRL(19,1)|TIDE(18,1)|FERTILIZER PELLET(17,7)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(17,1)|GULF STREAM(16,9)|COAST(15,4)|LARGE FISH(15,1)|BINDER(14,4)|MINERAL(14,4)|PHOTIC ZONE(13,7)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(13,4)|FISH(13,3)|INCREASING PLANT LIFE(13,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(12,4)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(12,2)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(12,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(12,1)|WAX(11,4)|FILTER FEEDER(11,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(10,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(10,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(9,4)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(9,1)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|VERDANT ZONE(8,2)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(8,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(8,1)|SEEDED FISH STOCK HARVESTING(8,1)|SEAWATER(7,7)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|COUNTRY COAST(7,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(7,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(7,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(7,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(7,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(7,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(7,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(7,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(7,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(7,1)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(6,2)|IRON LIGNIN(6,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(6,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|ISLAND STATE(6,1)|OCEAN FARMING(6,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(6,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(6,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(6,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(5,2)|SEA PLANT LIFE(5,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(5,1)|COMPANION BOAT(5,1)|EAST COAST(5,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(5,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(5,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(5,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(5,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(5,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(5,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(5,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(5,1)|WEST COAST(5,1)|ANCESTOR(4,3)|ATLANTIC(4,2)|BIOMASS(4,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(4,2)|PACIFIC COAST(4,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(4,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(4,2)|WATER STATE(4,2)|CERAMIC BALLOON(4,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(4,1)|EARLY HISTORY(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(4,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|OCEAN REST(4,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(4,1)|JOB(3,3)|MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE(3,3)|SHIP(3,3)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(3,1)|CHANGING SEASON(3,1)|EGG MASS(3,1)|ENCROACHMENT(3,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(3,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(3,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(3,1)|GRASS(3,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(3,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(3,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(3,1)|ANCHOVETTA(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(2,1)|BROADCAST(2,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(2,1)|CONTROVERSY(2,1)|COW(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(2,1)|DROUGHT(2,1)|ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETICACID(2,1)|FISH CATCH(2,1)|FISHERMAN(2,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(2,1)||(US20020023593)|FERTILIZER(100,48)|SEA(100,29)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,21)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,18)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,6)|BARREN OCEAN(100,2)|IRON CHELATION(100,1)|INDIGENOUS FISH POPULATION(70,1)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(55,1)|FISH SPECIES(51,3)|NUTRIENT(49,20)|PHYTOPLANKTON(44,13)|MICROORGANISM(42,6)|SEA FERTILIZATION(37,4)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(37,3)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(34,3)|IRON CHELATE(30,5)|FERTILIZATION(27,22)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(20,3)|FISHING(20,2)|ZOOPLANKTON(20,2)|PROSPER(20,1)|EDDY(19,1)|STORM(19,1)|SWIRL(19,1)|TIDE(18,1)|FERTILIZER PELLET(17,7)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(17,1)|GULF STREAM(16,9)|COAST(15,4)|LARGE FISH(15,1)|BINDER(14,4)|MINERAL(14,4)|PHOTIC ZONE(13,7)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(13,4)|FISH(13,3)|INCREASING PLANT LIFE(13,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(12,4)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(12,2)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(12,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(12,1)|WAX(11,4)|FILTER FEEDER(11,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(10,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(10,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(9,4)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(9,1)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|VERDANT ZONE(8,2)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(8,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(8,1)|SEEDED FISH STOCK HARVESTING(8,1)|SEAWATER(7,7)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|COUNTRY COAST(7,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(7,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(7,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(7,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(7,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(7,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(7,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(7,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(7,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(7,1)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(6,2)|IRON LIGNIN(6,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(6,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|ISLAND STATE(6,1)|OCEAN FARMING(6,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(6,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(6,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(6,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(5,2)|SEA PLANT LIFE(5,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(5,1)|COMPANION BOAT(5,1)|EAST COAST(5,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(5,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(5,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(5,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(5,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(5,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(5,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(5,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(5,1)|WEST COAST(5,1)|ANCESTOR(4,3)|ATLANTIC(4,2)|BIOMASS(4,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(4,2)|PACIFIC COAST(4,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(4,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(4,2)|WATER STATE(4,2)|CERAMIC BALLOON(4,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(4,1)|EARLY HISTORY(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(4,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|OCEAN REST(4,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(4,1)|MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE(3,3)|SHIP(3,3)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(3,1)|CHANGING SEASON(3,1)|EGG MASS(3,1)|ENCROACHMENT(3,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(3,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(3,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(3,1)|GRASS(3,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(3,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(3,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(3,1)|ANCHOVETTA(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(2,1)|BROADCAST(2,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(2,1)|CONTROVERSY(2,1)|COW(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(2,1)|DROUGHT(2,1)|ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETICACID(2,1)|FISH CATCH(2,1)|FISHERMAN(2,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(2,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(2,1)|HATCHERY(2,1)||(US6200530)|METHANEDIONE(100,46)|SEA(100,18)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(100,5)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(100,3)|SPIRAL FERTILIZATION(100,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(99,7)|FERTILIZER(80,59)|FERTILIZER PATCH(69,10)|POLITICAL UNREST(65,1)|SPIRAL PATTERN(57,7)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(44,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(38,3)|DIFFUSION COEFFECIENT(35,1)|NUTRIENT(27,14)|FERTILIZATION(25,18)|LIMITING ZOOPLANKTON(23,1)|SEQUESTRATION(22,2)|THERMOCLINE(19,7)|DIFFUSION(18,2)|FISH GROWTH(18,2)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(18,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(17,9)|SPIRAL PATTERN RESULT(16,1)|SUNLIGHT(15,5)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(15,3)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(14,4)|IRON CHELATE(13,5)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(13,3)|CO2(12,3)|LIFE SPAN(12,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(12,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(11,2)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(11,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(11,1)|LOCAL APPLICATION DAY(9,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(8,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(8,1)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(7,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(7,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(7,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(7,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(7,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(7,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(7,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(6,2)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(6,2)|FERTILIZATION SPIRAL PATTERN(6,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(6,1)|PELLETIZED FERTILIZER(6,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(5,7)|BIOMASS(5,3)|OPEN OCEAN(5,3)|REPORTING(5,3)|ANOXIC CONDITION(5,2)|NATURAL SINK(5,2)|BLOOM DOT(5,1)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(5,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(5,1)|FISH BLOOM(5,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(5,1)|LOCAL APPLICATION(5,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(5,1)|POWDERED FERTILIZER(5,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(5,1)|RIO TREATY(5,1)|SHALLOW BAY(5,1)|VERDANT ZONE(5,1)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(4,2)|EXPERIMENT(4,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(4,2)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(4,2)|MICROORGANISM(4,2)|OPTICAL MEDIUM(4,2)|SUITABILITY(4,2)|BLOOM INTERIOR(4,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(4,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(4,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(4,1)|MILKY GREEN(4,1)|POWER SOURCE(4,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(4,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(4,1)|SEA FLOOR(4,1)|SHIP DISPERSING LIQUID FERTILIZER(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(3,5)|DEEP OCEAN(3,3)|TREE(3,2)|WEATHER(3,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(3,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(3,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(3,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(3,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(3,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(3,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(3,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(3,1)|NUTRIENT OVER TIME(3,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(3,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(3,1)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(2,1)|CORAL REEF(2,1)|COST ESTIMATION(2,1)||(US20030012691)|FERTILIZER(100,53)|METHANEDIONE(100,47)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(100,6)|IRON CHELATION(100,1)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(99,11)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(39,6)|POLITICAL UNREST(39,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(38,5)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(27,1)|CHELATE(26,9)|LIGNIN ACID(25,6)|IRON CHELATE(23,9)|FERTILIZATION(17,19)|LIGNIN(17,6)|NUTRIENT(16,14)|SPIRAL PATTERN(14,4)|SEQUESTRATION(13,2)|FERTILIZER PATCH(11,7)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(11,1)|SEA(10,16)|SUNLIGHT(9,5)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(9,3)|PHOTIC ZONE(8,8)|OPTICAL MEDIUM(8,7)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(8,4)|CO2(7,3)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(7,3)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(7,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(7,1)|LIFE SPAN(7,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(7,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(6,2)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(5,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(5,1)|THERMOCLINE(4,5)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(4,2)|BARREN DESERT(4,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(4,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(4,1)|FERTILIZATION SPIRAL PATTERN(4,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(4,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(4,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(4,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(4,1)|PELLETIZED FERTILIZER(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(4,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(4,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(4,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(3,7)|BIOMASS(3,3)|REPORTING(3,3)|ANOXIC CONDITION(3,2)|NATURAL SINK(3,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(3,2)|BLOOM DOT(3,1)|BLOOM INTERIOR(3,1)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(3,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(3,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(3,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(3,1)|FISH BLOOM(3,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(3,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(3,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(3,1)|MILKY GREEN(3,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(3,1)|POWDERED FERTILIZER(3,1)|POWER SOURCE(3,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(3,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(3,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(3,1)|RIO TREATY(3,1)|SEA FLOOR(3,1)|SHALLOW BAY(3,1)|SHIP DISPERSING LIQUID FERTILIZER(3,1)|VERDANT ZONE(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,5)|DEEP OCEAN(2,3)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(2,2)|EXPERIMENT(2,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(2,2)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(2,2)|MICROORGANISM(2,2)|SUITABILITY(2,2)|TREE(2,2)|WEATHER(2,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(2,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(2,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(2,1)|FISH GROWTH(2,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(2,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(2,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(2,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(2,1)|NUTRIENT OVER TIME(2,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(2,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(2,1)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(1,1)|CORAL REEF(1,1)| | (US6440367)|I claim: |1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient; and | (2) applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and | (3) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area. |2. The method of claim 1, wherein said chelate comprises lignin.|3. The method of claim 2, wherein said chelate comprises lignin acid sulfonate.|4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the following step:| (4) reporting the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area. |5. The method of claim 4, wherein said reporting further comprises delivering a report of the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide, wherein said report is fixed in a tangible form selected from printing on a substrate, or data stored in magnetic or optical media.|6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the following step:| (4) reporting the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area. |7. The method of claim 6, wherein said reporting further comprises delivering a report of the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide, wherein said report is fixed in a tangible form selected from printing on a substrate, or data stored in magnetic or optical media.|8. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following step:| applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate to an area of said deep open ocean. |9. The method of claim 8, wherein said chelate comprises lignin.|10. The method of claim 9, wherein said chelate comprises lignin acid sulfonate.|11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the following step:| reporting the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said applying a first fertilizer to said area. |12. The method of claim 11, wherein said reporting further comprises delivering a report of the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide, wherein said report is fixed in a tangible form selected from printing on a substrate, or data stored in magnetic or optical media.|13. The method of claim 8, further comprising the following step:| reporting the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said applying a first fertilizer to said area. |14. The method of claim 13, wherein said reporting further comprises delivering a report of the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide, wherein said report is fixed in a tangible form selected from printing on a substrate, or data stored in magnetic or optical media.|15. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient; and | (2) applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and | (3) limiting zooplankton and fish growth in said area by applying said first fertilizer in pulses; and | (4) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area. |16. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following step:| applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate to an area of said deep open ocean; and limiting zooplankton and fish growth in said area by applying said first fertilizer in pulses. |17. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient; and | (2) applying in a spiral pattern to said area a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and | (3) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area. |18. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in an ocean comprising the following step:| applying in a spiral pattern a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate to an area of the surface of an ocean. |19. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep ocean comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient; | (2) applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate, wherein said iron chelate is selected from the group consisting of lignin and lignin acid sulfonate, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and | (3) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area. | (US6440367)|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|[0002] This application claims the benefit of provisional application No. 60/033,018 filed Dec. 17, 1996. This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/521,895 filed Mar. 9, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,530, and a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/304,063 filed May 4, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,919, and a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/950,418 filed Oct. 24, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,087.|(US6440367)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0003] The field of the invention is controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This may have a significant effect on global climate change, including global warming.|[0004] The carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has been increasing. This is based on measurements over the last 40 years or more. There is concern that this increase may result in global climate change, which over time may have an adverse effect on weather, sea level and human survival.|[0005] This concern has lead to the 1992 Rio Treaty and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. These call for significant decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels by the industrial world. If these reductions are put into effect, then serious adverse consequences are expected. The economy of the industrialized world could be significantly, adversely affected. This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest. Moreover, this would not be a solution because it does not permit or require a reversal of the currently increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|[0006] Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere both by the burning of fossil fuels, and by the recycling of plant materials. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by the photosynthesis of plants on land and in the oceans. This removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere may be referred to as a carbon dioxide sink. It is the net flow (releases minus sinks) that has caused the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide level which is of present concern. Without human intervention, the net flow of carbon dioxide into and out of the atmosphere is roughly zero, with the sources and sinks in rough balance. When fossil fuels are burned, only about 60 percent of the released carbon dioxide is subsequently taken out of the atmosphere by natural sinks. The remaining about 40 percent increases the carbon dioxide level of the atmosphere, leading to concern over climate changes.|[0007] The net carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere can be reduced, but not eliminated, by increasing the efficiency of power-producing equipment and by harnessing wind and solar power. Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits. We have been increasing the efficiency of heat engines for over 200 years, and may be approaching the limits of basic thermodynamics. It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large. Moreover, these approaches can only reduce the increase in carbon dioxide concentration, never eliminate the increase. Therefore, these approaches cannot adequately address the concern over the increasing carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere.|[0008] The technology of carbon dioxide sink enhancement is in its infancy. The sequestering of carbon dioxide in geological formations is both beneficial and inexpensive, if the carbon dioxide is relatively concentrated. An example of relatively concentrated carbon dioxide is the off-gas after removal of methane from natural gas containing carbon dioxide. However, there is relatively little carbon dioxide available in such concentrated form. Most carbon dioxide is available in concentrations of from about 10 percent to about 25 percent in exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil fuels. It is quite expensive to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide from about 10 or 25 percent to about 100 percent. The preferable course of action appears to be the use of sunlight and plants to do the concentrating, and subsequently to sequester the resulting plant material in some manner.|[0009] One approach would be to plant trees. However, there is not enough land to plant sufficient trees to zero out the net carbon dioxide production. Even if there were enough land, we would have to find a place to store the resulting wood after about 50 to about 100 years, such that the wood would not rot and release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Thus, this approach would not sequester carbon dioxide for a relatively long period of time.|[0010] The best place to enhance plant growth is in the oceans. Ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is a barren desert with almost no plant life. About sixty percent of the plant life (phytoplankton) in the oceans of the world arises from about only two percent of the surface of the oceans. A reduction in the net flow of carbon dioxide may be achieved, if some of that ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is made as productive as that two percent.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0011] A method of sequestering carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: testing an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability; fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide; and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The testing includes a determination of the diffusion coefficient in the surface of the ocean so that an optimum pattern of fertilization can be designed. The fertilizer preferably comprise an iron chelate that prevents the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. The fertilizing preferably includes a ship dispersing liquid fertilizer in a spiral pattern which starts at the center of the spiral that is marked by a buoy that floats with the current. The method may include the additional step of reporting the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. An area of the surface of an ocean is suitable if both at least one nutrient is missing to a significant extent, and the water is deep. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the metabolism of carbon dioxide is reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. An appropriate amount of a missing nutrient is an amount to raise the concentration of the nutrient at the ocean surface so that the metabolism of carbon dioxide is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of the nutrient. The depth of the water is preferable at least about 5,000 feet (about 1524 meters), more preferably at least about 10,000 feet (about 3048 meters), and most preferably at least about 15,000 feet (about 4572 meters). The fertilizing creates a new verdant zone, preferably in the ocean surface above very deep water. The testing and reporting may be carried out by any of a number of methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The reporting may be carried out in a number of forms. Conventional forms would include printing the report on paper or another substrate, or storing the report in magnetic media or optical media. The report may be in a form required by a governmental authority. Such governmental authority may monitor the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere by a particular person or company. The amount of carbon dioxide released may be a debit on the balance sheet of such person or company. The governmental authority may allow credits on such balance sheet for the amount of carbon dioxide stated in such report as being sequestered.|(US6440367)|DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING|[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a spiral pattern of fertilization according to the invention.|(US6440367)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0013] The testing of an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability for the present method preferably includes a determination of the diffusion coefficient for the surface of the water. This allows for an estimate to be made of the mixing of the fertilizer that will take place over a fixed period of time after the application of the fertilizer. In order to make this estimate, one also needs to know the composition of the fertilizer. In a preferred embodiment, the diffusion coefficient is measured using the same liquid or pelletized fertilizer that will be applied to the surface of the ocean.|[0014] The fertilizing of a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide, preferably includes the application of a pelletized, liquid or powdered fertilizer in a spiral pattern to create a patch of fertilizer. Preferably, the size of the patch of fertilizer is such that the center of the patch is not disturbed by the edges of the patch for at least about twenty days after the fertilizer is applied. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the fertilizer in the center of the patch does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about twenty days after the patch is applied, which may define the minimum size of the patch of fertilizer.|[0015] The size of the patch of fertilizer is also affected by other factors. The vessel that applies the fertilizer may be a ship that is capable of a speed of about 15 to about 18 knots. Multiple vessels may be used. In a preferred embodiment, a single ship applies the patch of fertilizer over a time period of from about 3 to about 4 days. The maximum size of the patch may be affected by the top speed of the vessel, the maximum rate at which the vessel can distribute the fertilizer, and the concentration of the nutrients in the fertilizer. Preferably, a liquid fertilizer is used which may allow the rate at which the fertilizer is pumped into the ocean to be more precisely controlled in relation to the speed of the vessel.|[0016] FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a preferred pattern of application of the fertilizer. The center 1 of the spiral may be defined by the placement of a floating buoy. The buoy may be carried by the current. Thus, the latitude and longitude of the center of the spiral may vary as the fertilizer is applied. The vessel may begin applying the fertilizer at the center 1 of the spiral, and continue application of the fertilizer in the spiral pattern as shown by line 8 which ends at point 9. The fertilizer is applied such that the concentration of the fertilizer in the surface of the ocean does not vary by more than about 50% between the arms of the spiral within from about one to about two days after the fertilizer is applied. A radius is shown in broken line connecting the center 1 with points 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 on line 8. The concentration of the fertilizer may be at a maximum at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The concentration of the fertilizer may be at a minimum at the points along the radius which are equidistant from points 1 and 2, equidistant from points 2 and 3, equidistant from points 3 and 4, equidistant from points 4 and 5, equidistant from points 5 and 6, and equidistant from points 6 and 7. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration at each of these equidistant points is no less than about 50% of the concentration of each of points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Within a time period of from about 1 to about 2 days after completion of the application of the patch of fertilizer, the concentration of the fertilizer over the entire surface of the patch may be from about 50% to about 60% of the maximum concentration of the fertilizer at any point in the patch due to the mixing of the fertilizer in the surface of the ocean.|[0017] The spiral application of the fertilizer preferably results in a continuous bloom of phytoplankton across the entire surface of the patch of fertilizer, and does not result in dots of blooms or over fertilization. This may allow for the maximum fixation of carbon within the interior of the bloom. The center of the patch may be regarded as that area which is sufficiently distant from the edge of the patch, so that the variation of the concentration of fertilizer there is due only to the initial concentration and the utilization of the fertilizer by the phytoplankton bloom.|[0018] Sequestration of carbon dioxide by fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of an open ocean has a number of benefits. Substantial amounts of carbon dioxide may be sequestered for substantial periods of time. The present invention may sequester all of the net carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels because about 53 percent of the carbon taken out of the ocean (and from the atmosphere) by the process of the present invention is expected to be sequestered in the deep ocean for about 1,000 to about 2,000 years, as has been measured in the deep, tropical Pacific Ocean. The present invention should not be carried out in a shallow bay or lake because this could produce anoxic conditions.|[0019] The barren ocean may be made verdant by adding the missing nutrients to the ocean surface. This occurs naturally in the upwelling off of Peru where nutrient-rich bottom water comes to the surface and the phytoplankton bloom.|[0020] Whether an area of the surface of an ocean is suitable for sequestering carbon dioxide depends on a number of factors. The depth of the ocean should be sufficient to prevent the development of anoxic conditions after fertilization. The depth of the thermocline, about 50 to 300 ft. (about 15 to 91 meters), is preferably less than the depth of the photic zone, such that the thermocline prevents the fertilizer from reaching a depth below the photic zone. The photic zone extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of from about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters), generally speaking. The photic zone may best be described functionally. It extends from the surface to a depth where sunlight no longer causes an appreciable amount of photosynthesis. However, if the depth of the thermocline is greater than the depth of the photic zone, then the fertilizer may comprise a float material to prevent the fertilizer from sinking to a depth below the photic zone. The amount and nature of the fertilizer depends on the nutrients that are missing from the surface of the ocean. Preferably, iron is the only nutrient that is missing to a significant extent from the area of the ocean to be fertilized. This allows fertilization with a fertilizer that comprises only iron salts, and preferably iron chelates that prevent the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. However, other nutrients may be missing from the surface of the ocean. If nitrogen is missing to a significant extent, then the fertilizer may comprise at least one nutrient which causes a bloom of at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen. The microorganism may be from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton. The surface of the ocean may also be missing phosphate and trace minerals, which may be incorporated into the fertilizer system. If the surface of the ocean is missing both iron and an additional nutrient, then the preferred method may include the separate application of a plurality of fertilizers. The first fertilizer preferably includes iron, and more preferably an iron chelate. The other missing nutrients may be applied in a second fertilizer, or in a plurality of additional fertilizers. It is preferred that each fertilizer release the corresponding nutrient in a form that does not react with any iron chelates in the first fertilizer and that does not precipitate to any substantial extent.|[0021] The amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out a fertilization according to the present invention depends upon a number of factors. The composition, amount and rate of distribution of the fertilizer are all factors. The nutrient content of the water of the ocean is also a factor, not only at the location of the application of the fertilizer, but also all locations to which the fertilized water is subsequently carried by any currents. The temperature, the amount of sunlight and the depth of the thermocline are factors. The nature and number of the organisms in the water that metabolize the fertilizer or that eat the plant materials produced, are also factors.|[0022] The primary missing nutrient is iron in much of the surface of the oceans. In an experiment, iron salts were added to a portion of the surface of the barren tropical Pacific ocean. A bloom of phytoplankton resulted. This plant bloom turned the ocean from deep blue to milky green and drew down the carbon dioxide concentration in the fertilized water. The phytoplankton increased about 27 times versus background in about nine days, as a result of fertilization with iron salts during the first, fourth and eighth days (days zero, three and seven of the experiment). This plant bloom occurred in spite of the relatively low efficiency of the fertilizer that was used (about 95 percent of the iron precipitated out of the photic zone shortly after application).|[0023] A test has been carried out to evaluate the application of fertilizers that comprise both iron and phosphate. The initial fertilization produced a bloom of phytoplankton of about 4.5 to 7 times the initial concentration of such phytoplankton, in just over one day. Adverse weather and ocean conditions after the first day precluded further effective measurements.|[0024] A second test has been carried out to evaluate the application of an iron fertilizer. Iron-containing pellets were dispersed over a nine square mile patch of open ocean. This resulted in an increase of phytoplankton concentration of about five times the background concentration of phytoplankton. The maximum bloom appeared to be about 600 pounds of phytoplankton per pound of fertilizer, by extrapolating over the increasing size of the patch at nearly constant phytoplankton concentration.|[0025] The measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out the fertilization of the present invention may require that some estimates be made. Total dissolved carbon may be removed from the water at the surface of the ocean by three mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; (2) some will be dispersed by currents; and (3) some will be degassed to the atmosphere over the ocean. Numerous organisms may metabolize each nutrient including inorganic nitrogen that is available at the surface of the ocean. These organisms may be removed from that area of the surface of the ocean by two mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; and (2) some are dispersed by the current or swimming. None are removed to the air over the ocean. As these phytoplankton organisms metabolize each fertilizer, they usually uptake both carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Estimates may be made of the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean by assuming that the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean is proportional to the amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean. The amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean can be measured from the draw down of inorganic nitrates and the carbon-nitrogen ratios in the organic materials formed. As the particles of organic carbon sink below the main thermocline, this organic carbon is effectively sequestered in the deep ocean for periods of time approaching the time scale of organic turnover which is from about 1,000 to about 10,000 years.|[0026] The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. Preliminary calculations indicate that for each year, for each eight square miles of deep tropical ocean fertilized, about 17,000 tons of carbon dioxide containing about 4,600 tons of carbon may be converted to biomass and sequestered to the ocean floor. After a substantial period of time such as over about the next 1,000 to 2,000 years, most of this carbon is expected to be oxidized to carbon dioxide and returned to the surface of the ocean in the form of super-saturated ocean upwellings but a part will remain in the deep ocean in the form of calcium carbonate and other carbonaceous materials. Therefore, the present invention may sequester the 40 percent of the carbon dioxide that the U.S. produces by burning fossil fuels each year and that is not taken out by natural sinks, if this continuous fertilization is carried out over 1,100,000 square miles of deep barren ocean surface. The estimated current cost is about $5 per ton of carbon sequestered, when one considers that about 1,000 tons of carbon will be sequestered per ton of fertilizer spread over the surface of the deep barren ocean. This estimated cost is much lower than the estimated cost of alternative approaches primarily because of the use of sunlight to concentrate the carbon dioxide from the ocean surface and the atmosphere into the form of biomass which is then sequestered naturally over long periods of time.|[0027] There are additional consequences of carrying out the method of the present invention. About half the biomass that is created by fertilization according to the present invention will be recycled through zooplankton, fish and marine mammals. If there is continuous fertilization according to the present invention of about 1,100,000 square miles of deep barren ocean, then it is estimated that an additional 70 million tons of catchable fish per year would be produced, or about two-thirds of the current world fish production. This is based on an estimate of 60 tons of catchable fish per square mile per year under continuous fertilization. These estimates may be subject to revision because there are many variables as one moves up the food chain from the phytoplankton. These variables are not particularly well understood or easy to control at this time. However, it is known that where this fertilization occurs naturally, such as off of Peru, the ocean is able to take advantage of the available food and produce a bloom of fish. The amount of catchable fish per year per square mile of barren ocean that is fertilized, may be increased by seeding the ocean with filter-feeder fish. The introduction of these fish will increase the fraction of biological carbon that is recycled to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, and will decrease the fraction that is sequestered to the ocean depths. Therefore, carbon dioxide sequestration is preferably carried out with fertilization pulses of less than thirty days in a particular body of water, to limit the zooplankton and fish growth. The use of fertilization pulses can increase sequestration of carbon dioxide from as little as ten percent of organic carbon formed to as much as eighty percent organic carbon formed. The length of such a fertilization pulse is more preferably less than about twenty days in a particular area. The time period between fertilization pulses in a particular area is preferably in excess of about thirty days, and more preferably in excess of about forty-five days from the end of one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse.|[0028] The environmental effects of carrying out the method of the present invention are expected to be benign, because the same fertilization has been going on naturally in upwellings for millions of years. The main effect of carrying out the method of the present invention is expected to be substantial increases in the food supplies of, and therefore the population of zooplankton and fish in the newly created verdant ecosystems. Preferably, the fertilization according to the present invention will not take place near living coral reefs or in shallow water, so as to avoid any adverse effect thereon. In any event, the environmental effects at the ocean surface of carrying out the present invention will be short term, vanishing within about one month from the cessation of fertilization. If at some time in the future it is decided to carry out such fertilization on a large scale as part of a method of ocean farming, then the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere may indeed be significantly reduced and, therefore, the possible environmental effects of such large scale ocean farming should be carefully monitored as large scale ocean farming is implemented.|[0029] The ocean fertilization of about 1,100,000 square miles (about 3,000,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 2 billion tons (about 1.8 billion metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 700,000 tons (about 644,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer and would sequester the net annual carbon dioxide production of the United States from burning fossil fuels. This is about 2,000 tons (about 1,800 metric tons) per day for 350 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $5000 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $3.5 billion per year. This cost includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of sequestration, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|[0030] Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on a number of factors.|[0031] A method of sequestering carbon dioxide is disclosed by U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/304,063, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Methods of increasing seafood production in the ocean are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,173, 5,535,701, and 5,967,087, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|[0032] Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | (US6440367)|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|[0002] This application claims the benefit of provisional application No. 60/033,018 filed Dec. 17, 1996. This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/521,895 filed Mar. 9, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,530, and a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/304,063 filed May 4, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,919, and a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/950,418 filed Oct. 24, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,087.|(US6440367)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0003] The field of the invention is controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This may have a significant effect on global climate change, including global warming.|[0004] The carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has been increasing. This is based on measurements over the last 40 years or more. There is concern that this increase may result in global climate change, which over time may have an adverse effect on weather, sea level and human survival.|[0005] This concern has lead to the 1992 Rio Treaty and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. These call for significant decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels by the industrial world. If these reductions are put into effect, then serious adverse consequences are expected. The economy of the industrialized world could be significantly, adversely affected. This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest. Moreover, this would not be a solution because it does not permit or require a reversal of the currently increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|[0006] Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere both by the burning of fossil fuels, and by the recycling of plant materials. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by the photosynthesis of plants on land and in the oceans. This removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere may be referred to as a carbon dioxide sink. It is the net flow (releases minus sinks) that has caused the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide level which is of present concern. Without human intervention, the net flow of carbon dioxide into and out of the atmosphere is roughly zero, with the sources and sinks in rough balance. When fossil fuels are burned, only about 60 percent of the released carbon dioxide is subsequently taken out of the atmosphere by natural sinks. The remaining about 40 percent increases the carbon dioxide level of the atmosphere, leading to concern over climate changes.|[0007] The net carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere can be reduced, but not eliminated, by increasing the efficiency of power-producing equipment and by harnessing wind and solar power. Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits. We have been increasing the efficiency of heat engines for over 200 years, and may be approaching the limits of basic thermodynamics. It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large. Moreover, these approaches can only reduce the increase in carbon dioxide concentration, never eliminate the increase. Therefore, these approaches cannot adequately address the concern over the increasing carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere.|[0008] The technology of carbon dioxide sink enhancement is in its infancy. The sequestering of carbon dioxide in geological formations is both beneficial and inexpensive, if the carbon dioxide is relatively concentrated. An example of relatively concentrated carbon dioxide is the off-gas after removal of methane from natural gas containing carbon dioxide. However, there is relatively little carbon dioxide available in such concentrated form. Most carbon dioxide is available in concentrations of from about 10 percent to about 25 percent in exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil fuels. It is quite expensive to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide from about 10 or 25 percent to about 100 percent. The preferable course of action appears to be the use of sunlight and plants to do the concentrating, and subsequently to sequester the resulting plant material in some manner.|[0009] One approach would be to plant trees. However, there is not enough land to plant sufficient trees to zero out the net carbon dioxide production. Even if there were enough land, we would have to find a place to store the resulting wood after about 50 to about 100 years, such that the wood would not rot and release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Thus, this approach would not sequester carbon dioxide for a relatively long period of time.|[0010] The best place to enhance plant growth is in the oceans. Ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is a barren desert with almost no plant life. About sixty percent of the plant life (phytoplankton) in the oceans of the world arises from about only two percent of the surface of the oceans. A reduction in the net flow of carbon dioxide may be achieved, if some of that ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is made as productive as that two percent.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0011] A method of sequestering carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: testing an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability; fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide; and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The testing includes a determination of the diffusion coefficient in the surface of the ocean so that an optimum pattern of fertilization can be designed. The fertilizer preferably comprise an iron chelate that prevents the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. The fertilizing preferably includes a ship dispersing liquid fertilizer in a spiral pattern which starts at the center of the spiral that is marked by a buoy that floats with the current. The method may include the additional step of reporting the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. An area of the surface of an ocean is suitable if both at least one nutrient is missing to a significant extent, and the water is deep. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the metabolism of carbon dioxide is reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. An appropriate amount of a missing nutrient is an amount to raise the concentration of the nutrient at the ocean surface so that the metabolism of carbon dioxide is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of the nutrient. The depth of the water is preferable at least about 5,000 feet (about 1524 meters), more preferably at least about 10,000 feet (about 3048 meters), and most preferably at least about 15,000 feet (about 4572 meters). The fertilizing creates a new verdant zone, preferably in the ocean surface above very deep water. The testing and reporting may be carried out by any of a number of methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The reporting may be carried out in a number of forms. Conventional forms would include printing the report on paper or another substrate, or storing the report in magnetic media or optical media. The report may be in a form required by a governmental authority. Such governmental authority may monitor the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere by a particular person or company. The amount of carbon dioxide released may be a debit on the balance sheet of such person or company. The governmental authority may allow credits on such balance sheet for the amount of carbon dioxide stated in such report as being sequestered.|(US6440367)|DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING|[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a spiral pattern of fertilization according to the invention.|(US6440367)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0013] The testing of an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability for the present method preferably includes a determination of the diffusion coefficient for the surface of the water. This allows for an estimate to be made of the mixing of the fertilizer that will take place over a fixed period of time after the application of the fertilizer. In order to make this estimate, one also needs to know the composition of the fertilizer. In a preferred embodiment, the diffusion coefficient is measured using the same liquid or pelletized fertilizer that will be applied to the surface of the ocean.|[0014] The fertilizing of a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide, preferably includes the application of a pelletized, liquid or powdered fertilizer in a spiral pattern to create a patch of fertilizer. Preferably, the size of the patch of fertilizer is such that the center of the patch is not disturbed by the edges of the patch for at least about twenty days after the fertilizer is applied. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the fertilizer in the center of the patch does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about twenty days after the patch is applied, which may define the minimum size of the patch of fertilizer.|[0015] The size of the patch of fertilizer is also affected by other factors. The vessel that applies the fertilizer may be a ship that is capable of a speed of about 15 to about 18 knots. Multiple vessels may be used. In a preferred embodiment, a single ship applies the patch of fertilizer over a time period of from about 3 to about 4 days. The maximum size of the patch may be affected by the top speed of the vessel, the maximum rate at which the vessel can distribute the fertilizer, and the concentration of the nutrients in the fertilizer. Preferably, a liquid fertilizer is used which may allow the rate at which the fertilizer is pumped into the ocean to be more precisely controlled in relation to the speed of the vessel.|[0016] FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a preferred pattern of application of the fertilizer. The center 1 of the spiral may be defined by the placement of a floating buoy. The buoy may be carried by the current. Thus, the latitude and longitude of the center of the spiral may vary as the fertilizer is applied. The vessel may begin applying the fertilizer at the center 1 of the spiral, and continue application of the fertilizer in the spiral pattern as shown by line 8 which ends at point 9. The fertilizer is applied such that the concentration of the fertilizer in the surface of the ocean does not vary by more than about 50% between the arms of the spiral within from about one to about two days after the fertilizer is applied. A radius is shown in broken line connecting the center 1 with points 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 on line 8. The concentration of the fertilizer may be at a maximum at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The concentration of the fertilizer may be at a minimum at the points along the radius which are equidistant from points 1 and 2, equidistant from points 2 and 3, equidistant from points 3 and 4, equidistant from points 4 and 5, equidistant from points 5 and 6, and equidistant from points 6 and 7. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration at each of these equidistant points is no less than about 50% of the concentration of each of points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Within a time period of from about 1 to about 2 days after completion of the application of the patch of fertilizer, the concentration of the fertilizer over the entire surface of the patch may be from about 50% to about 60% of the maximum concentration of the fertilizer at any point in the patch due to the mixing of the fertilizer in the surface of the ocean.|[0017] The spiral application of the fertilizer preferably results in a continuous bloom of phytoplankton across the entire surface of the patch of fertilizer, and does not result in dots of blooms or over fertilization. This may allow for the maximum fixation of carbon within the interior of the bloom. The center of the patch may be regarded as that area which is sufficiently distant from the edge of the patch, so that the variation of the concentration of fertilizer there is due only to the initial concentration and the utilization of the fertilizer by the phytoplankton bloom.|[0018] Sequestration of carbon dioxide by fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of an open ocean has a number of benefits. Substantial amounts of carbon dioxide may be sequestered for substantial periods of time. The present invention may sequester all of the net carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels because about 53 percent of the carbon taken out of the ocean (and from the atmosphere) by the process of the present invention is expected to be sequestered in the deep ocean for about 1,000 to about 2,000 years, as has been measured in the deep, tropical Pacific Ocean. The present invention should not be carried out in a shallow bay or lake because this could produce anoxic conditions.|[0019] The barren ocean may be made verdant by adding the missing nutrients to the ocean surface. This occurs naturally in the upwelling off of Peru where nutrient-rich bottom water comes to the surface and the phytoplankton bloom.|[0020] Whether an area of the surface of an ocean is suitable for sequestering carbon dioxide depends on a number of factors. The depth of the ocean should be sufficient to prevent the development of anoxic conditions after fertilization. The depth of the thermocline, about 50 to 300 ft. (about 15 to 91 meters), is preferably less than the depth of the photic zone, such that the thermocline prevents the fertilizer from reaching a depth below the photic zone. The photic zone extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of from about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters), generally speaking. The photic zone may best be described functionally. It extends from the surface to a depth where sunlight no longer causes an appreciable amount of photosynthesis. However, if the depth of the thermocline is greater than the depth of the photic zone, then the fertilizer may comprise a float material to prevent the fertilizer from sinking to a depth below the photic zone. The amount and nature of the fertilizer depends on the nutrients that are missing from the surface of the ocean. Preferably, iron is the only nutrient that is missing to a significant extent from the area of the ocean to be fertilized. This allows fertilization with a fertilizer that comprises only iron salts, and preferably iron chelates that prevent the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. However, other nutrients may be missing from the surface of the ocean. If nitrogen is missing to a significant extent, then the fertilizer may comprise at least one nutrient which causes a bloom of at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen. The microorganism may be from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton. The surface of the ocean may also be missing phosphate and trace minerals, which may be incorporated into the fertilizer system. If the surface of the ocean is missing both iron and an additional nutrient, then the preferred method may include the separate application of a plurality of fertilizers. The first fertilizer preferably includes iron, and more preferably an iron chelate. The other missing nutrients may be applied in a second fertilizer, or in a plurality of additional fertilizers. It is preferred that each fertilizer release the corresponding nutrient in a form that does not react with any iron chelates in the first fertilizer and that does not precipitate to any substantial extent.|[0021] The amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out a fertilization according to the present invention depends upon a number of factors. The composition, amount and rate of distribution of the fertilizer are all factors. The nutrient content of the water of the ocean is also a factor, not only at the location of the application of the fertilizer, but also all locations to which the fertilized water is subsequently carried by any currents. The temperature, the amount of sunlight and the depth of the thermocline are factors. The nature and number of the organisms in the water that metabolize the fertilizer or that eat the plant materials produced, are also factors.|[0022] The primary missing nutrient is iron in much of the surface of the oceans. In an experiment, iron salts were added to a portion of the surface of the barren tropical Pacific ocean. A bloom of phytoplankton resulted. This plant bloom turned the ocean from deep blue to milky green and drew down the carbon dioxide concentration in the fertilized water. The phytoplankton increased about 27 times versus background in about nine days, as a result of fertilization with iron salts during the first, fourth and eighth days (days zero, three and seven of the experiment). This plant bloom occurred in spite of the relatively low efficiency of the fertilizer that was used (about 95 percent of the iron precipitated out of the photic zone shortly after application).|[0023] A test has been carried out to evaluate the application of fertilizers that comprise both iron and phosphate. The initial fertilization produced a bloom of phytoplankton of about 4.5 to 7 times the initial concentration of such phytoplankton, in just over one day. Adverse weather and ocean conditions after the first day precluded further effective measurements.|[0024] A second test has been carried out to evaluate the application of an iron fertilizer. Iron-containing pellets were dispersed over a nine square mile patch of open ocean. This resulted in an increase of phytoplankton concentration of about five times the background concentration of phytoplankton. The maximum bloom appeared to be about 600 pounds of phytoplankton per pound of fertilizer, by extrapolating over the increasing size of the patch at nearly constant phytoplankton concentration.|[0025] The measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out the fertilization of the present invention may require that some estimates be made. Total dissolved carbon may be removed from the water at the surface of the ocean by three mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; (2) some will be dispersed by currents; and (3) some will be degassed to the atmosphere over the ocean. Numerous organisms may metabolize each nutrient including inorganic nitrogen that is available at the surface of the ocean. These organisms may be removed from that area of the surface of the ocean by two mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; and (2) some are dispersed by the current or swimming. None are removed to the air over the ocean. As these phytoplankton organisms metabolize each fertilizer, they usually uptake both carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Estimates may be made of the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean by assuming that the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean is proportional to the amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean. The amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean can be measured from the draw down of inorganic nitrates and the carbon-nitrogen ratios in the organic materials formed. As the particles of organic carbon sink below the main thermocline, this organic carbon is effectively sequestered in the deep ocean for periods of time approaching the time scale of organic turnover which is from about 1,000 to about 10,000 years.|[0026] The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. Preliminary calculations indicate that for each year, for each eight square miles of deep tropical ocean fertilized, about 17,000 tons of carbon dioxide containing about 4,600 tons of carbon may be converted to biomass and sequestered to the ocean floor. After a substantial period of time such as over about the next 1,000 to 2,000 years, most of this carbon is expected to be oxidized to carbon dioxide and returned to the surface of the ocean in the form of super-saturated ocean upwellings but a part will remain in the deep ocean in the form of calcium carbonate and other carbonaceous materials. Therefore, the present invention may sequester the 40 percent of the carbon dioxide that the U.S. produces by burning fossil fuels each year and that is not taken out by natural sinks, if this continuous fertilization is carried out over 1,100,000 square miles of deep barren ocean surface. The estimated current cost is about $5 per ton of carbon sequestered, when one considers that about 1,000 tons of carbon will be sequestered per ton of fertilizer spread over the surface of the deep barren ocean. This estimated cost is much lower than the estimated cost of alternative approaches primarily because of the use of sunlight to concentrate the carbon dioxide from the ocean surface and the atmosphere into the form of biomass which is then sequestered naturally over long periods of time.|[0027] There are additional consequences of carrying out the method of the present invention. About half the biomass that is created by fertilization according to the present invention will be recycled through zooplankton, fish and marine mammals. If there is continuous fertilization according to the present invention of about 1,100,000 square miles of deep barren ocean, then it is estimated that an additional 70 million tons of catchable fish per year would be produced, or about two-thirds of the current world fish production. This is based on an estimate of 60 tons of catchable fish per square mile per year under continuous fertilization. These estimates may be subject to revision because there are many variables as one moves up the food chain from the phytoplankton. These variables are not particularly well understood or easy to control at this time. However, it is known that where this fertilization occurs naturally, such as off of Peru, the ocean is able to take advantage of the available food and produce a bloom of fish. The amount of catchable fish per year per square mile of barren ocean that is fertilized, may be increased by seeding the ocean with filter-feeder fish. The introduction of these fish will increase the fraction of biological carbon that is recycled to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, and will decrease the fraction that is sequestered to the ocean depths. Therefore, carbon dioxide sequestration is preferably carried out with fertilization pulses of less than thirty days in a particular body of water, to limit the zooplankton and fish growth. The use of fertilization pulses can increase sequestration of carbon dioxide from as little as ten percent of organic carbon formed to as much as eighty percent organic carbon formed. The length of such a fertilization pulse is more preferably less than about twenty days in a particular area. The time period between fertilization pulses in a particular area is preferably in excess of about thirty days, and more preferably in excess of about forty-five days from the end of one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse.|[0028] The environmental effects of carrying out the method of the present invention are expected to be benign, because the same fertilization has been going on naturally in upwellings for millions of years. The main effect of carrying out the method of the present invention is expected to be substantial increases in the food supplies of, and therefore the population of zooplankton and fish in the newly created verdant ecosystems. Preferably, the fertilization according to the present invention will not take place near living coral reefs or in shallow water, so as to avoid any adverse effect thereon. In any event, the environmental effects at the ocean surface of carrying out the present invention will be short term, vanishing within about one month from the cessation of fertilization. If at some time in the future it is decided to carry out such fertilization on a large scale as part of a method of ocean farming, then the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere may indeed be significantly reduced and, therefore, the possible environmental effects of such large scale ocean farming should be carefully monitored as large scale ocean farming is implemented.|[0029] The ocean fertilization of about 1,100,000 square miles (about 3,000,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 2 billion tons (about 1.8 billion metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 700,000 tons (about 644,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer and would sequester the net annual carbon dioxide production of the United States from burning fossil fuels. This is about 2,000 tons (about 1,800 metric tons) per day for 350 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $5000 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $3.5 billion per year. This cost includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of sequestration, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|[0030] Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on a number of factors.|[0031] A method of sequestering carbon dioxide is disclosed by U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/304,063, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Methods of increasing seafood production in the ocean are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,173, 5,535,701, and 5,967,087, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|[0032] Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | Family Number|(35674732)|35674732|Advantages / Prev. Drawbacks|(US6408792 B2)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(US20020023593 A1)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|Independent Claims|(US6408792 B2)|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean with a first nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form that does not (...) |(US20020023593 A1)| (...) A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean with a first nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form that does not (...) | | Other special machines | A01G-015/00|A01G-033/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/20|Y02A-040/81|Y02P-060/20|Y02P-060/60 | A01G-015/00|A01G-033/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/20|Y02A-040/81|Y02P-060/20|Y02P-060/60 | A01G-015/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/02|A01K-063/04 | A01G-015/00|A01G-031/00|A01H-013/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/02|A01K-063/04 | PCLO=119231000|PCLO=422040000|PCLX=119215000|PCLX=047059000R|PCLX=119200000|PCLX=119230000|PCLX=047001400 | PCLO=422040000 PCLX=047001400|PCLO=119231000 PCLX=119215000 PCLX=119230000|PCLO=119231000|PCLO=422040000 PCLX=047001400|PCLO=422040000 PCLX=119200000 PCLX=047059000 PCLX=047001400|PCLO=422040000 PCLX=119200000 PCLX=047059000 PCLX=047001400 | 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(US6440367)|Applicant references|-"Predominance of vertical loss of carbon from surface waters of the equatorial Pacific Ocean", Dennis A. Hansell, Nicholas R. Bates and Craig A. Carlson, Nature. vol. 336, pp 59-61 (Mar. 6, 1997).|-"Phytoplankton Bloom on Iron Rations", Bruce W, Frost, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 475-476 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"Confirmation of Iron Limitation of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean", Michael J. Behrenfeld et al, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 508-511 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"Large Decrease in Ocean-Surface CO2 Fugacity in Response to in-Situ Iron Fertilization", D.J. Cooper et al, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 511-513 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"A Massive Phytoplankton Bloom Induced by an Ecosystem-scale Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Equatorial Pacific", Kenneth H. Coale et al, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 495-501 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"Increased Dimethyl Sulphide Concentrations in Sea Water from In-situ Iron Enrichment", Suzanne M. Turner et al, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 513-517 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"Oceanographers' Green Thumb", Science, vol. 269, p. 759 (Aug. 11, 1995).|-Davies, Anthony Geoffrey. "Iron, chelation, and the growth of marine phytoplankton. I. Growth kinetics and chlorophyll production in cultures of the euryhaline flagellate Dunalliela tertiolecta under iron-limiting conditions," J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (1970), 50(1), pp. 65-86.*||(US6408792)|Applicant references|-Dennis A. Hansell, Nicholas R. Bates and Craig A. Carlson, "Predominance of vertical loss of carbon from surface waters of the equatorial Pacific Ocean", Nature. vol. 336, pp 59-61 (Mar. 6, 1997).|-Bruce W. Frost, "Phytoplankton Bloom on Iron Rations", Nature, vol. 383, pp. 475-476 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Michael J. Behrenfeld et al., "Confirmation of Iron Limitation of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean", Nature, vol. 383, pp. 508-511 (Oct. 10, 1996.|-D.J. Cooper et al., "Large Decrease in Ocean-Surface CO2 Fugacity in Response to In-situ Iron Fertilization", Nature, vol. 383, pp. 511-513 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Kenneth H. Coale et al., "A Massive Phytoplankton Bloom Induced by an Ecosystem-scale Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Equatorial Pacific", Nature, vol. 383, pp. 495-501 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Suzanne M. Turner et al., "Increased Dimethyl Sulphide Concentrations in Sea Water from In-situ Iron Enrichment", Nature, vol. 383, pp. 513-517 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Jocelyn Kaisler, editor, "Oceanographers' Green Thumb", Science, vol. 269, p. 759 (Aug. 11, 1995).|-Alasdair Palmer, "The man who says he can save the planet", The Sunday Telegraph, Jul. 23, 2000.|-David Tolmazin, "Elements of Dynamic Oceanography", pp. 22-23 (1985).|-Richard A. Kerr, "Iron Fertilization: A Tonic, but No Cure for the Greenhouse", Science, vol. 263, pp. 1089-1090 (Feb. 25, 1994).|-J.H. Martin et al., "Testing the Iron Hypothesis in the ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean", Nature, vol. 371, pp. 123-129 (Sep. 8, 1994).|-Howard E. Worne, "Introduction to Microbial Biotechnology including Hazardous Waster Treatment", pp. 19 and 46 (1992).||(US6200530)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-"Predominance of vertical loss of carbon from surface waters of the equatorial Pacific Ocean", Dennis A. Hansell, Nicholas R. Bates and Craig A. Carlson, Nature. vol. 336, pp 59-61 (Mar. 6, 1997).|-"Phytoplankton Bloom on Iron Rations", Bruce W. Frost, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 475-476 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"Confirmation of Iron Limitation of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean", Michael J. Behrenfeld et al, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 508-511 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"Large Decrease in Ocean-Surface CO2 Fugacity in Response to In-situ Iron Fertilization", D.J. Cooper et al, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 511-513 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"A Massive Phytoplankton Bloom Induced by an Ecosystem-scale Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Equatorial Pacific", Kenneth H. Coale et al, Nature, vol. 383, pp. 495-501 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-"Oceanographers'Green Thumb", Science, vol. 269, p. 759 (Aug. 11, 1995).||| | LAPSED | (US6440367)|LAPSED|(US6408792)|LAPSED|(US6200530)|LAPSED|(US20030012691)|LAPSED|(PE20011195)|LAPSED | DEAD | (US6440367)|DEAD|(US6408792)|DEAD|(US6200530)|DEAD|(US20030012691)|DEAD|(PE20011195)|DEAD | (US6440367)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US6440367|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-09-27|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2001-01-18|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US09761680|Application date=2001-01-18|Standardized application number=2001US-09761680|Event publication date=2001-01-18|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:MCKANE, ELIZABETH L|Event publication date=2001-01-18|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1744|Event publication 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group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:MCKANE, ELIZABETH L|Event publication date=2002-08-26|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1744|Event publication date=2002-08-26|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: SMALL|Event publication date=2002-08-26|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=No|Event publication date=2002-08-26|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: 03694-P0003B|Event publication date=2002-08-26|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 24126|Event publication date=2002-08-26|Event code=US/APE|Event group=Corrections|Preliminary amendments|Event publication date=2002-10-11|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2002-12-02|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2003-01-16|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20030012691|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2003-01-16|Standardized publication number=US20030012691|Event publication date=2003-09-22|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2004-04-26|Event code=US/ABNOA|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force OAO|Abandoned -- Failure to Respond to an Office Action|(PE20011195)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR PE20011195|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-08-24|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2001-01-26|Event code=PE/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=PE PE2001000092|Application date=2001-01-26|Standardized application number=2001PE-0000092|Event publication date=2001-11-16|Event code=PE/A1|Event group=Examination events|Patent application|Publication country=PE|Publication number=PE20011195|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2001-11-16|Standardized publication number=PE200101195|Event publication date=2005-01-31|Event code=PE/FG|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant, registration|Concedida|Event publication date=2010-08-24|Event code=PE/FD|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Application declared void or lapsed|Caducada | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=tu2dtXydtG8A++NsdUd8jTeISh8T7V+NNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US6440367&ekey=1196&xpn=US6440367&kind=B2 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/09761680/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=52iNBMO1HTrdGqGyRhNS9XfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (US6440367)|US | (US6440367)|NAME=GreenSea Venture, Inc. , CITY=Rowayton , STATE=CT , COUNTRY=US , ATYP=US Company | |(US20010002983)|US||||(US20030012691)|US | (US6440367)|NAME=St. Onge, Steward, Johnston & Reens, LLC|(US20010002983)|NAME=BACON & THOMAS, PLLC 625 Slaters Lane, 4th Floor , CITY=Alexandria , STATE=VA , POSTCODE=22314-1176 , COUNTRY=US|(US6408792)|NAME=Bacon & Thomas, PLLC|(US20020023593)|NAME=BACON & THOMAS, PLLC 625 SLATERS LANE, FOURTH FLOOR , CITY=ALEXANDRIA , STATE=VA , POSTCODE=22314|(US6200530)|NAME=Bacon & Thomas, PLLC|(US20030012691)|NAME=ST. ONGE STEWARD JOHNSTON & REENS, LLC 986 BEDFORD STREET , CITY=STAMFORD , STATE=CT , POSTCODE=06905-5619 , COUNTRY=US | (US6440367)|US|(US20010002983)|US|(US6408792)|US|(US20020023593)|US|(US6200530)|US|(US20030012691)|US| | (US6440367)|NAME=Markels, Jr. Michael, CITY=Mason Neck, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(US20010002983)|NAME=Markels Michael, CITY=Mason Neck, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(US6408792)|NAME=Markels, Jr. Michael 6850 Versar Center. P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, POSTCODE=22151, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(US20020023593)|NAME=Markels Michael, CITY=Mason Neck, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(US6200530)|NAME=Markels, Jr. Michael P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, POSTCODE=22151, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(US20030012691)|NAME=Markels Michael, CITY=Mason Neck, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(PE20011195)|NAME=MARKELS | Titre: (US6440367)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide with a fertilizer comprising chelated iron Résumé: (US6440367)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprises testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area in a spiral pattern a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The fertilizer preferably comprises an iron chelate that prevents the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably includes applying a fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate. | 6.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The article describes a method for sequestering CO2 in the ocean through the application of iron-based fertilizers, which directly relates to ocean iron fertilization and the stimulation of phytoplankton growth. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | WOCN2022/121167|WOCN2022/142813|WOCN2023/113913|WOCN2023/076157 | WOCN2023/120951 | WO2024/067448 | 109184574 | WO2024/067448 A1 2024-04-04 [WO202467448] | 2022-09-26|2022-12-28|2023-02-15|2023-08-19 | 2023-09-25 | 2024-04-04 | (WO2024/067448)|2026-03-26 | (WO2024/067448)|Method and system for blue-carbon-type direct air carbon capture and storage | (WO2024/067448)|A method and system for blue-carbon-type direct air carbon capture and storage, which method and system use natural energy such as wind energy, light energy and wave energy. Direct carbon capture and storage are performed on air by merely using natural seawater, and a carbon dioxide equivalent is metered and calculated. In order to achieve the climate goal of "net-zero" carbon emissions, a low-cost and large-scale net negative emission solution with zero carbon footprint, zero artificial chemical footprint and zero land physical footprint is provided. | PENG SIGAN ([CN]) | (WO2024/067448)|PENG, Sigan ([CN]) | PENG SIGAN|PENG YINGCHUAN | (WO2024/067448)|PENG, Sigan|PENG, Yingchuan | (WO2024/067448)|The invention has the advantages that: firstly, the problem of economic feasibility of climate mitigation is solved; the energy consumption cost of the proposal of the invention is reduced by at least two orders of magnitude compared with the technical proposal of the artificial chemical DAC; secondly, the problem of available carbon aggregation scale is solved; the proposal of the invention utilizes the carbon sinks of the marine ecosystem including marine biological and abiotic factors in an integral way, which is beneficial for helping global greenhouse gas emission reduction to get out of the dilemma of carbon sinks shortage; thirdly, the problem of large-scale actual deployment is solved, and the large-scale and accounting actual deployment solution of net negative emission is provided for realizing the "net zero" carbon emission climate target.|However, the ability of the oceans to naturally absorb atmospheric CO2 is limited by the chemical equilibrium at the ocean/atmosphere interface and does not naturally increase, and the scale of absorption does not naturally increase, which cannot automatically replace the much-needed DACCS technology for climate mitigation.|The other group advocates the use of marine biological factors such as seaweed and its ocean fertilization, as well as atypical marine biological factors such as mangroves (intertidal plants), and natural marine-based carbon sinks, but there is a problem of climate mitigation feasibility: first, the overall applicable scale of these marine biological carbon sinks differs significantly from the scale of climate mitigation requirements; second, these marine biological carbon sinks belong to non-independent carbon sinks; it is well known that both biological and abiotic factors of marine ecosystems, which are immersed in the main body of the marine ecosystem without direct contact with the atmosphere, have to be through marine waters to form effective carbon sinks for the atmosphere.|This also reflects the fact that the concept of blue carbon that has prevailed in the last decade will lose its climate mitigation significance if it is limited to a few marine biotic carbon sinks.| | (WO2024/067448)|1. A direct carbon capture and storage method for blue carbon type air is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: 1) providing an absorber; 2) extracting seawater from the ocean below the sea level to above the sea level to generate absorbing seawater; introducing the absorbing seawater and the air into the absorber; 3) dissolving the absorbing seawater to capture carbon dioxide in the air to generate absorbing seawater in the absorber; and 4) discharging the absorbed seawater into the absorber to generate absorbing seawater The marine carbon storage is realized by discharging into seawater below sea level through a drain pipe; wherein, the absorber comprises a shading shell cover used for shading the sunlight, so that the contact between the absorbing seawater and the air is carried out under the condition of shading the sunlight, thereby preventing or reducing the growth of marine organisms in the absorber.|3. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises providing an air blower for introducing air into an absorber.|4. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises the following steps: detecting the carbon dioxide equivalent which is converted by the absorbed seawater to absorb and capture CO2 from the air and then is discharged into the sea surface by the absorbed seawater, generating measurement data, and transmitting the measurement data to a carbon accounting system in real time or regularly.|7. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises the steps of providing a carbon-free energy source device and providing the required energy source.|8. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises the following steps: a plurality of absorbers are provided; after being absorbed by a plurality of absorbers, seawater generated by the absorbers is converged and discharged into the ocean through a drainage pipe.|9. A direct carbon capture and storage system for air is characterized in that the system comprises: a seawater pump and a water intake pipe for extracting seawater from the ocean below sea level to above sea level to generate absorbing sea water; an absorber for introducing air and absorbing sea water so as to absorb carbon dioxide in the air to generate absorbed sea water; a drainage pipe for discharging the absorbed sea water into the ocean below sea level; wherein, the absorber comprises a shading shell for shading the sunlight so as to ensure that the contact between the absorbed sea water and the air is carried out under the condition of shading the sunlight, thereby preventing or reducing the growth of sea organisms in the absorber.|14. The invention is characterized in that the air direct carbon capture and storage system comprises a plurality of absorbers; after the absorbed sea water generated by the absorbers converges, the sea water is discharged into the sea through a drainage pipe.| | (WO2024/067448)|The first object of the present invention is to provide an economical and feasible direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) solution, which overcomes the defect that the cost of the prior chemical DACCS technical solution is unaffordable. The second object of the invention is to overcome the application scale gap of the prior NET technical proposal and provide a DACCS proposal which utilizes the marine ecosystem carbon sink including marine living and abiotic factors in an overall way. The third object of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior DACCS technical proposal based on the utilization of the natural ocean carbon sink, and provide an DACCS proposal which can be deployed in a large scale and matched with a carbon accounting framework. The overall objective of the invention is to provide a low-cost scale net negative emission solution with zero carbon footprint, zero chemical footprint and zero terrestrial physical footprint for achieving a net zero carbon emission climate goal.|The invention provides a blue carbon type air direct carbon capture and storage method and system, which is used for directly capturing and storing CO2 in the air, so as to realize the climate target of net zero carbon emission in the middle of the century, and belongs to the technical field of climate mitigation and carbon negative emission, and the technical field of marine engineering.| | (WO2024/067448)|AIR(100,52)|CARBON CAPTURE(100,33)|ABSORBING SEAWATER(100,28)|STORAGE SYSTEM(100,17)|STORAGE(100,14)|BLUE CARBON TYPE AIR(100,1)|ABSORBED SEAWATER(81,42)|ABSORBER(64,85)|DISCHARGING ABSORBED SEAWATER(60,1)|SHADING SUNLIGHT(56,4)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(51,4)|DRAINAGE PIPE(48,6)|CLIMATE MITIGATION FEASIBILITY(47,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION(46,9)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(46,1)|TERRESTRIAL PHYSICAL FOOTPRINT(44,1)|TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(42,5)|CLIMATE MITIGATION ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY(42,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION SIGNIFICANCE(42,1)|SEA ORGANISM(41,1)|SHADING SHELL(39,6)|ATYPICAL MARINE BIOLOGICAL FACTOR(38,1)|INTERTIDAL PLANT(37,1)|MARINE BIOTIC CARBON SINK(37,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(36,7)|CLIMATE MITIGATION REQUIREMENT(35,1)|SEA(34,31)|ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(33,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM ABIOTIC FACTOR(33,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM CARBON SINK(32,3)|ABSORBED SEAWATER OUTLET(30,1)|NATURALLY ABSORB ATMOSPHERIC CO2(30,1)|ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL FOOTPRINT(29,1)|OCEAN ABILITY(29,1)|SOIL PHYSICAL FOOTPRINT(29,1)|NONINDEPENDENT CARBON SINK(28,1)|MARINE LIVING(27,2)|SEAWATER(26,40)|CARBON EMISSION CLIMATE TARGET(26,1)|CARBON AGGREGATION SCALE(25,1)|CARBON SINK(24,22)|NEGATIVE EMISSION SOLUTION(24,2)|ABSORB SEAWATER(24,1)|CARBON EMISSION CLIMATE(24,1)|CARBON SINK SHORTAGE(24,1)|DEPLOYMENT SOLUTION(24,1)|MARINE BIOLOGICAL FACTOR(24,1)|MARINE CARBON SINK(24,1)|MARINE OVERALL APPLICABLE SCALE(24,1)|ABSORPTION SCALE(23,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(22,10)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE(22,2)|NATURAL SEA(22,2)|OCEAN ATMOSPHERE COMPUTING(22,2)|AIR CARBON CAPTURE(21,16)|SUNLIGHT(21,8)|CLIMATE(21,4)|NEGATIVE NET EMISSION(21,3)|ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE(21,1)|CAPTURED CO2(21,1)|NET NEGATIVE EMISSION SOLUTION(21,1)|ABIOTIC FACTOR(20,5)|CARBON ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK(20,2)|NATURAL OCEAN CARBON SINK(20,2)|DILEMMA(20,1)|ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY(19,1)|MANGROVE(19,1)|CARBON EMISSION(17,3)|AIR BLOWER(17,2)|MARINE ORGANISM(17,2)|APPLICABLE SCALE(17,1)|FOOTPRINT(17,1)|MARINE ENGINEERING(17,1)|SEAWEED(17,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER(16,4)|ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT(16,4)|ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL(16,3)|DECADE(16,2)|DEFECT(16,1)|SEA LEVEL(15,22)|AIR INTRODUCTION(15,12)|MARINE(15,2)|AVAILABLE CARBON AGGREGATION SCALE(15,1)|EMITTING CARBON NEGATIVE(15,1)|SEA PLATFORM(14,10)|NET ZERO(14,5)|BIOLOGICAL FACTOR(14,3)|ABSORBING SEAWATER FLOW(14,2)|MEASUREMENT DATA(14,2)|CARBON ACCOUNTING(13,8)|MEASUREMENT DATA GENERATION(13,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(12,28)|CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT(12,8)|DETECTING DEVICE EQUIVALENT(12,1)|EQUIVALENT METERING DATA(12,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION(12,1)|CO2(11,13)|NET ZERO CARBON EMISSION(11,1)|BLUE CARBON(10,6)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR(10,6)|WATER INTAKE PIPE(10,5)|LOUVER WIND PERMEABLE SHADING(10,2)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION(10,1)|PRIOR DEFECT(10,1)|EMISSION MARINE PLATFORM(9,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERTED(9,1)|WATER INTAKE(8,13)|DRAIN PIPE(8,8)|SEA CREATURE GROWTH(8,3)|AIRBORNE CO2 SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|LARGE SCALE ACTUAL DEPLOYMENT(8,1)|SEAWATER AFFINITY PREDOMINANT ENVIRONMENT(8,1)|HYDROGEN CARBONATE ION(7,9)|CO2E METERING DEVICE(7,7)|ABSORBER ABSORPTION SEAWATER OUTLET(7,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION KEY PILLAR(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENCE(6,7)|FILLER LAYER(6,7)|BUOY ROOM(6,4)|CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM(6,4)|NEGATIVE EMISSION(6,4)|DEDICATED NET NEGATIVE EMISSION(6,2)|FLOATING OCEAN PLATFORM MOVEMENT(6,2)|HEAVY STRATIFICATION(6,2)|MARINE WATER(6,2)|SEA NAVIGATION(6,2)|UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION(6,2)|COMMITMENT FULFILLMENT(6,1)|PRIOR CHEMICAL(6,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,6)|CARBON ABSORPTION COLUMN(5,3)|EMITTING NEGATIVE(5,3)|ENERGY DELIVERY(5,3)|ENERGY SOURCE(5,3)|WIND ENERGY(5,3)|ABSORBING CO2(5,2)|BLOWING FAN(5,2)|DEDICATED NET NEGATIVE DISCHARGE(5,2)|METERING DETECTION(5,2)|OCEAN CURRENT TURBINE(5,2)|WAVE ENERGY(5,2)|ABSORBED SEAWATER PUMPING HEIGHT(5,1)|ABSORBENT AFFINITY(5,1)|ABSORBER COLLECT(5,1)|ABSORBING SEAWATER OUTLET(5,1)|ACTIVE DACS OCEAN PLATFORM(5,1)|COLLECTING SEAWATER ABSORPTION CARBON(5,1)|GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY(5,1)|INCREMENTAL BICARBONATE ION(5,1)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT(5,1)|MARINE SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|OCEAN GGR(5,1)|AIR FLOW INTRODUCTION(4,6)|CONTACT AREA(4,6)|COMPARISON DETECTION(4,3)|ABSORB CO2(4,2)|BLOWING MOTOR(4,2)|CARBON NET NEGATIVE EMISSION(4,2)|DEEP DEPTH(4,2)|DRAIN TUBE OUTLET(4,2)|ROUTING TECHNOLOGY(4,2)|4B PASSIVE OCEAN PLATFORM(4,1)|ABSORBENT ALKALINE STRENGTH(4,1)|ABSORBER SHADING(4,1)|ACTIVE OCEAN PLATFORM ARRAY(4,1)|CARBON ACCOUNTING VERIFICATION(4,1)|EQUIVALENCE DETECTION(4,1)|INTRODUCED ABSORBING SEAWATER(4,1)|INTRODUCED ABSORPTION SEAWATER(4,1)|LOUVER AIR PERMEABLE SHADING(4,1)|LOUVER TRANSPARENT SHADING COVER(4,1)|LOW COST SCALE(4,1)|MARINE ORGANISM AGGREGATION(4,1)|MEASURING CO2E(4,1)|NATURAL WIND ABSORBER ARRAY(4,1)|NEGATIVE DISCHARGE OCEAN PLATFORM(4,1)|NET PROFIT DEDICATION(4,1)|PLATFORM ATTITUDE ADJUSTMENT CAPABILITY(4,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(4,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION CARBON COLLECTION(4,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION(4,1)|SEAWATER PUMP DRIVING(4,1)|SUBSTRONG ALKALI CHEMICAL(4,1)|TRAPPING DISSOLUTION(4,1)|UNCLEAR LEGAL STATUS(4,1)|WASHING SEAWATER(4,1)|DEEP POSITION(3,6)|HCO3(3,5)|WINDPOWER GENERATOR(3,5)|LIGHT ENERGY(3,3)|WATER INTAKE POINT(3,3)|ABSORBER DIRECTION(3,2)|ABSORBER INLET PIPE(3,2)|DIFFERENCE DETECTION(3,2)|DRAINAGE(3,2)|OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY(3,2)|PACKING LAYER(3,2)|REGENERATION(3,2)|SEA AIR COMPUTING(3,2)|TRAPPED AIR(3,2)|4A ACTIVE OCEAN PLATFORM(3,1)|ABSORBER INLET HEIGHT(3,1)|AIR CO2E(3,1)|BLUE CARBON TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(3,1)|CO2E CARBON CAPTURE(3,1)|CONVERTING CO2(3,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION(3,1)|EXCESS CO2(3,1)|FIXED OCEAN PLATFORM(3,1)|FULL DEPLOYMENT(3,1)|INLET ABSORPTION COLUMN(3,1)|LIQUID COLLECTION POOL(3,1)|MARINE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY(3,1)|MARINE GGR NEGATIVE EMISSION(3,1)|NATURAL BLOWING MODE(3,1)|NATURAL PERIPHERY(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(3,1)|OCEAN GREENHOUSE GAS(3,1)| | (WO2024/067448)|1. A direct carbon capture and storage method for blue carbon type air is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: |1) providing an absorber; |2) extracting seawater from the ocean below the sea level to above the sea level to generate absorbing seawater; introducing the absorbing seawater and the air into the absorber; |3) dissolving the absorbing seawater to capture carbon dioxide in the air to generate absorbing seawater in the absorber; and |4) discharging the absorbed seawater into the absorber to generate absorbing seawater The marine carbon storage is realized by discharging into seawater below sea level through a drain pipe; |wherein, the absorber comprises a shading shell cover used for shading the sunlight, so that the contact between the absorbing seawater and the air is carried out under the condition of shading the sunlight, thereby preventing or reducing the growth of marine organisms in the absorber.|2. The direct carbon capture and storage method for air according to Claim 1 is characterized in that in the absorber, the absorbing seawater flows from top to bottom due to the gravitational potential energy, and the introduced air flows from top to bottom, or flows from bottom to top, or flows transversely, so as to contact with the absorbing seawater.|3. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises providing an air blower for introducing air into an absorber.|4. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises the following steps: detecting the carbon dioxide equivalent which is converted by the absorbed seawater to absorb and capture CO2 from the air and then is discharged into the sea surface by the absorbed seawater, generating measurement data, and transmitting the measurement data to a carbon accounting system in real time or regularly.|5. The direct carbon capture and storage method for air according to Claim 1 is characterized in that the absorber also comprises a filler for increasing the contact area between the absorbing seawater and the air.|6. According to the direct carbon capture and storage method for air as described in Claim 1, the method is characterized in that seawater is extracted from the sea below sea level to a height above sea level to which a potential energy is imparted, not higher than 0.5m, or not higher than 1m, or not higher than 3m, or not higher than 5m, or not higher than 10m, or not higher than 15m, or not higher than 20m, or not higher than 30m, or not higher than 50m; the height is defined by the height of the outlet of the absorbed seawater in the absorber relative to the sea level of the water intake point.|7. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises the steps of providing a carbon-free energy source device and providing the required energy source.|8. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises the following steps: a plurality of absorbers are provided; after being absorbed by a plurality of absorbers, seawater generated by the absorbers is converged and discharged into the ocean through a drainage pipe.|9. A direct carbon capture and storage system for air is characterized in that the system comprises: a |seawater pump and a water intake pipe for extracting seawater from the ocean below sea level to above sea level to generate absorbing sea water; an |absorber for introducing air and absorbing sea water so as to absorb carbon dioxide in the air to generate absorbed sea water; a |drainage pipe for discharging the absorbed sea water into the ocean below sea level; |wherein, the absorber comprises a shading shell for shading the sunlight so as to ensure that the contact between the absorbed sea water and the air is carried out under the condition of shading the sunlight, thereby preventing or reducing the growth of sea organisms in the absorber.|10. The direct carbon capture and storage system for air according to claim 9 is characterized in that the absorber is configured to absorb seawater from the top to the bottom by gravity, and the introduced air flows from the top to the bottom, or from the bottom to the top, or transversely, so as to be in contact with the absorbed seawater.|11. The air direct carbon capture and storage system according to claim 9 is characterized in that the air direct carbon capture and storage system further comprises a CO2e metering device used for detecting the equivalent of carbon dioxide converted from the captured CO2 absorbed by the absorbed seawater into the sea by the absorbed seawater and discharged into the sea below the sea surface, generating carbon dioxide equivalent metering data, and transmitting the metering data to the carbon accounting system in real time or periodically.|12. The direct carbon capture and storage system for air according to claim 9 is characterized in that the absorber further comprises a filler for increasing the contact area between the absorbing seawater and the air.|13. According to Claim 9, the direct carbon capture and storage system for air is characterized in that the absorber comprises a water distributor, the outlet of which is not higher than 0.5m, or not higher than 1m, or not higher than 3m, or not higher than 5m, or not higher than 10m, or not higher than 15m, or not higher than 20m, or not higher than 30m, or not higher than 50m, with respect to the sea level of the water intake.|14. The invention is characterized in that the air direct carbon capture and storage system comprises a plurality of absorbers; after the absorbed sea water generated by the absorbers converges, the sea water is discharged into the sea through a drainage pipe.|15. According to claim 9, the air direct carbon capture and storage system is characterized in that the air direct carbon capture and storage system further comprises an energy delivery device for delivering energy generated by the carbon-free energy source device to a device other than the air direct carbon capture and storage system. | (WO2024/067448)|technical field|[0001] The invention provides a blue carbon type air direct carbon capture and storage method and system, which is used for directly capturing and storing CO2 in the air, so as to realize the climate target of net zero carbon emission in the middle of the century, and belongs to the technical field of climate mitigation and carbon negative emission, and the technical field of marine engineering.|background technology|[0002] In the past 30 years, fossil fuel flue gas CO2 was captured and sequestered, namely CCS(Carbon) Capture and Storage, which has been considered a key pillar of climate mitigation but has been held back by the challenge of cost and scale, and for more than a decade, direct capture and sequestration of airborne CO2, known as DACCS (Direct) Air Carbon Capture and Storage, or Technology for Negative Emissions (NET), has never been expected to be the key and core technology, even the ultimate technology, for achieving climate goals.|[0003] However, the cost and scale challenges of the existing DACCS technology are much more serious than CCS. As in a typical chemical air direct carbon capture (DAC) process, the material and energy consumption of the DAC process comprises: energy consumption of an air contactor, absorption of a strong alkali chemical, replacement of a sub-strong alkali chemical, a regeneration system arranged for two sets of chemical applications, and a high power consumption oxygen making plant matched with the regeneration system, and a heat power plant specially constructed for supplying heat and power for the entire DAC system. To this end, it has been estimated that the full deployment of such DAC processes would consume more than half of the world's available power generation.|[0004] American Physical Society (APS) "Using Chemicals to Capture CO2 Directly from Air" (Direct) Air Capture of CO2with Chemicals 2011) The study concluded that the existing chemical DAC technology routes are not economically feasible for climate mitigation and that improved technology routes based on chemical DAC technologies are not sufficient to reduce DAC costs to a feasible level of availability unless a fundamental new technology route is introduced.|[0005] On the other hand, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has been calling for attention to be paid to the use of natural carbon sinks on Earth, which are dominated (over 93%) by the carbon sinks of marine ecosystems. The 2005 Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Special Report of the United Nations Special Committee on Climate Change (IPCC) also noted that 40% of the excess CO2 emitted by humans into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution in 200 was naturally absorbed by the oceans from the atmosphere, and the effective use of carbon sinks in marine ecosystems would constitute a cost effective climate mitigation program. This has brought attention to the use of carbon sinks from marine ecosystems — biotic and abiotic factors in the oceans. Especially since the Paris Agreement was signed and the "net-zero" climate goal was proposed by mid-century, expectations for ocean-based greenhouse gas (GGR) removal, including "negative emissions" (NET), have been rising, and in recent years there has even been a clamor for "real hope that ocean-based GGR will be the net-zero carbon climate goal." However, the ability of the oceans to naturally absorb atmospheric CO2 is limited by the chemical equilibrium at the ocean/atmosphere interface and does not naturally increase, and the scale of absorption does not naturally increase, which cannot automatically replace the much-needed DACCS technology for climate mitigation. Therefore, how to break the limit of chemical equilibrium at the sea-air interface and incrementally utilize the natural carbon sinks of the ocean becomes the direction of marine-based GGR/NET technology. There are mainly two kinds of carbon sinks development: artificial chemicals (including electrochemical products) are advocated to change the chemical equilibrium at the sea-air interface. In essence, the artificial carbon sinks are used to replace the natural carbon sinks. Therefore, the difficult situation caused by the unaffordable cost, unclear legal status and uncertainty of the marine ecological environment impact has not been fundamentally changed. The other group advocates the use of marine biological factors such as seaweed and its ocean fertilization, as well as atypical marine biological factors such as mangroves (intertidal plants), and natural marine-based carbon sinks, but there is a problem of climate mitigation feasibility: first, the overall applicable scale of these marine biological carbon sinks differs significantly from the scale of climate mitigation requirements; second, these marine biological carbon sinks belong to non-independent carbon sinks; it is well known that both biological and abiotic factors of marine ecosystems, which are immersed in the main body of the marine ecosystem without direct contact with the atmosphere, have to be through marine waters to form effective carbon sinks for the atmosphere. Therefore, the prior art proposal of separately utilizing several marine biological factor carbon sinks lacks effectiveness for direct carbon capture and sequestration in air. This also reflects the fact that the concept of blue carbon that has prevailed in the last decade will lose its climate mitigation significance if it is limited to a few marine biotic carbon sinks.|[0006] Patent US11045785B2, filed in 2016, discloses an DACCS scheme based on the utilization of natural ocean carbon sinks, which uses only natural seawater and no artificial chemicals throughout the process, but does not disclose technical solutions such as large-scale deployment methods and carbon accounting framework matching methods.|[0007] Contents of Invention|[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide an economical and feasible direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) solution, which overcomes the defect that the cost of the prior chemical DACCS technical solution is unaffordable.|[0009] The second object of the invention is to overcome the application scale gap of the prior NET technical proposal and provide a DACCS proposal which utilizes the marine ecosystem carbon sink including marine living and abiotic factors in an overall way.|[0010] The third object of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior DACCS technical proposal based on the utilization of the natural ocean carbon sink, and provide an DACCS proposal which can be deployed in a large scale and matched with a carbon accounting framework.|[0011] The overall objective of the invention is to provide a low-cost scale net negative emission solution with zero carbon footprint, zero chemical footprint and zero terrestrial physical footprint for achieving a net zero carbon emission climate goal.|[0012] The technical proposal of the blue carbon type air direct carbon capture and storage method of the invention comprises the following steps:|[0013] 1) providing absorbers;|[0014] 2) extracting seawater from the ocean below sea level to above sea level to generate absorbing seawater; introducing the absorbing seawater and air into the absorber;|[0015] 3) in the absorber, the absorbing seawater is allowed to dissolve the carbon dioxide in the trapped air to generate the absorbed seawater;|[0016] 4) The absorbed seawater is discharged out of the absorber and discharged into the seawater below sea level through a drainage pipe, so as to realize the marine carbon storage;|[0017] Wherein, the absorber comprises a shading shell for shading the sunlight, so that the contact between the absorbing seawater and the air is carried out under the condition of shading the sunlight, thereby preventing or reducing the growth of sea creatures in the absorber.|[0018] The further technical scheme is as follows:|[0019] In the absorber, the absorbing seawater flows from the top to the bottom according to the potential energy which is provided when the absorbing seawater is extracted from the ocean, and the introduced air flows from the top to the bottom, or flows from the bottom to the top, or transversely, so as to contact the absorbing seawater.|[0020] The method also includes providing an air blower for introducing air into the absorber.|[0021] The shading cover is located on top of the absorber, the blower device is located below the shading cover, and the blower device is configured to drive the introduced air to flow from top to bottom, or from bottom to top.|[0022] In the absorber, the introduced air flows transversely, and the shading cover is a shutter type shading cover.|[0023] The carbon capture and storage method further comprises: detecting the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of the hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3-3) which are converted from the absorbed seawater to the seawater below the sea surface after the absorption, generating measurement data, and transmitting the measurement data to the carbon accounting system in real time or periodically.|[0024] The carbon capture and storage method further comprises: detecting carbon dioxide equivalents in the absorbed seawater and carbon dioxide equivalents in the absorbed seawater, so as to realize the detection of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) captured and stored by the absorbed seawater.|[0025] The method for detecting carbon dioxide equivalent in the absorbed seawater and the absorbed seawater comprises the following steps: the content of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) and/or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is detected by adopting an ion selective electrode detection method or a carbon 13 isotope detection method.|[0026] The carbon capture and storage method further comprises: detecting the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the air before the seawater is absorbed and the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the air after the seawater is absorbed, thereby realizing the detection of the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the seawater.|[0027] The absorber also includes a filler for increasing the contact area between the absorbing seawater and the air.|[0028] The extraction of seawater from the sea below sea level to a height above the sea level to which the potential energy is imparted is not greater than 0.5m, or not greater than 1m, or not greater than 3m, or not greater than 5m, or not greater than 10m, or not greater than 15m, or not greater than 20m, or not greater than 30m, or not greater than 50m; the height is defined by the height of the outlet of the absorbing seawater within the absorber relative to the sea level of the point at which the water is taken.|[0029] The absorber is located on a floating ocean platform.|[0030] The method further includes providing a water intake for extracting seawater, the water intake and/or drain being configured to be scalable to facilitate movement of the floating ocean platform.|[0031] The method also includes providing a carbon-free energy source device to provide the required energy source.|[0032] The method also includes providing an energy storage device for storing energy generated by the carbon-free energy source device and providing energy when the carbon-free energy source system is unable to provide energy.|[0033] The method further comprises: when capturing carbon dioxide per ton from air, the energy consumption is not greater than 10GJ/t, or 5GJ/t, or 1GJ/t, or 500MJ/t, or 300MJ/t, or 100MJ/t, or 30MJ/t, or 20MJ/t, or 10MJ/t, or 5MJ/t.|[0034] The method also includes providing a plurality of absorbers, and discharging the absorbed seawater generated by the plurality of absorbers into the ocean through a drain pipe after the absorbed seawater is converged.|[0035] The sea water is extracted from an ocean which has a depth under the sea surface of at least 0.5m, or at least 1 m, or at least 3 m, or at least 5 m, or at least 10 m, or at least 15 m, or at least 20 m, or at least 30 m, or at least 50 m, or at least 80 m, or at least 100m, or at least 150m, or at least 200m, or at least 250m, or at least 300m, or at least 500m, or at least 800m, or at least 1000m, or at least 2000m.|[0036] In step 4), that absorb sea water is expelled from the absorber and is expelled into the sea water below sea level by means of a drain tube by weight, the drain tube outlet being located below the sea surface, or the drain tube outlet being located at a depth below the sea surface of at least 0.5m, or at least 3 m, or at least 5 m, or at least 10 m, or at least 15 m, or at least 20 m, or at least 30 m, or at least 50m, or at least 80m, or at least 100m, or at least 150m, or at least 200m, or at least 250m, or at least 300m, or at least 500m, or at least 800m, or at least 1000m, or at least 2000m in the ocean.|[0037] The steps 1), 2), 3) and 4) are carried out continuously throughout the year.|[0038] The technical proposal of a direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system used in the method of the invention comprises:|[0039] A seawater pump and a water intake pipe are used for pumping seawater from the sea below sea level to above sea level to generate absorption sea water.|[0040] absorber (DAC) Absorber), which is used to introduce air and absorb seawater, so that the absorbed seawater can dissolve the carbon dioxide in the air and generate the absorbed seawater;|[0041] a drain pipe used to drain absorbed seawater into the sea below sea level;|[0042] Wherein, the absorber comprises a shading shell for shading the sunlight, so that the contact between the absorbing seawater and the air is carried out under the condition of shading the sunlight, thereby preventing or reducing the growth of sea creatures in the absorber.|[0043] The further technical scheme is as follows:|[0044] The absorber is configured to absorb seawater flow from the top down due to gravity, and the introduced air flows from the top down, or from the bottom up, or transversely, to come into contact with the absorbed seawater.|[0045] The air direct carbon capture and storage system also includes a blower for introducing air into the absorber.|[0046] The shading cover is located on top of the absorber, the blower device is located below the shading cover, and the blower device is configured to drive the introduced air to flow from top to bottom or from bottom to top.|[0047] In the absorber, the introduced air flows transversely, and the shading cover is a shutter type shading cover.|[0048] The air direct carbon capture and storage system further comprises a CO2e metering device for detecting the equivalence (CO2e) of carbon dioxide absorbed by the absorbed seawater from the air and converted into bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) discharged below the sea surface with the absorbed seawater, generating carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e), and transmitting the metering data to the carbon accounting system in real time or periodically.|[0049] The CO2e metering device comprises means for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in the absorbed seawater and means for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in the absorbed seawater.|[0050] The apparatus for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in absorbed seawater and the apparatus for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in post-absorption seawater are configured to detect the content of hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3-) and/or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by using an ion selective electrode detection method or a carbon 13 isotope detection method.|[0051] The apparatus for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in absorbed seawater and the apparatus for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in absorbed seawater comprise an ion selective electrode or a carbon 13 isotope detector.|[0052] The CO2e metering device comprises means for detecting an amount of carbon dioxide contained in the air before the air comes into contact with the absorbing seawater and means for detecting an amount of carbon dioxide contained in the air after the air comes into contact with the absorbing seawater.|[0053] The absorber also includes a filler for increasing the contact area between the absorbing seawater and the air.|[0054] The filler is made of materials which are tolerant to marine climate, and the materials which are tolerant to marine climate are selected from one or more of metal, ceramic and polymer materials.|[0055] The absorber comprises a water distributor, the outlet of which is not higher than 0.5m, or not higher than 1m, or not higher than 3m, or not higher than 5m, or not higher than 10m, or not higher than 20m, or not higher than 30m, or not higher than 50m, with respect to the sea level of the water intake point.|[0056] The air direct carbon capture and storage system also comprises a floating ocean platform, and the absorber is positioned on the floating ocean platform.|[0057] The water intake and/or drain is configured to be telescopic to facilitate movement of the floating ocean platform.|[0058] The air direct carbon capture and storage system also includes a carbon-free energy source device for providing the required energy source.|[0059] The carbon-free energy source device and the absorber are located on the same ocean platform.|[0060] The ocean platform is a fixed ocean platform or a floating ocean platform.|[0061] The carbon-free energy device is located on a second ocean platform or land.|[0062] The air direct carbon capture and storage system comprises a plurality of absorbers, and after the absorbed sea water generated by the plurality of absorbers converges, the sea water is discharged into the sea through a drainage pipe.|[0063] The inlet of the water intake pipe is positioned in the seawater which is not less than 0.5m, not less than 1m, not less than 3m, not less than 10m, not less than 15m, not less than 20m, not less than 30m, not less than 50m, not less than 100m, not less than 200m, not less than 300m, not less than 500m, not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m deep.|[0064] The outlet of the drain pipe is positioned in the seawater which is not less than 0.5m, not less than 1m, not less than 3m, not less than 5m, not less than 10m, not less than 15m, not less than 20m, not less than 30m, not less than 50m, not less than 100m, not less than 200m, not less than 300m, or not less than 500m deep.|[0065] The air direct carbon capture and storage system also includes an energy delivery device for delivering energy generated by the carbon-free energy source device to a device other than the air direct carbon capture and storage system.|[0066] The technical principle and effect of the invention are as follows:|[0067] On the one hand, the inventor finds that the surface of the ocean is subject to the sun rain due to a large probability, and the surface seawater is often relatively high and relatively light in temperature, relatively low and relatively light in salinity. Therefore, there are two marine hydrological phenomena of "temperature difference and heavy stratification" and "salinity difference and heavy stratification" in the normalization, which lead to a significant deficiency of up-down exchange of the marine water body, and lead to the ocean/atmosphere interface being kept in a chemical equilibrium state of lower CO2 absorption level. Therefore, the proposal of the invention extracts the seawater with lower temperature and higher salinity below the sea surface, and the seawater is fully contacted with the introduced air in the absorber above the sea surface, so as to break the chemical balance of the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere, so that more CO2 in the air is dissolved into the absorbed seawater, and then enters and is sealed in the ocean.|[0068] From the chemical reaction formula of CO2 dissolved in seawater:CO2+H2O+CO32-→2HCO3-we can know that CO2 dissolved in seawater is permanently sealed in the ocean by the natural form of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-)— carbon element.|[0069] On the other hand, the inventor also finds that the controlling factor determining the effect of the absorption and capture of the CO2 with extremely low concentration (about 400ppm) in the air is not the alkaline strength of the absorbent, but the affinity of the absorbent to the CO2, namely the surface activity, and the natural seawater is superior to the artificial chemical preparation in this respect. Therefore, the proposal of the invention only uses the natural seawater to contact the flowing air in the absorber, and carries out the process under the condition of shading the sunlight, so as to avoid the growth of sea creatures and damage the predominant environment of the seawater affinity; in addition, the proposal of the invention can check the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) which is directly captured and stored from the air, and the like, and can carry out large-scale and long-term DACCS deployment in various marine areas including the near seas or the far seas.|[0070] The invention has the advantages that: firstly, the problem of economic feasibility of climate mitigation is solved; the energy consumption cost of the proposal of the invention is reduced by at least two orders of magnitude compared with the technical proposal of the artificial chemical DAC; secondly, the problem of available carbon aggregation scale is solved; the proposal of the invention utilizes the carbon sinks of the marine ecosystem including marine biological and abiotic factors in an integral way, which is beneficial for helping global greenhouse gas emission reduction to get out of the dilemma of carbon sinks shortage; thirdly, the problem of large-scale actual deployment is solved, and the large-scale and accounting actual deployment solution of net negative emission is provided for realizing the "net zero" carbon emission climate target.|[0071] An additional effect is to enrich the concept of blue carbon to include carbon sinks from all marine living and abiotic factors, facilitating the fulfillment of commitments by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to value and advance the use of carbon sinks in marine ecosystems.|Illustration Notes|[0072] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the blue carbon air direct carbon capture and storage method of the present invention.|[0073] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a dedicated net negative emission system for use in the method of the present invention.|[0074] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process flow for a dedicated net negative discharge system embodiment for the method of the present invention.|[0075] FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of yet another embodiment of a dedicated net negative discharge system for use in the method of the present invention.|[0076] FIG. 5 is a schematic of a process flow for another embodiment of a dedicated net negative discharge system for use in the method of the present invention.|[0077] FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a net negative emission power plant system for use in the method of the present invention, characterized in that a wind power plant is deployed in cooperation with a net negative emission marine platform to generate power in a carbon net negative emission manner and deliver it to the outside;|[0078] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a process flow for a net negative discharge power plant system embodiment for the method of the present invention.|[0079] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a net negative discharge system dedicated to ocean current energy for use in the method of the present invention.|[0080] The name of the object of the figure mark in the attached drawing is: 1— carbon-free energy equipment, 1.1— wind power plant, 1.2— wind turbine, 1.3— energy storage equipment, 1.4— power line, 1.5— photovoltaic power plant, 1.6— ocean current energy storage and power plant, 1.7— ocean current turbine, 1.8— energy transmission equipment, 2—DACCS system, 2.1— absorber, 2.2— water distributor, 2.3— packing layer, 2.4— liquid collecting pool, 2.5— Absorber inlet pipe, 2.6— absorber inlet, 2.7— absorber outlet, 2.8— absorber shading shell cover, 2.8'— louver-type wind-permeable shading shell cover, 2.9— air/wind, 2.10— sea water pump, 2.11— water intake pipe, 2.12— drain pipe, 2.13— axial blower, 2.14— blower motor, 2.15— absorber inlet, 2.16— absorber outlet Air Outlet, 2.17— Sink, 2.18— Absorber Inlet Height, 3—CO2e Meter, 3.1— Carbon Accounting System CO2e Data Channel, 3.20 — Detection sampling data channel, 4— floating ocean platform, 4A— active ocean platform, 4B— passive ocean platform, 4.1— absorption column support beam, 4.2— buoy room self-acting system (energy storage equipment, controller, thruster, anchors, etc.).|Specific Implementation Methods|[0081] Example 1: The basic embodiment of the blue carbon type air direct carbon capture and storage method of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:|[0082] 1) The carbon-free energy is used to drive a seawater pump, and seawater is extracted from a deeper part below the sea surface to the sea surface to be taken as the absorbed seawater with potential energy gravity; the absorbed seawater and the air are respectively led into a same absorber (DAC) Absorber);|[0083] 2) the absorbing seawater is fed from the absorber (DAC) Absorber) is introduced externally, and the water dispenser inside the absorption column is dispersed and sprayed downward along the cross section of the absorption column by the self-weight to contact the introduced air and dissolve the CO2 in the trapped air; the absorber is internally provided with a filler layer to increase the contact area between the absorbed seawater and the introduced air and improve the dissolved carbon capture rate;|[0084] 3) After the absorbing seawater dissolves and collects the CO2 in the air, the collecting pool at the lower part of the absorber collects and drains the CO2 into the seawater at a deeper place below the sea surface by the self-weight through a drainage pipe, so as to convert the dissolved and collected air into the incremental bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the absorbing seawater for ocean carbon storage; the air after the absorbing CO2 is drained out of the absorbing column and returns to the atmosphere;|[0085] 4) the detection and measurement of the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of converting CO2 in the dissolved trapping air into hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3 -) into marine sequestration;|[0086] 5) In the absorber, the whole process of the absorption of seawater and air from the first step to the third step is carried out under the condition of shielding the sunlight, so as to prevent the photosynthesis from causing the growth and aggregation of marine organisms in the absorber.|[0087] The embodiments can be used for large-scale and long-term DACCS deployments in various marine areas, including offshore or offshore.|[0088] Example 2: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, such as Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 8. The method and apparatus for detecting and measuring the amount of CO2e directly trapped in air and sealed in the ocean, and for detecting the difference in hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) content and/or the difference in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content by comparing the absorbed seawater introduced into the absorber and the absorbed seawater collected in the lower sump 2.4 of the absorber and discharged through a drain pipe; The comparison detection result is transmitted to a prescribed carbon accounting system as an accounting basis for the amount of CO2e directly captured and sealed by air, and comprises receiving the detection and verification of the carbon accounting system; wherein, the comparison detection of the difference value of the content of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) and/or the difference value of the content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is carried out, one embodiment adopts an ion selective electrode detection method and instrument, and the other embodiment adopts a carbon 13 isotope detection method and instrument. Another embodiment is the DAC The CO2e metering device 3 provides a comparison detection device for performing a difference value of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-content) and/or a difference value of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content for absorbing seawater introduced into the absorber 2.1 and absorbed seawater collected at the lower part and discharged from a drain pipe, the comparison detection device comprises an ion selective electrode and a carbon 13 isotope detector, and further comprises a transmission communication device for transmitting the comparison detection result and calculation data to a designated carbon accounting system; and an embodiment The method and device for detecting the difference of CO2 content of the air introduced into the absorber and the air discharged are adopted to carry out the detection and measurement of the CO2e quantity of the air directly trapped and sealed in the ocean.|[0089] Example 3: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, where the absorber 2.1 is deployed on a floating ocean platform 4, the height of the absorption sea water outlet of the absorber water distributor 2.2 relative to the sea level of the water intake point, It is also the height of the potential energy endowed by the pumping of the seawater absorbed by the absorber, that is, the height of the outlet of the absorber absorbing seawater is 2.18, which is no higher than 0.5m, or no higher than 1m, or no higher than 3m, or no higher than 5m, or no higher than 10m, or no higher than 15m, or no higher than 20m, or no higher than 30m, or no higher than 50m, respectively, so as to guarantee the carbon capture scale. This is because the amount of absorbed seawater is positively correlated with the amount of carbon capture and negatively correlated with the actual pumping height of absorbed seawater when the power of extraction and pumping of absorbed seawater is constant.|[0090] Example 4: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, wherein the absorber 2.1 is internally provided with a water distributor 2.2 for evenly dispersing and dropping the introduced absorption seawater along the cross section of the absorption column, and the introduced air and the downward dropping direction of the absorption seawater are respectively in the flow direction, the reverse flow direction and the cross flow direction.|[0091] Example 5: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 2 to 8, introducing air into a carbon absorption column, respectively, using an active blowing mode in which a carbon-free energy source-driven blowing device directs air into the carbon absorption column, and a natural blowing mode in which natural wind blows through the carbon absorption column. The periphery of the natural air inlet absorption column is a louver type air-permeable shading shell cover 2.8'.|[0092] Example 6: A group of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, the carbon-free energy source device 1 is a carbon-free energy mode of wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy, nuclear energy, and the like, respectively. In another embodiment, the carbon-free energy source device 1 is configured with an energy storage device 1.3 to realize the intermittent power supply. In another group of embodiments, the carbon-free energy source drives a seawater pump, and the natural energy source is respectively converted into mechanical energy and/or an electric energy-driven seawater pump.|[0093] Example 7: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, the seawater in a deeper part below the sea surface is the inlet at the lower end of the water intake pipe 2.11, which is located at not less than 0.5m below the sea surface, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, or not less than 30m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m of the seawater in the deeper part.|[0094] Example 8: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, the drains by weight into the sea water at a deeper depth below the sea surface are the outlets of the drains (2.12), which are located at not less than 0.5m below sea level, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, or not less than 50m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m of the sea water at a deeper depth.|[0095] Example 9: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, wherein the energy consumption (J) of the carbon-free energy source for driving a seawater pump and the energy consumption (J) for introducing air is not greater than 10GJ/t, or 5GJ/t, or 1GJ/t, or 500MJ/t, or 300MJ/t, or 100MJ/t, or 30MJ/t, or 20MJ/t, or 10MJ/t, or 5MJ/t, as the ratio J/t to the amount of carbon dioxide per ton (t-CO2) that is directly trapped and sequestered from air.|[0096] Example 10: Embodiment of a direct air carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) apparatus for the method of the present invention, the apparatus providing an absorber 2.1 for absorbing CO2 in air, and a CO2e meter 3, measuring the CO2e carbon capture and sequestration amount, with an absorber inlet pipe 2.5, a seawater pump 2.10, a water intake pipe 2.11, a drain pipe 2.12 A floating ocean platform 4; the absorber 2.1 is arranged on the floating ocean platform 4 in single or multiple arrays; the absorber 2.1 is internally provided with a water distributor 2.2 which causes the introduced absorbing seawater to be scattered along the cross section of the absorbing column and to fall downwards; a filling layer 2.3 which increases the water-air contact area is arranged on the interior; a shading shell 2.8 which shields the sunlight from being emitted into the sea to prevent the growth of sea creatures is arranged on the exterior; the seawater pump 2.10 pumps the seawater which is extracted from below the sea surface as the absorbing seawater and enters into the water distributor 2.2 which is arranged in the absorber 2.1 through a water inlet pipe 2.5 of the absorber 2.5 to spread downwards along the cross section of the absorbing column and falls to the filling layer The invention relates to a method for collecting seawater absorption carbon by air which is blown into an absorber 2.1 by a direct blowing and/or a blowing device (axial blowing fan 2.13 and a blowing motor 2.14) and flows through a filler layer 2.3, the absorbed decarbonized air is discharged to an absorption column 2.1 and returned to the atmosphere; the absorbed seawater which flows through the filler layer to absorb CO2 in the air and contains incremental hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3 -) is absorbed, and the method for collecting the seawater absorption carbon by the direct blowing and/or the blowing device (axial blowing fan 2.13 and the blowing motor 2.14) The DAC is collected at the lower part of the absorption column 2.1, flows out from the water outlet 2.7 of the absorber, and is fed into seawater below the sea surface by the drainage pipe 2.12 or by the drainage pipe 2.12 after passing through the bus channel 2.17; The CO2e metering device 3 detects the direct air carbon capture and storage amount and generates data; the drive energy required by the seawater pump 2.10 and/or the blower device (axial blower 2.13 and blower motor 2.14) is provided by the carbon-free energy source device 1 with zero carbon footprint, so as to realize the net negative discharge of the whole process.|[0097] Example 11: A set of embodiments based on Example 10, where the carbon-free energy device 1 and the absorber 2.1 are mounted on the same floating ocean platform 4 and combined into an active ocean platform 4A; the active DACS ocean platform 4A, including fixed and mobile; The carbon-free energy source device 1 on the active ocean platform 4A comprises an energy storage device 1.3; the active ocean platform 4A comprises a buoy room self-acting system 4.2, wherein, the energy storage device, a controller, a propeller, an anchor and the like are arranged; the buoy room self-acting system 4.2 is provided with a propulsion power and a control capability for enabling the floating ocean platform 4 to realize ocean navigation, and/or a platform attitude adjustment capability, and the buoy room self-acting system 4.2 is provided with a power and a control capability for enabling the floating ocean platform 4 to realize ocean navigation The invention relates to a method for fixing or moving an ocean platform to a designated sea area; the designated sea area comprises the sea area with large shallow sea temperature difference and thus high DACCS quantity, the sea area which needs to avoid human or marine biological activity, and the sea area which is needed by the active ocean platform; one embodiment is that the array of the active ocean platform forms the DACCS group.|[0098] Example 12: A set of embodiments based on Example 10, wherein the carbon-free energy device 1 is separately deployed around the passive ocean platform 4B installed in the absorber 2.1, including adjacent sea and/or shore, the carbon-free energy device 1 supplies power to the passive ocean platform 4B; the carbon-free energy device 1 comprises a wind power plant, a photovoltaic power plant, and other natural energy power plants, and a nuclear power plant.|[0099] Example 13: An example based on Example 10, where the filler layer 2.3 is made of a marine climate tolerant material, including metal, ceramic, polymer, and the like.|[0100] Example 14: An example based on Example 1 and Example 10 is an example of a carbon-free negative emission energy production system for the method and apparatus of the present invention, the carbon-free energy device 1 comprising a carbon-free energy production facility such as wind energy, light energy, wave tidal energy, nuclear energy, etc., and providing a zero-carbon footprint of power and/or heat energy, and/or energy products such as hydrogen production, etc., to an energy load other than DACCS through an energy delivery device 1.8 as required.|[0101] embodiment 15: is a set of embodiment base on embodiment 1,|[0102] An embodiment of a dedicated net negative emission system for the method of the invention is shown in FIG. 2 and is characterized in that a dedicated net negative emission marine platform is provided with a horizontal axis wind turbine as a carbon-free energy system and an array of DAC (Direct Carbon Capture by Air) absorption columns.|[0103] The invention is characterized in that the electric power generated by the wind power generator drives the fan at the upper part of the absorber to blast axially, so that the air flows through a filler layer from top to bottom along the axial direction of the absorber or from bottom to top, and the top of the absorption column and the surrounding are provided with a shading shell; the wind power generator simultaneously drives the seawater pump to extract seawater from a deeper place, and the wind power generator drives the seawater pump to pump the seawater from the deeper place, thereby realizing the high efficiency and low cost of the air absorption system. A special net negative discharge system is provided with a metering detection system capable of accounting for CO2e, and measures according to the content difference of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in and out of the washing sea water and the flow numerical value; the wind power generator is provided with an energy storage device to realize the non-intermittent operation of the net negative discharge system.|[0104] The invention is characterized in that a vertical axial fan array is arranged on the ocean platform, and a natural wind absorber array forms a special net negative discharge ocean platform, wherein, the periphery of the natural wind absorbing air is a louver type wind-permeable shading cover 2.8'.|[0105] The invention is characterized in that a vertical axial fan directly drives a fan to blast axially, an absorber is provided with an air inlet axially, a shading cover is arranged on the top part, the vertical axial fan simultaneously directly drives a seawater pump to extract seawater from a deeper place, the seawater is injected into the absorber and flows through a filler layer to wash the air to absorb CO2; the special net negative discharge system is provided with a metering detection system capable of accounting for CO2e; the system is designed to work intermittently with wind power.|[0106] Example of a net negative emission power plant system for use in that method of the present invention as shown in FIG. 6 is characterize in that a wind power plant is deployed in cooperation with a net negative emission marine platform to generate electricity in a carbon net negative emission manner and deliver it to the outside;|[0107] The invention is characterized in that the carbon-free energy source composed of a wind power generator and/or a photovoltaic power station is adopted, the generated electric power drives the fan on the upper part of the absorber to be axially blown, the air flows through a filler layer along the axial direction of the absorber, the top part of the absorption column and the surrounding shading shell cover are arranged; the carbon-free energy source electric power simultaneously drives a seawater pump to extract seawater from a deeper place, and the invention is characterized in that: the carbon-free energy source electric power is provided with the air and the shading shell cover It is characterized by that it can be used for measuring CO2e, and can be used for measuring CO2e, and can be used for measuring CO2e, and can be used for measuring CO2e.|[0108] The invention is characterized in that an ocean current turbine 1.7 is arranged on a floating ocean platform 4, the ocean current energy is used to drive a seawater pump 2.10 to extract the seawater from a deeper place, an absorber 2.1 is injected into the sea and flows through a packing layer 2.3, The absorber is provided with a louver-type transparent shading cover 2.8' which allows the natural wind to cross the absorber transversely and shield the sunlight from being emitted into the absorber; and an ocean current energy storage power generation device 1.6 which is provided to the DAC The CO2e metering device 3 and the ocean platform self-mobility system 4.2 are powered; the floating ocean platform 4 can be moved or anchored in a specified sea area as required.|[0109] The scope of protection of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. | (WO2024/067448)|technical field|[0001] The invention provides a blue carbon type air direct carbon capture and storage method and system, which is used for directly capturing and storing CO2 in the air, so as to realize the climate target of net zero carbon emission in the middle of the century, and belongs to the technical field of climate mitigation and carbon negative emission, and the technical field of marine engineering.|background technology|[0002] In the past 30 years, fossil fuel flue gas CO2 was captured and sequestered, namely CCS(Carbon) Capture and Storage, which has been considered a key pillar of climate mitigation but has been held back by the challenge of cost and scale, and for more than a decade, direct capture and sequestration of airborne CO2, known as DACCS (Direct) Air Carbon Capture and Storage, or Technology for Negative Emissions (NET), has never been expected to be the key and core technology, even the ultimate technology, for achieving climate goals.|[0003] However, the cost and scale challenges of the existing DACCS technology are much more serious than CCS. As in a typical chemical air direct carbon capture (DAC) process, the material and energy consumption of the DAC process comprises: energy consumption of an air contactor, absorption of a strong alkali chemical, replacement of a sub-strong alkali chemical, a regeneration system arranged for two sets of chemical applications, and a high power consumption oxygen making plant matched with the regeneration system, and a heat power plant specially constructed for supplying heat and power for the entire DAC system. To this end, it has been estimated that the full deployment of such DAC processes would consume more than half of the world's available power generation.|[0004] American Physical Society (APS) "Using Chemicals to Capture CO2 Directly from Air" (Direct) Air Capture of CO2with Chemicals 2011) The study concluded that the existing chemical DAC technology routes are not economically feasible for climate mitigation and that improved technology routes based on chemical DAC technologies are not sufficient to reduce DAC costs to a feasible level of availability unless a fundamental new technology route is introduced.|[0005] On the other hand, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has been calling for attention to be paid to the use of natural carbon sinks on Earth, which are dominated (over 93%) by the carbon sinks of marine ecosystems. The 2005 Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Special Report of the United Nations Special Committee on Climate Change (IPCC) also noted that 40% of the excess CO2 emitted by humans into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution in 200 was naturally absorbed by the oceans from the atmosphere, and the effective use of carbon sinks in marine ecosystems would constitute a cost effective climate mitigation program. This has brought attention to the use of carbon sinks from marine ecosystems — biotic and abiotic factors in the oceans. Especially since the Paris Agreement was signed and the "net-zero" climate goal was proposed by mid-century, expectations for ocean-based greenhouse gas (GGR) removal, including "negative emissions" (NET), have been rising, and in recent years there has even been a clamor for "real hope that ocean-based GGR will be the net-zero carbon climate goal." However, the ability of the oceans to naturally absorb atmospheric CO2 is limited by the chemical equilibrium at the ocean/atmosphere interface and does not naturally increase, and the scale of absorption does not naturally increase, which cannot automatically replace the much-needed DACCS technology for climate mitigation. Therefore, how to break the limit of chemical equilibrium at the sea-air interface and incrementally utilize the natural carbon sinks of the ocean becomes the direction of marine-based GGR/NET technology. There are mainly two kinds of carbon sinks development: artificial chemicals (including electrochemical products) are advocated to change the chemical equilibrium at the sea-air interface. In essence, the artificial carbon sinks are used to replace the natural carbon sinks. Therefore, the difficult situation caused by the unaffordable cost, unclear legal status and uncertainty of the marine ecological environment impact has not been fundamentally changed. The other group advocates the use of marine biological factors such as seaweed and its ocean fertilization, as well as atypical marine biological factors such as mangroves (intertidal plants), and natural marine-based carbon sinks, but there is a problem of climate mitigation feasibility: first, the overall applicable scale of these marine biological carbon sinks differs significantly from the scale of climate mitigation requirements; second, these marine biological carbon sinks belong to non-independent carbon sinks; it is well known that both biological and abiotic factors of marine ecosystems, which are immersed in the main body of the marine ecosystem without direct contact with the atmosphere, have to be through marine waters to form effective carbon sinks for the atmosphere. Therefore, the prior art proposal of separately utilizing several marine biological factor carbon sinks lacks effectiveness for direct carbon capture and sequestration in air. This also reflects the fact that the concept of blue carbon that has prevailed in the last decade will lose its climate mitigation significance if it is limited to a few marine biotic carbon sinks.|[0006] Patent US11045785B2, filed in 2016, discloses an DACCS scheme based on the utilization of natural ocean carbon sinks, which uses only natural seawater and no artificial chemicals throughout the process, but does not disclose technical solutions such as large-scale deployment methods and carbon accounting framework matching methods.|[0007] Contents of Invention|[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide an economical and feasible direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) solution, which overcomes the defect that the cost of the prior chemical DACCS technical solution is unaffordable.|[0009] The second object of the invention is to overcome the application scale gap of the prior NET technical proposal and provide a DACCS proposal which utilizes the marine ecosystem carbon sink including marine living and abiotic factors in an overall way.|[0010] The third object of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior DACCS technical proposal based on the utilization of the natural ocean carbon sink, and provide an DACCS proposal which can be deployed in a large scale and matched with a carbon accounting framework.|[0011] The overall objective of the invention is to provide a low-cost scale net negative emission solution with zero carbon footprint, zero chemical footprint and zero terrestrial physical footprint for achieving a net zero carbon emission climate goal.|[0012] The technical proposal of the blue carbon type air direct carbon capture and storage method of the invention comprises the following steps:|[0013] 1) providing absorbers;|[0014] 2) extracting seawater from the ocean below sea level to above sea level to generate absorbing seawater; introducing the absorbing seawater and air into the absorber;|[0015] 3) in the absorber, the absorbing seawater is allowed to dissolve the carbon dioxide in the trapped air to generate the absorbed seawater;|[0016] 4) The absorbed seawater is discharged out of the absorber and discharged into the seawater below sea level through a drainage pipe, so as to realize the marine carbon storage;|[0017] Wherein, the absorber comprises a shading shell for shading the sunlight, so that the contact between the absorbing seawater and the air is carried out under the condition of shading the sunlight, thereby preventing or reducing the growth of sea creatures in the absorber.|[0018] The further technical scheme is as follows:|[0019] In the absorber, the absorbing seawater flows from the top to the bottom according to the potential energy which is provided when the absorbing seawater is extracted from the ocean, and the introduced air flows from the top to the bottom, or flows from the bottom to the top, or transversely, so as to contact the absorbing seawater.|[0020] The method also includes providing an air blower for introducing air into the absorber.|[0021] The shading cover is located on top of the absorber, the blower device is located below the shading cover, and the blower device is configured to drive the introduced air to flow from top to bottom, or from bottom to top.|[0022] In the absorber, the introduced air flows transversely, and the shading cover is a shutter type shading cover.|[0023] The carbon capture and storage method further comprises: detecting the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of the hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3-3) which are converted from the absorbed seawater to the seawater below the sea surface after the absorption, generating measurement data, and transmitting the measurement data to the carbon accounting system in real time or periodically.|[0024] The carbon capture and storage method further comprises: detecting carbon dioxide equivalents in the absorbed seawater and carbon dioxide equivalents in the absorbed seawater, so as to realize the detection of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) captured and stored by the absorbed seawater.|[0025] The method for detecting carbon dioxide equivalent in the absorbed seawater and the absorbed seawater comprises the following steps: the content of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) and/or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is detected by adopting an ion selective electrode detection method or a carbon 13 isotope detection method.|[0026] The carbon capture and storage method further comprises: detecting the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the air before the seawater is absorbed and the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the air after the seawater is absorbed, thereby realizing the detection of the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the seawater.|[0027] The absorber also includes a filler for increasing the contact area between the absorbing seawater and the air.|[0028] The extraction of seawater from the sea below sea level to a height above the sea level to which the potential energy is imparted is not greater than 0.5m, or not greater than 1m, or not greater than 3m, or not greater than 5m, or not greater than 10m, or not greater than 15m, or not greater than 20m, or not greater than 30m, or not greater than 50m; the height is defined by the height of the outlet of the absorbing seawater within the absorber relative to the sea level of the point at which the water is taken.|[0029] The absorber is located on a floating ocean platform.|[0030] The method further includes providing a water intake for extracting seawater, the water intake and/or drain being configured to be scalable to facilitate movement of the floating ocean platform.|[0031] The method also includes providing a carbon-free energy source device to provide the required energy source.|[0032] The method also includes providing an energy storage device for storing energy generated by the carbon-free energy source device and providing energy when the carbon-free energy source system is unable to provide energy.|[0033] The method further comprises: when capturing carbon dioxide per ton from air, the energy consumption is not greater than 10GJ/t, or 5GJ/t, or 1GJ/t, or 500MJ/t, or 300MJ/t, or 100MJ/t, or 30MJ/t, or 20MJ/t, or 10MJ/t, or 5MJ/t.|[0034] The method also includes providing a plurality of absorbers, and discharging the absorbed seawater generated by the plurality of absorbers into the ocean through a drain pipe after the absorbed seawater is converged.|[0035] The sea water is extracted from an ocean which has a depth under the sea surface of at least 0.5m, or at least 1 m, or at least 3 m, or at least 5 m, or at least 10 m, or at least 15 m, or at least 20 m, or at least 30 m, or at least 50 m, or at least 80 m, or at least 100m, or at least 150m, or at least 200m, or at least 250m, or at least 300m, or at least 500m, or at least 800m, or at least 1000m, or at least 2000m.|[0036] In step 4), that absorb sea water is expelled from the absorber and is expelled into the sea water below sea level by means of a drain tube by weight, the drain tube outlet being located below the sea surface, or the drain tube outlet being located at a depth below the sea surface of at least 0.5m, or at least 3 m, or at least 5 m, or at least 10 m, or at least 15 m, or at least 20 m, or at least 30 m, or at least 50m, or at least 80m, or at least 100m, or at least 150m, or at least 200m, or at least 250m, or at least 300m, or at least 500m, or at least 800m, or at least 1000m, or at least 2000m in the ocean.|[0037] The steps 1), 2), 3) and 4) are carried out continuously throughout the year.|[0038] The technical proposal of a direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system used in the method of the invention comprises:|[0039] A seawater pump and a water intake pipe are used for pumping seawater from the sea below sea level to above sea level to generate absorption sea water.|[0040] absorber (DAC) Absorber), which is used to introduce air and absorb seawater, so that the absorbed seawater can dissolve the carbon dioxide in the air and generate the absorbed seawater;|[0041] a drain pipe used to drain absorbed seawater into the sea below sea level;|[0042] Wherein, the absorber comprises a shading shell for shading the sunlight, so that the contact between the absorbing seawater and the air is carried out under the condition of shading the sunlight, thereby preventing or reducing the growth of sea creatures in the absorber.|[0043] The further technical scheme is as follows:|[0044] The absorber is configured to absorb seawater flow from the top down due to gravity, and the introduced air flows from the top down, or from the bottom up, or transversely, to come into contact with the absorbed seawater.|[0045] The air direct carbon capture and storage system also includes a blower for introducing air into the absorber.|[0046] The shading cover is located on top of the absorber, the blower device is located below the shading cover, and the blower device is configured to drive the introduced air to flow from top to bottom or from bottom to top.|[0047] In the absorber, the introduced air flows transversely, and the shading cover is a shutter type shading cover.|[0048] The air direct carbon capture and storage system further comprises a CO2e metering device for detecting the equivalence (CO2e) of carbon dioxide absorbed by the absorbed seawater from the air and converted into bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) discharged below the sea surface with the absorbed seawater, generating carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e), and transmitting the metering data to the carbon accounting system in real time or periodically.|[0049] The CO2e metering device comprises means for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in the absorbed seawater and means for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in the absorbed seawater.|[0050] The apparatus for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in absorbed seawater and the apparatus for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in post-absorption seawater are configured to detect the content of hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3-) and/or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by using an ion selective electrode detection method or a carbon 13 isotope detection method.|[0051] The apparatus for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in absorbed seawater and the apparatus for detecting carbon dioxide equivalence in absorbed seawater comprise an ion selective electrode or a carbon 13 isotope detector.|[0052] The CO2e metering device comprises means for detecting an amount of carbon dioxide contained in the air before the air comes into contact with the absorbing seawater and means for detecting an amount of carbon dioxide contained in the air after the air comes into contact with the absorbing seawater.|[0053] The absorber also includes a filler for increasing the contact area between the absorbing seawater and the air.|[0054] The filler is made of materials which are tolerant to marine climate, and the materials which are tolerant to marine climate are selected from one or more of metal, ceramic and polymer materials.|[0055] The absorber comprises a water distributor, the outlet of which is not higher than 0.5m, or not higher than 1m, or not higher than 3m, or not higher than 5m, or not higher than 10m, or not higher than 20m, or not higher than 30m, or not higher than 50m, with respect to the sea level of the water intake point.|[0056] The air direct carbon capture and storage system also comprises a floating ocean platform, and the absorber is positioned on the floating ocean platform.|[0057] The water intake and/or drain is configured to be telescopic to facilitate movement of the floating ocean platform.|[0058] The air direct carbon capture and storage system also includes a carbon-free energy source device for providing the required energy source.|[0059] The carbon-free energy source device and the absorber are located on the same ocean platform.|[0060] The ocean platform is a fixed ocean platform or a floating ocean platform.|[0061] The carbon-free energy device is located on a second ocean platform or land.|[0062] The air direct carbon capture and storage system comprises a plurality of absorbers, and after the absorbed sea water generated by the plurality of absorbers converges, the sea water is discharged into the sea through a drainage pipe.|[0063] The inlet of the water intake pipe is positioned in the seawater which is not less than 0.5m, not less than 1m, not less than 3m, not less than 10m, not less than 15m, not less than 20m, not less than 30m, not less than 50m, not less than 100m, not less than 200m, not less than 300m, not less than 500m, not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m deep.|[0064] The outlet of the drain pipe is positioned in the seawater which is not less than 0.5m, not less than 1m, not less than 3m, not less than 5m, not less than 10m, not less than 15m, not less than 20m, not less than 30m, not less than 50m, not less than 100m, not less than 200m, not less than 300m, or not less than 500m deep.|[0065] The air direct carbon capture and storage system also includes an energy delivery device for delivering energy generated by the carbon-free energy source device to a device other than the air direct carbon capture and storage system.|[0066] The technical principle and effect of the invention are as follows:|[0067] On the one hand, the inventor finds that the surface of the ocean is subject to the sun rain due to a large probability, and the surface seawater is often relatively high and relatively light in temperature, relatively low and relatively light in salinity. Therefore, there are two marine hydrological phenomena of "temperature difference and heavy stratification" and "salinity difference and heavy stratification" in the normalization, which lead to a significant deficiency of up-down exchange of the marine water body, and lead to the ocean/atmosphere interface being kept in a chemical equilibrium state of lower CO2 absorption level. Therefore, the proposal of the invention extracts the seawater with lower temperature and higher salinity below the sea surface, and the seawater is fully contacted with the introduced air in the absorber above the sea surface, so as to break the chemical balance of the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere, so that more CO2 in the air is dissolved into the absorbed seawater, and then enters and is sealed in the ocean.|[0068] From the chemical reaction formula of CO2 dissolved in seawater:CO2+H2O+CO32-→2HCO3-we can know that CO2 dissolved in seawater is permanently sealed in the ocean by the natural form of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-)— carbon element.|[0069] On the other hand, the inventor also finds that the controlling factor determining the effect of the absorption and capture of the CO2 with extremely low concentration (about 400ppm) in the air is not the alkaline strength of the absorbent, but the affinity of the absorbent to the CO2, namely the surface activity, and the natural seawater is superior to the artificial chemical preparation in this respect. Therefore, the proposal of the invention only uses the natural seawater to contact the flowing air in the absorber, and carries out the process under the condition of shading the sunlight, so as to avoid the growth of sea creatures and damage the predominant environment of the seawater affinity; in addition, the proposal of the invention can check the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) which is directly captured and stored from the air, and the like, and can carry out large-scale and long-term DACCS deployment in various marine areas including the near seas or the far seas.|[0070] The invention has the advantages that: firstly, the problem of economic feasibility of climate mitigation is solved; the energy consumption cost of the proposal of the invention is reduced by at least two orders of magnitude compared with the technical proposal of the artificial chemical DAC; secondly, the problem of available carbon aggregation scale is solved; the proposal of the invention utilizes the carbon sinks of the marine ecosystem including marine biological and abiotic factors in an integral way, which is beneficial for helping global greenhouse gas emission reduction to get out of the dilemma of carbon sinks shortage; thirdly, the problem of large-scale actual deployment is solved, and the large-scale and accounting actual deployment solution of net negative emission is provided for realizing the "net zero" carbon emission climate target.|[0071] An additional effect is to enrich the concept of blue carbon to include carbon sinks from all marine living and abiotic factors, facilitating the fulfillment of commitments by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to value and advance the use of carbon sinks in marine ecosystems.|Illustration Notes|[0072] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the blue carbon air direct carbon capture and storage method of the present invention.|[0073] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a dedicated net negative emission system for use in the method of the present invention.|[0074] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process flow for a dedicated net negative discharge system embodiment for the method of the present invention.|[0075] FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of yet another embodiment of a dedicated net negative discharge system for use in the method of the present invention.|[0076] FIG. 5 is a schematic of a process flow for another embodiment of a dedicated net negative discharge system for use in the method of the present invention.|[0077] FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a net negative emission power plant system for use in the method of the present invention, characterized in that a wind power plant is deployed in cooperation with a net negative emission marine platform to generate power in a carbon net negative emission manner and deliver it to the outside;|[0078] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a process flow for a net negative discharge power plant system embodiment for the method of the present invention.|[0079] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a net negative discharge system dedicated to ocean current energy for use in the method of the present invention.|[0080] The name of the object of the figure mark in the attached drawing is: 1— carbon-free energy equipment, 1.1— wind power plant, 1.2— wind turbine, 1.3— energy storage equipment, 1.4— power line, 1.5— photovoltaic power plant, 1.6— ocean current energy storage and power plant, 1.7— ocean current turbine, 1.8— energy transmission equipment, 2—DACCS system, 2.1— absorber, 2.2— water distributor, 2.3— packing layer, 2.4— liquid collecting pool, 2.5— Absorber inlet pipe, 2.6— absorber inlet, 2.7— absorber outlet, 2.8— absorber shading shell cover, 2.8'— louver-type wind-permeable shading shell cover, 2.9— air/wind, 2.10— sea water pump, 2.11— water intake pipe, 2.12— drain pipe, 2.13— axial blower, 2.14— blower motor, 2.15— absorber inlet, 2.16— absorber outlet Air Outlet, 2.17— Sink, 2.18— Absorber Inlet Height, 3—CO2e Meter, 3.1— Carbon Accounting System CO2e Data Channel, 3.20 — Detection sampling data channel, 4— floating ocean platform, 4A— active ocean platform, 4B— passive ocean platform, 4.1— absorption column support beam, 4.2— buoy room self-acting system (energy storage equipment, controller, thruster, anchors, etc.).|Specific Implementation Methods|[0081] Example 1: The basic embodiment of the blue carbon type air direct carbon capture and storage method of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:|[0082] 1) The carbon-free energy is used to drive a seawater pump, and seawater is extracted from a deeper part below the sea surface to the sea surface to be taken as the absorbed seawater with potential energy gravity; the absorbed seawater and the air are respectively led into a same absorber (DAC) Absorber);|[0083] 2) the absorbing seawater is fed from the absorber (DAC) Absorber) is introduced externally, and the water dispenser inside the absorption column is dispersed and sprayed downward along the cross section of the absorption column by the self-weight to contact the introduced air and dissolve the CO2 in the trapped air; the absorber is internally provided with a filler layer to increase the contact area between the absorbed seawater and the introduced air and improve the dissolved carbon capture rate;|[0084] 3) After the absorbing seawater dissolves and collects the CO2 in the air, the collecting pool at the lower part of the absorber collects and drains the CO2 into the seawater at a deeper place below the sea surface by the self-weight through a drainage pipe, so as to convert the dissolved and collected air into the incremental bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the absorbing seawater for ocean carbon storage; the air after the absorbing CO2 is drained out of the absorbing column and returns to the atmosphere;|[0085] 4) the detection and measurement of the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of converting CO2 in the dissolved trapping air into hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3 -) into marine sequestration;|[0086] 5) In the absorber, the whole process of the absorption of seawater and air from the first step to the third step is carried out under the condition of shielding the sunlight, so as to prevent the photosynthesis from causing the growth and aggregation of marine organisms in the absorber.|[0087] The embodiments can be used for large-scale and long-term DACCS deployments in various marine areas, including offshore or offshore.|[0088] Example 2: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, such as Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 8. The method and apparatus for detecting and measuring the amount of CO2e directly trapped in air and sealed in the ocean, and for detecting the difference in hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) content and/or the difference in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content by comparing the absorbed seawater introduced into the absorber and the absorbed seawater collected in the lower sump 2.4 of the absorber and discharged through a drain pipe; The comparison detection result is transmitted to a prescribed carbon accounting system as an accounting basis for the amount of CO2e directly captured and sealed by air, and comprises receiving the detection and verification of the carbon accounting system; wherein, the comparison detection of the difference value of the content of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) and/or the difference value of the content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is carried out, one embodiment adopts an ion selective electrode detection method and instrument, and the other embodiment adopts a carbon 13 isotope detection method and instrument. Another embodiment is the DAC The CO2e metering device 3 provides a comparison detection device for performing a difference value of hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-content) and/or a difference value of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content for absorbing seawater introduced into the absorber 2.1 and absorbed seawater collected at the lower part and discharged from a drain pipe, the comparison detection device comprises an ion selective electrode and a carbon 13 isotope detector, and further comprises a transmission communication device for transmitting the comparison detection result and calculation data to a designated carbon accounting system; and an embodiment The method and device for detecting the difference of CO2 content of the air introduced into the absorber and the air discharged are adopted to carry out the detection and measurement of the CO2e quantity of the air directly trapped and sealed in the ocean.|[0089] Example 3: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, where the absorber 2.1 is deployed on a floating ocean platform 4, the height of the absorption sea water outlet of the absorber water distributor 2.2 relative to the sea level of the water intake point, It is also the height of the potential energy endowed by the pumping of the seawater absorbed by the absorber, that is, the height of the outlet of the absorber absorbing seawater is 2.18, which is no higher than 0.5m, or no higher than 1m, or no higher than 3m, or no higher than 5m, or no higher than 10m, or no higher than 15m, or no higher than 20m, or no higher than 30m, or no higher than 50m, respectively, so as to guarantee the carbon capture scale. This is because the amount of absorbed seawater is positively correlated with the amount of carbon capture and negatively correlated with the actual pumping height of absorbed seawater when the power of extraction and pumping of absorbed seawater is constant.|[0090] Example 4: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, wherein the absorber 2.1 is internally provided with a water distributor 2.2 for evenly dispersing and dropping the introduced absorption seawater along the cross section of the absorption column, and the introduced air and the downward dropping direction of the absorption seawater are respectively in the flow direction, the reverse flow direction and the cross flow direction.|[0091] Example 5: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 2 to 8, introducing air into a carbon absorption column, respectively, using an active blowing mode in which a carbon-free energy source-driven blowing device directs air into the carbon absorption column, and a natural blowing mode in which natural wind blows through the carbon absorption column. The periphery of the natural air inlet absorption column is a louver type air-permeable shading shell cover 2.8'.|[0092] Example 6: A group of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, the carbon-free energy source device 1 is a carbon-free energy mode of wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy, nuclear energy, and the like, respectively. In another embodiment, the carbon-free energy source device 1 is configured with an energy storage device 1.3 to realize the intermittent power supply. In another group of embodiments, the carbon-free energy source drives a seawater pump, and the natural energy source is respectively converted into mechanical energy and/or an electric energy-driven seawater pump.|[0093] Example 7: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, the seawater in a deeper part below the sea surface is the inlet at the lower end of the water intake pipe 2.11, which is located at not less than 0.5m below the sea surface, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, or not less than 30m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m of the seawater in the deeper part.|[0094] Example 8: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, the drains by weight into the sea water at a deeper depth below the sea surface are the outlets of the drains (2.12), which are located at not less than 0.5m below sea level, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, or not less than 50m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m of the sea water at a deeper depth.|[0095] Example 9: A set of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, wherein the energy consumption (J) of the carbon-free energy source for driving a seawater pump and the energy consumption (J) for introducing air is not greater than 10GJ/t, or 5GJ/t, or 1GJ/t, or 500MJ/t, or 300MJ/t, or 100MJ/t, or 30MJ/t, or 20MJ/t, or 10MJ/t, or 5MJ/t, as the ratio J/t to the amount of carbon dioxide per ton (t-CO2) that is directly trapped and sequestered from air.|[0096] Example 10: Embodiment of a direct air carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) apparatus for the method of the present invention, the apparatus providing an absorber 2.1 for absorbing CO2 in air, and a CO2e meter 3, measuring the CO2e carbon capture and sequestration amount, with an absorber inlet pipe 2.5, a seawater pump 2.10, a water intake pipe 2.11, a drain pipe 2.12 A floating ocean platform 4; the absorber 2.1 is arranged on the floating ocean platform 4 in single or multiple arrays; the absorber 2.1 is internally provided with a water distributor 2.2 which causes the introduced absorbing seawater to be scattered along the cross section of the absorbing column and to fall downwards; a filling layer 2.3 which increases the water-air contact area is arranged on the interior; a shading shell 2.8 which shields the sunlight from being emitted into the sea to prevent the growth of sea creatures is arranged on the exterior; the seawater pump 2.10 pumps the seawater which is extracted from below the sea surface as the absorbing seawater and enters into the water distributor 2.2 which is arranged in the absorber 2.1 through a water inlet pipe 2.5 of the absorber 2.5 to spread downwards along the cross section of the absorbing column and falls to the filling layer The invention relates to a method for collecting seawater absorption carbon by air which is blown into an absorber 2.1 by a direct blowing and/or a blowing device (axial blowing fan 2.13 and a blowing motor 2.14) and flows through a filler layer 2.3, the absorbed decarbonized air is discharged to an absorption column 2.1 and returned to the atmosphere; the absorbed seawater which flows through the filler layer to absorb CO2 in the air and contains incremental hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3 -) is absorbed, and the method for collecting the seawater absorption carbon by the direct blowing and/or the blowing device (axial blowing fan 2.13 and the blowing motor 2.14) The DAC is collected at the lower part of the absorption column 2.1, flows out from the water outlet 2.7 of the absorber, and is fed into seawater below the sea surface by the drainage pipe 2.12 or by the drainage pipe 2.12 after passing through the bus channel 2.17; The CO2e metering device 3 detects the direct air carbon capture and storage amount and generates data; the drive energy required by the seawater pump 2.10 and/or the blower device (axial blower 2.13 and blower motor 2.14) is provided by the carbon-free energy source device 1 with zero carbon footprint, so as to realize the net negative discharge of the whole process.|[0097] Example 11: A set of embodiments based on Example 10, where the carbon-free energy device 1 and the absorber 2.1 are mounted on the same floating ocean platform 4 and combined into an active ocean platform 4A; the active DACS ocean platform 4A, including fixed and mobile; The carbon-free energy source device 1 on the active ocean platform 4A comprises an energy storage device 1.3; the active ocean platform 4A comprises a buoy room self-acting system 4.2, wherein, the energy storage device, a controller, a propeller, an anchor and the like are arranged; the buoy room self-acting system 4.2 is provided with a propulsion power and a control capability for enabling the floating ocean platform 4 to realize ocean navigation, and/or a platform attitude adjustment capability, and the buoy room self-acting system 4.2 is provided with a power and a control capability for enabling the floating ocean platform 4 to realize ocean navigation The invention relates to a method for fixing or moving an ocean platform to a designated sea area; the designated sea area comprises the sea area with large shallow sea temperature difference and thus high DACCS quantity, the sea area which needs to avoid human or marine biological activity, and the sea area which is needed by the active ocean platform; one embodiment is that the array of the active ocean platform forms the DACCS group.|[0098] Example 12: A set of embodiments based on Example 10, wherein the carbon-free energy device 1 is separately deployed around the passive ocean platform 4B installed in the absorber 2.1, including adjacent sea and/or shore, the carbon-free energy device 1 supplies power to the passive ocean platform 4B; the carbon-free energy device 1 comprises a wind power plant, a photovoltaic power plant, and other natural energy power plants, and a nuclear power plant.|[0099] Example 13: An example based on Example 10, where the filler layer 2.3 is made of a marine climate tolerant material, including metal, ceramic, polymer, and the like.|[0100] Example 14: An example based on Example 1 and Example 10 is an example of a carbon-free negative emission energy production system for the method and apparatus of the present invention, the carbon-free energy device 1 comprising a carbon-free energy production facility such as wind energy, light energy, wave tidal energy, nuclear energy, etc., and providing a zero-carbon footprint of power and/or heat energy, and/or energy products such as hydrogen production, etc., to an energy load other than DACCS through an energy delivery device 1.8 as required.|[0101] embodiment 15: is a set of embodiment base on embodiment 1,|[0102] An embodiment of a dedicated net negative emission system for the method of the invention is shown in FIG. 2 and is characterized in that a dedicated net negative emission marine platform is provided with a horizontal axis wind turbine as a carbon-free energy system and an array of DAC (Direct Carbon Capture by Air) absorption columns.|[0103] The invention is characterized in that the electric power generated by the wind power generator drives the fan at the upper part of the absorber to blast axially, so that the air flows through a filler layer from top to bottom along the axial direction of the absorber or from bottom to top, and the top of the absorption column and the surrounding are provided with a shading shell; the wind power generator simultaneously drives the seawater pump to extract seawater from a deeper place, and the wind power generator drives the seawater pump to pump the seawater from the deeper place, thereby realizing the high efficiency and low cost of the air absorption system. A special net negative discharge system is provided with a metering detection system capable of accounting for CO2e, and measures according to the content difference of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in and out of the washing sea water and the flow numerical value; the wind power generator is provided with an energy storage device to realize the non-intermittent operation of the net negative discharge system.|[0104] The invention is characterized in that a vertical axial fan array is arranged on the ocean platform, and a natural wind absorber array forms a special net negative discharge ocean platform, wherein, the periphery of the natural wind absorbing air is a louver type wind-permeable shading cover 2.8'.|[0105] The invention is characterized in that a vertical axial fan directly drives a fan to blast axially, an absorber is provided with an air inlet axially, a shading cover is arranged on the top part, the vertical axial fan simultaneously directly drives a seawater pump to extract seawater from a deeper place, the seawater is injected into the absorber and flows through a filler layer to wash the air to absorb CO2; the special net negative discharge system is provided with a metering detection system capable of accounting for CO2e; the system is designed to work intermittently with wind power.|[0106] Example of a net negative emission power plant system for use in that method of the present invention as shown in FIG. 6 is characterize in that a wind power plant is deployed in cooperation with a net negative emission marine platform to generate electricity in a carbon net negative emission manner and deliver it to the outside;|[0107] The invention is characterized in that the carbon-free energy source composed of a wind power generator and/or a photovoltaic power station is adopted, the generated electric power drives the fan on the upper part of the absorber to be axially blown, the air flows through a filler layer along the axial direction of the absorber, the top part of the absorption column and the surrounding shading shell cover are arranged; the carbon-free energy source electric power simultaneously drives a seawater pump to extract seawater from a deeper place, and the invention is characterized in that: the carbon-free energy source electric power is provided with the air and the shading shell cover It is characterized by that it can be used for measuring CO2e, and can be used for measuring CO2e, and can be used for measuring CO2e, and can be used for measuring CO2e.|[0108] The invention is characterized in that an ocean current turbine 1.7 is arranged on a floating ocean platform 4, the ocean current energy is used to drive a seawater pump 2.10 to extract the seawater from a deeper place, an absorber 2.1 is injected into the sea and flows through a packing layer 2.3, The absorber is provided with a louver-type transparent shading cover 2.8' which allows the natural wind to cross the absorber transversely and shield the sunlight from being emitted into the absorber; and an ocean current energy storage power generation device 1.6 which is provided to the DAC The CO2e metering device 3 and the ocean platform self-mobility system 4.2 are powered; the floating ocean platform 4 can be moved or anchored in a specified sea area as required.|[0109] The scope of protection of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. | Family Number|(109184574)|109184574|Advantages / Prev. Drawbacks|(WO202467448 A1)|The other group advocates the use of marine biological factors such as seaweed and its ocean fertilization, as well as atypical marine biological factors such as mangroves (intertidal plants), and natural marine-based carbon sinks, but there is a problem of climate mitigation feasibility: first, the overall applicable scale of these marine biological (...) | | Environmental technology | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|B01D-053/78|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|B01D-053/78|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|B01D-053/78 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|B01D-053/78 | CN119460518 | CN119460518 113446065 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN115445391|US20220241727|CN107485968|CN113877368|CN106731510|CN106076066 | CN115445391 102936817 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20220241727 97229646 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN107485968 78061405 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN113877368 78061405 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN106731510 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN106076066 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN107485968; CN106076066; CN106731510; CN113877368; CN115445391; US20220241727 | LAPSED | (WO2024/067448)|LAPSED | DEAD | (WO2024/067448)|DEAD | (WO2024/067448)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2024/067448|Actual or expected expiration date=2026-03-26|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2023-09-25|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOCN2023/120951|Application date=2023-09-25|Standardized application number=2023WO-CN120951|Event publication date=2024-04-04|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2024/067448|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2024-04-04|Standardized publication number=WO202467448|Event publication date=2026-03-26|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-04-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2025-04-29|Event code=WO/NENP|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Non-entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-09-24|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP Corresponding appl: EP23870679|Event publication date=2024-05-15|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2025-09-24|Event code=WO/122|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|EP: PCT app. not ent. europ. phase|EP: PCT anmeldung nicht in europaeische phase eingetreten|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2026-03-25|Event code=WO/32PN|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Administrative notifications|EP: Public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established|EP: Public notification under rule 80 epc, notified in the ep bulletin|NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205 DATED 21/05/2025)|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP | (WO2024/067448)|ARIPO: GH, RW, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2024/067448)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2024/067448)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, ME, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2024/067448)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2024/067448)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IQ, IR, IS, AL, IT, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, JM, RU, BG, JO, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, KG, KH, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, KW, CR, KZ, CU, CV, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, DJ, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MU, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, WS, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=icjTorqguCD3wpw9znlS6onVC+dywuLYbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=WO0000000006452201&ekey=2327&xpn=WO202467448&kind=A1 | http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2024067448&redirectedID=true | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=okiG%252F3fUp6nOM2%252FgSFjpKJNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | WO | (WO2024/067448)|CN | (WO2024/067448)|NAME=PENG, Sigan Southwest Zone, 3rd Floor, No. 2123 Pudong Avenue, Pilot Free Trade Zone Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201208 , COUNTRY=CN | (WO2024/067448)|CN; CN | (WO2024/067448)|NAME=PENG, Sigan Southwest Zone, 3rd Floor, No. 2123 Pudong Avenue, Pilot Free Trade Zone Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201208, POSTCODE=201208, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=PENG, Yingchuan Southwest Zone, 3rd Floor, No. 2123 Pudong Avenue, Pilot Free Trade Zone Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201208, POSTCODE=201208, COUNTRY=CN | Titre: (WO2024/067448)|Method and system for blue-carbon-type direct air carbon capture and storage Résumé: (WO2024/067448)|A method and system for blue-carbon-type direct air carbon capture and storage, which method and system use natural energy such as wind energy, light energy and wave energy. Direct carbon capture and storage are performed on air by merely using natural seawater, and a carbon dioxide equivalent is metered and calculated. In order to achieve the climate goal of "net-zero" carbon emissions, a low-cost and large-scale net negative emission solution with zero carbon footprint, zero artificial chemical footprint and zero land physical footprint is provided. | 8.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on direct air carbon capture and storage using natural seawater, which does not involve ocean fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | US60/033,018P|US08/950,418|WOUS97/022137|AU7734498 | ARP970105889|WOUS97/022137|HK00105801|NO992925|CA2273337|RU99115881|AU4240802|CN97180668|JPH10-527755|AU7734498|NZ33609797|GB9914044|BR9713581|CN03104322|ID990535|US08/950,418 | CA2273337|NO319985|RU2248695|CN1193657|AU778813|HK1026341|CN1440645|CN1105493|AU4240802|JP2002514062|AU744525|NZ336097|GB2335836|HK1026341|HK1026341|AR010356|CN1247451|BR9713581|US5967087|GB2335836|ID22268|GB9914044|NO992925|NO992925|AU7734498|CA2273337|WO98/26653 | 54859170 | AR010356 A1 2000-06-07 [AR--10356]|WO98/26653 A1 1998-06-25 [WO9826653]|HK1026341 B 2004-01-16 [HK1026341]|HK1026341 A1 2000-12-15 [HK1026341]|HK1026341 A 2000-12-15 [HK1026341]|NO319985 B1 2005-10-10 [NO-319985]|NO992925 L 1999-08-17 [NO-992925]|NO992925 D0 1999-06-15 [NO9902925]|CA2273337 C 2008-03-11 [CA2273337]|CA2273337 A1 1998-06-25 [CA2273337]|RU2248695 C2 2005-03-27 [RU2248695]|AU778813 B2 2004-12-23 [AU-778813]|AU4240802 A 2002-07-04 [AU200242408]|CN1105493 C 2003-04-16 [CN1105493C]|CN1247451 A 2000-03-15 [CN1247451]|JP2002514062 A 2002-05-14 [JP2002514062]|AU744525 B2 2002-02-28 [AU-744525]|AU7734498 A 1998-07-15 [AU9877344]|NZ336097 A 2001-03-30 [NZ-336097]|GB2335836 B 2001-02-21 [GB2335836]|GB2335836 A 1999-10-06 [GB2335836]|GB9914044 D0 1999-08-18 [GB9914044]|BR9713581 A 2000-03-14 [BR9713581]|CN1193657 C 2005-03-23 [CN1193657C]|CN1440645 A 2003-09-10 [CN1440645]|ID22268 A 1999-09-23 [ID--22268]|US5967087 A 1999-10-19 [US5967087] | 1996-12-17|1997-10-24|1997-12-11 | 1997-12-15|1997-12-11|2000-09-14|1999-06-15|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-12-11|1997-10-24 | 2008-03-11|2005-10-10|2005-03-27|2005-03-23|2004-12-23|2004-01-16|2003-09-10|2003-04-16|2002-07-04|2002-05-14|2002-02-28|2001-03-30|2001-02-21|2000-12-15|2000-12-15|2000-06-07|2000-03-15|2000-03-14|1999-10-19|1999-10-06|1999-09-23|1999-08-18|1999-08-17|1999-06-15|1998-07-15|1998-06-25|1998-06-25 | (US5967087)|1999-10-19||(GB2335836)|2001-02-21||(CN1193657C)|2005-03-23|(CN1105493C)|2003-04-16|(CA2273337)|2008-03-11|(NO-319985)|2005-10-10|(RU2248695)|2005-03-27|(AU-778813)|2004-12-23|(HK1026341)|2004-01-16|(AU-744525)|2002-02-28|||| | (US5967087)|2011-11-14|(WO98/26653)|2000-06-17|(GB2335836)|2010-12-11|(JP2002514062)|2007-04-30|(CN1193657)|2012-02-22|(CN1105493)|2012-02-22|(CA2273337)|2011-12-12|(NO319985)|2011-07-25|(RU2248695)|2010-12-12|(AU778813)|2017-12-11|(HK1026341)|2010-12-11|(AU744525)|2017-12-11|(NZ336097)|2017-12-11|(AR010356)|2005-06-07|(BR9713581)|2005-04-19|(ID22268)|2004-09-23 | (US5967087)|Method of increasing seafood production in the barren ocean | (US5967087)|A method of increasing seafood production in the oceans comprises testing the water at the surface of the ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, applying to the surface of the ocean a first fertilizer that comprises an iron chelate, and harvesting the increased production of seafood that results. The method may further comprise applying a microorganism that fixes nitrogen such as phytoplankton, applying additional fertilizers, and seeding the ocean with fish. Each fertilizer releases the nutrient(s) over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate before use by the phytoplankton. | MAEKELS MICHAEL JR | (US5967087)|MARKELS, JR. MICHAEL|(WO98/26653)|MARKELS, Michael, Jr. ([US])|(GB2335836)|MICHAEL * MARKELS JR|(GB2335836)|MICHAEL * MARKELS JR|(GB9914044)|MARKELS, MICHAEL JR||(CN1193657)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|(CN1440645)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|(CN1105493)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|(CN1247451)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|(CA2273337)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|(CA2273337)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|(NO319985)|MARKELS JR MICHAEL|(NO992925)|MARKELS JR., MICHAEL|(NO992925)|MARKELS JR., MICHAEL|(RU2248695)|MAEKELS MICHAEL JR|(AU778813)|MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(AU4240802)|MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(HK1026341)|MICHAEL MARKELS JR ([US])|(HK1026341)|MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(HK1026341)|MICHAEL MARKELS JR ([US])|(AU744525)|MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(AU7734498)|MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(NZ336097)|MICHAEL MARKELS, JR|(AR010356)|MAEKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(BR9713581)|MICHAEL MARKELS,JR.|(ID22268)|DR. MICHAEL MARKELS, JR | MARKELS JR MICHAEL | (US5967087)|Markels, Jr. Michael | (US5967087)|Bacon & Thomas, PLLC|(WO98/26653)|MOORE, Thomas, J. etc. ([US])|(CN1193657)|TAI HONG;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD.|Reg. Nb: 72001|(CN1105493)|WEI JINXI;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD.|Reg. Nb: 72001|WEN HONGYAN;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD.|Reg. Nb: 72001|(CA2273337)|RIDOUT & MAYBEE LLP ([CA]) | (US5967087)|For the Gulf Stream, this means that fertilization off of Key West, Fla., would result in improved fishing off of north Florida, with the larger fish coming in off the coasts of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia.|Therefore, it may be useful to seed the fertilized ocean with selected fish species such as filter feeders that can eat the phytoplankton and zooplankton produced.|Many areas of the ocean that may be suitable for increasing seafood production by this method do not have indigenous fish populations that can prosper from the increased plant life produced.|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.| | (US5967087)|1. A method of increasing seafood production in the open ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of the open ocean, in order to determine a first nutrient that is missing to a significant extent and a second nutrient that is missing to a significant extent; and (2) applying separately a first fertilizer which comprises said first missing nutrient and a second fertilizer which comprises said second missing nutrient, to fertilize said area of the surface of the open ocean with an appropriate amount of said first missing nutrient and an appropriate amount of said second missing nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said first missing nutrient in a form that does not precipitate to any substantial extent; and (3) harvesting at least a portion of the increased production of seafood that results from said fertilization of said open ocean.|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: separately applying a first fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the open ocean with a first nutrient and a second fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the open ocean with a second nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form that does not precipitate to any substantial extent.| | (US5967087)|A method of increasing seafood production in the oceans comprises testing the water at the surface of the ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, applying to the surface of the ocean a first fertilizer that comprises an iron chelate, and harvesting the increased production of seafood that results. The method may further comprise applying a microorganism that fixes nitrogen such as phytoplankton, applying additional fertilizers, and seeding the ocean with fish. Each fertilizer releases the nutrient(s) over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate before use by the phytoplankton.| | (US5967087)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,21)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,18)|OPEN OCEAN(100,8)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,7)|BARREN OCEAN(100,2)|FERTILIZER(75,45)|INDIGENOUS FISH POPULATION(55,1)|OCCASIONAL HURRICANE(43,1)|NUTRIENT(42,19)|FISH SPECIES(41,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON(35,13)|MICROORGANISM(33,6)|SEA FERTILIZATION(29,4)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(29,3)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(27,3)|IRON CHELATE(24,5)|FERTILIZATION(21,22)|SEA(19,26)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(19,2)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(16,3)|FISHING(16,2)|ZOOPLANKTON(16,2)|PROSPER(16,1)|EDDY(15,1)|STORM(15,1)|SWIRL(15,1)|FERTILIZER PELLET(14,7)|TIDE(14,1)|GULF STREAM(13,9)|COAST(12,4)|LARGE FISH(12,1)|BINDER(11,4)|MINERAL(11,4)|PHOTIC ZONE(10,7)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(10,4)|FISH(10,3)|INCREASING PLANT LIFE(10,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(9,4)|WAX(9,4)|FILTER FEEDER(9,2)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(9,2)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(9,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(8,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(8,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(7,4)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(7,1)|SEAWATER(6,7)|DENSITY MATERIAL(6,3)|VERDANT ZONE(6,2)|BARREN DESERT(6,1)|COUNTRY COAST(6,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(6,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(6,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(6,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(6,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(6,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(6,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(6,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(6,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(6,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(6,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(6,1)|SEEDED FISH STOCK HARVESTING(6,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(6,1)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(5,2)|IRON LIGNIN(5,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(5,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)|ISLAND STATE(5,1)|OCEAN FARMING(5,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(5,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(5,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(5,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(4,2)|SEA PLANT LIFE(4,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(4,1)|COMPANION BOAT(4,1)|EAST COAST(4,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(4,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(4,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(4,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(4,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(4,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(4,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(4,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(4,1)|WEST COAST(4,1)|ANCESTOR(3,3)|JOB(3,3)|SHIP(3,3)|ATLANTIC(3,2)|BIOMASS(3,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(3,2)|PACIFIC COAST(3,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(3,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(3,2)|WATER STATE(3,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(3,1)|CERAMIC BALLOON(3,1)|CHANGING SEASON(3,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(3,1)|EARLY HISTORY(3,1)|EGG MASS(3,1)|ENCROACHMENT(3,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(3,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(3,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(3,1)|GRASS(3,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(3,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(3,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|OCEAN REST(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(3,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(3,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(3,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(3,1)|PRECIPITATE(2,2)|ANCHOVETTA(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(2,1)|BROADCAST(2,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(2,1)|CONTROVERSY(2,1)|COW(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(2,1)|DROUGHT(2,1)|ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETICACID(2,1)|FISH CATCH(2,1)|FISHERMAN(2,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(2,1)||(WO98/26653)|SEA(100,26)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,20)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,14)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,6)|FERTILIZER(81,43)|FISH SPECIES(39,2)|NUTRIENT(37,18)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(37,3)|FERTILIZATION(22,21)|IRON CHELATE(22,4)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(21,2)|FERTILIZER PELLET(17,7)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(17,1)|BINDER(14,4)|MINERAL(14,4)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(13,4)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(13,2)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(12,4)|SEA FERTILIZATION(12,3)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(12,2)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(12,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(12,1)|WAX(11,4)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(10,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(10,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(9,4)|SEEDED FISH STOCK NARVESTING(9,1)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(9,1)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|VERDANT ZONE(8,2)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(8,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(8,1)|SEAWATER(7,7)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|COUNTRY COAST(7,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(7,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(7,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(7,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(7,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(7,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(7,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(7,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(7,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(7,1)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(6,2)|IRON LIGNIN(6,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(6,1)|EAST COAST(6,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|ISLAND STATE(6,1)|OCEAN FARMING(6,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(6,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|TRIE FERTILIZER(6,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(6,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(6,1)|SEA PLANT LIFE(5,2)|000PER YEAR(5,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(5,1)|COMPANION BOAT(5,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(5,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(5,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(5,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(5,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(5,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(5,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(5,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(5,1)|WEST COAST(5,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(4,6)|ANCESTOR(4,3)|ATLANTIC(4,2)|BIOMASS(4,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(4,2)|PACIFIC COAST(4,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(4,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(4,2)|WATER STATE(4,2)|CERAMIC BALLOON(4,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(4,1)|EARLY HISTORY(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(4,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|OCEAN REST(4,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(4,1)|JOB(3,3)|SHIP(3,3)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(3,1)|CHANGING SEASON(3,1)|EGG MASS(3,1)|ENCROACHMENT(3,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(3,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(3,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(3,1)|GRASS(3,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(3,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(3,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(3,1)|ANCHOVETTA(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(2,1)|BROADCAST(2,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(2,1)|CONTROVERSY(2,1)|COW(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(2,1)|DROUGHT(2,1)|ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETICACID(2,1)|FISH CATCH(2,1)|FISHERMAN(2,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(2,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(2,1)|HATCHERY(2,1)|HORSEPOWER(2,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)||(JP2002514062)|MARINE PRODUCT(100,22)|SEA(100,22)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(100,3)|HAIRLESS OCEAN(100,2)|MARINE PRODUCT AUGMENTATION(100,2)|PLANT PLANKTON(71,14)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(63,2)|PACIFIC EQUATOR(60,1)|MARINE HYPERTROPHY(58,9)|ABSENT NUTRIENT(52,2)|IODOXYZING(49,4)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(48,2)|FISH SPECIES(45,4)|HYPERTROPHIC OCEAN(45,3)|SEAFOOD HYPERPLASIA(44,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(43,4)|MINERAL(43,3)|POLYMERIC STARCH(39,2)|GROWTH TREND(39,1)|NUTRIENT(36,18)|MICROORGANISM(36,5)|TROPICALIZING(34,2)|HYPERTROPHY COMPONENT(28,2)|FERTILIZATION(27,4)|IMPLEMENTATION LOCATION(25,1)|HYPERTROPHY(23,10)|WHITENING AGENT(22,3)|TRICODESMIUM(22,2)|ANIMAL RICH OCEAN AREA(22,1)|OCEAN HYPERTROPHY(20,7)|IRON CHELATE(20,4)|VEGETATION(20,2)|SEAWATER(19,21)|SEA AREA(18,11)|TRANSLUCENT LAYER(18,5)|RELEASE IRON(18,1)|BINDER(16,4)|PHOSPHORUS(16,3)|HYPERTROPHIC INGREDIENT(13,3)|WATER QUALITY TESTING(13,1)|WATER QUALITY(12,2)|FUMED OCEAN HYPERPLASIA(12,1)|ENRICHMENT OCEAN NUTRIENT(11,1)|WORLDWIDE FISHERY PERSONNEL(11,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(10,4)|DENSITY MATERIAL(10,2)|SEAWATER INVESTIGATION(10,2)|EAST COAST(9,2)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(9,2)|DEBILITATING FISHWORK(9,1)|FERTILIZING NUTRIENT(9,1)|GRADUALLY RELEASING PELLET CHELATE(9,1)|CATASTROPHIC SARDINE(8,1)|COUNTRY COAST(8,1)|CUSTOM VEGETATION(8,1)|HYPERTROPHIC SEAWATER(8,1)|PELLET HYPERTROPHY(8,1)|SEA AREA WATER QUALITY(8,1)|UNDERGONE HYPERTROPHIZATION(8,1)|FLOAT GLASS CERAMIC(7,2)|IRON LIGNIN(7,2)|SEA LEVEL AREA(7,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(7,1)|CROP VEGETATION(7,1)|FARADAIC FISH(7,1)|FERTILIZATION IODIDE(7,1)|HYPERTROPHIC MINERAL(7,1)|HYPERTROPHY INGREDIENT(7,1)|LAND HYPERTROPHY(7,1)|LIGNIN IC ACID SULFONATE(7,1)|LIVESTOCK HORSE(7,1)|MARINE AUCTION(7,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(7,1)|OCEAN ENRICHMENT(7,1)|ONLY NUTRIENT(7,1)|PEOPLE EARLY HISTORY(7,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(7,1)|SHIP(6,5)|METRIC TON(6,4)|NATURAL SITUATION(6,2)|AMERICAN ATLANTIC(6,1)|AMERICAN COAST(6,1)|ANIMAL PLANKTON(6,1)|HAIR DESERT(6,1)|IRON HYPERTROPHY(6,1)|MARINE HYPERTROPHY COST(6,1)|MAXIMIZE ECONOMIC BENEFIT(6,1)|THING ACCEPTATION(6,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN REGION(6,1)|WEST COAST(6,1)|WILD ANIMAL LIVEIZATION(6,1)|SEA SURFACE(5,6)|SEA PRODUCTION(5,3)|CERAMIC BALLOON(5,1)|CULTURE WORLD(5,1)|FENCING OPPOSITION(5,1)|MARINE BIOMASS GAIN(5,1)|NITROGEN IMMOBILIZING MICROORGANISM(5,1)|OCEAN PRODUCT FISH(5,1)|ANCESTOR(4,2)|HORSEPOWER(4,2)|HUNTER(4,2)|HYPERTROPHIC AREA(4,2)|KEYWAIST(4,2)|MARINE ORGANISM(4,2)|MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE(4,2)|PACIFIC COAST(4,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(4,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(4,2)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(4,1)|FISH INDUSTRY BENEFIT(4,1)|FISH SPECIES VALUE(4,1)|HYPERTROPHIC COMPONENT SEPARATION(4,1)|HYPERTROPHY LOCATION(4,1)|INCREASED PLANT PLANKTON(4,1)|LOCATION FEDERATION(4,1)|MEDIUM TANKER(4,1)|NEGATIVE ACCEPTANCE(4,1)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(4,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(4,1)|POSITIVE INTERVENTION(4,1)|PRODUCTION MAXIMIZATION(4,1)|PRODUCTIVITY EQUIVALENT(4,1)|SEAWATER TEST(4,1)|SOIL REPELLENT PLATE(4,1)|WAX(3,3)|AMERICAN OCEAN AREA(3,1)|AVERAGE MARINE PRODUCT PRICE(3,1)|BOAT(3,1)|CATCHING SHORT PERIOD(3,1)|CHICKEN(3,1)|COMPANION(3,1)|COMPOSITIONAL CHANGE(3,1)|CONSCIOUSNESS(3,1)|DETACHMENT(3,1)||(CN1193657)|FERTILIZER(100,53)|MARINE FERTILIZATION(100,18)|MARINE EDIBLE AQUATIC PRODUCT(100,5)|AQUATIC PRODUCT(100,4)|YIELD(100,3)|PRODUCT YIELD(100,1)|MICROBIAL POPULATION(84,6)|IRON CHELATOR(67,5)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROBIAL POPULATION(63,5)|NUTRIENT(56,21)|NONPRECIPITATED(54,2)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(53,6)|PHYTOPLANKTON(38,13)|SEA RICH ZONE(31,1)|EDIBLE INCREASED YIELD(29,1)|INCREASED YIELD(27,2)|FERTILIZE MARINE SURFACE(26,1)|TRACE MINERAL(25,1)|NONSEDIMENTING(24,1)|SEA LEAN(24,1)|SEA(22,28)|SEAWATER(22,18)|NITROGEN FIXING(22,5)|FRY(22,2)|AQUATIC PRODUCT INCREASED YIELD(22,1)|MINERAL(21,2)|NONSEDIMENTED(21,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(20,4)|NATIONAL(20,1)|WATER PRODUCTION(19,12)|CHELATING AGENT(18,10)|NONPRECIPITATING(18,2)|NITRATE(18,1)|BUOYANT MATERIAL(15,2)|BINDER(14,4)|LIGNOSULFONIC ACID(14,3)|PHOSPHORUS(14,3)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(13,4)|WAX(13,4)|FIXING NITROGEN(13,1)|PERU COAST(11,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COUNTRY(11,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(10,5)|FAVORED CEREAL GROWING(10,1)|FLORIDA NORTH COAST(10,1)|FLORIDA WEST COAST(10,1)|WATER QUALITY(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,2)|SEA FERTILIZATION(9,2)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(9,1)|PCT DIVISIONAL APPLICATION(9,1)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|OPEN SEA(8,1)|RESULTANT MARINE FERTILIZATION(8,1)|SUGARCANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|IRON LIGNIN(7,2)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|COUNTRY COASTAL FISHING CAPACITY(7,1)|GEORGIA COAST(7,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PILEUS(7,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(7,1)|GULF STREAM(6,10)|PRODUCTION CAPACITY(6,2)|BARREN OCEAN(6,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(6,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|FERTILIZER PELLET PLASTIC MATRIX(6,1)|FERTILIZER PRICE(6,1)|NORTH CARO SODIUM(6,1)|OCEAN THROUGHPUT(6,1)|PACIFIC ISLAND STATE(6,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|SOUTH CARO SODIUM(6,1)|WOOD BOARD MOLDED PLOW(6,1)|SHIP(5,4)|ANCESTOR(5,3)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(5,3)|CREATIVITY(5,2)|MARINE PLANT LIFE(5,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(5,1)|DIVISIONAL APPLICATION(5,1)|FERTILIZER SEPARATION(5,1)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COST(5,1)|PERU SURGE(5,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(5,1)|VERDANT ZONE(5,1)|WATER PRODUCT GROWTH KINETICS(5,1)|WEST HARBOR(5,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(5,1)|BIOMASS(4,2)|PLANTING(4,2)|PRODUCING AQUATIC PRODUCT(4,2)|SEA SURFACE AREA(4,2)|BRIGHT GREEN SEAWATER(4,1)|EDIBLE YIELD(4,1)|FAMILY ANIMAL(4,1)|FERTILIZER IMMEDIATE RELEASE(4,1)|FIND GRAZING(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|MIXED FERTILIZER(4,1)|OCEAN CAPACITY(4,1)|PLANT PROPAGATION(4,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(4,1)|FILTER FEEDER(3,3)|FISHING INDUSTRY(3,3)|IRON ADDITION(3,2)|ORGANISM(3,2)|ACID SULFONATE(3,1)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(3,1)|BOOST(3,1)|CELLULOSE ACETATE(3,1)|CERAMIC BALL(3,1)|EARLY HUMAN HISTORY(3,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(3,1)|FERTILIZER REMAINS(3,1)|LITTLE SARDINE(3,1)|MARGINAL OPEN SEAWATER(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|OCEAN MIXING(3,1)|OCEAN RICH AREA(3,1)|PROTECT IRON(3,1)|WATER RECEPTION CONFINES(3,1)|WESTERN ASIA ARID REGION(3,1)|ANCHOVIA(2,1)|ANCHOVY(2,1)|ANNUAL COST(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BASIC PARAMETER(2,1)|BOAT(2,1)|BUSINESS(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DESIRABLE FISH(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DORMANCY(2,1)|DROUGHT PERIOD(2,1)|FARMED FISH(2,1)|FARMING(2,1)|FERTILIZATION AREA(2,1)|FISH HATCHERY(2,1)|FISH LARGE BATCH(2,1)|GRAZING AREA(2,1)|HURRICANE(2,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|INGREDIENT(2,1)||(CN1440645)|FERTILIZER(100,53)|MARINE FERTILIZATION(100,17)|AQUATIC PRODUCT(100,4)|MARINE EDIBLE AQUATIC PRODUCT(100,4)|YIELD(100,4)|MICROBIAL POPULATION(84,6)|IRON CHELATOR(67,5)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROBIAL POPULATION(63,5)|MISSING NUTRIENT(59,1)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(53,6)|NUTRIENT(51,20)|PHYTOPLANKTON(38,13)|SEA RICH ZONE(31,1)|EDIBLE INCREASED YIELD(29,1)|INCREASED YIELD(27,2)|FERTILIZE MARINE SURFACE(26,1)|TRACE MINERAL(25,1)|NONSEDIMENTING(24,1)|SEA LEAN(24,1)|MARINE SURFACE(23,2)|SEA(22,28)|SEAWATER(22,18)|NITROGEN FIXING(22,5)|FRY(22,2)|AQUATIC PRODUCT INCREASED YIELD(22,1)|MINERAL(21,2)|PRODUCT YIELD(21,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(20,4)|NATIONAL(20,1)|WATER PRODUCTION(19,12)|CHELATING AGENT(18,10)|NITRATE(18,1)|BUOYANT MATERIAL(15,2)|BINDER(14,4)|LIGNOSULFONIC ACID(14,3)|PHOSPHORUS(14,3)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(13,4)|WAX(13,4)|FIXING NITROGEN(13,1)|PERU COAST(11,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COUNTRY(11,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(10,5)|FAVORED CEREAL GROWING(10,1)|FLORIDA NORTH COAST(10,1)|FLORIDA WEST COAST(10,1)|WATER QUALITY(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,2)|SEA FERTILIZATION(9,2)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(9,1)|PCT DIVISIONAL APPLICATION(9,1)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|OPEN SEA(8,1)|RESULTANT MARINE FERTILIZATION(8,1)|SUGARCANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|IRON LIGNIN(7,2)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|COUNTRY COASTAL FISHING CAPACITY(7,1)|GEORGIA COAST(7,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PILEUS(7,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(7,1)|GULF STREAM(6,10)|BARREN OCEAN(6,1)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(6,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|FERTILIZER PELLET PLASTIC MATRIX(6,1)|FERTILIZER PRICE(6,1)|NORTH CARO SODIUM(6,1)|OCEAN THROUGHPUT(6,1)|PACIFIC ISLAND STATE(6,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|SOUTH CARO SODIUM(6,1)|WOOD BOARD MOLDED PLOW(6,1)|SHIP(5,4)|ANCESTOR(5,3)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(5,3)|CREATIVITY(5,2)|MARINE PLANT LIFE(5,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(5,1)|DIVISIONAL APPLICATION(5,1)|FERTILIZER SEPARATION(5,1)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COST(5,1)|PERU SURGE(5,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(5,1)|VERDANT ZONE(5,1)|WATER PRODUCT GROWTH KINETICS(5,1)|WEST HARBOR(5,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(5,1)|BIOMASS(4,2)|PLANTING(4,2)|PRODUCING AQUATIC PRODUCT(4,2)|SEA SURFACE AREA(4,2)|BRIGHT GREEN SEAWATER(4,1)|EDIBLE YIELD(4,1)|FAMILY ANIMAL(4,1)|FERTILIZER IMMEDIATE RELEASE(4,1)|FIND GRAZING(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|MARINE AQUATIC PRODUCT YIELD(4,1)|MIXED FERTILIZER(4,1)|OCEAN CAPACITY(4,1)|PLANT PROPAGATION(4,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(4,1)|FILTER FEEDER(3,3)|FISHING INDUSTRY(3,3)|IRON ADDITION(3,2)|ORGANISM(3,2)|ACID SULFONATE(3,1)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(3,1)|BOOST(3,1)|CELLULOSE ACETATE(3,1)|CERAMIC BALL(3,1)|EARLY HUMAN HISTORY(3,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(3,1)|FERTILIZER REMAINS(3,1)|LITTLE SARDINE(3,1)|MARGINAL OPEN SEAWATER(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|NONPRECIPITATING(3,1)|OCEAN MIXING(3,1)|OCEAN RICH AREA(3,1)|PROTECT IRON(3,1)|WATER RECEPTION CONFINES(3,1)|WESTERN ASIA ARID REGION(3,1)|ANCHOVIA(2,1)|ANCHOVY(2,1)|ANNUAL COST(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BASIC PARAMETER(2,1)|BOAT(2,1)|BUSINESS(2,1)|COAST PRODUCTION CAPACITY(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DESIRABLE FISH(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DORMANCY(2,1)|DROUGHT PERIOD(2,1)|FARMED FISH(2,1)|FARMING(2,1)|FERTILIZATION AREA(2,1)|FISH HATCHERY(2,1)|FISH LARGE BATCH(2,1)|GRAZING AREA(2,1)|HURRICANE(2,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|INGREDIENT(2,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(2,1)||(CN1105493)|FERTILIZER(100,49)|YIELD(100,3)|BARREN OCEAN(100,2)|EDIBLE AQUATIC PRODUCT(100,2)|MICROBIAL POPULATION(93,6)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROBIAL POPULATION(71,5)|IRON CHELATOR(67,5)|MISSING NUTRIENT(59,1)|NUTRIENT(49,18)|NUTRIENT DEGREE(40,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON(33,11)|OPEN OCEAN FERTILIZING(33,1)|SEA RICH ZONE(31,1)|EDIBLE INCREASED YIELD(29,1)|OPEN SEA FERTILIZATION(29,1)|INCREASED YIELD(27,2)|NITROGEN FIXING(25,5)|TRACE MINERAL(25,1)|NONSEDIMENTING(24,1)|SEA LEAN(24,1)|OPEN SEA(23,6)|MARINE SURFACE(23,2)|SEAWATER(22,18)|FRY(22,2)|AQUATIC PRODUCT INCREASED YIELD(22,1)|BARREN OPEN SEA(21,2)|MINERAL(21,2)|PRODUCT YIELD(21,1)|WATER PRODUCTION(19,12)|SEA(18,26)|CHELATING AGENT(18,10)|NITRATE(18,1)|BUOYANT MATERIAL(15,2)|FERTILIZED OPEN SEA SURFACE(15,2)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(15,2)|BINDER(14,4)|LIGNOSULFONIC ACID(14,3)|PHOSPHORUS(14,3)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(14,2)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(13,4)|WAX(13,4)|FIXING NITROGEN(13,1)|OPEN OCEAN(12,1)|PERU COAST(11,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COUNTRY(11,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(10,5)|FAVORED CEREAL GROWING(10,1)|FLORIDA NORTH COAST(10,1)|FLORIDA WEST COAST(10,1)|WATER QUALITY(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,2)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|RESULTANT MARINE FERTILIZATION(8,1)|SUGARCANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|IRON LIGNIN(7,2)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|COUNTRY COASTAL FISHING CAPACITY(7,1)|GEORGIA COAST(7,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PILEUS(7,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(7,1)|GULF STREAM(6,10)|OPEN SEA SURFACE(6,3)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(6,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|FERTILIZER PELLET PLASTIC MATRIX(6,1)|FERTILIZER PRICE(6,1)|MARINE EDIBLE AQUATIC PRODUCT(6,1)|NORTH CARO SODIUM(6,1)|OCEAN THROUGHPUT(6,1)|PACIFIC ISLAND STATE(6,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|SOUTH CARO SODIUM(6,1)|WOOD BOARD MOLDED PLOW(6,1)|SHIP(5,4)|ANCESTOR(5,3)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(5,3)|CREATIVITY(5,2)|MARINE PLANT LIFE(5,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(5,1)|FERTILIZER SEPARATION(5,1)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COST(5,1)|PERU SURGE(5,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(5,1)|VERDANT ZONE(5,1)|WATER PRODUCT GROWTH KINETICS(5,1)|WEST HARBOR(5,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(5,1)|BIOMASS(4,2)|PLANTING(4,2)|PRODUCING AQUATIC PRODUCT(4,2)|BRIGHT GREEN SEAWATER(4,1)|EDIBLE YIELD(4,1)|FAMILY ANIMAL(4,1)|FERTILIZER IMMEDIATE RELEASE(4,1)|FIND GRAZING(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|MARINE AQUATIC PRODUCT YIELD(4,1)|MIXED FERTILIZER(4,1)|OCEAN CAPACITY(4,1)|PLANT PROPAGATION(4,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(4,1)|FILTER FEEDER(3,3)|FISHING INDUSTRY(3,3)|IRON ADDITION(3,2)|ORGANISM(3,2)|ACID SULFONATE(3,1)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(3,1)|BOOST(3,1)|CELLULOSE ACETATE(3,1)|CERAMIC BALL(3,1)|EARLY HUMAN HISTORY(3,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(3,1)|FERTILIZER REMAINS(3,1)|LITTLE SARDINE(3,1)|MARGINAL OPEN SEAWATER(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|NONPRECIPITATING(3,1)|OCEAN MIXING(3,1)|OCEAN RICH AREA(3,1)|PROTECT IRON(3,1)|WATER RECEPTION CONFINES(3,1)|WESTERN ASIA ARID REGION(3,1)|ANCHOVIA(2,1)|ANCHOVY(2,1)|ANNUAL COST(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BASIC PARAMETER(2,1)|BOAT(2,1)|BUSINESS(2,1)|COAST PRODUCTION CAPACITY(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DESIRABLE FISH(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DORMANCY(2,1)|DROUGHT PERIOD(2,1)|FARMED FISH(2,1)|FARMING(2,1)|FERTILIZATION AREA(2,1)|FISH HATCHERY(2,1)|FISH LARGE BATCH(2,1)|GRAZING AREA(2,1)|HURRICANE(2,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|INGREDIENT(2,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(2,1)|LARVAL FISH(2,1)|MANURE(2,1)||(CN1247451)|FERTILIZER(100,53)|YIELD(100,3)|BARREN OCEAN(100,2)|EDIBLE AQUATIC PRODUCT(100,1)|MICROBIAL POPULATION(91,6)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROBIAL POPULATION(70,5)|IRON CHELATOR(66,5)|MISSING NUTRIENT(58,1)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(52,6)|NUTRIENT(50,20)|MARINE EDIBLE AQUATIC PRODUCT(50,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION(42,17)|PHYTOPLANKTON(40,13)|SEA RICH ZONE(31,1)|SEA FERTILIZATION(29,3)|EDIBLE INCREASED YIELD(29,1)|INCREASED YIELD(26,2)|FERTILIZED MARINE SURFACE(25,1)|TRACE MINERAL(25,1)|NITROGEN FIXING(24,5)|AQUATIC PRODUCT(24,2)|NONSEDIMENTING(24,1)|SEA LEAN(24,1)|SEAWATER(22,18)|FRY(22,2)|MARINE SURFACE(22,2)|AQUATIC PRODUCT INCREASED YIELD(22,1)|SEA(21,27)|MINERAL(21,2)|PRODUCT YIELD(21,1)|BLUE GREEN ALGAE(20,4)|WATER PRODUCTION(18,12)|CHELATING AGENT(18,10)|NITRATE(18,1)|BUOYANT MATERIAL(15,2)|FERTILIZED OCEAN SURFACE(15,1)|BINDER(14,4)|LIGNOSULFONIC ACID(14,3)|PHOSPHORUS(14,3)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(13,4)|WAX(13,4)|FIXING NITROGEN(13,1)|PERU COAST(11,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COUNTRY(11,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(10,5)|FAVORED CEREAL GROWING(10,1)|FLORIDA NORTH COAST(10,1)|FLORIDA WEST COAST(10,1)|WATER QUALITY(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,2)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|OPEN SEA(8,1)|RESULTANT MARINE FERTILIZATION(8,1)|SUGARCANE CULTIVATION(8,1)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|COUNTRY COASTAL FISHING CAPACITY(7,1)|GEORGIA COAST(7,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PILEUS(7,1)|PLANKTON GRAZE(7,1)|GULF STREAM(6,10)|IRON LIGNIN(6,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(6,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|FERTILIZER PELLET PLASTIC MATRIX(6,1)|FERTILIZER PRICE(6,1)|NORTH CARO SODIUM(6,1)|OCEAN THROUGHPUT(6,1)|PACIFIC ISLAND STATE(6,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(6,1)|SOUTH CARO SODIUM(6,1)|WOOD BOARD MOLDED PLOW(6,1)|SHIP(5,4)|ANCESTOR(5,3)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(5,3)|CREATIVITY(5,2)|MARINE PLANT LIFE(5,2)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(5,1)|FERTILIZER SEPARATION(5,1)|MARINE FERTILIZATION COST(5,1)|PERU SURGE(5,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(5,1)|VERDANT ZONE(5,1)|WATER PRODUCT GROWTH KINETICS(5,1)|WEST HARBOR(5,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(5,1)|BIOMASS(4,2)|PLANTING(4,2)|PRODUCING AQUATIC PRODUCT(4,2)|SEA SURFACE AREA(4,2)|BRIGHT GREEN SEAWATER(4,1)|EDIBLE YIELD(4,1)|FAMILY ANIMAL(4,1)|FERTILIZER IMMEDIATE RELEASE(4,1)|FIND GRAZING(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|MARINE AQUATIC PRODUCT YIELD(4,1)|MIXED FERTILIZER(4,1)|OCEAN CAPACITY(4,1)|PLANT PROPAGATION(4,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(4,1)|FILTER FEEDER(3,3)|FISHING INDUSTRY(3,3)|IRON ADDITION(3,2)|ORGANISM(3,2)|ACID SULFONATE(3,1)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(3,1)|BOOST(3,1)|CELLULOSE ACETATE(3,1)|CERAMIC BALL(3,1)|EARLY HUMAN HISTORY(3,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(3,1)|FERTILIZER REMAINS(3,1)|LITTLE SARDINE(3,1)|MARGINAL OPEN SEAWATER(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|NONPRECIPITATING(3,1)|OCEAN MIXING(3,1)|OCEAN RICH AREA(3,1)|PROTECT IRON(3,1)|WATER RECEPTION CONFINES(3,1)|WESTERN ASIA ARID REGION(3,1)|ANCHOVIA(2,1)|ANCHOVY(2,1)|ANNUAL COST(2,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(2,1)|BASIC PARAMETER(2,1)|BOAT(2,1)|BUSINESS(2,1)|COAST PRODUCTION CAPACITY(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DESIRABLE FISH(2,1)|DOLPHIN(2,1)|DORMANCY(2,1)|DROUGHT PERIOD(2,1)|FARMED FISH(2,1)|FARMING(2,1)|FERTILIZATION AREA(2,1)|FISH HATCHERY(2,1)|FISH LARGE BATCH(2,1)|GRAZING AREA(2,1)|HURRICANE(2,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|INGREDIENT(2,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(2,1)||(CA2273337)|SEA(100,28)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,20)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,15)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,5)|BARREN OCEAN(100,2)|FERTILIZER(99,45)|NUTRIENT(44,17)|FISH SPECIES(41,2)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(39,3)|COAST(37,7)|MICROORGANISM(37,4)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(36,3)|IRON CHELATE(32,5)|PHYTOPLANKTON(31,10)|FERTILIZATION(23,20)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(22,3)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(21,3)|FERTILIZER PELLET(18,7)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(18,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(16,5)|BINDER(15,4)|MINERAL(15,4)|PHOTIC ZONE(14,7)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(14,4)|FISH(14,3)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(13,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(13,1)|WAX(12,4)|SEA FERTILIZATION(12,3)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(12,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(11,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(11,1)|OCEAN WATER(10,14)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(10,1)|FERTILIZING EIEMENT(9,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(9,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(9,1)|SEEDED FISH STOCK HARVESTING(9,1)|SEAWATER(8,7)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|VERDANT ZONE(8,2)|BARREN DESERT(8,1)|COUNTRY COAST(8,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(8,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(8,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(8,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(8,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(8,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(8,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(8,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(8,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(8,1)|AMENDED SHEET(7,3)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(7,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(7,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(7,1)|ISLAND STATE(7,1)|OCEAN FARMING(7,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(7,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(7,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(7,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(7,1)|000PER YEAR(6,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(6,1)|COMPANION BOAT(6,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(6,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(6,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(6,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(6,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(6,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(6,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(6,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(6,1)|WEST COAST(6,1)|ANCESTOR(5,3)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(5,2)|SEA PLANT LIFE(5,2)|CERAMIC BALLOON(5,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(5,1)|EARLY HISTORY(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(5,1)|IRON LIGNIN(5,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(5,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)|OCEAN REST(5,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(5,1)|PCT US(4,4)|JOB(4,3)|SHIP(4,3)|ATLANTIC(4,2)|BIOMASS(4,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(4,2)|PACIFIC COAST(4,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(4,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(4,2)|WATER STATE(4,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(4,1)|CHANGING SEASON(4,1)|EGG MASS(4,1)|ENCROACHMENT(4,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(4,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(4,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(4,1)|GRASS(4,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(4,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(4,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(4,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(4,1)|ANCHOVETTA(3,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(3,1)|BROADCAST(3,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(3,1)|CONTROVERSY(3,1)|COW(3,1)|DOLPHIN(3,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(3,1)|DROUGHT(3,1)|EAST(3,1)|ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETICACID(3,1)|FISH CATCH(3,1)|FISHERMAN(3,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(3,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(3,1)|HATCHERY(3,1)|HORSEPOWER(3,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|IPEMIS(3,1)|IPENTIS(3,1)||(CA2273337)|SEA(100,28)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(100,20)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(100,15)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,5)|BARREN OCEAN(100,2)|FERTILIZER(99,45)|NUTRIENT(44,17)|FISH SPECIES(41,2)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(39,3)|COAST(37,7)|MICROORGANISM(37,4)|SEAFOOD INCREASED PRODUCTION(36,3)|IRON CHELATE(32,5)|PHYTOPLANKTON(31,10)|FERTILIZATION(23,20)|INCREASED PRODUCTION(22,3)|BARREN OPEN OCEAN(21,3)|FERTILIZER PELLET(18,7)|FERTILIZE SURFACE(18,1)|FLOAT MATERIAL(16,5)|BINDER(15,4)|MINERAL(15,4)|PHOTIC ZONE(14,7)|MOLECULAR WEIGHT STARCH(14,4)|FISH(14,3)|BARREN OCEAN FERTILIZATION(13,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(13,1)|WAX(12,4)|SEA FERTILIZATION(12,3)|OCEAN PRODUCTIVE ZONE(12,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTIVITY(11,2)|FAVORITE CROP PLANTING(11,1)|OCEAN WATER(10,14)|WORLD FISHER WOMAN(10,1)|FERTILIZING EIEMENT(9,1)|HORSE DOMESTICATION(9,1)|SEAFOOD GROWTH DYNAMICS(9,1)|SEEDED FISH STOCK HARVESTING(9,1)|SEAWATER(8,7)|DENSITY MATERIAL(8,3)|VERDANT ZONE(8,2)|BARREN DESERT(8,1)|COUNTRY COAST(8,1)|FAVORED PHYTOPLANKTON(8,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(8,1)|FERTILIZING TIMED RELEASE(8,1)|MICROORGANISM BLOOM(8,1)|MOLDBOARD PLOW(8,1)|NUTRIENT FERTILIZER(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION BASIC PARAMETER(8,1)|OCEAN NUTRIENT(8,1)|SEAFOOD HARVESTING(8,1)|ZOOPLANKTON GRAZE(8,1)|AMENDED SHEET(7,3)|CERAMIC BUBBLE(7,2)|CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE(7,1)|FARMER PRODUCTIVITY(7,1)|ISLAND STATE(7,1)|OCEAN FARMING(7,1)|SEAFOOD YEAR(7,1)|SOIL FERTILIZATION(7,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN(7,1)|WILD ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(7,1)|000PER YEAR(6,1)|ALGAE INTRODUCTION(6,1)|COMPANION BOAT(6,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(6,1)|FERTILIZING RELEASE(6,1)|FERTILIZING SEPARATION(6,1)|GULF STREAM MILE(6,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION COST(6,1)|PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE(6,1)|PERUVIAN UPWELLING LEVEL(6,1)|SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION(6,1)|WEST COAST(6,1)|ANCESTOR(5,3)|NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISM(5,2)|SEA PLANT LIFE(5,2)|CERAMIC BALLOON(5,1)|COUNTRY FISHING INDUSTRY(5,1)|EARLY HISTORY(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(5,1)|IRON LIGNIN(5,1)|NATURAL UPWELLING(5,1)|OCEAN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)|OCEAN REST(5,1)|SOLUBLE FERTILIZER(5,1)|PCT US(4,4)|JOB(4,3)|SHIP(4,3)|ATLANTIC(4,2)|BIOMASS(4,2)|DESIRABLE FISH(4,2)|PACIFIC COAST(4,2)|PLASTIC MATRIX(4,2)|SLOW RELEASE PELLET(4,2)|WATER STATE(4,2)|ACTIVE INTERVENTION(4,1)|CHANGING SEASON(4,1)|EGG MASS(4,1)|ENCROACHMENT(4,1)|FERTILIZATION CONDITION(4,1)|FERTILIZED OCEAN AREA(4,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(4,1)|GRASS(4,1)|GULF STREAM ROUND(4,1)|NITROGEN FIXING PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(4,1)|SEAFOOD MAXIMUM PRODUCTION(4,1)|SEVEN FACTOR(4,1)|ANCHOVETTA(3,1)|BAIT FISH LARGE AVAILABILITY(3,1)|BROADCAST(3,1)|CIVILIZED WORLD(3,1)|CONTROVERSY(3,1)|COW(3,1)|DOLPHIN(3,1)|DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION(3,1)|DROUGHT(3,1)|EAST(3,1)|ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETICACID(3,1)|FISH CATCH(3,1)|FISHERMAN(3,1)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(3,1)|HARVEST LARGE FISH(3,1)|HATCHERY(3,1)|HORSEPOWER(3,1)|INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|IPEMIS(3,1)|IPENTIS(3,1)| | (US5967087)|I claim:|1. A method of increasing seafood production in the open ocean comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of the open ocean, in order to determine a first nutrient that is missing to a significant extent and a second nutrient that is missing to a significant extent; and| (2) applying separately a first fertilizer which comprises said first missing nutrient and a second fertilizer which comprises said second missing nutrient, to fertilize said area of the surface of the open ocean with an appropriate amount of said first missing nutrient and an appropriate amount of said second missing nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said first missing nutrient in a form that does not precipitate to any substantial extent; and| (3) harvesting at least a portion of the increased production of seafood that results from said fertilization of said open ocean.|2. The method of claim 1, wherein said chelate comprises a lignin.|3. The method of claim 2, wherein said chelate comprises lignin acid sulfonate.|4. The method of claim 1, wherein said second fertilizer releases said second missing nutrient in a form that does not precipitate to any substantial extent, and said second fertilizer does not comprise iron.|5. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen, is applied with at least one of said fertilizers.|6. The method of claim 5, wherein said microorganism comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton.|7. The method of claim 4, wherein said second fertilizer comprises phosphate.|8. The method of claim 4, wherein said second fertilizer comprises trace minerals.|9. The method of claim 4, wherein said second fertilizer is in the form of pellets, and said pellets comprise a float material selected from gas bubbles or low density materials, and said pellets further comprise a binder selected from plastic, wax, high molecular weight starch, or a combination thereof.|10. The method of claim 1, wherein said step (3) is preceded by the step of seeding the surface of the ocean with at least one species of fish.|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: separately applying a first fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the open ocean with a first nutrient and a second fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the open ocean with a second nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form that does not precipitate to any substantial extent.|12. The method of claim 11, wherein said chelate comprises lignin.|13. The method of claim 12, wherein said chelate comprises lignin acid sulfonate.|14. The method of claim 11, wherein said second fertilizer releases said second nutrient in a form that does not precipitate to any substantial extent, and said second fertilizer does not comprise iron.|15. The method of claim 14, wherein at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen, is applied with at least one of said fertilizers.|16. The method of claim 15, wherein said microorganism comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton.|17. The method of claim 14, wherein said second fertilizer comprises phosphate.|18. The method of claim 14, wherein said second fertilizer comprises trace minerals.|19. The method of claim 14, wherein said second fertilizer is in the form of pellets, and said pellets comprise a float material selected from gas bubbles or low density materials, and said pellets further comprise a binder selected from plastic, wax, high molecular weight starch, or a combination thereof.|20. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of seeding the surface of the ocean with at least one species of fish. | (US5967087)|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|Priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) is claimed based upon application Ser. No. 60/033,018 filed Dec. 17, 1996.|(US5967087)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|The field of the invention is the production of seafood.|The earliest history of the human race shows us as hunter-gatherers, who took what the land produced for our own purposes. These hunter-gatherers were part of the natural scene rather than changing the natural scene for their own purposes. About 7,000 to 8,000 years ago in the Middle East, this changed with the domestication of wild animals, such as the cow, pig, goat, sheep and dog. At that point, our ancestors began herding domestic animals to the best pastures with changing seasons and conditions. Our ancestors continued to hunt and gather food, but found herding more productive. This trend continued with the domestication of the horse in the arid regions of Western Asia.|Then about 5,500 years ago, a new invention swept the then-civilized world. This invention was the mold-board plow, which increased the productivity of a farmer by about a factor of seven. It also changed the way we looked at the land, from passive acceptance to active intervention. This change resulted in the planting of favorite crops, rather than accepting what had always grown there. Our ancestors also began to add water and nutrients to the soil, to further increase productivity.|These transitions were not always smooth or without controversy. For many years, there was a free range in the Western states of the United States of America. At that time, some argued strongly against fences, roads, houses, farms and railroads. They argued that cities would follow such encroachments on the free range, and they were right.|While such transitions have progressed considerably on the land resulting in an increase in output of about two thousand times, they have hardly begun on the oceans which cover almost three fourths of the earth's surface. A similar return in the increased productivity of the oceans may be achieved by similar changes.|The fishermen and the fisherwomen of the world have known for many years that there is a great variation in the productivity of the different areas of the oceans and other bodies of water. Recently, the extent of this variation has been measured and the reasons for it determined. It is now known that about 60% of all life in the ocean arises from 2% of the ocean surface. Thus, the ocean may be considered as a vast barren desert with only a few verdant zones where life abounds. These verdant zones are easy to spot. For most of the ocean surface, you can see about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters) through the water, as you can see in the Gulf Stream. In contrast, you can see only a few feet through the water in the productive zones of the oceans because the living matter in the water is so dense. This is the case in the natural upwelling off the coast of Peru.|Samples have been taken from these productive zones, and from other areas of the ocean. The difference has been determined. The productive zones of the ocean are rich in iron, phosphorus, nitrogen and trace minerals, while the rest of the ocean is missing one or more of these elements. These fertilizing minerals are required in order to obtain the maximum production of seafood from a given area in the ocean. There is considerable variance in the nutrients present in different zones of the ocean surface, and samples must be taken and analyzed in order to ascertain the exact level of nutrients required to obtain the productivity of the Peruvian upwelling.|The oceans differ from the land in several regards: (1) there is never a drought in the oceans; (2) the oceans move; and (3) the oceans mix both vertically and horizontally. The first difference means that the oceans need only minor constituents in order to achieve improved productivity. The second difference means that the fertilization may be carried out at a location that is quite distant from the location where the harvesting of seafood is carried out. The third difference means that the fertilization must be carried out on a large scale, or the results of the fertilization may be impossible to find.|Methods of increasing seafood production in the ocean are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,173 and 5,535,701, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|A method of improved production of seafood in the open ocean is achieved by (1) testing the water at the ocean surface in order to determine the nutrients that are missing or are in too low concentration, (2) using a fertilizer that releases an appropriate amount these nutrients over time and in a form that remains available to the phytoplankton (for example, the nutrients should not leave the photic zone by precipitation to any substantial extent) to fertilize the ocean, (3) seeding the fertilized ocean with favored phytoplankton and fish and (4), harvesting the seafood that is produced by the fertilization. The testing may be carried out by any of a number of methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, in order to ascertain the nutrients that are missing to a significant extent from the water. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the production of seafood would be reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. An appropriate amount of a missing nutrient is an amount to raise the concentration of the nutrient at the ocean surface so that the production of seafood is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of the nutrient.|The fertilization of the barren ocean to increase seafood production may be carried out with a fertilizer system that comprises one or more fertilizers. If the ocean water is missing nitrates, then the fertilizers should comprise nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, such as blue green algae and phytoplankton (such as Trichodesmium) which fix nitrogen in the open ocean, and sufficient nutrients to cause the bloom of these microorganisms should these microorganisms be missing or be in too low a concentration. The addition of iron may be the only nutrient required to cause blue green algae and phytoplankton (such as Trichodesmium) to bloom and to fix nitrogen but iron must be added in a form that protects the iron from reaction with the ocean water so that the iron does not precipitate but remains in the photic zone where it can fertilize the ocean plant life. This can best be done by adding iron in a form of a chelate. If needed, the chelate may be added in slow release pellets to release the iron slowly into the ocean water.|The fertilizer system should provide the other (non-nitrate and non-iron) nutrients that are missing from the ocean water. Since these nutrients, principally phosphate, may react with the iron chelate if the concentrations of the phosphate and the iron chelate in the ocean water are both high, these other nutrients should also preferably be added to the ocean water in the form of slow release pellets, or in the case of phosphoric acid, a dilute solution may be used. These slow release pellets should release each fertilizing element into the photic zone in a form that does not precipitate or otherwise remove these elements from the photic zone. This can be done by applying the phosphate and/or iron fertilizer separately from the other nutrient fertilizer, such as from opposite sides of a large boat, or from companion boats.|The fertilizer pellets are compounded to achieve a density of less than seawater so that they float, releasing their fertilizing elements at or near the ocean surface. This can be done by attaching the fertilizing elements to a float material such as glass or ceramic bubbles, and plastic foam, or by introducing gas bubbles into the fertilizer pellets during manufacture. The fertilizer pellets may also comprise a binder such as plastic, wax, high molecular-weight starch or a combination thereof, which provides the timed release of the fertilizing elements to the ocean water.|Many areas of the ocean that may be suitable for increasing seafood production by this method do not have indigenous fish populations that can prosper from the increased plant life produced. Therefore, it may be useful to seed the fertilized ocean with selected fish species such as filter feeders that can eat the phytoplankton and zooplankton produced. The harvesting of these seeded fish stocks and other pelagic and migratory fish attracted to the fertilized ocean area may be carried out at the point of application of the fertilizer system, but at a later time, or when ocean currents are involved, the harvesting may be carried out at a point downstream of where the fertilizers are applied, and downstream of where any seeding occurs.|(US5967087)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|Ocean fertilization according to the present invention would greatly increase the productivity of seafood from the oceans. (The term "oceans" also includes seas, bays and other large bodies of water). For example, ocean fertilization along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States could increase the productivity off these coasts up the level that occurs naturally off the coast of Peru. This could increase the productivity of seafood along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States by a factor of 30 or more, and thereby provide thousands of new jobs and revitalize a fishing industry that is in decline in some areas of the United States, while at the same time generating a high quality protein food for both domestic consumption and export. Ocean fertilization could also increase the fish catch off the coasts of other countries with the same benefits.|The ocean fertilization could take place within national waters, thereby assuring that the benefits of the increased production of seafood would inure to the benefit of the fishing industry of the country that engages in the ocean fertilization. For example, all of the fertilization by the United States could take place within the 200 mile (about 323 kilometer) limit, so that essentially all of the impact would be within U.S. waters.|The basic parameter of ocean fertilization is that about 1 pound (about 0.45 kilogram) of fertilizer produces about 2 to 10 tons (about 1.8 to 9.1 metric tons) of biomass in the ocean. A conservative estimate would be that a ton (about 0.9 metric ton) would produce about 4,000 tons (about 3,600 metric tons) of biomass in the ocean.|The productivity per surface area should be higher in the fertilized ocean, as compared to the fertilized land. Sugar cane cultivation currently produces about 40 tons per acre (about 36 metric tons per 0.4 hectare) per year. If the same rate of production is achieved in ocean fertilization, this would be about 25,600 tons per square mile (about 23,300 metric tons per 2.6 square kilometers) per year.|On the land, fertilization is almost always accompanied by planting. In the ocean, the fertilization may be combined with the introduction of algae, egg masses and other organisms, including juvenile fish from hatcheries. This may further increase the production of seafood from the ocean.|On the land, the planting and fertilization are usually carried out in the spring, and the harvesting is usually carried out in the fall. In ocean farming, the amount of time between fertilization and harvesting depends on a number of factors. When fertilizing elements are available the phytoplankton in the tropical ocean increases by a factor of two to four each day. Then zooplankton graze on the phytoplankton, the bait fish eat the zooplankton and phytoplankton, and on up the food chain to the large mammals and fish. Off the coasts of the United States, the most significant currents are the Gulf Stream and the Japanese current. Each of these flow at about 4 miles per hour (about 6.4 kilometers per hour). Thus, fertilization at one location of the ocean surface in either of these currents, will produce results for harvesting at another location downstream. A delay time of about four days would be about 400 miles (about 645 kilometers) at about 4 miles per hour (about 6.4 kilometers per hour). For the Gulf Stream, this means that fertilization off of Key West, Fla., would result in improved fishing off of north Florida, with the larger fish coming in off the coasts of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia. The improved fishing could continue for many miles of the Gulf Stream depending on how the fertilization was carried out.|Testing may determine that ocean fertilization in the Gulf Stream may be carried out even earlier, such as off the west coast of Florida, so that the phytoplankton bloom is already underway by the time the Gulf Stream rounds Key West, Florida. This would allow more time to harvest the larger fish off the East Coast of the United States before the Gulf Stream veers east out of the national waters of the United States.|In the Gulf Stream, the fertilizer is expected to consist primarily of iron with some phosphates and some nitrogen fixing microorganisms, in order to bring the nutrient content up to the level of the Peruvian upwelling. The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes. However, the result of ocean fertilization is almost certainly that phytoplankton will grow, and the rest will follow.|Ocean fertilization is effective only in the upper level of the ocean, and preferably in the top about 100 feet (about 30 meters) of the ocean. Therefore the preferred method of ocean fertilization will be to produce a fertilizer pellet that floats with a density less than seawater, and preferably about 0.9 times that of seawater. This can be accomplished by using low density materials in the formulation like waxes, by latching the fertilizer to a float material such as glass or ceramic bubbles, and plastic foam, or, preferably, by including gas bubbles in the form of ceramic balloons or gas bubbles in a plastic matrix in the fertilizer pellet. Where the mixing layer is shallow, it may be possible to disperse soluble fertilizers, such as phosphoric acid, directly into the wake of the boat, and still keep the fertilizer in the photic zone.|The fertilizer will preferably be in a form that will dissolve in the surface water over a period of several days or perhaps as long as two weeks. Therefore, a preferred method of ocean fertilization will include the mixture of the fertilizer with a binder such as a high molecular weight starch, a wax or a plastic matrix such as cellulose acetate so as to produce a fertilizer pellet that releases the fertilizing elements slowly in ocean water. This will keep the concentrations of the fertilizing elements low so they will not react with each other or with the ocean water, forming precipitates and leaving the photic zone.|This is especially important in the case of iron fertilization. Iron can be protected from reaction with the ocean water by adding it to the ocean in the form of a chelate. The chelate may include ethylene-diamine tetraaceticacid (EDTA), lignins and many others. Iron lignins can form precipitates with monoamonium phosphate (MAP) in seawater at concentrations of each, iron and phosphorous, greater than about two parts per million (sixteen parts per million MAP and 18 parts per million iron lignin). These concentrations are not a problem as long as the two fertilizing elements are dispensed separately, as from opposite sides of a boat, or from separate boats. The preferable chelates may include lignin acid sulfonate.|The fertilizing elements are used up in the verdant ocean water in about 20 days. Therefore, continuous additions of fertilizer will be required to maintain the desired ocean productivity.|The thus fertilized ocean may be seeded with desirable fish, including filter feeders such as anchovetta, menhaden and sardines. At a later time special inducements beyond the large availability of bait fish may be included, bringing in higher-value fish such as tuna, swordfish and dolphin.|The amounts of iron, phosphorous and other fertilizing elements added to the ocean will depend on the requirements to increase the production of seafood. The initial method of ocean fertilization should be designed to bring the relevant portion of the ocean surface to the nutrient composition of the ocean surface in the Peruvian upwelling, because of the known production of seafood there. The method of ocean fertilization will preferably include additional testing and studies of the dynamics of seafood growth under the conditions of fertilization, so that further modifications and improvements in the composition of the fertilizer and the method of ocean fertilization can be achieved.|The ocean fertilization of about 53,000 square miles (about 140,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 1,340 million tons (about 1,220 million metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 350,000tons (about 322,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer. This is about 1,000 tons (about 900 metric tons) per day for 350 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $400 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $140,000,000 per year. The cost of ocean fertilization preferably also includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of ocean fertilization, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|The present method of improved production of seafood would have a significant impact. The production of 50,000,000tons (about 45,000,000 metric tons) per year of additional seafood along one coast of the United States would produce a $40,000,000,000 industry if the value of the seafood averages $0.40 per pound (0.45 kilograms). This would create 800,000 new jobs if there was one job for each $50,000 in sales per year.|The description above is based on the Gulf Stream which flows near the largest centers of population of the United States and has an existing fishing industry, because the data was readily available. However, the present method of improved production of seafood is applicable to other areas well. Modifications of the method will be required depending on the location. For example, the present method is applicable to the island nations of the equatorial Pacific Ocean as well. These nations have very large ocean areas within their Exclusive Economic Zones which could be utilized for this purpose.|Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on the area of the ocean that is being fertilized.|The present method of ocean fertilization could utilize ships that would be at sea for about 120 days, and have the capacity to carry about 120,000 tons (about 110,000 metric tons) of fertilizer. The ships would be provided with pumps to mix the fertilizer with the seawater, and disperses the mixture into the ocean. Each ship could be provided with 20 3 pumps of 2,500 horsepower each, in order to spray a mixture of 90% seawater and 10% fertilizer over the stern. Each ship would need to have a capacity of about 600,000 Bbls (about 90,000 kiloliters), which is a medium size tanker.|The fertilizer to be used in the present method of production of seafood will have a number of specifications, such as the rate of release of the fertilizing elements to the ocean water, the chemical form of the fertilizing elements to assure that they remain available to the ocean plant life (phytoplankton), and the separation of the fertilizing elements into individual pellets that are introduced into the ocean some distance apart. Such pellets should have a density of less than seawater so they will gradually release their fertilizing elements at or near the ocean surface.|The seeding of the present method of production of seafood will preferable include seeding with nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton in the broadcast stream of fertilizer pellets. Seeding with desirable fish will also be important since filter feeder fish will generally not be present in the barren open ocean water prior to fertilization. Seeding with other higher value fish may also be practiced in order to maximize the economic return from the venture.|Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | (US5967087)|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|Priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) is claimed based upon application Ser. No. 60/033,018 filed Dec. 17, 1996.|(US5967087)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|The field of the invention is the production of seafood.|The earliest history of the human race shows us as hunter-gatherers, who took what the land produced for our own purposes. These hunter-gatherers were part of the natural scene rather than changing the natural scene for their own purposes. About 7,000 to 8,000 years ago in the Middle East, this changed with the domestication of wild animals, such as the cow, pig, goat, sheep and dog. At that point, our ancestors began herding domestic animals to the best pastures with changing seasons and conditions. Our ancestors continued to hunt and gather food, but found herding more productive. This trend continued with the domestication of the horse in the arid regions of Western Asia.|Then about 5,500 years ago, a new invention swept the then-civilized world. This invention was the mold-board plow, which increased the productivity of a farmer by about a factor of seven. It also changed the way we looked at the land, from passive acceptance to active intervention. This change resulted in the planting of favorite crops, rather than accepting what had always grown there. Our ancestors also began to add water and nutrients to the soil, to further increase productivity.|These transitions were not always smooth or without controversy. For many years, there was a free range in the Western states of the United States of America. At that time, some argued strongly against fences, roads, houses, farms and railroads. They argued that cities would follow such encroachments on the free range, and they were right.|While such transitions have progressed considerably on the land resulting in an increase in output of about two thousand times, they have hardly begun on the oceans which cover almost three fourths of the earth's surface. A similar return in the increased productivity of the oceans may be achieved by similar changes.|The fishermen and the fisherwomen of the world have known for many years that there is a great variation in the productivity of the different areas of the oceans and other bodies of water. Recently, the extent of this variation has been measured and the reasons for it determined. It is now known that about 60% of all life in the ocean arises from 2% of the ocean surface. Thus, the ocean may be considered as a vast barren desert with only a few verdant zones where life abounds. These verdant zones are easy to spot. For most of the ocean surface, you can see about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters) through the water, as you can see in the Gulf Stream. In contrast, you can see only a few feet through the water in the productive zones of the oceans because the living matter in the water is so dense. This is the case in the natural upwelling off the coast of Peru.|Samples have been taken from these productive zones, and from other areas of the ocean. The difference has been determined. The productive zones of the ocean are rich in iron, phosphorus, nitrogen and trace minerals, while the rest of the ocean is missing one or more of these elements. These fertilizing minerals are required in order to obtain the maximum production of seafood from a given area in the ocean. There is considerable variance in the nutrients present in different zones of the ocean surface, and samples must be taken and analyzed in order to ascertain the exact level of nutrients required to obtain the productivity of the Peruvian upwelling.|The oceans differ from the land in several regards: (1) there is never a drought in the oceans; (2) the oceans move; and (3) the oceans mix both vertically and horizontally. The first difference means that the oceans need only minor constituents in order to achieve improved productivity. The second difference means that the fertilization may be carried out at a location that is quite distant from the location where the harvesting of seafood is carried out. The third difference means that the fertilization must be carried out on a large scale, or the results of the fertilization may be impossible to find.|Methods of increasing seafood production in the ocean are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,173 and 5,535,701, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|A method of improved production of seafood in the open ocean is achieved by (1) testing the water at the ocean surface in order to determine the nutrients that are missing or are in too low concentration, (2) using a fertilizer that releases an appropriate amount these nutrients over time and in a form that remains available to the phytoplankton (for example, the nutrients should not leave the photic zone by precipitation to any substantial extent) to fertilize the ocean, (3) seeding the fertilized ocean with favored phytoplankton and fish and (4), harvesting the seafood that is produced by the fertilization. The testing may be carried out by any of a number of methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, in order to ascertain the nutrients that are missing to a significant extent from the water. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the production of seafood would be reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. An appropriate amount of a missing nutrient is an amount to raise the concentration of the nutrient at the ocean surface so that the production of seafood is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of the nutrient.|The fertilization of the barren ocean to increase seafood production may be carried out with a fertilizer system that comprises one or more fertilizers. If the ocean water is missing nitrates, then the fertilizers should comprise nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, such as blue green algae and phytoplankton (such as Trichodesmium) which fix nitrogen in the open ocean, and sufficient nutrients to cause the bloom of these microorganisms should these microorganisms be missing or be in too low a concentration. The addition of iron may be the only nutrient required to cause blue green algae and phytoplankton (such as Trichodesmium) to bloom and to fix nitrogen but iron must be added in a form that protects the iron from reaction with the ocean water so that the iron does not precipitate but remains in the photic zone where it can fertilize the ocean plant life. This can best be done by adding iron in a form of a chelate. If needed, the chelate may be added in slow release pellets to release the iron slowly into the ocean water.|The fertilizer system should provide the other (non-nitrate and non-iron) nutrients that are missing from the ocean water. Since these nutrients, principally phosphate, may react with the iron chelate if the concentrations of the phosphate and the iron chelate in the ocean water are both high, these other nutrients should also preferably be added to the ocean water in the form of slow release pellets, or in the case of phosphoric acid, a dilute solution may be used. These slow release pellets should release each fertilizing element into the photic zone in a form that does not precipitate or otherwise remove these elements from the photic zone. This can be done by applying the phosphate and/or iron fertilizer separately from the other nutrient fertilizer, such as from opposite sides of a large boat, or from companion boats.|The fertilizer pellets are compounded to achieve a density of less than seawater so that they float, releasing their fertilizing elements at or near the ocean surface. This can be done by attaching the fertilizing elements to a float material such as glass or ceramic bubbles, and plastic foam, or by introducing gas bubbles into the fertilizer pellets during manufacture. The fertilizer pellets may also comprise a binder such as plastic, wax, high molecular-weight starch or a combination thereof, which provides the timed release of the fertilizing elements to the ocean water.|Many areas of the ocean that may be suitable for increasing seafood production by this method do not have indigenous fish populations that can prosper from the increased plant life produced. Therefore, it may be useful to seed the fertilized ocean with selected fish species such as filter feeders that can eat the phytoplankton and zooplankton produced. The harvesting of these seeded fish stocks and other pelagic and migratory fish attracted to the fertilized ocean area may be carried out at the point of application of the fertilizer system, but at a later time, or when ocean currents are involved, the harvesting may be carried out at a point downstream of where the fertilizers are applied, and downstream of where any seeding occurs.|(US5967087)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|Ocean fertilization according to the present invention would greatly increase the productivity of seafood from the oceans. (The term "oceans" also includes seas, bays and other large bodies of water). For example, ocean fertilization along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States could increase the productivity off these coasts up the level that occurs naturally off the coast of Peru. This could increase the productivity of seafood along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States by a factor of 30 or more, and thereby provide thousands of new jobs and revitalize a fishing industry that is in decline in some areas of the United States, while at the same time generating a high quality protein food for both domestic consumption and export. Ocean fertilization could also increase the fish catch off the coasts of other countries with the same benefits.|The ocean fertilization could take place within national waters, thereby assuring that the benefits of the increased production of seafood would inure to the benefit of the fishing industry of the country that engages in the ocean fertilization. For example, all of the fertilization by the United States could take place within the 200 mile (about 323 kilometer) limit, so that essentially all of the impact would be within U.S. waters.|The basic parameter of ocean fertilization is that about 1 pound (about 0.45 kilogram) of fertilizer produces about 2 to 10 tons (about 1.8 to 9.1 metric tons) of biomass in the ocean. A conservative estimate would be that a ton (about 0.9 metric ton) would produce about 4,000 tons (about 3,600 metric tons) of biomass in the ocean.|The productivity per surface area should be higher in the fertilized ocean, as compared to the fertilized land. Sugar cane cultivation currently produces about 40 tons per acre (about 36 metric tons per 0.4 hectare) per year. If the same rate of production is achieved in ocean fertilization, this would be about 25,600 tons per square mile (about 23,300 metric tons per 2.6 square kilometers) per year.|On the land, fertilization is almost always accompanied by planting. In the ocean, the fertilization may be combined with the introduction of algae, egg masses and other organisms, including juvenile fish from hatcheries. This may further increase the production of seafood from the ocean.|On the land, the planting and fertilization are usually carried out in the spring, and the harvesting is usually carried out in the fall. In ocean farming, the amount of time between fertilization and harvesting depends on a number of factors. When fertilizing elements are available the phytoplankton in the tropical ocean increases by a factor of two to four each day. Then zooplankton graze on the phytoplankton, the bait fish eat the zooplankton and phytoplankton, and on up the food chain to the large mammals and fish. Off the coasts of the United States, the most significant currents are the Gulf Stream and the Japanese current. Each of these flow at about 4 miles per hour (about 6.4 kilometers per hour). Thus, fertilization at one location of the ocean surface in either of these currents, will produce results for harvesting at another location downstream. A delay time of about four days would be about 400 miles (about 645 kilometers) at about 4 miles per hour (about 6.4 kilometers per hour). For the Gulf Stream, this means that fertilization off of Key West, Fla., would result in improved fishing off of north Florida, with the larger fish coming in off the coasts of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia. The improved fishing could continue for many miles of the Gulf Stream depending on how the fertilization was carried out.|Testing may determine that ocean fertilization in the Gulf Stream may be carried out even earlier, such as off the west coast of Florida, so that the phytoplankton bloom is already underway by the time the Gulf Stream rounds Key West, Florida. This would allow more time to harvest the larger fish off the East Coast of the United States before the Gulf Stream veers east out of the national waters of the United States.|In the Gulf Stream, the fertilizer is expected to consist primarily of iron with some phosphates and some nitrogen fixing microorganisms, in order to bring the nutrient content up to the level of the Peruvian upwelling. The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes. However, the result of ocean fertilization is almost certainly that phytoplankton will grow, and the rest will follow.|Ocean fertilization is effective only in the upper level of the ocean, and preferably in the top about 100 feet (about 30 meters) of the ocean. Therefore the preferred method of ocean fertilization will be to produce a fertilizer pellet that floats with a density less than seawater, and preferably about 0.9 times that of seawater. This can be accomplished by using low density materials in the formulation like waxes, by latching the fertilizer to a float material such as glass or ceramic bubbles, and plastic foam, or, preferably, by including gas bubbles in the form of ceramic balloons or gas bubbles in a plastic matrix in the fertilizer pellet. Where the mixing layer is shallow, it may be possible to disperse soluble fertilizers, such as phosphoric acid, directly into the wake of the boat, and still keep the fertilizer in the photic zone.|The fertilizer will preferably be in a form that will dissolve in the surface water over a period of several days or perhaps as long as two weeks. Therefore, a preferred method of ocean fertilization will include the mixture of the fertilizer with a binder such as a high molecular weight starch, a wax or a plastic matrix such as cellulose acetate so as to produce a fertilizer pellet that releases the fertilizing elements slowly in ocean water. This will keep the concentrations of the fertilizing elements low so they will not react with each other or with the ocean water, forming precipitates and leaving the photic zone.|This is especially important in the case of iron fertilization. Iron can be protected from reaction with the ocean water by adding it to the ocean in the form of a chelate. The chelate may include ethylene-diamine tetraaceticacid (EDTA), lignins and many others. Iron lignins can form precipitates with monoamonium phosphate (MAP) in seawater at concentrations of each, iron and phosphorous, greater than about two parts per million (sixteen parts per million MAP and 18 parts per million iron lignin). These concentrations are not a problem as long as the two fertilizing elements are dispensed separately, as from opposite sides of a boat, or from separate boats. The preferable chelates may include lignin acid sulfonate.|The fertilizing elements are used up in the verdant ocean water in about 20 days. Therefore, continuous additions of fertilizer will be required to maintain the desired ocean productivity.|The thus fertilized ocean may be seeded with desirable fish, including filter feeders such as anchovetta, menhaden and sardines. At a later time special inducements beyond the large availability of bait fish may be included, bringing in higher-value fish such as tuna, swordfish and dolphin.|The amounts of iron, phosphorous and other fertilizing elements added to the ocean will depend on the requirements to increase the production of seafood. The initial method of ocean fertilization should be designed to bring the relevant portion of the ocean surface to the nutrient composition of the ocean surface in the Peruvian upwelling, because of the known production of seafood there. The method of ocean fertilization will preferably include additional testing and studies of the dynamics of seafood growth under the conditions of fertilization, so that further modifications and improvements in the composition of the fertilizer and the method of ocean fertilization can be achieved.|The ocean fertilization of about 53,000 square miles (about 140,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 1,340 million tons (about 1,220 million metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 350,000tons (about 322,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer. This is about 1,000 tons (about 900 metric tons) per day for 350 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $400 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $140,000,000 per year. The cost of ocean fertilization preferably also includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of ocean fertilization, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|The present method of improved production of seafood would have a significant impact. The production of 50,000,000tons (about 45,000,000 metric tons) per year of additional seafood along one coast of the United States would produce a $40,000,000,000 industry if the value of the seafood averages $0.40 per pound (0.45 kilograms). This would create 800,000 new jobs if there was one job for each $50,000 in sales per year.|The description above is based on the Gulf Stream which flows near the largest centers of population of the United States and has an existing fishing industry, because the data was readily available. However, the present method of improved production of seafood is applicable to other areas well. Modifications of the method will be required depending on the location. For example, the present method is applicable to the island nations of the equatorial Pacific Ocean as well. These nations have very large ocean areas within their Exclusive Economic Zones which could be utilized for this purpose.|Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on the area of the ocean that is being fertilized.|The present method of ocean fertilization could utilize ships that would be at sea for about 120 days, and have the capacity to carry about 120,000 tons (about 110,000 metric tons) of fertilizer. The ships would be provided with pumps to mix the fertilizer with the seawater, and disperses the mixture into the ocean. Each ship could be provided with 20 3 pumps of 2,500 horsepower each, in order to spray a mixture of 90% seawater and 10% fertilizer over the stern. Each ship would need to have a capacity of about 600,000 Bbls (about 90,000 kiloliters), which is a medium size tanker.|The fertilizer to be used in the present method of production of seafood will have a number of specifications, such as the rate of release of the fertilizing elements to the ocean water, the chemical form of the fertilizing elements to assure that they remain available to the ocean plant life (phytoplankton), and the separation of the fertilizing elements into individual pellets that are introduced into the ocean some distance apart. Such pellets should have a density of less than seawater so they will gradually release their fertilizing elements at or near the ocean surface.|The seeding of the present method of production of seafood will preferable include seeding with nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton in the broadcast stream of fertilizer pellets. Seeding with desirable fish will also be important since filter feeder fish will generally not be present in the barren open ocean water prior to fertilization. Seeding with other higher value fish may also be practiced in order to maximize the economic return from the venture.|Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | Family Number|(54859170)|54859170|Abstract|(AR--10356 A1)|A method of ocean fertilization comprising analyzing water on the ocean surface in order to determine nutrients encountered by applying to the ocean surface a first fertilizer comprising an iron chelate and collecting the resulting increased seafruit production. The method may further comprise replicating a nitrogen-fixing microorganism, such as phytoplankton, applying adiconal fertilizers, and seeding the ocean with fish. Each fertilizer releases the nutrient (s) over time into the photic zone and deforms such that it does not precipitate prior to use by the phytoplankton.|Advantages / Prev. Drawbacks|(CA2273337 C)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(CA2273337 A1)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(GB2335836 A)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(US5967087 A)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|(WO9826653 A1)|The ocean fertilization should be monitored by testing because the Gulf Stream is complex with swirls and eddies along the coast, and there are the effects of storms, tides and occasional hurricanes.|Independent Claims|(CA2273337 C)|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean off the coasts with a first nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form (...) |(CA2273337 A1)|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean off the coasts with a first nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form (...) |(GB2335836 A)|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean with a first nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form that does not (...) |(US5967087 A)|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: separately applying a first fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the open ocean with a first nutrient and a second fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the open ocean with a second nutrient, wherein said first (...) |(WO9826653 A1)|11. A method of ocean fertilization comprising the following step: applying a fertilizer to fertilize the surface of the ocean with a first nutrient, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said first fertilizer releases said iron in a form that does not (...) | | Other special machines | A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/80|A01K-063/04|Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/80|A01K-063/04|Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/00|A01K-063/04 | A01K|A01K-061/00|A01K-063/04|C05D-009/00 | PCLO=119231000|PCLX=119215000|PCLX=119230000 | PCLO=119231000 PCLX=119215000 PCLX=119230000 | CN107426985|WO200457963|EP1207743;EP1207743;EP1207743|WO200065902|WO2008131485|US20170360065|WO200919529|WO2006104809;WO2006104809|EP1562418;EP1562418|WO200445274;WO200445274|RU2756750|CN105994033B|US9334199|US8894737|TWI462695|US8722390|JP2013158252|JP6052483|US20090227161|US8033879|US20090118859|US20090119025|US20090119122|US9034594|JP2009502486|US20080124446|JP2006069866|US6729063|US6676908|US6408792|US6440367|US6503467|AU-761848|EP1207743;EP1207743;EP1207743|EP1913809;EP1913809|WO200065902|US6200530|US6391238|US6056919 | CN107426985 73295300 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO200457963 35643721 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|EP1207743 881798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO200065902 881798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO2008131485 1837785 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|US20170360065 73295300 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO200919529 19314046 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2006104809 44565865 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|EP1562418 5026623 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO200445274 5026623 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|RU2756750 92222687 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN105994033B 74367796 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US9334199 64759666 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US8894737 64759666 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|TWI462695 64759666 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8722390 45969321 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2013158252 46044872 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP6052483 46044872 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090227161 43797922 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8033879 43797922 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20090118859 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090119025 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090119122 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US9034594 44191677 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2009502486 62127156 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20080124446 44161109 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2006069866 32350908 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6729063 5026623 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US6676908 1278591 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6408792 35674732 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6440367 35674732 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6503467 1278591 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|AU-761848 881798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|EP1207743 881798 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|EP1913809 881798 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO200065902 881798 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6200530 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US6391238 21943130 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US6056919 43123675 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | US5613465|US5567221|US5535701|US4911952|US5613465|US5613465|US5567221|US5567221|US5567221|US5535701|US5535701|US5535701|JP08089126|JP07127029|JP06144975|US4911952|US4911952|US4911952|US4911952|US4597883|JP54015861|US4066462|JP48046832 | US5613465 60317564 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y CAT=P|US5567221 59972967 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US5535701 1220367 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US4911952 1330932 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US5613465 60317564 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5613465 60317564 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5567221 59972967 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5567221 59972967 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5567221 59972967 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5535701 1220367 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5535701 1220367 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5535701 1220367 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP08089126 20909961 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP07127029 28558464 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP06144975 20892869 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US4911952 1330932 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US4911952 1330932 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US4911952 1330932 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US4911952 1330932 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US4597883 42568757 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP54015861 25829700 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US4066462 2542016 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP48046832 24769167 WHO=Unknown SELF=N | |US5535701; US5567221; US4911952; US5613465|||||AU2284395; AU4747596; AU6954794|US4911952; US5535701; US5567221|WO95029583; JP54015861; JP06144975; JP08089126; JP07127029|AU2284395; AU4747596; US4911952||US4911952; US5535701; US5567221; US5613465||||US4066462; US4597883; US4911952; US5535701; US5567221; US5613465; JP04683273; JP48046832 | (US5967087)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-Phytoplankton Bloom on Iron Rations , Bruce W. Frost, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 475 476 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-A Massive Phytoplankton Bloom Induced by an Ecosystem scale Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Equatorial Pacific , Kenneth H. Coale et al, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 495 501 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Confirmation of Iron Limitation of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean , Michael J. Behrenfeld et al, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 508 511 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Large Decrease in Ocean Surface CO 2 Fungacity in Response to In situ Iron Fertilization , D.J. Cooper et al, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 511 513 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Increase Dimethyl Sulphide Concentrations in Sea Water from In situ Iron Enrichment , Suzanne M. Turner et al, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 513 517 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Oceanographers Green Thumb , Science, vol. 269, p. 759 (Aug. 11, 1995).|||||||||||||||| | REVOKED | (US5967087)|LAPSED|(WO98/26653)|LAPSED|(GB2335836)|LAPSED|(JP2002514062)|REVOKED|(CN1193657)|LAPSED|(CN1105493)|LAPSED|(CA2273337)|LAPSED|(NO319985)|LAPSED|(RU2248695)|LAPSED|(AU778813)|EXPIRED|(HK1026341)|LAPSED|(AU744525)|EXPIRED|(NZ336097)|EXPIRED|(AR010356)|LAPSED|(BR9713581)|REVOKED|(ID22268)|LAPSED | DEAD | (US5967087)|DEAD|(WO98/26653)|DEAD|(GB2335836)|DEAD|(JP2002514062)|DEAD|(CN1193657)|DEAD|(CN1105493)|DEAD|(CA2273337)|DEAD|(NO319985)|DEAD|(RU2248695)|DEAD|(AU778813)|DEAD|(HK1026341)|DEAD|(AU744525)|DEAD|(NZ336097)|DEAD|(AR010356)|DEAD|(BR9713581)|DEAD|(ID22268)|DEAD | (US5967087)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US5967087|Actual or expected expiration date=2011-11-14|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=1997-10-24|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application 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number=AR--10356|Event publication date=2005-06-07|Event code=AR/EEDL|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Pending application likely abandoned|(BR9713581)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR BR9713581|Actual or expected expiration date=2005-04-19|Legal state=DEAD|Status=REVOKED|Event publication date=1997-12-11|Event code=BR/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=BR BR9713581|Application date=1997-12-11|Standardized application number=1997BR-0013581|Event publication date=2000-03-14|Event code=BR/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=BR|Publication number=BR9713581|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2000-03-14|Standardized publication number=BR9713581|Event publication date=2004-08-17|Event code=BR/B07A|Event group=Examination events|Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion)|Ciencia de parecer: conhecimento de parecer tecnico [codigo 7.1 rpi]|Event publication date=2005-04-19|Event code=BR/B09B|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Decision: refusal|Decisao: indeferimento|(ID22268)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR ID22268|Actual or expected expiration date=2004-09-23|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=1997-12-11|Event code=ID/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=ID ID990535|Application date=1997-12-11|Standardized application number=1999ID-W000535|Event publication date=1999-09-23|Event code=ID/A|Event group=Examination events|Patent application|Publication country=ID|Publication number=ID22268|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=1999-09-23|Standardized publication number=ID--22268|Event publication date=2004-09-23|Event code=ID/EEDL|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Pending application likely abandoned | (WO98/26653)|ARIPO: GH, SD, UG, GM, LS, SZ, KE, MW, ZW|(WO98/26653)|EPO: DE, BE, FI, CH, DK, LU, GR, IT, FR, ES, AT, GB, IE|(WO98/26653)|National States: TT, DE, PT, LR, DK, LS, LT, LU, LV, UA, HU, UG, MD, MG, ID, YU, MK, US, EE, MN, IL, UZ, IS, MW, AL, MX, AM, ES, AT, AU, VN, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, NO, FI, RU, BG, JP, NZ, BR, SD, SE, SG, SI, BY, SK, SL, KE, GB, KG, CA, GE, GH, CH, KP, KR, CN, KZ, CU, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, PL, TR, LK | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=t/12zo4bT3nR3D6g+cCSChX4n5EyVake66kX6Irr/skRMo5gnoYOkXSTXCpblr3YUtJZQSfwUD0=&n=1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/08950418/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=H1kb53gOd7LdGqGyRhNS9XfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO98/26653)|US|(CN1193657)|US|(CN1440645)|US | (WO98/26653)|NAME=MARKELS, Michael, Jr. [US / US] Versar, Inc. 6850 Versar Center P.O. Box 1549 Springfield, VA 22151 , COUNTRY=US|(CN1193657)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR. , COUNTRY=US|(CN1440645)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR. , COUNTRY=US | |(WO98/26653)|US|||||(CA2273337)|CA| | (US5967087)|NAME=Bacon & Thomas, PLLC|(WO98/26653)|NAME=MOORE, Thomas, J. etc. Bacon & Thomas 4th floor 625 Slaters Lane Alexandria, VA 22314 , COUNTRY=US|(CN1193657)|NAME=TAI HONG;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001|(CN1440645)|NAME=TAI HONG;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001|(CN1105493)|NAME=WEI JINXI;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001NAME=WEN HONGYAN;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001|(CN1247451)|NAME=WEI JINXI;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001NAME=WEN HONGYAN;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001|(CA2273337)|NAME=RIDOUT & MAYBEE LLP , COUNTRY=CA|(CA2273337)|NAME=RIDOUT & MAYBEE LLP | (US5967087)|US|(WO98/26653)|US|||||||(CA2273337)|US|(CA2273337)|US|||||||||||||| | (US5967087)|NAME=Markels, Jr. Michael c/o Versar, Inc., 6850 Versar Center, P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, POSTCODE=22151, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(WO98/26653)|NAME=MARKELS, Michael, Jr. [US / US] Versar, Inc. 6850 Versar Center P.O. Box 1549 Springfield, VA 22151, COUNTRY=US|(GB2335836)|NAME=MICHAEL * MARKELS JR|(GB2335836)|NAME=MICHAEL * MARKELS JR|(CN1193657)|NAME=MICHAEL MAKAILS. JR.|(CN1440645)|NAME=MICHAEL MAKAILS|NAME=JR.|(CN1105493)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(CN1247451)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(CA2273337)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL JR. c/o Versar, Inc., 6850 Versar Center P.O. Box 1549, CITY=SPRINGFIELD, POSTCODE=22151, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(CA2273337)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR, COUNTRY=US|(NO319985)|NAME=MARKELS JR MICHAEL|(NO992925)|NAME=MARKELS JR., MICHAEL|(NO992925)|NAME=MARKELS JR., MICHAEL|(RU2248695)|NAME=MARKELS Majkl ml. (US)|(AU778813)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(AU4240802)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(HK1026341)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR|(HK1026341)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(HK1026341)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR|(AU744525)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(AU7734498)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(NZ336097)|NAME=MARKELS JR|(BR9713581)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS|(ID22268)|NAME=DR. MICHAEL MARKELS, JR | Titre: (US5967087)|Method of increasing seafood production in the barren ocean Résumé: (US5967087)|A method of increasing seafood production in the oceans comprises testing the water at the surface of the ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, applying to the surface of the ocean a first fertilizer that comprises an iron chelate, and harvesting the increased production of seafood that results. The method may further comprise applying a microorganism that fixes nitrogen such as phytoplankton, applying additional fertilizers, and seeding the ocean with fish. Each fertilizer releases the nutrient(s) over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate before use by the phytoplankton. | 3.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The focus is on increasing seafood production rather than enhancing CO₂ uptake or carbon sequestration through phytoplankton growth. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | US63/288,771P|US17/994,664 | US17/994,664 | US20230183633 | 105249253 | US20230183633 A1 2023-06-15 [US20230183633] | 2021-12-13|2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | 2023-06-15 | (US20230183633)|2042-11-28 | (US20230183633)|Offshore mobile platform for electrochemical ocean iron fertilization and hydrogen gas generation | (US20230183633)|An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) method and system for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean. The system includes a cathode submerged or floating in the ocean; an iron or iron-producing anode submerged or floating in the ocean spaced apart from the cathode; and a power supply unit connected to the cathode and the anode. The power supply unit drives electric current between the cathode and the anode such the anode generates oxygen (O2) and ferrous iron through electrolysis to be released in the ocean, and the cathode produces hydrogen (H2) and hydroxide (OH—) species through an electrochemical reaction at the cathode. | NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA|WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION | (US20230183633)|Northeastern University ([US])|Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ([US]) | TAQIEDDIN AMIR|ALSHAWABKEH AKRAM|BUESSELER KENNETH O | (US20230183633)|Taqieddin Amir|Alshawabkeh Akram|Buesseler Kenneth O. | (US20230183633)|Therefore, it would be desirable to find an efficient technique for OIF.|The anode and cathode can have different shapes to generate a more complex electric field arrangement to tune the dimensionality of the electrochemical process.| | (US20230183633)|1 . An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) system for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean, comprising: a cathode submerged or floating in the ocean; an iron or iron-producing anode submerged or floating in the ocean spaced apart from the cathode; a power supply unit connected to the cathode and the anode for driving electric current between the cathode and the anode such the anode generates oxygen (O2) and ferrous iron through electrolysis to be released in the ocean, and the cathode produces hydrogen (H2) and hydroxide (OH-) species through an electrochemical reaction at the cathode.|16 . An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) method for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean, comprising: submerging or floating a cathode in the ocean; submerging or floating an iron or iron-producing anode in the ocean spaced apart from the cathode; driving electric current between the cathode and the anode using a power supply such the anode generates oxygen (O2) and ferrous iron through electrolysis to be released in the ocean, and the cathode produces hydrogen (H2) and hydroxide (OH-) species through an electrochemical reaction at the cathode.| | (US20230183633)|An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) method and system for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean. The system includes a cathode submerged or floating in the ocean; an iron or iron-producing anode submerged or floating in the ocean spaced apart from the cathode; and a power supply unit connected to the cathode and the anode.| | (US20230183633)|SEA(100,36)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,22)|OFFSHORE MOBILE PLATFORM(100,4)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(100,3)|CONTROLLED RELEASE(100,3)|IRON CONTROLLED RELEASE(100,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(100,3)|ELECTROCHEMICAL OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,1)|HYDROGEN GAS GENERATION(100,1)|CATHODE(74,33)|ANODE(48,31)|ELECTROLYSIS(35,4)|IRON PRODUCING ANODE(32,4)|TOWABLE PLATFORM(29,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS DIMENSIONALITY(25,1)|IRON BIOAVAILABILITY(24,2)|FERROUS IRON(23,5)|ENHANCE ALKALINITY(23,1)|OCEAN CAPACITY(21,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION(19,9)|IRON RELEASE REACTION(16,1)|CONTROL IRON FLUX RELEASE(14,3)|DRIVING ELECTRIC CURRENT(14,2)|HORIZONTAL ORIENTATION(14,1)|ELECTRIC CURRENT MAGNITUDE(13,3)|RENEWABLE ENERGY(13,3)|BICARBONATE(12,1)|COLLECTOR(12,1)|TIDAL TURBINE(11,3)|GIVEN SPECIES REACH(11,1)|PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL(11,1)|FREE STANDING PLATFORM(10,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL(9,7)|BOAT(9,2)|CARBONATE IRON(9,1)|MECHANICAL POWER GENERATOR(8,3)|BIOGENIC IRON DUST(8,2)|SEAWATER SPLITTING(8,2)|ELECTRO CHEMICAL TRANSPORT(7,2)|GAS STORAGE(7,2)|IRON ELECTROCOAGULATION(7,2)|PLATFORM DECK(7,2)|LABORATORY TESTING CAMPAIGN(7,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ECOSYSTEM(7,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(6,2)|IRON ELECTROLYSIS(6,2)|CHEMOSYNTHETIC IRON OXIDIZING BACTERIUM(6,1)|OCEAN ALKALINITY(6,1)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION(6,1)|BLUE ENERGY(5,4)|IRON CYCLING(5,2)|PERFORATED PLATE(5,2)|CHLORINATED METHANE(5,1)|COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY SIMULATION(5,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTROLYSIS(5,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL PLATFORM(5,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL SPECIES TRANSPORT(5,1)|ELECTRON PARTICIPATION(5,1)|FARADAY LAW(5,1)|FLOATING CATHODE UNDERWATER ANODE(5,1)|GLOBAL CLIMATE(5,1)|INCREASED PH LEVEL(5,1)|INVENTED PLATFORM(5,1)|IRON INTERRELATED INFLUENCE(5,1)|LEGALIZATION RESTRICTION(5,1)|PLATFORM ENGINEERING(5,1)|POWER SUPPLY(5,1)|PROPOSED BIOGENIC OXIDE REACTIVITY(5,1)|CHLORIDE ION(4,3)|ATOMIST IC(4,1)|CO2 CONSUMPTION(4,1)|COMPUTATIONAL TOOL(4,1)|EMITTED CO2(4,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(4,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(4,1)|INFLUENCE INTERRELATION(4,1)|INSTALLER OPTION(4,1)|IRON AVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT(4,1)|ORIENTATION OPTIMIZATION(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON CELL VOLUME(4,1)|PILLOW LIFT BAG(4,1)|PLATFORM FUNCTIONALITY(4,1)|POLARITY REVERSAL(4,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|SEQUESTRATE ATMOSPHERIC CO2(4,1)|UNDERWATER ANODE CATHODE(4,1)|WATER CONTAMINANT(4,1)|AUTHOR(3,2)|SEQUESTRATION(3,2)|BATTERY CHARGE(3,1)|ENHANCED CATHODIC REDUCTION(3,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(3,1)|EVOLUTION REACTION(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT(3,1)|EXPERIMENTALLY REPORTED VALUE(3,1)|FARADAY CONSTANT(3,1)|FLOATING ANODE CATHODE(3,1)|GENERATED FERROUS IRON BIOAVAILABILITY(3,1)|HORIZONTAL STACK ORIENTATION(3,1)|HYBRID ELECTRODE(3,1)|INSTALLED TANK(3,1)|NET CATHODE(3,1)|OXYGEN FUEL(3,1)|PRODUCED IRON BIOAVAILABILITY(3,1)|RELEASING IRON(3,1)|SCENARIO(3,1)|SOLAR PV CELL(3,1)|SPHERICAL DISC ANODE(3,1)|SQ FT(3,1)|WATER ALKALINITY(3,1)|POWER SUPPLY UNIT(2,10)|CURRENT NEED(2,3)|ELECTRODE CONFIGURATION(2,3)|3D ARRANGEMENT(2,1)|ACCESSIBILITY(2,1)|AIRCRAFT(2,1)|ALTITUDE(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(2,1)|BACTERIA(2,1)|CHEMICAL ENHANCEMENT(2,1)|CHLORINE GAS(2,1)|COMPLEX ELECTRIC FIELD ARRANGEMENT(2,1)|CONVECTION RATE(2,1)|COUPLED ECOSYSTEM MODEL(2,1)|CYLINDRICAL ROD ELECTRODE(2,1)|DYNAMIC FEATURE(2,1)| | (US20230183633)|1. An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) system for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean, comprising:| a cathode submerged or floating in the ocean;| an iron or iron-producing anode submerged or floating in the ocean spaced apart from the cathode;| a power supply unit connected to the cathode and the anode for driving electric current between the cathode and the anode such the anode generates oxygen (O2) and ferrous iron through electrolysis to be released in the ocean, and the cathode produces hydrogen (H2) and hydroxide (OH—) species through an electrochemical reaction at the cathode.|2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a collector for collecting the H2, and a gas storage unit for storing the H2.|3. The system of claim 1, wherein the OH— is released to the ocean to enhance alkalinity of the ocean via increasing the pH level of the ocean.|4. The system of claim 3, wherein the increased pH level promotes de-acidifying the ocean and converting the CO2 in the ocean to bicarbonate or carbonate irons, thereby increasing the ocean capacity to removal more atmospheric CO2.|5. The system of claim 1, wherein the power supply unit comprises a mechanical power generator, a battery, or a renewable energy device.|6. The system of claim 5, wherein the renewable energy device comprises photovoltaic cells, a tidal turbine, or a blue energy device.|7. The system of claim 5, wherein the mechanical power generator is fueled by H2 collected at the cathode.|8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured for operation in a free-standing platform, a towable platform, or a boat.|9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a control system configured to operate the system continuously, intermittently, or as a function of time.|10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a control system configured to vary the magnitude of the electric current supplied by the power supply unit to control iron flux release.|11. The system of claim 1, wherein the cathode and the anode operate in a vertical or a horizontal orientation.|12. The system of claim 1, wherein the cathode and the anode comprise cylindrical rods, nets, plates, perforated plates, disks, or spheres.|13. The system of claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises aluminum, iron, or steel.|14. The system of claim 1, wherein the cathode and the anode are layered.|15. The system of claim 1, further comprising catalysts or selective membranes proximate to the anode to reduce the reach of given species to the anode.|16. An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) method for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean, comprising:| submerging or floating a cathode in the ocean;| submerging or floating an iron or iron-producing anode in the ocean spaced apart from the cathode;| driving electric current between the cathode and the anode using a power supply such the anode generates oxygen (O2) and ferrous iron through electrolysis to be released in the ocean, and the cathode produces hydrogen (H2) and hydroxide (OH—) species through an electrochemical reaction at the cathode.|17. The method of claim 16, further comprising varying the magnitude of the electric current to control iron flux release.|18. The method of claim 16, further comprising causing selective iron release reactions to change the form of the released iron for increasing iron bioavailability.|19. The method of claim 16, further comprising collecting the H2 in a gas storage unit.|20. The method of claim 16, further comprising varying the magnitude of the electric current supplied by the power supply unit to control iron flux release. | (US20230183633)|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/288,771 filed on Dec. 13, 2021 entitled Offshore Mobile Platform for Electrochemical Ocean Iron Fertilization & Hydrogen Gas Generation, which is hereby incorporated by reference.|(US20230183633)|BACKGROUND|[0002] The ocean is a large sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) since it can uptake 25% of the emitted CO2 by human activities (i.e., about 2 petagrams of carbon per year)1. Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) is one of several proposed methods to sequestrate atmospheric CO2 and mitigate its effect on the global climate2. Releasing iron at the upper level of the ocean (e.g., within the first 100 meters from the surface) stimulates the growth rate of phytoplankton, which are bacteria, protists, and plants in some areas of the ocean. Phytoplankton consume the atmospheric CO2 and release oxygen (O2) using photosynthesis. The consumed CO2 is proportional to the growth rate of phytoplankton, which depends on the available nutrients in the ocean such as iron. Experimental measurements have shown that increasing the iron concentration by 2 nM could almost double the specific growth rate of phytoplankton3. The expansion in the ecosystem of phytoplankton is proportional to the CO2 uptake in the ocean2,4,5 since the photosynthesis process is linearly proportional to the phytoplankton's cell volume5. This can have a major positive impact on global warming and climate change by stimulating the carbon (C) sequestration by expanding the growth and uptake of CO2 by phytoplankton and assuming that some fraction of the carbon reaches the deep ocean where it is stored for long periods of time out of contact with the atmosphere. For this purpose, earlier studies proposed different approaches to enhance the iron availability in the ocean for phytoplankton. Lauderdale et al.—2020 hypothesized that binding the ocean iron with organic molecules enhances the iron bioavailability6. The authors claim that this approach could form a reinforcing cycle between the biological activity of phytoplankton and iron cycling. However, this approach focuses only on the iron cycling in the ocean rather than increasing the ocean iron concentration through fertilization. Alternatively, Emerson-2019 proposed using biogenic iron dust for OIF7. The dust is made from Fe-oxides, which are produced by chemosynthetic iron-oxidizing bacteria. Then the formed dust would be dispersed, at altitude by an aircraft, into the open ocean. The author highlights that an extensive campaign of laboratory testing is needed to investigate the reactivity of the proposed biogenic oxide in both the atmosphere and the ocean. Therefore, in addition to the complexity of this approach, there could be restrictive legalization of dispersing dust in the atmosphere due to its unknown effect on atmospheric chemistry. To sum up, there is no well-established technique that has been optimized for the process of using OIF for C sequestration. Therefore, it would be desirable to find an efficient technique for OIF. Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to techniques combining both OIF and hydrogen (H2) gas generation in seawater using electrochemical reactions.|BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0003] In accordance with one or more embodiments, a novel offshore mobile platform is disclosed for OIF and H2 gas generation using electrochemical processes. The platform uses an iron or iron-producing anode to generate ferrous iron for phytoplankton via electrolysis. In addition, the electrochemical reaction at the cathode produces H2 and hydroxide (OH—) species. The generated H2 gas at the cathode side is collected and stored on the platform for future reuse as a fuel (e.g., an energy source for the platform or transfer to onshore). The produced OH-increases the alkalinity of the ocean. Alternatively, the generated OH— can be converted to oxygen (O2) gas and coupled with any possible oxygen evolution at the anode as part of the iron electrolysis. The platform and its reactions can be powered by a variety of energy sources, including traditional electric sources (e.g., mechanical power generator or charged batteries onboard the platform or ship), renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, tidal, blue energies), or by reusing the generated and stored H2 as a fuel.|[0004] The design of the mobile platform provides extensive control over handling, transport, and running the platform. The platform can be either self-operated and free-standing in the ocean (i.e., floating and driven by the ocean current), or tugged by an external device such as a ship, underwater remote operating vehicle (ROV), or any floating device. Alternatively, the platform can be installed onboard a ship and carried out across the ocean to distribute the generated iron over a large scale. In these different scenarios, the electrodes can be either submerged or floating. Further, the electrode configuration and stacking can have various designs to provide more flexibility in handling the electrochemical reactions. The variety in selecting the shape and configuration of the electrode offer high flexibility, including applying the electrochemical process in a one-, two-, or three-dimensional (i.e., 1D, 2D, or 3D) arrangement, and handling the electrode offshore. Moreover, the electrochemical processes within the platform can be temporally varying to ensure efficient OIF and avoid any saturation in the growth rate of phytoplankton. This allows more accessibility to control the reaction and supply rates. For example, the OIF process can be applied continuously, intermittently (e.g., applied, stopped, or reversed in polarity over time), or as a function of time (e.g., simple pulse/alternating function). The applied current can be controlled by using a power supply unit on the platform. This electrochemical platform offers a wide range of flexible and dynamic features that allow the implementation and engineering of different processes. For example, the platform functionality is not restricted to OIF and H2 production but can be used in other electrochemical applications such as seawater desalination, blue energy harvesting, or mineral extraction.|(US20230183633)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0005] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a platform for OIF using electrochemical processes in accordance with one or more embodiments.|[0006] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a platform for OIF with various alternate powering systems including tidal turbine, PV cells, and hydrogen fuel systems in accordance with one or more embodiments.|[0007] FIGS. 3A-3C are schematic diagrams illustrating a platform for OIF in different installation options in accordance with one or more embodiments: self-operating and drifted by the ocean waves (FIG. 3A), self-operating and tugged by a ship or ROV (FIG. 3B), and carried out by a ship (FIG. 3C).|[0008] FIGS. 4A-4C are schematic diagrams illustrating a platform for OIF with different electrode configurations in accordance with one or more embodiments: underwater anode/cathode with vertical facing orientation (FIG. 4A), floating cathode/underwater anode with horizontal stacking orientation (FIG. 4B), and floating anode/cathode with horizontal facing orientation (FIG. 4C).|[0009] FIGS. 5A-5D are schematic diagrams illustrating a platform for OIF with different electrode shapes in accordance with one or more embodiments: flat plates (FIG. 5A), rods (FIG. 5B), porous plates (FIG. 5C), and net cathode with spherical/disk anode (FIG. 5D).|(US20230183633)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary offshore mobile platform for electrochemical OIF and H2 production in accordance with one or more embodiments. The generated iron via the electrochemical reactions is directly dissolved into the ocean in its ferrous form to become available to the phytoplankton. Unlike previous OIF techniques, the electrochemical approach in accordance with one or more embodiments can produce bioavailable iron without preprocessing (e.g., making iron powder1) or any additional chemical reactions that can impact the ocean environment. The system includes four main components: anode 10, cathode 12, power supply unit 14, and gas storage tank 16. The chemical reactions occur at the electrodes 10, 12 to produce iron and H2 gas as follows:|[0011] At the anode 10, iron electrolysis takes place using either an iron or iron-production electrode. The standard potential of this electrolysis reaction is 0.44 V2. The reaction is given as:|Fe(s)→Fe(aq)+2+2e−.|[0012] In addition, O2 evolution reaction can occur at the anode as follows:|2H2O(l)→O2(g)+4H(aq)++4e−.|[0013] The generated oxygen gas can be collected and stored. Or, it can leave the ocean surface to the atmosphere.|[0014] At the cathode 12, seawater splitting takes place to produce H2 gas. The produced gas is be collected and stored using the installed tank at the platform as shown in FIG. 1. The water-splitting reaction is given as:|2H2O+2e−→H2(g)+2OH(aq)−.|[0015] The formed OH— increases the water's alkalinity. The overall reactions at the anode 10 and cathode 12 can involve additional secondary reactions as will be discussed below.|[0016] These electrochemical reactions are electrically powered by either a traditional electrical generator, a renewable energy device (e.g., solar PV cells 26, a tidal turbine 28, blue energy harvesting), or by reusing the generated hydrogen as fuel. FIG. 2 illustrates some of these options. The platform design promotes sustainability and environmentally-friendly techniques to eliminate any harmful impact on the ocean or atmospheric environment. In addition, the platform can be designed with high flexibility and dynamicity. The platform structure can be either floating in the ocean or carried out on a ship/barge as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C. In the FIG. 3A embodiment, the platform is self-operating and floating using an installed device (e.g., marine salvage or pillow lift bags 20). The load of the lift bags 20 will be equal to or more than the weight of the platform to keep it floating. In this case, the top part of the platform (e.g., deck) is above the ocean surface and the electrodes 10, 12 can be either floating or underwater as shown in FIGS. 4A-4C. The power supply unit 14 and gas storage tank 16 are installed on the platform deck. The floating platform can be either driven by the ocean currents (FIG. 3A) or tugged by a boat or ROV 22 (FIG. 3B) to distribute the generated iron in the ocean. Alternatively, the platform can be carried out by a ship 24 and the electrode parts as illustrated in FIG. 3C. In this case, the platform deck will be operated from the ship 24.|[0017] The electrodes 10, 12 can have various configurations and shapes to optimize the electrochemical processes and the engineering of the platform. The anode 10 and cathode 12 can be installed in various facing orientations such as vertical or horizontal configurations as exhibited in FIGS. 4A-4C. The optimized orientation can be determined by engineering several aspects including the direction of the electrochemical transport. Further, the anode 10 and cathode 12 can have many shape forms including cylindrical rods, nets, plates, perforated plates, disks, or spheres as shown in FIGS. 5A-5C. For instance, a net shape electrode can be suitable for floating electrode design, and an array of cylindrical rods electrode can be easier for offshore handling. Depending on the configuration and the shape of the electrode, the electrochemical processes can be applied in 1D, 2D, or 3D arrangements. In other words, the transport of the electrochemical species is determined by the dimensionality of the generated electric field which depends on the anode/cathode configuration and shape. The anode and cathode can have different shapes to generate a more complex electric field arrangement to tune the dimensionality of the electrochemical process.|[0018] For material selection, the anode 10 can be made from either iron or iron-producing materials. The cathode 12 can be made from iron, steel, or any other material. Both the anode 10 and cathode 12 can be made from iron with polarity reversal3. Additional materials, if necessary, can be used to enhance the chemical conditions such as using Aluminum. Finally, the electrolysis reaction and its mass transfer rate can be primarily controlled by manipulating the applied current at the electrodes. Continuous, intermittent, or time-varying current profiles can be applied. For example, a simple pulse current or temporal function of current application/reversal can be controlled using a controller associated with the power supply unit at the platform.|Feasibility Analysis|[0019] We computed the needed iron and electricity to increase the ocean iron concentration within the experimentally reported values4. We aim to increase the ferrous iron concentration (Fe+2) by 1 nM over a surface area of 100 x 100 km and depth of 30 m. Therefore, we performed theoretical analysis as follows:| - 1) The volume will be V=100 x 100 x 106 x 30=3 x 1011 m3 or 3 x 1014 L.| - 2) The needed mass of iron will be m=1 x 10−9 x 3 x 1014=3 x 105 mole or 16.75 ton.| - 3) Using Faraday's law, we can determine the needed current such as:|[0023] where t is the reaction's time which is assumed to be five years (i.e., t=15.77 x 107s), Mw is the molecular mass of iron, n is the number of participating electrons, and F is Faraday's constant. Therefore, the needed current is I=(2 x 96,485 C/mole) x 3 x 105 mole/(15.77 x 107s)=367 A.|[0024] We can install a 20 kW PV system of series panels to obtain the needed current. By assuming that each panel can output a current of ˜6-8 A, we roughly need about 70 panels to power the platform. The 70 panels will have a total equivalent area of 1400 sq ft with a cost of ˜$55,000. These calculations show the feasibility of our practical invention. We should highlight that the needed 16.75 tons can be supplied by running several platforms at the same time. This will reduce the overall needed time to complete the OIF process.|Secondary Reactions|[0025] The main electrochemical reactions in the platform are shown in FIG. 1. However, secondary reactions can occur depending on the pH, presence of various ions, and other environmental conditions. These reactions will mainly affect the bioavailability of the generated ferrous irons for the phytoplankton. For example, ferric iron (i.e., Fe(aq)+3)) or iron oxide (i.e., Fe(OH)2(s)) can form by hydrolysis or oxidation processes of Fe(aq)+2 depending on the pH level2,5. In addition, chloride ions can react at the anode to form chlorine gas or are adsorbed at the anode by the surface polarization6,7. At the cathode, secondary reactions can also occur such as converting the formed OH− to O2 gas. Therefore, the environment of the reactions should be controlled to reduce unnecessary secondary reactions. Our invented platform provides high flexibility to control the reaction conditions.|[0026] Several approaches can be implemented to enhance the bioavailability of the produced iron at the anode 10. First, the electrode materials can be optimized to control the electron transfer and surface polarization conditions. For example, layered7 or hybrid electrodes can be used to enhance the chemical conditions if necessary. An array of alternating rods (e.g., Fe—Al—Fe—Al- . . . etc) can be used to improve the reaction conditions as shown in FIG. 5B. Further, adding catalysts or selective membranes near the anode can reduce the reach of specific species to the anode (e.g., chloride ions). The pH level of the reaction medium can also be controlled by optimizing the production rate of OH− at the cathode (e.g., applying the current as a function of time). Finally, electrochemical electrolysis can be performed under forced convection conditions. In other words, the driving speed of the platform by an external ship/ROV will impose a high convection rate on the electrochemical transport. The convection direction can be either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the electrodes depending on the stacking configuration (see FIG. 4). Such forced convection conditions can ensure a fast mass transport rate and mixing of the produced iron at the anode before the occurrence of any additional hydrolysis or oxidation. Also, it can help to avoid increasing the pH level beyond the desirable value at the anode by driving the produced OH− at the electrode away from the anode.|[0027] Understanding the bioavailability and the reaction conditions of OIF and H2 gas production in seawater is crucial to engineer and optimize the efficiency of the platform. Computational tools can be used to investigate the fundamental aspects of these conditions. We can use computational chemistry simulations to study the molecular and atomistic features of the interacting chemical species. Also, computational fluid dynamics can be coupled with the ecosystem characteristics to model the chemical rates and transport of the produced chemical species in the ocean. The coupled ecosystem models can involve the growth and CO2 capturing by the phytoplankton system.|[0028] Having thus described several illustrative embodiments, it is to be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to form a part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. While some examples presented herein involve specific combinations of functions or structural elements, it should be understood that those functions and elements may be combined in other ways according to the present disclosure to accomplish the same or different objectives. In particular, acts, elements, and features discussed in connection with one embodiment are not intended to be excluded from similar or other roles in other embodiments. Additionally, elements and components described herein may be further divided into additional components or joined together to form fewer components for performing the same functions. Accordingly, the foregoing description and attached drawings are by way of example only, and are not intended to be limiting.|REFERENCES|- 1 Emerson, D. Biogenic Iron Dust: A Novel Approach to Ocean Iron Fertilization as a Means of Large Scale Removal of Carbon Dioxide From the Atmosphere. Frontiers in Marine Science 6, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00022 (2019).|- 2 Lakshmanan, D., Clifford, D. A. & Samanta, G. Ferrous and ferric ion generation during iron electrocoagulation. Environ Sci Technol 43, 3853-3859, doi:10.1021/es8036669 (2009).|- 3 Mao, X., Baek, K. & Alshawabkeh, A. N. Iron Electrocoagulation with Enhanced Cathodic Reduction for the Removal of Aqueous Contaminant Mixtures. Environ Eng Manag J 14, 2905-2911 (2015).|- 4 Sunda, W. G. & Huntsman, S. A. Interrelated influence of iron, light and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth. Nature 390, 389-392, doi:10.1038/37093 (1997).|- Matheson, L. J. & Tratnyek, P. G. Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated methanes by iron metal. Environ Sci Technol 28, 2045-2053, doi:10.1021/es00061a012 (1994).|- 6 Huang, C.-H. et al. Effect of Chloride Ions on Electro-Coagulation to Treat Industrial Wastewater Containing Cu and Ni. Sustainability 12, doi:10.3390/su12187693 (2020).|- 7 Kuang, Y. et al. Solar-driven, highly sustained splitting of seawater into hydrogen and oxygen fuels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116, 6624-6629, doi:10.1073/pnas.1900556116 (2019). | (US20230183633)|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/288,771 filed on Dec. 13, 2021 entitled Offshore Mobile Platform for Electrochemical Ocean Iron Fertilization & Hydrogen Gas Generation, which is hereby incorporated by reference.|(US20230183633)|BACKGROUND|[0002] The ocean is a large sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) since it can uptake 25% of the emitted CO2 by human activities (i.e., about 2 petagrams of carbon per year)1. Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) is one of several proposed methods to sequestrate atmospheric CO2 and mitigate its effect on the global climate2. Releasing iron at the upper level of the ocean (e.g., within the first 100 meters from the surface) stimulates the growth rate of phytoplankton, which are bacteria, protists, and plants in some areas of the ocean. Phytoplankton consume the atmospheric CO2 and release oxygen (O2) using photosynthesis. The consumed CO2 is proportional to the growth rate of phytoplankton, which depends on the available nutrients in the ocean such as iron. Experimental measurements have shown that increasing the iron concentration by 2 nM could almost double the specific growth rate of phytoplankton3. The expansion in the ecosystem of phytoplankton is proportional to the CO2 uptake in the ocean2,4,5 since the photosynthesis process is linearly proportional to the phytoplankton's cell volume5. This can have a major positive impact on global warming and climate change by stimulating the carbon (C) sequestration by expanding the growth and uptake of CO2 by phytoplankton and assuming that some fraction of the carbon reaches the deep ocean where it is stored for long periods of time out of contact with the atmosphere. For this purpose, earlier studies proposed different approaches to enhance the iron availability in the ocean for phytoplankton. Lauderdale et al.—2020 hypothesized that binding the ocean iron with organic molecules enhances the iron bioavailability6. The authors claim that this approach could form a reinforcing cycle between the biological activity of phytoplankton and iron cycling. However, this approach focuses only on the iron cycling in the ocean rather than increasing the ocean iron concentration through fertilization. Alternatively, Emerson-2019 proposed using biogenic iron dust for OIF7. The dust is made from Fe-oxides, which are produced by chemosynthetic iron-oxidizing bacteria. Then the formed dust would be dispersed, at altitude by an aircraft, into the open ocean. The author highlights that an extensive campaign of laboratory testing is needed to investigate the reactivity of the proposed biogenic oxide in both the atmosphere and the ocean. Therefore, in addition to the complexity of this approach, there could be restrictive legalization of dispersing dust in the atmosphere due to its unknown effect on atmospheric chemistry. To sum up, there is no well-established technique that has been optimized for the process of using OIF for C sequestration. Therefore, it would be desirable to find an efficient technique for OIF. Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to techniques combining both OIF and hydrogen (H2) gas generation in seawater using electrochemical reactions.|BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0003] In accordance with one or more embodiments, a novel offshore mobile platform is disclosed for OIF and H2 gas generation using electrochemical processes. The platform uses an iron or iron-producing anode to generate ferrous iron for phytoplankton via electrolysis. In addition, the electrochemical reaction at the cathode produces H2 and hydroxide (OH—) species. The generated H2 gas at the cathode side is collected and stored on the platform for future reuse as a fuel (e.g., an energy source for the platform or transfer to onshore). The produced OH-increases the alkalinity of the ocean. Alternatively, the generated OH— can be converted to oxygen (O2) gas and coupled with any possible oxygen evolution at the anode as part of the iron electrolysis. The platform and its reactions can be powered by a variety of energy sources, including traditional electric sources (e.g., mechanical power generator or charged batteries onboard the platform or ship), renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, tidal, blue energies), or by reusing the generated and stored H2 as a fuel.|[0004] The design of the mobile platform provides extensive control over handling, transport, and running the platform. The platform can be either self-operated and free-standing in the ocean (i.e., floating and driven by the ocean current), or tugged by an external device such as a ship, underwater remote operating vehicle (ROV), or any floating device. Alternatively, the platform can be installed onboard a ship and carried out across the ocean to distribute the generated iron over a large scale. In these different scenarios, the electrodes can be either submerged or floating. Further, the electrode configuration and stacking can have various designs to provide more flexibility in handling the electrochemical reactions. The variety in selecting the shape and configuration of the electrode offer high flexibility, including applying the electrochemical process in a one-, two-, or three-dimensional (i.e., 1D, 2D, or 3D) arrangement, and handling the electrode offshore. Moreover, the electrochemical processes within the platform can be temporally varying to ensure efficient OIF and avoid any saturation in the growth rate of phytoplankton. This allows more accessibility to control the reaction and supply rates. For example, the OIF process can be applied continuously, intermittently (e.g., applied, stopped, or reversed in polarity over time), or as a function of time (e.g., simple pulse/alternating function). The applied current can be controlled by using a power supply unit on the platform. This electrochemical platform offers a wide range of flexible and dynamic features that allow the implementation and engineering of different processes. For example, the platform functionality is not restricted to OIF and H2 production but can be used in other electrochemical applications such as seawater desalination, blue energy harvesting, or mineral extraction.|(US20230183633)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0005] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a platform for OIF using electrochemical processes in accordance with one or more embodiments.|[0006] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a platform for OIF with various alternate powering systems including tidal turbine, PV cells, and hydrogen fuel systems in accordance with one or more embodiments.|[0007] FIGS. 3A-3C are schematic diagrams illustrating a platform for OIF in different installation options in accordance with one or more embodiments: self-operating and drifted by the ocean waves (FIG. 3A), self-operating and tugged by a ship or ROV (FIG. 3B), and carried out by a ship (FIG. 3C).|[0008] FIGS. 4A-4C are schematic diagrams illustrating a platform for OIF with different electrode configurations in accordance with one or more embodiments: underwater anode/cathode with vertical facing orientation (FIG. 4A), floating cathode/underwater anode with horizontal stacking orientation (FIG. 4B), and floating anode/cathode with horizontal facing orientation (FIG. 4C).|[0009] FIGS. 5A-5D are schematic diagrams illustrating a platform for OIF with different electrode shapes in accordance with one or more embodiments: flat plates (FIG. 5A), rods (FIG. 5B), porous plates (FIG. 5C), and net cathode with spherical/disk anode (FIG. 5D).|(US20230183633)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary offshore mobile platform for electrochemical OIF and H2 production in accordance with one or more embodiments. The generated iron via the electrochemical reactions is directly dissolved into the ocean in its ferrous form to become available to the phytoplankton. Unlike previous OIF techniques, the electrochemical approach in accordance with one or more embodiments can produce bioavailable iron without preprocessing (e.g., making iron powder1) or any additional chemical reactions that can impact the ocean environment. The system includes four main components: anode 10, cathode 12, power supply unit 14, and gas storage tank 16. The chemical reactions occur at the electrodes 10, 12 to produce iron and H2 gas as follows:|[0011] At the anode 10, iron electrolysis takes place using either an iron or iron-production electrode. The standard potential of this electrolysis reaction is 0.44 V2. The reaction is given as:|Fe(s)→Fe(aq)+2+2e−.|[0012] In addition, O2 evolution reaction can occur at the anode as follows:|2H2O(l)→O2(g)+4H(aq)++4e−.|[0013] The generated oxygen gas can be collected and stored. Or, it can leave the ocean surface to the atmosphere.|[0014] At the cathode 12, seawater splitting takes place to produce H2 gas. The produced gas is be collected and stored using the installed tank at the platform as shown in FIG. 1. The water-splitting reaction is given as:|2H2O+2e−→H2(g)+2OH(aq)−.|[0015] The formed OH— increases the water's alkalinity. The overall reactions at the anode 10 and cathode 12 can involve additional secondary reactions as will be discussed below.|[0016] These electrochemical reactions are electrically powered by either a traditional electrical generator, a renewable energy device (e.g., solar PV cells 26, a tidal turbine 28, blue energy harvesting), or by reusing the generated hydrogen as fuel. FIG. 2 illustrates some of these options. The platform design promotes sustainability and environmentally-friendly techniques to eliminate any harmful impact on the ocean or atmospheric environment. In addition, the platform can be designed with high flexibility and dynamicity. The platform structure can be either floating in the ocean or carried out on a ship/barge as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C. In the FIG. 3A embodiment, the platform is self-operating and floating using an installed device (e.g., marine salvage or pillow lift bags 20). The load of the lift bags 20 will be equal to or more than the weight of the platform to keep it floating. In this case, the top part of the platform (e.g., deck) is above the ocean surface and the electrodes 10, 12 can be either floating or underwater as shown in FIGS. 4A-4C. The power supply unit 14 and gas storage tank 16 are installed on the platform deck. The floating platform can be either driven by the ocean currents (FIG. 3A) or tugged by a boat or ROV 22 (FIG. 3B) to distribute the generated iron in the ocean. Alternatively, the platform can be carried out by a ship 24 and the electrode parts as illustrated in FIG. 3C. In this case, the platform deck will be operated from the ship 24.|[0017] The electrodes 10, 12 can have various configurations and shapes to optimize the electrochemical processes and the engineering of the platform. The anode 10 and cathode 12 can be installed in various facing orientations such as vertical or horizontal configurations as exhibited in FIGS. 4A-4C. The optimized orientation can be determined by engineering several aspects including the direction of the electrochemical transport. Further, the anode 10 and cathode 12 can have many shape forms including cylindrical rods, nets, plates, perforated plates, disks, or spheres as shown in FIGS. 5A-5C. For instance, a net shape electrode can be suitable for floating electrode design, and an array of cylindrical rods electrode can be easier for offshore handling. Depending on the configuration and the shape of the electrode, the electrochemical processes can be applied in 1D, 2D, or 3D arrangements. In other words, the transport of the electrochemical species is determined by the dimensionality of the generated electric field which depends on the anode/cathode configuration and shape. The anode and cathode can have different shapes to generate a more complex electric field arrangement to tune the dimensionality of the electrochemical process.|[0018] For material selection, the anode 10 can be made from either iron or iron-producing materials. The cathode 12 can be made from iron, steel, or any other material. Both the anode 10 and cathode 12 can be made from iron with polarity reversal3. Additional materials, if necessary, can be used to enhance the chemical conditions such as using Aluminum. Finally, the electrolysis reaction and its mass transfer rate can be primarily controlled by manipulating the applied current at the electrodes. Continuous, intermittent, or time-varying current profiles can be applied. For example, a simple pulse current or temporal function of current application/reversal can be controlled using a controller associated with the power supply unit at the platform.|Feasibility Analysis|[0019] We computed the needed iron and electricity to increase the ocean iron concentration within the experimentally reported values4. We aim to increase the ferrous iron concentration (Fe+2) by 1 nM over a surface area of 100 x 100 km and depth of 30 m. Therefore, we performed theoretical analysis as follows:| - 1) The volume will be V=100 x 100 x 106 x 30=3 x 1011 m3 or 3 x 1014 L.| - 2) The needed mass of iron will be m=1 x 10−9 x 3 x 1014=3 x 105 mole or 16.75 ton.| - 3) Using Faraday's law, we can determine the needed current such as:|[0023] where t is the reaction's time which is assumed to be five years (i.e., t=15.77 x 107s), Mw is the molecular mass of iron, n is the number of participating electrons, and F is Faraday's constant. Therefore, the needed current is I=(2 x 96,485 C/mole) x 3 x 105 mole/(15.77 x 107s)=367 A.|[0024] We can install a 20 kW PV system of series panels to obtain the needed current. By assuming that each panel can output a current of ˜6-8 A, we roughly need about 70 panels to power the platform. The 70 panels will have a total equivalent area of 1400 sq ft with a cost of ˜$55,000. These calculations show the feasibility of our practical invention. We should highlight that the needed 16.75 tons can be supplied by running several platforms at the same time. This will reduce the overall needed time to complete the OIF process.|Secondary Reactions|[0025] The main electrochemical reactions in the platform are shown in FIG. 1. However, secondary reactions can occur depending on the pH, presence of various ions, and other environmental conditions. These reactions will mainly affect the bioavailability of the generated ferrous irons for the phytoplankton. For example, ferric iron (i.e., Fe(aq)+3)) or iron oxide (i.e., Fe(OH)2(s)) can form by hydrolysis or oxidation processes of Fe(aq)+2 depending on the pH level2,5. In addition, chloride ions can react at the anode to form chlorine gas or are adsorbed at the anode by the surface polarization6,7. At the cathode, secondary reactions can also occur such as converting the formed OH− to O2 gas. Therefore, the environment of the reactions should be controlled to reduce unnecessary secondary reactions. Our invented platform provides high flexibility to control the reaction conditions.|[0026] Several approaches can be implemented to enhance the bioavailability of the produced iron at the anode 10. First, the electrode materials can be optimized to control the electron transfer and surface polarization conditions. For example, layered7 or hybrid electrodes can be used to enhance the chemical conditions if necessary. An array of alternating rods (e.g., Fe—Al—Fe—Al- . . . etc) can be used to improve the reaction conditions as shown in FIG. 5B. Further, adding catalysts or selective membranes near the anode can reduce the reach of specific species to the anode (e.g., chloride ions). The pH level of the reaction medium can also be controlled by optimizing the production rate of OH− at the cathode (e.g., applying the current as a function of time). Finally, electrochemical electrolysis can be performed under forced convection conditions. In other words, the driving speed of the platform by an external ship/ROV will impose a high convection rate on the electrochemical transport. The convection direction can be either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the electrodes depending on the stacking configuration (see FIG. 4). Such forced convection conditions can ensure a fast mass transport rate and mixing of the produced iron at the anode before the occurrence of any additional hydrolysis or oxidation. Also, it can help to avoid increasing the pH level beyond the desirable value at the anode by driving the produced OH− at the electrode away from the anode.|[0027] Understanding the bioavailability and the reaction conditions of OIF and H2 gas production in seawater is crucial to engineer and optimize the efficiency of the platform. Computational tools can be used to investigate the fundamental aspects of these conditions. We can use computational chemistry simulations to study the molecular and atomistic features of the interacting chemical species. Also, computational fluid dynamics can be coupled with the ecosystem characteristics to model the chemical rates and transport of the produced chemical species in the ocean. The coupled ecosystem models can involve the growth and CO2 capturing by the phytoplankton system.|[0028] Having thus described several illustrative embodiments, it is to be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to form a part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. While some examples presented herein involve specific combinations of functions or structural elements, it should be understood that those functions and elements may be combined in other ways according to the present disclosure to accomplish the same or different objectives. In particular, acts, elements, and features discussed in connection with one embodiment are not intended to be excluded from similar or other roles in other embodiments. Additionally, elements and components described herein may be further divided into additional components or joined together to form fewer components for performing the same functions. Accordingly, the foregoing description and attached drawings are by way of example only, and are not intended to be limiting.|REFERENCES|- 1 Emerson, D. Biogenic Iron Dust: A Novel Approach to Ocean Iron Fertilization as a Means of Large Scale Removal of Carbon Dioxide From the Atmosphere. Frontiers in Marine Science 6, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00022 (2019).|- 2 Lakshmanan, D., Clifford, D. A. & Samanta, G. Ferrous and ferric ion generation during iron electrocoagulation. Environ Sci Technol 43, 3853-3859, doi:10.1021/es8036669 (2009).|- 3 Mao, X., Baek, K. & Alshawabkeh, A. N. Iron Electrocoagulation with Enhanced Cathodic Reduction for the Removal of Aqueous Contaminant Mixtures. Environ Eng Manag J 14, 2905-2911 (2015).|- 4 Sunda, W. G. & Huntsman, S. A. Interrelated influence of iron, light and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth. Nature 390, 389-392, doi:10.1038/37093 (1997).|- Matheson, L. J. & Tratnyek, P. G. Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated methanes by iron metal. Environ Sci Technol 28, 2045-2053, doi:10.1021/es00061a012 (1994).|- 6 Huang, C.-H. et al. Effect of Chloride Ions on Electro-Coagulation to Treat Industrial Wastewater Containing Cu and Ni. Sustainability 12, doi:10.3390/su12187693 (2020).|- 7 Kuang, Y. et al. Solar-driven, highly sustained splitting of seawater into hydrogen and oxygen fuels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116, 6624-6629, doi:10.1073/pnas.1900556116 (2019). | Family Number|(105249253)|105249253|Object of Invention|(US20230183633 A1)|An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) method and system for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean. |Abstract|(US20230183633 A1)|An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) method and system for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean. The system includes a cathode submerged or floating in the ocean; an iron or iron-producing anode submerged or floating in the ocean spaced apart from the cathode; and a power supply unit connected to the cathode and the anode. The power supply unit drives electric current between the cathode and the anode such the anode generates oxygen (O2) and ferrous iron through electrolysis to be released in the ocean, and the cathode produces hydrogen (H2) and hydroxide (OH—) species through an electrochemical reaction at the cathode.|Title|(US20230183633 A1)|Offshore mobile platform for electrochemical ocean iron fertilization and hydrogen gas generation|Independent Claims|(US20230183633 A1)| (...) An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) method for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean, comprising: submerging or floating a cathode in the ocean; submerging or floating an (...) | (...) An ocean iron fertilization (OIF) system for electrochemically controlled release of iron in an ocean to stimulate growth of phytoplankton to increase CO2 sequestration by the ocean, comprising: a cathode submerged or floating in the ocean; an iron or iron-producing anode (...) | | Biotechnology|Surface technology, coating|Transport | B63B-035/00|B63B-2035/006|B63B-2035/4453|B63B-2035/4466|B63B-2035/4486|C02F-001/461|C02F-2001/46133|C02F-2001/46157|C02F-2103/08|C02F-2201/008|C02F-2201/009|C02F-2303/10|C12M-035/02|C12M-035/08|C25B-001/01|C25B-001/04|C25B-015/02|F03B-013/12|F03B-013/26|Y02E-060/36 | B63B-035/00|B63B-2035/006|B63B-2035/4453|B63B-2035/4466|B63B-2035/4486|C02F-001/461|C02F-2001/46133|C02F-2001/46157|C02F-2103/08|C02F-2201/008|C02F-2201/009|C02F-2303/10|C12M-035/02|C12M-035/08|C25B-001/01|C25B-001/04|C25B-015/02|F03B-013/12|F03B-013/26|Y02E-060/36 | B63B-035/00|C12M-001/42|C25B-001/04 | B63B-035/00|C12M-001/42|C25B-001/04 | US20220388874|US20170314144|US20160027308|US5405717|US20130180400 | US20220388874 94034949 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20170314144 76987244 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20160027308 55026165 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US5405717 1573999 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20130180400 33508401 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=102 CAT=103 | US20160027308; US20130180400; US20170314144; US5405717; US20220388874 | PENDING | (US20230183633)|PENDING | ALIVE | (US20230183633)|ALIVE | (US20230183633)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US20230183633|Actual or expected expiration date=2042-11-28|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US17994664|Application date=2022-11-28|Standardized application number=2022US-17994664|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:KIPOUROS, HOLLY MICHAELA|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: NEX-12401|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 139796|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=Yes|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1799|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/ENT|Event group=Administrative notifications|Entity Status Set to Undiscounted|Event publication date=2022-11-28|Event code=US/PTARDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent Term Adjustment - Ready for Examination|Event publication date=2022-12-13|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Event publication date=2022-12-15|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2023-01-15|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2023-06-14|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2023-06-15|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20230183633|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2023-06-15|Standardized publication number=US20230183633|Event publication date=2024-04-09|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:BUESSELER, KENNETH O.|Reel/frame:067045/0514|OWNER:WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, MASSACHUSETTS|Effective date of the event=2024-03-28|Event publication date=2024-04-11|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignors:TAQIEDDIN, AMIR;ALSHAWABKEH, AKRAM;SIGNING DATES FROM 20240409 TO 20240410|Reel/frame:067075/0086|OWNER:NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, MASSACHUSETTS|Event publication date=2024-04-16|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|Event publication date=2025-07-03|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2025-07-09|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2025-07-10|Event code=US/112NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2025-07-10|R4R=112f|RJST=non-final|Event publication date=2025-07-10|Event code=US/112NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2025-07-10|R4R=112a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 2|Event publication date=2025-07-10|Event code=US/112NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2025-07-10|R4R=112b|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 2, 4, and 15|Event publication date=2025-07-10|Event code=US/102NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 102 - non-novel subject matter in claims|RJD=2025-07-10|R4R=102a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-8, 11, and 14-20|RJCT=US20130180400|Event publication date=2025-07-10|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2025-07-10|R4R=103|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 9-10 and 12-13|RJCT=US20130180400|RJCT=US20220388874|Event publication date=2025-09-12|Event code=US/CTNFR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Non-Final Action|Event publication date=2025-10-01|Event code=US/CTFR|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Final Rejection|Event publication date=2025-10-02|Event code=US/112FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2025-10-02|R4R=112b|RJST=final|Rejected claims 16-20|Event publication date=2025-10-02|Event code=US/102FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 102 - non-novel subject matter in claims|RJD=2025-10-02|R4R=102a|RJST=final|Rejected claims 1, 3-8, 11, and 14-15|RJCT=US20130180400|Event publication date=2025-10-02|Event code=US/103FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2025-10-02|R4R=103|RJST=final|Rejected claims 2; 9-10 and 12-13; 16-18 and 20; 19|RJCT=US20220388874|RJCT=US20130180400|RJCT=US20160027308|RJCT=US20170314144|Event publication date=2025-12-22|Event code=US/CTFAR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Final Action|Event publication date=2026-01-02|Event code=US/RCEX|Event group=Examination events RCE OAI|Request for Continued Examination (RCE)|Event publication date=2026-01-06|Event code=US/DRCECAP|Event group=RCE OAO|Disposal for a RCE / CPA / R129|Event publication date=2026-02-02|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2026-02-05|Event code=US/112NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2026-02-05|R4R=112b|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 16|Event publication date=2026-02-05|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2026-02-05|R4R=103|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1, 3-8, 11, 14-18, and 20; 2 and 19; 9-10 and 12-13|RJCT=US20170314144|RJCT=US20130180400|RJCT=US5405717|RJCT=US20220388874 | (US20230183633)|US | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=lOckPE/DvcMn9lgPNDgViU7S5CYuDst7JjY7t3dG27jB3cyffD7Soc3HTZ4K3xLA34T3rrXcRGc=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US0000000021206980&ekey=1997&xpn=US20230183633&kind=A1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/17994664/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=XWWMYUwT5qz41rWRAOAO3MRHIQdPpfyajIQBIFKxQPE%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (US20230183633)|US | (US20230183633)|NAME=Northeastern University , CITY=Boston , STATE=MA , COUNTRY=US NAME=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , CITY=Woods Hole , STATE=MA , COUNTRY=US | (US20230183633)|US; US; US | (US20230183633)|NAME=Taqieddin Amir, CITY=Malden, STATE=MA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Alshawabkeh Akram, CITY=Franklin, STATE=MA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=Buesseler Kenneth O., CITY=Falmouth, STATE=MA , COUNTRY=US | yes | 5.0 | 0.0 | (US20230183633)|2 | (US20230183633)|18 | (US20230183633)|20 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (US20230183633)|5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | (US20230183633)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Number of Drawings: NDR=12|Number of Figures: NFG=12|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,16|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1| | (US20230183633)|Provisional Appl: US63/288,771 FDD=2021-12-13 [2021US-63288771] | (US20230183633)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US20230183633)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | CA2899051|CA2965409|EP16832007|WOCA2016/050883 | CL2018000139|WOCA2016/050883|HK18114768|EP16832007|HUE16832007|ES16832007T|PL16832007T|PT16832007T|DK16832007T|CN201680056754|US15/749,332|AU2016303912|PE2018000145|CA2965409|CA2899051 | HUE059440|ES2903035|PL3329306|PT3329306|DK3329306|EP3329306|CN108139502|HK1255632|EP3329306|US20180217119|CL2018000139|CN108139502|EP3329306|PE20180806|CA2965409|AU2016303912|CA2899051|WO2017/020120|CA2899051|CA2965409 | 76398916 | CL2018000139 A1 2018-06-29 [CL201800139]|WO2017/020120 A1 2017-02-09 [WO201720120]|HK1255632 A1 2019-08-23 [HK1255632]|EP3329306 B1 2021-10-13 [EP3329306]|EP3329306 A4 2019-05-15 [EP3329306]|EP3329306 A1 2018-06-06 [EP3329306]|HUE059440 T2 2022-11-28 [HUE059440]|ES2903035 T3 2022-03-30 [ES2903035]|PL3329306 T3 2022-02-07 [PL3329306]|PT3329306 T 2022-01-13 [PT3329306T]|DK3329306 T3 2022-01-10 [DK3329306T]|CN108139502 B 2019-09-27 [CN108139502B]|CN108139502 A 2018-06-08 [CN108139502]|US20180217119 A1 2018-08-02 [US20180217119]|AU2016303912 A1 2018-02-22 [AU2016303912]|PE20180806 A1 2018-05-09 [PE201800806]|CA2965409 C 2018-04-24 [CA2965409]|CA2965409 A1 2015-12-01 [CA2965409]|CA2899051 C 2017-07-11 [CA2899051]|CA2899051 A1 2015-12-01 [CA2899051] | 2015-07-31|2016-07-28 | 2018-01-17|2016-07-28|2018-11-19|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2016-07-28|2015-07-31|2015-07-31 | 2022-11-28|2022-03-30|2022-02-07|2022-01-13|2022-01-10|2021-10-13|2019-09-27|2019-08-23|2019-05-15|2018-08-02|2018-06-29|2018-06-08|2018-06-06|2018-05-09|2018-04-24|2018-02-22|2017-07-11|2017-02-09|2015-12-01|2015-12-01 | (EP3329306)|2021-10-13|||(CN108139502B)|2019-09-27|(ES2903035)|2022-03-30|(PL3329306)|2022-02-07|(DK3329306T)|2022-01-10|(CA2965409)|2018-04-24|(CA2899051)|2017-07-11|||||| | (EP3329306)|2036-07-28|(US20180217119)|2020-07-21|(WO2017/020120)|2019-01-31|(CN108139502)|2036-07-28|(ES2903035)|2036-07-28|(PL3329306)|2036-07-28|(DK3329306)|2036-07-28|(CA2965409)|2035-07-31|(CA2899051)|2035-07-31|(HUE059440)|2036-07-28|(PT3329306)|2036-07-28|(HK1255632)|2024-08-23|(CL2018000139)|2038-01-17|(PE20180806)|2023-05-09|(AU2016303912)|2020-07-30 | (EP3329306)|Method for calculating net carbon capture from ocean iron fertilization | (EP3329306)|Disclosed is an enhancement of a carbon sequestration process and method for calculating the quantity of atmospheric carbon sequestration manifested by enhanced oceanic photosynthetic productivity through the process of Iron fertilization. This method and process comprises (1) defining a project boundary, (2) obtaining certain baseline measurements, metrics and observations within and beyond the project boundary, (3) applying an Iron compound within the project boundary to enhance photosynthesis, (4) obtaining certain measurements, metrics and observations within and adjacent to the project boundary prior to and after the introduction of Iron compound and last, (5) applying a method based on the measurements from steps 2 and 4 to determine the net quantity of atmospheric carbon that is sequestered. | BLUE CARBON SOLUTIONS|LUCENT BIOSCIENCES | (EP3329306)|Lucent Biosciences, Inc. ([CA])|(EP3329306)|Lucent Biosciences, Inc. ([CA])|(EP3329306)|Lucent Biosciences, Inc. ([CA])|(US20180217119)|LUCENT BIOSCIENCES, INC. ([CA])|(WO2017/020120)|BLUE CARBON SOLUTIONS INC ([CA])|(CN108139502)|BLUE CARBON SOLUTIONS INC. ([CA])|(CN108139502)|BLUE CARBON SOLUTIONS INC. ([CA])|(ES2903035)|Lucent Biosciences, Inc.|(PL3329306)|Lucent Biosciences, Inc.|(DK3329306)|Lucent Biosciences, Inc.|(CA2965409)|BLUE CARBON SOLUTIONS INC ([CA])|(CA2965409)|BLUE CARBON SOLUTIONS INC ([CA])|(CA2899051)|BLUE CARBON SOLUTIONS INC ([CA])|(CA2899051)|BLUE CARBON SOLUTIONS INC ([CA])|(HUE059440)|Lucent Biosciences, Inc.|(PT3329306)|LUCENT BIOSCIENCES, INC.|(HK1255632)|LUCENT BIOSCIENCES, INC.|(CL2018000139)|LUCENT BIOSCIENCES, INC.|(PE20180806)|LUCENT BIOSCIENCES, INC.|(AU2016303912)|Lucent Biosciences, Inc. | GROSS PETER | (EP3329306)|GROSS, Peter|(EP3329306)|GROSS, Peter|(EP3329306)|GROSS, Peter | (EP3329306)|Manuel Illescas y Asociados, S.L. ([ES])|Reg. Nb: 101696409|(WO2017/020120)|OSLER, HOSKIN & HARCOURT LLP et al. ([CA])|(CN108139502)|WEI YAN;CHOFN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY|Reg. Nb: 51258|(CA2965409)|OSLER, HOSKIN & HARCOURT LLP ([CA])|(CA2899051)|OSLER, HOSKIN & HARCOURT LLP ([CA])|(AU2016303912)|James & Wells Intellectual Property ([AU]) | (EP3329306)|Although difficult to define with the naked eye, ocean eddies may be defined using Surface Sea Height ( ssh ) data available from public domain sources21.|However, due to the difficulty to obtain certain metrics and measurements from the open ocean, the calculation described in this methodology must adhere to two principles for practical application.|However, the total project carbon sequestration (Cproj) must remove the baseline carbon export that the project area would sequester without the influence of Iron enrichment.| | (EP3329306)|1. A method for determining net quantity of sequestered atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization comprising the steps of: a) defining a project boundary; b) obtaining baseline measurements, metrics and observations within and beyond the project boundary; wherein the baseline measurements, metrics and observations are: - chlorophyll concentration (chl), - photosynthetic active radiation (par), - surface sea temperature (sst), - day length, - particulate Organic Carbon (POC), - dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), - euphotic zone Organic carbon (CorgE), and - Organic carbon close to deep Thermocline (CorgT); c) applying an iron compound within the project boundary to enhance photosynthesis; d) obtaining certain measurements, metrics and observations within and adjacent to the project boundary after the introduction of the iron compound to create a time-series that defines the area of the project boundary on a daily basis from introduction of the iron compound until project conclusion; e) by using the measurements obtained from steps b) and d), determining total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary, Cseq(P), wherein said Cseq(P)= CorgEff (P) ∗ NPP; f) determining a total daily carbon sequestration outside the project boundary, Cseq(B), wherein said Cseq(B)= CorgEff (B) ∗ NPP; g) determining total daily net carbon sequestration, Cseq(NET), wherein said Cseq(NET)= Cseq(P)-Cseq(B); and h) obtaining the total net carbon sequestration of the project boundary (Ctotal) as the sum of the daily Cseq(NET) from the introduction of the iron compound until project conclusion; and wherein, - Corg = POC + DOC; - CorgEff = CorgT/CorgE; and - NPP is the Net Primary Production defined as: NPP = chl ∗ pb _ opt ∗ day length ∗ 0.66125 ∗ par par + 4.1 ∗ z _ eu ; wherein - pb_obt is the photosynthetic activity a function of the sea surface temperature (sst): pb _ opt = 1.54 ∗ 10 0.0275 ∗ sst − 0.07 ; and - z_eu is the euphotic depth at which 1% of the surface/incident light is available, wherein: where z_eu = 200 ∗ (chl_tot)-0.293 if chl < 1 , chl_tot = 38 ∗ chl0.425 if chl >= 1, chl_tot = 40.2 ∗ chl0.507 and if z_eu <= 102, then z_eu = 568.2 ∗ (chl_tot)-0.746.| | (EP3329306)|The present invention provides a method for calculating the quantity of atmospheric carbon sequestration based on the measurements obtained that allows determining the net quantity of atmospheric carbon that is sequestered.|This invention, related to greenhouse gas reduction, carbon offset methodology, carbon sequestration, environmental science and environmental sustainability, is in the field of enhancement of atmospheric carbon sequestration by enhanced photosynthetic productivity through the maximized iron fertilization of oceanic waters.| | (EP3329306)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,10)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,2)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(99,65)|ENHANCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(66,1)|OCEAN EDDY(57,23)|IRON ENRICHMENT INFLUENCE(53,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(53,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT(50,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(48,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION MAXIMIZATION(47,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(46,2)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(42,2)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(42,2)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(40,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(39,33)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(38,3)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(36,9)|BASELINE CARBON(35,1)|METRIC(34,16)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC(34,6)|PAR(32,11)|OCEAN SEA(32,2)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(31,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(31,2)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(30,7)|IRON ENRICHMENT(28,9)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(28,9)|IRON INTRODUCTION(27,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY(27,1)|TOTAL DAILY(25,7)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(24,2)|PB OBT(24,1)|TOTAL PROJECT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(24,1)|EUPHOTIC ZONE ORGANIC CARBON(23,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(22,2)|DATA INTERPOLATION(22,1)|CHL(21,7)|NAKED EYE(21,1)|TOTAL PROJECT(21,1)|IRON COMPOUND(20,19)|TOT(20,6)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(20,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE(20,1)|CHLOROPHYL(19,13)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,5)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(19,1)|PUBLIC DOMAIN SOURCE(18,1)|EUPHOTIC ZONE(17,10)|EUPHOTIC DEPTH(17,3)|OCEAN WATER(17,3)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(17,2)|SST(17,2)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(16,7)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(16,2)|TOTAL NET(15,5)|NISKIN BOTTLE(15,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(15,2)|OCCASIONAL OBSERVATION(14,5)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(14,5)|PROJECT LOCATION(13,5)|IRON FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(13,2)|CARBON OFFSET(13,1)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(12,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(12,3)|PROJECT AREA(11,8)|DATA COLLECTION(11,4)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(11,1)|OPEN OCEAN(11,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(11,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(11,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(10,10)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(10,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(10,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(10,1)|ADJACENT WATER(9,3)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(9,2)|INCIDENT LIGHT(9,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(9,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(9,2)|SEA SURFACE HEIGHT(9,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(9,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION(9,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(9,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(9,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(9,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(9,1)|NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION(8,76)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(8,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(8,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(8,1)|SATELLITE CHLOROPHYL(8,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(8,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(8,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(7,15)|MONITORING FREQUENCY(7,6)|CORGEFF(7,5)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(7,3)|REMINERALIZATION(7,3)|CTD PACKAGE(7,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(7,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(7,2)|BLOOM BIOMASS(7,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(7,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(7,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(7,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(7,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(7,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(7,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(7,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(7,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(7,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|OCEANIC SINK(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(7,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(7,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(7,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(7,1)|SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(7,1)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(6,13)|DAY LENGTH(6,9)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(6,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(6,2)|PROJECT DURATION(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(6,1)|BASELINE METRIC(6,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(6,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(6,1)|DAILY BASELINE(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(6,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(6,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(6,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(6,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(6,1)|OCEAN TRACER(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(6,1)|PROJECT ONSET(6,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(6,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(6,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(5,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(5,3)|QA QC(5,3)|UNFCCC(5,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(5,3)|WATER PARCEL(5,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(5,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(5,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(5,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(5,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(5,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(5,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(5,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(5,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(5,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(5,1)|POC SUM(5,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(5,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(5,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON RELEASE(5,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(5,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(5,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(4,5)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(4,5)|STORM(4,5)|WATER SAMPLE(4,4)|CENTURY(4,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(4,2)|CHRISTIAN(4,2)|GLIDER(4,2)|LIMNOLOGY(4,2)|WORLD OCEAN(4,2)|ADDITIONALITY(4,1)|CARBON ESTIMATE(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(4,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(4,1)|CHL DATA(4,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(4,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(4,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(4,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(4,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(4,1)|MEAN AGE(4,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(4,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(4,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(4,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(4,1)|PB DEPTH(4,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(4,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(4,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(4,1)|SST DATA(4,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(4,1)|REMOTE SENSING(3,4)|SURFACE SEA TEMPERATURE(3,4)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(3,3)|F PAR(3,2)|MOREL(3,2)|AGGREGATION(3,1)|APPROXIMATION(3,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(3,1)|CALCIFICATION(3,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE(3,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(3,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(3,1)||(EP3329306)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,10)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,2)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(99,65)|ENHANCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(66,1)|OCEAN EDDY(57,23)|IRON ENRICHMENT INFLUENCE(53,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(53,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT(50,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(48,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION MAXIMIZATION(47,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(46,2)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(42,2)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(42,2)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(40,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(39,33)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(38,3)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(36,9)|BASELINE CARBON(35,1)|METRIC(34,16)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC(34,6)|PAR(32,11)|OCEAN SEA(32,2)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(31,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(31,2)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(30,7)|IRON ENRICHMENT(28,9)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(28,9)|IRON INTRODUCTION(27,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY(27,1)|TOTAL DAILY(25,7)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(24,2)|PB OBT(24,1)|TOTAL PROJECT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(24,1)|EUPHOTIC ZONE ORGANIC CARBON(23,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(22,2)|DATA INTERPOLATION(22,1)|CHL(21,7)|NAKED EYE(21,1)|TOTAL PROJECT(21,1)|IRON COMPOUND(20,19)|TOT(20,6)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(20,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE(20,1)|CHLOROPHYL(19,13)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,5)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(19,1)|PUBLIC DOMAIN SOURCE(18,1)|EUPHOTIC ZONE(17,10)|EUPHOTIC DEPTH(17,3)|OCEAN WATER(17,3)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(17,2)|SST(17,2)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(16,7)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(16,2)|TOTAL NET(15,5)|NISKIN BOTTLE(15,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(15,2)|OCCASIONAL OBSERVATION(14,5)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(14,5)|PROJECT LOCATION(13,5)|IRON FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(13,2)|CARBON OFFSET(13,1)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(12,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(12,3)|PROJECT AREA(11,8)|DATA COLLECTION(11,4)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(11,1)|OPEN OCEAN(11,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(11,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(11,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(10,10)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(10,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(10,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(10,1)|ADJACENT WATER(9,3)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(9,2)|INCIDENT LIGHT(9,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(9,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(9,2)|SEA SURFACE HEIGHT(9,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(9,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION(9,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(9,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(9,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(9,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(9,1)|NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION(8,76)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(8,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(8,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(8,1)|SATELLITE CHLOROPHYL(8,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(8,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(8,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(7,15)|MONITORING FREQUENCY(7,6)|CORGEFF(7,5)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(7,3)|REMINERALIZATION(7,3)|CTD PACKAGE(7,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(7,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(7,2)|BLOOM BIOMASS(7,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(7,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(7,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(7,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(7,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(7,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(7,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(7,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(7,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(7,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|OCEANIC SINK(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(7,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(7,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(7,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(7,1)|SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(7,1)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(6,13)|DAY LENGTH(6,9)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(6,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(6,2)|PROJECT DURATION(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(6,1)|BASELINE METRIC(6,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(6,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(6,1)|DAILY BASELINE(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(6,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(6,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(6,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(6,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(6,1)|OCEAN TRACER(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(6,1)|PROJECT ONSET(6,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(6,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(6,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(5,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(5,3)|QA QC(5,3)|UNFCCC(5,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(5,3)|WATER PARCEL(5,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(5,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(5,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(5,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(5,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(5,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(5,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(5,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(5,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(5,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(5,1)|POC SUM(5,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(5,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(5,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON RELEASE(5,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(5,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(5,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(4,5)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(4,5)|STORM(4,5)|WATER SAMPLE(4,4)|CENTURY(4,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(4,2)|CHRISTIAN(4,2)|GLIDER(4,2)|LIMNOLOGY(4,2)|WORLD OCEAN(4,2)|ADDITIONALITY(4,1)|CARBON ESTIMATE(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(4,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(4,1)|CHL DATA(4,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(4,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(4,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(4,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(4,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(4,1)|MEAN AGE(4,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(4,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(4,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(4,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(4,1)|PB DEPTH(4,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(4,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(4,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(4,1)|SST DATA(4,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(4,1)|REMOTE SENSING(3,4)|SURFACE SEA TEMPERATURE(3,4)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(3,3)|F PAR(3,2)|MOREL(3,2)|AGGREGATION(3,1)|APPROXIMATION(3,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(3,1)|CALCIFICATION(3,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE(3,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(3,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(3,1)||(EP3329306)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,10)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,2)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(99,65)|ENHANCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(66,1)|OCEAN EDDY(57,23)|IRON ENRICHMENT INFLUENCE(53,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(53,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT(50,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(48,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION MAXIMIZATION(47,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(46,2)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(42,2)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(42,2)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(40,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(39,33)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(38,3)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(36,9)|BASELINE CARBON(35,1)|METRIC(34,16)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC(34,6)|PAR(32,11)|OCEAN SEA(32,2)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(31,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(31,2)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(30,7)|IRON ENRICHMENT(28,9)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(28,9)|IRON INTRODUCTION(27,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY(27,1)|TOTAL DAILY(25,7)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(24,2)|PB OBT(24,1)|TOTAL PROJECT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(24,1)|EUPHOTIC ZONE ORGANIC CARBON(23,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(22,2)|DATA INTERPOLATION(22,1)|CHL(21,7)|NAKED EYE(21,1)|TOTAL PROJECT(21,1)|IRON COMPOUND(20,19)|TOT(20,6)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(20,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE(20,1)|CHLOROPHYL(19,13)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,5)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(19,1)|PUBLIC DOMAIN SOURCE(18,1)|EUPHOTIC ZONE(17,10)|EUPHOTIC DEPTH(17,3)|OCEAN WATER(17,3)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(17,2)|SST(17,2)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(16,7)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(16,2)|TOTAL NET(15,5)|NISKIN BOTTLE(15,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(15,2)|OCCASIONAL OBSERVATION(14,5)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(14,5)|PROJECT LOCATION(13,5)|IRON FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(13,2)|CARBON OFFSET(13,1)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(12,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(12,3)|PROJECT AREA(11,8)|DATA COLLECTION(11,4)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(11,1)|OPEN OCEAN(11,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(11,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(11,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(10,10)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(10,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(10,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(10,1)|ADJACENT WATER(9,3)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(9,2)|INCIDENT LIGHT(9,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(9,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(9,2)|SEA SURFACE HEIGHT(9,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(9,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION(9,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(9,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(9,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(9,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(9,1)|NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION(8,76)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(8,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(8,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(8,1)|SATELLITE CHLOROPHYL(8,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(8,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(8,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(7,15)|MONITORING FREQUENCY(7,6)|CORGEFF(7,5)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(7,3)|REMINERALIZATION(7,3)|CTD PACKAGE(7,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(7,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(7,2)|BLOOM BIOMASS(7,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(7,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(7,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(7,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(7,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(7,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(7,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(7,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(7,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(7,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|OCEANIC SINK(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(7,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(7,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(7,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(7,1)|SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(7,1)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(6,13)|DAY LENGTH(6,9)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(6,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(6,2)|PROJECT DURATION(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(6,1)|BASELINE METRIC(6,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(6,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(6,1)|DAILY BASELINE(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(6,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(6,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(6,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(6,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(6,1)|OCEAN TRACER(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(6,1)|PROJECT ONSET(6,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(6,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(6,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(5,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(5,3)|QA QC(5,3)|UNFCCC(5,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(5,3)|WATER PARCEL(5,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(5,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(5,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(5,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(5,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(5,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(5,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(5,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(5,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(5,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(5,1)|POC SUM(5,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(5,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(5,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON RELEASE(5,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(5,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(5,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(4,5)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(4,5)|STORM(4,5)|WATER SAMPLE(4,4)|CENTURY(4,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(4,2)|CHRISTIAN(4,2)|GLIDER(4,2)|LIMNOLOGY(4,2)|WORLD OCEAN(4,2)|ADDITIONALITY(4,1)|CARBON ESTIMATE(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(4,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(4,1)|CHL DATA(4,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(4,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(4,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(4,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(4,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(4,1)|MEAN AGE(4,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(4,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(4,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(4,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(4,1)|PB DEPTH(4,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(4,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(4,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(4,1)|SST DATA(4,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(4,1)|REMOTE SENSING(3,4)|SURFACE SEA TEMPERATURE(3,4)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(3,3)|F PAR(3,2)|MOREL(3,2)|AGGREGATION(3,1)|APPROXIMATION(3,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(3,1)|CALCIFICATION(3,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE(3,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(3,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(3,1)||(US20180217119)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,9)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,4)|ENHANCED OCEANIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(100,2)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(98,76)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(66,2)|ENHANCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(56,1)|OCEAN EDDY(48,23)|IRON ENRICHMENT INFLUENCE(45,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(45,1)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(43,4)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(42,4)|IRON FERTILIZATION MAXIMIZATION(40,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(39,39)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(39,2)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(36,2)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(34,2)|OCEAN SEA(32,1)|METRIC(31,20)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(31,1)|BASELINE CARBON(30,1)|DATA INTERPOLATION(27,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(27,2)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(25,7)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(24,9)|IRON ENRICHMENT(24,9)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(24,9)|IRON INTRODUCTION(23,3)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(23,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY(23,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(22,3)|RESOURCE SSEDV HTM(22,1)|TOTAL DAILY(21,7)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(21,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION(20,4)|TOTAL PROJECT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,1)|IRON COMPOUND(19,23)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(19,3)|NAKED EYE(18,1)|TOTAL PROJECT(18,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(17,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE(17,1)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,5)|HTTP(15,1)|PUBLIC DOMAIN SOURCE(15,1)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(14,7)|OCEAN WATER(14,4)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(14,2)|TOTAL NET(13,5)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(12,5)|NISKIN BOTTLE(12,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(12,2)|PROJECT LOCATION(11,5)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(11,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(11,3)|IRON FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(11,2)|CARBON OFFSET(11,1)|DATA COLLECTION(10,4)|EUPHOTIC ZONE ORGANIC CARBON(10,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(10,1)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(10,1)|OPEN OCEAN(10,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(10,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(10,1)|PROJECT AREA(9,8)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(9,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(9,1)|PELAGIC OCEAN NAPE REGION(9,1)|ADJACENT WATER(8,3)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(8,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION(8,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(8,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(8,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(8,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(8,1)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(7,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(7,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(7,2)|SEA SURFACE HEIGHT(7,2)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(7,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT(7,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(7,1)|SATELLITE CHLOROPHYL(7,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(7,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(7,1)|CORGEFF(6,5)|DAILY MONITORING(6,3)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(6,3)|REMINERALIZATION(6,3)|CTD PACKAGE(6,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(6,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(6,2)|PROJECT EMISSION(6,2)|BLOOM BIOMASS(6,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(6,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(6,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(6,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(6,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(6,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(6,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(6,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(6,1)|METHANEDIONE UPTAKE(6,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(6,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|OCEANIC SINK(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(6,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(6,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(6,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(6,1)|SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(6,1)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(5,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(5,2)|PROJECT DURATION(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(5,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT OBTAINING(5,1)|BASELINE METRIC(5,1)|BASELINE SCENARIO(5,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(5,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(5,1)|DAILY BASELINE(5,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(5,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZED PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(5,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(5,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(5,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(5,1)|OCEAN TRACER(5,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(5,1)|PROJECT ONSET(5,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(5,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(5,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(5,1)|NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION(4,73)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(4,5)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(4,5)|STORM(4,5)|OCEANOGRAPHY(4,3)|PERMANENCE(4,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(4,3)|UNFCCC(4,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(4,3)|ADDITIONALITY(4,2)|WATER PARCEL(4,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(4,1)|CALCULATION EXPLANATION(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(4,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(4,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(4,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(4,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(4,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(4,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(4,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(4,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(4,1)|POC SUM(4,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(4,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON RELEASE(4,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(4,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(4,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(4,1)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(3,12)|WATER SAMPLE(3,4)|QA QC(3,3)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(3,3)|CENTURY(3,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(3,2)|GLIDER(3,2)|LIMNOLOGY(3,2)|MOREL(3,2)|WORLD OCEAN(3,2)|CARBON ESTIMATE(3,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(3,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(3,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(3,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(3,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|DAILY FREQUENCY(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(3,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(3,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(3,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(3,1)|MEAN AGE(3,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(3,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(3,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(3,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(3,1)|PB DEPTH(3,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(3,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(3,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(3,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(3,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(3,1)|REMOTE SENSING(2,4)|AGGREGATION(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(2,1)|CALCIFICATION(2,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(2,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(2,1)|CHL DATA(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION SOURCE(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(2,1)||(WO2017/020120)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,40)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,10)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,6)|OCEAN WATER(100,5)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,2)|ENHANCED OCEANIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(100,2)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,2)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(85,71)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(66,2)|ENHANCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(56,1)|OCEAN EDDY(49,23)|IRON ENRICHMENT INFLUENCE(45,1)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(43,4)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(42,4)|IRON FERTILIZATION MAXIMIZATION(40,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(39,2)|IRON ENRICHMENT(37,11)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(36,2)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(34,2)|METRIC(31,20)|BASELINE CARBON(30,1)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(30,1)|OCEAN SEA(29,2)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(27,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(27,2)|PROJECT LOCATION OCEAN EDDY(27,1)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(24,9)|ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY(23,1)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(22,6)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(22,3)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(21,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION(20,4)|TOTAL PROJECT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,1)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(19,3)|DATA INTERPOLATION(19,1)|IRON COMPOUND(18,23)|NAKED EYE(18,1)|TOTAL PROJECT(18,1)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(17,6)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(17,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE(17,1)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,7)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(16,1)|PUBLIC DOMAIN SOURCE(15,1)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(14,2)|EUPHOTIC ZONE(12,10)|NISKIN BOTTLE(12,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(12,2)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(11,3)|AUV DATA COLLECTION(11,2)|IRON FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(11,2)|CARBON OFFSET(11,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(10,1)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(10,1)|OPEN OCEAN(10,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(10,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(10,1)|PROJECT AREA(9,8)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(9,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(9,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(9,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(9,1)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(8,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION(8,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(8,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(8,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(8,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(8,1)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(7,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(7,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(7,2)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(7,2)|SEA SURFACE HEIGHT(7,2)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(7,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT(7,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(7,1)|SATELLITE CHLOROPHYL(7,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(7,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(7,1)|REMINERALIZATION(6,3)|CTD PACKAGE(6,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(6,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(6,2)|BLOOM BIOMASS(6,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(6,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(6,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(6,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(6,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(6,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(6,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(6,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(6,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|OCEANIC SINK(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(6,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(6,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(6,1)|RESOURCE SSEDV HTM PROJECT BOUNDARY(6,1)|CORGEFF(5,4)|ADJACENT WATER(5,2)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(5,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(5,2)|PROJECT DURATION(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(5,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT OBTAINING(5,1)|BASELINE METRIC(5,1)|BASELINE SCENARIO(5,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(5,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(5,1)|DAILY BASELINE(5,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(5,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(5,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZED PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(5,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(5,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(5,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(5,1)|OCEAN TRACER(5,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(5,1)|PROJECT ONSET(5,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(5,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(5,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(4,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(4,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(4,3)|WATER PARCEL(4,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(4,1)|CALCULATION EXPLANATION(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(4,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(4,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(4,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(4,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(4,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(4,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(4,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(4,1)|POC SUM(4,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(4,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(4,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON RELEASE(4,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(4,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(4,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(4,1)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(3,12)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(3,4)|WATER SAMPLE(3,4)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(3,3)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(3,3)|CENTURY(3,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(3,2)|CHRISTIAN(3,2)|GLIDER(3,2)|LIMNOLOGY(3,2)|MOREL(3,2)|WORLD OCEAN(3,2)|ADDITIONALITY(3,1)|CARBON ESTIMATE(3,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(3,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(3,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(3,1)|ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(3,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(3,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(3,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(3,1)|MEAN AGE(3,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(3,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(3,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(3,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(3,1)|PB DEPTH(3,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(3,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(3,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(3,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(3,1)|SURFACE OCEAN REALISTIC PREDICTION(3,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(3,1)|AGGREGATION(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|CALCIFICATION(2,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(2,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE(2,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(2,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(2,1)|CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURE DRAWDOWN(2,1)||(CN108139502)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,5)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(91,56)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(46,1)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(43,4)|ITEM BOUNDARY(40,8)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION(38,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY REGION(36,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN VORTEX(35,1)|RESOLUTION OCEANOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT(33,1)|MEASURING CSEQ(32,2)|METRIC(28,16)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(27,36)|SATELLITE INSTRUMENT(27,1)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(26,6)|NICE GOLD(25,1)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(23,8)|TOTAL DAILY(23,6)|IRON COMPOUND(22,24)|INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION(22,3)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHIC RESOLUTION(20,2)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,2)|INSTRUMENTATION(19,4)|DATA INTERPOLATION(19,1)|IRON COMPOUND INTRODUCTION(17,9)|NET TOTAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(17,4)|TOTAL NET(17,2)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(16,1)|NET TOTAL(14,4)|TRANSMISSIVE ORGANIC CARBON(14,1)|OCEAN EDDY CURRENT(12,7)|AUTOMATED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(11,4)|SEDIMENT TRAP(11,4)|GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2HORIZONTAL MITIGATION(11,1)|WAITING(11,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(10,1)|PROJECT END(9,9)|BOTTLE(9,2)|CSEQ DAILY SUM(9,2)|OCEAN VORTEX BOUNDARY(9,1)|MARINE IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(8,1)|MARINE METROLOGY RESOLUTION(8,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT(8,1)|POSSIBLE2REDUCED PREDICTION(8,1)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION FINE GRANULARITY(8,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(7,7)|DATA COLLECTION(7,3)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(7,2)|REAL ITEM BOUNDARY(7,2)|CHLOROPHYL MILLIGRAM(7,1)|CLIMATE ABATEMENT MEASURE(7,1)|EPPLEY VGPM MODEL(7,1)|KERGREN PLATEAU(7,1)|OCEAN EUTROPHICATION(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(7,1)|REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT(7,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(7,1)|SUNLIGHT(6,5)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(6,2)|CHL PB(6,2)|ATMOSPHERE2NET FLUX(6,1)|CHLOROPHYL OBSERVATION(6,1)|EPPLEY VGPM RELATIONSHIP(6,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(6,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(6,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(6,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|OCEAN VOYAGE(6,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON ESTIMATE(6,1)|TIME SERIES(5,4)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(5,2)|MOVING TOOL(5,2)|PROJECT SITE(5,2)|UNDERWATER VEHICLE AUTOMATION(5,2)|ARTIFICIAL EMISSION(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(5,1)|BASELINE METRIC(5,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(5,1)|CARBON REMINERALIZATION(5,1)|DAILY BASELINE(5,1)|MASS REPRODUCTION OBSERVATION(5,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(5,1)|OCEAN EDDY LIMIT(5,1)|OCEAN VORTEX LOCATION(5,1)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(5,1)|PERMEABILITY WIND(5,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCTION TRUE ESTIMATE(5,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS ZONE(5,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON FEEDING(5,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY MINUS(5,1)|PROJECT CONTAINMENT(5,1)|SEA CHLOROPHYL(5,1)|SENSED OBSERVATION(5,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(5,1)|CONTOUR(4,3)|GLOBAL OCEAN(4,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(4,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(4,3)|CO2BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,1)|CONTINUED FERTILIZATION(4,1)|EMANATION ESTIMATION(4,1)|IOF SINK(4,1)|KYOTO PROTOCOL DECISION MAKER(4,1)|NATURAL TRACER(4,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|POC SUM(4,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(4,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(4,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(4,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(4,1)|WAYSTHE(4,1)|ORGANIC CARBON GRANULE(3,3)|CENTURY(3,2)|CORGEFF(3,2)|CORGOFF(3,2)|GLIDER(3,2)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(3,2)|PROJECT START(3,2)|SIMULATION(3,2)|ATMOSPHEREO2ABOUT(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(3,1)|CARBON INVENTORY(3,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(3,1)|CO2 ABSORPTION(3,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|DATE3EXPERIMENTS(3,1)|DISTINGUISHE(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(3,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(3,1)|ESTIMATION MODEL(3,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(3,1)|INDUSTRY23EPPLEY(3,1)|LARGE SCALE REPRODUCTION(3,1)|MASS PROPAGATED BIOMASS(3,1)|MAXIMUM VALUE(3,1)|MEASURING PARAMETER(3,1)|NATURAL MASS REPRODUCTION(3,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(3,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(3,1)|OCEAN SEA LEVEL ANOMALY(3,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON TEMPERATURE CURVE(3,1)|REGION OF2IS(3,1)|SUBSEA GRANULAR ORGANIC CARBON(3,1)|ADDITIVITY(2,1)|AGGREGATION(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|AUMONT(2,1)|BALLASTING(2,1)|BIOPUMP(2,1)|BUOYANCY(2,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(2,1)|CHRISTIAN(2,1)|CLASSIFICATION(2,1)|CLEAR BAND(2,1)|COGT COGE(2,1)|CONVERSION RATIO(2,1)|CTD COMPONENT(2,1)|DAILY TOTAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|DEEP SEA MIXING(2,1)||(CN108139502)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,9)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,7)|ENHANCED SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|GASEOUS CARBON(100,1)|GASEOUS CARBON ENHANCED SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|NETT CARBON CAPTURE CALCULATION(100,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(87,66)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION(68,2)|OCEAN VORTEX(57,20)|ENHANCING CARBON SEQUESTRATION(52,4)|BASELINE CARBON EXPORT(52,1)|ENHANCED MARINE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION(50,1)|CALCULATING SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(46,1)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(45,5)|ITEM BOUNDARY(43,10)|IRON ENRICHMENT(43,9)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(40,2)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCTION(39,1)|RESOLUTION OCEANOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT(38,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN VORTEX(33,2)|METRIC(30,19)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(28,39)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(26,8)|IRON FERTILIZATION(26,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY(26,1)|INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION(24,4)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHIC RESOLUTION(22,3)|SEQUESTRATION(21,2)|ENHANCED GASEOUS CARBON(20,1)|NAKED EYE(20,1)|IRON COMPOUND(19,27)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,8)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(19,4)|IRON FERTILIZATION(19,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE(19,1)|UNDERWATER VEHICLE AUTOMATION(18,4)|MEASURING PARAMETER(17,2)|PUBLIC DOMAIN SOURCE(17,1)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(15,2)|DATA INTERPOLATION(15,2)|OCEAN EDDY CURRENT(13,8)|NET TOTAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(13,4)|CARBON OFFSET(13,1)|OCEAN WATER(12,6)|NISKIN(12,3)|NUTRIENT OCEAN VORTEX(11,1)|PROJECT AREA(10,8)|BOTTLE(10,3)|OPEN OCEAN(10,1)|DATA COLLECTION(9,7)|REAL DATA(9,2)|EXPERIMENT NAMED VERTIGO(9,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION(9,1)|MARINE IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(9,1)|MARINE METROLOGY RESOLUTION(9,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT(9,1)|OCEAN VORTEX BOUNDARY(9,1)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION FINE GRANULARITY(9,1)|PROJECT END(8,11)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(8,8)|LIGHT TRANSMITTING TAPE(8,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(8,2)|REAL ITEM BOUNDARY(8,2)|CHLOROPHYL MILLIGRAM(8,1)|CLIMATE ABATEMENT MEASURE(8,1)|EPPLEY VGPM MODEL(8,1)|KERGREN PLATEAU(8,1)|OCEAN EUTROPHICATION(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(8,1)|REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT(8,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(8,1)|AUTOMATED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(7,6)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(7,2)|CHL PB(7,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION CALCULATION(7,1)|CHLOROPHYL OBSERVATION(7,1)|EPPLEY VGPM RELATIONSHIP(7,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(7,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(7,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(7,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|OCEAN VOYAGE(7,1)|RESOLUTION OCEANOMETRY(7,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON ESTIMATE(7,1)|SUNLIGHT(6,5)|ARTIFICIAL EMISSION(6,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(6,1)|CARBON REMINERALIZATION(6,1)|DAILY BASELINE(6,1)|MASS REPRODUCTION OBSERVATION(6,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(6,1)|OCEAN EDDY LIMIT(6,1)|OCEAN VORTEX LOCATION(6,1)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(6,1)|PERMEABILITY WIND(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCTION TRUE ESTIMATE(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS ZONE(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON FEEDING(6,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY MINUS(6,1)|PROJECT CONTAINMENT(6,1)|SEA CHLOROPHYL(6,1)|SENSED OBSERVATION(6,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(6,1)|TREATY CLAUSE(6,1)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(5,4)|VESSEL SURFACE(5,4)|CONTOUR(5,3)|INSTRUMENTATION(5,3)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(5,2)|DAILY SUM(5,2)|MOVING TOOL(5,2)|PROJECT SITE(5,2)|BUOYANCY BALANCED SEDIMENT TRAP(5,1)|CONTINUED FERTILIZATION(5,1)|DEEP THERMOCLINE LAYER(5,1)|EMANATION ESTIMATION(5,1)|IOF SINK(5,1)|KYOTO PROTOCOL DECISION MAKER(5,1)|NATURAL TRACER(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|POC SUM(5,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(5,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(5,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(5,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(5,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN(4,3)|IRON INTRODUCTION(4,3)|CENTURY(4,2)|CORGEFF(4,2)|CORGOFF(4,2)|GLIDER(4,2)|PROJECT START(4,2)|SIMULATION(4,2)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,2)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(4,1)|CARBON INVENTORY(4,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(4,1)|CO2 ABSORPTION(4,1)|DATE3EXPERIMENTS(4,1)|DISTINGUISHE(4,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(4,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(4,1)|ESTIMATION MODEL(4,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(4,1)|INDUSTRY23EPPLEY(4,1)|LARGE SCALE REPRODUCTION(4,1)|MASS PROPAGATED BIOMASS(4,1)|MITIGATION(4,1)|NATURAL MASS REPRODUCTION(4,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(4,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(4,1)|OCEAN SEA LEVEL ANOMALY(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS RATE(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON TEMPERATURE CURVE(4,1)|PROJECT DURATION(4,1)|SUBSEA GRANULAR ORGANIC CARBON(4,1)|TIME SERIES(3,4)|ORGANIC CARBON GRANULE(3,3)|ADDITIVITY(3,1)|AGGREGATION(3,1)|APPROXIMATION(3,1)|ASSHOWN(3,1)|AUMONT(3,1)|BALLASTING(3,1)|BIOPUMP(3,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(3,1)|CHRISTIAN(3,1)|CLASSIFICATION(3,1)||(CA2965409)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(100,79)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,39)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,5)|OCEAN WATER(100,5)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,2)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|ENHANCED OCEANIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(58,1)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(51,5)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(48,1)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(47,3)|OCEAN EDDY(45,22)|IRON ENRICHMENT INFLUENCE(42,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(39,4)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(39,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(36,2)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(36,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER(35,2)|METRIC(34,22)|IRON ENRICHMENT(34,11)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(34,1)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(32,2)|OCEAN SEA(27,2)|BASELINE CARBON(27,1)|CARBON ESTIMATE(27,1)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(25,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(24,2)|IRON COMPOUND(23,27)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(23,4)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(23,4)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(22,9)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(22,9)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,7)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(20,3)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(19,2)|TOTAL PROJECT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,1)|TOTAL DAILY(17,7)|DATA INTERPOLATION(17,1)|NAKED EYE(16,1)|TOTAL PROJECT(16,1)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(15,1)|PUBLIC DOMAIN SOURCE(14,1)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(13,5)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(13,2)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(12,6)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(11,5)|NISKIN BOTTLE(11,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(11,2)|EUPHOTIC ZONE(10,10)|PROJECT LOCATION(10,5)|TOTAL NET(10,5)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(10,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(10,3)|IRON FERTILIZATION(10,1)|IRON0FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(10,1)|DATA COLLECTION(9,4)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(9,1)|OPEN OCEAN(9,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(9,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(9,1)|PROJECT AREA(8,8)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(8,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(8,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(8,1)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(7,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(7,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(7,2)|SEA SURFACE HEIGHT(7,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(7,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|EXPERIMENT NAMED VERTIGO(7,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(7,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(7,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(7,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(7,1)|ENHANCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(6,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT(6,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(6,1)|SATELLITE CHLOROPHYL(6,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(6,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(6,1)|CORGEFF(5,5)|DAILY MONITORING(5,3)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(5,3)|REMINERALIZATION(5,3)|CTD PACKAGE(5,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(5,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(5,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT OBTAINING(5,1)|BASELINE METRIC(5,1)|BASELINE SCENARIO(5,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(5,1)|BLOOM BIOMASS(5,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(5,1)|CLASSIC OIF(5,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(5,1)|DAILY BASELINE(5,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(5,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(5,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(5,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(5,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(5,1)|FULL OCEAN OIF(5,1)|GLOBAL OIF(5,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(5,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION MAXIMIZATION(5,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(5,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(5,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(5,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(5,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|OCEAN TRACER(5,1)|OCEANIC SINK(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(5,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(5,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(5,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(5,1)|PROJECT ONSET(5,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(5,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(5,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(5,1)|SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(5,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(4,3)|PERMANENCE(4,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(4,3)|UNFCCC(4,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(4,3)|ADJACENT WATER(4,2)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(4,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(4,2)|PROJECT DURATION(4,2)|WATER PARCEL(4,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(4,1)|CALCULATION EXPLANATION(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(4,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(4,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(4,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(4,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(4,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(4,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(4,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(4,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(4,1)|POC SUM(4,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(4,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(4,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON(4,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(4,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(4,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(4,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(3,5)|STORM(3,5)|WATER SAMPLE(3,4)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(3,2)|GLIDER(3,2)|LIMNOLOGY(3,2)|WORLD OCEAN(3,2)|ADDITIONALITY(3,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(3,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(3,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(3,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(3,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(3,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(3,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(3,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(3,1)|MEAN AGE(3,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(3,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(3,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(3,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(3,1)|PHOTOPERIOD DATA(3,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(3,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(3,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(3,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(3,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(3,1)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(2,12)|REMOTE SENSING(2,4)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(2,3)|MOREL(2,2)|AGGREGATION(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(2,1)|CALCIFICATION(2,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(2,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE(2,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(2,1)|CENTURY(2,1)|CHL DATA(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(2,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(2,1)|CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURE DRAWDOWN(2,1)|CORGT CORGE(2,1)||(CA2965409)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(100,79)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,39)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,5)|OCEAN WATER(100,5)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,2)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|ENHANCED OCEANIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(58,1)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(51,5)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(48,1)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(47,3)|OCEAN EDDY(45,22)|IRON ENRICHMENT INFLUENCE(42,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(39,4)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(39,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(36,2)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(36,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER(35,2)|METRIC(34,22)|IRON ENRICHMENT(34,11)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(34,1)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(32,2)|OCEAN SEA(27,2)|BASELINE CARBON(27,1)|CARBON ESTIMATE(27,1)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(25,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(24,2)|IRON COMPOUND(23,27)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(23,4)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(23,4)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(22,9)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(22,9)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,7)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(20,3)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(19,2)|TOTAL PROJECT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,1)|TOTAL DAILY(17,7)|DATA INTERPOLATION(17,1)|NAKED EYE(16,1)|TOTAL PROJECT(16,1)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(15,1)|PUBLIC DOMAIN SOURCE(14,1)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(13,5)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(13,2)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(12,6)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(11,5)|NISKIN BOTTLE(11,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(11,2)|EUPHOTIC ZONE(10,10)|PROJECT LOCATION(10,5)|TOTAL NET(10,5)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(10,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(10,3)|IRON FERTILIZATION(10,1)|IRON0FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(10,1)|DATA COLLECTION(9,4)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(9,1)|OPEN OCEAN(9,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(9,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(9,1)|PROJECT AREA(8,8)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(8,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(8,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(8,1)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(7,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(7,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(7,2)|SEA SURFACE HEIGHT(7,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(7,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|EXPERIMENT NAMED VERTIGO(7,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(7,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(7,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(7,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(7,1)|ENHANCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(6,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT(6,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(6,1)|SATELLITE CHLOROPHYL(6,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(6,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(6,1)|CORGEFF(5,5)|DAILY MONITORING(5,3)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(5,3)|REMINERALIZATION(5,3)|CTD PACKAGE(5,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(5,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(5,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT OBTAINING(5,1)|BASELINE METRIC(5,1)|BASELINE SCENARIO(5,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(5,1)|BLOOM BIOMASS(5,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(5,1)|CLASSIC OIF(5,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(5,1)|DAILY BASELINE(5,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(5,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(5,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(5,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(5,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(5,1)|FULL OCEAN OIF(5,1)|GLOBAL OIF(5,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(5,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION MAXIMIZATION(5,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(5,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(5,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(5,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(5,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|OCEAN TRACER(5,1)|OCEANIC SINK(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(5,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(5,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(5,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(5,1)|PROJECT ONSET(5,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(5,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(5,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(5,1)|SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(5,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(4,3)|PERMANENCE(4,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(4,3)|UNFCCC(4,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(4,3)|ADJACENT WATER(4,2)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(4,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(4,2)|PROJECT DURATION(4,2)|WATER PARCEL(4,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(4,1)|CALCULATION EXPLANATION(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(4,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(4,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(4,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(4,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(4,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(4,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(4,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(4,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(4,1)|POC SUM(4,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(4,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(4,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON(4,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(4,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(4,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(4,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(3,5)|STORM(3,5)|WATER SAMPLE(3,4)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(3,2)|GLIDER(3,2)|LIMNOLOGY(3,2)|WORLD OCEAN(3,2)|ADDITIONALITY(3,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(3,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(3,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(3,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(3,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(3,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(3,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(3,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(3,1)|MEAN AGE(3,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(3,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(3,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(3,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(3,1)|PHOTOPERIOD DATA(3,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(3,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(3,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(3,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(3,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(3,1)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(2,12)|REMOTE SENSING(2,4)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(2,3)|MOREL(2,2)|AGGREGATION(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(2,1)|CALCIFICATION(2,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(2,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE(2,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(2,1)|CENTURY(2,1)|CHL DATA(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(2,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(2,1)|CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURE DRAWDOWN(2,1)|CORGT CORGE(2,1)||(CA2899051)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(100,73)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,9)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,3)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,1)|ENHANCED OCEANIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(69,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(50,1)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(47,4)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(43,2)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(39,2)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(38,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(30,34)|OCEAN SEA(30,2)|METRIC(29,19)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(29,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(29,2)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(28,7)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(26,9)|IRON INTRODUCTION(26,3)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(25,8)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(24,3)|TOTAL DAILY(23,7)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(23,2)|IRON COMPOUND(21,23)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(21,3)|DATA INTERPOLATION(21,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,2)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(19,3)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(18,5)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(18,1)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(15,7)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(15,2)|ADJACENT VOTER(15,1)|TOTAL NET(14,5)|NISKIN BOTTLE(14,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(14,2)|FEAST(14,1)|OCCASIONAL OBSERVATION(13,5)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(13,5)|PROJECT LOCATION(12,5)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(12,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(12,3)|EUPHOTIC ZONE ORGANIC CARBON(12,1)|FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(12,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(12,1)|DATA COLLECTION(11,4)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(11,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(11,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(11,1)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(10,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(9,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(9,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(9,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(9,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(9,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(9,1)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(8,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(8,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(8,2)|CHL PAR SST DATA(8,1)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(8,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(8,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT(8,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(8,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(8,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(8,1)|MONITORING FREQUENCY(7,6)|CTD PACKAGE(7,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(7,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(7,2)|BLOOM BIOMASS(7,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(7,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(7,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(7,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(7,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(7,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(7,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(7,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(7,1)|METHANEDIONE UPTAKE(7,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(7,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|OCEANIC SINK(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(7,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(7,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(7,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(7,1)|CORGEFF(6,5)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(6,3)|REMINERALIZATION(6,3)|ADJACENT WATER(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(6,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT OBTAINING(6,1)|BASELINE METRIC(6,1)|BASELINE SCENARIO(6,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(6,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(6,1)|DAILY BASELINE(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(6,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(6,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(6,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(6,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(6,1)|OCEAN TRACER(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(6,1)|PROJECT ONSET(6,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(6,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(6,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(5,3)|PERMANENCE(5,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(5,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(5,3)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(5,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(5,2)|PROJECT DURATION(5,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(5,1)|CALCULATION EXPLANATION(5,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(5,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(5,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(5,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(5,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(5,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(5,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(5,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(5,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(5,1)|POC SUM(5,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(5,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(5,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON RELEASE(5,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(5,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(5,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(4,5)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(4,5)|STORM(4,5)|WATER SAMPLE(4,4)|ADDITIONALITY(4,2)|CENTURY(4,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(4,2)|GLIDER(4,2)|LIMNOLOGY(4,2)|UNFCCC(4,2)|WATER PARCEL(4,2)|WORLD OCEAN(4,2)|CARBON ESTIMATE(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(4,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(4,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(4,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(4,1)|ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(4,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(4,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(4,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(4,1)|MEAN AGE(4,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(4,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(4,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(4,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(4,1)|PB DEPTH(4,1)|PHOTOPERIOD DATA(4,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(4,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(4,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(4,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(4,1)|CHI(3,3)|QA QC(3,3)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(3,3)|MOREL(3,2)|AGGREGATION(3,1)|APPROXIMATION(3,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(3,1)|CALCIFICATION(3,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(3,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(3,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(3,1)|CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURE DRAWDOWN(3,1)|CORGT CORGE(3,1)|DECLINE(3,1)|DEEP OCEAN MIXING(3,1)|DEPTH PROFILE(3,1)||(CA2899051)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(100,73)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,9)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,3)|CALCULATING NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,1)|ENHANCED OCEANIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(69,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(50,1)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(47,4)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(43,2)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(39,2)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(38,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(30,34)|OCEAN SEA(30,2)|METRIC(29,19)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(29,2)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(29,2)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(28,7)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(26,9)|IRON INTRODUCTION(26,3)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(25,8)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(24,3)|TOTAL DAILY(23,7)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(23,2)|IRON COMPOUND(21,23)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(21,3)|DATA INTERPOLATION(21,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,2)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(19,3)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(18,5)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(18,1)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(15,7)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(15,2)|ADJACENT VOTER(15,1)|TOTAL NET(14,5)|NISKIN BOTTLE(14,2)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(14,2)|FEAST(14,1)|OCCASIONAL OBSERVATION(13,5)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(13,5)|PROJECT LOCATION(12,5)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(12,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(12,3)|EUPHOTIC ZONE ORGANIC CARBON(12,1)|FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(12,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(12,1)|DATA COLLECTION(11,4)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(11,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(11,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(11,1)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(10,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(9,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(9,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(9,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(9,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(9,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(9,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(9,1)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(8,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(8,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(8,2)|CHL PAR SST DATA(8,1)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(8,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(8,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(8,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT(8,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(8,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(8,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(8,1)|MONITORING FREQUENCY(7,6)|CTD PACKAGE(7,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(7,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(7,2)|BLOOM BIOMASS(7,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(7,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(7,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(7,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(7,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(7,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(7,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(7,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(7,1)|METHANEDIONE UPTAKE(7,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(7,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|OCEANIC SINK(7,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(7,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(7,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(7,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(7,1)|CORGEFF(6,5)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(6,3)|REMINERALIZATION(6,3)|ADJACENT WATER(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(6,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT OBTAINING(6,1)|BASELINE METRIC(6,1)|BASELINE SCENARIO(6,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(6,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(6,1)|DAILY BASELINE(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(6,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(6,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(6,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(6,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(6,1)|OCEAN TRACER(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(6,1)|PROJECT ONSET(6,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(6,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(6,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(5,3)|PERMANENCE(5,3)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(5,3)|VESSEL SURFACE(5,3)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(5,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(5,2)|PROJECT DURATION(5,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(5,1)|CALCULATION EXPLANATION(5,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(5,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(5,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(5,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(5,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(5,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(5,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(5,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(5,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(5,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(5,1)|POC SUM(5,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(5,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(5,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON RELEASE(5,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(5,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(5,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(4,5)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(4,5)|STORM(4,5)|WATER SAMPLE(4,4)|ADDITIONALITY(4,2)|CENTURY(4,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(4,2)|GLIDER(4,2)|LIMNOLOGY(4,2)|UNFCCC(4,2)|WATER PARCEL(4,2)|WORLD OCEAN(4,2)|CARBON ESTIMATE(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(4,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(4,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(4,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(4,1)|ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(4,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(4,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(4,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(4,1)|MEAN AGE(4,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(4,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(4,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(4,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(4,1)|PB DEPTH(4,1)|PHOTOPERIOD DATA(4,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(4,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(4,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(4,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(4,1)|CHI(3,3)|QA QC(3,3)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(3,3)|MOREL(3,2)|AGGREGATION(3,1)|APPROXIMATION(3,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(3,1)|CALCIFICATION(3,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(3,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(3,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(3,1)|CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURE DRAWDOWN(3,1)|CORGT CORGE(3,1)|DECLINE(3,1)|DEEP OCEAN MIXING(3,1)|DEPTH PROFILE(3,1)||(AU2016303912)|PROJECT BOUNDARY(100,85)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,39)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(100,9)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(100,4)|OCEAN WATER(100,4)|NET CARBON CAPTURE(100,1)|ENHANCED OCEANIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY(55,1)|IRON ENRICHED OCEAN EDDY(52,3)|SEA METRIC RESOLUTION(46,3)|ENHANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(44,5)|OBTAINING BASELINE MEASUREMENT(39,3)|OCEAN SEA(38,3)|SEQUESTERED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(37,2)|PELAGIC OCEAN REGION(36,3)|SHIPBOARD INSTRUMENT(35,3)|METRIC(29,22)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION(29,4)|DEEP THERMOCLINE(28,10)|SATELLITE OBSERVATION(28,10)|MINIMUM GEOGRAPHICAL RESOLUTION(28,3)|PROJECT LOCATION OCEAN EDDY(24,1)|DATA INTERPOLATION(23,2)|TOTAL DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(22,9)|IRON COMPOUND(20,28)|IRON INTRODUCTION(20,3)|DATA EXTRAPOLATION(20,2)|TOTAL NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,7)|OBTAINING CERTAIN MEASUREMENT(19,4)|PROJECT BOUNDARY AREA(19,4)|NUTRIENT LOW CHLOROPHYL(19,3)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE(17,10)|NISKIN BOTTLE(17,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,2)|DATA COLLECTION(13,7)|PRIVILEGE(12,1)|OCEAN EDDY BORDER(11,2)|OCCASIONAL OBSERVATION(10,5)|PROJECT PARTICIPANT(10,5)|IRON FERTILIZED DIATOM BLOOM(10,2)|ADJACENT WATER(9,4)|AERIAL INSTRUMENTATION(9,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC CO2(9,3)|EUPHOTIC ZONE ORGANIC CARBON(9,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(9,1)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(8,1)|NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SEDIMENT TRAP(8,1)|OCEAN SHALL IRON ENRICHMENT(8,1)|SEAGOING VOYAGE DURATION(8,1)|SUBARCTIC PACIFIC IRON EXPERIMENT(8,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(7,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS PROFILE(7,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT PROJECT(7,1)|OCEAN TWILIGHT ZONE(7,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION REALISTIC ESTIMATE(7,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY DELINEATION(7,1)|PRIVATE DATA SOURCE(6,4)|VESSEL SURFACE(6,4)|DAILY INTERPOLATION(6,2)|OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERN(6,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(6,2)|CHL PAR SST DATA(6,1)|KERGUELEN PLATEAU(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY(6,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT(6,1)|PREEXISTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|PROJECT BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT(6,1)|PROJECT SEQUESTRATION FRACTION(6,1)|SATELLITE CHLOROPHYL(6,1)|SEASONAL PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(6,1)|VENTILATION TIMESCALE(6,1)|NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION(5,77)|MONITORING FREQUENCY(5,6)|CORGEFF(5,5)|MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT POST CALIBRATION(5,3)|REMINERALIZATION(5,3)|CTD PACKAGE(5,2)|DAILY SUMMATION(5,2)|DEEP CARBON EXPORT(5,2)|BLOOM BIOMASS(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(5,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION OPTION(5,1)|EXPRESS PHOTOSYNTHETIC(5,1)|FERTILIZATION SIMULATION(5,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(5,1)|GRANULAR SATELLITE(5,1)|IPCC EVALUATION(5,1)|IRON LIMITATION PARAMETERIZATION(5,1)|METHANEDIONE UPTAKE(5,1)|MICROBIAL RESPIRATION(5,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|OCEANIC SINK(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT(5,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(5,1)|PROJECT CONCLUSION DATE(5,1)|REALISTIC PREDICTION(5,1)|RESOURCE SSEDV HTM PROJECT BOUNDARY(5,1)|SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE(5,1)|OCEANOGRAPHY(4,3)|PERMANENCE(4,3)|UNFCCC(4,3)|NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION(4,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(4,2)|PROJECT DURATION(4,2)|ANNUAL REVIEW(4,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DRAWDOWN(4,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(4,1)|BASELINE MEASUREMENT OBTAINING(4,1)|BASELINE METRIC(4,1)|BASELINE SCENARIO(4,1)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(4,1)|BLOOM OBSERVATION(4,1)|CALCULATION EXPLANATION(4,1)|CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENT(4,1)|CARBON MILLIGRAM(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL MG(4,1)|CO2 UPTAKE(4,1)|DAILY BASELINE(4,1)|DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION(4,1)|EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW(4,1)|EMISSION SCENARIO(4,1)|ENHANCED CARBON BIOMASS(4,1)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION STUDY(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZED PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(4,1)|MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION(4,1)|MODEL ASSUMPTION(4,1)|NET DAILY PROJECT(4,1)|OBTAINING SATELLITE(4,1)|OCEAN EDDY LOCATION(4,1)|OCEAN TRACER(4,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(4,1)|PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTER(4,1)|POC SUM(4,1)|PROJECT CARBON CALCULATION(4,1)|PROJECT EMISSION(4,1)|PROJECT ONSET(4,1)|ROBOTIC OBSERVATION(4,1)|SEAGOING VESSEL(4,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON RELEASE(4,1)|SUNLIGHT INTENSITY(4,1)|TRACER OBSERVATION(4,1)|UPWELLING NUTRIENT SOURCE(4,1)|VIABLE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|WATER FUTURE TRAJECTORY(4,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(3,5)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION(3,5)|STORM(3,5)|WATER SAMPLE(3,4)|MAXIMUM VALUE(3,3)|ADDITIONALITY(3,2)|CENTURY(3,2)|CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(3,2)|GLIDER(3,2)|LIMNOLOGY(3,2)|WATER PARCEL(3,2)|WORLD OCEAN(3,2)|CARBON ESTIMATE(3,1)|CARBON EXPORT RATE(3,1)|CARBON FIXATION ESTIMATE(3,1)|CIRCULATION MODEL(3,1)|CO2 BIOLOGICAL PUMP(3,1)|DAILY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESPONSE(3,1)|EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY(3,1)|EUPHOTIC LAYER PRODUCTION(3,1)|GLOBAL CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON(3,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL(3,1)|MEAN AGE(3,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(3,1)|NEGATIVE GRADIENT(3,1)|OCEAN BLUE CARBON PROJECT(3,1)|OCEAN EDDY AREA(3,1)|PRODUCTIVITY INTEGRATION(3,1)|PUBLIC ABSENCE(3,1)|RADIOCARBON BASED CIRCULATION(3,1)|REMOTESENSING(3,1)|SUNLIGHT DECREASE(3,1)|TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT PHYTOPLANKTON CURVATURE(3,1)|SURFACE SEA TEMPERATURE(2,5)|QA QC(2,3)|SUBSURFACE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON(2,3)|MOREL(2,2)|AGGREGATION(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|BIOGEOSCIENCE(2,1)|CALCIFICATION(2,1)|CALIBRATION DATA(2,1)|CARBON VERTICAL TRANSPORT(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL WATER(2,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE RADIATIVE FORCING(2,1)|CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURE DRAWDOWN(2,1)|CORGT CORGE(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN MIXING(2,1)|DEPTH PROFILE(2,1)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON FLUX(2,1)|DISTINGUISHE(2,1)|ECOSYSTEM DYNAMIC(2,1)| | (EP3329306)|1. A method for determining net quantity of sequestered atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization comprising the steps of:| a) defining a project boundary;| b) obtaining baseline measurements, metrics and observations within and beyond the project boundary;|wherein the baseline measurements, metrics and observations are:| - chlorophyll concentration (chl),| - photosynthetic active radiation (par),| - surface sea temperature (sst),| - day length,| - particulate Organic Carbon (POC),| - dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC),| - euphotic zone Organic carbon (CorgE), and| - Organic carbon close to deep Thermocline (CorgT);| c) applying an iron compound within the project boundary to enhance photosynthesis;| d) obtaining certain measurements, metrics and observations within and adjacent to the project boundary after the introduction of the iron compound to create a time-series that defines the area of the project boundary on a daily basis from introduction of the iron compound until project conclusion;| e) by using the measurements obtained from steps b) and d), determining total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary, Cseq(P), wherein said Cseq(P)= CorgEff (P) ∗ NPP;| f) determining a total daily carbon sequestration outside the project boundary, Cseq(B), wherein said Cseq(B)= CorgEff (B) ∗ NPP;| g) determining total daily net carbon sequestration, Cseq(NET), wherein said Cseq(NET)= Cseq(P)-Cseq(B); and| h) obtaining the total net carbon sequestration of the project boundary (Ctotal) as the sum of the daily Cseq(NET) from the introduction of the iron compound until project conclusion;|and wherein,| - Corg = POC + DOC;| - CorgEff = CorgT/CorgE; and| - NPP is the Net Primary Production defined as: | wherein| - pb_obt is the photosynthetic activity a function of the sea surface temperature (sst): | and| - z_eu is the euphotic depth at which 1% of the surface/incident light is available, wherein:| where z_eu = 200 ∗ (chl_tot)-0.293| if chl < 1 , chl_tot = 38 ∗ chl0.425| if chl >= 1, chl_tot = 40.2 ∗ chl0.507| and if z_eu <= 102,|then z_eu = 568.2 ∗| (chl_tot)-0.746|.|2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the project boundary is settled based in the following steps:| a) selecting as a project location an ocean eddy;| b) obtaining a baseline of Net Primary Production (NPP) within the ocean eddy prior to iron introduction;| c) waiting until the iron introduction is performed, where after the NPP reaches a maximum value within the ocean eddy the NPP will decrease until equal to the NPP of adjacent waters; and| d) delimiting the project boundary around the iron enriched ocean eddy, where the NPP is 10% or greater than the adjacent waters.|3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the ocean eddy exists within a region of pelagic ocean that is considered to be High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll.|4. The method according to claim 1, wherein data collection is conducted using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) data collection concurrently with satellite observations, to provide greater resolution of sea metrics.|5. The method according to claim 1, wherein data collection is obtained from public or private data sources, or is obtained from at least one device equipped with instrumentation capable of measuring Cseq(P), Cseq(B) and Cseq(NET); or is obtained from a surface vessel which has been equipped with instrumentation able to measure Cseq(P), Cseq(B) and Cseq(NET).|6. The method according to claim 5, where the at least one device is comprised in the group of: autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV's), sediment traps, buoys, shipboard instruments, niskin bottles and satellite instruments.|7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the observations have a minimum geographical resolution of 10 square kilometers per observation or better.|8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the iron compound is introduced into the project boundary in order to stimulate photosynthetic activity within the project boundary.|9. The method according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein calculations of NPP within the project boundary are performed using actual, interpolated or extrapolated data and are applied to provide a measurement of the NPP within the project boundary. | (EP3329306)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0001] This invention, related to greenhouse gas reduction, carbon offset methodology, carbon sequestration, environmental science and environmental sustainability, is in the field of enhancement of atmospheric carbon sequestration by enhanced photosynthetic productivity through the maximized iron fertilization of oceanic waters.|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0002] Carbon sequestered through oceanic processes may also be known as "Blue Carbon". One reason to engage in Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) is to facilitate the drawdown of atmospheric CO2 in nutrient-rich, low chlorophyll (HNLC1) regions of the ocean.|1 Smetacek, V. et al. Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron- fertilized diatom bloom. Nature, 2012, 487: p. 313-319.|[0003] There are two aspects of atmospheric carbon dioxide removal:|The first component is carbon dioxide uptake and conversion to organic carbon in response to photosynthetic activity (phytoplankton bloom) in euphotic waters. This results in a drawdown of the CO2 partial pressure in the surface ocean, the generation of a negative gradient across the air-sea interface, and a net flux (uptake) of CO2 from the atmosphere.|[0004] The second component is the transfer of a portion of the phytoplankton organic carbon to the deep ocean (carbon export) below the permanent thermocline where it will be sequestered and isolated from the atmosphere for a period of time measured in centuries to millennia depending on ocean circulation patterns in the project location.|[0005] The combination of these two components is often referred to as the CO2 biological pump and is one of the processes by which the oceans take up some of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere. In fact, it is estimated that the oceans have absorbed approximately 30% of the anthropogenic CO2 released to the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial revolution (Sabine et al. 2004)2.|2 Sabine, C.L., et al., The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. Science, 2004. 305: p. 367-371.|[0006] 12 IOF3 experiments that have been carried out to date have led to increased photosynthetic activity (i.e., increased chlorophyll concentrations). Three of these thirteen studies [Boyd et al., 20044; Bishop et al., 20045;Smetacek et al., 20126] reported net, but varying carbon export [Williamson et al., 2012]7.|3 Ironex I, Ironex II, SOIREE (Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment), EisenEx, SEEDS (Subarctic Pacific Iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics Study), SOFeX (Southern Ocean Iron Experiments - North and South), SERIES (Subarctic Ecosystem Response to Iron Enrichment Study), SEEDS-II, EIFEX (European iron Fertilization Experiment), CROZEX (CROZet natural iron bloom and Export experiment), LOHAFEX, HSRC (Haida Salmon Restoration Coroporation)|4 Boyd, P.W., et al., The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom. Nature, 2004. 428: p. 549-553.|5 Bishop, J., et al., Robotic observations of enhanced carbon biomass and export at 55°S during SOFeX. Science, 2004. 304: p. 417-420.|6 Smetacek, V. et al. Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron- fertilized diatom bloom. Nature, 2012, 487: p. 313-319.|7 Williamson, P., et al., Ocean Fertilization for geoengineering: A review of effectiveness, environmental impacts and emerging governance., Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2012m 475-488.|[0007] Nonetheless, is some cases, up to 50% of the bloom biomass generated by IOF sank below 1000m depth [Smetacek et al. 2012, Smetacek et al. Submitted]4 8, and similar longer term observations have been reported following natural blooms [Blain et al., 2007]9.|8 Smetacek, V., et al., Massive carbon flux to the deep sea from an iron- fertilized phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean. (submitted)|9 Blain, S., et al., Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Nature, 2007. 446(26 April): p. 1070-1074.|[0008] Recent measurements of carbon export from naturally occurring seasonal phytoplankton blooms in the northwest Pacific and subtropical Pacific suggest that the biological pump is much more efficient than previously thought. In an experiment named VERTIGO (Vertical Transport in the Global Ocean), novel techniques, including neutrally buoyant sediment traps, were used to look at the fate of organic carbon below the mixed layer, and found that export to the deep ocean (below 500 m) was 2-5 times greater than previously thought [Buesseler et al., 2007]10|10 Buesseler, K.O., et al., Revisiting carbon flux through the Ocean's twilight zone. Science, 2007.316(5824): p. 567-570.|[0009] Similarly, observations of blooms stimulated by iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean (e.g. over the Kerguelen plateau) showed extremely high rates of carbon export compared to prior observations [Blain et al., 2007]11.|11 Blain, S., et al., Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Nature, 2007. 446(26 April): p. 1070-1074.|[0010] Recently, numerical models have been used to simulate the ecological response to the natural iron cycle. When coupled to ocean circulation and biogeochemical models, these simulations provide more realistic predictions of surface ocean CO2 drawdown than previously possible [Jin et al., 200812; Aumont and Bopp, 200613; Zahariev et al., 200814]. The results of the Aumont and Bopp [2006] simulations suggest that a full ocean OIF during 100 years would remove 33 ppm of CO2 from the atmosphere. This corresponds to slightly more than 25% of the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels since the early 19th century. Zahariev et al. [2008], using a different set of model assumptions, calculated that global OIF would enhance CO2 uptake by approximately 11% of the 2004 annual anthropogenic emissions, but could only be sustained at that level for a year or two under continuous fertilization [Zahariev, Christian, and Denman, 2008].|12 Jin, X., et al., The impact on atmospheric CO2 of iron fertilization induced changes in the ocean's biological pump. Biogeosciences, 2008. 5: p. 385-406.|13 Aumont, O. and L. Bopp, Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2006. 20 (GB2017).|14 Zahariev, K., J.R. Christian, and K.L. Denman, Preindustrial, historical, and fertilization simulations using a global ocean carbon model with new parameterizations of iron limitation, calcification, and N2 fixation. Progress in Oceanography, 2008. 77: p. 56-82.|[0011] Although much smaller, this quantity is still equivalent to that of many other emission reduction strategies, such as moderate and low penetration wind power. Therefore, classic OIF is one, but not the best, mitigation technique that could be applied to reduce global atmospheric CO2 levels.|PERMANENCE|[0012] There are two components to the question of 'permanence' of carbon sequestration from OIF. The first component is the length of time that sequestered carbon will be prevented from returning to the atmosphere. Sequestration time is a function of particulate organic carbon settling depth, itself a function of the settling rate (taxonomy, grazing, particle density, aggregation, ballasting) and the ocean circulation patterns below the fertilized patch. Deep ocean mixing is a slow process that occurs on a time scale of hundreds to a thousand years.|[0013] The ability to associate the depth of the water column with age (of last contact with the atmosphere) and future trajectory of the water is well established in the oceanographic community. Measurements of the intrusion or evasion rate of natural (e.g., radon, 14C) and man made tracers, e.g., tritium, CFCs(chlorofluorocarbon), SF6 (sulphur hexasulfide) into the world oceans provide calibration data for circulation models. These models can then produce a "residence time vs. depth profile" curve for any area of the ocean in which ocean fertilization is conducted [England, 1995; Matsumoto, 2007; Fine, 2011; Khatiwala et al., 2012], as well as the general future path of this parcel of water.|[0014] The residence time of carbon sequestered from OIF is calculated through application of general ocean circulation models such as those described above.|[0015] As organic carbon particles, produced in the euphotic zone, sink through the water column, they are subject to microbial respiration or remineralization as the organic material is converted back to its inorganic constituents, including CO2.|[0016] Most of the sequestered carbon is remineralized close to the ocean surface (top few hundred meters), but a significant fraction (~1-10%) can sink to the deep ocean or even the sea floor. The period of carbon sequestration from OIF is defined by the future trajectory of the parcel of water in which each unit of organic carbon is remineralized.|[0017] In order to generate carbon credits from OIF, carbon sequestration should be measured at depth corresponding to a desired residence time period. The second component of 'permanence' of carbon sequestration is the definition of a permanence time period. The Kyoto Protocol uses 100 years as the arbitrary time horizon for which the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the six regulated GHGs are normalized [UNFCCC, 1997]. This choice by the Kyoto Protocol policy makers incorporated consideration for both long term benefits and short term benefits of climate mitigation options [IPCC, 1995; p.229], and is the best definition available for viable carbon sequestration.|[0018] To be consistent with global carbon policy, a depth corresponding to a 100 year residence time should be considered on a case by case basis. 15 16 1718 19 20|15 England, M.H., The Age of Water and Ventilation Timescales in a Global Ocean Model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1995. 25(November): p. 2756 - 2777.|16 IPCC, Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios, ed. J.T. Houghton. 1995, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.|17 Matsumoto, K., Radiocarbon based circulation age of the world oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 2007. 112(C09004).|18 UNFCCC, REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997, in FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add.1, UNFCCC, Editor. 1997|19 Fine R., Observations of CFCs and SF6 as Ocean Tracers. Annual Review in Marine Science, 2011. 3: p. 173-195|20 Khatiwala, S., F. primeau and M. Holzer., Ventilation of the deep ocean constrained with tracer observations and implications for radiocarbon estimates of ideal mean age. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012. 325-326: p. 116-125.|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0019] Figure 1: A) Example of an ocean eddy. B) The image shows surface sea height (SSH) as measured from satellite observations; the arrow and circled area highlights an ocean eddy that is proud of the sea surface by approximately 20 cm.| Figure 2: Shows a diagram of how various oceanographic parameters shall be measured. "A" shows satellite observations being taken of the project area. These observations shall include Chlorophyll (chl), photosynthetically active radiation (par) , surface sea temperature (sst) and sea surface height (ssh). In-situ instruments such as "B" autonomous underwater vehicles that are able to move vertically in the water column or "C" vertically moving instruments lowered from a surface vessel may be used to obtain data to substitute for satellite observations should satellite observations not be available of the project area. Observations of organic carbon near the surface and in proximity to the thermocline "D" shall be taken to determine the vertical carbon flux through the water column. Vertically moving instruments such as "C" or "B" when suitably equipped may be used to obtain vertical carbon flux measurements by taking measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC).| Figure 3: Ocean eddy and project boundary defined at the Initial stage of the project (initial project boundary).| Figure 4: Project Boundary as net primary production increases. The project area spread beyond the initial project boundary. Ocean eddy remains the same.| Figure 5: Increases over time of the area contained within the Actual Project Boundary, the Net Primary Production (NPP ) will cease to be 10% greater that surrounding waters. Ocean eddy remains the same.|[0020] The present invention provides a method for calculating the quantity of atmospheric carbon sequestration based on the measurements obtained that allows determining the net quantity of atmospheric carbon that is sequestered.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0021] While certain preferred embodiments of the present invention may be described, modifications, adaptations, and other embodiments are also possible. For example, the methods and processes described herein may be modified by substituting, reordering, or adding stages to the disclosed methods.|[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description does not limit the scope of the invention. In the light of the present description, the following terms or phrases should be understood with the meanings described below:|The term "Ocean Eddy" as used herein means an ocean surface sea height anomaly. An ocean eddy is and is a circular current of water that cause nutrients that are normally found in colder, deeper waters to come to the surface of the ocean, the water within an eddy usually has different temperature and composition characteristics to the water outside of the eddy.|[0023] The term "CTD package" as used herein corresponds to a large instrument package for acquiring water column profiles, as understood according to the standard definition used by oceanographers, where CTD corresponds to the minimum measures: electrical conductivity, temperature, and depth (pressure).|Project boundary|[0024] The project boundary according to the present invention is unique from most other carbon methodologies. Because oceanic carbon sequestration uses areas of the ocean as a project location, the circulation of the ocean water and currents will mean the project boundary will move. However, it is still possible to define a project boundary explicitly.|[0025] Iron enrichment of the ocean shall take place in an ocean eddy. Ocean eddies are circular currents of water that are not flush with the ocean surface (see Figures 1A and 1B). Although difficult to define with the naked eye, ocean eddies may be defined using Surface Sea Height (ssh) data available from public domain sources21.|[0026] A surface sea height anomaly of 3cm or greater shall be considered to be the criteria for defining the border of the ocean eddy. The area enclosed within this border shall be defined as the initial project location.|[0027] Ocean eddies have desirable properties when engaging in Iron enrichment. They resist mixing of the nutrients and Iron into the surrounding waters, and are sources of upwelling nutrients that stimulate photosynthesis.4|[0028] For these reasons, the project shall be conducted within an ocean eddy.|[0029] An iron compound is introduced into the initial project boundary in order to stimulate photosynthetic activity within this boundary. Addition of Iron into an eddy will stimulate photosynthesis and shall create an increase in Net Primary Production (NPP), however this effect is not permanent. The project boundary will therefore cease to exist once the effect of Iron enrichment is no longer significantly elevated from surrounding waters.|[0030] NPP shall be calculated prior to the introduction of iron compound. This shall be considered the background or pre-existing NPP of the initial project boundary. As the iron compound increases NPP, the area of improved photosynthesis will spread beyond the initial project boundary.|[0031] Repeated observations of sea surface chlorophyll within and surrounding the initial project boundary shall be performed to determine the delineation between the area of increased photosynthesis and pre-existing photosynthesis. This delineation shall be defined as the actual project boundary. The criteria used to determine the delineation of the actual project boundary shall be an increase of NPP that is 10% or greater than the background NPP, or the NPP surrounding the actual project boundary. The actual|[0032] 21 http://oceanmotion.org/html/resources/ssedv.htm|[0033] project boundary therefore shall be the area enclosed by this delineation, and will change over time.|[0034] When the NPP within the actual project boundary is no longer elevated more than 10% of the NPP surrounding the actual project boundary, the project shall be considered concluded.|[0035] Observations for calculating NPP within the actual project boundary and observations for calculating NPP surrounding the actual project boundary shall be taken daily or interpolated daily to create a time-series that defines the area of the actual project boundary on a daily basis from the introduction of iron compound until project conclusion. Because observations may not be possible to accomplish on a daily basis due to environmental conditions and measurement device limitations, it shall be acceptable to use interpolation and extrapolation from known data points to estimate daily NPP metrics.|[0036] Therefore, the project boundary shall be defined in the following steps;| a) A high nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC) ocean eddy in pelagic waters shall be selected as a project location.| b) A baseline of Net Primary Production (NPP) within the ocean eddy shall be obtained prior to Iron enrichment (NPP is explained later in this document).| c) As Iron enrichment is performed, the Net Primary Production (NPP) will increase within the eddy to a maximum value (NPPmax) after which it will decrease until it is indistinguishable from adjacent waters.| d) The project boundary therefore shall be defined as a delineation around the Iron enriched ocean eddy, where the NPP is 10% or greater than surrounding waters.| e) Once the NPP within the ocean eddy has reduced to less than 10% of surrounding waters, the project shall be considered to have reached it's conclusion.|Baseline scenario|[0037] The carbon export from an Ocean Iron enrichment project is the mass balance obtained from difference between the initial Net Primary Production (NPP) within the project boundary, the adjacent NPP once the project has commenced and the increased NPP within the project boundary caused by Iron enrichment.|[0038] Therefore, prior to commencement of the project, measurements and metrics of the project area shall be undertaken to allow the NPP of the project area to be established. During the project, measurements and metrics of the adjacent ocean waters shall be undertaken to account for changing NPP that could have been reasonably expected prior to execution of the project. This shall be defined as the baseline NPP.|TABLE 1|Metrics to be measured:Data / parameter:chlData unit:mg/m3Description:Chlorophyll a ConcentrationSource of data:Satellite observations of the sea surface, or direct in-situ measurements from Chlorophyll a measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if any):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:Daily if possible.QA/QC procedures:Pre or post calibration of measurement instruments must be made within 60 days when in-situ instruments are used.|TABLE 2|Data / parameter:parData unit:mol quanta/m2 (Einsteins per day per square meter)Description:Photosynthetically Active RadiationSource of data:Satellite observations of the sea surface, or direct in-situ measurements from PAR measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if any):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:Daily if possible.QA/QC procedures:Pre or post calibration of measurement instruments must be made within 60 days when in-situ instruments are used.|TABLE 3|Data / parameter:sstData unit:Degrees centigradeDescription:Sea Surface TemperatureSource of data:Satellite observations of the sea surface temperature, or direct in-situ measurements from temperature measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if any):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:Daily if possible.QA/QC procedures:Pre or post calibration of measurement instruments must be made within 60 days when in-situ instruments are used.|TABLE 4|Data / parameter:POCData unit:mg/m3Description:Particulate Organic Carbon vertical fluxSource of data:Direct in-situ measurements from nets, water samples or measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if anv):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:As frequently as possible.|TABLE 5|Data / parameter:DOCData unit:mg/m3Description:Dissovled Organic Carbon vertical fluxSource of data:Direct in-situ measurements from nets, water samples or measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if anv):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:As frequently as possible.|TABLE 6|Data / parameter:Day length or PhotoperiodData unit:Decimal hours, hours of sunlight per dayDescription:The interval in a 24 hour period during which phytoplankton is exposed to lightSource of data:A widely available environmental metricMeasurement procedures (if anv):-Monitoring frequency:Daily|[0039] The method and calculations for establishing NPP are defined later.|Additionalitv|[0040] Because execution of a pelagic ocean Blue Carbon project is at sea, it requires substantial resources, and cannot be performed 'accidentally' or through means other than specifically engaging in the project, therefore, the additionality is satisfied.|Project emissions|[0041] Project emissions are the carbon emissions that will be emitted through the course of execution of the project. The largest source of carbon emissions is expected to be exhaust from internal combustion engines used to power seagoing vessels used in the project. This quantity will vary depending on the type of vessel used, and the duration of the seagoing voyages, and will be calculated on a case-by-case basis. The project emissions are estimated to be a minor fraction of the project sequestration.|Leakage|[0042] The primary source of leakage is remineralization of vertical carbon transport back into the ecosystem. Leakage is removed from the project carbon calculations through the term "Export Efficiency" which defines the actual vertical carbon transport that is sequestered, which accounts for remineralization.|Method for calculating the quantity of atmospheric carbon sequestration|[0043] In order to calculate the carbon that is removed from the atmosphere, it is necessary to obtain measurements of various oceanographic parameters, and apply those measurements to a mathematical calculation that provides an estimate of the carbon sequestered.|[0044] However, due to the difficulty to obtain certain metrics and measurements from the open ocean, the calculation described in this methodology must adhere to two principles for practical application. These are;| (1) The metrics used to perform the calculation described in this methodology must be observable. That means that there must be a practical method to gather the data destined as inputs to the calculation and they must be easy to obtain with currently available technology. Therefore, the calculation provides an estimate of carbon fixation that is a 'best possible' approximation.| (2) Secondly, the calculation must be based upon a scientifically accepted algorithm that provides realistic estimates of photosynthetic production. This calculation uses estimates of Net Primary Production (NPP), to evaluate the quantity of carbon fixed by ocean photosynthesis per unit area and time.|[0045] The main metrics that have to be acquired correspond to:| Chlorophyll concentration (chl)| Photosynthetic active radiation (par)| Surface sea temperature (sst)| Day length| Particulate Organic Carbon (POC)| Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)| Organic carbon in the Euphotic zone (CorgE)| Organic carbon in the close to the deep Thermocline (CorgT)|[0046] These observations shall be used as input data into a calculation to determine Net Primary Production (NPP) and carbon transport efficiency. These measurements shall have a minimum geographical resolution of 10 square kilometers per observation or better.|[0047] The observations should be repeated daily or interpolated daily using a suite of instruments and sampling mechanisms.|[0048] These observations shall be made from public or private data sources. In the absence of public or private data observations, an acceptable substitute may be obtained from|[0049] Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV's) equipped with instrumentation capable of measuring the parameters.|[0050] The use of AUV data collection conducted concurrently with satellite observations will provide greater resolution of sea metrics.|[0051] Alternatively, sediment traps, buoys, shipboard instruments, niskin bottles and/or a surface vessel may be used, which has been equipped with instrumentation able to measure these parameters.|[0052] A fraction of the carbon fixed in the euphotic zone will sink and pass through the deep thermocline where it may be sequestered for a significant amount of time (months or years). Although there are several different methods to perform this calculation, the methodology described in the present invention will use the Eppley VGPM Net Primary Production (NPP) calculation22, which is widely used and peer reviewed23.|22 Eppley, RW. Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea. Fishery Bulletin, 1972, Volume 70: 1063-1085|23 Behrenfeld, MJ., PG Falkowski., Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997a, Volume 42: 1-20|NPP calculation explanation|[0053] The Eppley Net Primary Production (NPP) calculation utilizes the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM) proposed by Behrenfeld and Falkowski in 199714, and is commonly used to estimate regional to global ocean NPP. This algorithm is based primarily on observations of chlorophyll concentrations, which may be obtained from satellite, aircraft or in situ surveys, as shown in Figure 2. The foundation of the VGPM model is that NPP varies in a predictable manner with chlorophyll concentration (chl), i.e., NPP is a function dependent from the chlorophyll concentration. |[0054] The Eppley VGPM model is a version of the Behrenfeld and Falkowski model that includes the temperature dependent growth function of phytoplankton described by Eppley (1972)13. Thus, the effects of ocean temperature on carbon fixation are taken into account.|[0055] The algorithm employs a variable termed pb_opt, which is the maximum daily net primary production found within a given water column, and is based on the curvature of the temperature dependent phytoplankton growth function described by Eppley (1972). It is typically expressed in units of mg carbon fixed per mg of chlorophyll per hour.|[0056] NPP per volume unit at the depth of pb_opt is thus: |[0057] Day length is the number of hours of daylight at the location of interest and NPP is the number of milligrams of carbon fixed per day per unit volume. In order to relate the total water column volume to surface area, a water column integrated productivity per unit of ocean area function is required. This essentially projects the volume of the area of interest to a value expressed as production per unit surface area. |[0058] The volume function may be explained as follows. Photosynthesis through the water column is not uniform. This is because photosynthetic activity is driven by sunlight. As sunlight penetrates the water column, some of it will be absorbed and some is scattered backwards. Consequently, sunlight decreases rapidly with depth in a near exponential manner. Furthermore, sunlight intensity varies due to effects such as cloud cover. These effects of light on photosynthesis are accounted for in the VGPM algorithm by including a light dependent term, f(par), also known as the photosynthetic active radiation, in the calculation. | where z_eu is the euphotic depth at which 1% of surface/incident light is available. The z_eu term is calculated using the Morel and Berthon (1989) case 1 model24. This model estimates z_eu from surface chlorophyll concentrations and is based on empirical equations fitted to observational data. This term distinguishes between lower and higher chlorophyll waters. Given the amount of chlorophyll, the euphotic depth is estimated using distinct equations for lower and higher chlorophyll.|[0059] If chl < 1 | if chl >= 1 chl_tot = 40.2 * chl0.507 | if z_eu <= 102,|then, |[0060] The f(par) term is the ratio of water column integrated NPP to the maximum potential NPP if photosynthetic rates were maintained at maximum levels (i.e. pb_opt) throughout the water column. This lightdependent term was determined empirically using thousands of field productivity measurements and is given by: |[0061] Replacing the "volume function" with these relationships yields the Eppley VGPM relationship:|[0062] 24 Morel, A., J-F Berthon., Surface pigments, algal biomass profiles, and potential production of the euphotic layer: Relationships reinvestigated in view of remote-sensing applications. Limnology and Oceanography. 1989, Volume 34: 1545-1562 |[0063] The pb_opt term, as defined by Eppley(1972), expresses photosynthetic activity as a function of sea surface temperature (sst) and is given by: |[0064] Therefore, the NPP calculation requires the following input data fields:| chl: chlorophyll concentration at the surface of the ocean (measured from satellite observations, aerial instrumentation or in situ instruments)| par: photosynthetically active radiation (measured from satellite observations, aircraft, aerial instrumentation or in situ instruments)| sst: surface sea temperature (measured from satellite observations, aerial instrumentation or in situ instruments)| day length, (widely published and commonly available environmental metric)|Carbon sequestration|[0065] NPP provides the quantity of carbon fixed per unit area, but this is not the same as carbon sequestration. Not all of the carbon manifested by NPP will sink through the water column and reach the deep thermocline. In addition, the ratio of carbon sequestered to NPP may vary depending on environmental conditions and a fixed carbon sequestration: NPP ratio may not apply in all conditions and locations. Therefore, a conversion ratio that relates carbon sequestration to NPP for the area under study must be established.|[0066] The vertical carbon flux through the water column may be estimated from Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) measurements taken at various depths within the water column. Preserving principle (1), that metrics used in the calculation must be observable, commonly available in situ oceanographic instruments (such as gliders, water samples, sediment traps or CTD packages) will be utilized to measure POC and DOC at various depths, covering the euphotic zone to the depth of the permanent thermocline.|[0067] Sub-surface particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) observations shall be taken from measurements in the euphotic zone of the sub-surface, and also in proximity of the deep thermocline of the sub-surface.|[0068] Observations shall be taken within the actual project boundary and surrounding the actual project boundary to determine the vertical carbon flux within the project boundary and surrounding the project boundary.|[0069] Measurements of POC and DOC concentrations at various depths in the water column will yield estimates of the organic carbon flux to the deep sea and the efficiency of carbon sequestration. Organic Carbon (c_org) is expressed as: |[0070] The maximum vertical carbon flux through the water column is the c_org present in the euphotic zone in the area under study. This metric may be determined by in situ measurements in the euphotic zone. This term shall be CorgE.|[0071] The actual carbon flux at the deep thermocline may be determined by in situ measurements of Corg in proximity to the deep thermocline. This term shall be CorgT.|[0072] During the measurement process, sufficient time (weeks to months) must be allowed for carbon flux to move vertically from the euphotic zone to the deep thermocline. A ratio may now be calculated that defines the carbon vertical transport efficiency in the area under study. This term shall be CorgEff. |[0073] Therefore, total carbon sequestration (Cseq) is therefore defined as: |[0074] Preserving principle 1, CorgEff will be considered a constant within the area under study. Therefore, once this metric has been established, NPP will be calculated using the most granular satellite or other remote sensing observations available, but preserving CorgEff as a locally defined constant. This metric is applicable only for the time and place under observation and must be supported by in situ measurements (gliders, water samples, CTD packages, sediment traps, etc.)|[0075] However, the total project carbon sequestration (Cproj) must remove the baseline carbon export that the project area would sequester without the influence of Iron enrichment.|[0076] Therefore; |[0077] Where, Cbaseline is calculated in the same manner as Cseq, but using metrics and observations of the project area prior to Iron enrichment.|[0078] The carbon transport efficiency within the project boundary shall be defined as CorgEff(P) and the carbon transport efficiency outside the project boundary shall be used as a baseline metric and shall be defined as CorgEff(B).|[0079] Total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary shall be the total NPP, discounted by the vertical carbon transport efficiency within the actual project boundary. Therefore, the total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary shall be: |[0080] Similarly, total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary shall be: |[0081] Thus, the net daily project carbon sequestration shall be the daily carbon sequestration inside the actual project boundary, minus the daily baseline carbon sequestration outside the actual project boundary. Therefore, the total net carbon sequestration shall be defined as: |[0082] Cseq(NET) shall be calculated daily from the date of introduction of iron compound, until the date of project conclusion. The project duration (Days(P)) shall be defined as the number of days from introduction of iron compound until project conclusion.|[0083] The total net carbon sequestration of the project (Ctotal) shall be the daily Cseq(NET) summed daily, from the introduction of iron compound until project conclusion.|[0084] Thus, the method for determining net quantity of sequestered atmospheric carbon can be described according to the following steps:| a) defining a project boundary byobtaining Satellite surface sea height (SSH) observations from public or private data sources to determine the location of an Ocean Eddy that may be used as a project location;| selecting an Ocean Eddy existing within a region of the pelagic ocean considered to be High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll;| selecting a surface sea height anomaly of 3cm or greater for defining the border of the ocean eddy;| defining the area enclosed within this border as the initial project location; b) obtaining baseline measurements, metrics and observations within and beyond the project boundary of:sea surface chlorophyll (chl), photosynthetically active radiation (par), sea surface temperature (sst) and sub-surface particulate organic carbon (poc) and dissolved organic carbon (doc) shall be taken.| sub-surface particulate organic carbon (poc) and dissolved organic carbon (doc) from measurements in the euphotic zone of the sub-surface, and also in proximity of the deep thermocline of the sub-surface;| calculating the NPP prior to the introduction of iron that shall be considered the background or pre-existing NPP of the initial project boundary; c) applying an iron compound within the project boundary to enhance photosynthesis within this boundary;| d) obtaining certain measurements, metrics and observations within and adjacent to the project boundary after the introduction of the Iron compound that shall be taken daily or interpolated daily using suite of instruments and sampling mechanisms to create a time-series that defines the area of the actual project boundary on a daily basis from the introduction of iron compound until project conclusion, such as:sea surface chlorophyll (chl), photosynthetically active radiation (par), sea surface temperature (sst) and sub-surface particulate organic carbon (poc) and dissolved organic carbon (doc) shall be taken.| determining the organic carbon flux (corg) as the sum of poc and doc;| determining the carbon transport efficiency (corgEFF) as corgT/corgE;| defining CorgEFF(P) as carbon transport efficiency within the project boundary and CorgEFF(B) as the carbon transport efficiency outside the project boundary;| defining the project duration (Days(P)) as the number of days from introduction of iron compound until project conclusion;and e) determining the net quantity of atmospheric carbon that is sequestered by using the measurements obtained from steps b) and d), by calculating the following data:the total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary is Cseq(P) = CorgEFF(P) ∗ NPP;| the total daily carbon sequestration outside the actual project boundary is Cseq(B) = CorgEFF(B) ∗ NPP;| the total net carbon sequestration is Cseq(NET) = Cseq(P)-Cseq(B);| the total net carbon sequestration of the project (Ctotal) is the daily Cseq(NET) summed daily, from the introduction of iron compound until project conclusion.|ILLUSTRATIONS|Example 1:|[0085] Iron compound is placed within the Ocean Eddy at the onset of the project, resulting in an increase in Net Primary Production. This area, within the Ocean Eddy, is defined as the Initial Project Boundary (Figure 3).|[0086] As Net Primary Production increases, the project area will spread beyond the Initial Project Boundary. The actual project boundary will be defined as the delineation between a 10% or greater increase in NPP from its initial value and surrounding waters. As shown in Figure 4, the actual project boundary will change on a day to day basis whereas the Ocean eddy area remains the same or very similar as the beginning of the project.|[0087] As the area contained within the Actual Project Boundary increases over time, the Net Primary Production will increase, plateau, and begin to decrease. A point will be reached where the Net Primary Production of the water enclosed within the boundary will cease to be 10% greater that surrounding waters, thus terminating the project (see Figure 5). | (EP3329306)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0001] This invention, related to greenhouse gas reduction, carbon offset methodology, carbon sequestration, environmental science and environmental sustainability, is in the field of enhancement of atmospheric carbon sequestration by enhanced photosynthetic productivity through the maximized iron fertilization of oceanic waters.|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0002] Carbon sequestered through oceanic processes may also be known as "Blue Carbon". One reason to engage in Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) is to facilitate the drawdown of atmospheric CO2 in nutrient-rich, low chlorophyll (HNLC1) regions of the ocean.|1 Smetacek, V. et al. Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron- fertilized diatom bloom. Nature, 2012, 487: p. 313-319.|[0003] There are two aspects of atmospheric carbon dioxide removal:|The first component is carbon dioxide uptake and conversion to organic carbon in response to photosynthetic activity (phytoplankton bloom) in euphotic waters. This results in a drawdown of the CO2 partial pressure in the surface ocean, the generation of a negative gradient across the air-sea interface, and a net flux (uptake) of CO2 from the atmosphere.|[0004] The second component is the transfer of a portion of the phytoplankton organic carbon to the deep ocean (carbon export) below the permanent thermocline where it will be sequestered and isolated from the atmosphere for a period of time measured in centuries to millennia depending on ocean circulation patterns in the project location.|[0005] The combination of these two components is often referred to as the CO2 biological pump and is one of the processes by which the oceans take up some of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere. In fact, it is estimated that the oceans have absorbed approximately 30% of the anthropogenic CO2 released to the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial revolution (Sabine et al. 2004)2.|2 Sabine, C.L., et al., The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. Science, 2004. 305: p. 367-371.|[0006] 12 IOF3 experiments that have been carried out to date have led to increased photosynthetic activity (i.e., increased chlorophyll concentrations). Three of these thirteen studies [Boyd et al., 20044; Bishop et al., 20045;Smetacek et al., 20126] reported net, but varying carbon export [Williamson et al., 2012]7.|3 Ironex I, Ironex II, SOIREE (Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment), EisenEx, SEEDS (Subarctic Pacific Iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics Study), SOFeX (Southern Ocean Iron Experiments - North and South), SERIES (Subarctic Ecosystem Response to Iron Enrichment Study), SEEDS-II, EIFEX (European iron Fertilization Experiment), CROZEX (CROZet natural iron bloom and Export experiment), LOHAFEX, HSRC (Haida Salmon Restoration Coroporation)|4 Boyd, P.W., et al., The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom. Nature, 2004. 428: p. 549-553.|5 Bishop, J., et al., Robotic observations of enhanced carbon biomass and export at 55°S during SOFeX. Science, 2004. 304: p. 417-420.|6 Smetacek, V. et al. Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron- fertilized diatom bloom. Nature, 2012, 487: p. 313-319.|7 Williamson, P., et al., Ocean Fertilization for geoengineering: A review of effectiveness, environmental impacts and emerging governance., Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2012m 475-488.|[0007] Nonetheless, is some cases, up to 50% of the bloom biomass generated by IOF sank below 1000m depth [Smetacek et al. 2012, Smetacek et al. Submitted]4 8, and similar longer term observations have been reported following natural blooms [Blain et al., 2007]9.|8 Smetacek, V., et al., Massive carbon flux to the deep sea from an iron- fertilized phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean. (submitted)|9 Blain, S., et al., Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Nature, 2007. 446(26 April): p. 1070-1074.|[0008] Recent measurements of carbon export from naturally occurring seasonal phytoplankton blooms in the northwest Pacific and subtropical Pacific suggest that the biological pump is much more efficient than previously thought. In an experiment named VERTIGO (Vertical Transport in the Global Ocean), novel techniques, including neutrally buoyant sediment traps, were used to look at the fate of organic carbon below the mixed layer, and found that export to the deep ocean (below 500 m) was 2-5 times greater than previously thought [Buesseler et al., 2007]10|10 Buesseler, K.O., et al., Revisiting carbon flux through the Ocean's twilight zone. Science, 2007.316(5824): p. 567-570.|[0009] Similarly, observations of blooms stimulated by iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean (e.g. over the Kerguelen plateau) showed extremely high rates of carbon export compared to prior observations [Blain et al., 2007]11.|11 Blain, S., et al., Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Nature, 2007. 446(26 April): p. 1070-1074.|[0010] Recently, numerical models have been used to simulate the ecological response to the natural iron cycle. When coupled to ocean circulation and biogeochemical models, these simulations provide more realistic predictions of surface ocean CO2 drawdown than previously possible [Jin et al., 200812; Aumont and Bopp, 200613; Zahariev et al., 200814]. The results of the Aumont and Bopp [2006] simulations suggest that a full ocean OIF during 100 years would remove 33 ppm of CO2 from the atmosphere. This corresponds to slightly more than 25% of the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels since the early 19th century. Zahariev et al. [2008], using a different set of model assumptions, calculated that global OIF would enhance CO2 uptake by approximately 11% of the 2004 annual anthropogenic emissions, but could only be sustained at that level for a year or two under continuous fertilization [Zahariev, Christian, and Denman, 2008].|12 Jin, X., et al., The impact on atmospheric CO2 of iron fertilization induced changes in the ocean's biological pump. Biogeosciences, 2008. 5: p. 385-406.|13 Aumont, O. and L. Bopp, Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2006. 20 (GB2017).|14 Zahariev, K., J.R. Christian, and K.L. Denman, Preindustrial, historical, and fertilization simulations using a global ocean carbon model with new parameterizations of iron limitation, calcification, and N2 fixation. Progress in Oceanography, 2008. 77: p. 56-82.|[0011] Although much smaller, this quantity is still equivalent to that of many other emission reduction strategies, such as moderate and low penetration wind power. Therefore, classic OIF is one, but not the best, mitigation technique that could be applied to reduce global atmospheric CO2 levels.|PERMANENCE|[0012] There are two components to the question of 'permanence' of carbon sequestration from OIF. The first component is the length of time that sequestered carbon will be prevented from returning to the atmosphere. Sequestration time is a function of particulate organic carbon settling depth, itself a function of the settling rate (taxonomy, grazing, particle density, aggregation, ballasting) and the ocean circulation patterns below the fertilized patch. Deep ocean mixing is a slow process that occurs on a time scale of hundreds to a thousand years.|[0013] The ability to associate the depth of the water column with age (of last contact with the atmosphere) and future trajectory of the water is well established in the oceanographic community. Measurements of the intrusion or evasion rate of natural (e.g., radon, 14C) and man made tracers, e.g., tritium, CFCs(chlorofluorocarbon), SF6 (sulphur hexasulfide) into the world oceans provide calibration data for circulation models. These models can then produce a "residence time vs. depth profile" curve for any area of the ocean in which ocean fertilization is conducted [England, 1995; Matsumoto, 2007; Fine, 2011; Khatiwala et al., 2012], as well as the general future path of this parcel of water.|[0014] The residence time of carbon sequestered from OIF is calculated through application of general ocean circulation models such as those described above.|[0015] As organic carbon particles, produced in the euphotic zone, sink through the water column, they are subject to microbial respiration or remineralization as the organic material is converted back to its inorganic constituents, including CO2.|[0016] Most of the sequestered carbon is remineralized close to the ocean surface (top few hundred meters), but a significant fraction (~1-10%) can sink to the deep ocean or even the sea floor. The period of carbon sequestration from OIF is defined by the future trajectory of the parcel of water in which each unit of organic carbon is remineralized.|[0017] In order to generate carbon credits from OIF, carbon sequestration should be measured at depth corresponding to a desired residence time period. The second component of 'permanence' of carbon sequestration is the definition of a permanence time period. The Kyoto Protocol uses 100 years as the arbitrary time horizon for which the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the six regulated GHGs are normalized [UNFCCC, 1997]. This choice by the Kyoto Protocol policy makers incorporated consideration for both long term benefits and short term benefits of climate mitigation options [IPCC, 1995; p.229], and is the best definition available for viable carbon sequestration.|[0018] To be consistent with global carbon policy, a depth corresponding to a 100 year residence time should be considered on a case by case basis. 15 16 1718 19 20|15 England, M.H., The Age of Water and Ventilation Timescales in a Global Ocean Model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1995. 25(November): p. 2756 - 2777.|16 IPCC, Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios, ed. J.T. Houghton. 1995, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.|17 Matsumoto, K., Radiocarbon based circulation age of the world oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 2007. 112(C09004).|18 UNFCCC, REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997, in FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add.1, UNFCCC, Editor. 1997|19 Fine R., Observations of CFCs and SF6 as Ocean Tracers. Annual Review in Marine Science, 2011. 3: p. 173-195|20 Khatiwala, S., F. primeau and M. Holzer., Ventilation of the deep ocean constrained with tracer observations and implications for radiocarbon estimates of ideal mean age. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012. 325-326: p. 116-125.|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0019] Figure 1: A) Example of an ocean eddy. B) The image shows surface sea height (SSH) as measured from satellite observations; the arrow and circled area highlights an ocean eddy that is proud of the sea surface by approximately 20 cm.| Figure 2: Shows a diagram of how various oceanographic parameters shall be measured. "A" shows satellite observations being taken of the project area. These observations shall include Chlorophyll (chl), photosynthetically active radiation (par) , surface sea temperature (sst) and sea surface height (ssh). In-situ instruments such as "B" autonomous underwater vehicles that are able to move vertically in the water column or "C" vertically moving instruments lowered from a surface vessel may be used to obtain data to substitute for satellite observations should satellite observations not be available of the project area. Observations of organic carbon near the surface and in proximity to the thermocline "D" shall be taken to determine the vertical carbon flux through the water column. Vertically moving instruments such as "C" or "B" when suitably equipped may be used to obtain vertical carbon flux measurements by taking measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC).| Figure 3: Ocean eddy and project boundary defined at the Initial stage of the project (initial project boundary).| Figure 4: Project Boundary as net primary production increases. The project area spread beyond the initial project boundary. Ocean eddy remains the same.| Figure 5: Increases over time of the area contained within the Actual Project Boundary, the Net Primary Production (NPP ) will cease to be 10% greater that surrounding waters. Ocean eddy remains the same.|[0020] The present invention provides a method for calculating the quantity of atmospheric carbon sequestration based on the measurements obtained that allows determining the net quantity of atmospheric carbon that is sequestered.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0021] While certain preferred embodiments of the present invention may be described, modifications, adaptations, and other embodiments are also possible. For example, the methods and processes described herein may be modified by substituting, reordering, or adding stages to the disclosed methods.|[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description does not limit the scope of the invention. In the light of the present description, the following terms or phrases should be understood with the meanings described below:|The term "Ocean Eddy" as used herein means an ocean surface sea height anomaly. An ocean eddy is and is a circular current of water that cause nutrients that are normally found in colder, deeper waters to come to the surface of the ocean, the water within an eddy usually has different temperature and composition characteristics to the water outside of the eddy.|[0023] The term "CTD package" as used herein corresponds to a large instrument package for acquiring water column profiles, as understood according to the standard definition used by oceanographers, where CTD corresponds to the minimum measures: electrical conductivity, temperature, and depth (pressure).|Project boundary|[0024] The project boundary according to the present invention is unique from most other carbon methodologies. Because oceanic carbon sequestration uses areas of the ocean as a project location, the circulation of the ocean water and currents will mean the project boundary will move. However, it is still possible to define a project boundary explicitly.|[0025] Iron enrichment of the ocean shall take place in an ocean eddy. Ocean eddies are circular currents of water that are not flush with the ocean surface (see Figures 1A and 1B). Although difficult to define with the naked eye, ocean eddies may be defined using Surface Sea Height (ssh) data available from public domain sources21.|[0026] A surface sea height anomaly of 3cm or greater shall be considered to be the criteria for defining the border of the ocean eddy. The area enclosed within this border shall be defined as the initial project location.|[0027] Ocean eddies have desirable properties when engaging in Iron enrichment. They resist mixing of the nutrients and Iron into the surrounding waters, and are sources of upwelling nutrients that stimulate photosynthesis.4|[0028] For these reasons, the project shall be conducted within an ocean eddy.|[0029] An iron compound is introduced into the initial project boundary in order to stimulate photosynthetic activity within this boundary. Addition of Iron into an eddy will stimulate photosynthesis and shall create an increase in Net Primary Production (NPP), however this effect is not permanent. The project boundary will therefore cease to exist once the effect of Iron enrichment is no longer significantly elevated from surrounding waters.|[0030] NPP shall be calculated prior to the introduction of iron compound. This shall be considered the background or pre-existing NPP of the initial project boundary. As the iron compound increases NPP, the area of improved photosynthesis will spread beyond the initial project boundary.|[0031] Repeated observations of sea surface chlorophyll within and surrounding the initial project boundary shall be performed to determine the delineation between the area of increased photosynthesis and pre-existing photosynthesis. This delineation shall be defined as the actual project boundary. The criteria used to determine the delineation of the actual project boundary shall be an increase of NPP that is 10% or greater than the background NPP, or the NPP surrounding the actual project boundary. The actual|[0032] 21 http://oceanmotion.org/html/resources/ssedv.htm|[0033] project boundary therefore shall be the area enclosed by this delineation, and will change over time.|[0034] When the NPP within the actual project boundary is no longer elevated more than 10% of the NPP surrounding the actual project boundary, the project shall be considered concluded.|[0035] Observations for calculating NPP within the actual project boundary and observations for calculating NPP surrounding the actual project boundary shall be taken daily or interpolated daily to create a time-series that defines the area of the actual project boundary on a daily basis from the introduction of iron compound until project conclusion. Because observations may not be possible to accomplish on a daily basis due to environmental conditions and measurement device limitations, it shall be acceptable to use interpolation and extrapolation from known data points to estimate daily NPP metrics.|[0036] Therefore, the project boundary shall be defined in the following steps;| a) A high nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC) ocean eddy in pelagic waters shall be selected as a project location.| b) A baseline of Net Primary Production (NPP) within the ocean eddy shall be obtained prior to Iron enrichment (NPP is explained later in this document).| c) As Iron enrichment is performed, the Net Primary Production (NPP) will increase within the eddy to a maximum value (NPPmax) after which it will decrease until it is indistinguishable from adjacent waters.| d) The project boundary therefore shall be defined as a delineation around the Iron enriched ocean eddy, where the NPP is 10% or greater than surrounding waters.| e) Once the NPP within the ocean eddy has reduced to less than 10% of surrounding waters, the project shall be considered to have reached it's conclusion.|Baseline scenario|[0037] The carbon export from an Ocean Iron enrichment project is the mass balance obtained from difference between the initial Net Primary Production (NPP) within the project boundary, the adjacent NPP once the project has commenced and the increased NPP within the project boundary caused by Iron enrichment.|[0038] Therefore, prior to commencement of the project, measurements and metrics of the project area shall be undertaken to allow the NPP of the project area to be established. During the project, measurements and metrics of the adjacent ocean waters shall be undertaken to account for changing NPP that could have been reasonably expected prior to execution of the project. This shall be defined as the baseline NPP.|TABLE 1|Metrics to be measured:Data / parameter:chlData unit:mg/m3Description:Chlorophyll a ConcentrationSource of data:Satellite observations of the sea surface, or direct in-situ measurements from Chlorophyll a measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if any):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:Daily if possible.QA/QC procedures:Pre or post calibration of measurement instruments must be made within 60 days when in-situ instruments are used.|TABLE 2|Data / parameter:parData unit:mol quanta/m2 (Einsteins per day per square meter)Description:Photosynthetically Active RadiationSource of data:Satellite observations of the sea surface, or direct in-situ measurements from PAR measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if any):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:Daily if possible.QA/QC procedures:Pre or post calibration of measurement instruments must be made within 60 days when in-situ instruments are used.|TABLE 3|Data / parameter:sstData unit:Degrees centigradeDescription:Sea Surface TemperatureSource of data:Satellite observations of the sea surface temperature, or direct in-situ measurements from temperature measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if any):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:Daily if possible.QA/QC procedures:Pre or post calibration of measurement instruments must be made within 60 days when in-situ instruments are used.|TABLE 4|Data / parameter:POCData unit:mg/m3Description:Particulate Organic Carbon vertical fluxSource of data:Direct in-situ measurements from nets, water samples or measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if anv):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:As frequently as possible.|TABLE 5|Data / parameter:DOCData unit:mg/m3Description:Dissovled Organic Carbon vertical fluxSource of data:Direct in-situ measurements from nets, water samples or measurement devices deployed on surface ships or other means by project participants.Measurement procedures (if anv):If environmental factors such as overcast or storms prevent occasional observations from being made, extrapolation from known data points may be substituted.Monitoring frequency:As frequently as possible.|TABLE 6|Data / parameter:Day length or PhotoperiodData unit:Decimal hours, hours of sunlight per dayDescription:The interval in a 24 hour period during which phytoplankton is exposed to lightSource of data:A widely available environmental metricMeasurement procedures (if anv):-Monitoring frequency:Daily|[0039] The method and calculations for establishing NPP are defined later.|Additionalitv|[0040] Because execution of a pelagic ocean Blue Carbon project is at sea, it requires substantial resources, and cannot be performed 'accidentally' or through means other than specifically engaging in the project, therefore, the additionality is satisfied.|Project emissions|[0041] Project emissions are the carbon emissions that will be emitted through the course of execution of the project. The largest source of carbon emissions is expected to be exhaust from internal combustion engines used to power seagoing vessels used in the project. This quantity will vary depending on the type of vessel used, and the duration of the seagoing voyages, and will be calculated on a case-by-case basis. The project emissions are estimated to be a minor fraction of the project sequestration.|Leakage|[0042] The primary source of leakage is remineralization of vertical carbon transport back into the ecosystem. Leakage is removed from the project carbon calculations through the term "Export Efficiency" which defines the actual vertical carbon transport that is sequestered, which accounts for remineralization.|Method for calculating the quantity of atmospheric carbon sequestration|[0043] In order to calculate the carbon that is removed from the atmosphere, it is necessary to obtain measurements of various oceanographic parameters, and apply those measurements to a mathematical calculation that provides an estimate of the carbon sequestered.|[0044] However, due to the difficulty to obtain certain metrics and measurements from the open ocean, the calculation described in this methodology must adhere to two principles for practical application. These are;| (1) The metrics used to perform the calculation described in this methodology must be observable. That means that there must be a practical method to gather the data destined as inputs to the calculation and they must be easy to obtain with currently available technology. Therefore, the calculation provides an estimate of carbon fixation that is a 'best possible' approximation.| (2) Secondly, the calculation must be based upon a scientifically accepted algorithm that provides realistic estimates of photosynthetic production. This calculation uses estimates of Net Primary Production (NPP), to evaluate the quantity of carbon fixed by ocean photosynthesis per unit area and time.|[0045] The main metrics that have to be acquired correspond to:| Chlorophyll concentration (chl)| Photosynthetic active radiation (par)| Surface sea temperature (sst)| Day length| Particulate Organic Carbon (POC)| Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)| Organic carbon in the Euphotic zone (CorgE)| Organic carbon in the close to the deep Thermocline (CorgT)|[0046] These observations shall be used as input data into a calculation to determine Net Primary Production (NPP) and carbon transport efficiency. These measurements shall have a minimum geographical resolution of 10 square kilometers per observation or better.|[0047] The observations should be repeated daily or interpolated daily using a suite of instruments and sampling mechanisms.|[0048] These observations shall be made from public or private data sources. In the absence of public or private data observations, an acceptable substitute may be obtained from|[0049] Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV's) equipped with instrumentation capable of measuring the parameters.|[0050] The use of AUV data collection conducted concurrently with satellite observations will provide greater resolution of sea metrics.|[0051] Alternatively, sediment traps, buoys, shipboard instruments, niskin bottles and/or a surface vessel may be used, which has been equipped with instrumentation able to measure these parameters.|[0052] A fraction of the carbon fixed in the euphotic zone will sink and pass through the deep thermocline where it may be sequestered for a significant amount of time (months or years). Although there are several different methods to perform this calculation, the methodology described in the present invention will use the Eppley VGPM Net Primary Production (NPP) calculation22, which is widely used and peer reviewed23.|22 Eppley, RW. Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea. Fishery Bulletin, 1972, Volume 70: 1063-1085|23 Behrenfeld, MJ., PG Falkowski., Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997a, Volume 42: 1-20|NPP calculation explanation|[0053] The Eppley Net Primary Production (NPP) calculation utilizes the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM) proposed by Behrenfeld and Falkowski in 199714, and is commonly used to estimate regional to global ocean NPP. This algorithm is based primarily on observations of chlorophyll concentrations, which may be obtained from satellite, aircraft or in situ surveys, as shown in Figure 2. The foundation of the VGPM model is that NPP varies in a predictable manner with chlorophyll concentration (chl), i.e., NPP is a function dependent from the chlorophyll concentration. |[0054] The Eppley VGPM model is a version of the Behrenfeld and Falkowski model that includes the temperature dependent growth function of phytoplankton described by Eppley (1972)13. Thus, the effects of ocean temperature on carbon fixation are taken into account.|[0055] The algorithm employs a variable termed pb_opt, which is the maximum daily net primary production found within a given water column, and is based on the curvature of the temperature dependent phytoplankton growth function described by Eppley (1972). It is typically expressed in units of mg carbon fixed per mg of chlorophyll per hour.|[0056] NPP per volume unit at the depth of pb_opt is thus: |[0057] Day length is the number of hours of daylight at the location of interest and NPP is the number of milligrams of carbon fixed per day per unit volume. In order to relate the total water column volume to surface area, a water column integrated productivity per unit of ocean area function is required. This essentially projects the volume of the area of interest to a value expressed as production per unit surface area. |[0058] The volume function may be explained as follows. Photosynthesis through the water column is not uniform. This is because photosynthetic activity is driven by sunlight. As sunlight penetrates the water column, some of it will be absorbed and some is scattered backwards. Consequently, sunlight decreases rapidly with depth in a near exponential manner. Furthermore, sunlight intensity varies due to effects such as cloud cover. These effects of light on photosynthesis are accounted for in the VGPM algorithm by including a light dependent term, f(par), also known as the photosynthetic active radiation, in the calculation. | where z_eu is the euphotic depth at which 1% of surface/incident light is available. The z_eu term is calculated using the Morel and Berthon (1989) case 1 model24. This model estimates z_eu from surface chlorophyll concentrations and is based on empirical equations fitted to observational data. This term distinguishes between lower and higher chlorophyll waters. Given the amount of chlorophyll, the euphotic depth is estimated using distinct equations for lower and higher chlorophyll.|[0059] If chl < 1 | if chl >= 1 chl_tot = 40.2 * chl0.507 | if z_eu <= 102,|then, |[0060] The f(par) term is the ratio of water column integrated NPP to the maximum potential NPP if photosynthetic rates were maintained at maximum levels (i.e. pb_opt) throughout the water column. This lightdependent term was determined empirically using thousands of field productivity measurements and is given by: |[0061] Replacing the "volume function" with these relationships yields the Eppley VGPM relationship:|[0062] 24 Morel, A., J-F Berthon., Surface pigments, algal biomass profiles, and potential production of the euphotic layer: Relationships reinvestigated in view of remote-sensing applications. Limnology and Oceanography. 1989, Volume 34: 1545-1562 |[0063] The pb_opt term, as defined by Eppley(1972), expresses photosynthetic activity as a function of sea surface temperature (sst) and is given by: |[0064] Therefore, the NPP calculation requires the following input data fields:| chl: chlorophyll concentration at the surface of the ocean (measured from satellite observations, aerial instrumentation or in situ instruments)| par: photosynthetically active radiation (measured from satellite observations, aircraft, aerial instrumentation or in situ instruments)| sst: surface sea temperature (measured from satellite observations, aerial instrumentation or in situ instruments)| day length, (widely published and commonly available environmental metric)|Carbon sequestration|[0065] NPP provides the quantity of carbon fixed per unit area, but this is not the same as carbon sequestration. Not all of the carbon manifested by NPP will sink through the water column and reach the deep thermocline. In addition, the ratio of carbon sequestered to NPP may vary depending on environmental conditions and a fixed carbon sequestration: NPP ratio may not apply in all conditions and locations. Therefore, a conversion ratio that relates carbon sequestration to NPP for the area under study must be established.|[0066] The vertical carbon flux through the water column may be estimated from Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) measurements taken at various depths within the water column. Preserving principle (1), that metrics used in the calculation must be observable, commonly available in situ oceanographic instruments (such as gliders, water samples, sediment traps or CTD packages) will be utilized to measure POC and DOC at various depths, covering the euphotic zone to the depth of the permanent thermocline.|[0067] Sub-surface particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) observations shall be taken from measurements in the euphotic zone of the sub-surface, and also in proximity of the deep thermocline of the sub-surface.|[0068] Observations shall be taken within the actual project boundary and surrounding the actual project boundary to determine the vertical carbon flux within the project boundary and surrounding the project boundary.|[0069] Measurements of POC and DOC concentrations at various depths in the water column will yield estimates of the organic carbon flux to the deep sea and the efficiency of carbon sequestration. Organic Carbon (c_org) is expressed as: |[0070] The maximum vertical carbon flux through the water column is the c_org present in the euphotic zone in the area under study. This metric may be determined by in situ measurements in the euphotic zone. This term shall be CorgE.|[0071] The actual carbon flux at the deep thermocline may be determined by in situ measurements of Corg in proximity to the deep thermocline. This term shall be CorgT.|[0072] During the measurement process, sufficient time (weeks to months) must be allowed for carbon flux to move vertically from the euphotic zone to the deep thermocline. A ratio may now be calculated that defines the carbon vertical transport efficiency in the area under study. This term shall be CorgEff. |[0073] Therefore, total carbon sequestration (Cseq) is therefore defined as: |[0074] Preserving principle 1, CorgEff will be considered a constant within the area under study. Therefore, once this metric has been established, NPP will be calculated using the most granular satellite or other remote sensing observations available, but preserving CorgEff as a locally defined constant. This metric is applicable only for the time and place under observation and must be supported by in situ measurements (gliders, water samples, CTD packages, sediment traps, etc.)|[0075] However, the total project carbon sequestration (Cproj) must remove the baseline carbon export that the project area would sequester without the influence of Iron enrichment.|[0076] Therefore; |[0077] Where, Cbaseline is calculated in the same manner as Cseq, but using metrics and observations of the project area prior to Iron enrichment.|[0078] The carbon transport efficiency within the project boundary shall be defined as CorgEff(P) and the carbon transport efficiency outside the project boundary shall be used as a baseline metric and shall be defined as CorgEff(B).|[0079] Total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary shall be the total NPP, discounted by the vertical carbon transport efficiency within the actual project boundary. Therefore, the total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary shall be: |[0080] Similarly, total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary shall be: |[0081] Thus, the net daily project carbon sequestration shall be the daily carbon sequestration inside the actual project boundary, minus the daily baseline carbon sequestration outside the actual project boundary. Therefore, the total net carbon sequestration shall be defined as: |[0082] Cseq(NET) shall be calculated daily from the date of introduction of iron compound, until the date of project conclusion. The project duration (Days(P)) shall be defined as the number of days from introduction of iron compound until project conclusion.|[0083] The total net carbon sequestration of the project (Ctotal) shall be the daily Cseq(NET) summed daily, from the introduction of iron compound until project conclusion.|[0084] Thus, the method for determining net quantity of sequestered atmospheric carbon can be described according to the following steps:| a) defining a project boundary byobtaining Satellite surface sea height (SSH) observations from public or private data sources to determine the location of an Ocean Eddy that may be used as a project location;| selecting an Ocean Eddy existing within a region of the pelagic ocean considered to be High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll;| selecting a surface sea height anomaly of 3cm or greater for defining the border of the ocean eddy;| defining the area enclosed within this border as the initial project location; b) obtaining baseline measurements, metrics and observations within and beyond the project boundary of:sea surface chlorophyll (chl), photosynthetically active radiation (par), sea surface temperature (sst) and sub-surface particulate organic carbon (poc) and dissolved organic carbon (doc) shall be taken.| sub-surface particulate organic carbon (poc) and dissolved organic carbon (doc) from measurements in the euphotic zone of the sub-surface, and also in proximity of the deep thermocline of the sub-surface;| calculating the NPP prior to the introduction of iron that shall be considered the background or pre-existing NPP of the initial project boundary; c) applying an iron compound within the project boundary to enhance photosynthesis within this boundary;| d) obtaining certain measurements, metrics and observations within and adjacent to the project boundary after the introduction of the Iron compound that shall be taken daily or interpolated daily using suite of instruments and sampling mechanisms to create a time-series that defines the area of the actual project boundary on a daily basis from the introduction of iron compound until project conclusion, such as:sea surface chlorophyll (chl), photosynthetically active radiation (par), sea surface temperature (sst) and sub-surface particulate organic carbon (poc) and dissolved organic carbon (doc) shall be taken.| determining the organic carbon flux (corg) as the sum of poc and doc;| determining the carbon transport efficiency (corgEFF) as corgT/corgE;| defining CorgEFF(P) as carbon transport efficiency within the project boundary and CorgEFF(B) as the carbon transport efficiency outside the project boundary;| defining the project duration (Days(P)) as the number of days from introduction of iron compound until project conclusion;and e) determining the net quantity of atmospheric carbon that is sequestered by using the measurements obtained from steps b) and d), by calculating the following data:the total daily carbon sequestration within the actual project boundary is Cseq(P) = CorgEFF(P) ∗ NPP;| the total daily carbon sequestration outside the actual project boundary is Cseq(B) = CorgEFF(B) ∗ NPP;| the total net carbon sequestration is Cseq(NET) = Cseq(P)-Cseq(B);| the total net carbon sequestration of the project (Ctotal) is the daily Cseq(NET) summed daily, from the introduction of iron compound until project conclusion.|ILLUSTRATIONS|Example 1:|[0085] Iron compound is placed within the Ocean Eddy at the onset of the project, resulting in an increase in Net Primary Production. This area, within the Ocean Eddy, is defined as the Initial Project Boundary (Figure 3).|[0086] As Net Primary Production increases, the project area will spread beyond the Initial Project Boundary. The actual project boundary will be defined as the delineation between a 10% or greater increase in NPP from its initial value and surrounding waters. As shown in Figure 4, the actual project boundary will change on a day to day basis whereas the Ocean eddy area remains the same or very similar as the beginning of the project.|[0087] As the area contained within the Actual Project Boundary increases over time, the Net Primary Production will increase, plateau, and begin to decrease. A point will be reached where the Net Primary Production of the water enclosed within the boundary will cease to be 10% greater that surrounding waters, thus terminating the project (see Figure 5). | Family Number|(76398916)|76398916|Title|(CA2899051 C)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(CA2899051 A1)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(WO201720120 A1)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(CA2965409 C)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(CA2965409 A1)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(AU2016303912 A1)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(US20180217119 A1)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(EP3329306 B1)|Method for calculating net carbon capture from ocean iron fertilization|(EP3329306 A4)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(EP3329306 A1)|Method for calculating net carbon capture from ocean iron fertilization|(CN108139502 A)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization , and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method |(HK1255632 A1)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(DK3329306T T3)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(PL3329306 T3)|Method for calculating net carbon capture from ocean iron fertilization|(PT3329306T T)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(ES2903035 T3)|Process and method for the enhancement of sequestering atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization, and method for calculating net carbon capture from said process and method|(HUE059440 T2)|Method for calculating net carbon capture from ocean iron fertilization|Independent Claims|(EP3329306 B1)|1. A method for determining net quantity of sequestered atmospheric carbon through ocean iron fertilization comprising the steps of: a) defining a project boundary; b) obtaining baseline measurements, metrics and observations within and beyond the project boundary; wherein the baseline measurements, metrics and observations are: - chlorophyll concentration (...) | | Analysis of biological materials|Basic materials chemistry|Chemical engineering|Civil engineering|Environmental technology|Measurement | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/01|G01N-033/18/46|G01N-033/18/6|G01N-033/18/86|Y02A-020/20|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/01|G01N-033/18/46|G01N-033/18/6|G01N-033/18/86|Y02A-020/20|Y02C-020/40 | B01D|B01D-053/14|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|C05D-009/00|E21B-041/00|G01N-033/18|G01V|G01V-009/00 | B01D|B01D-053/14|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|C05D-009/00|E21B-041/00|G01N-033/18|G01V|G01V-009/00 | CN119003679|CN116357503|EP3230774;EP3230774|US20170371068|WO201690478|US12223713|CN113392540B|CN109815962B | CN119003679 112294084 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN116357503 105574041 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|EP3230774 73293953 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|US20170371068 73293953 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|WO201690478 73293953 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|US12223713 99898539 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN113392540B 96096121 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN109815962B 84648131 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CA2835792|WO2008131455|WO2008124883|US20090119025|CN104428051|CN203183916U|CN103255048|CN104364195|CN102811795|CN102395417 | CA2835792 70436524 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2008131455 44191677 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2008124883 1796402 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20090119025 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|CN104428051 18754705 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN203183916U 45949840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN103255048 45840545 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN104364195 61854868 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN102811795 1915654 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN102395417 1878278 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | VICTOR SMETACEK ET AL.,: "Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom", 《NATURE》 (Cat. A)|Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom;Victor Smetacek et al.，;《Nature》;20120719(第48期);第313-319页 (Cat. A) | |XP055361696||XP055361696; WO2008131455; CA2835792; WO2008124883||||||CN102811795; CN102395417; CN104364195; CN104428051; CN203183916U; CN103255048|US20090119025|||| | (EP3329306)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-VICTOR SMETACEK ET AL: "Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom", NATURE, vol. 487, no. 7407, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), London, pages 313 - 319, XP055361696, ISSN: 0028-0836, DOI: 10.1038/nature11229|-See also references of WO 2017020120A1|-Smetacek, V. et al. Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron- fertilized diatom bloom. Nature, 2012, 487: p. 313-319|-Sabine, C.L., et al., The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. Science, 2004. 305: p. 367-371|-Boyd, P.W., et al., The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom. Nature, 2004. 428: p. 549-553|-Bishop, J., et al., Robotic observations of enhanced carbon biomass and export at 55°S during SOFeX. Science, 2004. 304: p. 417-420|-Williamson, P., et al., Ocean Fertilization for geoengineering: A review of effectiveness, environmental impacts and emerging governance., Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2012m 475-488|-Blain, S., et al., Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Nature, 2007. 446(26 April): p. 1070-1074|-Buesseler, K.O., et al., Revisiting carbon flux through the Ocean's twilight zone. Science, 2007.316(5824): p. 567-570|-Jin, X., et al., The impact on atmospheric CO2 of iron fertilization induced changes in the ocean's biological pump. Biogeosciences, 2008. 5: p. 385-406|-Aumont, O. and L. Bopp, Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2006. 20|-Zahariev, K., J.R. Christian, and K.L. Denman, Preindustrial, historical, and fertilization simulations using a global ocean carbon model with new parameterizations of iron limitation, calcification, and N2 fixation. Progress in Oceanography, 2008. 77: p. 56-82|-England, M.H., The Age of Water and Ventilation Timescales in a Global Ocean Model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1995. 25(November): p. 2756 - 2777|-IPCC, Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios, ed. J.T. Houghton. 1995, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press|-Matsumoto, K., Radiocarbon based circulation age of the world oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 2007. 112(C09004|-UNFCCC, REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997, in FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add.1, UNFCCC, Editor. 1997|-Fine R., Observations of CFCs and SF6 as Ocean Tracers. Annual Review in Marine Science, 2011. 3: p. 173-195|-Khatiwala, S., F. primeau and M. Holzer., Ventilation of the deep ocean constrained with tracer observations and implications for radiocarbon estimates of ideal mean age. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012. 325-326: p. 116-125|-Eppley, RW. Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea. Fishery Bulletin, 1972, Volume 70: 1063-1085|-Behrenfeld, MJ., PG Falkowski., Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997a, Volume 42: 1-20|-Morel, A., J-F Berthon., Surface pigments, algal biomass profiles, and potential production of the euphotic layer: Relationships reinvestigated in view of remote-sensing applications. Limnology and Oceanography. 1989, Volume 34: 1545-1562||(US20180217119)|Examiner references|-Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom, Nature, vol. 487, pages 313-319, 2012, as provided in the IDS; hereinafter "Smetacek"||(WO2017/020120)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-SMETACEK ET AL.: "Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom", NATURE, vol. 487, 19 July 2012 (2012-07-19), pages 313 - 319, XP055361696||||||||||||| | GRANTED | (EP3329306)|GRANTED|(US20180217119)|LAPSED|(WO2017/020120)|LAPSED|(CN108139502)|GRANTED|(ES2903035)|GRANTED|(PL3329306)|GRANTED|(DK3329306)|GRANTED|(CA2965409)|GRANTED|(CA2899051)|GRANTED|(HUE059440)|GRANTED|(PT3329306)|GRANTED|(HK1255632)|LAPSED|(CL2018000139)|PENDING|(PE20180806)|LAPSED|(AU2016303912)|LAPSED | ALIVE | 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Yi||(CN108139502)|Number of Claims: NCL=11|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2018-06-08|Gazette number: GAZNUM=34-2302|Substantial examination effective date: 20180703 Examination duration: 14 months|Number of Pages: NPAGES=21|Primary examiner: 郭忆|Primary examiner: Guo Yi||(CA2965409)|Number of Claims: NCL=10||(CA2965409)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Number of Pages: NPAGES=33||(CA2899051)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Number of Pages: NPAGES=34||(CA2899051)|Number of Claims: NCL=11|Number of Pages: NPAGES=34||(AU2016303912)|Number of Claims: NCL=11| | (CN108139502)|Previous publication: CN108139502 A 2018-06-08 [CN108139502]|(CA2965409)|Division of: CA2899051 FDD=2015-07-31 [2015CA-2899051]|Division of: CA2965409 FDD=2015-07-31 [2015CA-2965409]|(CA2899051)|Division of: CA2899051 FDD=2015-07-31 [2015CA-2899051] | (EP3329306)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (HUE059440)|Patent|(ES2903035)|Patent|(PL3329306)|Patent|(PT3329306T)|Patent|(DK3329306T)|Patent|(EP3329306)|Patent|(CN108139502B)|Patent|(HK1255632)|Patent|(EP3329306)|Patent|(US20180217119)|Patent|(CL201800139)|Patent|(CN108139502)|Patent|(EP3329306)|Patent|(PE201800806)|Patent|(CA2965409)|Patent|(AU2016303912)|Patent|(CA2899051)|Patent|(WO201720120)|Patent|(CA2899051)|Patent|(CA2965409)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||
| 12 | US12/779,473 | WOUS2011/036169|US12/779,473 | US20110282773|WO2011/143375 | 44369763 | WO2011/143375 A1 2011-11-17 [WO2011143375]|US20110282773 A1 2011-11-17 [US20110282773] | 2010-05-13 | 2011-05-12|2010-05-13 | 2011-11-17|2011-11-17 | (US20110282773)|2012-09-10|(WO2011/143375)|2013-11-13 | (US20110282773)|Method For Sequestering Carbon Dioxide Via Fertilization Of A Body Of Water From The Air, And For Acquiring Compensation Therefrom | (US20110282773)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a body of water such as an area of ocean by seeding the water surface with a fertilizer including iron. The seeding is conducted from the air using an aircraft equipped with a device to record or otherwise document the details of the iron distribution, where the method of distribution has been approved in advance for acquisition of carbon sequestration credits by an appropriate agency. Evidence of the success of the application is presented to the appropriate regulatory body and the carbon credits acquired. | MORGAN | (US20110282773)|GRAY, III LESLIE MORGAN|(WO2011/143375)|MORGAN GROUP LLC ([US]) | GRAY III LESLIE MORGAN | (US20110282773)|Gray, III Leslie Morgan | (WO2011/143375)|FREEMAN, John W. ([US]) | (US20110282773)|It may be necessary to provide data and evidence of successful application of fertilizer, the biological response and the sequestration result can be presented to the appropriate agency, and credits successfully obtained.|This is done to have better definition of the edges for remote tracking.|The essential problem that has to be solved is that only a very small amount of iron that is needed per unit ocean surface area.|The presence of these ocean currents, which may be significant relative to the ship speed, makes the actual ship tracks very difficult to determine, resulting in a high likelihood of under or over fertilization.|This uncertainty of application makes it difficult to precisely measure or predict the amount of biological life generated, as sampling from fixed points may not be representative of the entire fertilized area.| | (US20110282773)|1 . A method of acquiring a monetizable credit for sequestration of carbon from an agency authorized to issue the credit for distributing a plankton-growth fertilizer to a body of water from an airborne craft, the plankton growth fertilizer including iron, the method including, providing evidence to the agency of successful fertilization and carbon sequestration by delivery of the fertilizer to a body of water from the air, the evidence including data indicative of fertilizer distribution by air and data indicative of an increase in plankton in the region of the distribution, and obtaining credit for carbon sequestration.|3 . The method of outfitting an aircraft to distribute a plankton-growth fertilizer, by providing on the aircraft: a composition that is, or can be used to make, a fertilizer for application to a body of water, the composition including iron in a form that is, or can be converted into, a biologically useful form usable for fertilization, an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water.| | (US20110282773)|In one aspect the invention features methods of acquiring a monitizable credit to be provided to entities which sequester carbon.|The invention relates to sequestering carbon by fertilizing a body of water, e.g., to enhance ocean plankton photosynthesis, to methods for efficient stimulation by fertilizing with iron, and to methods for accounting and monetizing the sequestration.|The subject of the invention is the acquisition of validated carbon credits, obtained via the ocean iron fertilization process, which includes the spreading of the iron from the air.| | (US20110282773)|AIRCRAFT(100,36)|FERTILIZER(100,29)|AGENCY(100,17)|CREDIT(100,16)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,12)|AIR(100,9)|FERTILIZATION(100,7)|PLANKTON GROWTH FERTILIZER(100,7)|METHANEDIONE(100,2)|AIRBORNE CRAFT(100,1)|COMPENSATION(100,1)|MONETIZABLE CREDIT(100,1)|ENHANCE OCEAN PLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS(94,1)|FERTILIZER DISPERSAL(75,8)|FERTILIZATION AGENCY(64,2)|PLANKTON BLOOM VALIDATION(56,2)|VALIDATED CARBON CREDIT ACQUISITION(51,1)|GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY(46,4)|MONITIZABLE CREDIT(46,2)|IRON SPREADING(42,1)|VERIFYING DISPERSAL(39,1)|FERTILIZER VERIFYING(38,2)|OPTIMUM FERTILIZER DISPERSAL(38,2)|SUCCESS EVIDENCE(37,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(36,1)|FERTILIZER MONITORING DISPERSION(35,2)|CARBON CREDIT VALIDATION(34,1)|EMIT METHANEDIONE(32,2)|EVIDENCE(31,7)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION ACQUISITION(31,1)|STIMULATION(28,1)|FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION(27,3)|DISPERSION DATA(26,3)|IRON FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION(26,3)|SHIP SPEED(26,1)|MONITORING DISPERSAL(25,2)|LIKELIHOOD(25,1)|CHELATED FERROUS SULFATE(24,2)|ACCOUNTING(24,1)|TRACKING(24,1)|AUTHORIZATION(23,4)|REGISTERED CARBON TRADING MARKET(23,2)|AIRCRAFT COURSE(22,1)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(22,1)|SHIP TRACK(22,1)|SEQUESTRATION(21,3)|TAX BENEFIT(21,3)|OVERLAPPING TRACK(20,2)|PLANKTON(19,4)|OCEAN CURRENT(18,7)|BIOLOGICAL LIFE(18,1)|SAMPLING(18,1)|SEQUESTRATION RESULT(18,1)|AGENCY DATA(17,1)|AIR COLLECTION(16,1)|APPLICATION UNCERTAINTY(15,1)|ENTIRE FERTILIZED AREA(15,1)|AUTHORITY(14,2)|CORPORATE ENTITY(14,2)|ALTITUDE(13,2)|IRON DISTRIBUTION DETAIL(13,1)|AIRCRAFT LOCATION(12,3)|SEQUESTER CARBON(12,3)|AIRCRAFT SPEED(11,3)|DATA COLLECTION(11,2)|ELECTRONIC PAYMENT(9,3)|AIRCRAFT CONTROL(9,2)|COUNTRY JURISDICTION(9,1)|FERTILIZATION VALIDATION(9,1)|PLANKTON GROWTH FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION(9,1)|PREMIXED WET FERTILIZER(9,1)|SEEDING VALIDATION(9,1)|WET FERTILIZER DISPERSAL(9,1)|DOCUMENTATION(8,5)|CONTROLLED PATTERN(8,2)|DRY FERTILIZER(8,2)|METHANEDIONE BUILDUP(8,1)|PHOTO PLANKTON GROWTH(8,1)|PRECIPITATION UNCERTAINTY(8,1)|SEEDING AIRCRAFT ELEVATION(8,1)|SEQUESTRATION VALIDATION(8,1)|OVERKILL RATIO(7,3)|REGULATORY BODY(7,3)|VESSEL TRACK(7,3)|DISPERSING NOZZLE(7,2)|AIRCRAFT MISSION(7,1)|FERTILIZER SINK(7,1)|FIXED POINT(7,1)|MONEY PAYMENT(7,1)|SEQUESTRATION EVIDENCE(7,1)|SHIP SEEDING(7,1)|SHIP SPREADING(7,1)|AIRCRAFT FLY(6,1)|APPROVAL AGENCY(6,1)|COUNTER HORIZONTAL SPREADING UNCERTAINTY(6,1)|EMISSION ABATEMENT(6,1)|FERTILIZER DISPERSION(6,1)|FLYING DISPERSAL PATH(6,1)|HR AIRSPEED(6,1)|IRON DISTRIBUTION NONUNIFORMITY(6,1)|IRON SCARCITY(6,1)|IRON SEEDING(6,1)|IRON SHIP DISTRIBUTION(6,1)|LEISURELY TURNING(6,1)|OCEAN BUOY(6,1)|OCEAN SPREADING(6,1)|OVER FERTILIZATION(6,1)|PLANKTON MEASUREMENT(6,1)|PRIVATE AGENCY(6,1)|PROJECT APPROVAL(6,1)|VALIDATION REQUIREMENT(6,1)|VALUABLE CREDIT(6,1)|WORLD SYSTEM(6,1)|TRACE ELEMENT(5,6)|CARBON CREDIT ACQUISITION(5,2)|PHOTIC LAYER(5,2)|SEED PATTERN(5,2)|WIND DIRECTION(5,2)|ACCURATE VALIDATION(5,1)|EUROPEAN CLIMATE EXCHANGE(5,1)|FERTILIZER UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION(5,1)|NATURAL TRANSVERSE SPREADING(5,1)|OVERLAPPING CIRCLE(5,1)|REALISTIC PATTERN(5,1)|SPREADING EFFORT(5,1)|SEA SURFACE(4,9)|OPTIMUM PATTERN(4,2)|PREVAILING WIND(4,2)|SEAWATER(4,2)|AIR DISPERSAL(4,1)|AIRCRAFT ABILITY(4,1)|ALLOWING CARBON(4,1)|CARBON POLLUTER(4,1)|DISPERSION MEDIUM(4,1)|DISTRIBUTION TRACK(4,1)|EVIDENCE PROPOSITION(4,1)|FINITE DURATION(4,1)|FLOATING VESSEL(4,1)|IRON ION(4,1)|MONITIZABLE(4,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZED AREA(4,1)|PLANKTON BLOOM DEGREE(4,1)|PLANKTON BLOOM EFFECT EVIDENCE(4,1)|PROSCRIBED TRACK SPACING(4,1)|SPIRAL PATTERN(4,1)|HOPE(3,2)|AIR SEEDING(3,1)|AIRCRAFT TURNING RADIUS(3,1)|APPROVED PLAN(3,1)|AREA FERTILIZATION(3,1)|BUOY DATA(3,1)|CANTORCO2E(3,1)|CDM CARBON PROJECT(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL(3,1)||(WO2011/143375)|AIRCRAFT(100,34)|FERTILIZER(100,28)|CREDIT(100,16)|AGENCY(100,15)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,11)|PLANKTON GROWTH FERTILIZER(100,6)|AIRBORNE CRAFT(100,1)|MONETIZABLE CREDIT(100,1)|FERTILIZER DISPERSAL(71,8)|FERTILIZATION AGENCY(61,2)|PLANKTON BLOOM VALIDATION(53,2)|GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY(43,4)|FERTILIZER VERIFYING(36,2)|OPTIMUM FERTILIZER DISPERSAL(36,2)|VERIFYING DISPERSAL(36,1)|FERTILIZER MONITORING DISPERSION(33,2)|EMIT METHANEDIONE(30,2)|FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION(26,3)|FERTILIZATION(25,7)|DISPERSION DATA(25,3)|IRON FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION(25,3)|EVIDENCE(24,6)|MONITORING DISPERSAL(24,2)|CHELATED FERROUS SULFATE(23,2)|AUTHORIZATION(21,4)|REGISTERED CARBON TRADING MARKET(21,2)|TAX BENEFIT(20,3)|AIRCRAFT COURSE(20,1)|OVERLAPPING TRACK(19,2)|PLANKTON(18,4)|AGENCY DATA(16,1)|AIR COLLECTION(15,1)|CORPORATE ENTITY(14,2)|AUTHORITY(13,2)|AIRCRAFT LOCATION(12,3)|ALTITUDE(12,2)|DATA COLLECTION(11,2)|AIRCRAFT SPEED(10,3)|ELECTRONIC PAYMENT(9,3)|AIRCRAFT CONTROL(9,2)|CONTROLLED PATTERN(8,2)|COUNTRY JURISDICTION(8,1)|FERTILIZATION VALIDATION(8,1)|PLANKTON GROWTH FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION(8,1)|PREMIXED WET FERTILIZER(8,1)|SEEDING VALIDATION(8,1)|WET FERTILIZER DISPERSAL(8,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(7,6)|DOCUMENTATION(7,5)|DISPERSING NOZZLE(7,2)|DRY FERTILIZER(7,2)|METHANEDIONE BUILDUP(7,1)|PRECIPITATION UNCERTAINTY(7,1)|SEEDING AIRCRAFT ELEVATION(7,1)|SEQUESTRATION VALIDATION(7,1)|OVERKILL RATIO(6,3)|VESSEL TRACK(6,3)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(6,2)|AIRCRAFT MISSION(6,1)|FERTILIZER SINK(6,1)|MONEY PAYMENT(6,1)|MONITIZABLE CREDIT(6,1)|SEQUESTRATION EVIDENCE(6,1)|SHIP SEEDING(6,1)|SHIP SPREADING(6,1)|AIRSPEED(5,3)|CARBON CREDIT ACQUISITION(5,2)|PHOTIC LAYER(5,2)|SEED PATTERN(5,2)|AIRCRAFT FLY(5,1)|APPROVAL AGENCY(5,1)|COUNTER HORIZONTAL SPREADING UNCERTAINTY(5,1)|EMISSION ABATEMENT(5,1)|FERTILIZER DISPERSION(5,1)|FLYING DISPERSAL PATH(5,1)|IRON DISTRIBUTION NONUNIFORMITY(5,1)|IRON SEEDING(5,1)|IRON SHIP DISTRIBUTION(5,1)|LEISURELY TURNING(5,1)|OCEAN BUOY(5,1)|OCEAN SPREADING(5,1)|PLANKTON MEASUREMENT(5,1)|PRIVATE AGENCY(5,1)|PROJECT APPROVAL(5,1)|VALIDATION REQUIREMENT(5,1)|VALUABLE CREDIT(5,1)|WORLD SYSTEM(5,1)|SEA SURFACE(4,9)|TRACE ELEMENT(4,5)|OPTIMUM PATTERN(4,2)|PREVAILING WIND(4,2)|SEAWATER(4,2)|WIND DIRECTION(4,2)|ACCURATE VALIDATION(4,1)|EUROPEAN CLIMATE EXCHANGE(4,1)|FERTILIZER UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION(4,1)|NATURAL TRANSVERSE SPREADING(4,1)|OVERLAPPING CIRCLE(4,1)|REALISTIC PATTERN(4,1)|SPREADING EFFORT(4,1)|HOPE(3,2)|AIR DISPERSAL(3,1)|AIRCRAFT ABILITY(3,1)|ALLOWING CARBON(3,1)|CARBON POLLUTER(3,1)|DISPERSION MEDIUM(3,1)|DISTRIBUTION TRACK(3,1)|EVIDENCE PROPOSITION(3,1)|FINITE DURATION(3,1)|FLOATING VESSEL(3,1)|IRON ION(3,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZED AREA(3,1)|PLANKTON BLOOM DEGREE(3,1)|PLANKTON BLOOM EFFECT EVIDENCE(3,1)|PROSCRIBED TRACK SPACING(3,1)|SPIRAL PATTERN(3,1)|AIR SEEDING(2,1)|AIRCRAFT TURNING RADIUS(2,1)|APPROVED PLAN(2,1)|AREA FERTILIZATION(2,1)|BUOY DATA(2,1)|CANTORC02E(2,1)|CDM CARBON PROJECT(2,1)|COMPENSATION(2,1)|CONTRACT(2,1)|DISSOLUTION RATE(2,1)|DRY POWDER(2,1)|ELIMINATION(2,1)|EUROPEAN ENERGY EXCHANGE(2,1)|FALSIFICATION(2,1)| | (US20110282773)|What is claimed is:|1. A method of acquiring a monetizable credit for sequestration of carbon from an agency authorized to issue the credit for distributing a plankton-growth fertilizer to a body of water from an airborne craft, the plankton growth fertilizer including iron, the method including,| providing evidence to the agency of successful fertilization and carbon sequestration by delivery of the fertilizer to a body of water from the air, the evidence including data indicative of fertilizer distribution by air and data indicative of an increase in plankton in the region of the distribution, and| obtaining credit for carbon sequestration.|2. The method of claim 1 which further comprises:| outfitting an aircraft from which to distribute a plankton-growth fertilizer by providing on the aircraft:| a dry composition that is, or can be used to make, a fertilizer for application to a body of water, the composition including iron in a form that is, or can be converted into, a biologically useful form usable for fertilization,| an apparatus for dispersing the fertilizer from the aircraft,| an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and| an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water; and| providing to the agency data obtained from the apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied.|3. The method of outfitting an aircraft to distribute a plankton-growth fertilizer, by providing on the aircraft:| a composition that is, or can be used to make, a fertilizer for application to a body of water, the composition including iron in a form that is, or can be converted into, a biologically useful form usable for fertilization,| an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and| an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water.|4. The method of claim 2 where the fertilizer comprises chelated iron sulfate.|5. The method of claim 2 where the fertilizer comprises iron in a Metal Organic Framework.|6. The method of claim 1 where an apparatus for monitoring dispersion of the fertilizer from the air collects and stores dispersion data, the dispersion data including distribution rate of the fertilizer, aircraft location, aircraft elevation, and aircraft speed.|7. The method of claim 6 comprising presenting the dispersion data to the agency to validate that the application of fertilizer took place in a manner approved by the agency.|8. The method of claim 6 where the apparatus for monitoring dispersal, the apparatus for dispersing and the apparatus for verifying dispersal are present as one, two or three separate devices.|9. The method of claim 2 where the aircraft includes apparatus for collecting data representing local wind and local water current.|10. The method of claim 2 where the apparatus for verifying application of fertilizer includes apparatus to receive signals from buoys that indicate the presence of iron or trace elements distributed on the ocean surface.|11. The method of claim 2 where the apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of fertilizer includes apparatus for receiving and processing signals from buoys floating with currents, the buoys communicating their location on the surface water, and providing a signal for adjusting one or more of aircraft course, speed, or altitude for optimum fertilizer dispersal in the presence of a current.|12. The method of claim 2 in which the aircraft is provided with means to control the aircraft to disperse the fertilizer in a controlled pattern designed for uniformity of distribution of the iron fertilizer on the surface of the ocean.|13. The method of claim 12 where the pattern oriented roughly perpendicular to the local wind direction.|14. The method of claim 12 where the pattern includes dispersal as the aircraft is flown at varying elevations.|15. The method of claim 14 in which the pattern includes dispersal at lower elevations at the edges of the pattern, for ease of validation of the plankton bloom.|16. The method of claim 12 where the pattern of dispersal is includes overlapping tracks.|17. The method of claim 1 where the credit for carbon sequestration is payment from a registered carbon trading market.|18. The method of claim 1 where the credit is a direct payment for services, and the agency is a governmental agency or a corporate entity.|19. The method of claim 1 where the credit is an authorization for a tax benefit from a governmental agency or taxing authority.|20. The method of claim 1 where the credit is an authorization to emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.|21. The method of claim 17 where the credit is in the form of an electronic payment. | (US20110282773)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to sequestering carbon by fertilizing a body of water, e.g., to enhance ocean plankton photosynthesis, to methods for efficient stimulation by fertilizing with iron, and to methods for accounting and monetizing the sequestration.|BACKGROUND|[0002] One way to reduce the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to sequester carbon in a manner to remove it from the atmosphere, and lock it up for a significant period of time (e.g. plant a forest). This is called carbon sequestration, and is currently the subject of the world's “carbon trading markets”, whereby credits for carbon sequestration are purchased by carbon polluters, as offsets. This market-based approach to carbon sequestration is large and growing.|[0003] One carbon sequestration technique is Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF)—(see refs 1,2). There have been several scientific experiments conducted to date by various world organizations, which have demonstrated the efficacy of the effect. This work in documented, for example in references 1 and 2 which are incorporated in this application by reference.|[0004] OIF is based on the recognition that some areas of the ocean are deficient in iron, but have sufficient other nutrients to support life—so called high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) areas—which are well documented (ref 1). In these HNLC areas, the growth of photo plankton is limited by this scarcity of iron, and it has been shown that introducing iron in the proper form and via a proper method can cause significant growth of plankton, some of which eventually is sequestered in the deep ocean through a variety of mechanisms.|[0005] The amount of iron needed for effective fertilization is very small. Ideally, this iron is introduced in a manner that spreads it uniformly across the surface, in a form that persists in the upper photic ocean layer (doesn't sink). Also, the biological response to the fertilization should happen quickly, to aid in tracking the plankton bloom for validation of sequestration.|[0006] There are various mechanisms to encourage carbon sequestration. In one mechanism carbon credits may be issued by an agency, such as a government agency, an international agency, a private agency, or an agency with aspects of one or more of the above. The agency is authorized to provide carbon credits to entities that can establish that they (or their agents) have engaged in activities that sequester carbon. Such activities can be prescribed in advance, and can include enhancing photosynthesis on land or sea.|[0007] The carbon credits can be in any form that has value to the entities who have engaged in such activities. In addition to direct monetary payment, the credits can include tax benefits or other valuable credits that the agency is authorized to provide. Any other monitizable form of providing a valuable right to the entity that sequesters carbon can be used.|SUMMARY|[0008] In one aspect the invention features methods of acquiring a monitizable credit to be provided to entities which sequester carbon. The credits are provided by any agency authorized to issue the credit for distributing a plankton-growth fertilizer to a body of water. In particular, the agency provides carbon credits to entities that provide verification of distribution of a plankton growth fertilizer including iron to a body of water. The entity provides evidence to the agency of successful fertilization and carbon sequestration by delivery of the fertilizer to a body of water from the air, and the agency then provides the entity a monitizable credit for carbon sequestration.|[0009] In a second aspect, the invention features outfitting an aircraft to distribute a plankton-growth fertilizer, by providing on the aircraft:|[0010] a composition that is, or can be used to make, a fertilizer for application to a body of water, the composition including iron in a form that is, or can be converted into, a biologically useful form usable for fertilization,|[0011] an apparatus for dispersing the dispersal of the fertilizer from the aircraft,|[0012] an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and|[0013] an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water.|[0014] It is a particular feature of the invention that the data described herein may be stored on computers, read by computers, and transmitted in computer-readable formats. Computers can enhance security through the use of well-known means of preventing, or at least recording, alteration of the data so stored. For example the data may be stored on remote servers that are secure. The data may be retrieved and displayed on a computer monitor. The agency authorized to issue credits may impose such requirements.|[0015] In preferred embodiments, the fertilizer comprises chelated iron sulfate. Alternatively the iron is included in a Metal Organic Framework (MOF). For example one or more iron ions are stably caged within an organic molecule. The apparatus for monitoring dispersion of the fertilizer from the air is an apparatus that can collect and store data regarding the distribution rate of the fertilizer, aircraft location, aircraft elevation, and aircraft speed. These data are or can be converted to a form to be presented to the agency to validate that the application of fertilizer took place in a manner approved by the agency. The various apparatus outfitted on the aircraft—e.g., the apparatus for monitoring dispersal, the apparatus for dispersing and the apparatus for verifying dispersal—may be present as one device or as separate devices.|[0016] Also in preferred embodiments, the aircraft includes apparatus for collecting data representing local wind and data representing local water current and these data are integrated with the apparatus and algorithm for controlling dispersion of the fertilizer. The apparatus for verifying application of fertilizer includes apparatus to receive signals from buoys that indicate the presence of iron or trace elements distributed on the ocean surface, and/or apparatus for determining the presence or concentration of plankton. The apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of fertilizer may include apparatus for receiving and processing signals from buoys, floating with the currents, which communicate a location on the surface water, and to provide a signal for adjusting one or more of the aircraft's operating parameters, including course, speed, or altitude for optimum fertilizer dispersal in the presence of a current.|[0017] The aircraft is provided with means to control the aircraft to disperse the fertilizer in a controlled pattern designed for uniformity of distribution of the iron fertilizer on the surface of the ocean. While any pattern (perpendicular, parallel or in between) may provide an effect, it is preferable that the pattern may be oriented roughly perpendicular to the local wind direction. The pattern preferably may be within (+/−) 60 degrees of perpendicular, and is more preferably within 30 degrees of perpendicular. The pattern preferably includes dispersal as the aircraft is flown at varying elevations, and it includes dispersal at lower elevations at the edges of the pattern, for ease of validation of the plankton bloom. Also preferably, the pattern of dispersal may include overlapping tracks.|[0018] The credit for carbon sequestration is payment from a registered carbon trading market. It may be a direct payment for services (e.g. in the form of an electronic payment), and the agency is a governmental agency or a corporate entity. The credit may also be authorization for a tax benefit from a governmental agency or taxing authority. Alternatively the credit may be authorization to emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The actual seeding is conducted in the open ocean, outside the jurisdiction of any particular country.|[0019] In order to acquire carbon credits in a particular carbon market, a project must first be proposed and approved by an agent for that market. As part of this project approval, the proposed evidence of the actual dispersion of the iron and evidence of the plankton bloom effect, and evidence of sequestration, has to be presented to the appropriate regulatory or approval agency.|[0020] This evidence will have two forms, the first being evidence that the iron was actually distributed from the aircraft according to the approved plan, and the second that the growth of plankton was actually seen in the ocean. The first form of this documentation will require a device to meter the amount of iron distributed per unit time, along with documentation of the location of the aircraft, the elevation, and the date and time of application. Alternative or additional documentation includes measurements of iron levels in the water and/or measurements of plankton to which can be compared before and after seeding. This information will have to be recorded in a way that is immune to falsification.|[0021] The second form of this documentation will involve some methods and processes that are not a subject of this invention (such as local sensing with buoys or sediment traps or underwater vehicles, and/or remote sensing from space based satellites. Such sensing can directly or indirectly provide evidence as described above.|[0022] The efficacy of the result of air-based fertilization is very much influenced by the pattern flown for distribution of the iron. Since the iron fertilizer carrying capacity of the aircraft is the limiting factor in its ability to seed, the effectiveness of the pattern, and the elimination of the high “overkill ratio” of iron, as is used from shipboard is necessary for low cost and high effectiveness.|[0023] In order to obtain this efficient mixing and distribution, it is also an advantage to distribute the iron roughly perpendicular to the prevailing surface winds. This allows the to pattern of iron to precipitate and be born “downwind” to cover the surface more lightly (FIG. 5). The optimum pattern to be flown is a function of the local winds, the precise form of iron used, the details of the dispersal medium (dry or wet), the details of the distribution nozzle, the actual distribution rate, the degree of overlap desired, and the “overkill ratio” planned to cover uncertainties. These details may be part of the application to, and the validation requirements of, the regulatory body.|[0024] For accurate validation, the seeded pattern preferably should include a clear definition of the edges of the seeded ocean area. Uncertainty in this definition will decrease the value of the carbon credits. To minimize this uncertainty, the pattern of distribution may be modified, such that the elevation of the seeding aircraft at the edges of the pattern is lower, and hence the uncertainty of the location of the iron on the ocean is also lower (see FIG. 3, 4). Inside the pattern, away from the edges, it is an advantage to distribute the iron from higher elevations, and allow mixing from different distribution tracks. In fact, overlapping tracks is an effective way to reduce the non-uniformity of the iron distribution. In practice, the monitoring of effective distribution may involve the use of additional sensors that will sense the presence of trace elements mixed with the iron fertilizer.|[0025] Finally, the iron can be in several forms. All tests to date have used a form of iron, which is chelated by mixing iron sulfate with hydrochloric acid. The iron sulfate is mixed with the acid and forms slurry, which may be further mixed with seawater and pumped overboard from a ship or floating vessel. This is also an acceptable approach for distribution from an aircraft, although the amount of water needed for effective handling can limit the amount of iron carried on each flight, increasing the cost per unit ocean area of the seeding.|[0026] As second method of distributing the iron involves forming iron into a metal organic framework (MOF). In this form, the iron is bound as a molecule with molecules of carbon, in a framework that may be especially suited for ocean iron fertilization. The advantage of a MOF form is that the iron may be in a dry powder or pelletized form, especially suited for low surface density distribution from an aircraft. In a MOF form, the molecule may also include trace elements for ease in detection, and other features, such as might affect the density or the time for dissolving. In the preferred form, the MOF will have a density very close to that of seawater, so that it does not sink below the photic layer, but rather persist in the upper ocean layer where it can be available to the life forms.|[0027] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.|(US20110282773)|DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0028] FIG. 1 shows a typical pattern for the distribution of iron fertilizer from the air, which would be appropriate if there were no ocean currents. The track spacing is set based on the elevation of the aircraft, the rate of distribution of the fertilizer, and the local winds. The best pattern is to fly roughly perpendicular to the prevailing winds. One of the limits to this pattern is the ability of the aircraft to turn within the proscribed track spacing.|[0029] FIG. 2 shows a more realistic pattern, which allows a more leisurely turning, or track spacing closer than the aircraft turning radius.|[0030] FIG. 3 shows a pattern where the spacing of the tracks at the edges of the pattern is tighter (and the aircraft would be at a lower elevation). This is done to have better definition of the edges for remote tracking.|[0031] FIG. 4 shows a pattern where the track is adjusted for the ocean currents. In this example, ocean buoys are at 4 points, and as the aircraft flies from buoy 1 to 4, the current takes the buoys down current a distance related to strength of the current. In this example, the track is adjusted to keep a fixed distance down current from the reference buoy.|[0032] FIG. 5 shows a typical distribution of fertilizer, as influenced by the surrounding winds. The fertilizer is distributed downwind a distance from the track, which is a function of the wind velocity, the elevation of the aircraft, and the particulate size, mass, and form factor.|[0033] FIG. 6 shows how the distribution by aircraft can yield a fairly uniform distribution of fertilizer on the ocean surface. This compares very favorably to a ship based distribution, where all of the fertilizer is applied in a very small (<100 Meter) strip, centered 2,500 meters or more apart, where the hope is that horizontal mixing will “even out”.|[0034] FIG. 7 shows an aircraft outfitted with an essentially dry fertilizer composition, an apparatus for dispersing the fertilizer from the aircraft, an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water.|[0035] FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of equipment, which may be located exclusively on an aircraft, located on a combination of an aircraft and a surface vessel, or located remotely (on land) and connected through wireless or satellite communication devices; where the data from the on-aircraft dispersal system is combined with other data from the aircraft, from buoys and/or from other reference sensors, in a data storage device which is necessary for validation that the dispersal process took place as proposed to the regulatory body.|(US20110282773)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0036] The subject of the invention is the acquisition of validated carbon credits, obtained via the ocean iron fertilization process, which includes the spreading of the iron from the air.|[0037] The essential problem that has to be solved is that only a very small amount of iron that is needed per unit ocean surface area. Estimates of the maximum amount or iron that can be effectively used by the plankton is on the order of 3.3 kg/km̂2 (˜0.50 oz/acre). Thus an effective fertilization process will be one where the iron can be lightly and uniformly distributed over the surface of the ocean.|[0038] One of the large disadvantages of a ship-based distribution of iron is that the vessel cannot easily distribute the iron perpendicular to the vessel track. In order to distribute the iron, the vessel has to effectively “mow the ocean”—following a pattern of track spacings that are fairly close together (e.g. 2-5 km), especially relative to the size of the area to be fertilized. Because the ship has no real ability to distribute the fertilizer very far from the vessel track, the process must rely on the “hope” of natural transverse spreading to distribute the fertilizer perpendicular to the vessel's track. In practice, this transverse spreading is very inefficient, and it must happen before the fertilizer sinks below the photic layer. To counter this horizontal spreading uncertainty, ship based spreading efforts often use an “overkill ratio”—spreading much more fertilizer than biologically necessary (up to 20 x ). This uncertainty of application makes it difficult to precisely measure or predict the amount of biological life generated, as sampling from fixed points may not be representative of the entire fertilized area.|[0039] Another issue that is unique to ocean spreading is the existence of significant ocean currents. In the areas of interest, ocean currents may be on the order of as much as 10 Km/hr. This is a significant source of uncertainty, especially for ship-based seeding approaches. The presence of these ocean currents, which may be significant relative to the ship speed, makes the actual ship tracks very difficult to determine, resulting in a high likelihood of under or over fertilization.|[0040] Thus, there are two significant advantages of air-based seeding—the elevation of the distribution source assures a more even distribution over the ocean surface, the elevation can increase the track spacing significantly, and the speed of the aircraft is less affected by ocean waves or currents than a ship based approach.|[0041] Properly done, with the correct form of iron, one aircraft can carry and spread sufficient iron (˜30 tons) to properly fertilize a 100 km x 100 km patch, and distribute it in one mission (˜12 hours). This allows the iron to be distributed quickly, in an available “weather window”, with proper uniformity|[0042] One way to address the uncertainty caused by ocean currents is to have an airspeed that is large relative to the track spacing. For example, with a 100 km track, and a 400 km/hr air speed, the turn-around uncertainty to the starting point is roughly 4 km. This is still very large, as the track spacing may be on the order of 5-10 km. However, knowing the local currents, this error may be approximated, and the track corrected for the effects of ocean currents.|[0043] A second way to address this uncertainty is to employ a number of reference buoys, which will float with the current. These buoys would be dropped at known points in the seeded area, and used to calculate the optimum spreading pattern. The use of these buoys to assist the spreading accuracy is one of the subjects of the invention. These buoys may also have sensors that will detect the presence of iron, or other trace elements, which are added to the fertilizer to validate distribution effectiveness.|[0044] In order to spread the iron effectively, and to document the process for eventual acquisition of carbon credits, the aircraft will need a device to mix, meter, and spray the iron. This device will measure (at a minimum) location, elevation, air speed, and spray rate. Other information may also be included and logged (e.g. weather and current data, sensor or buoy data). The data logging and the device will be secure from tampering or false entries. This device will be located onboard the aircraft. The device may be a collection of separate devices that together affect the same purpose. The information provided by this device is used to validate the seeding actually took place as planned, for the purpose of acquiring the carbon credits.|[0045] The material used for fertilization may be chelated iron sulfate and water, which while not particularly suited for air seeding due to the amount of water that must be included, is the current standard (see ref 9). The iron also may be in a form of a Metal Organic Framework (MOF), wherein the iron is bonded with carbon and other elements to provide a framework with specific features. These features may include a density that keeps the MOF in the upper surface of the water column, a dissolution rate that allows for a “time release” of the iron over a period of time (e.g a few days to a few months), and the inclusion of trace elements for ease in tracking the iron. This MOF framework yields a very small particle size, with a lot of surface area, allowing the iron to be available to the plankton in the proper form. The size of these particles may be on the order of <0.1 mm, lower than the range specified in (ref 5). In addition, the aspect ratio of these MOFs is significantly less than the 1/10, as specified in (ref 5)|[0046] The actual seeding of the iron, in whatever form, has to respect the environmental conditions at the place of seeding, to assure both uniform distribution, and to maximize the efficiency and minimize the cost (because of the limitations of carrying capacity and finite duration of the aircraft mission). Much like the ship-based spreading optimized spreading pattern, (ref 8), there are optimum patterns for this air-based dispersal.|[0047] The optimum pattern (see FIGS. 1-4) may involve flying dispersal paths roughly perpendicular to the prevailing winds, and overlapping the pattern to allow for the uncertainty of the actual precipitation on the ocean surface. Because of the need for validation of the seeding effectiveness, the edges of the seeded pattern on the ocean surface are especially important. The pattern flown may be optimized to include passes over the target area of varying elevations, especially with lower elevations at the edges of the pattern, and higher elevations over the mid portions of the pattern.|[0048] It may be necessary to provide data and evidence of successful application of fertilizer, the biological response and the sequestration result can be presented to the appropriate agency, and credits successfully obtained. That the application of the iron was conducted according to plan may be validated with the data from the on-board device, and by data from other methods that are generally well understood, including methods of measuring the degree of plankton bloom. The result of the seeding effort is a report that allows acquisition of carbon credits, and payments therefore.|[0049] “Currently there are five exchanges trading in carbon allowances: the Chicago Climate Exchange, European Climate Exchange, Nord Pool, PowerNext and the European Energy Exchange. Recently, NordPool listed a contract to trade offsets generated by a CDM carbon project called Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Many companies now engage in emissions abatement, offsetting, and sequestration programs to generate credits that can be sold on one of the exchanges. At least one private electronic market has been established in 2008: CantorCO2e.” (ref 14).|[0050] In FIG. 7a, the aircraft is shown in section with apparatus for dispersing an essentially dry fertilizer such as iron in an MOF form, or a pre-mixed wet fertilizer. The apparatus can be obtained by purchase of standard parts, and arranged in a manner that the flow rate of the material through the dispersing nozzle is accurately controlled and measured. In FIG. 7b, the aircraft is shown with multiple tanks, as would be needed for dispersal of a wet fertilizer that is formulated on board the aircraft.|[0051] In FIG. 8, the aircraft includes an apparatus for dispersing the fertilizer from the aircraft, an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water. Appropriate devices for this purpose can be obtained by purchase of standard parts, and arranged in a manner that the flow rate of the material through the dispersing nozzle is accurately controlled and measured, and the information on the position, elevation and speed of the aircraft is simultaneously collected, and information on the relative position of the aircraft and the fertilized area of the ocean is also collected. In addition, other data, such as local wind speed and direction, current speed and direction may also be collected to assist in the documentation and validation of the fertilization activity.|[0052] A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the form of payment for the sequestration may take many forms, including checks, cash, or electronic payments. Payments may be made in a variety of countries, and may be both direct payments from a market, or a tax credit in some form (refs 14-20). There are many variations of the patterns that may be flown to accomplish the desired results, including spiral patterns, overlapping circles, etc.|[0053] Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. | (US20110282773)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to sequestering carbon by fertilizing a body of water, e.g., to enhance ocean plankton photosynthesis, to methods for efficient stimulation by fertilizing with iron, and to methods for accounting and monetizing the sequestration.|BACKGROUND|[0002] One way to reduce the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to sequester carbon in a manner to remove it from the atmosphere, and lock it up for a significant period of time (e.g. plant a forest). This is called carbon sequestration, and is currently the subject of the world's “carbon trading markets”, whereby credits for carbon sequestration are purchased by carbon polluters, as offsets. This market-based approach to carbon sequestration is large and growing.|[0003] One carbon sequestration technique is Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF)—(see refs 1,2). There have been several scientific experiments conducted to date by various world organizations, which have demonstrated the efficacy of the effect. This work in documented, for example in references 1 and 2 which are incorporated in this application by reference.|[0004] OIF is based on the recognition that some areas of the ocean are deficient in iron, but have sufficient other nutrients to support life—so called high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) areas—which are well documented (ref 1). In these HNLC areas, the growth of photo plankton is limited by this scarcity of iron, and it has been shown that introducing iron in the proper form and via a proper method can cause significant growth of plankton, some of which eventually is sequestered in the deep ocean through a variety of mechanisms.|[0005] The amount of iron needed for effective fertilization is very small. Ideally, this iron is introduced in a manner that spreads it uniformly across the surface, in a form that persists in the upper photic ocean layer (doesn't sink). Also, the biological response to the fertilization should happen quickly, to aid in tracking the plankton bloom for validation of sequestration.|[0006] There are various mechanisms to encourage carbon sequestration. In one mechanism carbon credits may be issued by an agency, such as a government agency, an international agency, a private agency, or an agency with aspects of one or more of the above. The agency is authorized to provide carbon credits to entities that can establish that they (or their agents) have engaged in activities that sequester carbon. Such activities can be prescribed in advance, and can include enhancing photosynthesis on land or sea.|[0007] The carbon credits can be in any form that has value to the entities who have engaged in such activities. In addition to direct monetary payment, the credits can include tax benefits or other valuable credits that the agency is authorized to provide. Any other monitizable form of providing a valuable right to the entity that sequesters carbon can be used.|SUMMARY|[0008] In one aspect the invention features methods of acquiring a monitizable credit to be provided to entities which sequester carbon. The credits are provided by any agency authorized to issue the credit for distributing a plankton-growth fertilizer to a body of water. In particular, the agency provides carbon credits to entities that provide verification of distribution of a plankton growth fertilizer including iron to a body of water. The entity provides evidence to the agency of successful fertilization and carbon sequestration by delivery of the fertilizer to a body of water from the air, and the agency then provides the entity a monitizable credit for carbon sequestration.|[0009] In a second aspect, the invention features outfitting an aircraft to distribute a plankton-growth fertilizer, by providing on the aircraft:|[0010] a composition that is, or can be used to make, a fertilizer for application to a body of water, the composition including iron in a form that is, or can be converted into, a biologically useful form usable for fertilization,|[0011] an apparatus for dispersing the dispersal of the fertilizer from the aircraft,|[0012] an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and|[0013] an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water.|[0014] It is a particular feature of the invention that the data described herein may be stored on computers, read by computers, and transmitted in computer-readable formats. Computers can enhance security through the use of well-known means of preventing, or at least recording, alteration of the data so stored. For example the data may be stored on remote servers that are secure. The data may be retrieved and displayed on a computer monitor. The agency authorized to issue credits may impose such requirements.|[0015] In preferred embodiments, the fertilizer comprises chelated iron sulfate. Alternatively the iron is included in a Metal Organic Framework (MOF). For example one or more iron ions are stably caged within an organic molecule. The apparatus for monitoring dispersion of the fertilizer from the air is an apparatus that can collect and store data regarding the distribution rate of the fertilizer, aircraft location, aircraft elevation, and aircraft speed. These data are or can be converted to a form to be presented to the agency to validate that the application of fertilizer took place in a manner approved by the agency. The various apparatus outfitted on the aircraft—e.g., the apparatus for monitoring dispersal, the apparatus for dispersing and the apparatus for verifying dispersal—may be present as one device or as separate devices.|[0016] Also in preferred embodiments, the aircraft includes apparatus for collecting data representing local wind and data representing local water current and these data are integrated with the apparatus and algorithm for controlling dispersion of the fertilizer. The apparatus for verifying application of fertilizer includes apparatus to receive signals from buoys that indicate the presence of iron or trace elements distributed on the ocean surface, and/or apparatus for determining the presence or concentration of plankton. The apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of fertilizer may include apparatus for receiving and processing signals from buoys, floating with the currents, which communicate a location on the surface water, and to provide a signal for adjusting one or more of the aircraft's operating parameters, including course, speed, or altitude for optimum fertilizer dispersal in the presence of a current.|[0017] The aircraft is provided with means to control the aircraft to disperse the fertilizer in a controlled pattern designed for uniformity of distribution of the iron fertilizer on the surface of the ocean. While any pattern (perpendicular, parallel or in between) may provide an effect, it is preferable that the pattern may be oriented roughly perpendicular to the local wind direction. The pattern preferably may be within (+/−) 60 degrees of perpendicular, and is more preferably within 30 degrees of perpendicular. The pattern preferably includes dispersal as the aircraft is flown at varying elevations, and it includes dispersal at lower elevations at the edges of the pattern, for ease of validation of the plankton bloom. Also preferably, the pattern of dispersal may include overlapping tracks.|[0018] The credit for carbon sequestration is payment from a registered carbon trading market. It may be a direct payment for services (e.g. in the form of an electronic payment), and the agency is a governmental agency or a corporate entity. The credit may also be authorization for a tax benefit from a governmental agency or taxing authority. Alternatively the credit may be authorization to emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The actual seeding is conducted in the open ocean, outside the jurisdiction of any particular country.|[0019] In order to acquire carbon credits in a particular carbon market, a project must first be proposed and approved by an agent for that market. As part of this project approval, the proposed evidence of the actual dispersion of the iron and evidence of the plankton bloom effect, and evidence of sequestration, has to be presented to the appropriate regulatory or approval agency.|[0020] This evidence will have two forms, the first being evidence that the iron was actually distributed from the aircraft according to the approved plan, and the second that the growth of plankton was actually seen in the ocean. The first form of this documentation will require a device to meter the amount of iron distributed per unit time, along with documentation of the location of the aircraft, the elevation, and the date and time of application. Alternative or additional documentation includes measurements of iron levels in the water and/or measurements of plankton to which can be compared before and after seeding. This information will have to be recorded in a way that is immune to falsification.|[0021] The second form of this documentation will involve some methods and processes that are not a subject of this invention (such as local sensing with buoys or sediment traps or underwater vehicles, and/or remote sensing from space based satellites. Such sensing can directly or indirectly provide evidence as described above.|[0022] The efficacy of the result of air-based fertilization is very much influenced by the pattern flown for distribution of the iron. Since the iron fertilizer carrying capacity of the aircraft is the limiting factor in its ability to seed, the effectiveness of the pattern, and the elimination of the high “overkill ratio” of iron, as is used from shipboard is necessary for low cost and high effectiveness.|[0023] In order to obtain this efficient mixing and distribution, it is also an advantage to distribute the iron roughly perpendicular to the prevailing surface winds. This allows the to pattern of iron to precipitate and be born “downwind” to cover the surface more lightly (FIG. 5). The optimum pattern to be flown is a function of the local winds, the precise form of iron used, the details of the dispersal medium (dry or wet), the details of the distribution nozzle, the actual distribution rate, the degree of overlap desired, and the “overkill ratio” planned to cover uncertainties. These details may be part of the application to, and the validation requirements of, the regulatory body.|[0024] For accurate validation, the seeded pattern preferably should include a clear definition of the edges of the seeded ocean area. Uncertainty in this definition will decrease the value of the carbon credits. To minimize this uncertainty, the pattern of distribution may be modified, such that the elevation of the seeding aircraft at the edges of the pattern is lower, and hence the uncertainty of the location of the iron on the ocean is also lower (see FIG. 3, 4). Inside the pattern, away from the edges, it is an advantage to distribute the iron from higher elevations, and allow mixing from different distribution tracks. In fact, overlapping tracks is an effective way to reduce the non-uniformity of the iron distribution. In practice, the monitoring of effective distribution may involve the use of additional sensors that will sense the presence of trace elements mixed with the iron fertilizer.|[0025] Finally, the iron can be in several forms. All tests to date have used a form of iron, which is chelated by mixing iron sulfate with hydrochloric acid. The iron sulfate is mixed with the acid and forms slurry, which may be further mixed with seawater and pumped overboard from a ship or floating vessel. This is also an acceptable approach for distribution from an aircraft, although the amount of water needed for effective handling can limit the amount of iron carried on each flight, increasing the cost per unit ocean area of the seeding.|[0026] As second method of distributing the iron involves forming iron into a metal organic framework (MOF). In this form, the iron is bound as a molecule with molecules of carbon, in a framework that may be especially suited for ocean iron fertilization. The advantage of a MOF form is that the iron may be in a dry powder or pelletized form, especially suited for low surface density distribution from an aircraft. In a MOF form, the molecule may also include trace elements for ease in detection, and other features, such as might affect the density or the time for dissolving. In the preferred form, the MOF will have a density very close to that of seawater, so that it does not sink below the photic layer, but rather persist in the upper ocean layer where it can be available to the life forms.|[0027] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.|(US20110282773)|DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0028] FIG. 1 shows a typical pattern for the distribution of iron fertilizer from the air, which would be appropriate if there were no ocean currents. The track spacing is set based on the elevation of the aircraft, the rate of distribution of the fertilizer, and the local winds. The best pattern is to fly roughly perpendicular to the prevailing winds. One of the limits to this pattern is the ability of the aircraft to turn within the proscribed track spacing.|[0029] FIG. 2 shows a more realistic pattern, which allows a more leisurely turning, or track spacing closer than the aircraft turning radius.|[0030] FIG. 3 shows a pattern where the spacing of the tracks at the edges of the pattern is tighter (and the aircraft would be at a lower elevation). This is done to have better definition of the edges for remote tracking.|[0031] FIG. 4 shows a pattern where the track is adjusted for the ocean currents. In this example, ocean buoys are at 4 points, and as the aircraft flies from buoy 1 to 4, the current takes the buoys down current a distance related to strength of the current. In this example, the track is adjusted to keep a fixed distance down current from the reference buoy.|[0032] FIG. 5 shows a typical distribution of fertilizer, as influenced by the surrounding winds. The fertilizer is distributed downwind a distance from the track, which is a function of the wind velocity, the elevation of the aircraft, and the particulate size, mass, and form factor.|[0033] FIG. 6 shows how the distribution by aircraft can yield a fairly uniform distribution of fertilizer on the ocean surface. This compares very favorably to a ship based distribution, where all of the fertilizer is applied in a very small (<100 Meter) strip, centered 2,500 meters or more apart, where the hope is that horizontal mixing will “even out”.|[0034] FIG. 7 shows an aircraft outfitted with an essentially dry fertilizer composition, an apparatus for dispersing the fertilizer from the aircraft, an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water.|[0035] FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of equipment, which may be located exclusively on an aircraft, located on a combination of an aircraft and a surface vessel, or located remotely (on land) and connected through wireless or satellite communication devices; where the data from the on-aircraft dispersal system is combined with other data from the aircraft, from buoys and/or from other reference sensors, in a data storage device which is necessary for validation that the dispersal process took place as proposed to the regulatory body.|(US20110282773)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0036] The subject of the invention is the acquisition of validated carbon credits, obtained via the ocean iron fertilization process, which includes the spreading of the iron from the air.|[0037] The essential problem that has to be solved is that only a very small amount of iron that is needed per unit ocean surface area. Estimates of the maximum amount or iron that can be effectively used by the plankton is on the order of 3.3 kg/km̂2 (˜0.50 oz/acre). Thus an effective fertilization process will be one where the iron can be lightly and uniformly distributed over the surface of the ocean.|[0038] One of the large disadvantages of a ship-based distribution of iron is that the vessel cannot easily distribute the iron perpendicular to the vessel track. In order to distribute the iron, the vessel has to effectively “mow the ocean”—following a pattern of track spacings that are fairly close together (e.g. 2-5 km), especially relative to the size of the area to be fertilized. Because the ship has no real ability to distribute the fertilizer very far from the vessel track, the process must rely on the “hope” of natural transverse spreading to distribute the fertilizer perpendicular to the vessel's track. In practice, this transverse spreading is very inefficient, and it must happen before the fertilizer sinks below the photic layer. To counter this horizontal spreading uncertainty, ship based spreading efforts often use an “overkill ratio”—spreading much more fertilizer than biologically necessary (up to 20 x ). This uncertainty of application makes it difficult to precisely measure or predict the amount of biological life generated, as sampling from fixed points may not be representative of the entire fertilized area.|[0039] Another issue that is unique to ocean spreading is the existence of significant ocean currents. In the areas of interest, ocean currents may be on the order of as much as 10 Km/hr. This is a significant source of uncertainty, especially for ship-based seeding approaches. The presence of these ocean currents, which may be significant relative to the ship speed, makes the actual ship tracks very difficult to determine, resulting in a high likelihood of under or over fertilization.|[0040] Thus, there are two significant advantages of air-based seeding—the elevation of the distribution source assures a more even distribution over the ocean surface, the elevation can increase the track spacing significantly, and the speed of the aircraft is less affected by ocean waves or currents than a ship based approach.|[0041] Properly done, with the correct form of iron, one aircraft can carry and spread sufficient iron (˜30 tons) to properly fertilize a 100 km x 100 km patch, and distribute it in one mission (˜12 hours). This allows the iron to be distributed quickly, in an available “weather window”, with proper uniformity|[0042] One way to address the uncertainty caused by ocean currents is to have an airspeed that is large relative to the track spacing. For example, with a 100 km track, and a 400 km/hr air speed, the turn-around uncertainty to the starting point is roughly 4 km. This is still very large, as the track spacing may be on the order of 5-10 km. However, knowing the local currents, this error may be approximated, and the track corrected for the effects of ocean currents.|[0043] A second way to address this uncertainty is to employ a number of reference buoys, which will float with the current. These buoys would be dropped at known points in the seeded area, and used to calculate the optimum spreading pattern. The use of these buoys to assist the spreading accuracy is one of the subjects of the invention. These buoys may also have sensors that will detect the presence of iron, or other trace elements, which are added to the fertilizer to validate distribution effectiveness.|[0044] In order to spread the iron effectively, and to document the process for eventual acquisition of carbon credits, the aircraft will need a device to mix, meter, and spray the iron. This device will measure (at a minimum) location, elevation, air speed, and spray rate. Other information may also be included and logged (e.g. weather and current data, sensor or buoy data). The data logging and the device will be secure from tampering or false entries. This device will be located onboard the aircraft. The device may be a collection of separate devices that together affect the same purpose. The information provided by this device is used to validate the seeding actually took place as planned, for the purpose of acquiring the carbon credits.|[0045] The material used for fertilization may be chelated iron sulfate and water, which while not particularly suited for air seeding due to the amount of water that must be included, is the current standard (see ref 9). The iron also may be in a form of a Metal Organic Framework (MOF), wherein the iron is bonded with carbon and other elements to provide a framework with specific features. These features may include a density that keeps the MOF in the upper surface of the water column, a dissolution rate that allows for a “time release” of the iron over a period of time (e.g a few days to a few months), and the inclusion of trace elements for ease in tracking the iron. This MOF framework yields a very small particle size, with a lot of surface area, allowing the iron to be available to the plankton in the proper form. The size of these particles may be on the order of <0.1 mm, lower than the range specified in (ref 5). In addition, the aspect ratio of these MOFs is significantly less than the 1/10, as specified in (ref 5)|[0046] The actual seeding of the iron, in whatever form, has to respect the environmental conditions at the place of seeding, to assure both uniform distribution, and to maximize the efficiency and minimize the cost (because of the limitations of carrying capacity and finite duration of the aircraft mission). Much like the ship-based spreading optimized spreading pattern, (ref 8), there are optimum patterns for this air-based dispersal.|[0047] The optimum pattern (see FIGS. 1-4) may involve flying dispersal paths roughly perpendicular to the prevailing winds, and overlapping the pattern to allow for the uncertainty of the actual precipitation on the ocean surface. Because of the need for validation of the seeding effectiveness, the edges of the seeded pattern on the ocean surface are especially important. The pattern flown may be optimized to include passes over the target area of varying elevations, especially with lower elevations at the edges of the pattern, and higher elevations over the mid portions of the pattern.|[0048] It may be necessary to provide data and evidence of successful application of fertilizer, the biological response and the sequestration result can be presented to the appropriate agency, and credits successfully obtained. That the application of the iron was conducted according to plan may be validated with the data from the on-board device, and by data from other methods that are generally well understood, including methods of measuring the degree of plankton bloom. The result of the seeding effort is a report that allows acquisition of carbon credits, and payments therefore.|[0049] “Currently there are five exchanges trading in carbon allowances: the Chicago Climate Exchange, European Climate Exchange, Nord Pool, PowerNext and the European Energy Exchange. Recently, NordPool listed a contract to trade offsets generated by a CDM carbon project called Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Many companies now engage in emissions abatement, offsetting, and sequestration programs to generate credits that can be sold on one of the exchanges. At least one private electronic market has been established in 2008: CantorCO2e.” (ref 14).|[0050] In FIG. 7a, the aircraft is shown in section with apparatus for dispersing an essentially dry fertilizer such as iron in an MOF form, or a pre-mixed wet fertilizer. The apparatus can be obtained by purchase of standard parts, and arranged in a manner that the flow rate of the material through the dispersing nozzle is accurately controlled and measured. In FIG. 7b, the aircraft is shown with multiple tanks, as would be needed for dispersal of a wet fertilizer that is formulated on board the aircraft.|[0051] In FIG. 8, the aircraft includes an apparatus for dispersing the fertilizer from the aircraft, an apparatus for monitoring the dispersal of the fertilizer to a body of water, and an apparatus for verifying that the fertilizer has been applied to a body of water. Appropriate devices for this purpose can be obtained by purchase of standard parts, and arranged in a manner that the flow rate of the material through the dispersing nozzle is accurately controlled and measured, and the information on the position, elevation and speed of the aircraft is simultaneously collected, and information on the relative position of the aircraft and the fertilized area of the ocean is also collected. In addition, other data, such as local wind speed and direction, current speed and direction may also be collected to assist in the documentation and validation of the fertilization activity.|[0052] A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the form of payment for the sequestration may take many forms, including checks, cash, or electronic payments. Payments may be made in a variety of countries, and may be both direct payments from a market, or a tax credit in some form (refs 14-20). There are many variations of the patterns that may be flown to accomplish the desired results, including spiral patterns, overlapping circles, etc.|[0053] Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. | Family Number|(44369763)|44369763|Object of Invention|(US20110282773 A1)|The subject of the invention is the acquisition of validated carbon credits, obtained via the ocean iron fertilization process, which includes the spreading of the iron from the air.| | Food chemistry|IT methods for management|Other special machines | C05D-009/02|G06Q-040/04|G06Q-099/00|Y02P-060/20 | C05D-009/02|G06Q-040/04|G06Q-099/00|Y02P-060/20 | A01G-007/00|A01H-013/00|G06Q-040/00|G06Q-090/00|G06Q-099/00 | A01G-007/00|A01H-013/00|G06Q-040/00|G06Q-090/00|G06Q-099/00 | PCLO=705037000|PCLX=705500000|PCLX=705001100 | PCLO=705037000 PCLX=705500000 PCLX=705001100 | CN109413996|US20230225300|US12599116 | CN109413996 78061798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20230225300 105710193 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US12599116 105710193 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | US20100154298|US20100284749|US20090227161|US20070028848|US20030012691|US20090118859|US6799740|US20040161364 | US20100154298 43843314 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y CAT=P|US20100284749 44294000 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y CAT=P|US20090227161 43797922 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US20070028848 62127156 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US20030012691 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US20090118859 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US6799740 43385763 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20040161364 43992227 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=102 | US20090227161; US20070028848; US20030012691; US20100284749; US20100154298|US20040161364; US6799740; US20090118859 | LAPSED | (US20110282773)|LAPSED|(WO2011/143375)|LAPSED | DEAD | (US20110282773)|DEAD|(WO2011/143375)|DEAD | (US20110282773)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US20110282773|Actual or expected expiration date=2012-09-10|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2010-05-13|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US12779473|Application date=2010-05-13|Standardized application number=2010US-12779473|Event publication date=2010-05-13|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:KELLEY, HEIDI RIVIERE|Event publication date=2010-05-13|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=3689|Event publication date=2010-05-13|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: 26622-0002001|Event publication date=2010-05-13|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 26161|Event publication date=2010-05-13|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2010-05-13|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=No|Event publication date=2010-05-13|Event code=US/PGPNP|Event group=Administrative notifications|PGPubs nonPub Request|Event publication date=2010-05-28|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2010-05-28|Event code=US/INCD|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice Mailed--Application Incomplete--Filing Date Assigned|Event publication date=2010-07-22|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:GRAY, LESLIE MORGAN, III|Reel/frame:024726/0147|OWNER:MORGAN GROUP LLC, RHODE ISLAND|Effective date of the event=2010-07-09|Event publication date=2010-07-22|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2010-07-30|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|Event publication date=2010-07-30|Event code=US/RECEIPTUP|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt - Updated|Event publication date=2010-08-31|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2011-05-11|Event code=US/RESC|Event group=Examination events|Rescind Nonpublication Request for Pre Grant Publication|Event publication date=2011-08-23|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2011-10-18|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2011-11-17|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20110282773|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2011-11-17|Standardized publication number=US20110282773|Event publication date=2011-11-17|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2011-12-15|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2012-02-27|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2012-03-02|Event code=US/101NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 101 - subject matter not patentable|RJD=2012-03-02|R4R=101|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-21|Event publication date=2012-03-02|Event code=US/102NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 102 - non-novel subject matter in claims|RJD=2012-03-02|R4R=102b|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-5, 7, 8, 12 and 17-21|RJCT=US20040161364|Event publication date=2012-03-02|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2012-03-02|R4R=103a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 6, 9, and 13-16; 10 and 11|RJCT=US6799740|RJCT=US20090118859|Event publication date=2012-09-10|Event code=US/ABNOA|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force OAO|Abandoned -- Failure to Respond to an Office Action|(WO2011/143375)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2011/143375|Actual or expected expiration date=2013-11-13|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2011-05-12|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOUS2011/036169|Application date=2011-05-12|Standardized application number=2011WO-US36169|Event publication date=2011-11-17|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2011/143375|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2011-11-17|Standardized publication number=WO2011143375|Event publication date=2013-11-13|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2012-11-13|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2012-11-13|Event code=WO/NENP|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Non-entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2013-06-05|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP Corresponding appl: EP11781250|Event publication date=2012-01-11|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2013-06-05|Event code=WO/122|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|EP: PCT app. not ent. europ. phase|EP: PCT anmeldung nicht in europaeische phase eingetreten|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP | (WO2011/143375)|ARIPO: GH, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2011/143375)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2011/143375)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2011/143375)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2011/143375)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, BH, JP, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, ST, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PE, PG, PH, PL | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=lOckPE/DvcOxoRVBIHsdFE7S5CYuDst7JjY7t3dG27jB3cyffD7Soc3HTZ4K3xLA34T3rrXcRGc=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US20110282773&ekey=1420&xpn=US20110282773&kind=A1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/12779473/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=%252F%252FipFgE1V2VDqv3yXJBUVMRHIQdPpfyajIQBIFKxQPE%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO2011/143375)|US | (WO2011/143375)|NAME=MORGAN GROUP LLC 125 Poppasquash Road Bristol, Rhode Island 02809 , COUNTRY=US | (WO2011/143375)|US | (WO2011/143375)|NAME=FREEMAN, John W. Fish & Richardson P.C. P.O. Box 1022 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1022 , POSTCODE=55440-1022 , COUNTRY=US | (US20110282773)|US|(WO2011/143375)|US | (US20110282773)|NAME=Gray, III Leslie Morgan, CITY=Bristol, STATE=RI , COUNTRY=US|(WO2011/143375)|NAME=GRAY III, Leslie Morgan 125 Poppasquash Road Bristol, Rhode Island 02809, POSTCODE=02809, COUNTRY=US | yes | 8.0 | 2.0 | (WO2011/143375)|2|(US20110282773)|2 | (WO2011/143375)|19|(US20110282773)|19 | (US20110282773)|21|(WO2011/143375)|21 | 1.0 | 12.0 | 2.0 | (WO2011/143375)|8|(US20110282773)|8 | 1.0 | 2.0 | (US20110282773)|Number of Claims: NCL=21|Number of Drawings: NDR=6|Number of Figures: NFG=8|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,3|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1||(WO2011/143375)|Number of Claims: NCL=21|Extended kind: EXTK=x| | (US20110282773)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US20110282773)|Patent|(WO2011143375)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | CN202510124486 | CN202510124486 | CN119931839 | 114445536 | CN119931839 A 2025-05-06 [CN119931839] | 2025-01-26 | 2025-01-26 | 2025-05-06 | (CN119931839)|2045-01-26 | (CN119931839)|Method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of diatom in water body and pH of water body | (CN119931839)|The invention discloses a method for improving the carbon sequestration efficiency of diatom in a water body and the pH value of the water body, and relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide sequestration. The method comprises the following steps: adding a mixed mineral consisting of an aluminosilicate mineral and an iron magnesium silicate mineral into the diatom-containing water body, and culturing. The aluminosilicate mineral disclosed by the invention can be dissolved in a water body and release a Si nutrient element required by diatom growth, and meanwhile, the released Al element can enter diatom shells so as to inhibit dissolution of the diatom shells. The iron-magnesium silicate minerals can be dissolved in water and release nutrient elements such as Si, Mg and Fe, so that diatom breeding is promoted. Moreover, both the aluminosilicate minerals and the iron magnesium silicate minerals have certain surface adsorption specificity, so that the aluminosilicate minerals and the iron magnesium silicate minerals are flocculated with the diatom and the sedimentation of flocculates is accelerated, thereby increasing the amount of the flocculates deposited to the water bottom, improving the carbon sequestration efficiency and synchronously increasing the pH value of seawater. Therefore, acidification of water bodies such as seawater is inhibited while the carbon sequestration amount of the water bodies is increased. | GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY | (CN119931839)|GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ([CN]) | YUAN PENG|LIU DONG|YAN WEI|YU RONGDA | (CN119931839)|YUAN PENG|LIU DONG|YAN WEI|YU RONGDA | (CN119931839)|SUN HONGYAN;CHOFN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY|Reg. Nb: 11463 | (CN119931839)|From the data of examples 8 to 9, it can be seen that the variation of the addition amount of the mixed minerals resulted in some variation of the content of the granular organic carbon, the sedimentation rate and the pH of the water body of the Chaetoceros and the sea chain algae, but the addition amounts within the scope of the present invention all had good effects.|The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.|According to the invention, the aluminosilicate mineral is limited to have higher specific surface area, and has good surface adsorption specificity, so that the aluminosilicate mineral and diatom flocculate and accelerate the settling of the flocculate, thereby increasing the amount of the aluminosilicate mineral deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency.|However, the OIF experimental results show that although iron fertilization improves the outbreak of plankton such as diatom, the vertical carbon output to the deep sea is not remarkably enhanced, and most of organic carbon carried by diatom is lost due to death, shell dissolution or organic matter decomposition of diatom during sedimentation (Joo-Eun Yoon et al ,Reviews and syntheses:Ocean iron fertilization experiments-past,present,and future looking to a future Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean(KIFES)project,Biogeosciences,2018). has recently been researched (Zhou Linbin et al, iron-aluminum hypothesis and marine aluminum fertilization and exchange enhancement potential are expected, tropical marine report, 2023), and the addition of dissolved aluminum to a water body can enhance the carbon fixation of upper-layer marine phytoplankton and reduce the decomposition rate of biogenic carbon, improve the efficiency of marine pump, and increase the output and sequestration of carbon to the deep sea.|Mainly because diatom photosynthesis consumes bicarbonate in water, the concentration of the bicarbonate in the water is reduced, so that the duration of large-scale diatom erection cannot be ensured, and the purposes of improving the biomass and the carbon sequestration of diatoms are difficult to achieve.| | (CN119931839)|1. A method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of diatom in a water body, comprising applying a mixed mineral consisting of aluminosilicate mineral and ferromagnesian silicate mineral to a water body containing diatom, and culturing.| | (CN119931839)|The invention aims to provide a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in water and pH of the water.|The invention discloses a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in a water body and pH of the water body, and relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide fixation.|The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide fixation, in particular to a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in water and pH of the water.| | (CN119931839)|WATER BODY(100,58)|ALUMINOSILICATE MINERAL(100,37)|CARBON FIXATION(100,27)|DIATOM PH(100,5)|TROPICAL MARINE REPORT(67,1)|PLANKTON OUTBREAK(64,1)|DIATOM PHOTOSYNTHESIS(59,1)|MARINE ALUMINUM FERTILIZATION(54,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(54,1)|DIATOM(53,46)|FERROMAGNESIAN SILICATE MINERAL(49,5)|ADSORPTION SPECIFICITY(44,5)|ALUMINOSILICATE MINERAL POWDER(42,6)|DIATOM CARBON SEQUESTRATION(40,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION(39,2)|MINERAL MIX(38,19)|DIATOM ERECTION(38,3)|SHELL DISSOLUTION(38,1)|FERRIMAGICAL SILICATE MINERAL POWDER(36,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(35,12)|DIATOM ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION(34,1)|IRON MAGNESIUM SILICATE MINERAL(33,37)|BIOGENIC CARBON(33,1)|FRESHWATER DIATOM(32,3)|DIATOM PROPAGATION(31,4)|ENHANCEMENT POTENTIAL(30,1)|RELEASE SI NUTRIENT(29,2)|SETTLING(28,2)|IRON ALUMINUM HYPOTHESIS(27,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(25,5)|DIATOM SPECIES(25,4)|BICARBONATE(24,4)|DISC VIBRATION MILL(24,3)|ALUMINUM DISSOLUTION(24,1)|SEDIMENTATION(24,1)|DECOMPOSITION(23,1)|RELEASE NUTRIENT(21,4)|OIF EXPERIMENTAL RESULT(21,1)|ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION(21,1)|ILLUMINATION INTENSITY(20,4)|CULTIVATION CONDITION(20,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION(20,1)|DIATOM CONTENT(19,3)|WATER BODY PH(18,7)|LARGE SCALE DIATOM ERECTION(18,1)|OLIVINE(17,25)|SURFACE ADSORPTION SPECIFICITY(17,5)|DEATH(17,1)|UPPER LAYER MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(17,1)|BIOMASS(16,3)|NAVICULAR ALGAE SILICEOUS SKELETON(16,1)|DIATOM BIOMASS(15,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE(15,3)|MARINE PUMP(15,1)|GRINDING(14,7)|ALUMINOSILICATE MINERAL RANGE(14,3)|DIATOM ALGAE WATER BODY(14,1)|ORGANIC CARBON GRANULE(13,6)|WEATHERING RATE(13,5)|RELEASED AL(13,4)|FLOCCULE SETTLING(13,3)|OIF EXPERIMENTAL RESULT SHOW(13,1)|KAOLINITE(12,5)|PYROXENE(12,5)|SEA(11,8)|ALGAE(11,6)|ILLITE(11,6)|ALUMINOSILICATE MASS RATIO(11,3)|DIATOM DISSOLUTION(11,2)|CARBON FIXING(10,4)|FERRIMAGNESIUM SILICATE MINERAL(10,3)|WATER BOTTOM(9,5)|CHAETOCERO GRANULAR ORGANIC CARBON(9,4)|HAICHOW ALGAE(9,2)|CULTURE NAVICULAR ALGAE(9,1)|GLOBAL MARINE DIATOM(9,1)|CULTURE MEDIUM(8,8)|KBR(8,4)|KCL(8,4)|NACL(8,4)|NAF(8,4)|WATER BODY ACIDIFICATION(8,4)|BALL MILL(8,3)|SILICON NUTRITION(8,3)|ALUMINOSILICATE MINERAL ADDITION(8,2)|CARBON OUTPUT(8,1)|DIATOM SHELL DECOMPOSITION(8,1)|DIATOM SHELL SOLUBILITY(8,1)|HYDROPHOBIC DIATOM SHELL(8,1)|INOCULATING CHAETOCEROS DENSITY(8,1)|LABORATORY ILLUMINATION INCUBATOR(8,1)|SCREENED ALUMINOSILICATE MINERAL(8,1)|SEAWEED BIOMASS(8,1)|SEAWEED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT(8,1)|MONTMORILLONITE MASS RATIO(7,6)|DIATOM PROMOTING GROWTH(7,1)|FERROMAGNESIAN MINERAL POWDER(7,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER TON(7,1)|SILICEOUS SKELETON STABILITY(7,1)|SEDIMENTATION RATE(6,15)|MIXED ALGAE(6,3)|ORGANIC CARBON(6,3)|CLAY MINERAL(6,2)|DIATOM SOLUBILITY(6,1)|DISSOLUTION ASSISTANT(6,1)|GRADUAL CRUSHING(6,1)|HAINAN ALGAE(6,1)|NAVICULAR ALGAE BIOLOGICAL PUMP(6,1)|VARIO ELIII ELEMENT ANALYZER(6,1)|FERRIC OXIDE RANGE(5,3)|PHOSPHORUS CONTENT(5,2)|CHAETOCERO AVERAGE(5,1)|CHAETOCERO PARTICLE(5,1)|DIATOM SHELL REDUCING SOLUBILITY(5,1)|MANUFACTURER ATTENTION(5,1)|OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION(5,1)|PREPARED ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER DIATOM(5,1)|SEDIMENTATION CONTAINER(5,1)|TRANSPARENT SEDIMENTATION COLUMN(5,1)|LIGHT DARK PERIOD(4,4)|ALGAE LIQUID(4,2)|CHAETOCERO ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT(4,2)|REGULATION(4,2)|TRANSMISSION CONICAL FLASK(4,2)|ABSORB NUTRIENT(4,1)|ARTIFICIAL EMISSION(4,1)|CLIMATE FREQUENCY(4,1)|DIATOM BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,1)|DIATOM CARBON CONTENT(4,1)|DIATOM DENSITY(4,1)|EARTH HISTORY(4,1)|GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION(4,1)|GROWTH PROMOTION(4,1)|INORGANIC NUTRIENT(4,1)|MINERAL NUTRITION(4,1)|SEDIMENTATION HEIGHT(4,1)|SELENIUM STRESS(4,1)|SOLUBLE NUTRIENT(4,1)|WATER DOMINANT POPULATION(4,1)|ARTIFICIAL MEASURE(3,1)|EUTROPHICATION(3,1)|EXPERIMENT LAST(3,1)|GROWING ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|HUMAN SOCIETY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(3,1)|IRON DISSOLUTION(3,1)|KEY LIFE FORM(3,1)|MARINE PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|MICROORGANISM(3,1)| | (CN119931839)|1. A method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of diatom in a water body, comprising applying a mixed mineral consisting of aluminosilicate mineral and ferromagnesian silicate mineral to a water body containing diatom, and culturing.|2. The method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency and pH of a body of water of diatom algae of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate mineral to the iron-magnesium silicate mineral in the mixed mineral is 1-10:1.|3. The method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency and pH of a body of water of claim 1, wherein the amount of the mixed minerals added to the body of water is 5-50 mg/L.|4. The method of increasing the carbon sequestration efficiency of diatoms in a water body and the pH of the water body according to claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate mineral is an aluminosilicate mineral having a specific surface area >50m 2/g;| preferably, the mass percentage of alumina in the aluminosilicate mineral ranges from 10% to 50%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm; | preferably, the aluminosilicate mineral comprises at least one of montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite. |5. The method for increasing the carbon sequestration efficiency of diatom algae in a water body and the pH of the water body according to claim 1, wherein the iron-magnesium silicate mineral is an iron-magnesium silicate mineral having a weathering rate of 10 -7mol/m2/s or more;| Preferably, the mass percentage of magnesium oxide in the iron magnesium silicate mineral ranges from 25% to 50%, the mass percentage of ferric oxide ranges from more than 10%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm; | Preferably, the iron-magnesium silicate minerals are olivine and pyroxene. |6. The method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of a water body of diatom algae according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the mixed mineral comprises the steps of crushing the aluminosilicate mineral and the ferrimagical silicate mineral to a particle size of 0.1-40 mm respectively, screening out 100-mesh undersize, grinding for 8-12 min at 600-800 rpm by using a disc vibration mill, grinding for 10-20 min at 400-500 rpm by using a ball mill, sieving by using a 400-mesh sieve to obtain aluminosilicate mineral powder and a ferrimagical silicate mineral powder with a particle size of 0.1-38 μm, and mixing the aluminosilicate mineral powder and the ferrimagical silicate mineral powder for 5-15 min at 100-150 rpm.|7. The method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency and pH of a body of water of claim 1, wherein the method for preparing a body of water containing diatom comprises inoculating diatom to a body of water to a content of diatom of 10000-1000000/L.|8. The method for increasing the carbon sequestration efficiency of diatoms in a water body and the pH of the water body according to claim 7, wherein the species of diatoms in the water body include seawater diatoms and freshwater diatoms;| Preferably, the diatom is at least one of a seaweed and a chaetoceros. |9. The method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency and pH of a body of water of claim 7, wherein the body of water is artificial or natural seawater to which a culture medium is added, the culture medium comprising :NaCl:15～30g/L、NaSO4:3～5g/L、KCl:0.3～1g/L、NaHCO3:0.1～0.5g/L、KBr:0.04～0.3g/L、H3BO3:0.01～0.055g/L、NaF:0.001～0.005g/L、MgCl2·6H2O:3～12g/L、CaCl2·2H2O:2～5g/L、SrCl2·6H2O:0.01～0.8g/L、NaNO3:0.65～0.9g/L、NaH2PO4·H2O:0.05～0.08g/L、Na2SiO3·9H2O:20～40mg/L.|10. The method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency and pH of a water body according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation conditions are 10-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-10000 lux, the light-dark period is 12h illumination and 12h darkness, and the cultivation is continued for 10-20 days. | (CN119931839)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide fixation, in particular to a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in water and pH of the water.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] With the continuous increase of artificial emission of CO 2, global warming is caused, and a series of negative environmental effects such as extreme climate frequency, sea level rising, water hypoxia and acidification are caused, so that the sustainable development of human society is threatened. In the visible future, fossil fuels will still be the main energy source of industrial society, and therefore, it is important to develop carbon dioxide capturing and sequestering technologies. Large natural bodies of water, such as oceans, lakes, etc., are one of the most important active carbon reservoirs on earth, which play an important role in regulating climate change in the earth's history, with great carbon sink potential. The carbon sink in the natural water bodies is increased by artificial measures, so that the regulation and control of global carbon circulation can be effectively realized, and technical support is provided for slowing down climate warming.|[0003] Diatoms are important microorganisms in the global water carbon circulation process, and have huge amounts in water bodies such as oceans, lakes and the like, and high photosynthesis efficiency. For example, global marine diatoms contribute about 40% of the marine primary productivity annually, with amounts of fixed CO 2 up to 1 x 10 12 kg being a key organism regulating atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Diatoms also play a key role in natural waters such as lakes, rivers, etc., as a basis for primary producers to provide food chains, to convert CO 2 to particulate organic carbon for fixation by photosynthesis, to absorb nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) in the water, and to increase the transparency of the water, etc. In recent years, due to the influence of human activities, many water bodies suffer from eutrophication problems, so that biomass of diatoms is reduced, and further the carbon fixation amount of the diatoms is influenced, so that the ecological system of the water bodies is seriously influenced in ecological functions such as biological community composition, carbon fixation and the like.|[0004] To cope with this problem, researchers have tried various methods to increase the biomass and carbon fixation efficiency of diatoms in water bodies, including adding soluble nutrients required for diatoms, changing the physicochemical conditions of water bodies, and the like. For example, by applying a fertilizer to ocean iron (i.e., ocean Iron Fertilization) a certain amount of dissolved iron is put into the sea water (Li Hongliang, et al, comparative in-situ iron-adding experiments between HNLC sea areas, oceanographic studies, 2005) to promote the growth of phytoplankton such as diatoms. However, the OIF experimental results show that although iron fertilization improves the outbreak of plankton such as diatom, the vertical carbon output to the deep sea is not remarkably enhanced, and most of organic carbon carried by diatom is lost due to death, shell dissolution or organic matter decomposition of diatom during sedimentation (Joo-Eun Yoon et al ,Reviews and syntheses:Ocean iron fertilization experiments-past,present,and future looking to a future Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean(KIFES)project,Biogeosciences,2018). has recently been researched (Zhou Linbin et al, iron-aluminum hypothesis and marine aluminum fertilization and exchange enhancement potential are expected, tropical marine report, 2023), and the addition of dissolved aluminum to a water body can enhance the carbon fixation of upper-layer marine phytoplankton and reduce the decomposition rate of biogenic carbon, improve the efficiency of marine pump, and increase the output and sequestration of carbon to the deep sea.|[0005] Yuan Peng et al propose that clay minerals (i.e., aluminosilicate minerals) can be applied in a water body, the sedimentation efficiency of microorganism organic matter-mineral complexes is improved by adjusting the mineral type proportion and regulating the particle characteristics, the loss of particle organic carbon is retarded, thereby improving the carbon fixation efficiency of biological pumps in the water body, and realizing the enrichment of water body CO 2 (Yuan Peng, liu Dong, mineral-synergistic biological pumps: water body CO 2 enrichment strategy based on the action of minerals-microorganisms, scientific report, 2022). Chinese patent application No. 202211536954.5 discloses a method for reducing solubility of diatom shells, low-solubility diatom and application, which uses organic silicon as silicon source to form surface hydrophobic diatom shells, so as to reduce the solubility of the shells and improve carbon fixation efficiency of diatom. Chinese patent application No. 202310555030.8 discloses a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of biological pump of navicular algae, which is to culture navicular algae in growing environment added with sodium selenite, and increase siliceous skeleton of navicular algae (i.e. navicular algae shell) under the stress of selenium, thereby improving silicon content, siliceous skeleton stability and sedimentation rate of single diatom, and further improving carbon fixation efficiency of biological pump.|[0006] However, the above-described methods of adding aluminosilicate minerals or reducing the solubility of diatom shells based on regulating organic and inorganic nutrients lacks clear data support for achieving sustained increases in diatom biomass and improvement in particulate organic carbon sequestration efficiency.|[0007] In view of this, the present invention has been made.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0008] The invention aims to provide a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in water and pH of the water.|[0009] The invention is realized in the following way:|[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing the carbon sequestration efficiency of diatoms in a body of water and the pH of the body of water, comprising applying a mixed mineral consisting of aluminosilicate minerals and ferromagnesian silicate minerals to the body of water containing diatoms, and incubating. |[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate mineral to the ferrimagnesium silicate mineral in the mixed mineral is 1-10:1.|[0012] In an alternative embodiment, the amount of the mixed minerals added to the water body is 5-50 mg/L.|[0013] In an alternative embodiment, the aluminosilicate mineral is an aluminosilicate mineral having a specific surface area >50m 2/g;|[0014] preferably, the mass percentage of alumina in the aluminosilicate mineral ranges from 10% to 50%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm; |[0015] preferably, the aluminosilicate mineral comprises at least one of montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite. |[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the iron-magnesium silicate mineral is an iron-magnesium silicate mineral having a weathering rate of 10 -9mol/m2/s or more;|[0017] Preferably, the mass percentage of magnesium oxide in the iron magnesium silicate mineral ranges from 25% to 50%, the mass percentage of ferric oxide ranges from more than 10%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm; |[0018] Preferably, the iron-magnesium silicate minerals are olivine and pyroxene. |[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the preparation method of the mixed mineral comprises the steps of crushing the aluminosilicate mineral and the ferromagnesian silicate mineral to a particle size of 0.1-40 mm respectively, screening out 100-mesh undersize products, grinding for 8-12 min at 600-800 rpm by using a disc vibration mill, grinding for 10-20 min at 400-500 rpm by using a ball mill, sieving by using a 400-mesh sieve to obtain aluminosilicate mineral powder and ferromagnesian mineral powder with a particle size of 0.1-38 mu m, and mixing the aluminosilicate mineral powder and the ferromagnesian mineral powder for 5-15 min at 100-150 rpm.|[0020] In an alternative embodiment, the preparation method of the water body containing the diatom comprises inoculating the diatom to the water body until the content of the diatom is 10000/L-1000000/L.|[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the species of diatoms in the body of water include seawater diatoms and freshwater diatoms;|[0022] Preferably, the diatom is at least one of a seaweed and a chaetoceros. |[0023] In an alternative embodiment, the water body is artificial seawater or natural seawater, a culture medium is added into the artificial seawater, and the components of the culture medium comprise :NaCl:15～30g/L、NaSO4:3～5g/L、KCl:0.3～1g/L、NaHCO3:0.1～0.5g/L、KBr:0.04～0.3g/L、H3BO3:0.01～0.055g/L、NaF:0.001～0.005g/L、MgCl2·6H2O:3～12g/L、CaCl2·2H2O:2～5g/L、SrCl2·6H2O:0.01～0.8g/L、NaNO3:0.65～0.9g/L、NaH2PO4·H2O:0.05～0.08g/L、Na2SiO3·9H2O:20～40mg/L.|[0024] In an alternative embodiment, the culture condition is that the temperature is 10-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-10000 lux, the light-dark period is 12h illumination and 12h darkness, and the culture is continued for 10-20 days.|[0025] The invention has the following beneficial effects:|[0026] According to the method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of diatom in water, the mixture of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral is applied to the water, and by utilizing different characteristics of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral, si and alumina are contained in the aluminosilicate mineral, so that Si nutrient elements required by growth of diatom can be dissolved and released in the water, and meanwhile, released Al elements can enter the diatom shell to inhibit dissolution of the diatom. The iron-magnesium silicate mineral can dissolve and release nutrient elements such as Si, mg, fe and the like in the water body, thereby promoting the propagation of diatom. In addition, the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral have certain surface adsorption specificity, so that the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral flocculate with diatom and accelerate the settling of floccules, thereby increasing the amount of the floccules deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency. Meanwhile, the aluminosilicate minerals and the iron-magnesium silicate minerals can also increase the silicon nutrition and bicarbonate of the water body, so that diatom can continuously burst, and the pH value of seawater can be synchronously improved. Therefore, the technical method provided by the invention realizes that the acidification of the water body is synchronously inhibited while the carbon fixation amount of the water body containing diatom such as seawater is increased, and has double ecological effects. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0027] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.|[0028] The research of the invention discovers that the continuous increase of the biomass of the diatom and the improvement of the carbon fixation efficiency are not obvious no matter the clay mineral is added or the solubility of the diatom shell is reduced based on the regulation and control of organic and inorganic nutrition. The method is mainly characterized in that 1, because the clay mineral is an aluminosilicate mineral and lacks iron elements necessary for diatom, the clay mineral cannot be added to excite diatom erection into a water dominant population. 2. The erection of diatom is not durable. Mainly because diatom photosynthesis consumes bicarbonate in water, the concentration of the bicarbonate in the water is reduced, so that the duration of large-scale diatom erection cannot be ensured, and the purposes of improving the biomass and the carbon sequestration of diatoms are difficult to achieve.|[0029] To this end, the invention provides a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of diatom in water, which comprises applying mixed minerals composed of aluminosilicate minerals and ferromagnesian silicate minerals to the water containing diatom, culturing, promoting growth of diatom and synthesis of organic carbon, and improving pH of water.|[0030] According to the invention, the mixture of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral is applied to the water body, the growth of diatom in the water body is promoted by utilizing the different characteristics of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral, the biomass of the diatom is improved, and the carbon sequestration of the biological pump of the diatom is improved by reducing the decomposition of the diatom shell. Meanwhile, the silicon nutrition and bicarbonate radical of the water body are increased, so that diatom can continuously burst, and the pH value of seawater can be synchronously improved. Therefore, the acidification of the water body such as seawater is inhibited while the carbon fixation amount of the water body is increased.|[0031] Specifically, the invention provides a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in water and pH of the water, which comprises the following steps:|[0032] (1) Preparing mixed minerals. |[0033] Firstly, screening an aluminosilicate mineral and an iron-magnesium silicate mineral, wherein the aluminosilicate mineral is an aluminosilicate mineral with a specific surface area of more than 50m 2/g, the mass percentage of alumina in the aluminosilicate mineral ranges from 10% to 50%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm. Preferably, the aluminosilicate mineral comprises at least one of montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite.|[0034] Wherein, the content of alumina in montmorillonite is 10-25%, the content of alumina in kaolin is 30-45%, and the content of alumina in illite is 30-50%.|[0035] According to the invention, the aluminosilicate mineral is limited to have higher specific surface area, and has good surface adsorption specificity, so that the aluminosilicate mineral and diatom flocculate and accelerate the settling of the flocculate, thereby increasing the amount of the aluminosilicate mineral deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency. Further, the aluminosilicate minerals contain Si and alumina, which can dissolve in the water and release Si nutrient elements required for growth of diatom, and at the same time, the released Al element can enter the diatom shell to inhibit dissolution thereof.|[0036] The iron magnesium silicate mineral is an iron magnesium silicate mineral with a weathering rate of more than 10 -9mol/m2/s, the mass percentage of magnesium oxide in the iron magnesium silicate mineral ranges from 25% to 50%, the mass percentage of ferric oxide ranges from more than 10%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm. Preferably, the iron-magnesium silicate minerals are olivine and pyroxene. Wherein, the content of magnesium oxide in the olivine is 43-50%, and the content of ferric oxide is 14-15%.|[0037] According to the invention, the iron magnesium silicate mineral with the weathering rate of more than 10 -9mol/m2/s is selected as the iron magnesium silicate mineral, and the greater the weathering rate is, the faster the iron magnesium silicate mineral dissolves in a water body and releases nutrient elements such as Si, mg, fe and the like, so that the diatom propagation is promoted. In addition, the iron-magnesium silicate mineral also has certain surface adsorption specificity, so that the iron-magnesium silicate mineral flocculates with diatom and accelerates the settling of floccules, thereby increasing the amount of the floccules deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency.|[0038] In addition, as the water contains diatom, the diatom has a certain dissolution assisting effect on minerals, and the weathering effect of the iron magnesium silicate minerals such as olivine with high chemical weathering rate is further accelerated, so that the concentration of bicarbonate in the water is increased, the pH of the water is improved, and the carbon fixation efficiency of the water is improved.|[0039] Crushing the screened aluminosilicate mineral and the iron magnesium silicate mineral to the particle size of 0.1-40 mm, screening out 100-mesh undersize, grinding for 8-12 min at 600-800 rpm by using a disc vibration mill, grinding for 10-20 min at 400-500 rpm by using a ball mill, sieving by using a 400-mesh sieve to obtain aluminosilicate mineral powder and iron magnesium silicate mineral powder with the particle size of 0.1-38 mu m, and mixing the aluminosilicate mineral powder and the iron magnesium silicate mineral powder at 100-150 rpm for 5-15 min to obtain the composite material. The particle sizes of the aluminosilicate minerals and the ferrimagical silicate minerals can reach the micron level through gradual crushing and grinding, and the aluminosilicate minerals and the ferrimagical silicate minerals are easier to disperse and dissolve in water.|[0040] The mass ratio of the aluminosilicate mineral to the ferrimagnesium silicate mineral in the mixed mineral is 1-10:1. Better results can be achieved by controlling the mass ratio of aluminosilicate minerals to ferrimagnesium silicate minerals.|[0041] (2) Preparing a body of water containing diatom.|[0042] The preparation method of the water body containing the diatom comprises the step of inoculating the diatom to the water body (artificial seawater or natural seawater) until the content of the diatom is 10000/L-1000000/L. The diatom species in the water body include seawater diatom and freshwater diatom, preferably, the diatom species is at least one of seaweed and chaetoceros.|[0043] The natural seawater contains nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in the range of 0.5 mg/L to 340 mg/L, phosphorus in the range of 0.1 mg/L to 15 mg/L and silicon in the range of 0.3 mg/L to 30 mg/L.|[0044] The artificial seawater is simulated according to the components of the natural seawater, and the artificial seawater is simulated by adding a culture medium into the artificial seawater, wherein the dosage of the drug in the culture medium is converted into the nitrogen and phosphorus content, and then the nitrogen and phosphorus content needs to be met in the natural seawater range. Specifically, the components of the medium include :NaCl:15～30g/L、NaSO4:3～5g/L、KCl:0.3～1g/L、NaHCO3:0.1～0.5g/L、KBr:0.04～0.3g/L、H3BO3:0.01～0.055g/L、NaF:0.001～0.005g/L、MgCl2·6H2O:3～12g/L、CaCl2·2H2O:2～5g/L、SrCl2·6H2O:0.01～0.8g/L、NaNO3:0.65～0.9g/L、NaH2PO4·H2O:0.05～0.08g/L、Na2SiO3·9H2O:20～40mg/L.|[0045] (3) The mixed mineral composed of aluminosilicate mineral and iron-magnesium silicate mineral is applied to the water body containing diatom, and culturing is carried out. The experimental device is a laboratory illumination incubator, and is provided with an indoor light source and a temperature control integrated system.|[0046] The prepared artificial seawater diatom body is moved into a 5L high light transmission conical flask, mixed natural silicate minerals are added after the artificial seawater diatom body is adapted for 3 hours, the artificial seawater diatom body is placed into an illumination incubator, the cultivation temperature is set to be 10-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-10000 lux, the light-dark period is 12 hours of illumination and 12 hours of darkness. The amount of the mixed minerals added into the water body is 5-50 mg/L. The experiment lasts for 10-20 days, shake the conical flask three times a day, and measure pH value and chlorophyll a concentration on the tenth day. Solid samples were collected on day 10 of the experiment and the content of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and sedimentation rate were determined. Wherein chlorophyll a is an important pigment contained in a plurality of photosynthetic pigments of the seaweed, and plays roles in absorbing light energy and transmitting light energy in photosynthesis, the seaweed grows by means of photosynthesis, and the content thereof can reflect the growth condition of the seaweed in the water body. In addition, in the seaweed, chlorophyll a occupies 1% -2% of the dry weight of the organism, so that the seaweed is also an important index for estimating the primary productivity and biomass. Therefore, the biomass of the seaweed can be known by measuring the chlorophyll a content in the water body, so that the growth condition of the seaweed can be effectively mastered.|[0047] The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.|[0048] Example 1|[0049] The culture device adopted in the embodiment is a 5L high light transmission conical flask, the experimental water body is artificial seawater self-matched in a laboratory, a culture medium is added into the artificial seawater, and the components of the culture medium comprise :NaCl:20.76g/L、NaSO4:3.48g/L、KCl:0.59g/L、NaHCO3:0.17g/L、KBr:0.08g/L、H3BO3:0.02g/L、NaF:0.003g/L、MgCl2·6H2O:9.39g/L、CaCl2·2H2O:1.32g/L、SrCl2·6H2O:0.2g/L、NaNO3:0.75g/L、NaH2PO4·H2O:0.05g/L、Na2SiO3·9H2O:30mg/L.|[0050] Inoculating Chaetoceros and sea chain algae into two artificial seawater respectively, wherein the initial density of the inoculating Chaetoceros and sea chain algae is 10000/L, respectively, adding 5L of artificial seawater inoculated with Chaetoceros and 5L of artificial seawater inoculated with sea chain algae into conical flasks, and placing in an illumination incubator. The illumination intensity is set to 2000 lux, the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, and the light-dark period is 12 hours of illumination/12 hours of darkness.|[0051] At the beginning of the experiment, a mineral combination of montmorillonite and olivine (mass ratio of 1:1) was added, and the addition amount of the mixed mineral was 50mg/L. The experiment was continued for 10 days during which the flask was shaken to ensure uniform mineral distribution.|[0052] After the cultivation is finished, the granular organic carbon (POC) is collected, and the content, the sedimentation rate and the pH value of the water body are measured.|[0053] Examples 2 to 4|[0054] This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the mixed minerals added in this example are different from example 1:|[0055] The mixed minerals in example 2 were a mineral combination of montmorillonite and pyroxene (mass ratio of 1:1); |[0056] the mixed minerals in example 3 were a mineral combination of kaolinite and olivine (mass ratio 1:1); |[0057] the mixed mineral in example 4 was a mineral combination of illite and olivine (mass ratio 1:1). |[0058] Examples 5 to 7|[0059] This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in the mixed mineral added in this example is different from example 1:|[0060] The mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in example 5 was 2:1; |[0061] The mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in example 6 was 5:1; |[0062] the mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in example 7 was 10:1. |[0063] Examples 8 to 9|[0064] This example is basically the same as example 1, except that the addition amounts of the mixed minerals are different:|[0065] The addition amount of the mixed mineral in example 8 is 20mg/L; |[0066] The amount of the mixed mineral added in example 9 was 30mg/L. |[0067] Example 10|[0068] Based on the embodiment 1, the embodiment further performs a large-volume water column experiment to verify the carbon fixation efficiency and the pH adjusting effect of the mineral combination of montmorillonite and olivine on various diatom mixed systems (chaetoceros and haichow).|[0069] The experiment adopts an indoor water column device with the diameter of 1.7 m and the height of 3m, the water body is 5 tons of natural seawater after filtration, the mixed algae liquid of the chaetoceros and the haichow algae is inoculated, and the diatom density is 10000/liter.|[0070] At the beginning of the experiment, minerals were added in a ratio (montmorillonite to olivine 1:1) with an application of 50mg/L. The experiment was continued for 10 days, and Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) was collected and its content, sedimentation rate and pH of the water were determined.|[0071] Comparative example 1|[0072] This comparative example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the step of adding the mixed minerals is omitted in this comparative example.|[0073] Comparative example 2|[0074] This comparative example is substantially identical to example 1, except that the mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in this comparative example is 1:2;|[0075] Comparative example 3 |[0076] This comparative example is substantially the same as example 1 except that only 50mg/L of montmorillonite was added thereto.|[0077] Comparative example 4|[0078] This comparative example is substantially the same as example 1 except that only 50mg/L of olivine was added thereto.|[0079] Comparative example 5|[0080] The comparative example was substantially the same as example 1 except that the aluminosilicate mineral selected in the comparative example was montmorillonite having a specific surface area of 14.12%, an alumina content of 56.2m 2/g, an iron-magnesium silicate mineral was olivine, a magnesium oxide content was 42%, and an iron oxide content was 14%.|[0081] Experimental example|[0082] After the end of the culture in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5, the particulate organic carbon was collected and the organic carbon content, sedimentation rate and pH of the water were measured. The testing method comprises the following steps:|[0083] (1) Organic carbon content 50mL of algae liquid is taken, the supernatant is removed by centrifugation, the algae liquid is washed with deionized water for 3 times, and the sample is weighed after freeze drying. About 2.00mg of the mixed sample was taken, placed in a 6X 12mm tin boat, and carbon element analysis was performed on the samples using a Vario ELIII element analyzer, and each sample was subjected to 3 parallel tests, and the average value was taken for analysis and comparative study, thereby calculating the carbon content of diatom. |[0084] (2) And (3) sedimentation rate, namely fully and uniformly stirring the co-culture system, transferring to a transparent sedimentation column to uniformly distribute the co-culture system, loading a sample into a sedimentation container, recording the initial height, starting timing, recording the sedimentation height and time at certain time intervals, calculating the rate through a formula, and drawing a curve to analyze the sedimentation characteristics.|[0085] (3) The pH value of the water body is that 20ml of sample liquid is taken and filtered, and the filtrate is measured by a pH meter.|[0086] The test results are shown in Table 1:|[0087] TABLE 1 statistical tables of test results for different examples |[0088] |[0089] |[0090] From the above table, it can be seen from the data of example 1 and comparative example 1 that after montmorillonite and olivine are added and combined, the content of the granular organic carbon of chaetoceros and haichow is respectively increased by 22.2% and 27.2%, the sedimentation rate is increased by 10.97 and 19.77 times, and the pH value of the water body is increased by 0.24 and 0.26. As can be seen from the data of example 2 and comparative example 1, the combination of montmorillonite and pyroxene increases the content of organic carbon in particles of chaetoceros and seaweed by 21.3% and 24.1% respectively, increases the sedimentation rate by 17.51 and 17.99 times, and increases the pH value of water by 0.22 and 0.23. As can be seen from the data of example 3 and comparative example 1, after the combination of olivine and kaolinite is added, the content of the granular organic carbon of the chaetoceros and the sea chain algae is respectively improved by 17.5 percent and 16.4 percent, the sedimentation rate is improved by 14.14 and 23.09 times, and the pH value of the water body is improved by 0.13 and 0.10. As can be seen from the data of example 4 and comparative example 1, after the illite and olivine are added for combination, the content of the granular organic carbon of the chaetoceros and the sea chain algae is respectively improved by 10 percent and 10.3 percent, the sedimentation rate is improved by 12.8 and 22.26 times, and the pH value of the water body is improved by 0.04 and 0.02. From the data of examples 5-7, it can be seen that as the content of montmorillonite increases, the content of granular organic carbon of chaetoceros and hainan increases gradually, and the sedimentation rate and the pH of the water body also increase further. From the data of examples 8 to 9, it can be seen that the variation of the addition amount of the mixed minerals resulted in some variation of the content of the granular organic carbon, the sedimentation rate and the pH of the water body of the Chaetoceros and the sea chain algae, but the addition amounts within the scope of the present invention all had good effects. As can be seen from the data of example 10 and comparative example 1, the olivine and montmorillonite 1:1 combination still significantly improved the carbon fixation efficiency of diatoms in a large scale system, compared to the mixed algae without mineral treatment (as data for mixed algae by the average of both chaetoceros and haichow algae in comparative example 1), the particulate organic carbon content of the added mixed minerals increased by 165.7%, the sedimentation rate of the particulate organic carbon increased by 15.8 times, and the pH of the water increased by 0.28.|[0091] From the data of example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 5, it can be seen that when the mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine is outside the scope of the present application, at this time, too large an amount of olivine causes no significant increase in the organic carbon content of the mixture of chaetoceros and hainan algae, even though the organic carbon content of chaetoceros is slightly decreased, and furthermore, the effect of increasing the sedimentation rate and pH is significantly inferior to that of example 1, and the comparative example is not so much different. When montmorillonite alone or olivine alone was added, the organic carbon content of chaetoceros and hainan was not only not increased but also decreased, and the effect of increasing the sedimentation rate and pH was significantly inferior to that of example 1, and not much from that of comparative example. When the performance index of montmorillonite and olivine is not within the scope of the present application, the effect is also significantly inferior to that of example 1.|[0092] In summary, the method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of diatom in water body provided by the invention is characterized in that the mixture of aluminosilicate mineral and iron-magnesium silicate mineral is applied to the water body, and by utilizing different characteristics of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral, si and alumina are contained in the aluminosilicate mineral, so that Si nutrient elements required by growth of diatom can be dissolved and released in the water body, and meanwhile, released Al elements can enter the diatom shell to inhibit dissolution of the diatom. The iron-magnesium silicate mineral can dissolve and release nutrient elements such as Si, mg, fe and the like in the water body, thereby promoting the propagation of diatom. In addition, the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral have certain surface adsorption specificity, so that the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral flocculate with diatom and accelerate the settling of floccules, thereby increasing the amount of the floccules deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency. Meanwhile, the aluminosilicate minerals and the iron-magnesium silicate minerals can also increase the silicon nutrition and bicarbonate of the water body, so that diatom can continuously burst, and the pH value of seawater can be synchronously improved. Therefore, the acidification of the water body such as seawater is inhibited while the carbon fixation amount of the water body is increased.|[0093] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. | (CN119931839)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide fixation, in particular to a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in water and pH of the water.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] With the continuous increase of artificial emission of CO 2, global warming is caused, and a series of negative environmental effects such as extreme climate frequency, sea level rising, water hypoxia and acidification are caused, so that the sustainable development of human society is threatened. In the visible future, fossil fuels will still be the main energy source of industrial society, and therefore, it is important to develop carbon dioxide capturing and sequestering technologies. Large natural bodies of water, such as oceans, lakes, etc., are one of the most important active carbon reservoirs on earth, which play an important role in regulating climate change in the earth's history, with great carbon sink potential. The carbon sink in the natural water bodies is increased by artificial measures, so that the regulation and control of global carbon circulation can be effectively realized, and technical support is provided for slowing down climate warming.|[0003] Diatoms are important microorganisms in the global water carbon circulation process, and have huge amounts in water bodies such as oceans, lakes and the like, and high photosynthesis efficiency. For example, global marine diatoms contribute about 40% of the marine primary productivity annually, with amounts of fixed CO 2 up to 1 x 10 12 kg being a key organism regulating atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Diatoms also play a key role in natural waters such as lakes, rivers, etc., as a basis for primary producers to provide food chains, to convert CO 2 to particulate organic carbon for fixation by photosynthesis, to absorb nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) in the water, and to increase the transparency of the water, etc. In recent years, due to the influence of human activities, many water bodies suffer from eutrophication problems, so that biomass of diatoms is reduced, and further the carbon fixation amount of the diatoms is influenced, so that the ecological system of the water bodies is seriously influenced in ecological functions such as biological community composition, carbon fixation and the like.|[0004] To cope with this problem, researchers have tried various methods to increase the biomass and carbon fixation efficiency of diatoms in water bodies, including adding soluble nutrients required for diatoms, changing the physicochemical conditions of water bodies, and the like. For example, by applying a fertilizer to ocean iron (i.e., ocean Iron Fertilization) a certain amount of dissolved iron is put into the sea water (Li Hongliang, et al, comparative in-situ iron-adding experiments between HNLC sea areas, oceanographic studies, 2005) to promote the growth of phytoplankton such as diatoms. However, the OIF experimental results show that although iron fertilization improves the outbreak of plankton such as diatom, the vertical carbon output to the deep sea is not remarkably enhanced, and most of organic carbon carried by diatom is lost due to death, shell dissolution or organic matter decomposition of diatom during sedimentation (Joo-Eun Yoon et al ,Reviews and syntheses:Ocean iron fertilization experiments-past,present,and future looking to a future Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean(KIFES)project,Biogeosciences,2018). has recently been researched (Zhou Linbin et al, iron-aluminum hypothesis and marine aluminum fertilization and exchange enhancement potential are expected, tropical marine report, 2023), and the addition of dissolved aluminum to a water body can enhance the carbon fixation of upper-layer marine phytoplankton and reduce the decomposition rate of biogenic carbon, improve the efficiency of marine pump, and increase the output and sequestration of carbon to the deep sea.|[0005] Yuan Peng et al propose that clay minerals (i.e., aluminosilicate minerals) can be applied in a water body, the sedimentation efficiency of microorganism organic matter-mineral complexes is improved by adjusting the mineral type proportion and regulating the particle characteristics, the loss of particle organic carbon is retarded, thereby improving the carbon fixation efficiency of biological pumps in the water body, and realizing the enrichment of water body CO 2 (Yuan Peng, liu Dong, mineral-synergistic biological pumps: water body CO 2 enrichment strategy based on the action of minerals-microorganisms, scientific report, 2022). Chinese patent application No. 202211536954.5 discloses a method for reducing solubility of diatom shells, low-solubility diatom and application, which uses organic silicon as silicon source to form surface hydrophobic diatom shells, so as to reduce the solubility of the shells and improve carbon fixation efficiency of diatom. Chinese patent application No. 202310555030.8 discloses a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of biological pump of navicular algae, which is to culture navicular algae in growing environment added with sodium selenite, and increase siliceous skeleton of navicular algae (i.e. navicular algae shell) under the stress of selenium, thereby improving silicon content, siliceous skeleton stability and sedimentation rate of single diatom, and further improving carbon fixation efficiency of biological pump.|[0006] However, the above-described methods of adding aluminosilicate minerals or reducing the solubility of diatom shells based on regulating organic and inorganic nutrients lacks clear data support for achieving sustained increases in diatom biomass and improvement in particulate organic carbon sequestration efficiency.|[0007] In view of this, the present invention has been made.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0008] The invention aims to provide a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in water and pH of the water.|[0009] The invention is realized in the following way:|[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing the carbon sequestration efficiency of diatoms in a body of water and the pH of the body of water, comprising applying a mixed mineral consisting of aluminosilicate minerals and ferromagnesian silicate minerals to the body of water containing diatoms, and incubating. |[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of the aluminosilicate mineral to the ferrimagnesium silicate mineral in the mixed mineral is 1-10:1.|[0012] In an alternative embodiment, the amount of the mixed minerals added to the water body is 5-50 mg/L.|[0013] In an alternative embodiment, the aluminosilicate mineral is an aluminosilicate mineral having a specific surface area >50m 2/g;|[0014] preferably, the mass percentage of alumina in the aluminosilicate mineral ranges from 10% to 50%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm; |[0015] preferably, the aluminosilicate mineral comprises at least one of montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite. |[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the iron-magnesium silicate mineral is an iron-magnesium silicate mineral having a weathering rate of 10 -9mol/m2/s or more;|[0017] Preferably, the mass percentage of magnesium oxide in the iron magnesium silicate mineral ranges from 25% to 50%, the mass percentage of ferric oxide ranges from more than 10%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm; |[0018] Preferably, the iron-magnesium silicate minerals are olivine and pyroxene. |[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the preparation method of the mixed mineral comprises the steps of crushing the aluminosilicate mineral and the ferromagnesian silicate mineral to a particle size of 0.1-40 mm respectively, screening out 100-mesh undersize products, grinding for 8-12 min at 600-800 rpm by using a disc vibration mill, grinding for 10-20 min at 400-500 rpm by using a ball mill, sieving by using a 400-mesh sieve to obtain aluminosilicate mineral powder and ferromagnesian mineral powder with a particle size of 0.1-38 mu m, and mixing the aluminosilicate mineral powder and the ferromagnesian mineral powder for 5-15 min at 100-150 rpm.|[0020] In an alternative embodiment, the preparation method of the water body containing the diatom comprises inoculating the diatom to the water body until the content of the diatom is 10000/L-1000000/L.|[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the species of diatoms in the body of water include seawater diatoms and freshwater diatoms;|[0022] Preferably, the diatom is at least one of a seaweed and a chaetoceros. |[0023] In an alternative embodiment, the water body is artificial seawater or natural seawater, a culture medium is added into the artificial seawater, and the components of the culture medium comprise :NaCl:15～30g/L、NaSO4:3～5g/L、KCl:0.3～1g/L、NaHCO3:0.1～0.5g/L、KBr:0.04～0.3g/L、H3BO3:0.01～0.055g/L、NaF:0.001～0.005g/L、MgCl2·6H2O:3～12g/L、CaCl2·2H2O:2～5g/L、SrCl2·6H2O:0.01～0.8g/L、NaNO3:0.65～0.9g/L、NaH2PO4·H2O:0.05～0.08g/L、Na2SiO3·9H2O:20～40mg/L.|[0024] In an alternative embodiment, the culture condition is that the temperature is 10-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-10000 lux, the light-dark period is 12h illumination and 12h darkness, and the culture is continued for 10-20 days.|[0025] The invention has the following beneficial effects:|[0026] According to the method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of diatom in water, the mixture of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral is applied to the water, and by utilizing different characteristics of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral, si and alumina are contained in the aluminosilicate mineral, so that Si nutrient elements required by growth of diatom can be dissolved and released in the water, and meanwhile, released Al elements can enter the diatom shell to inhibit dissolution of the diatom. The iron-magnesium silicate mineral can dissolve and release nutrient elements such as Si, mg, fe and the like in the water body, thereby promoting the propagation of diatom. In addition, the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral have certain surface adsorption specificity, so that the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral flocculate with diatom and accelerate the settling of floccules, thereby increasing the amount of the floccules deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency. Meanwhile, the aluminosilicate minerals and the iron-magnesium silicate minerals can also increase the silicon nutrition and bicarbonate of the water body, so that diatom can continuously burst, and the pH value of seawater can be synchronously improved. Therefore, the technical method provided by the invention realizes that the acidification of the water body is synchronously inhibited while the carbon fixation amount of the water body containing diatom such as seawater is increased, and has double ecological effects. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0027] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.|[0028] The research of the invention discovers that the continuous increase of the biomass of the diatom and the improvement of the carbon fixation efficiency are not obvious no matter the clay mineral is added or the solubility of the diatom shell is reduced based on the regulation and control of organic and inorganic nutrition. The method is mainly characterized in that 1, because the clay mineral is an aluminosilicate mineral and lacks iron elements necessary for diatom, the clay mineral cannot be added to excite diatom erection into a water dominant population. 2. The erection of diatom is not durable. Mainly because diatom photosynthesis consumes bicarbonate in water, the concentration of the bicarbonate in the water is reduced, so that the duration of large-scale diatom erection cannot be ensured, and the purposes of improving the biomass and the carbon sequestration of diatoms are difficult to achieve.|[0029] To this end, the invention provides a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of diatom in water, which comprises applying mixed minerals composed of aluminosilicate minerals and ferromagnesian silicate minerals to the water containing diatom, culturing, promoting growth of diatom and synthesis of organic carbon, and improving pH of water.|[0030] According to the invention, the mixture of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral is applied to the water body, the growth of diatom in the water body is promoted by utilizing the different characteristics of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral, the biomass of the diatom is improved, and the carbon sequestration of the biological pump of the diatom is improved by reducing the decomposition of the diatom shell. Meanwhile, the silicon nutrition and bicarbonate radical of the water body are increased, so that diatom can continuously burst, and the pH value of seawater can be synchronously improved. Therefore, the acidification of the water body such as seawater is inhibited while the carbon fixation amount of the water body is increased.|[0031] Specifically, the invention provides a method for improving carbon fixation efficiency of diatom in water and pH of the water, which comprises the following steps:|[0032] (1) Preparing mixed minerals. |[0033] Firstly, screening an aluminosilicate mineral and an iron-magnesium silicate mineral, wherein the aluminosilicate mineral is an aluminosilicate mineral with a specific surface area of more than 50m 2/g, the mass percentage of alumina in the aluminosilicate mineral ranges from 10% to 50%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm. Preferably, the aluminosilicate mineral comprises at least one of montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite.|[0034] Wherein, the content of alumina in montmorillonite is 10-25%, the content of alumina in kaolin is 30-45%, and the content of alumina in illite is 30-50%.|[0035] According to the invention, the aluminosilicate mineral is limited to have higher specific surface area, and has good surface adsorption specificity, so that the aluminosilicate mineral and diatom flocculate and accelerate the settling of the flocculate, thereby increasing the amount of the aluminosilicate mineral deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency. Further, the aluminosilicate minerals contain Si and alumina, which can dissolve in the water and release Si nutrient elements required for growth of diatom, and at the same time, the released Al element can enter the diatom shell to inhibit dissolution thereof.|[0036] The iron magnesium silicate mineral is an iron magnesium silicate mineral with a weathering rate of more than 10 -9mol/m2/s, the mass percentage of magnesium oxide in the iron magnesium silicate mineral ranges from 25% to 50%, the mass percentage of ferric oxide ranges from more than 10%, and the particle size ranges from 0.1 μm to 38 μm. Preferably, the iron-magnesium silicate minerals are olivine and pyroxene. Wherein, the content of magnesium oxide in the olivine is 43-50%, and the content of ferric oxide is 14-15%.|[0037] According to the invention, the iron magnesium silicate mineral with the weathering rate of more than 10 -9mol/m2/s is selected as the iron magnesium silicate mineral, and the greater the weathering rate is, the faster the iron magnesium silicate mineral dissolves in a water body and releases nutrient elements such as Si, mg, fe and the like, so that the diatom propagation is promoted. In addition, the iron-magnesium silicate mineral also has certain surface adsorption specificity, so that the iron-magnesium silicate mineral flocculates with diatom and accelerates the settling of floccules, thereby increasing the amount of the floccules deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency.|[0038] In addition, as the water contains diatom, the diatom has a certain dissolution assisting effect on minerals, and the weathering effect of the iron magnesium silicate minerals such as olivine with high chemical weathering rate is further accelerated, so that the concentration of bicarbonate in the water is increased, the pH of the water is improved, and the carbon fixation efficiency of the water is improved.|[0039] Crushing the screened aluminosilicate mineral and the iron magnesium silicate mineral to the particle size of 0.1-40 mm, screening out 100-mesh undersize, grinding for 8-12 min at 600-800 rpm by using a disc vibration mill, grinding for 10-20 min at 400-500 rpm by using a ball mill, sieving by using a 400-mesh sieve to obtain aluminosilicate mineral powder and iron magnesium silicate mineral powder with the particle size of 0.1-38 mu m, and mixing the aluminosilicate mineral powder and the iron magnesium silicate mineral powder at 100-150 rpm for 5-15 min to obtain the composite material. The particle sizes of the aluminosilicate minerals and the ferrimagical silicate minerals can reach the micron level through gradual crushing and grinding, and the aluminosilicate minerals and the ferrimagical silicate minerals are easier to disperse and dissolve in water.|[0040] The mass ratio of the aluminosilicate mineral to the ferrimagnesium silicate mineral in the mixed mineral is 1-10:1. Better results can be achieved by controlling the mass ratio of aluminosilicate minerals to ferrimagnesium silicate minerals.|[0041] (2) Preparing a body of water containing diatom.|[0042] The preparation method of the water body containing the diatom comprises the step of inoculating the diatom to the water body (artificial seawater or natural seawater) until the content of the diatom is 10000/L-1000000/L. The diatom species in the water body include seawater diatom and freshwater diatom, preferably, the diatom species is at least one of seaweed and chaetoceros.|[0043] The natural seawater contains nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in the range of 0.5 mg/L to 340 mg/L, phosphorus in the range of 0.1 mg/L to 15 mg/L and silicon in the range of 0.3 mg/L to 30 mg/L.|[0044] The artificial seawater is simulated according to the components of the natural seawater, and the artificial seawater is simulated by adding a culture medium into the artificial seawater, wherein the dosage of the drug in the culture medium is converted into the nitrogen and phosphorus content, and then the nitrogen and phosphorus content needs to be met in the natural seawater range. Specifically, the components of the medium include :NaCl:15～30g/L、NaSO4:3～5g/L、KCl:0.3～1g/L、NaHCO3:0.1～0.5g/L、KBr:0.04～0.3g/L、H3BO3:0.01～0.055g/L、NaF:0.001～0.005g/L、MgCl2·6H2O:3～12g/L、CaCl2·2H2O:2～5g/L、SrCl2·6H2O:0.01～0.8g/L、NaNO3:0.65～0.9g/L、NaH2PO4·H2O:0.05～0.08g/L、Na2SiO3·9H2O:20～40mg/L.|[0045] (3) The mixed mineral composed of aluminosilicate mineral and iron-magnesium silicate mineral is applied to the water body containing diatom, and culturing is carried out. The experimental device is a laboratory illumination incubator, and is provided with an indoor light source and a temperature control integrated system.|[0046] The prepared artificial seawater diatom body is moved into a 5L high light transmission conical flask, mixed natural silicate minerals are added after the artificial seawater diatom body is adapted for 3 hours, the artificial seawater diatom body is placed into an illumination incubator, the cultivation temperature is set to be 10-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-10000 lux, the light-dark period is 12 hours of illumination and 12 hours of darkness. The amount of the mixed minerals added into the water body is 5-50 mg/L. The experiment lasts for 10-20 days, shake the conical flask three times a day, and measure pH value and chlorophyll a concentration on the tenth day. Solid samples were collected on day 10 of the experiment and the content of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and sedimentation rate were determined. Wherein chlorophyll a is an important pigment contained in a plurality of photosynthetic pigments of the seaweed, and plays roles in absorbing light energy and transmitting light energy in photosynthesis, the seaweed grows by means of photosynthesis, and the content thereof can reflect the growth condition of the seaweed in the water body. In addition, in the seaweed, chlorophyll a occupies 1% -2% of the dry weight of the organism, so that the seaweed is also an important index for estimating the primary productivity and biomass. Therefore, the biomass of the seaweed can be known by measuring the chlorophyll a content in the water body, so that the growth condition of the seaweed can be effectively mastered.|[0047] The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.|[0048] Example 1|[0049] The culture device adopted in the embodiment is a 5L high light transmission conical flask, the experimental water body is artificial seawater self-matched in a laboratory, a culture medium is added into the artificial seawater, and the components of the culture medium comprise :NaCl:20.76g/L、NaSO4:3.48g/L、KCl:0.59g/L、NaHCO3:0.17g/L、KBr:0.08g/L、H3BO3:0.02g/L、NaF:0.003g/L、MgCl2·6H2O:9.39g/L、CaCl2·2H2O:1.32g/L、SrCl2·6H2O:0.2g/L、NaNO3:0.75g/L、NaH2PO4·H2O:0.05g/L、Na2SiO3·9H2O:30mg/L.|[0050] Inoculating Chaetoceros and sea chain algae into two artificial seawater respectively, wherein the initial density of the inoculating Chaetoceros and sea chain algae is 10000/L, respectively, adding 5L of artificial seawater inoculated with Chaetoceros and 5L of artificial seawater inoculated with sea chain algae into conical flasks, and placing in an illumination incubator. The illumination intensity is set to 2000 lux, the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, and the light-dark period is 12 hours of illumination/12 hours of darkness.|[0051] At the beginning of the experiment, a mineral combination of montmorillonite and olivine (mass ratio of 1:1) was added, and the addition amount of the mixed mineral was 50mg/L. The experiment was continued for 10 days during which the flask was shaken to ensure uniform mineral distribution.|[0052] After the cultivation is finished, the granular organic carbon (POC) is collected, and the content, the sedimentation rate and the pH value of the water body are measured.|[0053] Examples 2 to 4|[0054] This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the mixed minerals added in this example are different from example 1:|[0055] The mixed minerals in example 2 were a mineral combination of montmorillonite and pyroxene (mass ratio of 1:1); |[0056] the mixed minerals in example 3 were a mineral combination of kaolinite and olivine (mass ratio 1:1); |[0057] the mixed mineral in example 4 was a mineral combination of illite and olivine (mass ratio 1:1). |[0058] Examples 5 to 7|[0059] This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in the mixed mineral added in this example is different from example 1:|[0060] The mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in example 5 was 2:1; |[0061] The mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in example 6 was 5:1; |[0062] the mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in example 7 was 10:1. |[0063] Examples 8 to 9|[0064] This example is basically the same as example 1, except that the addition amounts of the mixed minerals are different:|[0065] The addition amount of the mixed mineral in example 8 is 20mg/L; |[0066] The amount of the mixed mineral added in example 9 was 30mg/L. |[0067] Example 10|[0068] Based on the embodiment 1, the embodiment further performs a large-volume water column experiment to verify the carbon fixation efficiency and the pH adjusting effect of the mineral combination of montmorillonite and olivine on various diatom mixed systems (chaetoceros and haichow).|[0069] The experiment adopts an indoor water column device with the diameter of 1.7 m and the height of 3m, the water body is 5 tons of natural seawater after filtration, the mixed algae liquid of the chaetoceros and the haichow algae is inoculated, and the diatom density is 10000/liter.|[0070] At the beginning of the experiment, minerals were added in a ratio (montmorillonite to olivine 1:1) with an application of 50mg/L. The experiment was continued for 10 days, and Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) was collected and its content, sedimentation rate and pH of the water were determined.|[0071] Comparative example 1|[0072] This comparative example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the step of adding the mixed minerals is omitted in this comparative example.|[0073] Comparative example 2|[0074] This comparative example is substantially identical to example 1, except that the mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine in this comparative example is 1:2;|[0075] Comparative example 3 |[0076] This comparative example is substantially the same as example 1 except that only 50mg/L of montmorillonite was added thereto.|[0077] Comparative example 4|[0078] This comparative example is substantially the same as example 1 except that only 50mg/L of olivine was added thereto.|[0079] Comparative example 5|[0080] The comparative example was substantially the same as example 1 except that the aluminosilicate mineral selected in the comparative example was montmorillonite having a specific surface area of 14.12%, an alumina content of 56.2m 2/g, an iron-magnesium silicate mineral was olivine, a magnesium oxide content was 42%, and an iron oxide content was 14%.|[0081] Experimental example|[0082] After the end of the culture in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5, the particulate organic carbon was collected and the organic carbon content, sedimentation rate and pH of the water were measured. The testing method comprises the following steps:|[0083] (1) Organic carbon content 50mL of algae liquid is taken, the supernatant is removed by centrifugation, the algae liquid is washed with deionized water for 3 times, and the sample is weighed after freeze drying. About 2.00mg of the mixed sample was taken, placed in a 6X 12mm tin boat, and carbon element analysis was performed on the samples using a Vario ELIII element analyzer, and each sample was subjected to 3 parallel tests, and the average value was taken for analysis and comparative study, thereby calculating the carbon content of diatom. |[0084] (2) And (3) sedimentation rate, namely fully and uniformly stirring the co-culture system, transferring to a transparent sedimentation column to uniformly distribute the co-culture system, loading a sample into a sedimentation container, recording the initial height, starting timing, recording the sedimentation height and time at certain time intervals, calculating the rate through a formula, and drawing a curve to analyze the sedimentation characteristics.|[0085] (3) The pH value of the water body is that 20ml of sample liquid is taken and filtered, and the filtrate is measured by a pH meter.|[0086] The test results are shown in Table 1:|[0087] TABLE 1 statistical tables of test results for different examples |[0088] |[0089] |[0090] From the above table, it can be seen from the data of example 1 and comparative example 1 that after montmorillonite and olivine are added and combined, the content of the granular organic carbon of chaetoceros and haichow is respectively increased by 22.2% and 27.2%, the sedimentation rate is increased by 10.97 and 19.77 times, and the pH value of the water body is increased by 0.24 and 0.26. As can be seen from the data of example 2 and comparative example 1, the combination of montmorillonite and pyroxene increases the content of organic carbon in particles of chaetoceros and seaweed by 21.3% and 24.1% respectively, increases the sedimentation rate by 17.51 and 17.99 times, and increases the pH value of water by 0.22 and 0.23. As can be seen from the data of example 3 and comparative example 1, after the combination of olivine and kaolinite is added, the content of the granular organic carbon of the chaetoceros and the sea chain algae is respectively improved by 17.5 percent and 16.4 percent, the sedimentation rate is improved by 14.14 and 23.09 times, and the pH value of the water body is improved by 0.13 and 0.10. As can be seen from the data of example 4 and comparative example 1, after the illite and olivine are added for combination, the content of the granular organic carbon of the chaetoceros and the sea chain algae is respectively improved by 10 percent and 10.3 percent, the sedimentation rate is improved by 12.8 and 22.26 times, and the pH value of the water body is improved by 0.04 and 0.02. From the data of examples 5-7, it can be seen that as the content of montmorillonite increases, the content of granular organic carbon of chaetoceros and hainan increases gradually, and the sedimentation rate and the pH of the water body also increase further. From the data of examples 8 to 9, it can be seen that the variation of the addition amount of the mixed minerals resulted in some variation of the content of the granular organic carbon, the sedimentation rate and the pH of the water body of the Chaetoceros and the sea chain algae, but the addition amounts within the scope of the present invention all had good effects. As can be seen from the data of example 10 and comparative example 1, the olivine and montmorillonite 1:1 combination still significantly improved the carbon fixation efficiency of diatoms in a large scale system, compared to the mixed algae without mineral treatment (as data for mixed algae by the average of both chaetoceros and haichow algae in comparative example 1), the particulate organic carbon content of the added mixed minerals increased by 165.7%, the sedimentation rate of the particulate organic carbon increased by 15.8 times, and the pH of the water increased by 0.28.|[0091] From the data of example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 5, it can be seen that when the mass ratio of montmorillonite to olivine is outside the scope of the present application, at this time, too large an amount of olivine causes no significant increase in the organic carbon content of the mixture of chaetoceros and hainan algae, even though the organic carbon content of chaetoceros is slightly decreased, and furthermore, the effect of increasing the sedimentation rate and pH is significantly inferior to that of example 1, and the comparative example is not so much different. When montmorillonite alone or olivine alone was added, the organic carbon content of chaetoceros and hainan was not only not increased but also decreased, and the effect of increasing the sedimentation rate and pH was significantly inferior to that of example 1, and not much from that of comparative example. When the performance index of montmorillonite and olivine is not within the scope of the present application, the effect is also significantly inferior to that of example 1.|[0092] In summary, the method for improving carbon fixation efficiency and pH of diatom in water body provided by the invention is characterized in that the mixture of aluminosilicate mineral and iron-magnesium silicate mineral is applied to the water body, and by utilizing different characteristics of the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral, si and alumina are contained in the aluminosilicate mineral, so that Si nutrient elements required by growth of diatom can be dissolved and released in the water body, and meanwhile, released Al elements can enter the diatom shell to inhibit dissolution of the diatom. The iron-magnesium silicate mineral can dissolve and release nutrient elements such as Si, mg, fe and the like in the water body, thereby promoting the propagation of diatom. In addition, the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral have certain surface adsorption specificity, so that the aluminosilicate mineral and the iron-magnesium silicate mineral flocculate with diatom and accelerate the settling of floccules, thereby increasing the amount of the floccules deposited to the water bottom and improving the carbon fixing efficiency. Meanwhile, the aluminosilicate minerals and the iron-magnesium silicate minerals can also increase the silicon nutrition and bicarbonate of the water body, so that diatom can continuously burst, and the pH value of seawater can be synchronously improved. Therefore, the acidification of the water body such as seawater is inhibited while the carbon fixation amount of the water body is increased.|[0093] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(114445536)|114445536|Advantages / Prev. Drawbacks|(CN119931839 A)|( . . . ) output to the deep sea is not remarkably enhanced , and most of organic carbon carried by diatom is lost due to death , shell dissolution or organic matter decomposition of diatom during sedimentation ( Joo - Eun Yoon et al , Reviews and syntheses : Ocean iron fertilization experiments - past , present , and future looking to a future Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean ( KIFES ) project , Biogeosciences , 2018 ) . has recently been researched ( Zhou Linbin et al , iron - aluminum hypothesis and marine aluminum ( . . . ) | | Biotechnology|Environmental technology | C02F-001/66|C02F-001/68|C02F-103/08|C12N-001/12|C12R-001/89 | C02F-001/66|C02F-001/68|C02F-103/08|C12N-001/12|C12R-001/89 | PENDING | (CN119931839)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN119931839)|ALIVE | (CN119931839)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN119931839|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-01-26|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-01-26|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202510124486|Application date=2025-01-26|Standardized application number=2025CN-0124486|Event publication date=2025-05-06|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN119931839|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-05-06|Standardized publication number=CN119931839|Event publication date=2025-05-06|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-05-23|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN119931839)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoRS+9dogkwIuVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077407096&ekey=2370&xpn=CN119931839&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=xC%252BSAmCQPPl86f0iBISIu5NXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN119931839)|CN | (CN119931839)|NAME=GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN119931839)|NAME=SUN HONGYAN;CHOFN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY , REG=11463 | (CN119931839)|NAME=YUAN PENG|NAME=LIU DONG|NAME=YAN WEI|NAME=YU RONGDA | yes | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN119931839)|1 | (CN119931839)|9 | (CN119931839)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN119931839)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-05-06|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-1901|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10| | (CN119931839)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN119931839)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | CN202410438768 | US18/792,603|CN202410438768 | US20250319438|CN118330669 | 110581221 | US20250319438 A1 2025-10-16 [US20250319438]|CN118330669 A 2024-07-12 [CN118330669] | 2024-04-12 | 2024-08-02|2024-04-12 | 2025-10-16|2024-07-12 | (US20250319438)|2044-08-02|(CN118330669)|2044-04-12 | (US20250319438)|Lidar system and inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters | (US20250319438)|A lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters. The information of Mie scattering and Brillouin scattering intensity and the information of frequency shift and linewidth of Brillouin scattering spectra are combined, and for the detection requirements of the current ocean carbon cycle and dynamic environmental parameters, the vertical profile distribution of the carbon cycle mechanism and environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer is mainly detected; at the same time, the present disclosure constructs an inversion model of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the temperature and salinity of the environmental dynamic parameters and realizes the synchronous detection of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of the ocean environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer. | GUANGDONG LABORATORY OF SOUTHERN OCEAN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING GUANGZHOU | (US20250319438)|SOUTHERN MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GUANGDONG LABORATORY(GUANGZHOU) ([CN])|(CN118330669)|GUANGDONG LABORATORY OF SOUTHERN OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (GUANGZHOU) ([CN]) | YUAN DAPENG|PAN DELU | (US20250319438)|YUAN Dapeng|PAN Delu | (CN118330669)|JIA YUXIA;HANGZHOU QIUSHI PATENT OFFICE CO.,LTD.|Reg. Nb: 33200 | (US20250319438)|Therefore, it is of great significance to detect the vertical profile of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and obtain the vertical profile distribution of water dynamic environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, etc.) for the study of ocean ecological environmental dynamics and the sustainable utilization of marine living resources.|Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump for global climate change and the ocean carbon cycle.| | (US20250319438)|1. A lidar system for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters, wherein the lidar system comprises a vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem, a first beam splitter, a first photodetector, a first reflecting mirror, a telescope, a second reflecting mirror, a bandpass filter, a second beam splitter, a third reflecting mirror, a second photodetector, a third beam splitter, a fourth reflecting mirror, a First Fabry-Perot interferometer, a third photodetector, a focusing lens, a pinhole filter, a beam expander, a Second Fabry-Perot interferometer, an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) acquisition subsystem, an adaptive gain controller, a data acquisition card, a digital delay pulse generator and computer; wherein the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem emits a narrow linewidth laser pulse of 532 nm; wherein the first beam splitter and the first reflecting mirror form a first beam splitting unit, and the first beam splitter is configured to split a laser into two beams, wherein one beam is received by the first photodetector, and the first photodetector monitors the stability of a power of a laser pulse emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem in real time; and the other beam is incident into seawater after passing through the first reflecting mirror to generate a backscattered signal; wherein the telescope is configured to receive the backscattered signal generated by the laser pulse in the seawater; wherein the second reflecting mirror, the bandpass filter, the second beam splitter, and the third reflecting mirror form a second beam splitting unit, and the backscattered signal received by the telescope passes through the second reflecting mirror and the bandpass filter in turn and then is incident into the second beam splitter, the second beam splitter splits a laser beam into two beams, with one beam entering the second photodetector through the third reflecting mirror, and other beam entering a third beam splitting unit comprising the third beam splitter and the fourth reflecting mirror; wherein the third beam splitter splits the laser beam into two beams, wherein one beam is received by the third photodetector after passing through the fourth reflecting mirror and the First Fabry-Perot interferometer in turn, and the other beam is incident into a collimating filter unit comprising the focusing lens, the pinhole filter, and the beam expander; and after the backscattered signal is focused by the focusing lens, stray light in the backscattered signal is filtered out by the pinhole filter and then enters the ICCD acquisition subsystem through the beam expander; and wherein the adaptive gain controller and the data acquisition card form a data acquisition unit, wherein the adaptive gain controller is configured to control gain coefficients of the first photodetector, the second photodetector, and the third photodetector; signals acquired by the first photodetector, the second photodetector, the third photodetector, and the ICCD acquisition subsystem are collected by the data acquisition card and then enter the computer, and the computer corrects and processes lidar backscattered data received by the data acquisition card in real-time; and the digital delay pulse generator is configured to control time delays of the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem and the ICCD acquisition subsystem.| | (US20250319438)|In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present disclosure discloses a lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters.|The object and effect of the present disclosure will become more apparent when the present disclosure is described in detail according to the attached drawings and preferred embodiments.|The present disclosure relates to the field of ocean optical detection, and in particular, to a lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters.| | (US20250319438)|LIDAR(100,42)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(100,29)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,28)|OCEANIC BIOLOGICAL PUMP(100,28)|DYNAMIC PARAMETER(100,27)|OCEAN DYNAMIC PARAMETER(100,22)|INVERSION METHOD(100,13)|SIMULTANEOUSLY DETECTING CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,6)|POLARIZED LASER TRANSMITTER SUBSYSTEM(88,16)|REFLECTING MIRROR(77,35)|FABRY PEROT INTERFEROMETER(71,13)|OCEAN ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS(68,1)|PHOTODETECTOR(63,41)|LASER TRANSMITTER SUBSYSTEM(63,16)|ACQUISITION SUBSYSTEM(62,17)|BRILLOUIN BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT(55,3)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS(52,1)|MARINE LIVING RESOURCE(49,1)|ADAPTIVE GAIN CONTROLLER(48,10)|BACKSCATTERED SIGNAL(47,26)|PARTICULATE BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT PROFILE(45,4)|PHOTODETECTOR COEFFICIENT(45,1)|FOCUSING LENS(40,10)|PINHOLE FILTER(40,8)|DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(37,3)|DYNAMIC PARAMETER SALINITY(37,1)|BEAM SPLITTER(36,32)|Z DEPTH(34,20)|PROFILE DISTRIBUTION(34,11)|EUPHOTIC LAYER(33,14)|LIDAR BACKSCATTERED DATA(32,2)|SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION(30,2)|LIDAR TRACK PAR(29,2)|TELESCOPE(28,13)|SALINITY(27,14)|PHYTOPLANKTON CARBON BIOMASS PROFILE(27,3)|OCEAN DYNAMIC PARAMETER PROFILE(27,2)|SIGNIFICANCE(27,2)|ACCUMULATING POC(27,1)|DATA ACQUISITION CARD(26,10)|INTERFERENCE CIRCLE(26,8)|OCEAN OPTICAL DETECTION(26,1)|SEAWATER TEMPERATURE(25,10)|SEAWATER REFRACTIVE INDEX(25,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON CARBON PROFILE(25,1)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING INTENSITY INFORMATION(24,11)|SUBSTEP(24,7)|ADAPTIVE MEDIAN FILTER(24,6)|GRAY IMAGE(23,8)|FILTER COLLIMATION(23,4)|BINARIZATION THRESHOLD(23,2)|FITTING COEFFICIENT(22,4)|CHLOROPHYL PROFILE(22,2)|SEAWATER(21,7)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING SPECTRUM(21,2)|ADAPTIVE THRESHOLD(21,1)|BEAM SPLITTING(20,10)|IDENTIFIED CONCENTRIC SCATTERING(20,2)|BANDPASS FILTER(19,14)|BEAM EXPANDER(19,10)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING FREQUENCY SHIFT(19,5)|THRESHOLD PARAMETER(19,1)|HYBRID CHANNEL(18,4)|MIE SCATTERING INFORMATION(18,1)|OCEAN CARBON CYCLE(17,4)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING INTENSITY CHANNEL(17,2)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON STOCKPOCSTOCKLIDARIN(17,2)|WATER DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER(17,2)|BINARIZED IMAGE(16,4)|GEOMETRIC RADIUS(16,2)|OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY PROFILE(16,2)|SEAWATER SOUND VELOCITY(16,2)|DATA ACQUISITION(15,16)|PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY AVAILABLE RADIATION PROFILE(15,2)|SEAWATER DENSITY(15,2)|FORMULABBPLIDAR(15,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH RATE(14,4)|BODY LIDAR ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT(14,2)|REQUIRING DETECTION(14,2)|LASER PULSE(13,9)|DIGITAL DELAY PULSE GENERATOR(13,7)|MIE SCATTERING INTENSITY INFORMATION(13,5)|BACKSCATTERED SIGNAL INTENSITY(13,4)|INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION IMAGE(13,3)|SHEAR VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT(13,2)|BULK VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT(12,2)|ANDSTEP(12,1)|LASER BEAM(11,5)|FSR(11,4)|PREPROCESSING(11,2)|SCATTERING ANGLE(11,2)|TRANSMITTANCE(11,2)|SPOT(11,1)|DIGITAL DELAY(10,7)|PULSE GENERATOR(10,7)|IMAGE PROCESSING(10,3)|CENTRAL WAVELENGTH(10,2)|OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS(10,1)|CARBON CYCLE(9,5)|LABORATORY(9,2)|TOTAL OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(9,2)|CYLINDRICAL LENS BEAM(9,1)|OCEAN WATER(8,11)|WATER BODY BRILLOUIN SCATTERING(8,7)|FREQUENCY SPECTRUM INFORMATION(8,6)|DDZ LN(8,2)|LIDAR OPERATION PLATFORM HEIGHT(8,2)|LINEAR FITTING MODEL(8,2)|PEPPER NOISE(8,2)|WATER BODY PARTICULATE BACKSCATTERING(8,2)|DINOUIN BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT(8,1)|GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE(8,1)|OCEAN OPTICAL DETECTION FIELD(8,1)|CONCENTRATION DATA(7,2)|EDGE PROCESSING(6,2)|FULL WIDTH(6,2)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING LINE WIDTH(6,1)|OCEAN LIDAR DETECTION(6,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON OUTPUT(5,5)|STRAY LIGHT(5,5)|ORDER ELASTIC SCATTERING(5,4)|BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE NAVIGATION(5,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION SYNCHRONOUS DETECTION(5,2)|CONVERSION FACTOR(5,2)|REFLECTING MIRROR FORM(4,4)|FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP(4,2)|ORDER BRILLOUIN SCATTERING(4,2)|LIDAR BACKSCATTERED SIGNAL(4,1)|OCEANIC BIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP(4,1)|PINHOLE(3,3)|WATER BODY BACKSCATTERED SIGNAL(3,3)|WATER BODY PARTICLE(3,3)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING SPECTRUM INFORMATION(3,1)|COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS(3,1)|CONVERGING BEAM(3,1)|DEEP INSIGHT(3,1)|DYNAMIC PARAMETER PROFILE DISTRIBUTION(3,1)|GAUSSIAN LAPLACIAN OPERATOR(3,1)|PREWITT OPERATOR(3,1)||(CN118330669)|PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR(100,42)|LASER RADAR(100,37)|MARINE ORGANISM(100,26)|CARBON FIXATION(100,25)|DYNAMIC PARAMETER(100,20)|MARINE ORGANISM PUMP(100,19)|INVERSION METHOD(100,11)|SIMULTANEOUSLY DETECTING CARBON FIXATION(100,7)|ICCD ACQUISITION SUBSYSTEM(77,12)|FABRY PEROT INTERFEROMETER(71,14)|ICCD COLLECTING SUBSYSTEM(71,5)|REFLECTING MIRROR(57,27)|BRILLOUIN BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT(49,6)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING(48,47)|SPECTROSCOPE(47,23)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING SPECTRUM(47,2)|MARINE ORGANISM KINETIC PARAMETER(47,2)|DYNAMIC PARAMETER SALINITY(46,1)|FOCUSING LENS(41,10)|PINHOLE FILTER(40,8)|BANDPASS FILTER(39,9)|PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR GAIN COEFFICIENT(39,2)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING INTENSITY INFORMATION(37,14)|MARINE KINETIC PARAMETER PROFILE(37,1)|PROFILE DISTRIBUTION(36,12)|MARINE CARBON CIRCULATION(36,5)|DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(36,4)|POLARIZED LIGHT EMISSION SUBSYSTEM(35,8)|BACKSCATTERING SIGNAL(32,11)|BACKWARD SCATTERING SIGNAL(32,5)|FACULA GEOMETRIC RADIUS(31,2)|REQUIRING DETECTION(31,2)|DATA COLLECTION CARD(30,4)|DYNAMIC PARAMETER PROFILE DISTRIBUTION(30,4)|TELESCOPE(29,12)|LASER RADAR TRACK(28,14)|SELF ADAPTIVE GAIN CONTROLLER(27,6)|ADAPTIVE GAIN CONTROLLER(27,4)|OCEAN OPTICAL DETECTION(27,1)|INTENSITY INFORMATION(26,18)|LIGHT SPLITTING(26,4)|CARBON CIRCULATION(26,1)|OPP IIDAR(26,1)|POC KIDAR(26,1)|GAIN CONTROLLER(25,6)|OCEAN BIOLOGICAL PUMP(25,1)|SEAWATER REFRACTIVE INDEX(24,6)|WATER PARTICLE BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT(24,6)|COLLIMATION FILTER(24,4)|TRANSMITTER SUBSYSTEM(24,4)|SEAWATER TEMPERATURE(23,15)|BACKWARD SCATTERING COEFFICIENT(23,3)|GAIN COEFFICIENT(23,2)|MIT SCATTERING INTENSITY INFORMATION(23,1)|OPP LIDAR(22,4)|DIVIDING LASER(22,2)|REAL OPTICAL LAYER(22,2)|SEAWATER(21,8)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(20,9)|LASER RADAR TRAJECTORY(20,1)|FITTING COEFFICIENT(19,6)|PHYTOPLANKTON CARBON BIOMASS SECTION(19,5)|POLARIZED LIGHT TRANSMITTER SUBSYSTEM(19,4)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING FREQUENCY SHIFT(18,8)|SYNCHRONOUS DETECTION(18,3)|CONCENTRIC SCATTERING RING(18,2)|OCEAN BODY LIDAR(18,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CALCULATION(18,1)|GRAY IMAGE(17,7)|DATA ACQUISITION CARD(17,6)|LIGHT SPOT(17,6)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT DYNAMICS PARAMETER(17,3)|ECHO SIGNAL(17,2)|REFLECTOR(17,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION(17,1)|INVERSION(17,1)|LASER RADAR TRACE(17,1)|BINARIZED IMAGE(16,5)|ACCUMULATION CALCULATION(16,3)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING CIRCULAR RADIUS(16,3)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING INTENSITY CHANNEL(16,3)|LASER RADAR ECHO DATA(16,3)|PI RADIAN(16,3)|SEAWATER SOUND VELOCITY(16,3)|THRESHOLD PARAMETER(16,3)|WAVELENGTH LAMBDA(16,3)|ADDITIVE CALCULATION(16,2)|SCATTERING(16,1)|DEPTH Z(15,9)|SEAWATER DENSITY(15,3)|SECTION CHL LIDAR(15,3)|SIMULTANEOUSLY DETECTING CARBON SEQUESTRATION(15,3)|CIRCLE RADIUS(14,6)|SUBSTEP(14,6)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFECTIVE RADIATION(14,3)|LABORATORY MEASURED PARTICLE(14,2)|DIGITAL DELAY PULSE GENERATOR(13,7)|MIXING(13,6)|SELF ADAPTIVE MEDIAN FILTER(13,6)|SHEAR VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT(13,3)|FILTERING SALT(13,2)|RADIUS IDENTIFICATION(13,2)|BULK VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT(12,3)|ECHO DATA(12,3)|ELASTIC SCATTERING CIRCULAR RADIUS(12,3)|MIE SCATTERING(12,3)|SECTION PAR LIDAR(12,3)|SELF ADAPTIVE THRESHOLD(12,2)|CENTRAL WAVELENGTH(12,1)|DATA ACQUISITION(11,12)|FREQUENCY SHIFT(11,10)|INTERFERENCE RING(11,3)|SIMULATION PROCESSING(11,2)|WIDTH INFORMATION(11,1)|DIGITAL DELAY(10,7)|PULSE GENERATOR(10,7)|LASER PULSE(10,6)|BEAM SPLITTER(10,5)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH RATE PROFILE(10,4)|CHLOROPHYL(10,3)|LIDAR TRAJECTORY(10,3)|TRANSMITTANCE(10,3)|SHORT WAVE(10,1)|DELTAV B(9,5)|GRAY PROCESSING(9,3)|WIDTH LASER PULSE(9,3)|OCEAN WATER(8,15)|FREQUENCY SPECTRUM INFORMATION(8,6)|LASER PULSE POWER(8,3)|MARINE WATER PARTICLE(8,3)|BINARIZATION THRESHOLD VALUE(8,2)|CYLINDRICAL LENS BEAM(8,2)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(8,2)|OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY SECTION(8,2)|VACUUM LAYER(8,2)|OCEAN OPTICAL DETECTION FIELD(8,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON RESERVE(7,4)|POLARIZED LIGHT(7,4)|LINEAR FITTING MODEL(7,3)|PEPPER NOISE(7,3)|SPECTRUM INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION IMAGE(7,2)|SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION(7,2)|REAL LIGHT LAYER(7,1)|LIGHT BEAM(6,9)|TRUE LIGHT LAYER(6,9)|WATER BODY BRILLOUIN SCATTERING(6,6)|FULL WIDTH(6,3)|MARINE ORGANISM RESOURCE(6,2)|ICCD ACQUISITION(6,1)|MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS PARAMETER(6,1)|PROFILE POC LIDAR(6,1)|LINE WIDTH GAMMA(5,6)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON OUTPUT(5,6)|STRAY LIGHT(5,5)|EUTECTOID LAYER(5,3)|PREWITT OPERATOR(5,2)|WATER BODY ENVIRONMENT(5,2)|PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR COEFFICIENT(5,1)|WATER BODY PARTICULATE MATTER(4,6)|BANDPASS(4,3)|CONVERSION FACTOR(4,3)|EDGE PROCESSING(4,3)|FUNCTIONAL RELATION(4,3)|INTENSITY B(4,3)|LASER RADAR OPERATION PLATFORM(4,3)|PINHOLE(4,3)|MARINE BIOLOGICAL PUMP(4,2)|MIE SCATTERING INTENSITY INFORMATION(4,2)|ORGANIC CARBON CONCENTRATION DATA(4,2)|PARTICLE ORGANIC CARBON SECTION(4,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(4,2)|DYNAMIC PARAMETER PROFILE(4,1)|GAUSSIAN LAPLACIAN OPERATOR(4,1)|MARINE LIVING THING PUMP(4,1)|OCEAN BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE(4,1)|OCEAN LASER RADAR DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|PRIMARY MARINE PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|RICE SCATTERING INTENSITY INFORMATION(4,1)|LINE WIDTH(3,4)|VERTICAL POLARIZATION LIGHT EMITTING(3,4)|BIOPUMP CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|BRILLOUIN SCATTERING SPECTRUM INFORMATION(3,1)|BULK CALCULATION(3,1)|DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH(3,1)|MARINE BIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP(3,1)|METER SCATTERING INTENSITY INFORMATION(3,1)|OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY PROFILE(3,1)|PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR III(3,1)|ROBINSON OPERATOR(3,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|SPLIT LASER(3,1)| | (US20250319438)|What is claimed is:|1. A lidar system for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters, wherein the lidar system comprises a vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem, a first beam splitter, a first photodetector, a first reflecting mirror, a telescope, a second reflecting mirror, a bandpass filter, a second beam splitter, a third reflecting mirror, a second photodetector, a third beam splitter, a fourth reflecting mirror, a First Fabry-Perot interferometer, a third photodetector, a focusing lens, a pinhole filter, a beam expander, a Second Fabry-Perot interferometer, an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) acquisition subsystem, an adaptive gain controller, a data acquisition card, a digital delay pulse generator and computer;| wherein the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem emits a narrow linewidth laser pulse of 532 nm;| wherein the first beam splitter and the first reflecting mirror form a first beam splitting unit, and the first beam splitter is configured to split a laser into two beams, wherein one beam is received by the first photodetector, and the first photodetector monitors the stability of a power of a laser pulse emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem in real time; and the other beam is incident into seawater after passing through the first reflecting mirror to generate a backscattered signal;| wherein the telescope is configured to receive the backscattered signal generated by the laser pulse in the seawater;| wherein the second reflecting mirror, the bandpass filter, the second beam splitter, and the third reflecting mirror form a second beam splitting unit, and the backscattered signal received by the telescope passes through the second reflecting mirror and the bandpass filter in turn and then is incident into the second beam splitter, the second beam splitter splits a laser beam into two beams, with one beam entering the second photodetector through the third reflecting mirror, and other beam entering a third beam splitting unit comprising the third beam splitter and the fourth reflecting mirror;| wherein the third beam splitter splits the laser beam into two beams, wherein one beam is received by the third photodetector after passing through the fourth reflecting mirror and the First Fabry-Perot interferometer in turn, and the other beam is incident into a collimating filter unit comprising the focusing lens, the pinhole filter, and the beam expander; and after the backscattered signal is focused by the focusing lens, stray light in the backscattered signal is filtered out by the pinhole filter and then enters the ICCD acquisition subsystem through the beam expander; and| wherein the adaptive gain controller and the data acquisition card form a data acquisition unit, wherein the adaptive gain controller is configured to control gain coefficients of the first photodetector, the second photodetector, and the third photodetector; signals acquired by the first photodetector, the second photodetector, the third photodetector, and the ICCD acquisition subsystem are collected by the data acquisition card and then enter the computer, and the computer corrects and processes lidar backscattered data received by the data acquisition card in real-time; and the digital delay pulse generator is configured to control time delays of the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem and the ICCD acquisition subsystem.|2. The lidar system according to claim 1, wherein the bandpass filter has a central wavelength of 532 nm, a transmittance of more than 90%, a short-wave cut-off range of 200 nm-520 nm, and a long-wave cut-off range of 540 nm-1200 nm.|3. An inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters, wherein the inversion method is realized based on the lidar system according to claim 1, and the inversion method comprises the following steps:| step S1: making a laser pulse with a wavelength of/emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem incident into an ocean water body through a sea surface, dividing the backscattered signal generated in the ocean water body into a hybrid receiving channel, a Brillouin scattering intensity information receiving channel and a Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information receiving channel after being received by the telescope, preprocessing received Mie scattering intensity information, Brillouin scattering intensity information and Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information, reserving the backscattered signal of the water body, and obtaining a backscattered signal Sp(λ, z) of water body particles, a water body Brillouin scattering intensity Sb(λ, z) at a z depth, and water body Brillouin scattering interference circles at different depths; and| step S2, calculating the carbon sequestration efficiency Epoc of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of the ocean environmental dynamic parameters along lidar tracks, respectively.|4. The inversion method according to claim 3, wherein calculating the carbon sequestration efficiency Epoc of the oceanic biological pump along lidar tracks in step S2 comprises the following sub-steps:| sub-step 1.1, calculating an ocean water body lidar attenuation coefficient Klidar(λ, z) at the z depth by the following formula:|where Sb(λ, z) represents the Brillouin scattering intensity information of the water body at the z depth, Cb represents a system constant of a Brillouin scattering intensity channel, n represents a refractive index of the seawater, H represents the height of a lidar operation platform from the sea surface, and|represents a Brillouin backscattering coefficient at the z depth;| sub-step 1.2, calculating a volume scattering coefficient|at a scattering angle of π by the following formula:|where Sp(λ, z) represents an intensity of the backscattered signal received by a hybrid channel at the z depth, Cp represents a system constant of the hybrid channel, and|represents a Brillouin backscattering coefficient at the z depth;| sub-step 1.3, calculating the ocean water body particulate backscattering coefficient|along the lidar tracks at the z depth by the following formula|where χ represents a conversion factor between| sub-step 1.4, based on the vertical profile of particulate backscattering coefficient along the lidar tracks|and the vertical profile of photosynthetically available radiation along the lidar tracks PARlidar(z), calculating the vertical profile of chlorophyll concentration along the lidar tracks Chllidar(z), the vertical profile of phytoplankton carbon biomass along the lidar tracks|and the vertical profile of phytoplankton growth rate along the lidar tracks μlidar(z) in turn;| sub-step 1.5, calculating the vertical profile of ocean primary productivity along the lidar tracks OPPlidar(z) based on the vertical profile of phytoplankton carbon biomass|and the vertical profile of the phytoplankton growth rate μlidar(z), and accumulating the ocean primary productivity OPPlidar(z) along the depth of z to obtain the total ocean primary productivity OPPtotal in the euphotic layer:|and based on the vertical profile of the particulate backscattering coefficient along the lidar tracks|and the particulate organic carbon concentration data measured in the laboratory, establishing a linear fitting model to calculate the vertical profile of particulate organic carbon along the lidar tracks POClidar(z); accumulating POClidar(z) along the depth of z to obtain a particulate organic carbon stock|in the euphotic layer; and calculating a particulate organic carbon output flux|based on the particulate organic carbon stock|in the euphotic layer:|where a1 and a2 are both fitting coefficients of the water body particulate backscattering coefficient|and the particulate organic carbon concentration; b1 and b2 are both fitting coefficients between the particulate organic carbon stock|and the particulate organic carbon output flux|and| sub-step 1.6, calculating the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump EBCP in the euphotic layer by the following formula:|5. The inversion method according to claim 3, wherein calculating the vertical profile of ocean environmental dynamic parameters along lidar tracks comprises the following sub-steps:| sub-step 2.1, carrying out gray processing on the water body Brillouin scattering interference circles acquired by the ICCD acquisition subsystem to obtain a gray image;| sub-step 2.2, processing the gray image by using an adaptive median filter to filter out salt and pepper noises in the gray image;| sub-step 2.3, carrying out a binary function processing on the gray image processed by the adaptive median filter to determine an optimal binarization threshold and obtain a binarized image; carrying out an edge processing on the binarized image to obtain an optimal edge function processed image; using an adaptive threshold processing function to obtain an optimal threshold parameter of an edge algorithm, and carrying out circle identification on the optimal edge function processed image to obtain a first-order elastic scattering circle radius|a second-order Brillouin scattering circle radius|and a second-order elastic scattering circle radius|respectively; and using an identified concentric scattering circle radius and a free spectral range FSR of a Fabry-Perot interferometer to obtain a Brillouin scattering frequency shift Δvb:| simulating, by a cylindrical lens beam transmission function, the gray image processed by the adaptive median filter to obtain a point-like spectrum intensity distribution image of different interference circles, and acquiring a Brillouin scattering linewidth Γb:|where r1 represents a geometric radius of the center of the first spot of the point-like spectrum intensity distribution image,|represents a full width at half maximum of the first spot in the point-like spectrum intensity distribution image, and a represents the distance between the center of a second spot and the center of the first spot; and| sub-step 2.4, repeating sub-step 2.1 to sub-step 2.3, calculating a Brillouin scattering frequency shift Δvb(S, T, Z) and a linewidth Γb(S, T, Z) with a salinity of S and a seawater temperature of T at the z depth, establishing a functional relationship between the seawater temperature T, the salinity S and a depth of Z and the Brillouin scattering frequency shift and the linewidth, and obtaining the vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters along the lidar tracks:|where n(S, T, Z) represents a seawater refractive index at the depth Z, with the salinity S and the seawater temperature T, Vs(S, T, Z) represents a seawater sound velocity at the depth Z, with the salinity S and the seawater temperature T, ηb represents a bulk viscosity coefficient, ηs represents a shear viscosity coefficient, and ρ(S,T,Z) represents a seawater density at the Z depth, with the salinity S and the seawater temperature T. | (US20250319438)|CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS|[0001] The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410438768.0, filed on Apr. 12, 2024, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.|(US20250319438)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of ocean optical detection, and in particular, to a lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters.|BACKGROUND|[0003] An oceanic biological pump is a process in which the photosynthesis of ocean phytoplankton produces Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and the POC is transferred from the upper water body to the deep water body and even to the seabed through a series of biological processes such as feeding by zooplankton and settling of particulate matter, and it plays a key role in regulating the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and ocean carbon cycle. At the same time, Ocean Primary Productivity (OPP) and POC output flux can directly characterize the photosynthetic rate of ocean phytoplankton and the operating capacity of the oceanic biological carbon pump, and the ratio of the POC output flux to the OPP can measure the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump for global climate change and the ocean carbon cycle. On the other hand, the temperature and salinity of seawater are the main dynamic environmental parameters of water, and its vertical profile structure determines the distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton. At the same time, ocean dynamic environmental processes (such as vortex, thermocline, upwelling, etc.) are closely related to marine biological resources. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect the vertical profile of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and obtain the vertical profile distribution of water dynamic environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, etc.) for the study of ocean ecological environmental dynamics and the sustainable utilization of marine living resources. At present, the existing lidar technology cannot simultaneously obtain the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new ocean lidar detection technology to realize synchronous detection of carbon sequestration efficiency of the biological pump and vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer.|SUMMARY|[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present disclosure discloses a lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters. The system combines Mie scattering, Brillouin scattering intensity information, and Brillouin scattering spectra (frequency shift and linewidth) information, and focuses on detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer for the detection requirements of the current ocean carbon cycle and environmental dynamic parameters.|[0005] The object of the present disclosure is achieved through the following technical solutions:|[0006] A lidar system for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters includes a vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem, a first beam splitter, a first photodetector, a first reflecting mirror, a telescope, a second reflecting mirror, a bandpass filter, a second beam splitter, a third reflecting mirror, a second photodetector, a third beam splitter, a fourth reflecting mirror, a first Fabry-Perot interferometer, a third photodetector, a focusing lens, a pinhole filter, a beam expander, a second Fabry-Perot interferometer, an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) acquisition subsystem, an adaptive gain controller, a data acquisition card, a digital delay pulse generator and computer.|[0007] The vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem (1) emits a narrow linewidth laser pulse of 532 nm.|[0008] The first beam splitter and the first reflecting mirror form a first beam splitting unit, and the first beam splitter is configured to split the laser into two beams, One beam is received by the first photodetector, and the first photodetector monitors the stability of the power of the laser pulse emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem in real-time, and other beam is incident into seawater after passing through the first reflecting mirror to generate a backscattered signal.|[0009] The telescope is configured to receive the backscattered signal generated by the laser pulse in the seawater.|[0010] The second reflecting mirror, the bandpass filter, the second beam splitter, and the third reflecting mirror form a second beam splitting unit, and the backscattered signal received by the telescope passes through the second reflecting mirror and the bandpass filter in turn and then is incident into the second beam splitter; the second beam splitter splits a laser beam into two beams, with one beam entering the second photodetector through the third reflecting mirror, and the other beam entering a third beam splitting unit consisting of the third beam splitter and the fourth reflecting mirror.|[0011] The third beam splitter splits the beam into two beams, one beam being received by the third photodetector after passing through the fourth reflecting mirror and the first Fabry-Perot interferometer in turn, and the other beam being incident into a collimating filter unit consisting of the focusing lens, the pinhole filter, and the beam expander; after the backscattered signal is focused by the focusing lens, the stray light in the backscattered signal is filtered out by the pinhole filter and then enters the ICCD acquisition subsystem through the beam expander.|[0012] The adaptive gain controller and the data acquisition card form a data acquisition unit. The adaptive gain controller is configured to control the gain coefficients of the first photodetector, the second photodetector, and the third photodetector; signals acquired by the first photodetector, the second photodetector, the third photodetector, and the ICCD acquisition subsystem are collected by the data acquisition card and then enter the computer, and the computer corrects and processes lidar data received by the data acquisition card in real time; the digital delay pulse generator is configured to control time delays of the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem and the ICCD acquisition subsystem.|[0013] An inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters is realized based on the lidar system, and the inversion method includes:|[0014] S1: making a laser pulse with a wavelength of A emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem incident into an ocean water body through a sea surface, dividing the backscattered signal generated in the ocean water body into a hybrid receiving channel, a|[0015] Brillouin scattering intensity information receiving channel and a Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information receiving channel after being received by the telescope, preprocessing received Mie scattering intensity information, Brillouin scattering intensity information and Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information, reserving the backscattered signal of the water body, and obtaining a backscattered signal Sp(λ, z) of water body particles, a water body Brillouin scattering intensity Sb(λ, z) at a z depth, and water body Brillouin scattering interference circles at different depths.|[0016] S2, calculating the carbon sequestration efficiency Epoc of the oceanic biological pump and vertical profile distribution of the environmental dynamic parameters along lidar tracks, respectively.|[0017] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:|[0018] Compared to the related art, according to the lidar system and the inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters, based on Mie scattering intensity information, Brillouin scattering intensity information and Brillouin scattering spectrum information, not only can acquire subsurface data on water bodies, but also achieve the synchronous detection of carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and vertical profile of environmental dynamic parameters (temperature and salinity), thereby enabling comprehensive analysis of the vertical structure of marine ecosystems and carbon cycling processes, and facilitating advancements in research on ocean carbon cycling, ecosystem carbon sinks, ocean environmental dynamic processes (such as eddies, thermoclines, upwelling, etc.), and sustainable utilization of marine biological resources. By gaining deeper insights into biological and physical processes in the ocean, this technology can provide important support and reference for ecological conservation, resource management, and climate change studies.|(US20250319438)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0019] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lidar system for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.|[0020] In the figure: Vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1, First beam splitter 2, First photodetector 3, First reflecting mirror 4, Seawater 5, Telescope 6, Second reflecting mirror 7, Bandpass filter 8, Second beam splitter 9, Third reflecting mirror 10, Second photodetector 11, Third beam splitter 12, Fourth reflecting mirror 13, First Fabry-Perot interferometer 14, Third photodetector 15, Focusing lens 16, Pinhole filter 17, Beam expander 18, Second Fabry-Perot interferometer 19, ICCD acquisition subsystem 20, Adaptive gain controller 21, Data acquisition card 22, Digital delay pulse generator 23, and Computer 24;|[0021] FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters in this embodiment.|[0022] FIG. 3 is the result of processing interference circles with different edge functions of the present disclosure.|[0023] FIG. 4 is an identification result of interference circles.|(US20250319438)|DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS|[0024] The object and effect of the present disclosure will become more apparent when the present disclosure is described in detail according to the attached drawings and preferred embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only for explaining the present disclosure and are not used to limit the present disclosure.|[0025] As shown in FIG. 1, a lidar system for detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters of the present disclosure, includes a vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1, a first beam splitter 2, a first photodetector 3, a first reflecting mirror 4, a telescope 6, a second reflecting mirror 7, a bandpass filter 8, a second beam splitter 9, a third reflecting mirror 10, a second photodetector 11, a third beam splitter 12, a fourth reflecting mirror 13, a First Fabry-Perot interferometer 14, a third photodetector 15, a focusing lens 16, a pinhole filter 17, a beam expander 18, a Second Fabry-Perot interferometer 19, an ICCD acquisition subsystem 20, an adaptive gain controller 21, a data acquisition card 22, a digital delay pulse generator 23 and computer 24.|[0026] The vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1 emits a narrow linewidth laser pulse of 532 nm.|[0027] The first beam splitter 2 and the first reflecting mirror 4 form a first beam splitting unit, and the first beam splitter 2 is configured for splitting laser into two beams, one of which is received by the first photodetector 3, and the first photodetector 3 monitors the stability of power of the laser pulse emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1 in real time; the other beam is incident into seawater 5 after passing through the first reflecting mirror 4 to generate a backscattered signal.|[0028] The telescope 6 is configured for receiving the backscattered signal generated by the laser pulse in seawater.|[0029] The bandpass filter 8 is used to filter out background noise and stray light in the lidar backscattered signal. After the bandpass filter 8 filters out the background noise and stray light, the laser beam enters the second beam splitting unit. In an embodiment, the central wavelength of the bandpass filter 8 is 532 nm, the transmittance is more than 90%, the short-wave cutoff range is 200-520 nm, and the long-wave cutoff range is 540-1200 nm.|[0030] The second reflecting mirror 7, the bandpass filter 8, the second beam splitter 9, and the third reflecting mirror 10 form a second beam splitting unit, and the backscattered signal received by the telescope 6 passes through the second reflecting mirror 7 and the bandpass filter 8 in turn and then is incident into the second beam splitter 9; the second beam splitter 9 splits a laser beam into two beams, with one beam entering the second photodetector 11 through the third reflecting mirror 10; the intensity information of Mie scattering and Brillouin scattering is received by the second photodetector, and the other beam enters the third beam splitting unit.|[0031] The third beam splitter 12 splits the beam into two beams, one beam being received for the intensity information of Brillouin scattering by the third photodetector 15 after passing through the fourth reflecting mirror 13 and the First Fabry-Perot interferometer 14 in turn, and the other beam being incident into a collimating filter unit.|[0032] The collimating filter unit consists of the focusing lens 16, the pinhole filter 17, and the beam expander 18; after being focused by the focusing lens 16, the backscattered signal enters the pinhole filter 17, and the stray light in the backscattered signal is filtered out by the pinhole filter 17, and then enters the ICCD acquisition subsystem 20 through the beam expander 18.|[0033] The adaptive gain controller 21 and the data acquisition card 22 form a data acquisition unit; the adaptive gain controller 21 is configured for controlling gain coefficients of the first photodetector 3, the second photodetector 11, and the third photodetector 15; signals acquired by the first photodetector 3, the second photodetector 11, the third photodetector 15 and the ICCD acquisition subsystem 20 are collected by the data acquisition card 22 and then enter the computer 24, and the computer 24 is used to correct and process lidar backscattered data received by the data acquisition card 22 in real-time.|[0034] The digital delay pulse generator 23 is configured for controlling time delays of the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1 and the ICCD acquisition subsystem 20.|[0035] As shown in FIG. 2, the inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters of the present disclosure specifically includes the following steps:|[0036] S1: the laser pulse with a wavelength of A emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1 is incident into an ocean water body through a sea surface; the backscattered signal generated in the ocean water body is divided into a hybrid receiving channel, a Brillouin scattering intensity information receiving channel and a Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information receiving channel after being received by the telescope 6, and the received Mie scattering intensity information, Brillouin scattering intensity information and Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information are preprocessed, the backscattered signal of the water body is reserved, and a backscattered signal Sp(λ, z) of water body particles, a water body Brillouin scattering intensity Sb(λ, z) at a depth of z, and water body Brillouin scattering interference circles at different depths are obtained.|[0037] S2, the carbon sequestration efficiency Epoc of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of the ocean environmental dynamic parameters (temperature and salinity) along lidar tracks are calculated, respectively.|[0038] The calculation of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump along the lidar tracks in S2 includes the following sub-steps:|[0039] (1) An ocean water body lidar attenuation coefficient Kuidar (A, z) at the depth of z is calculated:|where Sb(λ, z) represents the Brillouin scattering intensity information of the water body at the depth of z, Cb represents a system constant of a Brillouin scattering intensity channel, n is the refractive index of the seawater, H represents the height of a lidar operation platform from the sea surface and|represents a Dinouin backscattering coefficient at the depth of z.|[0040] (2) A volume scattering coefficient|at a scattering angle or π is further calculated based on the ocean water body lidar attenuation coefficient Klidar(λ, z) obtained from the Brillouin scattering intensity information:|where Sp(λ, z) represents an intensity of the backscattered signal received by the hybrid channel at the depth of z, Cp represents a system constant of the hybrid channel, and|represents a Brillouin backscattering coefficient at the depth of z.|[0041] (3) The ocean water body particulate backscattering coefficient|along the lidar tracks at the depth of z is calculated:|where χ represents a conversion factor between|[0042] (4) Based on the vertical profile of the particulate backscattering coefficient along the lidar tracks|and the vertical profile of photosynthetically available radiation along the lidar tracks PARlidar(z), the vertical profile of chlorophyll concentration along the lidar tracks Chllidar(z), the vertical profile of phytoplankton carbon biomass along the lidar tracks|and the vertical profile of phytoplankton growth rate along the lidar tracks μlidar(z) are calculated in turn.|[0043] (5) The vertical profile of ocean primary productivity along the lidar tracks OPPlidar(z) is calculated based on the vertical profile of phytoplankton carbon biomass|and the vertical profile of the phytoplankton growth rate λlidar(z), and the ocean primary productivity OPPlidar(z) can be accumulated along the depth of z to obtain the total ocean primary productivity OPPtotal in the euphotic layer:|[0044] Based on the vertical profile of the particulate backscattering coefficient along the lidar tracks|and the particulate organic carbon concentration data measured in the laboratory, a linear fitting model is established to calculate the vertical profile of particulate organic carbon along the lidar tracks POClidar(z); POClidar(z) is accumulated along the depth of z to obtain a particulate organic carbon stock|in the euphotic layer; a particulate organic carbon output flux|is calculated based on the particulate organic carbon stock|in the euphotic layer.|where a1 and a2 are both fitting coefficients of the water body particulate backscattering coefficient|and the particulate organic carbon concentration; b1 and b2 are both fitting coefficients between the particulate organic carbon stock|and the particulate organic carbon output flux|[0045] (6) The carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump EBCP in the euphotic layer is calculated based on the particulate organic carbon output flux|in the euphotic layer and the ocean primary productivity OPPtotal in the euphotic layer:|[0046] The step of calculating the vertical profile of ocean environmental dynamic parameters (temperature, salinity) along the lidar tracks includes the following sub-steps:|[0047] (1) Gray processing is performed on the interference circle Scircle collected by the ICCD acquisition subsystem to obtain a gray image|[0048] (2) The adaptive median filter is used to process the gray image|and the salt and pepper noise in the gray image|is filtered to obtain the image|[0049] (3) A binary function processing is carried out on the image|processed by the adaptive median filter to determine the optimal binarization threshold and obtain a binarized image|an edge processing is carried out on the binarized image|and the images processed by edge functions such as a Roberts operator, a Sobel operator, a Prewitt operator, a Kirsch operator, a Robinson operator, a Laplacian operator, a Canny operator, and a Gaussian Laplacian operator, to obtain the optimal edge function processed image|the image processed by the Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, and Canny operator in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3; then, the adaptive threshold processing function is used to obtain the optimal threshold parameter of the edge algorithm, and the circle identification is carried out on the image|to obtain a first-order elastic scattering circle radius|a second-order Brillouin scattering the circle radius|and a second-order elastic scattering circle radius|respectively, as shown in FIG. 4. Finally, the Brillouin frequency shift Δvb can be obtained by using the identified concentric scattering circle radius and the free spectral range FSR of the Fabry-Perot interferometer:|[0050] Because the ICCD acquisition subsystem is highly sensitive to the backscattered signal intensity, and the cylindrical lens has the function of beam convergence, to reduce the damage risk of the backscattered signal intensity to the photosensitive unit of the ICCD acquisition subsystem, the image|processed by the adaptive median filter is simulated by using the beam transmission function of the cylindrical lens, and the point-like spectrum intensity distribution|of different interference circles is obtained, and the Brillouin scattering linewidth Γb is obtained:|where r1 represents the geometric radius of the center of the first spot of the image|Γb1 represents the full width at half maximum of the first spot of the image|and a represents the distance between the center of the second spot and the center of the first spot.|[0051] (4) Steps (1) to (3) are repeated to calculate a Brillouin scattering frequency shift Δvb(S, T, Z) and a linewidth Γb(S,T,Z) when salinity is S and seawater temperature is T at depth Z, the functional relationship between seawater temperature T, salinity S, and depth Z and Brillouin scattering frequency shift and linewidth is established, and the vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters along the lidar tracks is obtained:|where n(S,T, Z) represents the refractive index of seawater at the depth Z with a salinity of S and a seawater temperature of T, Vs(S,T,Z) represents the sound velocity of seawater at the depth Z with a salinity of S and a seawater temperature of T, ηb represents a bulk viscosity coefficient, ηs represents a shear viscosity coefficient and ρ(S,T, Z) represents the seawater density at the depth Z with a salinity of S and a seawater temperature of T | (US20250319438)|CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS|[0001] The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410438768.0, filed on Apr. 12, 2024, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.|(US20250319438)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of ocean optical detection, and in particular, to a lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters.|BACKGROUND|[0003] An oceanic biological pump is a process in which the photosynthesis of ocean phytoplankton produces Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and the POC is transferred from the upper water body to the deep water body and even to the seabed through a series of biological processes such as feeding by zooplankton and settling of particulate matter, and it plays a key role in regulating the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and ocean carbon cycle. At the same time, Ocean Primary Productivity (OPP) and POC output flux can directly characterize the photosynthetic rate of ocean phytoplankton and the operating capacity of the oceanic biological carbon pump, and the ratio of the POC output flux to the OPP can measure the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump for global climate change and the ocean carbon cycle. On the other hand, the temperature and salinity of seawater are the main dynamic environmental parameters of water, and its vertical profile structure determines the distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton. At the same time, ocean dynamic environmental processes (such as vortex, thermocline, upwelling, etc.) are closely related to marine biological resources. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect the vertical profile of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and obtain the vertical profile distribution of water dynamic environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, etc.) for the study of ocean ecological environmental dynamics and the sustainable utilization of marine living resources. At present, the existing lidar technology cannot simultaneously obtain the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new ocean lidar detection technology to realize synchronous detection of carbon sequestration efficiency of the biological pump and vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer.|SUMMARY|[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present disclosure discloses a lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters. The system combines Mie scattering, Brillouin scattering intensity information, and Brillouin scattering spectra (frequency shift and linewidth) information, and focuses on detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer for the detection requirements of the current ocean carbon cycle and environmental dynamic parameters.|[0005] The object of the present disclosure is achieved through the following technical solutions:|[0006] A lidar system for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters includes a vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem, a first beam splitter, a first photodetector, a first reflecting mirror, a telescope, a second reflecting mirror, a bandpass filter, a second beam splitter, a third reflecting mirror, a second photodetector, a third beam splitter, a fourth reflecting mirror, a first Fabry-Perot interferometer, a third photodetector, a focusing lens, a pinhole filter, a beam expander, a second Fabry-Perot interferometer, an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) acquisition subsystem, an adaptive gain controller, a data acquisition card, a digital delay pulse generator and computer.|[0007] The vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem (1) emits a narrow linewidth laser pulse of 532 nm.|[0008] The first beam splitter and the first reflecting mirror form a first beam splitting unit, and the first beam splitter is configured to split the laser into two beams, One beam is received by the first photodetector, and the first photodetector monitors the stability of the power of the laser pulse emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem in real-time, and other beam is incident into seawater after passing through the first reflecting mirror to generate a backscattered signal.|[0009] The telescope is configured to receive the backscattered signal generated by the laser pulse in the seawater.|[0010] The second reflecting mirror, the bandpass filter, the second beam splitter, and the third reflecting mirror form a second beam splitting unit, and the backscattered signal received by the telescope passes through the second reflecting mirror and the bandpass filter in turn and then is incident into the second beam splitter; the second beam splitter splits a laser beam into two beams, with one beam entering the second photodetector through the third reflecting mirror, and the other beam entering a third beam splitting unit consisting of the third beam splitter and the fourth reflecting mirror.|[0011] The third beam splitter splits the beam into two beams, one beam being received by the third photodetector after passing through the fourth reflecting mirror and the first Fabry-Perot interferometer in turn, and the other beam being incident into a collimating filter unit consisting of the focusing lens, the pinhole filter, and the beam expander; after the backscattered signal is focused by the focusing lens, the stray light in the backscattered signal is filtered out by the pinhole filter and then enters the ICCD acquisition subsystem through the beam expander.|[0012] The adaptive gain controller and the data acquisition card form a data acquisition unit. The adaptive gain controller is configured to control the gain coefficients of the first photodetector, the second photodetector, and the third photodetector; signals acquired by the first photodetector, the second photodetector, the third photodetector, and the ICCD acquisition subsystem are collected by the data acquisition card and then enter the computer, and the computer corrects and processes lidar data received by the data acquisition card in real time; the digital delay pulse generator is configured to control time delays of the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem and the ICCD acquisition subsystem.|[0013] An inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters is realized based on the lidar system, and the inversion method includes:|[0014] S1: making a laser pulse with a wavelength of A emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem incident into an ocean water body through a sea surface, dividing the backscattered signal generated in the ocean water body into a hybrid receiving channel, a|[0015] Brillouin scattering intensity information receiving channel and a Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information receiving channel after being received by the telescope, preprocessing received Mie scattering intensity information, Brillouin scattering intensity information and Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information, reserving the backscattered signal of the water body, and obtaining a backscattered signal Sp(λ, z) of water body particles, a water body Brillouin scattering intensity Sb(λ, z) at a z depth, and water body Brillouin scattering interference circles at different depths.|[0016] S2, calculating the carbon sequestration efficiency Epoc of the oceanic biological pump and vertical profile distribution of the environmental dynamic parameters along lidar tracks, respectively.|[0017] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:|[0018] Compared to the related art, according to the lidar system and the inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters, based on Mie scattering intensity information, Brillouin scattering intensity information and Brillouin scattering spectrum information, not only can acquire subsurface data on water bodies, but also achieve the synchronous detection of carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and vertical profile of environmental dynamic parameters (temperature and salinity), thereby enabling comprehensive analysis of the vertical structure of marine ecosystems and carbon cycling processes, and facilitating advancements in research on ocean carbon cycling, ecosystem carbon sinks, ocean environmental dynamic processes (such as eddies, thermoclines, upwelling, etc.), and sustainable utilization of marine biological resources. By gaining deeper insights into biological and physical processes in the ocean, this technology can provide important support and reference for ecological conservation, resource management, and climate change studies.|(US20250319438)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0019] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lidar system for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.|[0020] In the figure: Vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1, First beam splitter 2, First photodetector 3, First reflecting mirror 4, Seawater 5, Telescope 6, Second reflecting mirror 7, Bandpass filter 8, Second beam splitter 9, Third reflecting mirror 10, Second photodetector 11, Third beam splitter 12, Fourth reflecting mirror 13, First Fabry-Perot interferometer 14, Third photodetector 15, Focusing lens 16, Pinhole filter 17, Beam expander 18, Second Fabry-Perot interferometer 19, ICCD acquisition subsystem 20, Adaptive gain controller 21, Data acquisition card 22, Digital delay pulse generator 23, and Computer 24;|[0021] FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the inversion method for simultaneously detecting the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters in this embodiment.|[0022] FIG. 3 is the result of processing interference circles with different edge functions of the present disclosure.|[0023] FIG. 4 is an identification result of interference circles.|(US20250319438)|DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS|[0024] The object and effect of the present disclosure will become more apparent when the present disclosure is described in detail according to the attached drawings and preferred embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only for explaining the present disclosure and are not used to limit the present disclosure.|[0025] As shown in FIG. 1, a lidar system for detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters of the present disclosure, includes a vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1, a first beam splitter 2, a first photodetector 3, a first reflecting mirror 4, a telescope 6, a second reflecting mirror 7, a bandpass filter 8, a second beam splitter 9, a third reflecting mirror 10, a second photodetector 11, a third beam splitter 12, a fourth reflecting mirror 13, a First Fabry-Perot interferometer 14, a third photodetector 15, a focusing lens 16, a pinhole filter 17, a beam expander 18, a Second Fabry-Perot interferometer 19, an ICCD acquisition subsystem 20, an adaptive gain controller 21, a data acquisition card 22, a digital delay pulse generator 23 and computer 24.|[0026] The vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1 emits a narrow linewidth laser pulse of 532 nm.|[0027] The first beam splitter 2 and the first reflecting mirror 4 form a first beam splitting unit, and the first beam splitter 2 is configured for splitting laser into two beams, one of which is received by the first photodetector 3, and the first photodetector 3 monitors the stability of power of the laser pulse emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1 in real time; the other beam is incident into seawater 5 after passing through the first reflecting mirror 4 to generate a backscattered signal.|[0028] The telescope 6 is configured for receiving the backscattered signal generated by the laser pulse in seawater.|[0029] The bandpass filter 8 is used to filter out background noise and stray light in the lidar backscattered signal. After the bandpass filter 8 filters out the background noise and stray light, the laser beam enters the second beam splitting unit. In an embodiment, the central wavelength of the bandpass filter 8 is 532 nm, the transmittance is more than 90%, the short-wave cutoff range is 200-520 nm, and the long-wave cutoff range is 540-1200 nm.|[0030] The second reflecting mirror 7, the bandpass filter 8, the second beam splitter 9, and the third reflecting mirror 10 form a second beam splitting unit, and the backscattered signal received by the telescope 6 passes through the second reflecting mirror 7 and the bandpass filter 8 in turn and then is incident into the second beam splitter 9; the second beam splitter 9 splits a laser beam into two beams, with one beam entering the second photodetector 11 through the third reflecting mirror 10; the intensity information of Mie scattering and Brillouin scattering is received by the second photodetector, and the other beam enters the third beam splitting unit.|[0031] The third beam splitter 12 splits the beam into two beams, one beam being received for the intensity information of Brillouin scattering by the third photodetector 15 after passing through the fourth reflecting mirror 13 and the First Fabry-Perot interferometer 14 in turn, and the other beam being incident into a collimating filter unit.|[0032] The collimating filter unit consists of the focusing lens 16, the pinhole filter 17, and the beam expander 18; after being focused by the focusing lens 16, the backscattered signal enters the pinhole filter 17, and the stray light in the backscattered signal is filtered out by the pinhole filter 17, and then enters the ICCD acquisition subsystem 20 through the beam expander 18.|[0033] The adaptive gain controller 21 and the data acquisition card 22 form a data acquisition unit; the adaptive gain controller 21 is configured for controlling gain coefficients of the first photodetector 3, the second photodetector 11, and the third photodetector 15; signals acquired by the first photodetector 3, the second photodetector 11, the third photodetector 15 and the ICCD acquisition subsystem 20 are collected by the data acquisition card 22 and then enter the computer 24, and the computer 24 is used to correct and process lidar backscattered data received by the data acquisition card 22 in real-time.|[0034] The digital delay pulse generator 23 is configured for controlling time delays of the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1 and the ICCD acquisition subsystem 20.|[0035] As shown in FIG. 2, the inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters of the present disclosure specifically includes the following steps:|[0036] S1: the laser pulse with a wavelength of A emitted by the vertically polarized laser emitting subsystem 1 is incident into an ocean water body through a sea surface; the backscattered signal generated in the ocean water body is divided into a hybrid receiving channel, a Brillouin scattering intensity information receiving channel and a Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information receiving channel after being received by the telescope 6, and the received Mie scattering intensity information, Brillouin scattering intensity information and Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum information are preprocessed, the backscattered signal of the water body is reserved, and a backscattered signal Sp(λ, z) of water body particles, a water body Brillouin scattering intensity Sb(λ, z) at a depth of z, and water body Brillouin scattering interference circles at different depths are obtained.|[0037] S2, the carbon sequestration efficiency Epoc of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of the ocean environmental dynamic parameters (temperature and salinity) along lidar tracks are calculated, respectively.|[0038] The calculation of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump along the lidar tracks in S2 includes the following sub-steps:|[0039] (1) An ocean water body lidar attenuation coefficient Kuidar (A, z) at the depth of z is calculated:|where Sb(λ, z) represents the Brillouin scattering intensity information of the water body at the depth of z, Cb represents a system constant of a Brillouin scattering intensity channel, n is the refractive index of the seawater, H represents the height of a lidar operation platform from the sea surface and|represents a Dinouin backscattering coefficient at the depth of z.|[0040] (2) A volume scattering coefficient|at a scattering angle or π is further calculated based on the ocean water body lidar attenuation coefficient Klidar(λ, z) obtained from the Brillouin scattering intensity information:|where Sp(λ, z) represents an intensity of the backscattered signal received by the hybrid channel at the depth of z, Cp represents a system constant of the hybrid channel, and|represents a Brillouin backscattering coefficient at the depth of z.|[0041] (3) The ocean water body particulate backscattering coefficient|along the lidar tracks at the depth of z is calculated:|where χ represents a conversion factor between|[0042] (4) Based on the vertical profile of the particulate backscattering coefficient along the lidar tracks|and the vertical profile of photosynthetically available radiation along the lidar tracks PARlidar(z), the vertical profile of chlorophyll concentration along the lidar tracks Chllidar(z), the vertical profile of phytoplankton carbon biomass along the lidar tracks|and the vertical profile of phytoplankton growth rate along the lidar tracks μlidar(z) are calculated in turn.|[0043] (5) The vertical profile of ocean primary productivity along the lidar tracks OPPlidar(z) is calculated based on the vertical profile of phytoplankton carbon biomass|and the vertical profile of the phytoplankton growth rate λlidar(z), and the ocean primary productivity OPPlidar(z) can be accumulated along the depth of z to obtain the total ocean primary productivity OPPtotal in the euphotic layer:|[0044] Based on the vertical profile of the particulate backscattering coefficient along the lidar tracks|and the particulate organic carbon concentration data measured in the laboratory, a linear fitting model is established to calculate the vertical profile of particulate organic carbon along the lidar tracks POClidar(z); POClidar(z) is accumulated along the depth of z to obtain a particulate organic carbon stock|in the euphotic layer; a particulate organic carbon output flux|is calculated based on the particulate organic carbon stock|in the euphotic layer.|where a1 and a2 are both fitting coefficients of the water body particulate backscattering coefficient|and the particulate organic carbon concentration; b1 and b2 are both fitting coefficients between the particulate organic carbon stock|and the particulate organic carbon output flux|[0045] (6) The carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump EBCP in the euphotic layer is calculated based on the particulate organic carbon output flux|in the euphotic layer and the ocean primary productivity OPPtotal in the euphotic layer:|[0046] The step of calculating the vertical profile of ocean environmental dynamic parameters (temperature, salinity) along the lidar tracks includes the following sub-steps:|[0047] (1) Gray processing is performed on the interference circle Scircle collected by the ICCD acquisition subsystem to obtain a gray image|[0048] (2) The adaptive median filter is used to process the gray image|and the salt and pepper noise in the gray image|is filtered to obtain the image|[0049] (3) A binary function processing is carried out on the image|processed by the adaptive median filter to determine the optimal binarization threshold and obtain a binarized image|an edge processing is carried out on the binarized image|and the images processed by edge functions such as a Roberts operator, a Sobel operator, a Prewitt operator, a Kirsch operator, a Robinson operator, a Laplacian operator, a Canny operator, and a Gaussian Laplacian operator, to obtain the optimal edge function processed image|the image processed by the Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, and Canny operator in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3; then, the adaptive threshold processing function is used to obtain the optimal threshold parameter of the edge algorithm, and the circle identification is carried out on the image|to obtain a first-order elastic scattering circle radius|a second-order Brillouin scattering the circle radius|and a second-order elastic scattering circle radius|respectively, as shown in FIG. 4. Finally, the Brillouin frequency shift Δvb can be obtained by using the identified concentric scattering circle radius and the free spectral range FSR of the Fabry-Perot interferometer:|[0050] Because the ICCD acquisition subsystem is highly sensitive to the backscattered signal intensity, and the cylindrical lens has the function of beam convergence, to reduce the damage risk of the backscattered signal intensity to the photosensitive unit of the ICCD acquisition subsystem, the image|processed by the adaptive median filter is simulated by using the beam transmission function of the cylindrical lens, and the point-like spectrum intensity distribution|of different interference circles is obtained, and the Brillouin scattering linewidth Γb is obtained:|where r1 represents the geometric radius of the center of the first spot of the image|Γb1 represents the full width at half maximum of the first spot of the image|and a represents the distance between the center of the second spot and the center of the first spot.|[0051] (4) Steps (1) to (3) are repeated to calculate a Brillouin scattering frequency shift Δvb(S, T, Z) and a linewidth Γb(S,T,Z) when salinity is S and seawater temperature is T at depth Z, the functional relationship between seawater temperature T, salinity S, and depth Z and Brillouin scattering frequency shift and linewidth is established, and the vertical profile distribution of ocean environmental dynamic parameters along the lidar tracks is obtained:|where n(S,T, Z) represents the refractive index of seawater at the depth Z with a salinity of S and a seawater temperature of T, Vs(S,T,Z) represents the sound velocity of seawater at the depth Z with a salinity of S and a seawater temperature of T, ηb represents a bulk viscosity coefficient, ηs represents a shear viscosity coefficient and ρ(S,T, Z) represents the seawater density at the depth Z with a salinity of S and a seawater temperature of T | Family Number|(110581221)|110581221|Abstract|(CN118330669 A)|The invention discloses a laser radar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting marine biological pump carbon sequestration efficiency and environmental kinetic parameters , and aims at the detection requirements of current marine carbon cycle and dynamic environmental parameters by combining Mie scattering , Brillouin scattering intensity information and frequency shift and line width information of a Brillouin scattering spectrum . The vertical section distribution of a carbon cycle mechanism and environmental kinetic parameters in a euphotic layer is mainly detected ; meanwhile , an inversion model of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the biological pump and environmental dynamic parameters of temperature and salinity is constructed , and synchronous detection of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the biological pump in the euphotic layer and vertical section distribution of water body environmental dynamic parameters is achieved . |(US20250319438 A1)|A lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters. The information of Mie scattering and Brillouin scattering intensity and the information of frequency shift and linewidth of Brillouin scattering spectra are combined, and for the detection requirements of the current ocean carbon cycle and dynamic environmental parameters, the vertical profile distribution of the carbon cycle mechanism and environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer is mainly detected; at the same time, the present disclosure constructs an inversion model of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the temperature and salinity of the environmental dynamic parameters and realizes the synchronous detection of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of the ocean environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer.|Title|(CN118330669 A)|Laser radar system and inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency and environmental kinetic parameters of marine organism pump |(US20250319438 A1)|Lidar system and inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters| | Computer technology|Environmental technology|Measurement | B01D-053/34/6|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|G01N-2021/638|G01S-007/48/02|G01S-007/481/1|G01S-007/481/4|G01S-007/481/6|G01S-007/486/3|G01S-007/486/8|G01S-007/489|G01S-007/499|G01S-017/88|G01S-017/89|G01S-017/95|G06V-010/10|G06V-010/255|G06V-010/28|G06V-010/30 | B01D-053/34/6|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|G01N-2021/638|G01S-007/48/02|G01S-007/481/1|G01S-007/481/4|G01S-007/481/6|G01S-007/486/3|G01S-007/486/8|G01S-007/489|G01S-007/499|G01S-017/88|G01S-017/89|G01S-017/95|G06V-010/10|G06V-010/255|G06V-010/28|G06V-010/30 | B01D-053/34|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|G01S-007/481|G01S-007/4863|G01S-007/489|G01S-017/89|G06V-010/10|G06V-010/20|G06V-010/28|G06V-010/30 | B01D-053/34|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|G01S-007/481|G01S-007/4863|G01S-007/489|G01S-017/89|G06V-010/10|G06V-010/20|G06V-010/28|G06V-010/30 | CN121521880|CN121308870B | CN121521880 117801625 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN121308870B 117360193 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | PENDING | (US20250319438)|PENDING|(CN118330669)|PENDING | ALIVE | (US20250319438)|ALIVE|(CN118330669)|ALIVE | (US20250319438)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US20250319438|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-08-02|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US18792603|Application date=2024-08-02|Standardized application number=2024US-18792603|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:CENTRAL, DOCKET|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=OPAP|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: DF241093US|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 126977|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=Yes|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/ENT|Event group=Administrative notifications|Entity Status Set to Undiscounted|Event publication date=2024-08-02|Event code=US/PTARDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent Term Adjustment - Ready for Examination|Event publication date=2024-08-16|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Event publication date=2024-08-21|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2024-09-17|Event code=US/DKNC|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Docketed New Case - Ready for Examination|Event publication date=2024-09-17|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2025-10-16|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20250319438|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2025-10-16|Standardized publication number=US20250319438|Event publication date=2025-10-16|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|(CN118330669)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN118330669|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-04-12|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2024-04-12|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202410438768|Application date=2024-04-12|Standardized application number=2024CN-0438768|Event publication date=2024-07-12|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118330669|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-07-12|Standardized publication number=CN118330669|Event publication date=2024-07-12|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-07-30|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (US20250319438)|US|(CN118330669)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=lOckPE/DvcMr9VRifNgfSbxtUVS6odf4JjY7t3dG27jB3cyffD7Soc3HTZ4K3xLA34T3rrXcRGc=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US0000000023064863&ekey=2049&xpn=US20250319438&kind=A1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/18792603/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=KfuhNexKo8%252FkmWVm%252F1jMH8RHIQdPpfyajIQBIFKxQPE%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (US20250319438)|CN|(CN118330669)|CN | (US20250319438)|NAME=SOUTHERN MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GUANGDONG LABORATORY(GUANGZHOU) , CITY=Guangzhou , COUNTRY=CN|(CN118330669)|NAME=GUANGDONG LABORATORY OF SOUTHERN OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (GUANGZHOU) , COUNTRY=CN | (CN118330669)|NAME=JIA YUXIA;HANGZHOU QIUSHI PATENT OFFICE CO.,LTD. , REG=33200 | (US20250319438)|CN; CN| | (US20250319438)|NAME=YUAN Dapeng, CITY=Guangzhou, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=PAN Delu, CITY=Guangzhou, COUNTRY=CN|(CN118330669)|NAME=YUAN DAPENG|NAME=CHEN PENG|NAME=PAN YULIANG|NAME=LUO MINZHE|NAME=HUANG HAIQING|NAME=PAN DELU | Titre: (US20250319438)|Lidar system and inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters Résumé: (US20250319438)|A lidar system and an inversion method for simultaneously detecting carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and ocean environmental dynamic parameters. The information of Mie scattering and Brillouin scattering intensity and the information of frequency shift and linewidth of Brillouin scattering spectra are combined, and for the detection requirements of the current ocean carbon cycle and dynamic environmental parameters, the vertical profile distribution of the carbon cycle mechanism and environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer is mainly detected; at the same time, the present disclosure constructs an inversion model of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the temperature and salinity of the environmental dynamic parameters and realizes the synchronous detection of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the oceanic biological pump and the vertical profile distribution of the ocean environmental dynamic parameters in the euphotic layer. | 6.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses carbon sequestration efficiency related to the oceanic biological pump but does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment aimed at stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 2.0 | (US20250319438)|1|(CN118330669)|1 | (US20250319438)|4|(CN118330669)|4 | (US20250319438)|5|(CN118330669)|5 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | (US20250319438)|4|(CN118330669)|4 | 1.0 | 2.0 | (US20250319438)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Number of Drawings: NDR=4|Number of Figures: NFG=4|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1||(CN118330669)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-07-12|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-2802|Number of Pages: NPAGES=16| | (US20250319438)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US20250319438)|Patent|(CN118330669)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | CN202310500015 | CN202310500015 | CN116564413 | 106057908 | CN116564413 A 2023-08-08 [CN116564413] | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | 2023-08-08 | (CN116564413)|2025-01-03 | (CN116564413)|Method for detecting species and abundance of microorganisms in different carbon sequestration pathways | (CN116564413)|The invention provides a method for detecting species and abundance of microorganisms in different carbon sequestration pathways, namely a method for accurately analyzing non-cultured autotrophic microorganism groups and CO2 immobilization pathways thereof in a seawater environment. The method provided by the invention overcomes the defects of the traditional culture of autotrophic microorganisms and a method for constructing a library through a single gene way, and can more comprehensively obtain the autotrophic microorganism class group based on a metagenome sequencing technology. The relatively complex and tedious analysis process of the conventional metagenome is avoided, and the Diting software can more simply and efficiently analyze and evaluate the distribution and importance degree of the carbon sequestration pathways in different regions and different depths of the ocean. High-quality microbial genomes MAGs can be obtained, evidence of existence of a carbon sequestration marker gene group in an autotrophic microbe group can be provided more accurately, and a novel carbon sequestration microbe group can be explored. | CHINA OCEAN UNIVERSITY | (CN116564413)|OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN]) | ZHANG XIAOHUA|CHEN XING|XUE CHUNXU|LIU JIWEN | (CN116564413)|ZHANG XIAOHUA|CHEN XING|XUE CHUNXU|LIU JIWEN | (CN116564413)|SHEN SHIJUAN;BEIJING ZHIRAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 11975 | (CN116564413)|Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:|However, the existing method is based on the fact that the types of autotrophic microorganisms obtained by a pure culture method are limited, so that a plurality of autotrophic microorganism groups which cannot be cultured and are difficult to separate are often ignored, and therefore a more comprehensive and real autotrophic microorganism community composition cannot be obtained; the single-cell sequencing technology is not easy to independently obtain the genome information of a plurality of autotrophic microorganisms, and the cost is high; conventional metagenomic sequencing, while allowing the acquisition of all microbial information in a mixed sample, does not allow the assembly of long and continuous genomic fragments to obtain high quality autotrophic microbial genomic information.|The above-described conventional metagenomic sequencing annotated species information provides only scattered gene segments, and the annotated species information is limited by the sequence library.| | (CN116564413)|1. A marker gene set for detecting a microbial autotrophic carbon-fixed pathway, wherein the marker gene set comprises:a marker gene group for detecting a microorganism of the calvin cycle carbon-fixing pathway, which comprises a phosphoribosyl phosphokinase, a ribose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase large subunit and a ribose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase small subunit;a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising an ATP-citrate lyase alpha subunit and an ATP-citrate lyase beta subunit;a marker gene set for detecting Wood-Ljungdahl pathway microorganisms comprising a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase catalytic subunit and an acetyl coa synthase;a marker gene group for detecting a 3-hydroxypropionic acid/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle carbon-fixing pathway microorganism comprising 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydratase, and 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase;a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of a 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising malonyl-coa reductase, (S) -citrate-coa lyase, 3-methylfumaric acid coa hydratase, and 2-methylfumaric acid coa isomerase;a marker gene set for detecting a dicarboxylic acid/4-hydroxybutyrate circulatory pathway carbon-fixing pathway microorganism comprising 3-hydroxycyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrase.| | (CN116564413)|The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the types and the abundance of microorganisms in different carbon fixation paths, namely a method for accurately analyzing non-cultured autotrophic microorganism groups and CO thereof in a seawater environment _2 A method for fixing a passage.The present invention first provides a marker gene group for detecting a microbial autotrophic carbon-fixed pathway, the marker gene group comprising:|The invention provides a method for detecting the species and abundance of microorganisms in different carbon fixation ways, namely a method for accurately analyzing non-cultured autotrophic microorganism group and CO thereof in a seawater environment 2 A method for fixing a passage.| | (CN116564413)|CARBON FIXATION(100,33)|MICROORGANISM DETECTION(100,9)|ABUNDANCE(100,7)|CARBON FIXATION PATH(100,7)|NONCULTURED AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM GROUP(100,2)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM(94,11)|REAL AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM COMMUNITY(94,1)|PATHWAY MICROORGANISM(89,6)|MICROORGANISM ABUNDANCE(84,4)|PHOSPHORIBOSYL PHOSPHOKINASE(80,1)|METAGENOMIC SEQUENCING(73,2)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM GENOME INFORMATION(66,1)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROBIAL GENOMIC INFORMATION(58,1)|SEAWATER ENVIRONMENT(57,2)|ACID COA HYDRATASE(57,1)|MICROORGANISM COMMUNITY(57,1)|ACID COA ISOMERASE(54,1)|MALONYL COA REDUCTASE(50,2)|GENOMIC FRAGMENT(49,1)|MARKER GENE(47,14)|MARKER GENE POPULATION(45,5)|DETECTING WOOD LJUNGDAHL(45,2)|CIRCULATORY PATHWAY CARBON FIXING(45,1)|PROPIONATE DEHYDROGENASE(43,3)|CITRATE COA LYASE(43,2)|MICROBIAL INFORMATION ACQUISITION(42,1)|ACETYL COA SYNTHASE(41,2)|FIXING(41,2)|MICROORGANISM GROUP(39,2)|ANNOTATED SPECIES INFORMATION(37,1)|MICROBIAL METAGENOME(36,1)|SPECIES DETECTION(36,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION PATHWAY MICROORGANISM(35,1)|DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT(34,1)|DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE SMALL SUBUNIT(34,1)|HYDROXYBUTYRATE CYCLE CARBON FIXING(34,1)|MARKER GENE SET(32,10)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM GROUP(32,4)|GENE SEGMENT(32,1)|MARKER POPULATION(32,1)|MARKER(29,7)|CARBON FIXATION PATHWAY(29,5)|ATP CITRATE LYASE BETA(29,3)|SAMPLE MACRO GENOME(29,2)|SEQUENCE LIBRARY(29,1)|MICROBIAL INFORMATION(28,1)|PATHWAY CARBON FIXING(28,1)|ATP CITRATE LYASE(27,6)|RIBOSE(27,4)|ATP CITRATE LYASE ALPHA(27,3)|GENOME INFORMATION(27,1)|KOFAM DATABASE(26,3)|HYDROXYBUTYRATE(26,2)|COMPREHENSIVE(26,1)|SUBUNIT(25,4)|QUALITY MICROBIAL GENOME(25,1)|METAGENOME SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY(24,2)|PATHWAY(23,13)|PRECISELYEVIDENCE(23,1)|ABUNDANCE INFORMATION(22,9)|METAWRAP(22,6)|ASSEMBLED MAG(22,1)|SPECIES INFORMATION(22,1)|DITING(21,6)|HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID(21,5)|KEGG DATABASE FUNCTION ANNOTATION(21,3)|ASSEMBLED CONTIG(21,2)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM GENOME MAG(21,2)|FORMULA STANDARDIZATION(21,2)|INPUTTED METAGENOME DATA(20,3)|SAMPLE METAGENOME(20,3)|CUMBERSOME ANALYSIS(20,2)|DICARBOXYLIC ACID DETECTION(20,2)|REDUCTIVE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE(20,2)|PATHWAY COMPLETION(19,4)|MALONYL COA(19,3)|CYCLE CARBON FIXING(19,1)|MIXED SAMPLE(19,1)|SEAWATER SAMPLE(18,5)|CLASS DETECTION(18,1)|CARBON FIXING PATHWAY(17,7)|ASSEMBLED GENOME(17,3)|CATALYTIC SUBUNIT(17,3)|SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY(17,3)|ACETYL COA(17,2)|PERCENT INTEGRITY(17,2)|HMMSEARCH(16,3)|KOFAMKOALA(16,3)|PATH LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION(16,1)|MEGAHIT(15,3)|CARBON FIXING MICROORGANISM GROUP(15,1)|CARBON MONOXIDE DEHYDROGENASE(14,3)|CALVIN CYCLE(14,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL DNA SAMPLE(14,2)|METAGENOMIC DATA(14,2)|CARBON FIXING MARKER(13,4)|BWA MEM(13,3)|PURE CULTURE(13,2)|MICROORGANISM CBB CIRCULATION PATHWAY(13,1)|NONCULTURED AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM(13,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM(13,1)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROBIOTA(12,2)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM MAG(12,1)|MAXBIN(11,3)|HYDROXYBUTYRATE CIRCULATORY PATHWAY(11,1)|FUMARATE COA HYDRATASE(10,1)|FUMARATE COA ISOMERASE(10,1)|GENOME MAG ANNOTATION(10,1)|MAG FINE MICROORGANISM CLASSIFICATION(10,1)|MALONYL COA REDUCTASE MARKER(10,1)|CARBON FIXATION CHANNEL(9,5)|LINUX OPERATION PLATFORM(9,3)|CARBON FIXING CHANNEL(9,2)|IMPORTANCE DEGREE(9,2)|TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE(9,2)|LINUX PLATFORM(8,2)|METAGENOME ASSEMBLY GENOME(8,2)|INTERACTIVE HEATMAP(8,1)|METAGENOMIC BINNING(8,1)|ONLY SCATTERED GENE SEGMENT(8,1)|WOOD LJUNGDAHL PATHWAY(8,1)|ACIDIMIROBIALES GENOME(7,1)|AUTOTROPHIC GENOME(7,1)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION(7,1)|GTDB SPECIES DATABASE(7,1)|MARKER GENE FRAGMENT(7,1)|PATHWAY INTEGRITY VERIFICATION(7,1)|REPRESENTATIVE MARKER GENE POPULATION(7,1)|RESEARCHING METABOLIC POTENTIAL(7,1)|SCREEN TRUE AUTOTROPHIC MAG(7,1)|SINGLE CELL SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY(7,1)|MAG QUALITY(6,2)|QUALITY MAG(6,2)|BACILLUS DESULPHUS(6,1)|CLASSIFICATION PREDICTION(6,1)|KEGG FUNCTIONAL DATABASE(6,1)|MICROBIAL POPULATION(6,1)|MICROORGANISM CARBON SEQUESTRATION PATHWAY(6,1)|PATHWAY LIKELIHOOD(6,1)|RECONSTRUCTED MAG(6,1)|REDOX PATHWAY(6,1)|INTEGRITY ANALYSIS(5,2)|KEGG FUNCTION DATABASE(5,2)|OPEN READING FRAME ORFS(5,2)|BINNING BIN(5,1)|BLAST KOALA(5,1)|CARBON FIXATION PATHWAY MICROORGANISM(5,1)|FINE SPECIES CLASSIFICATION(5,1)|FUNCTIONAL GENE ENCODING KEY(5,1)|GENOMIC MAG(5,1)|GENOMIC SPECIES CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION(5,1)|GHOST KOALA(5,1)|GTDB DATABASE(5,1)|HUGE BIOMASS(5,1)|HYDROXYLAMINE OXIDATION(5,1)|MARKER GENE CLUSTER ABSENCE(5,1)|MICROBIAL GENOME MAG(5,1)|MICROBIOLOGICAL FILTER(5,1)|RECOVERING MAG(5,1)|RATING(4,4)|MARINE BLUE HOLE(4,3)|OCEAN BLUE HOLE(4,3)|PASSAGEWAY(4,3)|CARBON FIXATION PASSAGE(4,2)|KEGG DECODER(4,2)|METABAT(4,2)|REPRESENTATIVE CARBON FIXATION(4,2)|5M NACL(4,1)|ACCURATE EVIDENCE(4,1)|ANALYSIS RECONSTRUCTION(4,1)|CARBON FIXING PATHWAY INTEGRITY(4,1)|DENITRIFICATION REACTION(4,1)|DETECTING DEVICE CATEGORY(4,1)|FINE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY(4,1)|HUA BIG GENE(4,1)|KO ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION(4,1)|MARINE MICROORGANISM DETECTION(4,1)|MICROORGANISM CARBON FIXATION RESEARCH(4,1)|MICROORGANISM CARBON SEQUESTRATION PASSAGE(4,1)|PATHWAY IDENTIFICATION(4,1)|PERCENTAGE INTEGRITY(4,1)|QUALITY METAGENOME(4,1)|RELEVANT MARKER(4,1)|SINGLE CELL(4,1)|SULFATE REDUCTION PATHWAY(4,1)|VITALITY SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|ACCURATE GENOMIC INFORMATION(3,1)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM GROUP INFORMATION(3,1)|BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE LARGE CHAIN(3,1)|BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT(3,1)|BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE SMALL SUBUNIT(3,1)|BLASTKOALA(3,1)|BLASTP(3,1)|CARBON FIXING MICROBIOTA(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION ROUTE(3,1)|CBB CYCLE(3,1)|CHECKM(3,1)|DETECTING MARKER GENE GROUP(3,1)|DETECTION ACCURACY(3,1)| | (CN116564413)|1. A marker gene set for detecting a microbial autotrophic carbon-fixed pathway, wherein the marker gene set comprises:|a marker gene group for detecting a microorganism of the calvin cycle carbon-fixing pathway, which comprises a phosphoribosyl phosphokinase, a ribose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase large subunit and a ribose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase small subunit;|a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising an ATP-citrate lyase alpha subunit and an ATP-citrate lyase beta subunit;|a marker gene set for detecting Wood-Ljungdahl pathway microorganisms comprising a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase catalytic subunit and an acetyl coa synthase;|a marker gene group for detecting a 3-hydroxypropionic acid/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle carbon-fixing pathway microorganism comprising 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydratase, and 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase;|a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of a 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising malonyl-coa reductase, (S) -citrate-coa lyase, 3-methylfumaric acid coa hydratase, and 2-methylfumaric acid coa isomerase;|a marker gene set for detecting a dicarboxylic acid/4-hydroxybutyrate circulatory pathway carbon-fixing pathway microorganism comprising 3-hydroxycyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrase.|2. Use of a marker gene population according to claim 1 for detecting the class and abundance of different carbon sequestration pathway microorganisms.|3. A method for detecting the class and abundance of microorganisms of different carbon sequestration pathways, wherein the method is to detect the class and abundance of the corresponding genes in the marker gene population of claim 1 in a sample.|4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of:|step 1: collecting an environmental DNA sample of a seawater sample to be detected, and then performing metagenome sequencing to obtain an original metagenome data set;|step 2: on a Linux operation platform, firstly, trimming original reads data of macro genomes of each sample by using a metaWRAP program, filtering and controlling the quality to obtain metagenome data of clean reads; and analyzing the inputted metagenome data of clean reads and performing KEGG database function annotation by using Diting software to obtain the abundance information of the corresponding genes in the marker gene group in the sample metagenome.|5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step 2, megahit program in Diting software is used to assemble the resulting metagenomic data of clean reads into contigs; the Prodigal program was used to predict genes from contigs to obtain open reading frame ORFs; predicting genes using BWA-MEM program; simultaneously, the hmmsearch program is used for comparing the protein sequence translated by the predicted gene with the KOfam database, and the KofamKOALA program is used for distributing and comparing the protein sequence to KO numbers; and finally, calculating the abundance information of each carbon fixation channel in the sample according to formula standardization.|6. The method of claim 5, wherein the formula is as follows:|wherein A is i Is the relative abundance of each carbon-fixing channel, a mn Is the relative abundance of genes in each step of the carbon fixation pathway|Degree, m is the step of completing the carbon fixation pathway, and n is the number of genes in the same step.|7. The method of claim 4, wherein the method uses MetaBAT, maxBin and MetaWRAP programs to obtain microbial metagenome-assembled MAGs from assembled contigs, and searches for and determines the genes of the marker gene group of claim 1 from the MAGs to obtain information on the abundance of the corresponding genes in the marker gene group in the metagenome-assembled genome.|8. The method of claim 4, wherein the method uses a KEGG-Decoder program to evaluate the percent integrity of the carbon sequestration pathway in MAGs.|9. The method of claim 8, wherein the population of marker genes is contained and the pathway completion is greater than 70% as having a near complete carbon-fixed pathway. | (CN116564413)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of marine microorganism detection, and particularly relates to a method for detecting microorganism types and abundance in different carbon fixation ways.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean is the largest carbon reservoir on earth, while marine microorganisms are small in size, are of a great variety and have huge biomass, and have important roles in the global carbon circulation process. CO is immobilized by photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms in ocean every day 2 The amount of organic carbon produced can be comparable to the amount of organic carbon fixed by all plants on land. At present, microorganisms participating in carbon fixation in various ecosystems on land are widely studied, but CO is fixed in the sea 2 Further intensive research is needed for autotrophic microbiota and its pathway detection.|[0003] To date, the following six microbial autotrophic carbon-fixing pathways have been identified: the Calvin (CBB) cycle, the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, the Wood-Ljungdahl (W-L) pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionic acid/4-hydroxybutyric acid (3 HP-4 HB) cycle, the 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle (3 HP) and the dicarboxylic acid/4-hydroxybutyric acid (DC-4 HB) cycle pathways. In the prior art, the information of autotrophic microorganism groups is obtained based on the traditional pure culture or single cell sequencing technology and a high-throughput sequencing mode. However, the existing method is based on the fact that the types of autotrophic microorganisms obtained by a pure culture method are limited, so that a plurality of autotrophic microorganism groups which cannot be cultured and are difficult to separate are often ignored, and therefore a more comprehensive and real autotrophic microorganism community composition cannot be obtained; the single-cell sequencing technology is not easy to independently obtain the genome information of a plurality of autotrophic microorganisms, and the cost is high; conventional metagenomic sequencing, while allowing the acquisition of all microbial information in a mixed sample, does not allow the assembly of long and continuous genomic fragments to obtain high quality autotrophic microbial genomic information.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the types and the abundance of microorganisms in different carbon fixation paths, namely a method for accurately analyzing non-cultured autotrophic microorganism groups and CO thereof in a seawater environment 2 A method for fixing a passage.|[0005] The present invention first provides a marker gene group for detecting a microbial autotrophic carbon-fixed pathway, the marker gene group comprising:|[0006] a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of the calvin cycle carbon-fixing pathway, comprising phosphoribulokinase (prkB), ribose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL-bisphosphate carboxylase large chain) and ribose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS);|[0007] a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of a reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising an ATP-citrate lyase alpha subunit (ATP-citrate lyase alpha-subnit, aclA) and an ATP-citrate lyase beta subunit (ATP-citrate lyase beta-subnit, aclB);|[0008] a marker gene set for detecting Wood-Ljungdahl pathway microorganisms comprising a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase catalytic subunit (carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase catalytic subunit, acsA) and an acetyl-CoA synthase (acsB);|[0009] a marker gene group for detecting a microorganism of the 3-hydroxypropionic acid/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (3-hydroxyycyl-CoA dehydrogenase), 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrase), and 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase);|[0010] a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of a 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising malonyl-CoA reductase (S) -citrate-CoA lyase (S) -3-methylfumarate CoA hydratase (3-methylfumarate-CoA hydratase) and 2-methylfumarate CoA isomerase (2-methylfumarate-CoA isomerase);|[0011] a marker gene set for detecting a dicarboxylic acid/4-hydroxybutyrate circulatory pathway carbon fixation pathway microorganism, comprising 3-hydroxycyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrase;|[0012] the marker gene group provided by the invention is used for detecting the categories and the abundance of microorganisms with different carbon fixation paths;|[0013] a method thereof comprising the steps of:|[0014] 1) Collecting an environmental DNA sample of a seawater sample to be detected, and then performing metagenome sequencing to obtain an original metagenome data set;|[0015] 2) On a Linux operation platform, firstly, trimming original reads data of macro genomes of each sample by using a metaWRAP program, filtering and controlling the quality to obtain metagenome data of clean reads; and analyzing the inputted metagenome data of clean reads and performing KEGG database function annotation by using Diting software to obtain the abundance information of the corresponding genes in the marker gene group in the sample metagenome.|[0016] The specific operation steps are as follows: assembling the obtained metagenome data of clean reads into contigs by using Megahit program in Diting software; the Prodigal program was used to predict genes from contigs to obtain open reading frame ORFs; predicting genes using BWA-MEM program; simultaneously, the hmmsearch program is used for comparing the protein sequence translated by the predicted gene with the KOfam database, and the KofamKOALA program is used for distributing and comparing the protein sequence to KO numbers; and then obtaining the abundance information of KO numbers corresponding to each protein sequence in each sample, and finally, calculating the abundance information of each carbon fixation channel in the sample according to formula standardization:|[0017] |[0018] wherein A is i Is the relative abundance of each carbon-fixing channel, a m_n Is the relative abundance of genes in each step in the carbon sequestration pathway, m is the step in which the carbon sequestration pathway is completed, and n is the number of genes in the same step.|[0019] 3) In order to further improve the detection accuracy of the method at the genome level, a MetaBAT, maxBin and MetaWRAP program is firstly used to obtain a high-quality microbial metagenome assembly genome (metagenome-assembled genomes, MAGs) from assembly contigs obtained in the steps, and the presence of a marker gene group is searched and determined from the MAGs to obtain the abundance information of the corresponding genes in the fine marker gene group in the metagenome assembly genome.|[0020] 4) Still further, the method of the present invention uses the KEGG-Decoder program to evaluate the percentage integrity of a particular carbon sequestration pathway in a MAGs in order to determine whether the genome MAGs of the microorganism has an autotrophic, nearly intact carbon sequestration pathway, defining a pathway completion of greater than 70% containing a marker gene population, indicating that the microorganism has a nearly intact carbon sequestration pathway.|[0021] Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:|[0022] 1. overcomes the defects of the traditional culture and library construction method of autotrophic microorganisms by a single-gene approach, and can more comprehensively obtain the autotrophic microorganism group based on the metagenome sequencing technology.|[0023] 2. The complex and cumbersome analysis flow of the conventional metagenome is avoided, and the rating software can analyze and evaluate the distribution and importance degree of six carbon sequestration routes in different areas and at different depths of the ocean more simply and efficiently.|[0024] 3. Obtaining high quality microbial genome MAGs can provide more accurate evidence of the presence of carbon-fixing marker gene groups in autotrophic microbiota, and can also develop novel carbon-fixing microbiota.|[0025] 4. The autotrophic microorganism genome MAGs can be further judged, and the integrity of specific carbon fixation channels can be evaluated.|[0026] 5. In addition, based on the KEGG function database, the method can additionally provide oxidation-reduction reaction information related to nitrogen and sulfur connected with a carbon fixation path, such as sulfur oxidation reaction, nitration reaction, sulfate reduction reaction and denitrification reaction, which are respectively used as an electron donor and an acceptor to couple with the carbon fixation path to carry out energy supply and synthesis of organic matters.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for accurately analyzing CO of a non-cultured autotrophic microorganism according to the present invention 2 A flow chart of a method of securing a pathway.|[0028] FIG. 2 is a thermal profile of the distribution of six carbon sequestration pathways in ocean blue holes in water layers of different depths. The left side of the graph is the abundance information of carbon-fixing pathways in each sample at a depth of 0-170m, the right side of the graph is at metagenomic level, the microbiota containing potential carbon-fixing pathways, and the abundance is top four.|[0029] FIG. 3 is the presence or absence of marker gene clusters in reconstructed MAGs in marine blue holes and the fine species classification annotated by the GTDB database.|[0030] FIG. 4 is a thermal diagram of carbon sequestration pathway integrity verification of the genome of autotrophic microorganisms in marine blue holes. The top of the figure is the numbering of the autotrophic microorganism genome MAGs, the bottom of the figure is the genomic species classification information, the right of the figure is the integrity of the carbon-fixing pathways present in the genome, and the integrity of the coupled common redox reactions.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0031] The invention reconstructs high quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) MAGs of autotrophic microorganisms in the ocean by selecting representative carbon fixation marker gene groups, and can accurately detect the autotrophic microorganisms in the ocean and related CO by combining the integrity analysis of the carbon fixation passage in the genome 2 The passageway is fixed.|[0032] The invention efficiently and accurately analyzes autotrophic microorganism CO based on the marine metagenome data set and the unique analysis method 2 The passageway is fixed. The method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art.|[0033] Example 1: determination of marker Gene populations for detection of the autotrophic carbon-fixed pathway of microorganisms|[0034] Based on the KEGG functional database, representative marker gene groups in six carbon sequestration pathways of the microorganism and corresponding protein KO numbers are summarized.|[0035] A series of functional genes in each microorganism carbon fixation channel can cooperate to complete CO 2 And (5) a fixing process. However, certain unique functional genes encoding key or rate-limiting enzymes often reside only in specific carbon-fixing pathways, and the present invention defines these essential and representative functional genes as marker gene groups. Therefore, prior to studying microbial carbon-fixed pathways, it was necessary to accurately discover marker gene clusters that could represent specific carbon-fixed pathways to indicate the likelihood of potential pathways being present. The BLASTP program is then used in searching the metagenome data set and MAGs sequence for carbon fixing marker gene sequence and checking the conserved sequence in the marker gene to confirm the carbon fixing passage in each sampleAnd abundance variations, and corresponding specific microbiota.|[0036] Finally, a representative marker gene population in the six-carbon fixation pathway and the corresponding protein KO numbers in the KEGG database were integrated (table 1).|[0037] Table 1: marker gene group gene of microorganism carbon fixation pathway and corresponding protein KO number table|[0038] |[0039] Example 2: method for constructing and detecting microorganism types and abundance of different carbon fixation paths|[0040] The following is a specific example of ocean blue hole to simply and efficiently realize the research of microorganism carbon fixation passage.|[0041] Step 1: seawater sample collection and environmental DNA extraction|[0042] Seawater samples were collected at different depths with Niskin bottles and filtered using polycarbonate filters to collect samples of environmental microbiological filters. The filter samples were first ground in liquid nitrogen. The DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method: 15ml of extraction buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl [ pH8.0],100mM sodium EDTA [ pH8.0],100mM sodium phosphate [ pH8.0],1.5M NaCl,1% CTAB) was used, followed by centrifugation at 5000 Xg for 20 minutes. Proteinase K and SDS were added sequentially and then extracted with phenol-chloroform. The DNA was precipitated with isopropanol, then washed with 70% ethanol, left to stand for drying and dissolved in TE buffer. Genomic DNA concentration and integrity were analyzed by Qubit fluorometer and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The extracted nucleic acid is sent to Hua big gene (BGI, wuhan, china) for metagenome sequencing to obtain an original metagenome data set.|[0043] Step 2: obtaining distribution and abundance information of carbon fixation channels in samples in metagenomic data set|[0044] On a Linux operation platform, firstly, trimming original reads data of each sample metagenome by using a metaWRAP program, filtering and controlling the quality to obtain metagenome data of clean reads; and then analyzing the inputted metagenome data of clean reads and performing KEGG database function annotation by using Diting software, wherein the specific operation is as follows: downloading and installing the rating software on a Linux platform, inputting an operating code of 'rating.py-rClean-o Clean-reads.rating.out', and automatically assembling the obtained Clean reads into a conti by using a Megahit program by a program; the open reading frame ORF gene was obtained from contig using the Prodigal program; mapping the imported clean reads into the ORF using BWA-MEM program and calculating the relative abundance of the ORF gene in the sample; simultaneously, the protein sequences transcribed from the ORF genes are compared with a KOfam database by using hmmsearch program, and the KofamKOALA program is used for distributing and comparing each protein sequence to KO numbers; thus, abundance information of each protein sequence (one functional gene for each KO number) in each sample was obtained (Table 2).|[0045] Table 2: abundance distribution information of ko numbers output by Diting software in water layers with different depths|[0046] |[0047] Finally, searching a marker gene group of six carbon sequestration passages of the microorganism, and normalizing according to an established formula to finally define the relative abundance characteristics of each carbon sequestration passage in each seawater sample (figure 2). For example, the number of the cells to be processed,A W-L =a K00198 +a K14138 ;A 3HP/4HB =a K15016 +a K14534 +a K15039 ;A DC/4HB =a K15016 +a K14534 ;|[0048] in the marine blue hole sample of fig. 2, the distribution and abundance characteristics of the six carbon sequestration pathways at different depths were chosen, and a potential microbial population containing these carbon sequestration pathways, were found to be predominantly in the CBB circulation pathway of microorganisms at the surface layer of the blue hole, predominantly in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway at the deep layer, and possibly absent in the 3HP pathway due to the lack of the malonyl coa reductase marker gene (K14468) (table 2 and fig. 2).|[0049] Step 3: binning bins further acquire microbial genomes (MAGs), detecting marker gene groups from genome level|[0050] The above-described conventional metagenomic sequencing annotated species information provides only scattered gene segments, and the annotated species information is limited by the sequence library.|[0051] However, metagenomic binning techniques can achieve longer continuous sequences, identify microorganisms that are not cultured or are of a lesser known extent, and thus provide more complete and accurate genomic information. The obtained MAGs can be used for researching the metabolic potential and ecological functions of finer microbial communities.|[0052] Firstly, analyzing, combining and improving assembled contigs obtained in the steps by using MetaBAT, maxBin and MetaWRAP programs, and recovering MAGs;|[0053] to further improve the quality of MAGs, metagenomic reads were remapped to each MAG, and reassembled using the SPades program; checking the quality of MAGs using the CheckM program;|[0054] then, using a GTDB-Tk program, carrying out species classification prediction on each genome MAGs according to a GTDB species database to obtain fine microorganism classification of each MAGs; genome MAGs annotation was performed with the Prokka program;|[0055] finally, the BlastKOALA program is used, and the carbon sequestration pathway in MAG is predicted based on KEGG function database. The 64 high quality MAGs (complexation >75%, continuity < 5%) in the ocean blue hole and the marker gene group distribution information containing different carbon fixation channels on the genome were obtained by the above analysis reconstruction (FIG. 3).|[0056] Comparing the species annotated from the environmental marker gene fragments in step 2, it was found that some of them were indeed deficient in the relevant marker gene at the genomic level, e.g. the marker genes of the 3HP pathway (K14468 and K14470) were not actually present on the Desulfobacterials and Acidimirobiales genomes, and the subsequent fact also demonstrated that these two types of microorganisms had an almost complete W-L pathway (FIGS. 2, 3 and 4).|[0057] Step 4: the KEGG-Decoder program further evaluates the integrity of the carbon sequestration pathways of the microbial genome and screens true autotrophic MAGs.|[0058] Pathway identification based on only a single carbon-fixing marker gene may be inaccurate, incomplete. To further verify whether microbial genome MAGs have autotrophic, nearly complete carbon sequestration pathways, the KEGG-Decoder program was used to evaluate the percent integrity of a particular carbon sequestration pathway in MAGs containing a marker gene population, with pathway completions greater than 70% indicating that the microorganism has nearly complete, certain carbon sequestration pathways. Starting from the protein fasta file of genomic MAGs (INPUT_PROTEIN. Fasta), a text file (KOALA_OUTPUT. Txt) is assigned according to KO output (including blastKOALA, ghostKOALA, KOFAMSCAN) in the KEGG database as an INPUT file, and then the code "KEGG-decoder- -INPUT (-i) is run on the Linux platform<KOALA_OUTPUT.txt>--output(-o)<FUNCTION_OUT.list>--vizoption(-v)<static/interactive/tanglegram>", a plurality of interactive heatmaps are finally output. Thus, the near complete carbon sequestration pathway on the autotrophic microorganism genome is demonstrated in the marine blue hole example of FIG. 4, along with CO 2 A series of other complete redox pathways coupled by a stationary phase. It can be seen that the CBB cycle and W-L pathway have the highest pathway completion in the autotrophic genome and are primarily coupled with the sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction pathways for energy sequestration, e.g., bacillus desulphus utilizes nearly complete W-L pathways, complete hydroxylamine oxidation and sulfate reduction reactions for energy metabolism; the Proteus utilizes complete CBB circulation, sulphur oxidation and sulphate reduction reactions to synthesize organic carbon.|[0059] Therefore, the method of the invention can accurately detect the autotrophic microorganism group and related CO in the ocean by selecting the representative carbon fixation marker gene group, rebuilding the high quality MAGs of the autotrophic microorganism group in the ocean and combining the integrity analysis of the carbon fixation passage in the genome 2 The passageway is fixed. | (CN116564413)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of marine microorganism detection, and particularly relates to a method for detecting microorganism types and abundance in different carbon fixation ways.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean is the largest carbon reservoir on earth, while marine microorganisms are small in size, are of a great variety and have huge biomass, and have important roles in the global carbon circulation process. CO is immobilized by photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms in ocean every day 2 The amount of organic carbon produced can be comparable to the amount of organic carbon fixed by all plants on land. At present, microorganisms participating in carbon fixation in various ecosystems on land are widely studied, but CO is fixed in the sea 2 Further intensive research is needed for autotrophic microbiota and its pathway detection.|[0003] To date, the following six microbial autotrophic carbon-fixing pathways have been identified: the Calvin (CBB) cycle, the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, the Wood-Ljungdahl (W-L) pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionic acid/4-hydroxybutyric acid (3 HP-4 HB) cycle, the 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle (3 HP) and the dicarboxylic acid/4-hydroxybutyric acid (DC-4 HB) cycle pathways. In the prior art, the information of autotrophic microorganism groups is obtained based on the traditional pure culture or single cell sequencing technology and a high-throughput sequencing mode. However, the existing method is based on the fact that the types of autotrophic microorganisms obtained by a pure culture method are limited, so that a plurality of autotrophic microorganism groups which cannot be cultured and are difficult to separate are often ignored, and therefore a more comprehensive and real autotrophic microorganism community composition cannot be obtained; the single-cell sequencing technology is not easy to independently obtain the genome information of a plurality of autotrophic microorganisms, and the cost is high; conventional metagenomic sequencing, while allowing the acquisition of all microbial information in a mixed sample, does not allow the assembly of long and continuous genomic fragments to obtain high quality autotrophic microbial genomic information.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the types and the abundance of microorganisms in different carbon fixation paths, namely a method for accurately analyzing non-cultured autotrophic microorganism groups and CO thereof in a seawater environment 2 A method for fixing a passage.|[0005] The present invention first provides a marker gene group for detecting a microbial autotrophic carbon-fixed pathway, the marker gene group comprising:|[0006] a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of the calvin cycle carbon-fixing pathway, comprising phosphoribulokinase (prkB), ribose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL-bisphosphate carboxylase large chain) and ribose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS);|[0007] a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of a reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising an ATP-citrate lyase alpha subunit (ATP-citrate lyase alpha-subnit, aclA) and an ATP-citrate lyase beta subunit (ATP-citrate lyase beta-subnit, aclB);|[0008] a marker gene set for detecting Wood-Ljungdahl pathway microorganisms comprising a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase catalytic subunit (carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase catalytic subunit, acsA) and an acetyl-CoA synthase (acsB);|[0009] a marker gene group for detecting a microorganism of the 3-hydroxypropionic acid/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (3-hydroxyycyl-CoA dehydrogenase), 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrase), and 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase);|[0010] a marker gene set for detecting a microorganism of a 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle carbon fixation pathway, comprising malonyl-CoA reductase (S) -citrate-CoA lyase (S) -3-methylfumarate CoA hydratase (3-methylfumarate-CoA hydratase) and 2-methylfumarate CoA isomerase (2-methylfumarate-CoA isomerase);|[0011] a marker gene set for detecting a dicarboxylic acid/4-hydroxybutyrate circulatory pathway carbon fixation pathway microorganism, comprising 3-hydroxycyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrase;|[0012] the marker gene group provided by the invention is used for detecting the categories and the abundance of microorganisms with different carbon fixation paths;|[0013] a method thereof comprising the steps of:|[0014] 1) Collecting an environmental DNA sample of a seawater sample to be detected, and then performing metagenome sequencing to obtain an original metagenome data set;|[0015] 2) On a Linux operation platform, firstly, trimming original reads data of macro genomes of each sample by using a metaWRAP program, filtering and controlling the quality to obtain metagenome data of clean reads; and analyzing the inputted metagenome data of clean reads and performing KEGG database function annotation by using Diting software to obtain the abundance information of the corresponding genes in the marker gene group in the sample metagenome.|[0016] The specific operation steps are as follows: assembling the obtained metagenome data of clean reads into contigs by using Megahit program in Diting software; the Prodigal program was used to predict genes from contigs to obtain open reading frame ORFs; predicting genes using BWA-MEM program; simultaneously, the hmmsearch program is used for comparing the protein sequence translated by the predicted gene with the KOfam database, and the KofamKOALA program is used for distributing and comparing the protein sequence to KO numbers; and then obtaining the abundance information of KO numbers corresponding to each protein sequence in each sample, and finally, calculating the abundance information of each carbon fixation channel in the sample according to formula standardization:|[0017] |[0018] wherein A is i Is the relative abundance of each carbon-fixing channel, a m_n Is the relative abundance of genes in each step in the carbon sequestration pathway, m is the step in which the carbon sequestration pathway is completed, and n is the number of genes in the same step.|[0019] 3) In order to further improve the detection accuracy of the method at the genome level, a MetaBAT, maxBin and MetaWRAP program is firstly used to obtain a high-quality microbial metagenome assembly genome (metagenome-assembled genomes, MAGs) from assembly contigs obtained in the steps, and the presence of a marker gene group is searched and determined from the MAGs to obtain the abundance information of the corresponding genes in the fine marker gene group in the metagenome assembly genome.|[0020] 4) Still further, the method of the present invention uses the KEGG-Decoder program to evaluate the percentage integrity of a particular carbon sequestration pathway in a MAGs in order to determine whether the genome MAGs of the microorganism has an autotrophic, nearly intact carbon sequestration pathway, defining a pathway completion of greater than 70% containing a marker gene population, indicating that the microorganism has a nearly intact carbon sequestration pathway.|[0021] Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:|[0022] 1. overcomes the defects of the traditional culture and library construction method of autotrophic microorganisms by a single-gene approach, and can more comprehensively obtain the autotrophic microorganism group based on the metagenome sequencing technology.|[0023] 2. The complex and cumbersome analysis flow of the conventional metagenome is avoided, and the rating software can analyze and evaluate the distribution and importance degree of six carbon sequestration routes in different areas and at different depths of the ocean more simply and efficiently.|[0024] 3. Obtaining high quality microbial genome MAGs can provide more accurate evidence of the presence of carbon-fixing marker gene groups in autotrophic microbiota, and can also develop novel carbon-fixing microbiota.|[0025] 4. The autotrophic microorganism genome MAGs can be further judged, and the integrity of specific carbon fixation channels can be evaluated.|[0026] 5. In addition, based on the KEGG function database, the method can additionally provide oxidation-reduction reaction information related to nitrogen and sulfur connected with a carbon fixation path, such as sulfur oxidation reaction, nitration reaction, sulfate reduction reaction and denitrification reaction, which are respectively used as an electron donor and an acceptor to couple with the carbon fixation path to carry out energy supply and synthesis of organic matters.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for accurately analyzing CO of a non-cultured autotrophic microorganism according to the present invention 2 A flow chart of a method of securing a pathway.|[0028] FIG. 2 is a thermal profile of the distribution of six carbon sequestration pathways in ocean blue holes in water layers of different depths. The left side of the graph is the abundance information of carbon-fixing pathways in each sample at a depth of 0-170m, the right side of the graph is at metagenomic level, the microbiota containing potential carbon-fixing pathways, and the abundance is top four.|[0029] FIG. 3 is the presence or absence of marker gene clusters in reconstructed MAGs in marine blue holes and the fine species classification annotated by the GTDB database.|[0030] FIG. 4 is a thermal diagram of carbon sequestration pathway integrity verification of the genome of autotrophic microorganisms in marine blue holes. The top of the figure is the numbering of the autotrophic microorganism genome MAGs, the bottom of the figure is the genomic species classification information, the right of the figure is the integrity of the carbon-fixing pathways present in the genome, and the integrity of the coupled common redox reactions.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0031] The invention reconstructs high quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) MAGs of autotrophic microorganisms in the ocean by selecting representative carbon fixation marker gene groups, and can accurately detect the autotrophic microorganisms in the ocean and related CO by combining the integrity analysis of the carbon fixation passage in the genome 2 The passageway is fixed.|[0032] The invention efficiently and accurately analyzes autotrophic microorganism CO based on the marine metagenome data set and the unique analysis method 2 The passageway is fixed. The method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art.|[0033] Example 1: determination of marker Gene populations for detection of the autotrophic carbon-fixed pathway of microorganisms|[0034] Based on the KEGG functional database, representative marker gene groups in six carbon sequestration pathways of the microorganism and corresponding protein KO numbers are summarized.|[0035] A series of functional genes in each microorganism carbon fixation channel can cooperate to complete CO 2 And (5) a fixing process. However, certain unique functional genes encoding key or rate-limiting enzymes often reside only in specific carbon-fixing pathways, and the present invention defines these essential and representative functional genes as marker gene groups. Therefore, prior to studying microbial carbon-fixed pathways, it was necessary to accurately discover marker gene clusters that could represent specific carbon-fixed pathways to indicate the likelihood of potential pathways being present. The BLASTP program is then used in searching the metagenome data set and MAGs sequence for carbon fixing marker gene sequence and checking the conserved sequence in the marker gene to confirm the carbon fixing passage in each sampleAnd abundance variations, and corresponding specific microbiota.|[0036] Finally, a representative marker gene population in the six-carbon fixation pathway and the corresponding protein KO numbers in the KEGG database were integrated (table 1).|[0037] Table 1: marker gene group gene of microorganism carbon fixation pathway and corresponding protein KO number table|[0038] |[0039] Example 2: method for constructing and detecting microorganism types and abundance of different carbon fixation paths|[0040] The following is a specific example of ocean blue hole to simply and efficiently realize the research of microorganism carbon fixation passage.|[0041] Step 1: seawater sample collection and environmental DNA extraction|[0042] Seawater samples were collected at different depths with Niskin bottles and filtered using polycarbonate filters to collect samples of environmental microbiological filters. The filter samples were first ground in liquid nitrogen. The DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method: 15ml of extraction buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl [ pH8.0],100mM sodium EDTA [ pH8.0],100mM sodium phosphate [ pH8.0],1.5M NaCl,1% CTAB) was used, followed by centrifugation at 5000 Xg for 20 minutes. Proteinase K and SDS were added sequentially and then extracted with phenol-chloroform. The DNA was precipitated with isopropanol, then washed with 70% ethanol, left to stand for drying and dissolved in TE buffer. Genomic DNA concentration and integrity were analyzed by Qubit fluorometer and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The extracted nucleic acid is sent to Hua big gene (BGI, wuhan, china) for metagenome sequencing to obtain an original metagenome data set.|[0043] Step 2: obtaining distribution and abundance information of carbon fixation channels in samples in metagenomic data set|[0044] On a Linux operation platform, firstly, trimming original reads data of each sample metagenome by using a metaWRAP program, filtering and controlling the quality to obtain metagenome data of clean reads; and then analyzing the inputted metagenome data of clean reads and performing KEGG database function annotation by using Diting software, wherein the specific operation is as follows: downloading and installing the rating software on a Linux platform, inputting an operating code of 'rating.py-rClean-o Clean-reads.rating.out', and automatically assembling the obtained Clean reads into a conti by using a Megahit program by a program; the open reading frame ORF gene was obtained from contig using the Prodigal program; mapping the imported clean reads into the ORF using BWA-MEM program and calculating the relative abundance of the ORF gene in the sample; simultaneously, the protein sequences transcribed from the ORF genes are compared with a KOfam database by using hmmsearch program, and the KofamKOALA program is used for distributing and comparing each protein sequence to KO numbers; thus, abundance information of each protein sequence (one functional gene for each KO number) in each sample was obtained (Table 2).|[0045] Table 2: abundance distribution information of ko numbers output by Diting software in water layers with different depths|[0046] |[0047] Finally, searching a marker gene group of six carbon sequestration passages of the microorganism, and normalizing according to an established formula to finally define the relative abundance characteristics of each carbon sequestration passage in each seawater sample (figure 2). For example, the number of the cells to be processed,A W-L =a K00198 +a K14138 ;A 3HP/4HB =a K15016 +a K14534 +a K15039 ;A DC/4HB =a K15016 +a K14534 ;|[0048] in the marine blue hole sample of fig. 2, the distribution and abundance characteristics of the six carbon sequestration pathways at different depths were chosen, and a potential microbial population containing these carbon sequestration pathways, were found to be predominantly in the CBB circulation pathway of microorganisms at the surface layer of the blue hole, predominantly in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway at the deep layer, and possibly absent in the 3HP pathway due to the lack of the malonyl coa reductase marker gene (K14468) (table 2 and fig. 2).|[0049] Step 3: binning bins further acquire microbial genomes (MAGs), detecting marker gene groups from genome level|[0050] The above-described conventional metagenomic sequencing annotated species information provides only scattered gene segments, and the annotated species information is limited by the sequence library.|[0051] However, metagenomic binning techniques can achieve longer continuous sequences, identify microorganisms that are not cultured or are of a lesser known extent, and thus provide more complete and accurate genomic information. The obtained MAGs can be used for researching the metabolic potential and ecological functions of finer microbial communities.|[0052] Firstly, analyzing, combining and improving assembled contigs obtained in the steps by using MetaBAT, maxBin and MetaWRAP programs, and recovering MAGs;|[0053] to further improve the quality of MAGs, metagenomic reads were remapped to each MAG, and reassembled using the SPades program; checking the quality of MAGs using the CheckM program;|[0054] then, using a GTDB-Tk program, carrying out species classification prediction on each genome MAGs according to a GTDB species database to obtain fine microorganism classification of each MAGs; genome MAGs annotation was performed with the Prokka program;|[0055] finally, the BlastKOALA program is used, and the carbon sequestration pathway in MAG is predicted based on KEGG function database. The 64 high quality MAGs (complexation >75%, continuity < 5%) in the ocean blue hole and the marker gene group distribution information containing different carbon fixation channels on the genome were obtained by the above analysis reconstruction (FIG. 3).|[0056] Comparing the species annotated from the environmental marker gene fragments in step 2, it was found that some of them were indeed deficient in the relevant marker gene at the genomic level, e.g. the marker genes of the 3HP pathway (K14468 and K14470) were not actually present on the Desulfobacterials and Acidimirobiales genomes, and the subsequent fact also demonstrated that these two types of microorganisms had an almost complete W-L pathway (FIGS. 2, 3 and 4).|[0057] Step 4: the KEGG-Decoder program further evaluates the integrity of the carbon sequestration pathways of the microbial genome and screens true autotrophic MAGs.|[0058] Pathway identification based on only a single carbon-fixing marker gene may be inaccurate, incomplete. To further verify whether microbial genome MAGs have autotrophic, nearly complete carbon sequestration pathways, the KEGG-Decoder program was used to evaluate the percent integrity of a particular carbon sequestration pathway in MAGs containing a marker gene population, with pathway completions greater than 70% indicating that the microorganism has nearly complete, certain carbon sequestration pathways. Starting from the protein fasta file of genomic MAGs (INPUT_PROTEIN. Fasta), a text file (KOALA_OUTPUT. Txt) is assigned according to KO output (including blastKOALA, ghostKOALA, KOFAMSCAN) in the KEGG database as an INPUT file, and then the code "KEGG-decoder- -INPUT (-i) is run on the Linux platform<KOALA_OUTPUT.txt>--output(-o)<FUNCTION_OUT.list>--vizoption(-v)<static/interactive/tanglegram>", a plurality of interactive heatmaps are finally output. Thus, the near complete carbon sequestration pathway on the autotrophic microorganism genome is demonstrated in the marine blue hole example of FIG. 4, along with CO 2 A series of other complete redox pathways coupled by a stationary phase. It can be seen that the CBB cycle and W-L pathway have the highest pathway completion in the autotrophic genome and are primarily coupled with the sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction pathways for energy sequestration, e.g., bacillus desulphus utilizes nearly complete W-L pathways, complete hydroxylamine oxidation and sulfate reduction reactions for energy metabolism; the Proteus utilizes complete CBB circulation, sulphur oxidation and sulphate reduction reactions to synthesize organic carbon.|[0059] Therefore, the method of the invention can accurately detect the autotrophic microorganism group and related CO in the ocean by selecting the representative carbon fixation marker gene group, rebuilding the high quality MAGs of the autotrophic microorganism group in the ocean and combining the integrity analysis of the carbon fixation passage in the genome 2 The passageway is fixed. | Family Number|(106057908)|106057908|Abstract|(CN116564413 A)|The invention provides a method for detecting species and abundance of microorganisms in different carbon sequestration pathways , namely a method for accurately analyzing non - cultured autotrophic microorganism groups and CO2 immobilization pathways thereof in a seawater environment . The method provided by the invention overcomes the defects of the traditional culture of autotrophic microorganisms and a method for constructing a library through a single gene way , and can more comprehensively obtain the autotrophic microorganism class group based on a metagenome sequencing technology . The relatively complex and tedious analysis process of the conventional metagenome is avoided , and the Diting software can more simply and efficiently analyze and evaluate the distribution and importance degree of the carbon sequestration pathways in different regions and different depths of the ocean . High - quality microbial genomes MAGs can be obtained , evidence of existence of a carbon sequestration marker gene group in an autotrophic microbe group can be provided more accurately , and a novel carbon sequestration microbe group can be explored . |Title|(CN116564413 A)|Method for detecting species and abundance of microorganisms in different carbon sequestration pathways | | Analysis of biological materials|Biotechnology|Telecommunications | C12Q-001/68/69|G01N-033/18|G16B-030/10|G16B-050/10 | C12Q-001/68/69|G01N-033/18|G16B-030/10|G16B-050/10 | C12Q-001/6869|G01N-033/18|G16B-030/10|G16B-050/10 | C12Q-001/6869|G01N-033/18|G16B-030/10|G16B-050/10 | CN119780037 | CN119780037 114103096 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN114717294|CN114509811|CN112786102|WO2020253224 | CN114717294 100816709 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN114509811 100078676 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN112786102 94010652 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2020253224 86258119 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CHUN-XU XUE等: "DiTing: A Pipeline to Infer and Compare Biogeochemical Pathways From Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Data", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY, pages 1 - 15 (Cat. Y)|QIUYUN JIANG等: "Insights into carbon-fixation pathways through metagonomics in the sediments of deep-sea cold seeps", MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN, pages 1 - 13 (Cat. Y) | WO2020253224; CN112786102; CN114509811; CN114717294 | LAPSED | (CN116564413)|LAPSED | DEAD | (CN116564413)|DEAD | (CN116564413)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN116564413|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-01-03|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2023-05-06|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202310500015|Application date=2023-05-06|Standardized application number=2023CN-0500015|Event publication date=2023-08-08|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116564413|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-08-08|Standardized publication number=CN116564413|Event publication date=2023-08-08|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-08-25|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-01-03|Event code=CN/WD01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSlHZLI4exAzVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000069001271&ekey=2163&xpn=CN116564413&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=V6a2Ur0wNL0mm5w65b4BrZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN116564413)|CN | (CN116564413)|NAME=OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN | (CN116564413)|NAME=SHEN SHIJUAN;BEIJING ZHIRAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=11975 | (CN116564413)|NAME=ZHANG XIAOHUA|NAME=CHEN XING|NAME=XUE CHUNXU|NAME=LIU JIWEN | Titre: (CN116564413)|Method for detecting species and abundance of microorganisms in different carbon sequestration pathways Résumé: (CN116564413)|The invention provides a method for detecting species and abundance of microorganisms in different carbon sequestration pathways, namely a method for accurately analyzing non-cultured autotrophic microorganism groups and CO2 immobilization pathways thereof in a seawater environment. The method provided by the invention overcomes the defects of the traditional culture of autotrophic microorganisms and a method for constructing a library through a single gene way, and can more comprehensively obtain the autotrophic microorganism class group based on a metagenome sequencing technology. The relatively complex and tedious analysis process of the conventional metagenome is avoided, and the Diting software can more simply and efficiently analyze and evaluate the distribution and importance degree of the carbon sequestration pathways in different regions and different depths of the ocean. High-quality microbial genomes MAGs can be obtained, evidence of existence of a carbon sequestration marker gene group in an autotrophic microbe group can be provided more accurately, and a novel carbon sequestration microbe group can be explored. | 5.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses carbon sequestration pathways and microorganisms but does not explicitly mention ocean fertilization or nutrient addition for phytoplankton growth. | 4.0 | 1.0 | (CN116564413)|1 | (CN116564413)|8 | (CN116564413)|9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN116564413)|4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN116564413)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-08-08|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-3201|Number of Pages: NPAGES=13| | (CN116564413)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN116564413)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | CN202211289152 | CN202211289152 | CN115738683 | 104010145 | CN115738683 A 2023-03-07 [CN115738683] | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | 2023-03-07 | (CN115738683)|2026-03-10 | (CN115738683)|Improved method for carbon sequestration in ocean | (CN115738683)|The invention discloses a method for improving carbon sequestration in ocean, which comprises the following steps of: arranging an energy converter on the sea surface, and arranging a light emitting device below a heavy spring layer/thermocline layer or the heavy spring layer/thermocline layer; the energy converter is connected with the light emitting device through a cable; after the light emitting device is powered on, a light area is formed in the heavy spring layer and/or the layered marine environment below the heavy spring layer. A light emitting device is disposed below the heavy spring layer to provide a subsea light zone for promoting growth of organic matter such that the resulting organic material sinks to a deeper depth and incorporates into the seabed deposit. Wave energy is utilized to generate electricity, and then electricity is utilized to provide light that promotes biomass production. When biomass dies, fixed carbon can be taken away in the form of ocean snow, and the biomass sinks into ocean sediments. In order to provide environmental benefits, not only primary production can be promoted, but also the results of the production can result in long-term sequestration of carbon. | ZHEJIANG OCEAN UNIVERSITY | (CN115738683)|ZHEJIANG OCEAN UNIVERSITY ([CN]) | LIU JINGYI|ZHAO SHENG|GUI FENG|ZHOU QIAN|XU XIEQIN | (CN115738683)|LIU JINGYI|ZHAO SHENG|GUI FENG|ZHOU QIAN|XU XIEQIN | (CN115738683)|WU BINGZHONG;HANGZHOU ZHEKE PATENT AGENCY|Reg. Nb: 33213 | (CN115738683)|Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:|The wave energy has the advantages of high energy density, wide distribution range and the like.|Biofouling is the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, and animals on underwater structures.|In the ocean, sequestration by phytoplankton is limited by the availability of nutrients and the continuous circulation of organic matter in the mixed layers in the light zone near the water surface.| | (CN115738683)|1. An improved method of carbon sequestration in the ocean, comprising the steps of:(1) Arranging an energy converter on the sea surface, and arranging a light emitting device below the heavy jump layer/thermocline or the heavy jump layer/thermocline;(2) Connecting the energy converter with the light emitting device through a cable;(3) When the light emitting device is powered on, a light zone is formed in the stratified marine environment below the heavy jump layer and/or the heavy jump layer.| | (CN115738683)|It is therefore an object of the present invention to create a sink in a deep sea environment that will absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the optical zone and into phytoplankton stimulated by the artificial optical zone to absorb and sequester the carbon dioxide.|The invention discloses an improvement method for carbon sequestration in the ocean, which comprises the following steps: arranging an energy converter on the sea surface, and arranging a light emitting device below the heavy jump layer/thermocline or the heavy jump layer/thermocline; connecting the energy converter with the light emitting device through a cable; when the light emitting device is powered on, a light zone is formed in the stratified marine environment below the heavy jump layer and/or the heavy jump layer.| | (CN115738683)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,29)|SEA(100,19)|HEAVY JUMP THERMOCLINE(100,6)|CONVERTING ENERGY(41,44)|HEAVY JUMP LAYER(36,16)|STRATIFIED MARINE ENVIRONMENT(29,8)|ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL ZONE(24,1)|SEABED SEDIMENT(23,6)|FLOATING PLATFORM(21,6)|OCEAN SEDIMENT(20,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON(18,6)|OCEAN SNOW(18,3)|DEEP SEA ENVIRONMENT(18,1)|BIOFOULING(17,1)|ORGANIC MATTER CIRCULATION(16,1)|LIGHT ZONE(15,10)|TUBE CONDUCTION(15,2)|DRUM(13,4)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION(13,3)|SEQUESTRATION(13,3)|TRANSFORMER(12,13)|SUBMARINE LIGHT ZONE(12,3)|SINK(12,1)|UNDERWATER STRUCTURE(12,1)|COLLECTOR(11,7)|SOLAR LIGHT PANEL(9,5)|ALGAE(9,3)|ELECTRICITY(9,3)|LIGHT DIFFUSER(9,3)|ANIMAL(9,2)|PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL(8,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE(7,8)|BUOY(7,4)|ORGANIC MATTER GROWTH(7,4)|DEPTH FEEDBACK LOOP(7,3)|ENERGY(7,2)|ELECTRICAL CONDUIT(6,9)|ORGANIC MATTER(6,7)|SHEATH(6,4)|NUTRITIOUS HIGHLIGHT ZONE(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|WAVE POWER GENERATOR(6,1)|WAVE ENERGY(5,10)|THERMOCLINE LAYER(5,4)|CARBON LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(5,3)|HEAVY JUMP(5,3)|NATURAL NUTRIENT RICH ENVIRONMENT(5,2)|PERMANENT THERMOCLINE(5,2)|SEASONAL STRATIFICATION(5,1)|LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE(4,31)|SEA SURFACE(4,10)|LIGHT EMISSION(4,7)|TEMPERATURE SENSOR(4,7)|SEAWATER(4,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION FACILITY(4,3)|SINGLE CABLE(4,3)|ORGANIC ORGANISM GROWTH(4,2)|ABSORB DEEP SAND(4,1)|BARRIER REGION(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL SUBSURFACE MAXIMUM(4,1)|DENSE JUMP(4,1)|GREEN CHLOROPHYL MAXIMUM ABSORBANCE(4,1)|GULF VICINITY(4,1)|INEXHAUSTIBLE RENEWABLE CLEAN ENERGY(4,1)|INTANGIBLE BARRIER(4,1)|LAYERED MARINE ENVIRONMENT SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|OCEAN STRATIFICATION(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(4,1)|RECIPROCATING AIRFLOW ENERGY(4,1)|SALTINESS ZONE(4,1)|SOUTH LATITUDE(4,1)|TEMPERATE OCEAN(4,1)|WARM FRESHWATER(4,1)|WIDE DISTRIBUTION RANGE(4,1)|WATER SURFACE(3,10)|MIXED LAYER(3,6)|AIR TURBINE WAVE POWER(3,5)|PRIMARY PRODUCTION(3,4)|PRODUCTION RESULT(3,3)|DEEP DEPTH(3,2)|LED ARRAY(3,2)|ORGANISM LIFE FORM(3,2)|DEEP CHLOROPHYL MAXIMUM(3,1)|DENSITY JUMPING CREATION(3,1)|ENVIRONMENT STRATIFICATION(3,1)|ESTUARY ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|PERIODIC CLEANING(3,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|SEASONAL WEATHER CHANGE(3,1)|STABLE THERMOCLINE(3,1)|TREE CROWN(3,1)|ELECTRIC CONDUIT(2,11)|OUTER WALL(2,7)|DENSE LAYER(2,2)|METABOLISM(2,2)|OCEAN CURRENT(2,2)|ANTIBIOCONTAMINATION(2,1)|BLEND LAYER(2,1)|BRINE(2,1)|CALM DEEP LAYER(2,1)|CALMING LAYER(2,1)|CARBON ABSORPTION(2,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(2,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE PROPORTION(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL REGION(2,1)|DCM REGION(2,1)|DISCONTINUITY LAYER(2,1)|EMISSION DEPTH(2,1)|HIGH ENERGY DENSITY(2,1)|MEDIUM LATITUDE(2,1)|MIXING TURBULENCE(2,1)|OCEAN SOLUTION(2,1)|RECOMBINATION LAYER(2,1)|SALT WEDGE(2,1)|SEABED LIGHT ZONE(2,1)|TURBULENT MIXING(2,1)|UNFILTERED LIGHT(2,1)| | (CN115738683)|1. An improved method of carbon sequestration in the ocean, comprising the steps of:|(1) Arranging an energy converter on the sea surface, and arranging a light emitting device below the heavy jump layer/thermocline or the heavy jump layer/thermocline;|(2) Connecting the energy converter with the light emitting device through a cable;|(3) When the light emitting device is powered on, a light zone is formed in the stratified marine environment below the heavy jump layer and/or the heavy jump layer.|2. The improved method for carbon sequestration in the ocean of claim 1, wherein in step (2) the cable is a single cable or a plurality of cables disposed in an electrical conduit having two ends connected to the energy converter and the light emitting device, respectively.|3. The improved method of carbon sequestration in the ocean of claim 1 wherein the depth of the light emitting device is adjustable, a drum is positioned below the energy converter, the cable is wound around the drum, and the drum is rotated to lay down or retract the cable.|4. The improvement in carbon sequestration in the ocean of claim 2 wherein the outer wall of the electrical conduit is provided with a sheath.|5. The improved method for carbon sequestration in the ocean of claim 2, wherein the outside of the conductive tube is provided with a plurality of sets of temperature sensors, and the temperature sensors are arranged on the outer wall of the conductive tube in a row to form a depth feedback loop.|6. The improved method for carbon sequestration in the ocean of claim 1, wherein the energy converter is a wave power generator and/or an air turbine wave power generator, and a solar light panel is fixedly disposed on one side of the energy converter.|7. The improved method for carbon sequestration in the ocean of claim 1 or 6, wherein a collector is provided on the ocean surface, a battery is provided below the energy converter, the collector is connected to the battery, and the battery is connected to the energy converter and the cable, respectively, and the battery is capable of storing energy and/or delivering energy to the light emitting device via the cable.|8. The method of claim 1, wherein the light emitting device is a point light source or a light diffuser, and when the light emitting device is a point light source, the light emitting device is at least one LED array.|9. The improvement of carbon sequestration in oceans of claim 8, wherein the light-emitting device is provided with a filter device that limits the wavelength of light emitted by the light-emitting device to 400-700nm.|10. The improvement of carbon sequestration in the ocean according to claim 2, wherein a transformer is provided inside the energy converter, through which the power is transmitted to the electrical conduit;|the transformer is arranged on the water surface or near the water surface, and floats to form a buoy;|the bottom of the energy converter is provided with a floating platform, and the energy converter is fixed above the floating platform;|the energy converter comprises one or more photovoltaic cells. | (CN115738683)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration, and particularly relates to an improvement method for carbon sequestration in oceans.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, etc., are responsible for the level of major causes of climate change in the earth. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find innovative methods for increasing carbon sequestration. This involves extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or ocean and incorporating the carbon into materials that will, over the years, firmly bind the carbon dioxide that plants absorb from the atmosphere and/or ocean through photosynthesis, which is the basis for their life and growth. This form of carbon sequestration is very important, but is usually relatively short lived. For example, the woody material of trees can exist for a hundred years, but these materials can decay and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. In the ocean, sequestration by phytoplankton is limited by the availability of nutrients and the continuous circulation of organic matter in the mixed layers in the light zone near the water surface.|[0003] Various ocean-based solutions have been proposed previously, including pumping nutrient-rich water from deep ocean to light areas, or fertilizing light areas with limited micronutrients (such as iron). In both cases, the purpose is to stimulate phytoplankton growth, thereby increasing the absorption of carbon dioxide for sequestration. However, this increase typically occurs at or near the surface of the water and the proportion of carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere is high.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a technical scheme of an improved method for carbon sequestration in the ocean capable of entering the ocean environment.|[0005] An improved method of carbon sequestration in the ocean comprising the steps of:|(1) Arranging an energy converter on the sea surface, and arranging a light emitting device below the heavy jump layer/thermocline or the heavy jump layer/thermocline;|(2) Connecting the energy converter with the light emitting device through a cable;|(3) When the light emitting device is powered on, a light zone is formed in the stratified marine environment below the heavy jump layer and/or the heavy jump layer.|[0006] And (3) in the step (2), the cable is a single cable or a plurality of cables and is arranged in an electric conduit, and two ends of the electric conduit are respectively connected to the energy converter and the light emitting device. The outer wall of the electric conduit is provided with a sheath. The outside of electric conduction pipe also can be provided with degree sensor, and temperature sensor sets up the multiunit, all arranges the setting on the outer wall of electric conduction pipe, forms degree of depth feedback loop.|[0007] The energy converter is internally provided with a transformer, and the power is transmitted to the electric conduit through the transformer. The transformer is arranged on the water surface or near the water surface, the transformer floats to form a buoy, a floating platform is arranged at the bottom of the energy converter, and the energy converter is fixed above the floating platform. The energy converter comprises one or more photovoltaic cells.|[0008] The depth of the light emitting device is adjustable, a roller is arranged below the energy converter, the cable is wound on the roller, and the roller rotates to put down or take up the cable.|[0009] The energy converter is a wave power generation device and/or an air turbine wave power generator, and a solar light panel is fixedly arranged on one side of the energy converter. The collector is arranged on the sea surface, the battery is arranged below the energy converter, the collector is connected with the battery, the battery is respectively connected with the energy converter and the cable, and the battery can store energy and/or transmit the energy to the light emitting device through the cable.|[0010] The light emitting device is a point light source or a light diffuser, and when the light emitting device is a point light source, the light emitting device is at least one group of LED arrays. The light emitting device is provided with a filter device which limits the wavelength range of the light emitted by the light emitting device to 400-700nm.|[0011] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:|light emitting means are provided below the heavy jump layer to provide a submarine light zone for promoting the growth of organic matter, so that the resulting organic material sinks to a greater depth and is incorporated into the seabed sediment. Wave energy is utilized to generate electricity, which is then utilized to provide light that promotes biomass production. When biomass (e.g., algae and phytoplankton) dies, it carries fixed carbon in the form of ocean snow, sinking into ocean sediment. That is, not only can primary production be promoted in order to provide environmental benefits, but the result of production can lead to long term sequestration of carbon. While yield can be increased by providing some limitation, and the present invention utilizes light areas far from marine environments where natural nutrient rich environments can support increased primary yield. Furthermore, by stimulating the growth of organic organisms in the deep sea, large amounts of organic material will sink to greater depths rather than increasing the production of light transmitting areas in the ground, as carbon may then be returned to the atmosphere by consumption or metabolism.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layered marine environment sequestration process of the present invention;|FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first carbon sequestration apparatus;|FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second carbon sequestration apparatus;|FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third carbon sequestration apparatus;|fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth carbon sequestration apparatus.|[0013] In the figure: 1 a carbon sequestration facility; 2 an energy converter; 201, a collector; 202 batteries; 203 solar light panel; 3 an electric conduit; 301 a sheath; 302 a temperature sensor; 4 emitting light means; 5 phytoplankton; 10 ocean area; 20 repeating the layers; 30 a mixed layer; a mixed layer below 40; a 50 chlorophyll region; 60 light areas; and (4) a 70-temperature jump layer.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0014] The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.|[0015] Example 1|As shown in fig. 1-2, an improved method of carbon sequestration in the ocean, a carbon sequestration facility 1 is deployed in the ocean, the carbon sequestration facility 1 comprising an energy converter 2 deployed at the sea surface and a light emitting device 4 of a hybrid layer 40 deployed below the heavy jump layer 20. The energy converter 2 communicates with the light emitting means 4 via an electrical conduit 3, and the carbon sequestration means 1 is disposed in the ocean area 10. The ocean area is divided into blend layer 30 and the underlying blend layer 40. The electric conduit 3 penetrates downwards from the sea surface, sequentially passes through the mixed layer 30, the heavy layer 20 and the chlorophyll area 50, and then enters the mixed layer 40 below. Wherein blend layer 30 has high light, low nutrient, and low primary product properties, while the lower blend layer 40 has no light zone 60, high nutrient, low or no light weight characteristics. By emitting light means 4, a light zone 60 is formed in the lower hybrid layer 40, which converts the lower hybrid layer 40 into a highly nutritious highlight zone 60, combined with the upper chlorophyll zone 50, allowing for a high carbon yield exit and deposition at the bottom of the ocean.|[0016] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:|firstly, the energy converter 2 is arranged on the sea surface, the light-emitting device 4 is arranged below the heavy jump layer 20/thermocline or the heavy jump layer 20/thermocline, and then the energy converter 2 is connected with the light-emitting device 4 through a cable. Upon energizing the light emitting means 4, a light zone 60 is formed in the stratified marine environment below the heavy jump layer 20 and/or the heavy jump layer 20.|[0017] The cable is a single cable or a plurality of cables and is arranged in the electric conduit 3, and two ends of the electric conduit 3 are respectively connected to the energy converter 2 and the light emitting device 4. The energy converter 2 is a wave power generation device, converts wave energy into electric energy, and transmits the electric energy to the light emitting device 4, and the light emitting device 4 is an LED array. After the LED array emits light, a light area 60 is generated to promote photosynthesis of the phytoplankton 5 for carbon absorption.|[0018] The energy converter 2 is internally provided with a transformer, the power is transmitted to the electric conduit 3 through the transformer, the transformer is arranged on the water surface or close to the water surface, the transformer floats to form a buoy, the bottom of the energy converter 2 is provided with a floating platform, and the energy converter 2 is fixed above the floating platform. The light-emitting means 4 is provided with filtering means which limit the wavelength range of the light emitted by the light-emitting means 4 to 400-700nm.|[0019] Example 2|With reference to fig. 1 and 3, compared to embodiment 1, the difference is that the energy converter 2 is an air turbine wave power generator, a collector 201 is arranged on the sea surface, a battery 202 is arranged below the energy converter 2, the collector 201 is connected to the battery, and the battery 202 is respectively connected to the energy converter 2 and a cable, and the battery 202 is capable of storing energy and/or transmitting energy to the light emitting device 4 via the cable, and includes one or more photovoltaic cells. A solar light panel 203 is fixedly arranged on one side of the energy converter 2. The outer wall of the electrical conduit 3 is provided with a sheath 301 for protecting the electrical conduit 3 and the internal cable.|[0020] Example 3|With reference to fig. 1 and 4, compared with embodiment 1, the difference is that the energy converter 2 is an air turbine wave power generator, a solar light panel 203 is fixedly disposed on one side, temperature sensors 302 are disposed on the outer wall of the electrical conduit 3, and are uniformly distributed on the electrical conduit 3 to form a depth feedback loop. A plurality of sets of cables or wires are arranged in the electric conduit 3, and in order to adjust the depth of the light emitting device 4, a roller is arranged below the energy converter 2, the cables are wound on the roller, and the roller rotates to put down or take up the cables. The carbon sequestration apparatus 1 is applied to the thermocline 70, senses the temperature of the ocean at each depth by the temperature sensor 302, and performs depth adjustment by rotating the drum. The light emitting means 4 employs a light diffuser.|[0021] Example 4|Section 1 and 5, compared with embodiment 3, the difference is that no temperature sensor 302 is arranged on the outer wall of the electric conduit 3, no roller is arranged below the energy converter 2, and the device is applied to the heavy layer 20 in ocean stratification.|[0022] In particular, light is emitted in a stratified marine environment at or below the heavy jump layer to provide a submarine light zone for promoting organic growth, thereby causing the resulting organic material to absorb more deep sand into the seabed sediment. There is provided a carbon sequestration apparatus based on a stratified marine environment, comprising: for emitting light means below the thermocline to provide a seabed light zone for promoting the growth of organic matter, such that the resulting organic material sinks to a deeper depth and is incorporated into seabed sediment.|[0023] An ocean based carbon sequestration apparatus comprising: energy converters for converting wave energy into electrical energy, electrical conduits for transferring the collected power to deeper sea levels via transformers, and devices designed to emit light at deeper sea levels, powered by the transferred power, release light energy, providing zones of light that promote organic growth, thereby allowing organic material to sink to deeper depths and to be incorporated into seabed sediment during use. The optical zone is located at or below the heavy/thermocline layer and the dense layer.|[0024] Thermocline and thermocline layers are typically formed about 100 to 150m below the surface of the earth. The light emitting means may be adapted to provide a region of light at or below the heavy or thermocline. The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) is the sub-surface maximum of chlorophyll concentration in the ocean or other body of water. The light emitting device may be adapted to provide a region of light in the DCM region. 0 the apparatus or method may be adapted for use in a stratified marine environment. Accordingly, the light emitting device may be adapted to provide for the growth of organic matter in a light zone (e.g., below 100m in depth) at or below the thermocline, so that the resulting organic matter may sink to a greater depth and become incorporated into the seabed sediment.|[0025] The principle of these aspects of the invention is therefore to utilize wave energy to generate electricity, which is then utilized to provide light that promotes biomass production. When biomass (e.g., algae and phytoplankton) dies, fixed carbon is carried away in the form of ocean snow, sinking into the ocean sediment.|[0026] The present invention is based on the concept that not only primary production can be promoted but also the result of production can lead to long term sequestration of carbon in order to provide environmental benefits. While yield can be increased by providing some limitation, and the present invention utilizes light areas far from marine environments where natural nutrient rich environments can support increased primary yield. Furthermore, by stimulating the growth of organic organisms in deep sea, large amounts of organic material will sink to greater depths rather than increasing the production of photic zones in the ground surface area, as carbon may then be returned to the atmosphere by consumption or metabolism. If carbon produced by organic materials is incorporated into deep sea seafloor sediments, it will be sequestered for millions or thousands of years.|[0027] It is therefore an object of the present invention to create a sink in a deep sea environment that will absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the optical zone and into phytoplankton stimulated by the artificial optical zone to absorb and sequester the carbon dioxide. It should be noted that a stratified marine environment is particularly suitable for the present invention. The density jump layer is a water layer in which the density of the seawater is suddenly increased along the vertical direction because the density of the seawater is suddenly increased along with the increase of the depth, and is called as the density jump layer. The density of seawater varies greatly between the surface and the deep layer. The seawater with low density will gather on the seawater with high density, and the upper part is light and the lower part is heavy, so that the seawater is distributed in layers. Between these upper and lower layers, a barrier is naturally formed, called a density jump. A stratified environment includes a heavy jump which is a simple barrier but distinct layer in a large body of water, such as the ocean, sea or lake, where the density changes with depth more rapidly than the upper or lower layers. The heavy jump layer may be considered as an intangible barrier separating the upper hybrid layer from the lower calming layer. The reason for creating density jumps depends to a large extent on the season, latitude and wind turbulence mixing, and heavy jumps may be permanent or semi-permanent characteristics of the body of water in which they occur, or they may be temporarily formed due to phenomena such as radiant heating/cooling of surface water during the day/night. Factors that affect the depth and thickness of the layer of discontinuities include seasonal weather changes, latitude, and local environmental conditions, such as tides and ocean currents.|[0028] Turbulent mixing created by wind and sand waves transfers heat from the surface down, which in low and medium latitudes forms a surface mixed water layer of almost uniform temperature, which may be several meters deep to hundreds of meters deep. Under this mixed layer, the temperature starts to change dramatically around 1000 meters at a depth of 200 to 300 meters in open sea. The water layer with the steepest temperature gradient is called the permanent thermocline, and the temperature difference across this layer can be as high as 20 ℃. The permanent thermocline coincides with the water density change between the warmer, low-density surface water and the cold, dense bottom water below. The region of rapidly changing density is called the zone of saltiness, which is a barrier to vertical water circulation and therefore it also affects the vertical distribution of certain chemicals that play a role in marine biology.|[0029] Concentration transitions are caused by strong vertical density gradients in the body of water. In fresh water environments such as lakes and the like, the main reason for such density changes is influenced by water temperature (thermocline), while in sea and estuary environments, rapid density changes in the water column soften due to the combined action of water temperature decrease (thermocline) and salinity increase (saltpeter).|[0030] Areas where fresh and salt water environments meet, such as in the vicinity of gulfs and estuaries, often have strong, well-defined heavy jumps. A large amount of runoff from warmer freshwater may float on cooler saltwater entering the estuary, forming a 10 salt wedge. The amount of mixing from top to bottom will determine the degree of stratification or strength of the deflection. The density difference between the fresh brine is dominant because the friction of the water streams is less mixing.|[0031] In the open sea around 50 ° or 60 ° north or south latitude, the heavy jump layer tends to disappear. This is due to the reduced salinity and temperature variation near the two poles.|[0032] Inclined layers, such as dense layers, are regional barriers to mixing between the upper mixed layer and the lower calm deep layer, so stimulating primary production below dense or hot jump layers is more likely to cause organic matter to sink and fuse into marine sediments.|[0033] Studies have shown that a latitude range of +/-30 deg. represents stable thermocline and thermocline. Temperate oceans show more seasonal stratification and may be useful for different applications of the present invention.|[0034] The light emitting means may be adapted to provide a zone of light between 50 and 200m below the water surface. The depths of the thermocline and thermocline layers often coincide, but not always. Thermocline and thermocline layers are typically formed about 100 to 150m below the surface of the earth. The means for emitting light may be adapted to provide a region of light at or below the thermocline or thermocline, for example at 100m below the thermocline or thermocline.|[0035] Wave energy generation (wave power generation) uses wave energy as power to generate electric energy. The wave energy has the advantages of high energy density, wide distribution range and the like. It is an inexhaustible renewable clean energy. Especially in winter with large energy consumption, the wave energy which can be utilized is the largest. The wave energy power generation has various modes, wherein the pneumatic transmission mode adopts an air turbine wave power generator to convert reciprocating airflow energy generated by compressed air in wave motion into electric energy, and a rotating piece is not contacted with seawater and can rotate at high speed, so that the development is fast. The equipment is also provided with a light energy storage device, and the operation of the equipment can be maintained by using the energy stored by the light energy under the condition that the wave energy cannot meet the requirement of power generation. The energy storage device may be a plurality of photovoltaic cells collectively.|[0036] Compared to other liquids, water is relatively transparent to solar radiation, but much lower than air, and about 50% of the sunlight penetrating the sea surface consists of wavelengths longer than about 780 nm. This infrared radiation is rapidly absorbed and converted into heat at the upper few meters. Ultraviolet radiation (< 380 nm) constitutes only a small fraction of the total radiation, which is also usually rapidly scattered and absorbed, except in very clear ocean waters. The remaining 50% of the radiation, which comprises the visible spectrum, has a wavelength of between about 400 and 700nm and can penetrate into the ocean. These are particularly important for animals with vision, since they are also approximately the same as the wavelengths used by plants in photosynthesis. These wavelengths are commonly referred to as Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR).|[0037] The light-emitting means may thus comprise a matrix of one or more LEDs. LEDs can be used to emit light of a particular wavelength. The frequency of the emitted light may be variable and the light emitting means may be adapted to emit light having a frequency in the range of 400 to 700nm. The means for emitting light may comprise a point light source or may comprise a diffuser. This may depend on the type of organic growth to be promoted. The apparatus may further comprise filtering means. The present invention includes both unfiltered and filtered light. However, filtered light may provide certain advantages. The filter means may remove red light to stop local heating of the water, or may remove ultraviolet light.|[0038] The approximate maximum absorbance of green chlorophyll is 430nm and 662nm, so light in these value regions may be filtered for emission to promote photosynthesis. For some applications, blue light may be preferred and the filter means may provide light wavelengths selected from the range of 400 to 550 nm.|[0039] The emission depth may vary depending on changes in temperature, light intensity, or pressure. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor array provides a feedback loop on the device for adjusting the depth of discharge to optimize production and sequestration.|[0040] The transformer may be located above and near the water surface. This may require some measures to be taken to prevent the accumulation of some marine life, such as mulch or tree crowns. The transformer may comprise or form part of a buoy. The floating device is simple to install and can be tethered.|[0041] Biofouling is the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, and animals on underwater structures. The device may comprise an anti-biocontamination device. This may be of particular relevance to the emitting device to prevent a reduction or loss of intensity in the optical zone. Various known coatings (e.g., copper and copper-based compounds) may be used, or periodic cleaning procedures may be established.|[0042] Although any situation may occur, a device without moving parts is considered particularly advantageous because it reduces the likelihood of failure and damage, and because the required maintenance is removed or reduced.|[0043] An array or cluster of devices can be efficiently deployed to create an enlarged optical zone. This reduces the chance that ocean currents will displace phytoplankton from the light zone. The principle of emitting light below the recombination layer can be applied to other aspects of the present invention. For example, in addition to electrical energy transfer, light may be directed from a light pipe that emits directly in front of the light collector. | (CN115738683)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration, and particularly relates to an improvement method for carbon sequestration in oceans.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, etc., are responsible for the level of major causes of climate change in the earth. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find innovative methods for increasing carbon sequestration. This involves extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or ocean and incorporating the carbon into materials that will, over the years, firmly bind the carbon dioxide that plants absorb from the atmosphere and/or ocean through photosynthesis, which is the basis for their life and growth. This form of carbon sequestration is very important, but is usually relatively short lived. For example, the woody material of trees can exist for a hundred years, but these materials can decay and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. In the ocean, sequestration by phytoplankton is limited by the availability of nutrients and the continuous circulation of organic matter in the mixed layers in the light zone near the water surface.|[0003] Various ocean-based solutions have been proposed previously, including pumping nutrient-rich water from deep ocean to light areas, or fertilizing light areas with limited micronutrients (such as iron). In both cases, the purpose is to stimulate phytoplankton growth, thereby increasing the absorption of carbon dioxide for sequestration. However, this increase typically occurs at or near the surface of the water and the proportion of carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere is high.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a technical scheme of an improved method for carbon sequestration in the ocean capable of entering the ocean environment.|[0005] An improved method of carbon sequestration in the ocean comprising the steps of:|(1) Arranging an energy converter on the sea surface, and arranging a light emitting device below the heavy jump layer/thermocline or the heavy jump layer/thermocline;|(2) Connecting the energy converter with the light emitting device through a cable;|(3) When the light emitting device is powered on, a light zone is formed in the stratified marine environment below the heavy jump layer and/or the heavy jump layer.|[0006] And (3) in the step (2), the cable is a single cable or a plurality of cables and is arranged in an electric conduit, and two ends of the electric conduit are respectively connected to the energy converter and the light emitting device. The outer wall of the electric conduit is provided with a sheath. The outside of electric conduction pipe also can be provided with degree sensor, and temperature sensor sets up the multiunit, all arranges the setting on the outer wall of electric conduction pipe, forms degree of depth feedback loop.|[0007] The energy converter is internally provided with a transformer, and the power is transmitted to the electric conduit through the transformer. The transformer is arranged on the water surface or near the water surface, the transformer floats to form a buoy, a floating platform is arranged at the bottom of the energy converter, and the energy converter is fixed above the floating platform. The energy converter comprises one or more photovoltaic cells.|[0008] The depth of the light emitting device is adjustable, a roller is arranged below the energy converter, the cable is wound on the roller, and the roller rotates to put down or take up the cable.|[0009] The energy converter is a wave power generation device and/or an air turbine wave power generator, and a solar light panel is fixedly arranged on one side of the energy converter. The collector is arranged on the sea surface, the battery is arranged below the energy converter, the collector is connected with the battery, the battery is respectively connected with the energy converter and the cable, and the battery can store energy and/or transmit the energy to the light emitting device through the cable.|[0010] The light emitting device is a point light source or a light diffuser, and when the light emitting device is a point light source, the light emitting device is at least one group of LED arrays. The light emitting device is provided with a filter device which limits the wavelength range of the light emitted by the light emitting device to 400-700nm.|[0011] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:|light emitting means are provided below the heavy jump layer to provide a submarine light zone for promoting the growth of organic matter, so that the resulting organic material sinks to a greater depth and is incorporated into the seabed sediment. Wave energy is utilized to generate electricity, which is then utilized to provide light that promotes biomass production. When biomass (e.g., algae and phytoplankton) dies, it carries fixed carbon in the form of ocean snow, sinking into ocean sediment. That is, not only can primary production be promoted in order to provide environmental benefits, but the result of production can lead to long term sequestration of carbon. While yield can be increased by providing some limitation, and the present invention utilizes light areas far from marine environments where natural nutrient rich environments can support increased primary yield. Furthermore, by stimulating the growth of organic organisms in the deep sea, large amounts of organic material will sink to greater depths rather than increasing the production of light transmitting areas in the ground, as carbon may then be returned to the atmosphere by consumption or metabolism.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layered marine environment sequestration process of the present invention;|FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first carbon sequestration apparatus;|FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second carbon sequestration apparatus;|FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third carbon sequestration apparatus;|fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth carbon sequestration apparatus.|[0013] In the figure: 1 a carbon sequestration facility; 2 an energy converter; 201, a collector; 202 batteries; 203 solar light panel; 3 an electric conduit; 301 a sheath; 302 a temperature sensor; 4 emitting light means; 5 phytoplankton; 10 ocean area; 20 repeating the layers; 30 a mixed layer; a mixed layer below 40; a 50 chlorophyll region; 60 light areas; and (4) a 70-temperature jump layer.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0014] The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.|[0015] Example 1|As shown in fig. 1-2, an improved method of carbon sequestration in the ocean, a carbon sequestration facility 1 is deployed in the ocean, the carbon sequestration facility 1 comprising an energy converter 2 deployed at the sea surface and a light emitting device 4 of a hybrid layer 40 deployed below the heavy jump layer 20. The energy converter 2 communicates with the light emitting means 4 via an electrical conduit 3, and the carbon sequestration means 1 is disposed in the ocean area 10. The ocean area is divided into blend layer 30 and the underlying blend layer 40. The electric conduit 3 penetrates downwards from the sea surface, sequentially passes through the mixed layer 30, the heavy layer 20 and the chlorophyll area 50, and then enters the mixed layer 40 below. Wherein blend layer 30 has high light, low nutrient, and low primary product properties, while the lower blend layer 40 has no light zone 60, high nutrient, low or no light weight characteristics. By emitting light means 4, a light zone 60 is formed in the lower hybrid layer 40, which converts the lower hybrid layer 40 into a highly nutritious highlight zone 60, combined with the upper chlorophyll zone 50, allowing for a high carbon yield exit and deposition at the bottom of the ocean.|[0016] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:|firstly, the energy converter 2 is arranged on the sea surface, the light-emitting device 4 is arranged below the heavy jump layer 20/thermocline or the heavy jump layer 20/thermocline, and then the energy converter 2 is connected with the light-emitting device 4 through a cable. Upon energizing the light emitting means 4, a light zone 60 is formed in the stratified marine environment below the heavy jump layer 20 and/or the heavy jump layer 20.|[0017] The cable is a single cable or a plurality of cables and is arranged in the electric conduit 3, and two ends of the electric conduit 3 are respectively connected to the energy converter 2 and the light emitting device 4. The energy converter 2 is a wave power generation device, converts wave energy into electric energy, and transmits the electric energy to the light emitting device 4, and the light emitting device 4 is an LED array. After the LED array emits light, a light area 60 is generated to promote photosynthesis of the phytoplankton 5 for carbon absorption.|[0018] The energy converter 2 is internally provided with a transformer, the power is transmitted to the electric conduit 3 through the transformer, the transformer is arranged on the water surface or close to the water surface, the transformer floats to form a buoy, the bottom of the energy converter 2 is provided with a floating platform, and the energy converter 2 is fixed above the floating platform. The light-emitting means 4 is provided with filtering means which limit the wavelength range of the light emitted by the light-emitting means 4 to 400-700nm.|[0019] Example 2|With reference to fig. 1 and 3, compared to embodiment 1, the difference is that the energy converter 2 is an air turbine wave power generator, a collector 201 is arranged on the sea surface, a battery 202 is arranged below the energy converter 2, the collector 201 is connected to the battery, and the battery 202 is respectively connected to the energy converter 2 and a cable, and the battery 202 is capable of storing energy and/or transmitting energy to the light emitting device 4 via the cable, and includes one or more photovoltaic cells. A solar light panel 203 is fixedly arranged on one side of the energy converter 2. The outer wall of the electrical conduit 3 is provided with a sheath 301 for protecting the electrical conduit 3 and the internal cable.|[0020] Example 3|With reference to fig. 1 and 4, compared with embodiment 1, the difference is that the energy converter 2 is an air turbine wave power generator, a solar light panel 203 is fixedly disposed on one side, temperature sensors 302 are disposed on the outer wall of the electrical conduit 3, and are uniformly distributed on the electrical conduit 3 to form a depth feedback loop. A plurality of sets of cables or wires are arranged in the electric conduit 3, and in order to adjust the depth of the light emitting device 4, a roller is arranged below the energy converter 2, the cables are wound on the roller, and the roller rotates to put down or take up the cables. The carbon sequestration apparatus 1 is applied to the thermocline 70, senses the temperature of the ocean at each depth by the temperature sensor 302, and performs depth adjustment by rotating the drum. The light emitting means 4 employs a light diffuser.|[0021] Example 4|Section 1 and 5, compared with embodiment 3, the difference is that no temperature sensor 302 is arranged on the outer wall of the electric conduit 3, no roller is arranged below the energy converter 2, and the device is applied to the heavy layer 20 in ocean stratification.|[0022] In particular, light is emitted in a stratified marine environment at or below the heavy jump layer to provide a submarine light zone for promoting organic growth, thereby causing the resulting organic material to absorb more deep sand into the seabed sediment. There is provided a carbon sequestration apparatus based on a stratified marine environment, comprising: for emitting light means below the thermocline to provide a seabed light zone for promoting the growth of organic matter, such that the resulting organic material sinks to a deeper depth and is incorporated into seabed sediment.|[0023] An ocean based carbon sequestration apparatus comprising: energy converters for converting wave energy into electrical energy, electrical conduits for transferring the collected power to deeper sea levels via transformers, and devices designed to emit light at deeper sea levels, powered by the transferred power, release light energy, providing zones of light that promote organic growth, thereby allowing organic material to sink to deeper depths and to be incorporated into seabed sediment during use. The optical zone is located at or below the heavy/thermocline layer and the dense layer.|[0024] Thermocline and thermocline layers are typically formed about 100 to 150m below the surface of the earth. The light emitting means may be adapted to provide a region of light at or below the heavy or thermocline. The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) is the sub-surface maximum of chlorophyll concentration in the ocean or other body of water. The light emitting device may be adapted to provide a region of light in the DCM region. 0 the apparatus or method may be adapted for use in a stratified marine environment. Accordingly, the light emitting device may be adapted to provide for the growth of organic matter in a light zone (e.g., below 100m in depth) at or below the thermocline, so that the resulting organic matter may sink to a greater depth and become incorporated into the seabed sediment.|[0025] The principle of these aspects of the invention is therefore to utilize wave energy to generate electricity, which is then utilized to provide light that promotes biomass production. When biomass (e.g., algae and phytoplankton) dies, fixed carbon is carried away in the form of ocean snow, sinking into the ocean sediment.|[0026] The present invention is based on the concept that not only primary production can be promoted but also the result of production can lead to long term sequestration of carbon in order to provide environmental benefits. While yield can be increased by providing some limitation, and the present invention utilizes light areas far from marine environments where natural nutrient rich environments can support increased primary yield. Furthermore, by stimulating the growth of organic organisms in deep sea, large amounts of organic material will sink to greater depths rather than increasing the production of photic zones in the ground surface area, as carbon may then be returned to the atmosphere by consumption or metabolism. If carbon produced by organic materials is incorporated into deep sea seafloor sediments, it will be sequestered for millions or thousands of years.|[0027] It is therefore an object of the present invention to create a sink in a deep sea environment that will absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the optical zone and into phytoplankton stimulated by the artificial optical zone to absorb and sequester the carbon dioxide. It should be noted that a stratified marine environment is particularly suitable for the present invention. The density jump layer is a water layer in which the density of the seawater is suddenly increased along the vertical direction because the density of the seawater is suddenly increased along with the increase of the depth, and is called as the density jump layer. The density of seawater varies greatly between the surface and the deep layer. The seawater with low density will gather on the seawater with high density, and the upper part is light and the lower part is heavy, so that the seawater is distributed in layers. Between these upper and lower layers, a barrier is naturally formed, called a density jump. A stratified environment includes a heavy jump which is a simple barrier but distinct layer in a large body of water, such as the ocean, sea or lake, where the density changes with depth more rapidly than the upper or lower layers. The heavy jump layer may be considered as an intangible barrier separating the upper hybrid layer from the lower calming layer. The reason for creating density jumps depends to a large extent on the season, latitude and wind turbulence mixing, and heavy jumps may be permanent or semi-permanent characteristics of the body of water in which they occur, or they may be temporarily formed due to phenomena such as radiant heating/cooling of surface water during the day/night. Factors that affect the depth and thickness of the layer of discontinuities include seasonal weather changes, latitude, and local environmental conditions, such as tides and ocean currents.|[0028] Turbulent mixing created by wind and sand waves transfers heat from the surface down, which in low and medium latitudes forms a surface mixed water layer of almost uniform temperature, which may be several meters deep to hundreds of meters deep. Under this mixed layer, the temperature starts to change dramatically around 1000 meters at a depth of 200 to 300 meters in open sea. The water layer with the steepest temperature gradient is called the permanent thermocline, and the temperature difference across this layer can be as high as 20 ℃. The permanent thermocline coincides with the water density change between the warmer, low-density surface water and the cold, dense bottom water below. The region of rapidly changing density is called the zone of saltiness, which is a barrier to vertical water circulation and therefore it also affects the vertical distribution of certain chemicals that play a role in marine biology.|[0029] Concentration transitions are caused by strong vertical density gradients in the body of water. In fresh water environments such as lakes and the like, the main reason for such density changes is influenced by water temperature (thermocline), while in sea and estuary environments, rapid density changes in the water column soften due to the combined action of water temperature decrease (thermocline) and salinity increase (saltpeter).|[0030] Areas where fresh and salt water environments meet, such as in the vicinity of gulfs and estuaries, often have strong, well-defined heavy jumps. A large amount of runoff from warmer freshwater may float on cooler saltwater entering the estuary, forming a 10 salt wedge. The amount of mixing from top to bottom will determine the degree of stratification or strength of the deflection. The density difference between the fresh brine is dominant because the friction of the water streams is less mixing.|[0031] In the open sea around 50 ° or 60 ° north or south latitude, the heavy jump layer tends to disappear. This is due to the reduced salinity and temperature variation near the two poles.|[0032] Inclined layers, such as dense layers, are regional barriers to mixing between the upper mixed layer and the lower calm deep layer, so stimulating primary production below dense or hot jump layers is more likely to cause organic matter to sink and fuse into marine sediments.|[0033] Studies have shown that a latitude range of +/-30 deg. represents stable thermocline and thermocline. Temperate oceans show more seasonal stratification and may be useful for different applications of the present invention.|[0034] The light emitting means may be adapted to provide a zone of light between 50 and 200m below the water surface. The depths of the thermocline and thermocline layers often coincide, but not always. Thermocline and thermocline layers are typically formed about 100 to 150m below the surface of the earth. The means for emitting light may be adapted to provide a region of light at or below the thermocline or thermocline, for example at 100m below the thermocline or thermocline.|[0035] Wave energy generation (wave power generation) uses wave energy as power to generate electric energy. The wave energy has the advantages of high energy density, wide distribution range and the like. It is an inexhaustible renewable clean energy. Especially in winter with large energy consumption, the wave energy which can be utilized is the largest. The wave energy power generation has various modes, wherein the pneumatic transmission mode adopts an air turbine wave power generator to convert reciprocating airflow energy generated by compressed air in wave motion into electric energy, and a rotating piece is not contacted with seawater and can rotate at high speed, so that the development is fast. The equipment is also provided with a light energy storage device, and the operation of the equipment can be maintained by using the energy stored by the light energy under the condition that the wave energy cannot meet the requirement of power generation. The energy storage device may be a plurality of photovoltaic cells collectively.|[0036] Compared to other liquids, water is relatively transparent to solar radiation, but much lower than air, and about 50% of the sunlight penetrating the sea surface consists of wavelengths longer than about 780 nm. This infrared radiation is rapidly absorbed and converted into heat at the upper few meters. Ultraviolet radiation (< 380 nm) constitutes only a small fraction of the total radiation, which is also usually rapidly scattered and absorbed, except in very clear ocean waters. The remaining 50% of the radiation, which comprises the visible spectrum, has a wavelength of between about 400 and 700nm and can penetrate into the ocean. These are particularly important for animals with vision, since they are also approximately the same as the wavelengths used by plants in photosynthesis. These wavelengths are commonly referred to as Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR).|[0037] The light-emitting means may thus comprise a matrix of one or more LEDs. LEDs can be used to emit light of a particular wavelength. The frequency of the emitted light may be variable and the light emitting means may be adapted to emit light having a frequency in the range of 400 to 700nm. The means for emitting light may comprise a point light source or may comprise a diffuser. This may depend on the type of organic growth to be promoted. The apparatus may further comprise filtering means. The present invention includes both unfiltered and filtered light. However, filtered light may provide certain advantages. The filter means may remove red light to stop local heating of the water, or may remove ultraviolet light.|[0038] The approximate maximum absorbance of green chlorophyll is 430nm and 662nm, so light in these value regions may be filtered for emission to promote photosynthesis. For some applications, blue light may be preferred and the filter means may provide light wavelengths selected from the range of 400 to 550 nm.|[0039] The emission depth may vary depending on changes in temperature, light intensity, or pressure. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor array provides a feedback loop on the device for adjusting the depth of discharge to optimize production and sequestration.|[0040] The transformer may be located above and near the water surface. This may require some measures to be taken to prevent the accumulation of some marine life, such as mulch or tree crowns. The transformer may comprise or form part of a buoy. The floating device is simple to install and can be tethered.|[0041] Biofouling is the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, and animals on underwater structures. The device may comprise an anti-biocontamination device. This may be of particular relevance to the emitting device to prevent a reduction or loss of intensity in the optical zone. Various known coatings (e.g., copper and copper-based compounds) may be used, or periodic cleaning procedures may be established.|[0042] Although any situation may occur, a device without moving parts is considered particularly advantageous because it reduces the likelihood of failure and damage, and because the required maintenance is removed or reduced.|[0043] An array or cluster of devices can be efficiently deployed to create an enlarged optical zone. This reduces the chance that ocean currents will displace phytoplankton from the light zone. The principle of emitting light below the recombination layer can be applied to other aspects of the present invention. For example, in addition to electrical energy transfer, light may be directed from a light pipe that emits directly in front of the light collector. | Family Number|(104010145)|104010145|Abstract|(CN115738683 A)|The invention discloses a method for improving carbon sequestration in ocean , which comprises the following steps of : arranging an energy converter on the sea surface , and arranging a light emitting device below a heavy spring layer / thermocline layer or the heavy spring layer / thermocline layer ; the energy converter is connected with the light emitting device through a cable ; after the light emitting device is powered on , a light area is formed in the heavy spring layer and / or the layered marine environment below the heavy spring layer . A light emitting device is disposed below the heavy spring layer to provide a subsea light zone for promoting growth of organic matter such that the resulting organic material sinks to a deeper depth and incorporates into the seabed deposit . Wave energy is utilized to generate electricity , and then electricity is utilized to provide light that promotes biomass production . When biomass dies , fixed carbon can be taken away in the form of ocean snow , and the biomass sinks into ocean sediments . In order to provide environmental benefits , not only primary production can be promoted , but also the results of the production can result in long - term sequestration of carbon . |Title|(CN115738683 A)|Improved method for carbon sequestration in ocean | | Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy|Engines, pumps, turbines|Environmental technology|Other special machines | Y02E-010/30 | Y02E-010/30 | A01G-007/04|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|F03B-013/14|F03B-013/24|F21V-009/00|F21V-033/00|F21Y-115/10 | A01G-007/04|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|F03B-013/14|F03B-013/24|F21V-009/00|F21V-033/00|F21Y-115/10 | GB201021258|CN114674981|CN105494183 | GB201021258 18240178 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|CN114674981 100641665 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN105494183 72690085 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | GB201021258; CN105494183; CN114674981 | REVOKED | (CN115738683)|REVOKED | DEAD | (CN115738683)|DEAD | (CN115738683)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN115738683|Actual or expected expiration date=2026-03-10|Legal state=DEAD|Status=REVOKED|Event publication date=2022-10-20|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202211289152|Application date=2022-10-20|Standardized application number=2022CN-1289152|Event publication date=2023-03-07|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115738683|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-03-07|Standardized publication number=CN115738683|Event publication date=2023-03-07|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-03-24|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2026-03-10|Event code=CN/RJ01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Rejection of an application after its publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoTSzIXmvwqRhlfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000066785118&ekey=1900&xpn=CN115738683&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=ZmkBNA%252FRdR5Xpw2DlXyqNJNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN115738683)|CN | (CN115738683)|NAME=ZHEJIANG OCEAN UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN115738683)|NAME=WU BINGZHONG;HANGZHOU ZHEKE PATENT AGENCY , REG=33213 | (CN115738683)|NAME=LIU JINGYI|NAME=ZHAO SHENG|NAME=GUI FENG|NAME=ZHOU QIAN|NAME=XU XIEQIN | Titre: (CN115738683)|Improved method for carbon sequestration in ocean Résumé: (CN115738683)|The invention discloses a method for improving carbon sequestration in ocean, which comprises the following steps of: arranging an energy converter on the sea surface, and arranging a light emitting device below a heavy spring layer/thermocline layer or the heavy spring layer/thermocline layer; the energy converter is connected with the light emitting device through a cable; after the light emitting device is powered on, a light area is formed in the heavy spring layer and/or the layered marine environment below the heavy spring layer. A light emitting device is disposed below the heavy spring layer to provide a subsea light zone for promoting growth of organic matter such that the resulting organic material sinks to a deeper depth and incorporates into the seabed deposit. Wave energy is utilized to generate electricity, and then electricity is utilized to provide light that promotes biomass production. When biomass dies, fixed carbon can be taken away in the form of ocean snow, and the biomass sinks into ocean sediments. In order to provide environmental benefits, not only primary production can be promoted, but also the results of the production can result in long-term sequestration of carbon. | 7.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The method described focuses on promoting organic matter growth in the ocean to enhance carbon sequestration, aligning with the principles of ocean iron fertilization and the biological carbon pump. | 3.0 | 0.0 | (CN115738683)|1 | (CN115738683)|9 | (CN115738683)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN115738683)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN115738683)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-03-07|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-1001|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11| | (CN115738683)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN115738683)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | CN202210792548 | CN202210792548 | CN116001992 | 104657513 | CN116001992 A 2023-04-25 [CN116001992] | 2022-07-07 | 2022-07-07 | 2023-04-25 | (CN116001992)|2042-07-07 | (CN116001992)|Offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon sequestration platform | (CN116001992)|An offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon sequestration platform is composed of a plurality of triangular foundation frames, and the foundation frames are integrally triangular and are formed by three vertical axis generator columns and floating body supporting rods. Wherein a deck is laid on one foundation frame, a crane, an equipment room and a cleaning co-production module are arranged on the deck, a net cage frame is erected above the other foundation frames, and the aquaculture net cage is located in the net cage frame and moves up and down through an electric winch. After carbon sequestration of the clean co-production module, formed ammonium chloride is supplied to plankton around the platform, and the purpose of carbon sequestration is achieved. According to the method, self-sufficiency is achieved through self-green energy circulation, and the mariculture yield is increased while carbon sequestration is carried out based on green energy. The mixed seawater abandoned by the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system is used for seawater desalination and subsequent clean energy production, marine aquaculture, clean energy and by-products can be used for carbon sequestration, the operation cost is reduced, and the economic applicability of the system is improved. | DALIAN SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY OFFSHORE | (CN116001992)|DALIAN SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY CO. LTD. ([CN]) | WU NAN|SUN QIANG|PENG DONGSHENG|GUO QIANG|PIAN CHENGRONG|MA JUN|DU XIN|ZHANG LINTAO|PAN SHUAI | (CN116001992)|WU NAN|SUN QIANG|PENG DONGSHENG|GUO QIANG|PIAN CHENGRONG|MA JUN|DU XIN|ZHANG LINTAO|PAN SHUAI | (CN116001992)|ZHANG JUNJIE;DALIAN GEZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENT LTD.|Reg. Nb: 21238 | (CN116001992)|Because the system is used for the offshore floating structure and the whole space is limited, a closed circulation system with a more compact whole device is adopted.| | (CN116001992)|1. An offshore floating clean energy production and biological carbon fixation platform, which is characterized in that: the platform consists of a plurality of triangular foundation frames, wherein the foundation frames are provided with three vertical shaft generator columns, the three vertical shaft generator columns are fixedly connected through upper floating body supporting rods and lower floating body supporting rods, the upper floating body supporting rods are positioned above the sea surface, the lower floating body supporting rods are positioned below the sea surface, the floating body supporting rods are connected with the vertical shaft generator columns through connecting pairs, a plurality of underwater floating bodies are fixed between the lower floating body supporting rods, and the underwater floating bodies are provided with a plurality of ballast tanks and empty tanks;the connecting pair is provided with a circular lantern ring, the lantern ring is sleeved on the vertical shaft generator column, a plurality of connecting rings are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the lantern ring, the connecting rings are open connecting rings, the connecting rings are connected with the lantern ring through transverse connecting shafts, and the connecting rings are connected with the floating body supporting rods through longitudinal connecting shafts;a deck is paved on the upper floating body supporting rod of the foundation frame, a crane, an inter-equipment and a clean co-production module are arranged on the deck, a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels are fixed on the deck and close to the vertical shaft generator column, and the vertical shaft generator and the photovoltaic cell panels are connected with a storage battery;the clean CO-production module is provided with an OTEC system, the OTEC system discharges part of mixed seawater into the sea through a mixed seawater pipeline, the other part of the mixed seawater is conveyed to a seawater desalination system, the seawater desalination system generates fresh water and concentrated seawater, the concentrated seawater is conveyed to a carbon sequestration system, the fresh water is electrolyzed to generate oxygen and hydrogen, the hydrogen is conveyed to an ammonia production system, the nitrogen production system supplies generated nitrogen to the ammonia production system, the ammonia production system conveys generated liquid ammonia to the OTEC system, generated ammonia is conveyed to the carbon sequestration system, the carbon sequestration system is provided with a CCS device, and the CCS device captures CO 2 Mixing with the ammonia gas and the concentrated seawater, and supplying formed ammonium chloride to surrounding plankton;the rest the net cage frame is erect to the foundation frame top, and the aquaculture net cage is located in the net cage frame, net cage frame top is fixed with electric winch, electric winch passes through the control system control in the control room, and the hawser is walked around electric winch with the aquaculture net cage is connected, be provided with vertical guide rail on the net cage frame, the aquaculture net cage have with guide rail matched with pulley, be provided with the pavement between the aquaculture net cage.| | (CN116001992)|In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a green offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing system, which adopts the following technical scheme:|The invention relates to the field of ships and ocean engineering, in particular to an offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixation system based on green energy.| | (CN116001992)|CARBON FIXATION(100,30)|CLEAN ENERGY PRODUCTION(100,14)|FLOATING CLEAN ENERGY PRODUCTION(100,11)|AQUACULTURE NET CAGE(100,8)|CARBON FIXING PLATFORM(100,6)|CARBON FIXATION PLATFORM(100,2)|MARINE FLOATING(100,1)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION(61,14)|BIOSOLID CARBON PLATFORM(60,6)|SEAWATER CONCENTRATION(47,11)|MOORING ROPE(47,3)|GREEN OFFSHORE FLOATING(43,1)|SHAFT GENERATOR COLUMN(42,13)|NET CAGE FRAME(40,10)|ELECTRICAL WINCH(39,9)|OFFSHORE FLOATING(36,6)|MIXED SEAWATER PIPELINE(36,2)|FOUNDATION FRAME(35,13)|MIXED SEAWATER(34,5)|TRIANGULAR FOUNDATION FRAME(34,2)|DESALTING SEAWATER(32,1)|UNDERWATER FLOATING BODY(31,6)|CULTIVATION NET CAGE(29,5)|DECK(27,13)|INTEREQUIPMENT(27,1)|CCS(25,9)|PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL PANEL(25,8)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(23,5)|OTEC(22,12)|BALLAST PUMP(22,4)|EMPTY TANK(22,2)|ECONOMIC APPLICABILITY(21,3)|BALLAST TANK(19,7)|BRANCH PIPELINE(19,2)|MARICULTURE YIELD(19,2)|PLATFORM(18,12)|CLEAN COPRODUCTION MODULE(18,7)|MARINE CULTURE(18,3)|SHAFT GENERATOR(18,3)|HAWSER(18,2)|PAVEMENT(18,2)|OFFSHORE FLOATING STRUCTURE(18,1)|FLOATING BODY(17,18)|LANTERN RING(17,10)|COPRODUCTION MODULE(17,8)|PLANKTON(17,7)|CRANE(17,4)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(16,1)|OTEC SYSTEM DISCHARGE(16,1)|OTEC EVAPORIMETER(14,6)|CIRCULAR LANTERN RING(13,3)|AMMONIA(12,10)|GUIDE RAIL(12,6)|OTEC TURBINE(12,6)|FOUNDATION FRAME TOP(12,2)|FLOATER(12,1)|INTEGRALLY TRIANGULAR BASE FRAME(12,1)|AMMONIUM CHLORIDE(11,6)|OTEC CONDENSER(11,6)|PULLEY(11,3)|NET CAGE FRAME TOP(11,2)|SELF GREEN ENERGY CIRCULATION(11,2)|SEA(10,17)|UPPER FLOATING BODY(10,9)|BYPRODUCT(10,3)|EQUAL INTERVAL(10,3)|CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE(10,2)|SHIP FIELD(9,1)|ANCHOR(8,3)|AMMONIA PRODUCTION SYSTEM(7,11)|CARBON FIXING(7,9)|FRESH WATER(7,9)|GREEN ENERGY(7,5)|COLD SEAWATER(7,4)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(7,4)|MOORING CABLE(7,3)|GREEN ENERGY CARBON FIXATION(7,2)|SEA SURFACE(7,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE TANK(6,5)|EQUIPMENT ROOM(6,5)|FLOATING MARINE(6,3)|BIVALVE ORGANISM ACCOUNT(6,1)|MIXED SEAWATER PIPELINEIN(6,1)|NONPREY PLANKTON(6,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(6,1)|RICH INORGANIC NUTRIENT SUBSTANCE(6,1)|SUBSEA BRINE LAYER SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|LIQUID AMMONIA(5,17)|AMMONIA GAS(5,9)|STORAGE BATTERY(5,8)|SOLID CARBON PLATFORM(5,6)|OCEAN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE ENERGY(5,3)|SEA FOOD(5,2)|BREEDING ORGANISM(5,1)|CULTURED GASTROPOD(5,1)|FOUNDATION FRAMEWORK ROD(5,1)|GASTROPOD SHELL(5,1)|PEDESTRIAN PASSAGEWAY(5,1)|PIPELINE BACKFLOW(5,1)|UNDERWATER FLOATING BODY NUMBER(5,1)|VERTICAL AXIS GENERATOR COLUMN(4,5)|BALLAST WATER LEVEL(4,2)|CLOSED CIRCULATION SYSTEM(4,2)|FLOOR BODY BRACING PIECE(4,2)|REST SHELL(4,2)|CULTURED MARINE ORGANISM(4,1)|HEXAGONAL PLATFORM(4,1)|SEAWATER DESALTED PRODUCT(4,1)|SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE RERELEASE(4,1)|WARM SEAWATER(4,1)|PRODUCTION SYSTEM(3,12)|AMMONIA STORAGE TANK(3,5)|LIQUID AMMONIA PUMP(3,5)|WARM WATER PUMP(3,5)|NITROGEN GENERATION(3,3)|OPERATION COST(3,3)|ABALONE(3,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION SEALING(3,2)|CONDENSATION(3,2)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(3,2)|EXCHANGED LIQUID AMMONIA(3,2)|GENERATED AMMONIA(3,2)|INTERNAL CONSUMPTION(3,2)|NEXT CIRCULATION(3,2)|ORNAMENT(3,2)|OYSTER(3,2)|SCALLOP(3,2)|SEAWATER TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(3,2)|SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE MODE(3,2)|ABANDONED MIXED SEAWATER(3,1)|CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(3,1)|CIRCULATION NET(3,1)|COAST GRID(3,1)|COMPACT WIND(3,1)|EMPTY CAPSULE(3,1)|FAN EXPANSION MODE(3,1)|FEMALE RETURN(3,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(3,1)|FORMED AMMONIUM CHLORIDE(3,1)|INTERDEVICE(3,1)|MANUFACTURING ARTWARE(3,1)|NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY(3,1)|OFFSHORE SOLAR ENERGY(3,1)|OTEC EVAPORATOR HEAT EXCHANGE(3,1)|OTEC WORKING FLUID(3,1)|PLANKTON CAPACITY(3,1)|SEA FLOOR BRINE LAYER(3,1)|SEABED BRINE LAYER SEALING(3,1)|SEAWATER DENSITY(3,1)|SEAWATER DEPTH(3,1)|SEAWATER OXYGEN CONTENT(3,1)|SHORE GRID(3,1)|SODIUM BICARBONATE CRYSTAL SEDIMENT(3,1)|SUBMARINE BRINE LAYER SEALING(3,1)|TYPE CLEAN ENERGY PRODUCTION(3,1)|WATER PIPE INTERCOMMUNICATION SEA(3,1)|ELECTRIC ENERGY(2,11)|COLD WATER PUMP(2,6)|CONTROL ROOM(2,4)|NITROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM(2,4)|CONCH(2,2)|BIVALVE SHELL(2,1)| | (CN116001992)|1. An offshore floating clean energy production and biological carbon fixation platform, which is characterized in that: the platform consists of a plurality of triangular foundation frames, wherein the foundation frames are provided with three vertical shaft generator columns, the three vertical shaft generator columns are fixedly connected through upper floating body supporting rods and lower floating body supporting rods, the upper floating body supporting rods are positioned above the sea surface, the lower floating body supporting rods are positioned below the sea surface, the floating body supporting rods are connected with the vertical shaft generator columns through connecting pairs, a plurality of underwater floating bodies are fixed between the lower floating body supporting rods, and the underwater floating bodies are provided with a plurality of ballast tanks and empty tanks;|the connecting pair is provided with a circular lantern ring, the lantern ring is sleeved on the vertical shaft generator column, a plurality of connecting rings are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the lantern ring, the connecting rings are open connecting rings, the connecting rings are connected with the lantern ring through transverse connecting shafts, and the connecting rings are connected with the floating body supporting rods through longitudinal connecting shafts;|a deck is paved on the upper floating body supporting rod of the foundation frame, a crane, an inter-equipment and a clean co-production module are arranged on the deck, a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels are fixed on the deck and close to the vertical shaft generator column, and the vertical shaft generator and the photovoltaic cell panels are connected with a storage battery;|the clean CO-production module is provided with an OTEC system, the OTEC system discharges part of mixed seawater into the sea through a mixed seawater pipeline, the other part of the mixed seawater is conveyed to a seawater desalination system, the seawater desalination system generates fresh water and concentrated seawater, the concentrated seawater is conveyed to a carbon sequestration system, the fresh water is electrolyzed to generate oxygen and hydrogen, the hydrogen is conveyed to an ammonia production system, the nitrogen production system supplies generated nitrogen to the ammonia production system, the ammonia production system conveys generated liquid ammonia to the OTEC system, generated ammonia is conveyed to the carbon sequestration system, the carbon sequestration system is provided with a CCS device, and the CCS device captures CO 2 Mixing with the ammonia gas and the concentrated seawater, and supplying formed ammonium chloride to surrounding plankton;|the rest the net cage frame is erect to the foundation frame top, and the aquaculture net cage is located in the net cage frame, net cage frame top is fixed with electric winch, electric winch passes through the control system control in the control room, and the hawser is walked around electric winch with the aquaculture net cage is connected, be provided with vertical guide rail on the net cage frame, the aquaculture net cage have with guide rail matched with pulley, be provided with the pavement between the aquaculture net cage.|2. The offshore floating clean energy production and biosolid carbon platform of claim 1 wherein: a carbon dioxide storage tank is arranged on the deck, and the CCS device stores the captured carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank.|3. The offshore floating clean energy production and biosolid carbon platform of claim 1 wherein: the sea water desalting system is connected with an ammonia making system through a branch pipeline.|4. The offshore floating clean energy production and biosolid carbon platform of claim 1 wherein: the number of the base frames is six, and six base frames form a platform which is integrally hexagonal.|5. The offshore floating clean energy production and biosolid carbon platform of claim 1 wherein: a ballast pump and a ballast system are arranged in the equipment room, the ballast pump is connected with the ballast tank, and the ballast water level in the ballast tank is regulated by controlling the ballast pump through the ballast system.|6. The offshore floating clean energy production and biosolid carbon platform of claim 1 wherein: the number of the underwater floating bodies is four, and the underwater floating bodies are symmetrically fixed on the lower-layer floating body supporting rods.|7. The offshore floating clean energy production and biosolid carbon platform of claim 1 wherein: the vertical axis generator column is fixedly provided with a mooring system, the mooring system is provided with a mooring rope, the free end of the mooring rope is connected with an anchor, and a floater is also fixed on the mooring rope. | (CN116001992)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the field of ships and ocean engineering, in particular to an offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixation system based on green energy.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] At present, ocean carbon sequestration mainly comprises supercritical carbon dioxide subsea brine layer sequestration and deep sea direct injection carbon dioxide sequestration. Due to the limited space in the sea floor brine layer and the re-release of supercritical carbon dioxide into the sea due to high pressure leakage, ocean acidification results. The deep sea direct injection of carbon dioxide is to directly inject carbon dioxide into sea water in a depth of more than 1000 meters or directly inject high-density carbon dioxide into a submarine space of more than 3000 meters to delay the diffusion of the carbon dioxide in the sea water, but the carbon sequestration method also faces the problem that ocean acidification has negative influence on an ocean ecosystem, and meanwhile, the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water can be finally released into the atmosphere again and cannot be permanently sequestered.|[0004] Hydrogen and ammonia are increasingly gaining importance in the market as clean energy sources without carbon emission, and each country deliberately uses two fuels as main new energy sources for replacing fossil fuels in future. However, one of the main reasons for restricting the development of hydrogen and ammonia at present is that the production cost is high, the global ocean temperature difference energy, the offshore wind energy and the offshore solar energy are rich, clean energy and electric energy are produced by utilizing the offshore renewable energy, and meanwhile, the produced clean energy is utilized to carry out chemical carbon fixation and biological carbon fixation on carbon dioxide, so that the resources can be fully utilized, and the stable sealing and storage of the carbon dioxide are realized.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a green offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing system, which adopts the following technical scheme:|[0006] the utility model provides a marine floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform, the platform comprises a plurality of triangle-shaped foundation frame, the foundation frame has three vertical axis generator post, three through upper floating body bracing piece and lower floor's body bracing piece fixed connection between the vertical axis generator post, upper floating body bracing piece is located the sea top, lower floor's body bracing piece is located the sea below, the body bracing piece pass through the connection pair with vertical axis generator post is connected, be fixed with a plurality of floating bodies under water between the lower floor's body bracing piece, the floating body has a plurality of ballast tanks and empty capsule under water. The platform takes a basic frame as a unit, a plurality of basic frames are combined to form an integral platform structure, a vertical shaft generator is fixed at the top of a vertical shaft generator column, the vertical shaft generator generates electricity, the electricity is stored in a storage battery, and the storage battery supplies power to each unit and each component in the platform.|[0007] The connecting pair is provided with a circular lantern ring, the lantern ring is sleeved on the vertical shaft generator column, a plurality of connecting rings are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the lantern ring, the connecting rings are open connecting rings, the connecting rings are connected with the lantern ring through transverse connecting shafts, and the connecting rings are connected with the floating body supporting rods through longitudinal connecting shafts. The structure of the split connecting ring is adopted, so that the floating body supporting rod can freely rotate in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction relative to the lantern ring, the foundation frames can relatively move, the floating body supporting rod in the foundation frames can relatively move relative to the vertical shaft generator column, the whole platform is in an integral state, and when external force is introduced, the whole platform can also be in an independent unit individual state.|[0008] A deck is paved on the upper floating body supporting rod of the foundation framework, a crane, an inter-device and a clean co-production module are arranged on the deck, a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels are fixed on the deck and close to the vertical axis generator column, and the vertical axis generator and the photovoltaic cell panels are connected with a storage battery. The vertical axis generator and the photovoltaic cell panel convey generated electricity to the storage battery, the storage battery supplies power to the whole platform, a stable power source is provided for the operation of the platform system, and the problem that the supply and the demand of the power generation system and the power consumption device are uneven is solved.|[0009] The clean co-production module is provided with an OTEC system, the OTEC system discharges a part of mixed seawater into the sea through a mixed seawater pipeline, and the mixed seawater discharged into the sea is rich in inorganic nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate, silicate and the like, so that the content of the nutrients in the cultivation area can be improved; the other part of the ammonia is conveyed to a sea water desalination system, fresh water and concentrated sea water are generated by the sea water desalination system, the concentrated sea water is conveyed to a carbon fixing system, oxygen and hydrogen are generated by electrolysis of fresh water, the hydrogen is conveyed to an ammonia production system, the generated nitrogen is supplied to the ammonia production system by the nitrogen production system, the generated liquid ammonia is conveyed to an OTEC system by the ammonia production system, the generated ammonia is conveyed to the carbon fixing system, the carbon fixing system is provided with a CCS device, and the CCS device captures CO 2 Mixing with the ammonia gas and the concentrated seawater, and supplying formed ammonium chloride to surrounding plankton. The plankton around can be eaten by the breeding organisms, and the plankton also plays a role in fixing carbon.|[0010] The rest the net cage frame is erect to the foundation frame top, and the aquaculture net cage is located in the net cage frame, net cage frame top is fixed with electric winch, electric winch passes through the control system control in the control room, and the hawser is walked around electric winch with the aquaculture net cage is connected, be provided with vertical guide rail on the net cage frame, the aquaculture net cage have with guide rail matched with pulley, be provided with the pavement between the aquaculture net cage. The rest of the basic frames are culture areas, and passages for people to pass are arranged between the triangular culture areas.|[0011] Above-mentioned marine floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform, furthermore, OTEC system has OTEC evaporimeter, OTEC evaporimeter is connected with warm water pump, liquid ammonia pump respectively, OTEC evaporimeter is connected with OTEC turbine, OTEC condenser, liquid ammonia pump in proper order through the pipeline back flow to OTEC evaporimeter forms first circulation net, OTEC condenser is connected with the cold water pump, and the cold water pump passes through the pipeline in proper order and is connected with ammonia system, sea water desalination system, the cold water pipe that the cold water pump is connected stretches into the seabed, the warm water pipe intercommunication sea that the warm water pump is connected. The working medium ammonia is pumped into an OTEC evaporator through a liquid ammonia pump, exchanges heat with the sea water at the temperature of 25-27 ℃ extracted from the ocean surface layer through a warm water pump, the exchanged liquid ammonia becomes gas, enters an OTEC turbine, pushes the turbine to convert internal energy into mechanical energy and then generates electric energy, and the electric energy is conveyed to a coast grid through a submarine cable for supplying power. Ammonia gas after acting through the OTEC turbine enters an OTEC condenser, exchanges heat with cold seawater extracted from the ocean by a cold water pump from the depth of 1000 meters in the condenser, the temperature of the seawater is constant at about 5 ℃, and the ammonia gas after heat exchange is changed into liquid ammonia to enter the next circulation.|[0012] The above-mentioned floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform on sea, furthermore, OTEC evaporimeter passes through the pipeline and is connected with sea water desalination.|[0013] Above-mentioned marine floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform, further, the system of making ammonia is connected with ammonia storage tank, solid carbon system respectively through the pipeline, and ammonia storage tank passes through the pipeline and is connected with liquid ammonia pump, OTEC evaporimeter in proper order.|[0014] According to the offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform, further, the carbon dioxide storage tank is arranged on the deck, and the CCS device stores captured carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank.|[0015] The offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform is characterized in that the sea water desalination system is provided with a branch pipeline in an extending mode and is connected with the ammonia production system.|[0016] The above-mentioned floating clean energy production of sea and biological solid carbon platform, still further, the quantity of foundation frame is six, six the foundation frame constitutes the platform that wholly is the hexagon.|[0017] The offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform is characterized in that a ballast pump and a ballast system are arranged in the equipment room, the ballast pump is connected with the ballast tank, and the ballast system controls the ballast pump to adjust the ballast water level in the ballast tank.|[0018] The above-mentioned marine floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform, furthermore, the body is four under water, symmetrically fix on the body bracing piece of lower floor.|[0019] According to the offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform, furthermore, the mooring system is fixed on the vertical axis generator column and is provided with the mooring cable, the free end of the mooring cable is connected with the anchor, and the buoy is fixed on the mooring cable. The floats can improve mooring line type and stress. The anchor is fixed to the seabed so that the platform floats in a designated sea area.|[0020] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0021] 1. the floating system converts green energy into electric energy to provide power for the system, is clean and environment-friendly, and is suitable for self-storage of a remote shore floating system. For the seawater temperature difference energy system as the electric energy output unit, about 50% of internal consumption of the power is provided by the wind-solar complementary power generation system, so that the grid-connected power supply efficiency can be greatly improved.|[0022] 2. The clean energy produced by the floating system can be used as product output and also can participate in system carbon fixation.|[0023] 3. The floating system utilizes the abandoned mixed seawater of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system to carry out seawater desalination and subsequent clean energy production and marine culture, clean energy and byproducts can also carry out carbon fixation, reduce the operation cost and improve the economic applicability of the system.|[0024] 4. The floating system adopts two modes of chemical carbon fixation and biological carbon fixation. The prior ocean carbon fixation mode of supercritical carbon dioxide submarine brine layer sealing and deep sea direct carbon dioxide injection sealing is changed. The carbon fixation mode adopted by the system is more stable and reliable, the influence on ocean acidification is avoided, and considerable economic benefit is brought.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view of the present invention;|[0026] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;|[0027] FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;|[0028] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the connection pair;|[0029] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system of the present invention;|[0030] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a platform with two wind generators extended;|[0031] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a platform after expansion of four wind generators;|[0032] wherein: 1-OTEC evaporator, 2-OTEC turbine, 3-OTEC condenser, 4-liquid ammonia pump, 5-chilled water pump, 6-warm water pump, 7-ammonia storage tank, 8-nitrogen production system, 9-ammonia production system, 10-storage battery, 11-desalination system, 12-vertical axis generator column, 13-photovoltaic panel, 14-connection pair, 15-net cage frame, 16-aquaculture net cage, 17-equipment room, 18-crane, 19-living building, 21-OTEC system, 22-manway, 23-deck, 24-mooring cable, 25-float, 26-anchor, 27-underwater float, 28-float support bar, 29-carbon dioxide storage tank, 30-control room, 33-warm water pipeline, 34-chilled water pipeline, 1401-collar, 1402-connecting ring, 1403-lateral connecting shaft, 1404-longitudinal connecting shaft.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0033] The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0034] The floating clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform is suitable for deep sea areas with water depth greater than 800 meters in low-latitude areas, the platform is a hexagonal platform integrally formed by six triangular foundation frames, each foundation frame is composed of three vertical shaft generator columns, the three vertical shaft generator columns are fixedly connected through an upper floating body supporting rod and a lower floating body supporting rod, the upper floating body supporting rod is located above the sea, the lower floating body supporting rod is located below the sea, the floating body supporting rods are connected with the vertical shaft generator columns through connecting pairs, a plurality of underwater floating bodies are fixed between the lower floating body supporting rods, and each underwater floating body is provided with a plurality of ballast tanks and a plurality of empty tanks.|[0035] The connecting pair is provided with a circular lantern ring, as shown in fig. 4, the lantern ring is sleeved on the vertical shaft generator column, six connecting rings are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the lantern ring, the connecting rings are open connecting rings, the connecting rings are connected with the lantern ring through transverse connecting shafts, and the connecting rings are connected with the floating body supporting rods through longitudinal connecting shafts. A plurality of photovoltaic cell panels are fixed on the deck and close to the vertical axis generator column, and the vertical axis generator and the photovoltaic cell panels are connected with a storage battery. The vertical axis generator and the photovoltaic cell panel store the generated electricity in the storage battery, convert wind energy and solar energy into electric energy, store the electric energy generated by two unstable energy sources in the storage battery, provide stable power sources for the operation of the platform system, and solve the problem of uneven supply and demand of the power generation system and the power consumption device.|[0036] As shown in fig. 3, a deck is laid on the upper floating body supporting rod of one foundation frame, a crane, an equipment room and a clean co-production module are arranged on the deck, a net cage frame is arranged above the other five foundation frames, a cultivation net cage is positioned in the net cage frame, an electric winch is fixed at the top end of the net cage frame and controlled by a control system in a control room, a cable bypasses the electric winch and is connected with the cultivation net cage, a vertical guide rail (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the net cage frame, the cultivation net cage is provided with pulleys matched with the guide rail, and a pedestrian passageway is arranged between the cultivation net cages.|[0037] As shown in fig. 5, the clean co-production module is provided with an OTEC system that discharges a portion of the mixed seawater through a mixed seawater pipelineIn the sea, the other part is conveyed to a sea water desalination system, the sea water desalination system generates fresh water and concentrated sea water, the concentrated sea water is conveyed to a carbon fixing system, the fresh water is electrolyzed to generate oxygen and hydrogen, the hydrogen is conveyed to an ammonia production system, the nitrogen production system supplies generated nitrogen to the ammonia production system, the ammonia production system conveys generated liquid ammonia to an OTEC system, the generated ammonia is conveyed to the carbon fixing system, the carbon fixing system is provided with a CCS device, and the CCS device captures CO 2 Mixing with ammonia gas and concentrated seawater to form ammonium chloride which is supplied to plankton around.|[0038] OTEC systems are techniques for converting electrical energy using thermal gradients available in the ocean, and are classified into closed cycle, open cycle, and mixed cycle systems by process. Because the system is used for the offshore floating structure and the whole space is limited, a closed circulation system with a more compact whole device is adopted. The working fluid of the OTEC system is ammonia with better physical performance, price and system maturity. The OTEC closed circulation system based on the ammonia working medium consists of an OTEC evaporator, an OTEC turbine, an OTEC condenser, an ammonia storage tank, a liquid ammonia pump, a warm water pump and a cold water pump. Working medium ammonia is pumped into an OTEC evaporator through a liquid ammonia pump to exchange heat with warm seawater pumped from a marine surface layer through a warm water pump, the temperature of the seawater is 25-27 ℃, the exchanged liquid ammonia is changed into a gaseous state, the gaseous liquid ammonia enters an OTEC turbine, the turbine is driven to convert internal energy into mechanical energy to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is conveyed to a shore grid through a submarine cable to supply power. Ammonia gas after acting through the OTEC turbine enters an OTEC condenser, exchanges heat with cold seawater extracted from the ocean by a cold water pump from the depth of 1000 meters in the condenser, the temperature of the seawater is constant at about 5 ℃, and the ammonia gas after heat exchange is changed into liquid ammonia to enter the next circulation. Liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage tank is used as a system supplementing working medium to enter the circulating system. Mixing the warm seawater and cold seawater after heat exchange of the OTEC evaporator and the OTEC condenser, wherein the seawater temperature is about 18 ℃, and the medium-temperature seawater enters a seawater desalination system and a subsequent carbon fixing system. The sea water desalting process may be heat process or film process, and the sea water desalted product is fresh water and concentrated sea water containing high concentration sodium chloride. A portion of the produced fresh water may be exported as a product to provide a source of fresh water for the floating device. The other part is used for producing hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis, and the formula is as follows:|[0039] 2H 2 O→2H 2 (g)+O 2 (g) (Power-on)|[0040] Part of the hydrogen and oxygen are output as products, and the other part participates in the nitrogen production and carbon fixation system. Also, considering the limited overall space of the floating device, the nitrogen production system preferably adopts a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) process to separate nitrogen from air. And (3) taking one part of generated nitrogen as a product output, mixing the other part of generated nitrogen with hydrogen generated by a system, and synthesizing ammonia by adopting a Haber method, wherein the basic formula is as follows:|[0041] |[0042] the cold seawater pumped by the OTEC system can be used as a cooling water source of an ammonia production system, one part of liquid ammonia separated by the Haber ammonia production method enters an ammonia storage tank to be used as a supplementary working medium liquid of the OTEC system and is output as a product, and the other part of liquid ammonia is gasified to form ammonia gas to enter a carbon fixing system. The gasified ammonia gas and the carbon dioxide gas captured by the CCS and transported to the floating system are sequentially introduced into the concentrated seawater generated by the seawater desalination system, and the three are mixed to generate chemical reaction to generate sodium bicarbonate crystal sediment and ammonium chloride, and the formula is as follows:|[0043] NaCl+NH 3 +H 2 O+CO 2 →NaHCO 3 ↓+NH 4 Cl|[0044] the sodium bicarbonate crystals can be injected into seawater with the concentration of less than 1000 m for sealing or sealed by a container after being separated from the solution, the factors influencing the sealing of sodium bicarbonate in seawater are the pH value and the seawater density (seawater temperature), the pH value of deep seawater is between 7.5 and 7.8, sodium bicarbonate mainly exists in the seawater in the region, and sodium bicarbonate exists in the seawater in the region, so that the sodium bicarbonate is relatively stable (according to Bjerrum carbonate series diagrams). And in the deep water layer below 1000 m, the water temperature is low (2-5 ℃) and the density is almost constant. Under the condition that the temperature and the PH value of the surrounding seawater are stable, sodium bicarbonate crystals are injected into a deep water layer below 1000 meters, and the dissolved high-concentration sodium bicarbonate solution is sunk into the sea bottom under the influence of gravity by utilizing the density difference between the sodium bicarbonate crystals and the seawater, so as to achieve the effect of carbon fixation, namely chemical carbon fixation. The biological carbon fixation is marine organisms with higher inorganic carbon content in the culture body, and the purpose of carbon fixation is achieved by utilizing the characteristic of long cycle period of the inorganic carbon in the nature. The chemical carbon fixation product ammonium chloride is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer to be supplied to plankton around the floating system, so that the capacity of plankton in the surrounding sea area can be effectively increased, sufficient food sources are provided for cultured gastropods and bivalve shells, and meanwhile, the non-prey plankton can sink into the sea bottom after dying, so that the carbon fixation effect can be achieved. The gastropod and bivalve organisms can be abalone, conch, oyster, scallop and the like with high economic benefit, the inorganic component-calcium carbonate content in the shells of the gastropod and bivalve organisms accounts for about 90 percent, and the rest shells can be immersed into the sea bottom for carbon sealing while marine food is obtained, or used for manufacturing artware, ornaments, building materials and the like. The low-temperature seawater discharged by the OTEC system is used for mariculture in a small part, and cold water pumped out from the deep sea contains rich inorganic nutrient substances such as nitrate, phosphate, silicate and the like, so that the nutrient content in a culture area can be improved. Oxygen generated by the electrolysis of fresh water can increase the oxygen content of seawater in the culture area and improve the survival rate of organisms. The cultured marine organisms are gastropods and bivalve organisms, which can be abalones, conchs, oysters, scallops and the like with high economic benefit, the content of inorganic components-calcium carbonate in shells of the two organisms is about 90 percent, and the rest shells can be sunk into the sea bottom to be stored for carbon sealing or transported to the shore for manufacturing artware, ornaments, building materials and the like while marine foods are obtained, so that the purpose of carbon fixation is achieved.|[0045] The invention utilizes self green energy circulation, is self-sufficient, and improves the mariculture yield based on green energy carbon fixation. The green energy is converted into electric energy to provide power for the system, so that the system is clean and environment-friendly and is suitable for self-storage of a remote shore floating system. For the seawater temperature difference energy system as the electric energy output unit, about 50% of internal consumption of the power is provided by the wind-solar complementary power generation system, so that the grid-connected power supply efficiency can be greatly improved. The ammonia produced by the invention can be used as a product output, can also participate in the carbon fixation of a system, and solves the problems of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization from two aspects. The waste mixed seawater of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system is utilized to carry out seawater desalination and subsequent clean energy production and marine culture, clean energy and byproducts can be used for carbon fixation, the operation cost is reduced, and the economic applicability of the system is improved. The invention adopts two modes of chemical carbon fixation and biological carbon fixation, and changes the former ocean carbon fixation mode of supercritical carbon dioxide seabed brine layer sealing and deep sea direct carbon dioxide injection sealing. The carbon fixation mode adopted by the system is more stable and reliable, the influence on ocean acidification is avoided, and considerable economic benefit is brought.|[0046] The platform utilizes the characteristics of small turning radius and compact wind field of the vertical axis wind driven generator, and can improve the grid-connected power supply amount by expanding the number of vertical axis fans according to the power grid requirement after in-place operation, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, which are schematic top views after two and four wind driven generators are respectively expanded, and the fan expansion mode is realized by connecting a male buckle on a floating body supporting rod with a female buckle of a butt joint ring on a column buoy of the vertical axis wind driven generator. | (CN116001992)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the field of ships and ocean engineering, in particular to an offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixation system based on green energy.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] At present, ocean carbon sequestration mainly comprises supercritical carbon dioxide subsea brine layer sequestration and deep sea direct injection carbon dioxide sequestration. Due to the limited space in the sea floor brine layer and the re-release of supercritical carbon dioxide into the sea due to high pressure leakage, ocean acidification results. The deep sea direct injection of carbon dioxide is to directly inject carbon dioxide into sea water in a depth of more than 1000 meters or directly inject high-density carbon dioxide into a submarine space of more than 3000 meters to delay the diffusion of the carbon dioxide in the sea water, but the carbon sequestration method also faces the problem that ocean acidification has negative influence on an ocean ecosystem, and meanwhile, the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water can be finally released into the atmosphere again and cannot be permanently sequestered.|[0004] Hydrogen and ammonia are increasingly gaining importance in the market as clean energy sources without carbon emission, and each country deliberately uses two fuels as main new energy sources for replacing fossil fuels in future. However, one of the main reasons for restricting the development of hydrogen and ammonia at present is that the production cost is high, the global ocean temperature difference energy, the offshore wind energy and the offshore solar energy are rich, clean energy and electric energy are produced by utilizing the offshore renewable energy, and meanwhile, the produced clean energy is utilized to carry out chemical carbon fixation and biological carbon fixation on carbon dioxide, so that the resources can be fully utilized, and the stable sealing and storage of the carbon dioxide are realized.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a green offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing system, which adopts the following technical scheme:|[0006] the utility model provides a marine floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform, the platform comprises a plurality of triangle-shaped foundation frame, the foundation frame has three vertical axis generator post, three through upper floating body bracing piece and lower floor's body bracing piece fixed connection between the vertical axis generator post, upper floating body bracing piece is located the sea top, lower floor's body bracing piece is located the sea below, the body bracing piece pass through the connection pair with vertical axis generator post is connected, be fixed with a plurality of floating bodies under water between the lower floor's body bracing piece, the floating body has a plurality of ballast tanks and empty capsule under water. The platform takes a basic frame as a unit, a plurality of basic frames are combined to form an integral platform structure, a vertical shaft generator is fixed at the top of a vertical shaft generator column, the vertical shaft generator generates electricity, the electricity is stored in a storage battery, and the storage battery supplies power to each unit and each component in the platform.|[0007] The connecting pair is provided with a circular lantern ring, the lantern ring is sleeved on the vertical shaft generator column, a plurality of connecting rings are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the lantern ring, the connecting rings are open connecting rings, the connecting rings are connected with the lantern ring through transverse connecting shafts, and the connecting rings are connected with the floating body supporting rods through longitudinal connecting shafts. The structure of the split connecting ring is adopted, so that the floating body supporting rod can freely rotate in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction relative to the lantern ring, the foundation frames can relatively move, the floating body supporting rod in the foundation frames can relatively move relative to the vertical shaft generator column, the whole platform is in an integral state, and when external force is introduced, the whole platform can also be in an independent unit individual state.|[0008] A deck is paved on the upper floating body supporting rod of the foundation framework, a crane, an inter-device and a clean co-production module are arranged on the deck, a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels are fixed on the deck and close to the vertical axis generator column, and the vertical axis generator and the photovoltaic cell panels are connected with a storage battery. The vertical axis generator and the photovoltaic cell panel convey generated electricity to the storage battery, the storage battery supplies power to the whole platform, a stable power source is provided for the operation of the platform system, and the problem that the supply and the demand of the power generation system and the power consumption device are uneven is solved.|[0009] The clean co-production module is provided with an OTEC system, the OTEC system discharges a part of mixed seawater into the sea through a mixed seawater pipeline, and the mixed seawater discharged into the sea is rich in inorganic nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate, silicate and the like, so that the content of the nutrients in the cultivation area can be improved; the other part of the ammonia is conveyed to a sea water desalination system, fresh water and concentrated sea water are generated by the sea water desalination system, the concentrated sea water is conveyed to a carbon fixing system, oxygen and hydrogen are generated by electrolysis of fresh water, the hydrogen is conveyed to an ammonia production system, the generated nitrogen is supplied to the ammonia production system by the nitrogen production system, the generated liquid ammonia is conveyed to an OTEC system by the ammonia production system, the generated ammonia is conveyed to the carbon fixing system, the carbon fixing system is provided with a CCS device, and the CCS device captures CO 2 Mixing with the ammonia gas and the concentrated seawater, and supplying formed ammonium chloride to surrounding plankton. The plankton around can be eaten by the breeding organisms, and the plankton also plays a role in fixing carbon.|[0010] The rest the net cage frame is erect to the foundation frame top, and the aquaculture net cage is located in the net cage frame, net cage frame top is fixed with electric winch, electric winch passes through the control system control in the control room, and the hawser is walked around electric winch with the aquaculture net cage is connected, be provided with vertical guide rail on the net cage frame, the aquaculture net cage have with guide rail matched with pulley, be provided with the pavement between the aquaculture net cage. The rest of the basic frames are culture areas, and passages for people to pass are arranged between the triangular culture areas.|[0011] Above-mentioned marine floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform, furthermore, OTEC system has OTEC evaporimeter, OTEC evaporimeter is connected with warm water pump, liquid ammonia pump respectively, OTEC evaporimeter is connected with OTEC turbine, OTEC condenser, liquid ammonia pump in proper order through the pipeline back flow to OTEC evaporimeter forms first circulation net, OTEC condenser is connected with the cold water pump, and the cold water pump passes through the pipeline in proper order and is connected with ammonia system, sea water desalination system, the cold water pipe that the cold water pump is connected stretches into the seabed, the warm water pipe intercommunication sea that the warm water pump is connected. The working medium ammonia is pumped into an OTEC evaporator through a liquid ammonia pump, exchanges heat with the sea water at the temperature of 25-27 ℃ extracted from the ocean surface layer through a warm water pump, the exchanged liquid ammonia becomes gas, enters an OTEC turbine, pushes the turbine to convert internal energy into mechanical energy and then generates electric energy, and the electric energy is conveyed to a coast grid through a submarine cable for supplying power. Ammonia gas after acting through the OTEC turbine enters an OTEC condenser, exchanges heat with cold seawater extracted from the ocean by a cold water pump from the depth of 1000 meters in the condenser, the temperature of the seawater is constant at about 5 ℃, and the ammonia gas after heat exchange is changed into liquid ammonia to enter the next circulation.|[0012] The above-mentioned floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform on sea, furthermore, OTEC evaporimeter passes through the pipeline and is connected with sea water desalination.|[0013] Above-mentioned marine floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform, further, the system of making ammonia is connected with ammonia storage tank, solid carbon system respectively through the pipeline, and ammonia storage tank passes through the pipeline and is connected with liquid ammonia pump, OTEC evaporimeter in proper order.|[0014] According to the offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform, further, the carbon dioxide storage tank is arranged on the deck, and the CCS device stores captured carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank.|[0015] The offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform is characterized in that the sea water desalination system is provided with a branch pipeline in an extending mode and is connected with the ammonia production system.|[0016] The above-mentioned floating clean energy production of sea and biological solid carbon platform, still further, the quantity of foundation frame is six, six the foundation frame constitutes the platform that wholly is the hexagon.|[0017] The offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform is characterized in that a ballast pump and a ballast system are arranged in the equipment room, the ballast pump is connected with the ballast tank, and the ballast system controls the ballast pump to adjust the ballast water level in the ballast tank.|[0018] The above-mentioned marine floating clean energy production and biological solid carbon platform, furthermore, the body is four under water, symmetrically fix on the body bracing piece of lower floor.|[0019] According to the offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform, furthermore, the mooring system is fixed on the vertical axis generator column and is provided with the mooring cable, the free end of the mooring cable is connected with the anchor, and the buoy is fixed on the mooring cable. The floats can improve mooring line type and stress. The anchor is fixed to the seabed so that the platform floats in a designated sea area.|[0020] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0021] 1. the floating system converts green energy into electric energy to provide power for the system, is clean and environment-friendly, and is suitable for self-storage of a remote shore floating system. For the seawater temperature difference energy system as the electric energy output unit, about 50% of internal consumption of the power is provided by the wind-solar complementary power generation system, so that the grid-connected power supply efficiency can be greatly improved.|[0022] 2. The clean energy produced by the floating system can be used as product output and also can participate in system carbon fixation.|[0023] 3. The floating system utilizes the abandoned mixed seawater of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system to carry out seawater desalination and subsequent clean energy production and marine culture, clean energy and byproducts can also carry out carbon fixation, reduce the operation cost and improve the economic applicability of the system.|[0024] 4. The floating system adopts two modes of chemical carbon fixation and biological carbon fixation. The prior ocean carbon fixation mode of supercritical carbon dioxide submarine brine layer sealing and deep sea direct carbon dioxide injection sealing is changed. The carbon fixation mode adopted by the system is more stable and reliable, the influence on ocean acidification is avoided, and considerable economic benefit is brought.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view of the present invention;|[0026] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;|[0027] FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;|[0028] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the connection pair;|[0029] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system of the present invention;|[0030] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a platform with two wind generators extended;|[0031] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a platform after expansion of four wind generators;|[0032] wherein: 1-OTEC evaporator, 2-OTEC turbine, 3-OTEC condenser, 4-liquid ammonia pump, 5-chilled water pump, 6-warm water pump, 7-ammonia storage tank, 8-nitrogen production system, 9-ammonia production system, 10-storage battery, 11-desalination system, 12-vertical axis generator column, 13-photovoltaic panel, 14-connection pair, 15-net cage frame, 16-aquaculture net cage, 17-equipment room, 18-crane, 19-living building, 21-OTEC system, 22-manway, 23-deck, 24-mooring cable, 25-float, 26-anchor, 27-underwater float, 28-float support bar, 29-carbon dioxide storage tank, 30-control room, 33-warm water pipeline, 34-chilled water pipeline, 1401-collar, 1402-connecting ring, 1403-lateral connecting shaft, 1404-longitudinal connecting shaft.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0033] The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0034] The floating clean energy production and biological carbon fixing platform is suitable for deep sea areas with water depth greater than 800 meters in low-latitude areas, the platform is a hexagonal platform integrally formed by six triangular foundation frames, each foundation frame is composed of three vertical shaft generator columns, the three vertical shaft generator columns are fixedly connected through an upper floating body supporting rod and a lower floating body supporting rod, the upper floating body supporting rod is located above the sea, the lower floating body supporting rod is located below the sea, the floating body supporting rods are connected with the vertical shaft generator columns through connecting pairs, a plurality of underwater floating bodies are fixed between the lower floating body supporting rods, and each underwater floating body is provided with a plurality of ballast tanks and a plurality of empty tanks.|[0035] The connecting pair is provided with a circular lantern ring, as shown in fig. 4, the lantern ring is sleeved on the vertical shaft generator column, six connecting rings are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the lantern ring, the connecting rings are open connecting rings, the connecting rings are connected with the lantern ring through transverse connecting shafts, and the connecting rings are connected with the floating body supporting rods through longitudinal connecting shafts. A plurality of photovoltaic cell panels are fixed on the deck and close to the vertical axis generator column, and the vertical axis generator and the photovoltaic cell panels are connected with a storage battery. The vertical axis generator and the photovoltaic cell panel store the generated electricity in the storage battery, convert wind energy and solar energy into electric energy, store the electric energy generated by two unstable energy sources in the storage battery, provide stable power sources for the operation of the platform system, and solve the problem of uneven supply and demand of the power generation system and the power consumption device.|[0036] As shown in fig. 3, a deck is laid on the upper floating body supporting rod of one foundation frame, a crane, an equipment room and a clean co-production module are arranged on the deck, a net cage frame is arranged above the other five foundation frames, a cultivation net cage is positioned in the net cage frame, an electric winch is fixed at the top end of the net cage frame and controlled by a control system in a control room, a cable bypasses the electric winch and is connected with the cultivation net cage, a vertical guide rail (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the net cage frame, the cultivation net cage is provided with pulleys matched with the guide rail, and a pedestrian passageway is arranged between the cultivation net cages.|[0037] As shown in fig. 5, the clean co-production module is provided with an OTEC system that discharges a portion of the mixed seawater through a mixed seawater pipelineIn the sea, the other part is conveyed to a sea water desalination system, the sea water desalination system generates fresh water and concentrated sea water, the concentrated sea water is conveyed to a carbon fixing system, the fresh water is electrolyzed to generate oxygen and hydrogen, the hydrogen is conveyed to an ammonia production system, the nitrogen production system supplies generated nitrogen to the ammonia production system, the ammonia production system conveys generated liquid ammonia to an OTEC system, the generated ammonia is conveyed to the carbon fixing system, the carbon fixing system is provided with a CCS device, and the CCS device captures CO 2 Mixing with ammonia gas and concentrated seawater to form ammonium chloride which is supplied to plankton around.|[0038] OTEC systems are techniques for converting electrical energy using thermal gradients available in the ocean, and are classified into closed cycle, open cycle, and mixed cycle systems by process. Because the system is used for the offshore floating structure and the whole space is limited, a closed circulation system with a more compact whole device is adopted. The working fluid of the OTEC system is ammonia with better physical performance, price and system maturity. The OTEC closed circulation system based on the ammonia working medium consists of an OTEC evaporator, an OTEC turbine, an OTEC condenser, an ammonia storage tank, a liquid ammonia pump, a warm water pump and a cold water pump. Working medium ammonia is pumped into an OTEC evaporator through a liquid ammonia pump to exchange heat with warm seawater pumped from a marine surface layer through a warm water pump, the temperature of the seawater is 25-27 ℃, the exchanged liquid ammonia is changed into a gaseous state, the gaseous liquid ammonia enters an OTEC turbine, the turbine is driven to convert internal energy into mechanical energy to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is conveyed to a shore grid through a submarine cable to supply power. Ammonia gas after acting through the OTEC turbine enters an OTEC condenser, exchanges heat with cold seawater extracted from the ocean by a cold water pump from the depth of 1000 meters in the condenser, the temperature of the seawater is constant at about 5 ℃, and the ammonia gas after heat exchange is changed into liquid ammonia to enter the next circulation. Liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage tank is used as a system supplementing working medium to enter the circulating system. Mixing the warm seawater and cold seawater after heat exchange of the OTEC evaporator and the OTEC condenser, wherein the seawater temperature is about 18 ℃, and the medium-temperature seawater enters a seawater desalination system and a subsequent carbon fixing system. The sea water desalting process may be heat process or film process, and the sea water desalted product is fresh water and concentrated sea water containing high concentration sodium chloride. A portion of the produced fresh water may be exported as a product to provide a source of fresh water for the floating device. The other part is used for producing hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis, and the formula is as follows:|[0039] 2H 2 O→2H 2 (g)+O 2 (g) (Power-on)|[0040] Part of the hydrogen and oxygen are output as products, and the other part participates in the nitrogen production and carbon fixation system. Also, considering the limited overall space of the floating device, the nitrogen production system preferably adopts a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) process to separate nitrogen from air. And (3) taking one part of generated nitrogen as a product output, mixing the other part of generated nitrogen with hydrogen generated by a system, and synthesizing ammonia by adopting a Haber method, wherein the basic formula is as follows:|[0041] |[0042] the cold seawater pumped by the OTEC system can be used as a cooling water source of an ammonia production system, one part of liquid ammonia separated by the Haber ammonia production method enters an ammonia storage tank to be used as a supplementary working medium liquid of the OTEC system and is output as a product, and the other part of liquid ammonia is gasified to form ammonia gas to enter a carbon fixing system. The gasified ammonia gas and the carbon dioxide gas captured by the CCS and transported to the floating system are sequentially introduced into the concentrated seawater generated by the seawater desalination system, and the three are mixed to generate chemical reaction to generate sodium bicarbonate crystal sediment and ammonium chloride, and the formula is as follows:|[0043] NaCl+NH 3 +H 2 O+CO 2 →NaHCO 3 ↓+NH 4 Cl|[0044] the sodium bicarbonate crystals can be injected into seawater with the concentration of less than 1000 m for sealing or sealed by a container after being separated from the solution, the factors influencing the sealing of sodium bicarbonate in seawater are the pH value and the seawater density (seawater temperature), the pH value of deep seawater is between 7.5 and 7.8, sodium bicarbonate mainly exists in the seawater in the region, and sodium bicarbonate exists in the seawater in the region, so that the sodium bicarbonate is relatively stable (according to Bjerrum carbonate series diagrams). And in the deep water layer below 1000 m, the water temperature is low (2-5 ℃) and the density is almost constant. Under the condition that the temperature and the PH value of the surrounding seawater are stable, sodium bicarbonate crystals are injected into a deep water layer below 1000 meters, and the dissolved high-concentration sodium bicarbonate solution is sunk into the sea bottom under the influence of gravity by utilizing the density difference between the sodium bicarbonate crystals and the seawater, so as to achieve the effect of carbon fixation, namely chemical carbon fixation. The biological carbon fixation is marine organisms with higher inorganic carbon content in the culture body, and the purpose of carbon fixation is achieved by utilizing the characteristic of long cycle period of the inorganic carbon in the nature. The chemical carbon fixation product ammonium chloride is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer to be supplied to plankton around the floating system, so that the capacity of plankton in the surrounding sea area can be effectively increased, sufficient food sources are provided for cultured gastropods and bivalve shells, and meanwhile, the non-prey plankton can sink into the sea bottom after dying, so that the carbon fixation effect can be achieved. The gastropod and bivalve organisms can be abalone, conch, oyster, scallop and the like with high economic benefit, the inorganic component-calcium carbonate content in the shells of the gastropod and bivalve organisms accounts for about 90 percent, and the rest shells can be immersed into the sea bottom for carbon sealing while marine food is obtained, or used for manufacturing artware, ornaments, building materials and the like. The low-temperature seawater discharged by the OTEC system is used for mariculture in a small part, and cold water pumped out from the deep sea contains rich inorganic nutrient substances such as nitrate, phosphate, silicate and the like, so that the nutrient content in a culture area can be improved. Oxygen generated by the electrolysis of fresh water can increase the oxygen content of seawater in the culture area and improve the survival rate of organisms. The cultured marine organisms are gastropods and bivalve organisms, which can be abalones, conchs, oysters, scallops and the like with high economic benefit, the content of inorganic components-calcium carbonate in shells of the two organisms is about 90 percent, and the rest shells can be sunk into the sea bottom to be stored for carbon sealing or transported to the shore for manufacturing artware, ornaments, building materials and the like while marine foods are obtained, so that the purpose of carbon fixation is achieved.|[0045] The invention utilizes self green energy circulation, is self-sufficient, and improves the mariculture yield based on green energy carbon fixation. The green energy is converted into electric energy to provide power for the system, so that the system is clean and environment-friendly and is suitable for self-storage of a remote shore floating system. For the seawater temperature difference energy system as the electric energy output unit, about 50% of internal consumption of the power is provided by the wind-solar complementary power generation system, so that the grid-connected power supply efficiency can be greatly improved. The ammonia produced by the invention can be used as a product output, can also participate in the carbon fixation of a system, and solves the problems of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization from two aspects. The waste mixed seawater of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system is utilized to carry out seawater desalination and subsequent clean energy production and marine culture, clean energy and byproducts can be used for carbon fixation, the operation cost is reduced, and the economic applicability of the system is improved. The invention adopts two modes of chemical carbon fixation and biological carbon fixation, and changes the former ocean carbon fixation mode of supercritical carbon dioxide seabed brine layer sealing and deep sea direct carbon dioxide injection sealing. The carbon fixation mode adopted by the system is more stable and reliable, the influence on ocean acidification is avoided, and considerable economic benefit is brought.|[0046] The platform utilizes the characteristics of small turning radius and compact wind field of the vertical axis wind driven generator, and can improve the grid-connected power supply amount by expanding the number of vertical axis fans according to the power grid requirement after in-place operation, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, which are schematic top views after two and four wind driven generators are respectively expanded, and the fan expansion mode is realized by connecting a male buckle on a floating body supporting rod with a female buckle of a butt joint ring on a column buoy of the vertical axis wind driven generator. | Family Number|(104657513)|104657513|Abstract|(CN116001992 A)|An offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon sequestration platform is composed of a plurality of triangular foundation frames , and the foundation frames are integrally triangular and are formed by three vertical axis generator columns and floating body supporting rods . Wherein a deck is laid on one foundation frame , a crane , an equipment room and a cleaning co - production module are arranged on the deck , a net cage frame is erected above the other foundation frames , and the aquaculture net cage is located in the net cage frame and moves up and down through an electric winch . After carbon sequestration of the clean co - production module , formed ammonium chloride is supplied to plankton around the platform , and the purpose of carbon sequestration is achieved . According to the method , self - sufficiency is achieved through self - green energy circulation , and the mariculture yield is increased while carbon sequestration is carried out based on green energy . The mixed seawater abandoned by the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system is used for seawater desalination and subsequent clean energy production , marine aquaculture , clean energy and by - products can be used for carbon sequestration , the operation cost is reduced , and the economic applicability of the system is improved . |Title|(CN116001992 A)|Offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon sequestration platform | | Engines, pumps, turbines|Environmental technology|Transport | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B63B-035/00|F01K-025/10|F03D-003/00|F03D-009/11|F03D-013/25|F03G-007/04|F03G-007/05 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B63B-035/00|F01K-025/10|F03D-003/00|F03D-009/11|F03D-013/25|F03G-007/04|F03G-007/05 | CN118575775|CN119253621 | CN118575775 111280716 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|CN119253621 112909999 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | US20100218507|US6100600|CN114013587|CN114109751|CN216129402U|WO201844401|US20150121869 | US20100218507 44283426 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US6100600 13651142 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN114013587 98614722 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN114109751 98891168 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN216129402U 99290489 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO201844401 79002122 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20150121869 46598861 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | US6100600; US20100218507; US20150121869; WO201844401; CN114013587; CN114109751; CN216129402U | PENDING | (CN116001992)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN116001992)|ALIVE | (CN116001992)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN116001992|Actual or expected expiration date=2042-07-07|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2022-07-07|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202210792548|Application date=2022-07-07|Standardized application number=2022CN-0792548|Event publication date=2023-04-25|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116001992|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-04-25|Standardized publication number=CN116001992|Event publication date=2023-04-25|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-05-12|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN116001992)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoT1oMxyDC7yHlfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000067541132&ekey=2191&xpn=CN116001992&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=x0%252F6BHx1z6NxB%252BPr%252BFA4FJNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN116001992)|CN | (CN116001992)|NAME=DALIAN SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY CO. LTD. , COUNTRY=CN | (CN116001992)|NAME=ZHANG JUNJIE;DALIAN GEZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENT LTD. , REG=21238 | (CN116001992)|NAME=WU NAN|NAME=SUN QIANG|NAME=PENG DONGSHENG|NAME=GUO QIANG|NAME=PIAN CHENGRONG|NAME=MA JUN|NAME=DU XIN|NAME=ZHANG LINTAO|NAME=PAN SHUAI | Titre: (CN116001992)|Offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon sequestration platform Résumé: (CN116001992)|An offshore floating type clean energy production and biological carbon sequestration platform is composed of a plurality of triangular foundation frames, and the foundation frames are integrally triangular and are formed by three vertical axis generator columns and floating body supporting rods. Wherein a deck is laid on one foundation frame, a crane, an equipment room and a cleaning co-production module are arranged on the deck, a net cage frame is erected above the other foundation frames, and the aquaculture net cage is located in the net cage frame and moves up and down through an electric winch. After carbon sequestration of the clean co-production module, formed ammonium chloride is supplied to plankton around the platform, and the purpose of carbon sequestration is achieved. According to the method, self-sufficiency is achieved through self-green energy circulation, and the mariculture yield is increased while carbon sequestration is carried out based on green energy. The mixed seawater abandoned by the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system is used for seawater desalination and subsequent clean energy production, marine aquaculture, clean energy and by-products can be used for carbon sequestration, the operation cost is reduced, and the economic applicability of the system is improved. | 3.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses a platform for clean energy production and carbon sequestration, mentioning ammonium chloride supplied to plankton, but it primarily focuses on aquaculture and energy production rather than direct ocean fertilization for CO₂ uptake. | 7.0 | 2.0 | (CN116001992)|1 | (CN116001992)|6 | (CN116001992)|7 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN116001992)|7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN116001992)|Number of Claims: NCL=7|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-04-25|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-1701|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11| | (CN116001992)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN116001992)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18 | CN202321996438U | CN202321996438U | CN220495989 | 108593562 | CN220495989 U 2024-02-20 [CN220495989U] | 2023-07-27 | 2023-07-27 | 2024-02-20 | (CN220495989U)|2024-02-20 | (CN220495989)|2033-07-27 | (CN220495989)|Renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device | (CN220495989)|The utility model discloses a seawater carbon sequestration device driven by renewable energy sources, which relates to the technical field of carbon sequestration devices and comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after seawater electrolysis. According to the seawater carbon sequestration device driven by the renewable energy sources, the power generation module generates electric power by utilizing wind energy and solar energy in the ocean to supply power to the whole device, and the generated redundant electric power can be merged into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater, so that the seawater can be electrolyzed to generate hydrogen. | TIANJING UNIVERSITY | (CN220495989)|TIANJING UNIV ([CN]) | DENG SHUAI|WANG ZHIHENG|CHEN JIAHUAN|HUANG YUXUAN|CUI YIMING|YOU JUNRUI|WANG SHUOCHEN|LI ZHENWEI | (CN220495989)|DENG SHUAI|WANG ZHIHENG|CHEN JIAHUAN|HUANG YUXUAN|CUI YIMING|YOU JUNRUI|WANG SHUOCHEN|LI ZHENWEI | (CN220495989)|HE CHENG;FANG & ASSOCIATES|Reg. Nb: 11385 | (CN220495989)|The process is complex in flow, high in cost and easy to release secondarily.| | (CN220495989)|1. The seawater carbon fixing device driven by renewable energy sources is characterized by comprising a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.| | (CN220495989)|The utility model discloses a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device, which relates to the technical field of carbon fixing devices and comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed. According to the renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixation device, the power generation module generates power by utilizing wind energy and solar energy in the ocean to supply power for the whole device, and the generated redundant power can be integrated into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into the seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater to enable the seawater to generate hydrogen through electrolysis.| | (CN220495989)|PRETREATMENT TANK(100,25)|RENEWABLE ENERGY(100,19)|SEAWATER CARBON FIXING(100,9)|DRIVEN SEAWATER CARBON FIXING(100,8)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(100,2)|ELECTROLYZING PRETREATED SEAWATER(86,2)|PRETREATED SEAWATER(77,3)|REACTION MODULE(68,20)|SEAWATER(58,31)|POWER GENERATION MODULE(41,14)|ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT(41,4)|HYDROGEN(33,3)|GAS STORAGE MODULE(29,18)|RENEWABLE ENERGY DRIVEN SEAWATER(25,3)|DRIVEN SEAWATER(24,3)|REACTION TANK(22,14)|CATHODE PLATE(22,9)|ELECTROLYSIS(21,2)|ANODE PLATE(19,8)|GAS COLLECTING PIPELINE(19,5)|GENERATION(19,3)|SEA(16,5)|GAS COLLECTION CONDUIT(16,2)|SUPPORT POSTS(16,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE(15,6)|PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION(14,4)|ADDING CALCIUM OXIDE(14,2)|APART INTERVAL(14,1)|CARBON FIXATION(13,2)|REDUNDANT POWER GENERATION(13,1)|ABSORPTION CAPACITY(12,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION CAPACITY(12,2)|CARBON FIXING(12,2)|GRAPHITE PLATE(12,2)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(12,2)|POOL(12,2)|WINDPOWER GENERATION(11,4)|SOLAR ENERGY(11,2)|ROOF(11,1)|WIND ENERGY(10,2)|AIR INTRODUCTION(9,3)|WINDPOWER GENERATOR(9,2)|ADSORBENT(8,9)|CARRYING OUT ELECTROLYTE TREATMENT(7,3)|POWER GRID(7,2)|STAINLESS STEEL PLATE(7,2)|DESORPTION REGENERATION(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(6,17)|PRECIPITATED SEAWATER(6,1)|GAS TANK(5,3)|SEAWATER FLOW PIPELINE(5,2)|AIR PUMP(4,5)|CARBON NANOTUBE(4,1)|CARBONIZATION TREATMENT(4,1)|GRAPHITE POLAR(4,1)|NEGATIVE PLATE(3,4)|CELL BODY(3,2)| | (CN220495989)|1. The seawater carbon fixing device driven by renewable energy sources is characterized by comprising a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|2. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 1 wherein the power generation module comprises a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|3. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 1 wherein an air pump is disposed around the pretreatment tank for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank.|4. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 1 wherein said gas storage module comprises a plurality of gas tanks.|5. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 1 wherein the reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks in communication with the pretreatment tank through seawater flow conduits, the plurality of reaction tanks in communication with the gas storage module through gas collection conduits.|6. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 5 wherein said reaction tank comprises a tank body and a roof; the top of the pool body is provided with the top plate in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the cell body; the pool body is provided with a first interface communicated with the seawater flow pipeline and a second interface communicated with the gas collecting pipeline.|7. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 6 wherein the bottom of the side of the tank is provided with an electromagnetic valve for evacuating fluid from the tank.|8. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 6 wherein said cathode plate is a stainless steel plate and said anode plate is a graphite plate.|9. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 6 wherein a plurality of said cathode plates and a plurality of said anode plates are disposed in said tank at spaced apart intervals.|10. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 6 wherein a plurality of support posts are disposed in the tank in a lateral direction, the cathode plate and the anode plate being disposed between adjacent support posts. | (CN220495989)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of carbon fixing devices, in particular to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] A direct air capture method for carbon dioxide is disclosed in the publication CN115155239a, which comprises the following steps: (1) absorption stage: absorbing and capturing carbon dioxide in the air through an adsorbent until the carbon dioxide is saturated; (2) a desorption regeneration stage: heating the adsorbent to 105-110 ℃ under high vacuum state to desorb and regenerate the adsorbent and release pure carbon dioxide gas; (3) a cooling stage: cooling the adsorbent to room temperature by using air, and then performing the next absorption-desorption regeneration cycle; the adsorbent is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing pulverized coal with a potassium carbonate solution, and performing activation treatment to generate a porous carbon material; and mixing the adsorbent with the carbon nano tube and the ionic liquid, and performing carbonization treatment to obtain the adsorbent. The method for directly capturing the carbon dioxide in the air can efficiently absorb the carbon dioxide in the air, does not need excessive regeneration energy consumption, and has low cost and simple process and easy operation.|[0003] The method for directly capturing the carbon dioxide in the air captures the carbon dioxide in the air, the adsorbent adsorbs the carbon dioxide to saturation, and the adsorbent is heated to release and collect the high-concentration carbon dioxide. The process is complex in flow, high in cost and easy to release secondarily.|[0004] Seawater is naturally enriched with a large amount of carbon dioxide and has huge total amount, and the seawater contains huge capacity, so that if the energy in the ocean can be utilized to fix carbon dioxide in the seawater, the carbon dioxide content can be effectively reduced, and the energy in the ocean can be effectively utilized, so that a renewable energy source driven seawater carbon fixing device is needed.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which can be used for fixing carbon in seawater by utilizing energy in the ocean.|[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following solutions:|[0007] the utility model provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module is connected with the gas storage module; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|[0008] Optionally, the power generation module comprises a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|[0009] Optionally, an air pump is arranged around the pretreatment tank, and the air pump is used for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank.|[0010] Optionally, the gas storage module includes a plurality of gas tanks.|[0011] Optionally, the reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks, the reaction tanks are communicated with the pretreatment tank through a seawater flow pipeline, and the reaction tanks are communicated with the gas storage module through a gas collecting pipeline.|[0012] Optionally, the reaction tank comprises a tank body and a top plate; the top of the pool body is provided with the top plate in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the cell body; the pool body is provided with a first interface communicated with the seawater flow pipeline and a second interface communicated with the gas collecting pipeline.|[0013] Optionally, an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the tank body, and the electromagnetic valve is used for exhausting the fluid in the tank body.|[0014] Optionally, the cathode plate is a stainless steel plate, and the anode plate is a graphite plate.|[0015] Optionally, a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged in the tank body, and a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged at intervals.|[0016] Optionally, a plurality of support columns are transversely arranged in the tank body, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged between the adjacent support columns.|[0017] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:|[0018] the utility model relates to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device, which mainly comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module generates electric power by utilizing wind energy and solar energy in the ocean to supply power to the whole device, and the generated redundant electric power can be integrated into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into the seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater to enable the seawater to generate hydrogen through electrolysis.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0020] FIG. 1 is a control schematic diagram of a renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration apparatus of the present utility model;|[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction module in the renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device of the present utility model;|[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction tank in the renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.|[0023] Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a reaction tank; 2. a seawater flow conduit; 3. a gas collection conduit; 4. an electromagnetic valve; 5. a top plate; 6. stainless steel polar plates; 7. a support column; 8. a cell body; 9. graphite polar plate.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0024] The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.|[0025] As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon device, which includes a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module, and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|[0026] The power generated by the power generation module can provide enough power supply for the whole device, so that the whole device does not need to consume external energy. The pretreatment tank is used for adjusting the pH value of the seawater to better absorb carbon dioxide. The reaction module is used for pre-treating the electrolyzed seawater, and hydrogen is produced by utilizing the electric power generated by the power generation module and is stored in the gas storage module.|[0027] In this embodiment, the power generation module includes a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|[0028] An air pump is arranged around the pretreatment tank and is used for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank. Through adding calcium oxide into the pretreatment tank, the PH value of the seawater in the pretreatment tank reaches 9, and when the air pump is used for pumping air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank, the seawater can absorb more carbon dioxide, so that the carbon fixation effect is improved, and impurities in the seawater are removed. The precipitated seawater is removed and is introduced into a reaction tank 1 for electrolytic treatment.|[0029] The gas storage module includes a plurality of gas tanks.|[0030] The reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks 1, the reaction tanks 1 are communicated with the pretreatment tank through a seawater flow pipeline 2, and the reaction tanks 1 are communicated with the gas storage module through a gas collecting pipeline 3.|[0031] The reaction tank 1 comprises a tank body 8 and a top plate 5; a top plate 5 is arranged at the top of the tank body 8 in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the tank body 8; the tank body 8 is provided with a first interface for communicating with the seawater flow pipeline 2 and a second interface for communicating with the gas collecting pipeline 3.|[0032] The bottom of the side face of the tank body 8 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 4, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is used for evacuating fluid in the tank body 8.|[0033] In this embodiment, the cathode plate is a stainless steel plate 6, and the anode plate is a graphite plate 9. A plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged in the tank body 8, and the negative plates and the positive plates are arranged at intervals. A plurality of supporting columns 7 are transversely arranged in the tank body 8, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged between the adjacent supporting columns 7.|[0034] It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present utility model is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the utility model being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.|[0035] The principles and embodiments of the present utility model have been described in this specification with reference to specific examples, the description of which is only for the purpose of aiding in understanding the method of the present utility model and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present utility model to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the utility model. | (CN220495989)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of carbon fixing devices, in particular to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] A direct air capture method for carbon dioxide is disclosed in the publication CN115155239a, which comprises the following steps: (1) absorption stage: absorbing and capturing carbon dioxide in the air through an adsorbent until the carbon dioxide is saturated; (2) a desorption regeneration stage: heating the adsorbent to 105-110 ℃ under high vacuum state to desorb and regenerate the adsorbent and release pure carbon dioxide gas; (3) a cooling stage: cooling the adsorbent to room temperature by using air, and then performing the next absorption-desorption regeneration cycle; the adsorbent is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing pulverized coal with a potassium carbonate solution, and performing activation treatment to generate a porous carbon material; and mixing the adsorbent with the carbon nano tube and the ionic liquid, and performing carbonization treatment to obtain the adsorbent. The method for directly capturing the carbon dioxide in the air can efficiently absorb the carbon dioxide in the air, does not need excessive regeneration energy consumption, and has low cost and simple process and easy operation.|[0003] The method for directly capturing the carbon dioxide in the air captures the carbon dioxide in the air, the adsorbent adsorbs the carbon dioxide to saturation, and the adsorbent is heated to release and collect the high-concentration carbon dioxide. The process is complex in flow, high in cost and easy to release secondarily.|[0004] Seawater is naturally enriched with a large amount of carbon dioxide and has huge total amount, and the seawater contains huge capacity, so that if the energy in the ocean can be utilized to fix carbon dioxide in the seawater, the carbon dioxide content can be effectively reduced, and the energy in the ocean can be effectively utilized, so that a renewable energy source driven seawater carbon fixing device is needed.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which can be used for fixing carbon in seawater by utilizing energy in the ocean.|[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following solutions:|[0007] the utility model provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module is connected with the gas storage module; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|[0008] Optionally, the power generation module comprises a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|[0009] Optionally, an air pump is arranged around the pretreatment tank, and the air pump is used for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank.|[0010] Optionally, the gas storage module includes a plurality of gas tanks.|[0011] Optionally, the reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks, the reaction tanks are communicated with the pretreatment tank through a seawater flow pipeline, and the reaction tanks are communicated with the gas storage module through a gas collecting pipeline.|[0012] Optionally, the reaction tank comprises a tank body and a top plate; the top of the pool body is provided with the top plate in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the cell body; the pool body is provided with a first interface communicated with the seawater flow pipeline and a second interface communicated with the gas collecting pipeline.|[0013] Optionally, an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the tank body, and the electromagnetic valve is used for exhausting the fluid in the tank body.|[0014] Optionally, the cathode plate is a stainless steel plate, and the anode plate is a graphite plate.|[0015] Optionally, a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged in the tank body, and a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged at intervals.|[0016] Optionally, a plurality of support columns are transversely arranged in the tank body, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged between the adjacent support columns.|[0017] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:|[0018] the utility model relates to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device, which mainly comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module generates electric power by utilizing wind energy and solar energy in the ocean to supply power to the whole device, and the generated redundant electric power can be integrated into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into the seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater to enable the seawater to generate hydrogen through electrolysis.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0020] FIG. 1 is a control schematic diagram of a renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration apparatus of the present utility model;|[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction module in the renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device of the present utility model;|[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction tank in the renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.|[0023] Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a reaction tank; 2. a seawater flow conduit; 3. a gas collection conduit; 4. an electromagnetic valve; 5. a top plate; 6. stainless steel polar plates; 7. a support column; 8. a cell body; 9. graphite polar plate.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0024] The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.|[0025] As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon device, which includes a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module, and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|[0026] The power generated by the power generation module can provide enough power supply for the whole device, so that the whole device does not need to consume external energy. The pretreatment tank is used for adjusting the pH value of the seawater to better absorb carbon dioxide. The reaction module is used for pre-treating the electrolyzed seawater, and hydrogen is produced by utilizing the electric power generated by the power generation module and is stored in the gas storage module.|[0027] In this embodiment, the power generation module includes a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|[0028] An air pump is arranged around the pretreatment tank and is used for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank. Through adding calcium oxide into the pretreatment tank, the PH value of the seawater in the pretreatment tank reaches 9, and when the air pump is used for pumping air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank, the seawater can absorb more carbon dioxide, so that the carbon fixation effect is improved, and impurities in the seawater are removed. The precipitated seawater is removed and is introduced into a reaction tank 1 for electrolytic treatment.|[0029] The gas storage module includes a plurality of gas tanks.|[0030] The reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks 1, the reaction tanks 1 are communicated with the pretreatment tank through a seawater flow pipeline 2, and the reaction tanks 1 are communicated with the gas storage module through a gas collecting pipeline 3.|[0031] The reaction tank 1 comprises a tank body 8 and a top plate 5; a top plate 5 is arranged at the top of the tank body 8 in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the tank body 8; the tank body 8 is provided with a first interface for communicating with the seawater flow pipeline 2 and a second interface for communicating with the gas collecting pipeline 3.|[0032] The bottom of the side face of the tank body 8 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 4, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is used for evacuating fluid in the tank body 8.|[0033] In this embodiment, the cathode plate is a stainless steel plate 6, and the anode plate is a graphite plate 9. A plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged in the tank body 8, and the negative plates and the positive plates are arranged at intervals. A plurality of supporting columns 7 are transversely arranged in the tank body 8, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged between the adjacent supporting columns 7.|[0034] It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present utility model is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the utility model being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.|[0035] The principles and embodiments of the present utility model have been described in this specification with reference to specific examples, the description of which is only for the purpose of aiding in understanding the method of the present utility model and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present utility model to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the utility model. | Family Number|(108593562)|108593562|Abstract|(CN220495989U U)|The utility model discloses a seawater carbon sequestration device driven by renewable energy sources , which relates to the technical field of carbon sequestration devices and comprises a power generation module , a gas storage module , a reaction module and a pretreatment tank , the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power ; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater , the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank , and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module ; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater , and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after seawater electrolysis . According to the seawater carbon sequestration device driven by the renewable energy sources , the power generation module generates electric power by utilizing wind energy and solar energy in the ocean to supply power to the whole device , and the generated redundant electric power can be merged into a power grid ; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater ; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater , so that the seawater can be electrolyzed to generate hydrogen . |Title|(CN220495989U U)|Renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device | | Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy|Environmental technology | B01D-053/18|C02F-001/461|C02F-001/66|C02F-101/10|C02F-103/08|H02J-003/38|H02J-007/35 | B01D-053/18|C02F-001/461|C02F-001/66|C02F-101/10|C02F-103/08|H02J-003/38|H02J-007/35 | CN116920577 | CN116920577 106967885 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=R | GRANTED | (CN220495989)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN220495989)|ALIVE | (CN220495989)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN220495989|Actual or expected expiration date=2033-07-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-07-27|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202321996438|Application date=2023-07-27|Standardized application number=2023CN-U1996438|Event publication date=2024-02-20|Event code=CN/U|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Registered Utility Model|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN220495989|Publication stage code=U|Publication date=2024-02-20|Standardized publication number=CN220495989U|Event publication date=2024-02-20|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN220495989)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=TIBu/CuuJkvDwnRWAHLCd6qLeopS8oZMbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000071540778&ekey=2377&xpn=CN220495989U&kind=U | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=RsoeACihxlt3RkoY%252BJ%252B83LmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN220495989)|CN | (CN220495989)|NAME=TIANJING UNIV , COUNTRY=CN | (CN220495989)|NAME=HE CHENG;FANG & ASSOCIATES , REG=11385 | (CN220495989)|NAME=DENG SHUAI|NAME=WANG ZHIHENG|NAME=CHEN JIAHUAN|NAME=HUANG YUXUAN|NAME=CUI YIMING|NAME=YOU JUNRUI|NAME=WANG SHUOCHEN|NAME=LI ZHENWEI | Titre: (CN220495989)|Renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device Résumé: (CN220495989)|The utility model discloses a seawater carbon sequestration device driven by renewable energy sources, which relates to the technical field of carbon sequestration devices and comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after seawater electrolysis. According to the seawater carbon sequestration device driven by the renewable energy sources, the power generation module generates electric power by utilizing wind energy and solar energy in the ocean to supply power to the whole device, and the generated redundant electric power can be merged into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater, so that the seawater can be electrolyzed to generate hydrogen. | 4.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a seawater carbon sequestration device that uses renewable energy and electrolytic treatment, without mentioning iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN220495989)|1 | (CN220495989)|9 | (CN220495989)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN220495989)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN220495989)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-02-20|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-0801|Number of Pages: NPAGES=7| | (CN220495989)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN220495989U)|Utility model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | JP2010198698 | JP2010198698 | JP5682906|JP2012056983 | 33486043 | JP5682906 B2 2015-03-11 [JP5682906]|JP2012056983 A 2012-03-22 [JP2012056983] | 2010-09-06 | 2010-09-06 | 2015-03-11|2012-03-22 | (JP5682906)|2015-03-11 | (JP5682906)|2030-09-06 | (JP5682906)|Iron chelate-generating coating, iron chelate-generating material using same, and method for improving bioenvironment in water | (JP5682906)|PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an iron chelate generating coating material which continuously generates iron ions and allows generated iron ions to exist in water in an ionic state, and which is easily fixed at a predetermined position without being affected by water stream such as ocean current or rise and fall of the tide and thereby achieves the continuous generation of iron ions at a desired position, to provide an iron chelate generating material using the iron chelate generating coating material, and to provide a method for improving an underwater biological environment.SOLUTION: The iron chelate generating coating material contains a film forming component, an iron powder, a carbon powder and a chelating material. The iron chelate generating material is obtained by forming a coating film formed from the iron chelate generating coating material on a support which is capable of being retained in water so as not to be swept away by water stream. The method for improving an underwater biological environment includes retaining the iron chelate generating material in water.COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT | HINOMARU CARBO TECHNO|HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY | (JP5682906)|HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY|HINOMARU CARBO TECHNO CO LTD|(JP2012056983)|HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY|HINOMARU CARBO TECHNO CO LTD | NAGANUMA TAKESHI|KAWASHIRI YOSHITAKA | (JP5682906)|NAGANUMA TAKESHI|KAWASHIRI YOSHITAKA|(JP2012056983)|NAGANUMA TAKESHI|KAWASHIRI YOSHITAKA | (JP5682906)|MATSUMOTO Takehiko|Reg. Nb: 100073461 | (JP5682906)|The use of calcined inorganic powders has the advantage of reducing water quality.|However, with the known technology described above, the mixture of iron and carbon is simply filled in the cell-containing concrete, and thus the mixture is easily flowed by a water flow such as ocean current or bleeding; There are problems in that contact between iron and carbon is released, and it is difficult to continuously generate iron ions. furthermore, there are problems in that iron is prone to rust, so the generation of iron ions ends in a short period of time, and the like.|It is possible to use thin wood or waste materials that are difficult to use as wood products and are inexpensive.|The present inventors conducted diligent research to solve the problems described above, and obtained the following findings to complete the present invention.| | (JP5682906)|1. Contain film forming components, iron powder, charcoal powder, and chelating materialWherein the film forming component is an acrylic resin emulsion, and the chelating material is shochu residue (scum) and/or citrus residue.Iron chelate-generating paint.|2. The coal powder is at least one type of powder selected from charcoal, pitch coke, activated carbon, and bamboo coal.To 1The iron-chelate-generating paint described in [1].| | (JP5682906)|In addition, the present invention provides an iron ion eluent that generates divalent iron ions in water by being immersed in water as a technique capable of maintaining efficient iron ion elution at a constant rate for a long period of time, wherein An iron ion eluent formed by mixing and solidifying powdered iron and charcoal together with a water-soluble binder such as starch glue has also been proposed. the iron ion eluent is formed into a plate shape by solidifying with a water-insoluble binder such as clay powder (see Patent Document 3).|The present invention relates to an iron chelate-generating coating that generates iron chelates in water, an iron chelate-generating material using the same, and a method for improving bioenvironment in water. It has been found that it is effective to supply iron ions to water in order to improve the water environment.| | (JP5682906)|IRON CHELATE(100,97)|FILM FORMING COMPONENT(100,20)|GENERATING PAINT(100,18)|CHARCOAL(100,17)|CHELATING MATERIAL(100,16)|IRON POWDER(100,16)|ACTIVATED CARBON(100,9)|PROP 2 ENOIC ACID(100,9)|BIOENVIRONMENT(100,8)|POWDER(100,7)|COKE(100,6)|BAMBOO COAL(100,5)|COAL POWDER(100,5)|CHARCOAL POWDER(100,4)|PROP 2 ENOIC ACID EMULSION(100,4)|RESIDUE(100,4)|IRON ION ELUENT(100,3)|CITRUS RESIDUE(100,1)|COATING GENERATION(100,1)|SCUM(100,1)|DILIGENT RESEARCH(59,1)|DIVALENT IRON ION(55,1)|STARCH GLUE(49,1)|IRON ION ELUTION(48,2)|CALCINED INORGANIC POWDER(43,9)|CLAY POWDER(42,1)|ION ELUTION(42,1)|IRON ION(38,25)|IRON CHELATE GENERATOR(35,3)|THIN WOOD(29,1)|CONCRETE(25,1)|WATER INSOLUBLE BINDER(25,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(21,12)|DIALGA THALASSIOSIRA WEISSFLOGII PRECULTURE(21,1)|BLEEDING(20,3)|SUPPORT MEMBER(20,2)|TREE PILE(18,5)|WATER SOLUBLE BINDER(18,2)|SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE(17,2)|CONSTANT RATE(17,1)|SHOCHU CHU REGRIND(17,1)|SHOCHU DEBRIS(16,4)|WATER ENVIRONMENT(16,4)|CARBONIZED PINE SEED SHELL(16,1)|AQUACULTURE RAFT(15,2)|PLANT PLANKTON GROWTH(15,2)|AQUATIC RESOURCE PROLIFERATION(14,1)|PLATE SHAPE(14,1)|CITRUS DEBRIS(13,3)|CITRUS FRUIT WRINGING DEBRIS(13,1)|WOOD PRODUCT(13,1)|CHELATING COMPONENT(12,10)|CARBONIZED PINE REAL SHELL(12,1)|CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY(12,1)|PLANT PLANKTON INDICATOR(12,1)|WATER QUALITY REDUCTION(12,1)|WOODPILE(11,7)|GLUCOSE FORMULATION(11,3)|CITRUS FRUIT DEBRIS(11,2)|DEFENSE FACILITY(11,2)|INORGANIC MICROPARTICLE(11,2)|WATER RESOURCE(11,2)|WATER FLOW(10,8)|IRON ION SUPPLY(10,7)|PULVERIZATION(10,6)|PLANKTON IC(10,2)|SUPPORTING MEMBER SHAPE(10,1)|IRON CHELATE COMPOUND(9,6)|STEAM ACTIVATION(9,3)|BAMBOO CARBON POWDER(9,2)|CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE VALUE(9,2)|EARTH KILN(9,2)|IRON ION END(9,2)|METHANEDIONE REDUCTION(9,2)|PITCH COKE(9,2)|REDDISH WOOD(9,2)|ANIMAL PLANKTON GENERATION(9,1)|CALCINING KILN(9,1)|CARBONIZE PINE SOLID SHELL(9,1)|CELLED CONCRETE(9,1)|CITRUS REGRIND(9,1)|FAMILY PINE FAMILY PLANT(9,1)|FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING(9,1)|LACQUER PAINT(9,1)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(9,1)|UNSTAKED BLANK(9,1)|YOUNG SHELLFISH(9,1)|ACTIVATED CHARCOAL POWDER(8,4)|BINCHI COAL(8,1)|COLLOIDAL PRECIPITATE(8,1)|FRUIT CHARCOAL(8,1)|GLOBAL WARMING SUPPRESSION(8,1)|INCOMING SEAWATER(8,1)|IRON ION INGESTION(8,1)|PINE BARB(8,1)|PLANT PLANKTON CULTURE SOLUTION(8,1)|PLANT PLANKTON NUTRIENT SOURCE(8,1)|PULVERIZED GLASS CERAMIC(8,1)|REAGENT A5ML(8,1)|REAGENT B900ML(8,1)|TIDE FILLING(8,1)|TREE STAKE(8,1)|WASTE MATERIAL(8,1)|SOLID CONTENT(7,8)|SUPPLYING ION(7,7)|DETECTION TUBE(7,5)|FILM FORMABILITY(7,2)|WOOD CHIP CARBIDE POWDER(7,2)|SUPER SIX(6,6)|IRON CHELATION(6,4)|AERATED CONCRETE(6,3)|ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER CULTURE MEDIUM(6,3)|GENERATED IRON ION(6,3)|IRON ION GENERATION(6,3)|IRON DISSOLUTION(6,2)|SEA FLOOR(6,2)|AEROBIC ATMOSPHERE(6,1)|BIOENVIRONMENTAL(6,1)|CALCINING ATMOSPHERE(6,1)|CARBONIZATION TREATMENT(6,1)|CELLULAR CONCRETE(6,1)|CHARCOAL PERIPHERY(6,1)|CHARCOAL POWDER BLENDING RATIO(6,1)|CHLORINATED RUBBER(6,1)|CIRCULAR SOCIETY FORMATION PROMOTION(6,1)|DRYING MODIFIER(6,1)|ELUTED IRON ION(6,1)|GLUCOSE BLENDING RATIO(6,1)|GROWTH PROMOTION(6,1)|IRON CASTING POWDER(6,1)|KAWA FLOOR(6,1)|KOJI MOLD(6,1)|LAKE FLOOR(6,1)|MARINE WASTE(6,1)|MUCIN IC(6,1)|ORGANISM ACTIVATION(6,1)|PIN NUT(6,1)|PINE BULB(6,1)|POLYURETHANE RESIN(6,1)|RED HEATED CHARCOAL(6,1)|SUN MALAYA(6,1)|UV ABSORBER(6,1)|WOOD CHIP CARBONIZATION(6,1)|DRY FILM THICKNESS(5,4)|ELECTROSTATIC COATING(5,4)|RIVER(5,4)|AQUATIC ORGANISM(5,2)|CEDARWOOD(5,2)|DEBACTEROL(5,2)|DISTILLATION(5,2)|FIRING TEMPERATURE(5,2)|FISH REEF STRUCTURE(5,2)|OYSTER(5,2)|PARTICLE DIAMETER(5,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,2)|TETRABLOCK(5,2)|CARBONIZATION CONDITION(5,1)|ELECTRONEGATIVITY(5,1)|ENHANCE PLACEMENT(5,1)|ESTER GUM(5,1)|FERMENTATION LIQUID(5,1)|INTERNAL SEED(5,1)|IRON ATOM(5,1)|KOJI PRODUCTION(5,1)|ORDINARY CHARCOAL PRODUCTION(5,1)|ORGANIC MATTER MINERALIZATION(5,1)|ORGANIC PRECIPITATE(5,1)|PINE NUT SHELL(5,1)|POLYETHYLENE WAX(5,1)|PRIMARY FERMENTATION(5,1)|PULVERIZER(5,1)|RAW WOOD(5,1)|SULFIDE COMPOUND(5,1)|SUPPLYING IRON ION(5,1)|GRAPHITE(4,3)|RICE(4,3)|SECONDARY FERMENTATION(4,3)|AQUATIC PLANT(4,2)|BRICK(4,2)|COAST(4,2)|UNITY(4,2)|ALLOY IRON POWDER(4,1)|BAKING(4,1)|BAMBOO CHARCOAL(4,1)|BEESWAX(4,1)|BEVERAGE(4,1)|CALCINATION(4,1)|CALCINING TEMPERATURE(4,1)|CARBIDE POROUS STRUCTURE(4,1)|CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE(4,1)|CARNAUBA WAX(4,1)|CATFISH(4,1)|CHARCOAL FUNCTION(4,1)|CHELATING IRON ION FUNCTION(4,1)|CHELATING MATERIAL FORMULATION(4,1)|CHLORINE GAS(4,1)|COATING TREATMENT(4,1)|COLORANT(4,1)|CONSUMER(4,1)|CRUMBLING(4,1)|DETECTION PIPE(4,1)|DISPOSAL(4,1)|EMULSION(4,1)|FATTY ACID AMIDE(4,1)|FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR(4,1)|FIREWOOD(4,1)|FLAME RETARDANT(4,1)|FLAT KILN(4,1)|FLUOROMETER(4,1)|GILSONITE(4,1)|IMPURITY(4,1)|INCINERATION(4,1)||(JP2012056983)|IRON CHELATE(100,105)|BIOENVIRONMENT(100,10)|IRON ION ELUENT(100,3)|COATING GENERATION(100,1)|DILIGENT RESEARCH(59,1)|DIVALENT IRON ION(55,1)|STARCH GLUE(49,1)|IRON ION ELUTION(48,2)|IRON ION(47,27)|CALCINED INORGANIC POWDER(43,9)|CLAY POWDER(42,1)|ION ELUTION(42,1)|CHARCOAL POWDER(36,4)|BAMBOO COAL(34,5)|CITRUS DEBRIS(33,3)|COATING FILM(29,15)|BLEEDING(29,4)|THIN WOOD(29,1)|CHELATE GENERATING PAINT(28,1)|IRON POWDER(27,17)|OCEAN CURRENT(27,13)|CONCRETE(25,1)|WATER INSOLUBLE BINDER(25,1)|CHELATING MATERIAL(22,16)|ORAL CARE(22,1)|DIALGA THALASSIOSIRA WEISSFLOGII PRECULTURE(21,1)|TREE PILE(18,5)|GENERATED IRON ION(18,4)|WATER PAINT(18,2)|WATER SOLUBLE BINDER(18,2)|SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE(17,2)|CONSTANT RATE(17,1)|SHOCHU CHU REGRIND(17,1)|SHOCHU DEBRIS(16,4)|WATER ENVIRONMENT(16,4)|CARBONIZED PINE SEED SHELL(16,1)|SUPPORT MEMBER(16,1)|AQUACULTURE RAFT(15,2)|PLANT PLANKTON GROWTH(15,2)|AQUATIC RESOURCE PROLIFERATION(14,1)|PLATE SHAPE(14,1)|SUPPORTING SHAPE(14,1)|CITRUS FRUIT WRINGING DEBRIS(13,1)|WOOD PRODUCT(13,1)|CHELATING COMPONENT(12,10)|CARBONIZED PINE REAL SHELL(12,1)|CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY(12,1)|PLANT PLANKTON INDICATOR(12,1)|WATER QUALITY REDUCTION(12,1)|WATER FLOW(11,8)|WOODPILE(11,7)|GLUCOSE FORMULATION(11,3)|CITRUS FRUIT DEBRIS(11,2)|DEFENSE FACILITY(11,2)|INORGANIC MICROPARTICLE(11,2)|WATER RESOURCE(11,2)|IRON ION SUPPLY(10,7)|PULVERIZATION(10,6)|PLANKTON IC(10,2)|IRON CHELATE COMPOUND(9,6)|STEAM ACTIVATION(9,3)|BAMBOO CARBON POWDER(9,2)|CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE VALUE(9,2)|EARTH KILN(9,2)|IRON ION END(9,2)|METHANEDIONE REDUCTION(9,2)|PITCH COKE(9,2)|REDDISH WOOD(9,2)|ANIMAL PLANKTON GENERATION(9,1)|CALCINING KILN(9,1)|CARBONIZE PINE SOLID SHELL(9,1)|CELLED CONCRETE(9,1)|CITRUS REGRIND(9,1)|FAMILY PINE FAMILY PLANT(9,1)|FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING(9,1)|LACQUER PAINT(9,1)|MICROORGANISM LIVING(9,1)|UNSTAKED BLANK(9,1)|YOUNG SHELLFISH(9,1)|ACTIVATED CHARCOAL POWDER(8,4)|BINCHI COAL(8,1)|COLLOIDAL PRECIPITATE(8,1)|FRUIT CHARCOAL(8,1)|GLOBAL WARMING SUPPRESSION(8,1)|INCOMING SEAWATER(8,1)|IRON ION INGESTION(8,1)|PINE BARB(8,1)|PLANT PLANKTON CULTURE SOLUTION(8,1)|PLANT PLANKTON NUTRIENT SOURCE(8,1)|PULVERIZED GLASS CERAMIC(8,1)|REAGENT A5ML(8,1)|REAGENT B900ML(8,1)|TIDE FILLING(8,1)|TREE STAKE(8,1)|WASTE MATERIAL(8,1)|MATERIAL GENERATION(7,17)|SOLID CONTENT(7,8)|SUPPLYING ION(7,7)|DETECTION TUBE(7,5)|FILM FORMABILITY(7,2)|WOOD CHIP CARBIDE POWDER(7,2)|SUPER SIX(6,6)|IRON CHELATION(6,4)|AERATED CONCRETE(6,3)|ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER CULTURE MEDIUM(6,3)|IRON ION GENERATION(6,3)|WATER STREAM(6,3)|IRON DISSOLUTION(6,2)|SEA FLOOR(6,2)|AEROBIC ATMOSPHERE(6,1)|BIOENVIRONMENTAL(6,1)|CALCINING ATMOSPHERE(6,1)|CARBONIZATION TREATMENT(6,1)|CELLULAR CONCRETE(6,1)|CHARCOAL PERIPHERY(6,1)|CHARCOAL POWDER BLENDING RATIO(6,1)|CHLORINATED RUBBER(6,1)|CIRCULAR SOCIETY FORMATION PROMOTION(6,1)|DRYING MODIFIER(6,1)|ELUTED IRON ION(6,1)|GLUCOSE BLENDING RATIO(6,1)|GROWTH PROMOTION(6,1)|IRON CASTING POWDER(6,1)|KAWA FLOOR(6,1)|KOJI MOLD(6,1)|LAKE FLOOR(6,1)|MARINE WASTE(6,1)|MUCIN IC(6,1)|ORGANISM ACTIVATION(6,1)|PIN NUT(6,1)|PINE BULB(6,1)|POLYURETHANE RESIN(6,1)|RED HEATED CHARCOAL(6,1)|SUN MALAYA(6,1)|UV ABSORBER(6,1)|WOOD CHIP CARBONIZATION(6,1)|FILM FORMING COMPONENT(5,20)|DRY FILM THICKNESS(5,4)|ELECTROSTATIC COATING(5,4)|RIVER(5,4)|AQUATIC ORGANISM(5,2)|CEDARWOOD(5,2)|DEBACTEROL(5,2)|DISTILLATION(5,2)|FIRING TEMPERATURE(5,2)|FISH REEF STRUCTURE(5,2)|OYSTER(5,2)|PARTICLE DIAMETER(5,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,2)|TETRABLOCK(5,2)|CARBONIZATION CONDITION(5,1)|ELECTRONEGATIVITY(5,1)|ENHANCE PLACEMENT(5,1)|ESTER GUM(5,1)|FERMENTATION LIQUID(5,1)|INTERNAL SEED(5,1)|IRON ATOM(5,1)|IRON CHELATE GENERATOR(5,1)|KOJI PRODUCTION(5,1)|ORDINARY CHARCOAL PRODUCTION(5,1)|ORGANIC MATTER MINERALIZATION(5,1)|ORGANIC PRECIPITATE(5,1)|PINE NUT SHELL(5,1)|POLYETHYLENE WAX(5,1)|PRIMARY FERMENTATION(5,1)|PULVERIZER(5,1)|RAW WOOD(5,1)|SULFIDE COMPOUND(5,1)|SUPPLYING IRON ION(5,1)|FAN(4,3)|GRAPHITE(4,3)|RICE(4,3)|SECONDARY FERMENTATION(4,3)|AQUATIC PLANT(4,2)|BRICK(4,2)|COAST(4,2)|UNITY(4,2)|ALLOY IRON POWDER(4,1)|BAKING(4,1)|BAMBOO CHARCOAL(4,1)|BEESWAX(4,1)|BEVERAGE(4,1)|CALCINATION(4,1)|CALCINING TEMPERATURE(4,1)|CARBIDE POROUS STRUCTURE(4,1)|CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE(4,1)|CARNAUBA WAX(4,1)|CATFISH(4,1)|CHARCOAL FUNCTION(4,1)|CHELATING IRON ION FUNCTION(4,1)|CHELATING MATERIAL FORMULATION(4,1)|CHLORINE GAS(4,1)|COATING TREATMENT(4,1)|COLORANT(4,1)|CONSUMER(4,1)|CRUMBLING(4,1)|DETECTION PIPE(4,1)|DISPOSAL(4,1)|EMULSION(4,1)|FATTY ACID AMIDE(4,1)|FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR(4,1)|FIREWOOD(4,1)|FLAME RETARDANT(4,1)|FLAT KILN(4,1)|FLUOROMETER(4,1)|GILSONITE(4,1)|IMPURITY(4,1)|INCINERATION(4,1)| | (JP5682906)|1. Contain film forming components, iron powder, charcoal powder, and chelating materialWherein the film forming component is an acrylic resin emulsion, and the chelating material is shochu residue (scum) and/or citrus residue.Iron chelate-generating paint.|2. The coal powder is at least one type of powder selected from charcoal, pitch coke, activated carbon, and bamboo coal.To 1The iron-chelate-generating paint described in [1].|3. The charcoal is activated charcoal.2The iron chelate-generating paint according to claim 1.|4. Glucose3The iron chelate-generating paint according to any one of (1) to (d).|5. From claims 1 to 24An iron chelate-generating material obtained by forming a coating film comprising the iron chelate-generating coating described in any one of (1) to (d) on a substrate capable of being retained in water so as not to flow by a water flow.|6. The shape of the supporting member is a shape that can be driven into the earth.5The iron chelate generator of claim 1.|7. The supporting member does not easily move under its own weight.5Or6The iron chelate generator of claim 1.|8. Claims5From7A method for improving bioenvironment in water, the method comprising allowing the iron chelate generating material described in any one of (1) to remain in water. | (JP5682906)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to an iron chelate-generating coating that generates iron chelates in water, an iron chelate-generating material using the same, and a method for improving bioenvironment in water.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] It has been found that it is effective to supply iron ions to water in order to improve the water environment. That is, since an increase in plant plankton causes an increase in plant plankton and microorganisms, it is expected that the purification of colloidal precipitates (hydro) on the bottom of the river and lake and the increase in aquatic resources are promoted. Furthermore, since plant planktons consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen by photosynthesis, they are expected to contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide in water, and thus to the suppression of global warming, in the atmosphere. This is because planktonic thus contributes to improving the water environment and is not only by producers in food chains but it has been found that iron ions are essential as a nutrient source for the planktonic.|[0003] Therefore, as a method for preventing short burning of a defense facility that uses iron or an iron compound to grow seaweed, a method is known in which a coating material containing at least one of iron, an iron compound, or an iron chelate compound is applied to an outer surface of the defense facility (see Patent Document 1). Although this technology is said to elute iron ions from iron, iron compounds, or iron chelate compounds, it is understood that in reality, any one of the iron, iron compounds, or iron chelate compounds alone does not have a sufficient effect, and the dissolved iron is increased by using iron or iron compound in combination with the iron chelate compound. That is, "ferric ions are eluted from the iron or iron compound of the coating film 2 ', and the ferric ions are eluted from the iron or iron compound of the coating film 2 ', and the iron chelate compound or other iron reduction promoting substances such as EDTA, sulfide compounds, tannic acid, plant plankton, or the like; Ferric iron is reduced to ferric iron, resulting in an increase in dissolved iron. "|[0004] Thus, the iron-chelating compound is not intended to provide a stable presence of iron ions. In addition, as a means for supplying iron ions into water, a fish reef made of aerated concrete obtained by blending iron oxide and a foam base material into cement, molding, and solidifying has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2). This cellular concrete has continuous voids having a large surface area inside, and can be used for the body of a fish reef. This technology is a technology in which iron ions are eluted by filling a hollow part of this celled concrete fish reef body with a mixture of iron and a substance having a higher potential than iron, for example, graphite, activated carbon, or the like, and immersing the mixture in seawater.|[0005] When a fish reef structure is formed by providing a hollow part in any location in the aerated concrete, and the aerated concrete is submerged on the sea floor, seawater freely enters and exits the fish reef structure, and a large amount of oxygen is supplied together with the incoming seawater. as a result, the hollow part and voids can be maintained in an aerobic atmosphere. Therefore, a large amount of microorganisms living in the seawater adhere to and propagate in the hollow portion, the voids, and the surface of the cell-containing concrete to form a biological film layer. This biological film layer decomposes organic matter in the seawater and advances the mineralization of the organic matter, thereby promoting the growth of seaweed and microorganisms. as a result, the biological environment in the water is improved. However, with the known technology described above, the mixture of iron and carbon is simply filled in the cell-containing concrete, and thus the mixture is easily flowed by a water flow such as ocean current or bleeding; There are problems in that contact between iron and carbon is released, and it is difficult to continuously generate iron ions. furthermore, there are problems in that iron is prone to rust, so the generation of iron ions ends in a short period of time, and the like.|[0006] In addition, the present invention provides an iron ion eluent that generates divalent iron ions in water by being immersed in water as a technique capable of maintaining efficient iron ion elution at a constant rate for a long period of time, wherein An iron ion eluent formed by mixing and solidifying powdered iron and charcoal together with a water-soluble binder such as starch glue has also been proposed. the iron ion eluent is formed into a plate shape by solidifying with a water-insoluble binder such as clay powder (see Patent Document 3). However, in the technology of Patent Document 3 described above, the eluted iron ions are easily oxidized, and therefore become iron oxides or the like that are poorly soluble in water, and coagulate and precipitate. Therefore, plant planktons cannot sufficiently ingest iron ions, and the objects such as promoting growth and activation of other aquatic organisms and purifying water quality are not sufficiently achieved.|[0007] In addition, according to the technology of Patent Document 3 described above, by making the shape of the iron ion supply body plate-like, it is possible to suppress the iron ion supply body from sinking into mud or sludge accumulated in the ocean floor or the bottom of a river, and it is possible to enhance the placement of the iron ion supply body without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or the flow of redness. however, there is still room for improvement. That is, in the iron ion supply body described in the technology of Patent Document 3, the water-soluble binder gradually dissolves in water, and iron gradually elutes as iron ions. therefore, the iron ion supply body tends to be hollowed inside and the weight of the iron ion supply body tends to be reduced, and the iron ion supply body tends to flow by the water flow.|CITATION LIST|PATENT LITERATURE|[0008] PATENT CITATIONS |JP 07-127029 a|JP 06-206804 a|JP 2007-268511 a|SUMMARY OF INVENTION|TECHNICAL PROBLEM|[0009] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by a method in which iron ions can be continuously generated, the generated iron ions can be made to exist in water in an ionic state, and moreover, the present invention is not affected by water flow such as ocean current or redness; To provide an iron chelate-generating coating that can be easily fixed at a predetermined position and that can continuously generate iron ions at a desired position, an iron chelate-generating material using the same, and a method for improving bioenvironment in water.|TECHNICAL SOLUTION|[0010] The present inventors conducted diligent research to solve the problems described above, and obtained the following findings to complete the present invention. First, the problem that iron ions become iron oxide and thus the generation of iron ions ends in a short period of time can be solved by generating iron ions in a chelated state. This is because the iron chelate does not easily become iron oxide. Furthermore, allowing the iron ion generating mechanism to remain at a desired position for a long period of time without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or redness can be eliminated by forming a coating film made from the iron chelate-generating coating on a substrate capable of being retained in water so as not to flow by the water flow. This is because, because the substrate can be retained in water, the retained state is not released even if the coating film made from the iron chelate-generating coating material dissolves. When an iron chelate-generating material that can remain in water is employed as an iron ion generating mechanism in this manner, iron ions can be continuously generated for a long period of time, and the generated iron ions can be made to exist in water in an ionic state for a long period of time as chelates. That is, the water quality environment at a desired location can be improved over an extended period of time without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or redness.|[0011] The present invention has been completed through these observations. That is, the iron chelate-generating coating according to the present invention contains a film forming component, iron powder, carbon powder, and chelating material.In addition, the film-forming component is an acrylic resin emulsion, and the chelating material is shochu debris (debris) and/or citrus debris.. Furthermore, the iron chelate-generating material of the present invention is obtained by forming a coating film made from the iron chelate-generating coating material of the present invention on a substrate that can be retained in water so as not to flow by a water stream. Furthermore, the method for improving bioenvironment in water according to the present invention is to keep the iron chelate-generating material of the present invention in water.|[0012] Note that the technology of Patent Document 1 described above is seemingly similar to the present invention in that the technology of Patent Document 1 adopts a paint form and suggests the use of an iron chelate compound, but as described above, this technology differs from the present invention in that carbon is not used. furthermore, The iron chelate compound is used as a reducing agent for reducing ferric iron ions eluted from iron or iron compounds to ferric iron ions, and this point is also a technique completely different from that of the present invention in which iron ions are stabilized by chelating with a chelating material.|ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS|[0013] The iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention can continuously generate iron ions for a long period of time, and the generated iron ions can be present in water as a chelate in an ionic state. Moreover, because the object to be coated is a coating, by appropriately selecting the object to be coated, the object to be coated can be easily fixed at a predetermined position without being affected by water flow such as ocean current or bleeding. The iron chelate-generating material and the bioenvironment improvement method using the same of the present invention select, as the object to be coated, a supporting body that can be retained in water so as not to flow in a water flow, and therefore it is possible to continuously generate iron ions at a desired position over a long period of time without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or redness.|DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0014] Depicts an iron chelate generator according to the present invention; Is a graph showing the test results of iron chelate generating material (1) in Performance Evaluation 1 of the Examples. Is a graph showing the test results of performance evaluation 2 of the examples.|DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS|[0015] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The scope of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions, and examples other than the examples described below may be appropriately modified and implemented within a range that does not impair the spirit of the present invention. Iron chelate-generating paint: The iron chelate-generating paint according to the present invention continuously generates iron chelates when formed into a coating film. specifically, the iron chelate-generating paint includes a film-forming component, iron powder and carbon powder for generating iron ions, and a chelating material for chelating iron ions. as necessary, the iron chelate-generating paint according to the present invention may also include other paint components. Glucose is preferably also included.|[0016] < Film Forming Component > Examples of the film-forming component include polyester resins, alkyd resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, polyurethane resins, phenolic resins, petroleum resins, vinyl resins, polyamide resins, nitrocellulose, Synthetic resins such as chlorinated rubbers; natural resins such as rosin, gilsonite, and ester gums; and one type or two or more types of these may be used in combination. As described below, the iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention preferably dissolves easily in water, and is preferably a water-based paint in consideration of recent environmental issues. From this perspective, the film-forming component is preferably an emulsion type of polyester resin, alkyd resin, acrylic resin, or the like, and is particularly preferably an acrylic resin emulsion.|[0017] < Iron powder > The iron powder may be a powder containing iron atoms, and may be an alloy or an oxide. Examples thereof include fine powdered iron powder, crushed machined alloy iron powder, iron casting powder, and the like. The particle diameter of the iron powder is preferably from 10 to 50 μm. < coal powder > The coal powder may be any powder containing carbon atoms, and examples thereof include powders such as charcoal, pitch coke, activated carbon, and bamboo coal. in addition, various powders such as graphite and coal can be used.|[0018] A powder of charcoal, pitch coke, activated carbon, and bamboo coal is particularly preferably used. A material in which the film-forming component and the coal powder are mixed may be used, such as in "chaco-paint" (trade name, manufactured by Nihon Sangyo Co., Ltd.) containing the activated charcoal powder and the film-forming component (acrylic resin emulsion), and each powder of pitch coke, activated charcoal, and bamboo charcoal may be mixed therein. thus, the mixing form thereof is not particularly limited. The particle diameter of the charcoal powder is preferably from 10 to 50 μm. (charcoal) charcoal is a solid product mainly composed of carbon obtained by carbonizing wood.|[0019] As the coal powder made from the charcoal, a powder obtained by pulverizing wood chips, that is, wood chip carbide obtained by carbonizing chips of wood can be used. Softwood materials such as cedar wood, sunmalaya cedar wood, and reddish wood are mainly used as raw wood for wood chips, and reddish wood is particularly preferable. It is possible to use thin wood or waste materials that are difficult to use as wood products and are inexpensive. Wood chip products industrially produced in large quantities can also be used as raw materials for pulp production or board building materials. Basically, a technique common to a typical method for producing charcoal can be used for the carbonization method of wood chips. Specifically, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No.2561433 can be applied.|[0020] The resulting wood chip carbide is a porous structure having slight pores inside. Wood chip carbide can be crushed to produce coal powder having an adjusted particle size. Normal pulverization means are employed for pulverization. A difference occurs in the porous structure of the carbide depending on conditions such as the raw material of the wood chips, carbonization, pulverization, or grain size. Wood chip carbide powder having desired properties can be selected or a combination of a plurality of types of wood chip carbide powders having different properties can be used in accordance with the intended use and required performance. The firing temperature of the wood chip carbide is not particularly limited, and may be set to, for example, approximately 600 °C or higher. By subjecting the surface of the carbon powder to surface treatment with a coupling agent, it is possible to improve the adhesion to the film forming components described above.|[0021] Examples of the coal powder made from charcoal include Binchi coal, carbon powder obtained by carbonizing and pulverizing pine solid shells, and the like. "Pine nut shell" constitutes the nut of plants of the family Pine family, such as red pine, black pine, and blue mackerel, and is also referred to as so-called pine barbs or pine bulbs, and is a scale-like hard material portion constituting the outer shell. The shell contains an original seed called a pinning nut in the narrow sense. Ordinary charcoal production techniques are applied to carbonized pine real shells. Specifically, a pine solid shell is placed in a flat kiln or an earth kiln for charcoal production, and fuel such as firewood is burned and heated to carbonized the pine solid shell. Carbonization temperature is typically preferably set to about 450 to 500 °C. The pine seed shell used in carbonization treatment preferably does not contain the original seed portion, but may contain a seed portion within a range that does not hinder the object of the present invention. To obtain only pine real shells, the internal seed portion may be extracted by dividing the pine real shells. In addition, if the entire pine nut including the seed portion is crushed and squeezed, and the seed portion is removed as an oil or liquid portion, only the shell portion is obtained as a residue.|[0022] The shell of carbonized pine seeds is crushed into carbon powder. Pulverization is preferably performed on the carbide that has been dried after carbonization has been completed. A typical pulverizer is used for pulverization. Note that the shell of the pine seed can be pulverized to a certain size in advance before carbonization, and carbon powder can be obtained by further pulverizing the shell after carbonization. Activated charcoal can also be used as the charcoal. Activated charcoal is charcoal that has been physically and chemically activated by appropriately setting the raw materials of the charcoal, carbonization conditions, and the like. The method of producing activated charcoal includes a low-temperature carbonization step of carbonizing wood chips by heat treatment at 450 to 550 °C; a high-temperature carbonization step of further carbonizing the carbide of the wood chips by heat treatment at 800 to 900 °C for 480 to 960 seconds following the low-temperature carbonization step; and an activating step of bringing the carbide into contact with water at the end of the high-temperature carbonization step.|[0023] The technology disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.2000-226207, for example, can be applied as a method for producing such activated charcoal. (Pitch coke) Pitch coke is coke produced using pitch obtained by distilling coal tar or petroleum as a raw material. It is a material used in the iron making field. Pitch coke contains carbon as a main component and has the same characteristics as charcoal. In particular, pitch coke having a carbon ratio of 98 % or greater has characteristics equal to or greater than that of charcoal. Pitch coke is less expensive than charcoal and the like.|[0024] (Activated carbon) Activated carbon is obtained by activating charcoal or the like. Examples of the activation method include steam activation and chemical activation, but steam activation is particularly preferable. Publicly known raw materials such as charcoal, fruit charcoal, coal, and pitch coke can be used as the raw material of the activated carbon, but it is particularly preferable to use coconut shell activated carbon using coconut shell as a raw material. Steam activation is performed by, for example, passing steam through a raw material such as charcoal at 1000 to 1200 °C.|[0025] Chemical activation is performed by, for example, drying and pulverizing a raw material such as charcoal, immersing the raw material in a solution such as zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, sulfurous acid, and alkali, and then calcining and carbonizing the raw material. Impurities may be washed with water and removed. Examples of other methods include a method of oxidizing a portion of a raw material by heating the raw material such as charcoal in air, carbon dioxide, or chlorine gas, a method of igniting the charcoal under reduced pressure, and a method of immersing red heated charcoal in water or nitric acid. (bamboo coal) bamboo coal can be obtained by baking a bamboo material, and the baking conditions thereof are not particularly limited.|[0026] For example, an earth kiln can be used as the calcination kiln. The firing temperature may be from 500 to 850 °C. The calcination time can be set to about 42 to 46 hours. The calcination atmosphere is usually in a natural state. Heat treatment can also be performed by changing conditions such as temperature during the heat treatment step. (Other Coals) In addition to those described above, various coals such as graphite and coal can be used as materials. < Chelating material > The "chelating material" in the present invention may be a material having a function of chelating iron ions, and a material containing chelating components may be used as the chelating material, as well as a chelating component itself may be used.|[0027] Examples of the material containing a chelating component include shochu chu debris, citrus fruit debris, rice, and the like. however, shochu chu debris and citrus fruit debris described below are particularly preferable. Shochu debris is a residue generated in the process of producing shochu. Typically, Showu is produced through the steps of koji production, primary fermentation, secondary fermentation, and distillation. First, koji mold is added to raw materials such as wheat, sweet potato, and rice, and cultured to produce koji (koji). Malt is fermented in a tank or the like to make it brittle (first fermentation). The raw materials described above are further loaded into the crumbling and fermented (secondary fermentation). The fermentation liquid produced in the secondary fermentation is distilled (distilled) to produce Shochu. The residue remaining after distillation is what is called a so-called shochu debris. Shochu debris consists of a mixture of distilled remaining liquid and solids.|[0028] Citrus debris is citrus fruit wringing debris, such as catfish. Debris discharged when processing citrus fruit as a raw material into food or beverages is used. Shochu debris and citrus debris are disposed of by marine waste, incineration, or the like, and are difficult to treat as waste, but these debris can be effectively reused as a material for iron chelate-generating paint or iron chelate-generating material. Therefore, the disposal costs of these waste products are also reduced, and this contributes to the promotion of circular-type society formation. Since chelating components are contained in the shochu chu regrind, citrus regrind, and gramines such as rice and wheat, these can be used as is as chelating materials for producing iron chelates, but as described above, The "chelating material" in the present invention also includes a case where the chelating component itself is referred to as a chelating component, and thus, for example, a case where the chelating component is extracted and isolated from such as those described above and used is also included within the scope of the present invention.|[0029] Note that the chelating component described above is not particularly limited, and any chelating component that has a ligand and that binds to iron ions to form a complex may be used. Preferable examples thereof include organic acids having two or more carboxyl groups. Preferable examples of such organic acids include oxalic acid, mucinic acid, citric acid, and the like, and one type or two or more types of these organic acids can be used in combination. Examples of the < other coating component > other component include glucose, baked inorganic powder, wax, colorant, filler, UV absorber, viscosity modifier, anti-aging agent, plasticizer, flame retardant, stabilizer, drying modifier, and the like. One type of these other components may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.|[0030] In particular, it is preferable to use glucose, and the use of glucose makes the generation of animal plankton noticeable and, in turn, promotes growth of fish and shellfish. The calcined inorganic powder is an inorganic powder obtained by calcining a raw material, and calcined inorganic microparticles having a very small particle size are preferable. The use of calcined inorganic powders has the advantage of reducing water quality. The calcined inorganic powder is present in the periphery of the charcoal and enhances the function thereof, and a high synergy can be expected. Specifically, a pulverized ceramic, glass, or the like obtained by calcining a natural raw material such as mineral, clay, or the like is used as the calcined inorganic powder. Only inorganic matter may be left behind by firing a raw material containing an organic matter and inorganic matter. The calcination temperature of the calcined inorganic powder is preferably high. Ordinarily, a heat treatment temperature of 800 °C or higher is preferable. The high-temperature calcined inorganic powder can achieve synergistic function improvement without impairing the function of the charcoal.|[0031] Calcined inorganic microparticles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, for example, can be used as the calcined inorganic powder. The wear resistance of the coating film surface can be improved by using a wax. Examples thereof include carnauba wax, beeswax, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, fatty acid amide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and the like. < Blending of Components > When an iron chelate-generating coating material using the Components described above as a material is used, for example, the following formulation is preferable.|[0032] The blending ratio of the iron powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 To 50 wt.%, and more preferably 30 to 20 wt.% with respect to the film-forming components (solid content), 35 wt%. If the compounded amount of the iron powder is less than 30 wt.%, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the compounded amount of the iron powder exceeds 50 wt.%, film formability may be inhibited, and it may be difficult to form a coating film. The blending ratio of the charcoal powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 To 50 wt.%, and more preferably 30 to 20 wt.% with respect to the film-forming components (solid content), 35 wt%. If the compounded amount of the carbon powder is less than 30 wt.%, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the compounded amount of the carbon powder is greater than 50 wt.%, the compounded amount of the carbon powder is relatively excessive with respect to the compounded amount of the iron powder, and thus the efficiency of generating iron ions and, as a result, the efficiency of generating iron chelates may decrease.|[0033] The blending ratio of the chelating material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3% or less relative to the film forming components (solid content). To 10 wt.%, and more preferably 3 to 5 wt.% with respect to the film forming components (solid content), 5 wt%. If the formulation of chelating material is less than 3% by weight, a sufficient amount of iron chelate may not be generated. On the other hand, when the compounded amount of the chelating material exceeds 10 wt.%, film formability may be inhibited, and it may be difficult to form a coating film. The blending ratio of glucose is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1% or less relative to the film-forming components (solid content). To 10 wt.%, and more preferably from 1 to 5 wt.% with respect to the film-forming components (solid content), 3 wt%. If the glucose formulation is less than 1% by weight, the effect of the glucose formulation may not be obtained. On the other hand, glucose formulations above 10% by weight can be costly.|[0034] The blending ratio of the calcined inorganic powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% or less relative to the film-forming components (solid content). To 30 wt.%, and more preferably 5 to 5 wt.% with respect to the film-forming components (solid content). 10 wt%. If the compounded amount of the calcined inorganic powder is less than 5 wt.%, the reducing power of the water quality may be weak. On the other hand, if the compounded amount of the calcined inorganic powder exceeds 30 wt.%, the balance between the iron powder and the carbon powder may become unstable. Furthermore, the compounded amount of the other coating components described above is not particularly limited. As described below, the iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention is preferably applied to materials such as bamboo, wood pile, and the like, work pieces such as coast, concrete pieces such as tetrablock, and the like as objects to be painted, and therefore, the iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention is preferably a room temperature drying type paint, and therefore is preferably a lacquer-type paint.|[0035] As described below, the iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention can be easily fixed at a predetermined position without being affected by a water flow such as ocean current or redness by using, in particular, a "supporting body that can be held in water so as not to flow in the water flow" as the object to be coated, but the object to be coated is not limited thereto. For example, gravel, Kawastoma, or the like may be used as the object to be coated as long as the object to be coated is a location where there is no risk of flowing due to the water flow due to ocean current, redness, or the like. The coating film of the iron chelate-generating coating of the present invention preferably dissolves easily in water, and is preferably a water-based coating in consideration of recent environmental issues. Specifically, the film forming component, the iron powder, the carbon powder, and the chelating material described above are preferably dispersed in water.|[0036] Iron chelate generating material: The iron chelate generating material according to the present invention is a preferred use mode of the iron chelate generating coating according to the present invention, and is obtained by forming a coating film comprising the iron chelate generating coating according to the present invention on a substrate which can be retained in water so as not to flow by a water stream. < support body > a "support body that can be held in water so as not to flow in a water flow" refers to, for example, a pile drivable into the ground (wood pile such as bamboo or the like, metal pile, or the like), a workpiece provided along a coast, a river, a lake, or the like for the purpose of revealing; In addition to fish nets and the like, concrete blocks such as tetrablocks and bricks that cannot flow under their own weight simply by placing them in place. That is, in cases where the vehicle is prevented from flowing due to its own weight, the vehicle may move slightly due to ocean current or the like, but this concept also includes such cases.|[0037] Of these, bamboo, wood pile, and the like are preferable because they are not so heavy that they can be transported easily, and if the tip portion thereof has a shape such as a cone or pyramid, it can be easily retained in water by being driven into the earth. The coating method when applying the iron chelate-generating coating to the substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include conventionally known methods such as air spray coating methods, air atomized electrostatic coating methods, airless electrostatic coating methods, direct coating methods using a brush or roller, relief printing methods, lithographic printing methods, flexographic printing methods, screen printing methods, and the like. The dry film thickness can be, for example, from 0.2 to 0.4 mm.|[0038] The iron chelate-generating material according to the present invention can be used, for example, by being disposed in water, the bottom, or the like of a river, a lake, or an ocean. When the coating film dissolves in water, iron, which has lower electronegativity than the charcoal, is oxidized and iron ions are eluted. Then, this iron ion forms a complex with the chelating component, and is stably present in water as an iron chelate. The iron chelate generating material continuously supplies iron ions, which are an important nutrient source of plant plankton, and the resulting iron ions are present as iron chelates and therefore float stably in water in an ionic state. As a result, the plant plankton, which is the basis of the food chain, becomes proliferated by ingestion of iron ions, which encourages activation of organisms in water that feed the plant plankton, and as a result, improves the water environment.|[0039] Specifically, for example, the growth of plant plankton promotes the growth and activity of animal plankton and aquatic organisms, which are the first consumer, in the food chain and, as a result, promotes purification such as serum and the like and proliferation of aquatic resources, leading to an improvement in water quality environment. The growth of aquatic plants is also promoted by improving the water environment, and these aquatic plants and plant planktons emit oxygen and consume carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Therefore, it also contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide, which is believed to be one cause of global warming as a greenhouse gas. As another method of using the iron chelate-generating material, the iron chelate-generating material may be arranged on an aquaculture raft or the like of shellfish such as oyster or young shellfish, and used in aquaculture of shellfish. When the iron chelate-generating material is disposed on the aquaculture raft, the iron chelates are produced, and thus the plant plankton can ingest iron as a nutrient source, which promotes growth of the plant plankton. Because this plant plankton is ingested as a food for oysters, gowks, or the like, the plant plankton can also be effectively used for aquaculture of such shellfish.|[0040] Method for improving bioenvironment in water: a method for improving bioenvironment in water in which the iron chelate-generating material according to the present invention is disposed in the water, bottom, or the like of a river, a lake, or an ocean will be described. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (a), an iron chelate-generating material 10 is given in which a pile drivable into the ground is used as a support body 11, and a coating film 12 made from an iron chelate-generating paint is formed on the surface of the pile. Such an iron chelate-generating material can be fixed by being driven into the ground surface 30 such as a kawa floor, a lake floor, or the like, and thus iron ions can be generated at a desired position without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or the filling of tide.|[0041] In addition, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (b), an iron chelate-generating material 20 obtained by forming a coating film 22 made of an iron chelate-generating paint on the surface of the iron chelate-generating material 20 using bricks as a support body 21 is also exemplified. With such an iron chelate-generating material, since the iron chelate-generating material cannot flow under its own weight by simply placing the iron chelate-generating material, iron ions can be generated at a desired position without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or bleeding. The coating films 12 and 22 made from the iron chelate-generating paint need not be formed over the entire surface of the support bodies 11 and 21, and may be formed on a portion of the portion of the support body 11 protruding from the ground, for example, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (a).|[0042] In such an iron chelate generating material, for example, a large number of iron chelate generating materials can be disposed in a matrix on the downstream side of the area where water quality is desired to be improved. From the perspective of ease of arrangement, it is preferable that the iron chelate-generating material be arranged in a time zone in which a downstream side or the like appears or in a time zone in which the water depth becomes shallower. The arrangement interval of the iron chelate-generating material depends on the size and shape of the iron chelate-generating material, and therefore may be appropriately adjusted. For example, when a large iron chelate generating material is used, the spacing may be increased. The arrangement of the iron chelate-generating material is not limited to these arrangement techniques, and various arrangement techniques can be employed as long as the iron chelates can be sufficiently spread over a range in which water quality is desired to be improved.|EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE|[0043] The present invention will be described in more detail below using examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Hereinafter, "parts by weight" may be simply referred to as "parts" for convenience. Example 1 (Iron chelation generating material using brick as a support body) "chacopaint" containing 2.5 parts of activated charcoal powder and 15 parts of acrylic resin (trade name, manufactured by Nissan Kogyo K.K., Ltd.; and, per) 50 parts of iron powder, 15 parts of An iron chelate-generating coating material was obtained by adding 15 parts of pitch coke powder, 15 parts of coconut shell activated carbon powder, 0.75 parts of dried shochu chu debris as a chelating material, 0.75 parts of glucose, and 1.5 parts of bamboo carbon powder and sufficiently mixing. Next, the iron chelate-generating coating material (1) was obtained by applying the iron chelate-generating coating material at a dry film thickness of 0.3 mm to a brick having a length of 4 cm, a width of 5 cm, and a weight of 12.69 g.|[0044] Example 2 (Iron chelation generating material using a wood pile as a support body) Iron chelation generating material (2) was obtained by applying the iron chelation generating material obtained in Example 1 to a wood pile having a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 60 cm and having a tip pointed in a conical shape as shown in Fig. 1 (a) at a dry film thickness of 0.3 mm. Comparative Example 1: a comparative wood pile (1) was obtained by applying a paint that did not contain both iron powder and chelating material), which contained activated charcoal powder and acrylic resin (trade name, manufactured by Nisshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a comparative paint, and this comparative paint was applied to the same wood pile as in Example 2 at a dry film thickness of 0.3 mm.|[0045] Comparative Example 2: The (tree pile itself) the same tree pile as in Example 2 was not subjected to any coating treatment, and this was used as a comparative tree pile (2). Performance evaluation 1: The bioenvironmental improvement effect in water was evaluated as follows using the iron chelate-generating material (1) obtained as described above. That is, first, a water tank containing artificial seawater culture medium was prepared. Here, artificial seawater culture medium is obtained by adding the following reagents A to D at a ratio of 1 mL to 1 L of artificial seawater.|[0046] (Reagent A) prepared by dissolving 7.5 g of NaNO3, 0.5 g of NaH2PO4 • 2H2O, and 3.0 g of NaSiO3 • 9H2O in distilled water 100 mL. (reagent B) a reagent obtained by adding the reagent a5mL described below to the reagent b900mL described below and bringing the mixture to 1 L with distilled water. Reagent a: prepared by dissolving 0.98 g of CuSO4 · 5H2O, 2.2 g of ZnSO4 · 7H2O, 1.0 g of CoCl2 · 6H2O, 18.0 g of MnCl2 · 4H2O, and 0.63 g of NaMoO4 · 2H2O in distilled water 100 mL.|[0047] Reagent b: prepared by dissolving 4.36 g of Na2EDTA in 900 mL of distilled water. (Reagent C) a product prepared by dissolving 0.1 g of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg of biotin, and 0.5 mg of vitamin B12 in distilled water 100 mL. (reagent D) 10 nM selenium solution. The iron chelate-generating material (1) was placed in a water tank in which the artificial seawater culture medium 3 L was placed. then, 30 mL of pre-culture of dialgae Thalassiosira weissflogii was added to the water tank, and the mixture was left to stand for 10 days under the experimental conditions of a temperature of 24 °C and a light 12 hour and dark 12 hour photocycle.|[0048] Furthermore, the growth characteristics of the water tank were evaluated by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence value, which is commonly used as an indicator of the amount of plant plankton, daily using a fluorometer "10-AU fluorometer" (Turner Designs available from). Note that when measuring the fluorescence value, the water tank was stirred until uniform using a pipette, and then 4 mL of the culture solution of the plant plankton was collected in a screw-cap test tube. Cultures were collected in three test tubes, and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity was measured for each test tube. Furthermore, for comparison, culturing and plant plankton growth characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as described above in a water tank in which an iron chelate-generating material was not disposed and in a water tank in which ferric chloride was added at a concentration of 11 mM.|[0049] < Results and Discussion > The results of plotting the chlorophyll fluorescence values obtained for the performance evaluation 1 above against the number of days in culture are shown in Fig.2. In Fig.2, the circle indicates the results when the iron chelate generating material is installed, the triangle indicates the results when ferric chloride is added at a concentration of 11 mM, and the* indicates the results when the iron chelate generating material is not installed. As is clear from the results shown in Fig.2, the installation of the iron chelate generating material according to the present invention exhibits an effect of promoting growth of dialgae, which are plant plankton.|[0050] Performance evaluation 2: The iron chelate generating material (2), the tree pile (1) for comparison, and the tree pile (2) for comparison were each installed on a tideach, and the improvement effect of the bottom soil over time was evaluated. Specifically, 16 tree stakes were arranged at equal intervals in a 12 m x 12 m division, and then a test was performed to investigate changes in the bottom soil over a period of 60 days. The center point of the 12 m x 12 m section was used as the measurement point. The change in bottom soil was performed by measuring the amount of sulfide. specifically, the amount of sulfide at a position close to the point where each pile was installed was used as a blank, and the change was evaluated by the relative ratio of the amount of sulfide to the blank.|[0051] A larger amount of sulfide indicates a larger amount of organic precipitates on the bottom mud, and the bottom substance is contaminated. This is because the sulfate-reducing bacteria oxidize the organic precipitate using the sulfate as the final electron acceptor, and as a result, hydrogen sulfide is produced, and this hydrogen sulfide bonds to the metal or the like in the bottom substance, thereby increasing sulfide. The amount of sulfide was measured by employing a method in which hydrogen sulfide was removed from the measurement sample in the presence of sulfuric acid and the amount of hydrogen sulfide was measured using a detection tube. specifically, the measurement was performed as follows. Examples of the detection tube include "Helotec-S detection tube No.201L" (scale range: 0.002 ~ 0.020 mg) or "Helotec-S detection tube No.201H" (scale range: 0.02 0.20 mg) was used (all manufactured by Gatec Co., Ltd.).|[0052] The measurement samples 0.5 to 2 g are accurately weighed, transferred to the gas generating tube with a small amount of distilled water, and mounted with a cap. Next, both ends of the detection pipe described above are connected to the gas generating pipe and the suction pump, and after 2 ml of 18 N sulfuric acid is added to the gas generating pipe, the hydrogen sulfide generated in the gas generating pipe is sucked into the detection pipe by pulling the pump lever. The pumping operation is repeated until the color changing position of the sensing tube is checked, and the amount of hydrogen sulfide is read at the tip of the color-changing layer. The sulfide content is calculated from the reading of the sensing tube and S1: sample amount (wet weight g), S2: dry matter % (100-moisture content) by the following formula.|[0053] The results of sulfide content S (mg /dry matter g) = (detection tube reading) x 100/ (S1 x S2) < results and considered > Performance evaluation 2 are shown in Fig.3. From the results shown in Fig.3, in the chelate generating material (2) of Example 2, the relative ratio with respect to the blank without pile is lower than 1 (that is, the sulfide amount is reduced as compared to the blank in the natural state) over the passage of days, and this reduction tendency is maintained over a period of 60 days. In contrast, in the tree pile (1) of Comparative Example 1, the relative ratio with respect to the blank without pile was close to 1 (that is, the sulfide amount was not reduced compared to the blank in the natural state), and in the tree pile (2) of Comparative Example 2, Once the relative ratio to the unstaked blank has dropped to a level below unity for some reason, it has then turned up and finally returned to near unity (≈ natural state).|INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY|[0054] In order to utilize the function of iron chelates, the present invention can be used in various fields, such as rivers, ponds, lakes, oceans, baths, water tanks, water pipes, and the like, as long as the fields require iron chelates to be generated in water.|REFERENCE SIGNS LIST|[0055] 10, 20 iron chelate-generating material 11, 21 substrate 12, 22 coating film formed from iron chelate-generating paint 30 ground surface | (JP5682906)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to an iron chelate-generating coating that generates iron chelates in water, an iron chelate-generating material using the same, and a method for improving bioenvironment in water.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] It has been found that it is effective to supply iron ions to water in order to improve the water environment. That is, since an increase in plant plankton causes an increase in plant plankton and microorganisms, it is expected that the purification of colloidal precipitates (hydro) on the bottom of the river and lake and the increase in aquatic resources are promoted. Furthermore, since plant planktons consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen by photosynthesis, they are expected to contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide in water, and thus to the suppression of global warming, in the atmosphere. This is because planktonic thus contributes to improving the water environment and is not only by producers in food chains but it has been found that iron ions are essential as a nutrient source for the planktonic.|[0003] Therefore, as a method for preventing short burning of a defense facility that uses iron or an iron compound to grow seaweed, a method is known in which a coating material containing at least one of iron, an iron compound, or an iron chelate compound is applied to an outer surface of the defense facility (see Patent Document 1). Although this technology is said to elute iron ions from iron, iron compounds, or iron chelate compounds, it is understood that in reality, any one of the iron, iron compounds, or iron chelate compounds alone does not have a sufficient effect, and the dissolved iron is increased by using iron or iron compound in combination with the iron chelate compound. That is, "ferric ions are eluted from the iron or iron compound of the coating film 2 ', and the ferric ions are eluted from the iron or iron compound of the coating film 2 ', and the iron chelate compound or other iron reduction promoting substances such as EDTA, sulfide compounds, tannic acid, plant plankton, or the like; Ferric iron is reduced to ferric iron, resulting in an increase in dissolved iron. "|[0004] Thus, the iron-chelating compound is not intended to provide a stable presence of iron ions. In addition, as a means for supplying iron ions into water, a fish reef made of aerated concrete obtained by blending iron oxide and a foam base material into cement, molding, and solidifying has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2). This cellular concrete has continuous voids having a large surface area inside, and can be used for the body of a fish reef. This technology is a technology in which iron ions are eluted by filling a hollow part of this celled concrete fish reef body with a mixture of iron and a substance having a higher potential than iron, for example, graphite, activated carbon, or the like, and immersing the mixture in seawater.|[0005] When a fish reef structure is formed by providing a hollow part in any location in the aerated concrete, and the aerated concrete is submerged on the sea floor, seawater freely enters and exits the fish reef structure, and a large amount of oxygen is supplied together with the incoming seawater. as a result, the hollow part and voids can be maintained in an aerobic atmosphere. Therefore, a large amount of microorganisms living in the seawater adhere to and propagate in the hollow portion, the voids, and the surface of the cell-containing concrete to form a biological film layer. This biological film layer decomposes organic matter in the seawater and advances the mineralization of the organic matter, thereby promoting the growth of seaweed and microorganisms. as a result, the biological environment in the water is improved. However, with the known technology described above, the mixture of iron and carbon is simply filled in the cell-containing concrete, and thus the mixture is easily flowed by a water flow such as ocean current or bleeding; There are problems in that contact between iron and carbon is released, and it is difficult to continuously generate iron ions. furthermore, there are problems in that iron is prone to rust, so the generation of iron ions ends in a short period of time, and the like.|[0006] In addition, the present invention provides an iron ion eluent that generates divalent iron ions in water by being immersed in water as a technique capable of maintaining efficient iron ion elution at a constant rate for a long period of time, wherein An iron ion eluent formed by mixing and solidifying powdered iron and charcoal together with a water-soluble binder such as starch glue has also been proposed. the iron ion eluent is formed into a plate shape by solidifying with a water-insoluble binder such as clay powder (see Patent Document 3). However, in the technology of Patent Document 3 described above, the eluted iron ions are easily oxidized, and therefore become iron oxides or the like that are poorly soluble in water, and coagulate and precipitate. Therefore, plant planktons cannot sufficiently ingest iron ions, and the objects such as promoting growth and activation of other aquatic organisms and purifying water quality are not sufficiently achieved.|[0007] In addition, according to the technology of Patent Document 3 described above, by making the shape of the iron ion supply body plate-like, it is possible to suppress the iron ion supply body from sinking into mud or sludge accumulated in the ocean floor or the bottom of a river, and it is possible to enhance the placement of the iron ion supply body without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or the flow of redness. however, there is still room for improvement. That is, in the iron ion supply body described in the technology of Patent Document 3, the water-soluble binder gradually dissolves in water, and iron gradually elutes as iron ions. therefore, the iron ion supply body tends to be hollowed inside and the weight of the iron ion supply body tends to be reduced, and the iron ion supply body tends to flow by the water flow.|CITATION LIST|PATENT LITERATURE|[0008] PATENT CITATIONS |JP 07-127029 a|JP 06-206804 a|JP 2007-268511 a|SUMMARY OF INVENTION|TECHNICAL PROBLEM|[0009] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by a method in which iron ions can be continuously generated, the generated iron ions can be made to exist in water in an ionic state, and moreover, the present invention is not affected by water flow such as ocean current or redness; To provide an iron chelate-generating coating that can be easily fixed at a predetermined position and that can continuously generate iron ions at a desired position, an iron chelate-generating material using the same, and a method for improving bioenvironment in water.|TECHNICAL SOLUTION|[0010] The present inventors conducted diligent research to solve the problems described above, and obtained the following findings to complete the present invention. First, the problem that iron ions become iron oxide and thus the generation of iron ions ends in a short period of time can be solved by generating iron ions in a chelated state. This is because the iron chelate does not easily become iron oxide. Furthermore, allowing the iron ion generating mechanism to remain at a desired position for a long period of time without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or redness can be eliminated by forming a coating film made from the iron chelate-generating coating on a substrate capable of being retained in water so as not to flow by the water flow. This is because, because the substrate can be retained in water, the retained state is not released even if the coating film made from the iron chelate-generating coating material dissolves. When an iron chelate-generating material that can remain in water is employed as an iron ion generating mechanism in this manner, iron ions can be continuously generated for a long period of time, and the generated iron ions can be made to exist in water in an ionic state for a long period of time as chelates. That is, the water quality environment at a desired location can be improved over an extended period of time without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or redness.|[0011] The present invention has been completed through these observations. That is, the iron chelate-generating coating according to the present invention contains a film forming component, iron powder, carbon powder, and chelating material.In addition, the film-forming component is an acrylic resin emulsion, and the chelating material is shochu debris (debris) and/or citrus debris.. Furthermore, the iron chelate-generating material of the present invention is obtained by forming a coating film made from the iron chelate-generating coating material of the present invention on a substrate that can be retained in water so as not to flow by a water stream. Furthermore, the method for improving bioenvironment in water according to the present invention is to keep the iron chelate-generating material of the present invention in water.|[0012] Note that the technology of Patent Document 1 described above is seemingly similar to the present invention in that the technology of Patent Document 1 adopts a paint form and suggests the use of an iron chelate compound, but as described above, this technology differs from the present invention in that carbon is not used. furthermore, The iron chelate compound is used as a reducing agent for reducing ferric iron ions eluted from iron or iron compounds to ferric iron ions, and this point is also a technique completely different from that of the present invention in which iron ions are stabilized by chelating with a chelating material.|ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS|[0013] The iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention can continuously generate iron ions for a long period of time, and the generated iron ions can be present in water as a chelate in an ionic state. Moreover, because the object to be coated is a coating, by appropriately selecting the object to be coated, the object to be coated can be easily fixed at a predetermined position without being affected by water flow such as ocean current or bleeding. The iron chelate-generating material and the bioenvironment improvement method using the same of the present invention select, as the object to be coated, a supporting body that can be retained in water so as not to flow in a water flow, and therefore it is possible to continuously generate iron ions at a desired position over a long period of time without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or redness.|DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0014] Depicts an iron chelate generator according to the present invention; Is a graph showing the test results of iron chelate generating material (1) in Performance Evaluation 1 of the Examples. Is a graph showing the test results of performance evaluation 2 of the examples.|DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS|[0015] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The scope of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions, and examples other than the examples described below may be appropriately modified and implemented within a range that does not impair the spirit of the present invention. Iron chelate-generating paint: The iron chelate-generating paint according to the present invention continuously generates iron chelates when formed into a coating film. specifically, the iron chelate-generating paint includes a film-forming component, iron powder and carbon powder for generating iron ions, and a chelating material for chelating iron ions. as necessary, the iron chelate-generating paint according to the present invention may also include other paint components. Glucose is preferably also included.|[0016] < Film Forming Component > Examples of the film-forming component include polyester resins, alkyd resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, polyurethane resins, phenolic resins, petroleum resins, vinyl resins, polyamide resins, nitrocellulose, Synthetic resins such as chlorinated rubbers; natural resins such as rosin, gilsonite, and ester gums; and one type or two or more types of these may be used in combination. As described below, the iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention preferably dissolves easily in water, and is preferably a water-based paint in consideration of recent environmental issues. From this perspective, the film-forming component is preferably an emulsion type of polyester resin, alkyd resin, acrylic resin, or the like, and is particularly preferably an acrylic resin emulsion.|[0017] < Iron powder > The iron powder may be a powder containing iron atoms, and may be an alloy or an oxide. Examples thereof include fine powdered iron powder, crushed machined alloy iron powder, iron casting powder, and the like. The particle diameter of the iron powder is preferably from 10 to 50 μm. < coal powder > The coal powder may be any powder containing carbon atoms, and examples thereof include powders such as charcoal, pitch coke, activated carbon, and bamboo coal. in addition, various powders such as graphite and coal can be used.|[0018] A powder of charcoal, pitch coke, activated carbon, and bamboo coal is particularly preferably used. A material in which the film-forming component and the coal powder are mixed may be used, such as in "chaco-paint" (trade name, manufactured by Nihon Sangyo Co., Ltd.) containing the activated charcoal powder and the film-forming component (acrylic resin emulsion), and each powder of pitch coke, activated charcoal, and bamboo charcoal may be mixed therein. thus, the mixing form thereof is not particularly limited. The particle diameter of the charcoal powder is preferably from 10 to 50 μm. (charcoal) charcoal is a solid product mainly composed of carbon obtained by carbonizing wood.|[0019] As the coal powder made from the charcoal, a powder obtained by pulverizing wood chips, that is, wood chip carbide obtained by carbonizing chips of wood can be used. Softwood materials such as cedar wood, sunmalaya cedar wood, and reddish wood are mainly used as raw wood for wood chips, and reddish wood is particularly preferable. It is possible to use thin wood or waste materials that are difficult to use as wood products and are inexpensive. Wood chip products industrially produced in large quantities can also be used as raw materials for pulp production or board building materials. Basically, a technique common to a typical method for producing charcoal can be used for the carbonization method of wood chips. Specifically, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No.2561433 can be applied.|[0020] The resulting wood chip carbide is a porous structure having slight pores inside. Wood chip carbide can be crushed to produce coal powder having an adjusted particle size. Normal pulverization means are employed for pulverization. A difference occurs in the porous structure of the carbide depending on conditions such as the raw material of the wood chips, carbonization, pulverization, or grain size. Wood chip carbide powder having desired properties can be selected or a combination of a plurality of types of wood chip carbide powders having different properties can be used in accordance with the intended use and required performance. The firing temperature of the wood chip carbide is not particularly limited, and may be set to, for example, approximately 600 °C or higher. By subjecting the surface of the carbon powder to surface treatment with a coupling agent, it is possible to improve the adhesion to the film forming components described above.|[0021] Examples of the coal powder made from charcoal include Binchi coal, carbon powder obtained by carbonizing and pulverizing pine solid shells, and the like. "Pine nut shell" constitutes the nut of plants of the family Pine family, such as red pine, black pine, and blue mackerel, and is also referred to as so-called pine barbs or pine bulbs, and is a scale-like hard material portion constituting the outer shell. The shell contains an original seed called a pinning nut in the narrow sense. Ordinary charcoal production techniques are applied to carbonized pine real shells. Specifically, a pine solid shell is placed in a flat kiln or an earth kiln for charcoal production, and fuel such as firewood is burned and heated to carbonized the pine solid shell. Carbonization temperature is typically preferably set to about 450 to 500 °C. The pine seed shell used in carbonization treatment preferably does not contain the original seed portion, but may contain a seed portion within a range that does not hinder the object of the present invention. To obtain only pine real shells, the internal seed portion may be extracted by dividing the pine real shells. In addition, if the entire pine nut including the seed portion is crushed and squeezed, and the seed portion is removed as an oil or liquid portion, only the shell portion is obtained as a residue.|[0022] The shell of carbonized pine seeds is crushed into carbon powder. Pulverization is preferably performed on the carbide that has been dried after carbonization has been completed. A typical pulverizer is used for pulverization. Note that the shell of the pine seed can be pulverized to a certain size in advance before carbonization, and carbon powder can be obtained by further pulverizing the shell after carbonization. Activated charcoal can also be used as the charcoal. Activated charcoal is charcoal that has been physically and chemically activated by appropriately setting the raw materials of the charcoal, carbonization conditions, and the like. The method of producing activated charcoal includes a low-temperature carbonization step of carbonizing wood chips by heat treatment at 450 to 550 °C; a high-temperature carbonization step of further carbonizing the carbide of the wood chips by heat treatment at 800 to 900 °C for 480 to 960 seconds following the low-temperature carbonization step; and an activating step of bringing the carbide into contact with water at the end of the high-temperature carbonization step.|[0023] The technology disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.2000-226207, for example, can be applied as a method for producing such activated charcoal. (Pitch coke) Pitch coke is coke produced using pitch obtained by distilling coal tar or petroleum as a raw material. It is a material used in the iron making field. Pitch coke contains carbon as a main component and has the same characteristics as charcoal. In particular, pitch coke having a carbon ratio of 98 % or greater has characteristics equal to or greater than that of charcoal. Pitch coke is less expensive than charcoal and the like.|[0024] (Activated carbon) Activated carbon is obtained by activating charcoal or the like. Examples of the activation method include steam activation and chemical activation, but steam activation is particularly preferable. Publicly known raw materials such as charcoal, fruit charcoal, coal, and pitch coke can be used as the raw material of the activated carbon, but it is particularly preferable to use coconut shell activated carbon using coconut shell as a raw material. Steam activation is performed by, for example, passing steam through a raw material such as charcoal at 1000 to 1200 °C.|[0025] Chemical activation is performed by, for example, drying and pulverizing a raw material such as charcoal, immersing the raw material in a solution such as zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, sulfurous acid, and alkali, and then calcining and carbonizing the raw material. Impurities may be washed with water and removed. Examples of other methods include a method of oxidizing a portion of a raw material by heating the raw material such as charcoal in air, carbon dioxide, or chlorine gas, a method of igniting the charcoal under reduced pressure, and a method of immersing red heated charcoal in water or nitric acid. (bamboo coal) bamboo coal can be obtained by baking a bamboo material, and the baking conditions thereof are not particularly limited.|[0026] For example, an earth kiln can be used as the calcination kiln. The firing temperature may be from 500 to 850 °C. The calcination time can be set to about 42 to 46 hours. The calcination atmosphere is usually in a natural state. Heat treatment can also be performed by changing conditions such as temperature during the heat treatment step. (Other Coals) In addition to those described above, various coals such as graphite and coal can be used as materials. < Chelating material > The "chelating material" in the present invention may be a material having a function of chelating iron ions, and a material containing chelating components may be used as the chelating material, as well as a chelating component itself may be used.|[0027] Examples of the material containing a chelating component include shochu chu debris, citrus fruit debris, rice, and the like. however, shochu chu debris and citrus fruit debris described below are particularly preferable. Shochu debris is a residue generated in the process of producing shochu. Typically, Showu is produced through the steps of koji production, primary fermentation, secondary fermentation, and distillation. First, koji mold is added to raw materials such as wheat, sweet potato, and rice, and cultured to produce koji (koji). Malt is fermented in a tank or the like to make it brittle (first fermentation). The raw materials described above are further loaded into the crumbling and fermented (secondary fermentation). The fermentation liquid produced in the secondary fermentation is distilled (distilled) to produce Shochu. The residue remaining after distillation is what is called a so-called shochu debris. Shochu debris consists of a mixture of distilled remaining liquid and solids.|[0028] Citrus debris is citrus fruit wringing debris, such as catfish. Debris discharged when processing citrus fruit as a raw material into food or beverages is used. Shochu debris and citrus debris are disposed of by marine waste, incineration, or the like, and are difficult to treat as waste, but these debris can be effectively reused as a material for iron chelate-generating paint or iron chelate-generating material. Therefore, the disposal costs of these waste products are also reduced, and this contributes to the promotion of circular-type society formation. Since chelating components are contained in the shochu chu regrind, citrus regrind, and gramines such as rice and wheat, these can be used as is as chelating materials for producing iron chelates, but as described above, The "chelating material" in the present invention also includes a case where the chelating component itself is referred to as a chelating component, and thus, for example, a case where the chelating component is extracted and isolated from such as those described above and used is also included within the scope of the present invention.|[0029] Note that the chelating component described above is not particularly limited, and any chelating component that has a ligand and that binds to iron ions to form a complex may be used. Preferable examples thereof include organic acids having two or more carboxyl groups. Preferable examples of such organic acids include oxalic acid, mucinic acid, citric acid, and the like, and one type or two or more types of these organic acids can be used in combination. Examples of the < other coating component > other component include glucose, baked inorganic powder, wax, colorant, filler, UV absorber, viscosity modifier, anti-aging agent, plasticizer, flame retardant, stabilizer, drying modifier, and the like. One type of these other components may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.|[0030] In particular, it is preferable to use glucose, and the use of glucose makes the generation of animal plankton noticeable and, in turn, promotes growth of fish and shellfish. The calcined inorganic powder is an inorganic powder obtained by calcining a raw material, and calcined inorganic microparticles having a very small particle size are preferable. The use of calcined inorganic powders has the advantage of reducing water quality. The calcined inorganic powder is present in the periphery of the charcoal and enhances the function thereof, and a high synergy can be expected. Specifically, a pulverized ceramic, glass, or the like obtained by calcining a natural raw material such as mineral, clay, or the like is used as the calcined inorganic powder. Only inorganic matter may be left behind by firing a raw material containing an organic matter and inorganic matter. The calcination temperature of the calcined inorganic powder is preferably high. Ordinarily, a heat treatment temperature of 800 °C or higher is preferable. The high-temperature calcined inorganic powder can achieve synergistic function improvement without impairing the function of the charcoal.|[0031] Calcined inorganic microparticles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, for example, can be used as the calcined inorganic powder. The wear resistance of the coating film surface can be improved by using a wax. Examples thereof include carnauba wax, beeswax, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, fatty acid amide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and the like. < Blending of Components > When an iron chelate-generating coating material using the Components described above as a material is used, for example, the following formulation is preferable.|[0032] The blending ratio of the iron powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 To 50 wt.%, and more preferably 30 to 20 wt.% with respect to the film-forming components (solid content), 35 wt%. If the compounded amount of the iron powder is less than 30 wt.%, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the compounded amount of the iron powder exceeds 50 wt.%, film formability may be inhibited, and it may be difficult to form a coating film. The blending ratio of the charcoal powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 To 50 wt.%, and more preferably 30 to 20 wt.% with respect to the film-forming components (solid content), 35 wt%. If the compounded amount of the carbon powder is less than 30 wt.%, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the compounded amount of the carbon powder is greater than 50 wt.%, the compounded amount of the carbon powder is relatively excessive with respect to the compounded amount of the iron powder, and thus the efficiency of generating iron ions and, as a result, the efficiency of generating iron chelates may decrease.|[0033] The blending ratio of the chelating material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3% or less relative to the film forming components (solid content). To 10 wt.%, and more preferably 3 to 5 wt.% with respect to the film forming components (solid content), 5 wt%. If the formulation of chelating material is less than 3% by weight, a sufficient amount of iron chelate may not be generated. On the other hand, when the compounded amount of the chelating material exceeds 10 wt.%, film formability may be inhibited, and it may be difficult to form a coating film. The blending ratio of glucose is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1% or less relative to the film-forming components (solid content). To 10 wt.%, and more preferably from 1 to 5 wt.% with respect to the film-forming components (solid content), 3 wt%. If the glucose formulation is less than 1% by weight, the effect of the glucose formulation may not be obtained. On the other hand, glucose formulations above 10% by weight can be costly.|[0034] The blending ratio of the calcined inorganic powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% or less relative to the film-forming components (solid content). To 30 wt.%, and more preferably 5 to 5 wt.% with respect to the film-forming components (solid content). 10 wt%. If the compounded amount of the calcined inorganic powder is less than 5 wt.%, the reducing power of the water quality may be weak. On the other hand, if the compounded amount of the calcined inorganic powder exceeds 30 wt.%, the balance between the iron powder and the carbon powder may become unstable. Furthermore, the compounded amount of the other coating components described above is not particularly limited. As described below, the iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention is preferably applied to materials such as bamboo, wood pile, and the like, work pieces such as coast, concrete pieces such as tetrablock, and the like as objects to be painted, and therefore, the iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention is preferably a room temperature drying type paint, and therefore is preferably a lacquer-type paint.|[0035] As described below, the iron chelate-generating paint of the present invention can be easily fixed at a predetermined position without being affected by a water flow such as ocean current or redness by using, in particular, a "supporting body that can be held in water so as not to flow in the water flow" as the object to be coated, but the object to be coated is not limited thereto. For example, gravel, Kawastoma, or the like may be used as the object to be coated as long as the object to be coated is a location where there is no risk of flowing due to the water flow due to ocean current, redness, or the like. The coating film of the iron chelate-generating coating of the present invention preferably dissolves easily in water, and is preferably a water-based coating in consideration of recent environmental issues. Specifically, the film forming component, the iron powder, the carbon powder, and the chelating material described above are preferably dispersed in water.|[0036] Iron chelate generating material: The iron chelate generating material according to the present invention is a preferred use mode of the iron chelate generating coating according to the present invention, and is obtained by forming a coating film comprising the iron chelate generating coating according to the present invention on a substrate which can be retained in water so as not to flow by a water stream. < support body > a "support body that can be held in water so as not to flow in a water flow" refers to, for example, a pile drivable into the ground (wood pile such as bamboo or the like, metal pile, or the like), a workpiece provided along a coast, a river, a lake, or the like for the purpose of revealing; In addition to fish nets and the like, concrete blocks such as tetrablocks and bricks that cannot flow under their own weight simply by placing them in place. That is, in cases where the vehicle is prevented from flowing due to its own weight, the vehicle may move slightly due to ocean current or the like, but this concept also includes such cases.|[0037] Of these, bamboo, wood pile, and the like are preferable because they are not so heavy that they can be transported easily, and if the tip portion thereof has a shape such as a cone or pyramid, it can be easily retained in water by being driven into the earth. The coating method when applying the iron chelate-generating coating to the substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include conventionally known methods such as air spray coating methods, air atomized electrostatic coating methods, airless electrostatic coating methods, direct coating methods using a brush or roller, relief printing methods, lithographic printing methods, flexographic printing methods, screen printing methods, and the like. The dry film thickness can be, for example, from 0.2 to 0.4 mm.|[0038] The iron chelate-generating material according to the present invention can be used, for example, by being disposed in water, the bottom, or the like of a river, a lake, or an ocean. When the coating film dissolves in water, iron, which has lower electronegativity than the charcoal, is oxidized and iron ions are eluted. Then, this iron ion forms a complex with the chelating component, and is stably present in water as an iron chelate. The iron chelate generating material continuously supplies iron ions, which are an important nutrient source of plant plankton, and the resulting iron ions are present as iron chelates and therefore float stably in water in an ionic state. As a result, the plant plankton, which is the basis of the food chain, becomes proliferated by ingestion of iron ions, which encourages activation of organisms in water that feed the plant plankton, and as a result, improves the water environment.|[0039] Specifically, for example, the growth of plant plankton promotes the growth and activity of animal plankton and aquatic organisms, which are the first consumer, in the food chain and, as a result, promotes purification such as serum and the like and proliferation of aquatic resources, leading to an improvement in water quality environment. The growth of aquatic plants is also promoted by improving the water environment, and these aquatic plants and plant planktons emit oxygen and consume carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Therefore, it also contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide, which is believed to be one cause of global warming as a greenhouse gas. As another method of using the iron chelate-generating material, the iron chelate-generating material may be arranged on an aquaculture raft or the like of shellfish such as oyster or young shellfish, and used in aquaculture of shellfish. When the iron chelate-generating material is disposed on the aquaculture raft, the iron chelates are produced, and thus the plant plankton can ingest iron as a nutrient source, which promotes growth of the plant plankton. Because this plant plankton is ingested as a food for oysters, gowks, or the like, the plant plankton can also be effectively used for aquaculture of such shellfish.|[0040] Method for improving bioenvironment in water: a method for improving bioenvironment in water in which the iron chelate-generating material according to the present invention is disposed in the water, bottom, or the like of a river, a lake, or an ocean will be described. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (a), an iron chelate-generating material 10 is given in which a pile drivable into the ground is used as a support body 11, and a coating film 12 made from an iron chelate-generating paint is formed on the surface of the pile. Such an iron chelate-generating material can be fixed by being driven into the ground surface 30 such as a kawa floor, a lake floor, or the like, and thus iron ions can be generated at a desired position without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or the filling of tide.|[0041] In addition, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (b), an iron chelate-generating material 20 obtained by forming a coating film 22 made of an iron chelate-generating paint on the surface of the iron chelate-generating material 20 using bricks as a support body 21 is also exemplified. With such an iron chelate-generating material, since the iron chelate-generating material cannot flow under its own weight by simply placing the iron chelate-generating material, iron ions can be generated at a desired position without being affected by the water flow such as ocean current or bleeding. The coating films 12 and 22 made from the iron chelate-generating paint need not be formed over the entire surface of the support bodies 11 and 21, and may be formed on a portion of the portion of the support body 11 protruding from the ground, for example, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (a).|[0042] In such an iron chelate generating material, for example, a large number of iron chelate generating materials can be disposed in a matrix on the downstream side of the area where water quality is desired to be improved. From the perspective of ease of arrangement, it is preferable that the iron chelate-generating material be arranged in a time zone in which a downstream side or the like appears or in a time zone in which the water depth becomes shallower. The arrangement interval of the iron chelate-generating material depends on the size and shape of the iron chelate-generating material, and therefore may be appropriately adjusted. For example, when a large iron chelate generating material is used, the spacing may be increased. The arrangement of the iron chelate-generating material is not limited to these arrangement techniques, and various arrangement techniques can be employed as long as the iron chelates can be sufficiently spread over a range in which water quality is desired to be improved.|EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE|[0043] The present invention will be described in more detail below using examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Hereinafter, "parts by weight" may be simply referred to as "parts" for convenience. Example 1 (Iron chelation generating material using brick as a support body) "chacopaint" containing 2.5 parts of activated charcoal powder and 15 parts of acrylic resin (trade name, manufactured by Nissan Kogyo K.K., Ltd.; and, per) 50 parts of iron powder, 15 parts of An iron chelate-generating coating material was obtained by adding 15 parts of pitch coke powder, 15 parts of coconut shell activated carbon powder, 0.75 parts of dried shochu chu debris as a chelating material, 0.75 parts of glucose, and 1.5 parts of bamboo carbon powder and sufficiently mixing. Next, the iron chelate-generating coating material (1) was obtained by applying the iron chelate-generating coating material at a dry film thickness of 0.3 mm to a brick having a length of 4 cm, a width of 5 cm, and a weight of 12.69 g.|[0044] Example 2 (Iron chelation generating material using a wood pile as a support body) Iron chelation generating material (2) was obtained by applying the iron chelation generating material obtained in Example 1 to a wood pile having a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 60 cm and having a tip pointed in a conical shape as shown in Fig. 1 (a) at a dry film thickness of 0.3 mm. Comparative Example 1: a comparative wood pile (1) was obtained by applying a paint that did not contain both iron powder and chelating material), which contained activated charcoal powder and acrylic resin (trade name, manufactured by Nisshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a comparative paint, and this comparative paint was applied to the same wood pile as in Example 2 at a dry film thickness of 0.3 mm.|[0045] Comparative Example 2: The (tree pile itself) the same tree pile as in Example 2 was not subjected to any coating treatment, and this was used as a comparative tree pile (2). Performance evaluation 1: The bioenvironmental improvement effect in water was evaluated as follows using the iron chelate-generating material (1) obtained as described above. That is, first, a water tank containing artificial seawater culture medium was prepared. Here, artificial seawater culture medium is obtained by adding the following reagents A to D at a ratio of 1 mL to 1 L of artificial seawater.|[0046] (Reagent A) prepared by dissolving 7.5 g of NaNO3, 0.5 g of NaH2PO4 • 2H2O, and 3.0 g of NaSiO3 • 9H2O in distilled water 100 mL. (reagent B) a reagent obtained by adding the reagent a5mL described below to the reagent b900mL described below and bringing the mixture to 1 L with distilled water. Reagent a: prepared by dissolving 0.98 g of CuSO4 · 5H2O, 2.2 g of ZnSO4 · 7H2O, 1.0 g of CoCl2 · 6H2O, 18.0 g of MnCl2 · 4H2O, and 0.63 g of NaMoO4 · 2H2O in distilled water 100 mL.|[0047] Reagent b: prepared by dissolving 4.36 g of Na2EDTA in 900 mL of distilled water. (Reagent C) a product prepared by dissolving 0.1 g of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg of biotin, and 0.5 mg of vitamin B12 in distilled water 100 mL. (reagent D) 10 nM selenium solution. The iron chelate-generating material (1) was placed in a water tank in which the artificial seawater culture medium 3 L was placed. then, 30 mL of pre-culture of dialgae Thalassiosira weissflogii was added to the water tank, and the mixture was left to stand for 10 days under the experimental conditions of a temperature of 24 °C and a light 12 hour and dark 12 hour photocycle.|[0048] Furthermore, the growth characteristics of the water tank were evaluated by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence value, which is commonly used as an indicator of the amount of plant plankton, daily using a fluorometer "10-AU fluorometer" (Turner Designs available from). Note that when measuring the fluorescence value, the water tank was stirred until uniform using a pipette, and then 4 mL of the culture solution of the plant plankton was collected in a screw-cap test tube. Cultures were collected in three test tubes, and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity was measured for each test tube. Furthermore, for comparison, culturing and plant plankton growth characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as described above in a water tank in which an iron chelate-generating material was not disposed and in a water tank in which ferric chloride was added at a concentration of 11 mM.|[0049] < Results and Discussion > The results of plotting the chlorophyll fluorescence values obtained for the performance evaluation 1 above against the number of days in culture are shown in Fig.2. In Fig.2, the circle indicates the results when the iron chelate generating material is installed, the triangle indicates the results when ferric chloride is added at a concentration of 11 mM, and the* indicates the results when the iron chelate generating material is not installed. As is clear from the results shown in Fig.2, the installation of the iron chelate generating material according to the present invention exhibits an effect of promoting growth of dialgae, which are plant plankton.|[0050] Performance evaluation 2: The iron chelate generating material (2), the tree pile (1) for comparison, and the tree pile (2) for comparison were each installed on a tideach, and the improvement effect of the bottom soil over time was evaluated. Specifically, 16 tree stakes were arranged at equal intervals in a 12 m x 12 m division, and then a test was performed to investigate changes in the bottom soil over a period of 60 days. The center point of the 12 m x 12 m section was used as the measurement point. The change in bottom soil was performed by measuring the amount of sulfide. specifically, the amount of sulfide at a position close to the point where each pile was installed was used as a blank, and the change was evaluated by the relative ratio of the amount of sulfide to the blank.|[0051] A larger amount of sulfide indicates a larger amount of organic precipitates on the bottom mud, and the bottom substance is contaminated. This is because the sulfate-reducing bacteria oxidize the organic precipitate using the sulfate as the final electron acceptor, and as a result, hydrogen sulfide is produced, and this hydrogen sulfide bonds to the metal or the like in the bottom substance, thereby increasing sulfide. The amount of sulfide was measured by employing a method in which hydrogen sulfide was removed from the measurement sample in the presence of sulfuric acid and the amount of hydrogen sulfide was measured using a detection tube. specifically, the measurement was performed as follows. Examples of the detection tube include "Helotec-S detection tube No.201L" (scale range: 0.002 ~ 0.020 mg) or "Helotec-S detection tube No.201H" (scale range: 0.02 0.20 mg) was used (all manufactured by Gatec Co., Ltd.).|[0052] The measurement samples 0.5 to 2 g are accurately weighed, transferred to the gas generating tube with a small amount of distilled water, and mounted with a cap. Next, both ends of the detection pipe described above are connected to the gas generating pipe and the suction pump, and after 2 ml of 18 N sulfuric acid is added to the gas generating pipe, the hydrogen sulfide generated in the gas generating pipe is sucked into the detection pipe by pulling the pump lever. The pumping operation is repeated until the color changing position of the sensing tube is checked, and the amount of hydrogen sulfide is read at the tip of the color-changing layer. The sulfide content is calculated from the reading of the sensing tube and S1: sample amount (wet weight g), S2: dry matter % (100-moisture content) by the following formula.|[0053] The results of sulfide content S (mg /dry matter g) = (detection tube reading) x 100/ (S1 x S2) < results and considered > Performance evaluation 2 are shown in Fig.3. From the results shown in Fig.3, in the chelate generating material (2) of Example 2, the relative ratio with respect to the blank without pile is lower than 1 (that is, the sulfide amount is reduced as compared to the blank in the natural state) over the passage of days, and this reduction tendency is maintained over a period of 60 days. In contrast, in the tree pile (1) of Comparative Example 1, the relative ratio with respect to the blank without pile was close to 1 (that is, the sulfide amount was not reduced compared to the blank in the natural state), and in the tree pile (2) of Comparative Example 2, Once the relative ratio to the unstaked blank has dropped to a level below unity for some reason, it has then turned up and finally returned to near unity (≈ natural state).|INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY|[0054] In order to utilize the function of iron chelates, the present invention can be used in various fields, such as rivers, ponds, lakes, oceans, baths, water tanks, water pipes, and the like, as long as the fields require iron chelates to be generated in water.|REFERENCE SIGNS LIST|[0055] 10, 20 iron chelate-generating material 11, 21 substrate 12, 22 coating film formed from iron chelate-generating paint 30 ground surface | Family Number|(33486043)|33486043|Abstract|(JP5682906 B2)|PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an iron chelate generating coating material which continuously generates iron ions and allows generated iron ions to exist in water in an ionic state, and which is easily fixed at a predetermined position without being affected by water stream such as ocean current or rise and fall of the tide and thereby achieves the continuous generation of iron ions at a desired position, to provide an iron chelate generating material using the iron chelate generating coating material, and to provide a method for improving an underwater biological environment.SOLUTION: The iron chelate generating coating material contains a film forming component, an iron powder, a carbon powder and a chelating material. The iron chelate generating material is obtained by forming a coating film formed from the iron chelate generating coating material on a support which is capable of being retained in water so as not to be swept away by water stream. The method for improving an underwater biological environment includes retaining the iron chelate generating material in water.COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT|Title|(JP5682906 B2)|Iron chelate-generating coating, iron chelate-generating material using same, and method for improving bioenvironment in water|(JP2012056983 A)|Iron chelate generating coating material, iron chelate generating material using the same and method for improving underwater biological environment| | Basic materials chemistry|Environmental technology|Other special machines | Y02A-040/81 | Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/00|C02F-003/00|C02F-003/32|C09D-007/12|C09D-133/00|C09K-003/00 | A01K-061/00|C02F-003/00|C02F-003/32|C09D-005/02|C09D-007/12|C09D-133/00|C09D-201/00|C09K-003/00 | JP2019149963|JP6979206|JP2017209041 | JP2019149963 85985814 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|JP6979206 85763699 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2017209041 77926005 WHO=Applicant SELF=Y | JP2010242075|JP4710036|JP4436440|JP2010104362|JP2009297622|JP2009209327|JP2007268511|JP2005281607|JP2004237141|JP2004267805|JP2003250369|JP2003155450|JP2002058382|JP2001095414|JP07127029|JP07127029|JP06206804|JP55012111 | JP2010242075 7418699 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP4710036 7418699 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP4436440 22520525 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2010104362 33129233 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2009297622 22599792 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2009209327 32986626 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|JP2007268511 32643426 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2005281607 32294334 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2004237141 32068403 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2004267805 32086291 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2003250369 22065940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2003155450 22200301 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2002058382 31547893 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2001095414 22511511 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP07127029 28558464 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP07127029 28558464 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP06206804 28457995 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP55012111 26030089 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 特開平07-127029号公報|特開平06-206804号公報|特開2007-268511号公報|特開平07−127029(JP,A)|特開昭55−012111(JP,A)|特開2009−297622(JP,A)|特開2005−281607(JP,A)|特開2004−237141(JP,A)|特開2002−058382(JP,A)|特開2010−104362(JP,A)|特開2003−250369(JP,A)|特開2001−095414(JP,A)|特開2004−267805(JP,A)|特許第4436440(JP,B2)|特開2003−155450(JP,A)|特開2009−209327(JP,A)|特開2010−242075(JP,A)|特許第4710036(JP,B2) | JP07127029; JP55012111; JP2009297622; JP2005281607; JP2004237141; JP2002058382; JP2010104362; JP2003250369; JP2001095414; JP2004267805; JP4436440; JP2003155450; JP2009209327; JP2010242075; JP4710036; JP07127029; JP06206804; JP2007268511 | GRANTED | (JP5682906)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (JP5682906)|ALIVE | (JP5682906)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR JP5682906|Actual or expected expiration date=2030-09-06|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2010-09-06|Event code=JP/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=JP JP2010198698|Application date=2010-09-06|Standardized application number=2010JP-0198698|Event publication date=2012-03-22|Event code=JP/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=JP|Publication number=JP2012056983|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2012-03-22|Standardized publication number=JP2012056983|Event publication date=2013-06-08|Event code=JP/A621|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Written request for application examination|Japanese intermediate code: A621|Effective date of the event=2013-06-07|Event publication date=2013-06-27|Event code=JP/A521|Event group=Restitution or restoration Corrections|Written amendment|Japanese intermediate code: A523|Effective date of the event=2013-06-10|Event publication date=2014-08-06|Event code=JP/A977|Event group=Examination events|Report on retrieval|Japanese intermediate code: A971007|Effective date of the event=2014-08-06|Event publication date=2014-10-09|Event code=JP/A131|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Notification of reasons 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non-payment notifications Restitution or restoration|Receipt of annual fees|Japanese intermediate code: R250|Event publication date=2019-12-24|Event code=JP/R250|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications Restitution or restoration|Receipt of annual fees|Japanese intermediate code: R250|Event publication date=2023-12-25|Event code=JP/R250|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications Restitution or restoration|Receipt of annual fees|Japanese intermediate code: R250 | (JP5682906)|JP | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=aWzHE500H+GZ5FT6LqreZDeISh8T7V+NNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=JP5682906&ekey=968&xpn=JP5682906&kind=B2 | https://www.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/c1801/PU/JP-2010-198698/10/en | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=JXUuKXY92NjWqxLm4QBXD3fDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | JP | (JP5682906)|NAME=MATSUMOTO Takehiko , REG=100073461|(JP2012056983)|NAME=MATSUMOTO Takehiko , REG=100073461 | (JP5682906)|NAME=NAGANUMA TAKESHI|NAME=KAWASHIRI YOSHITAKA|(JP2012056983)|NAME=NAGANUMA TAKESHI|NAME=KAWASHIRI YOSHITAKA | Titre: (JP5682906)|Iron chelate-generating coating, iron chelate-generating material using same, and method for improving bioenvironment in water Résumé: (JP5682906)|PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an iron chelate generating coating material which continuously generates iron ions and allows generated iron ions to exist in water in an ionic state, and which is easily fixed at a predetermined position without being affected by water stream such as ocean current or rise and fall of the tide and thereby achieves the continuous generation of iron ions at a desired position, to provide an iron chelate generating material using the iron chelate generating coating material, and to provide a method for improving an underwater biological environment.SOLUTION: The iron chelate generating coating material contains a film forming component, an iron powder, a carbon powder and a chelating material. The iron chelate generating material is obtained by forming a coating film formed from the iron chelate generating coating material on a support which is capable of being retained in water so as not to be swept away by water stream. The method for improving an underwater biological environment includes retaining the iron chelate generating material in water.COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT | 1.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The patent describes a method for generating iron ions in water to improve the biological environment, which aligns with the goal of stimulating phytoplankton growth and enhancing CO₂ uptake through iron fertilization. | 16.0 | 3.0 | (JP5682906)|2 | (JP5682906)|6 | (JP5682906)|9|(JP2012056983)|10 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (JP5682906)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (JP5682906)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Form: FORM=OL|Number of Pages: NPAGES=14|Request for examination: REQEXA=false||(JP2012056983)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Number of Figures: NFG=1|Form: FORM=OL|Number of Pages: NPAGES=15|Request for examination: REQEXA=false| | (JP5682906)|JAPANESE (JPN) | (JP5682906)|Patent|(JP2012056983)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | CN202310932717 | CN202310932717 | CN116920577 | 106967885 | CN116920577 A 2023-10-24 [CN116920577] | 2023-07-27 | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-24 | (CN116920577)|2043-07-27 | (CN116920577)|Renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device | (CN116920577)|The invention discloses a seawater carbon sequestration device driven by renewable energy sources, and relates to the technical field of carbon sequestration devices, the seawater carbon sequestration device comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment pool; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after seawater electrolysis. According to the seawater carbon sequestration device driven by the renewable energy sources, the power generation module generates electric power through wind energy and solar energy in the ocean and supplies power to the whole device, and the generated redundant electric power can be merged into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater, so that the seawater can be electrolyzed to generate hydrogen. | TIANJING UNIVERSITY | (CN116920577)|TIANJING UNIV ([CN]) | DENG SHUAI|WANG ZHIHENG|CHEN JIAHUAN|HUANG YUXUAN|CUI YIMING|YOU JUNRUI|WANG SHUOCHEN|LI ZHENWEI | (CN116920577)|DENG SHUAI|WANG ZHIHENG|CHEN JIAHUAN|HUANG YUXUAN|CUI YIMING|YOU JUNRUI|WANG SHUOCHEN|LI ZHENWEI | (CN116920577)|HE CHENG;FANG & ASSOCIATES|Reg. Nb: 11385 | (CN116920577)|The process is complex in flow, high in cost and easy to release secondarily.| | (CN116920577)|1. The seawater carbon fixing device driven by renewable energy sources is characterized by comprising a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.| | (CN116920577)|In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which can be used for fixing carbon in seawater by utilizing energy in the ocean. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module is connected with the gas storage module; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|The invention discloses a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device, which relates to the technical field of carbon fixing devices and comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|The invention relates to the technical field of carbon fixing devices, in particular to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.| | (CN116920577)|PRETREATMENT TANK(100,25)|RENEWABLE ENERGY(100,19)|SEAWATER CARBON FIXING(100,9)|DRIVEN SEAWATER CARBON FIXING(100,8)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(100,2)|PRETREATED SEAWATER(86,5)|REACTION MODULE(72,20)|SEAWATER(51,31)|ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT(46,4)|POWER GENERATION MODULE(44,14)|GAS STORAGE MODULE(34,18)|REACTION TANK(19,14)|CATHODE PLATE(19,9)|FIXING CARBON(19,1)|SEA(17,5)|CARBON FIXING(17,2)|ANODE PLATE(16,8)|GAS COLLECTING PIPELINE(16,5)|RENEWABLE ENERGY DRIVEN SEAWATER(15,3)|GAS COLLECTION CONDUIT(14,2)|ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE(13,6)|SUPPORT POSTS(13,1)|PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION(12,4)|ELECTROLYSIS(12,2)|APART INTERVAL(12,1)|WINDPOWER GENERATION(10,4)|GRAPHITE PLATE(10,2)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(10,2)|POOL(10,2)|ROOF(10,1)|SHAPED COST(9,1)|AIR INTRODUCTION(8,3)|CARRYING OUT ELECTROLYTE TREATMENT(8,3)|WINDPOWER GENERATOR(8,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION CAPACITY(7,2)|CARBON FIXATION(7,2)|ADSORBENT(6,9)|SOLAR ENERGY(6,2)|STAINLESS STEEL PLATE(6,2)|WIND ENERGY(6,2)|COMPLEX SHAPED FLOW(6,1)|DESORPTION REGENERATION(6,1)|REDUNDANT POWER GENERATION(6,1)|CALCIUM OXIDE(5,3)|PRECIPITATED SEAWATER(5,1)|GAS TANK(4,3)|POWER GRID(4,2)|SEAWATER FLOW PIPELINE(4,2)|AIR PUMP(3,5)|CELL BODY(3,2)|CARBON NANOTUBE(3,1)|CARBONIZATION TREATMENT(3,1)|GRAPHITE POLAR(3,1)| | (CN116920577)|1. The seawater carbon fixing device driven by renewable energy sources is characterized by comprising a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|2. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 1 wherein the power generation module comprises a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|3. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 1 wherein an air pump is disposed around the pretreatment tank for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank.|4. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 1 wherein said gas storage module comprises a plurality of gas tanks.|5. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 1 wherein the reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks in communication with the pretreatment tank through seawater flow conduits, the plurality of reaction tanks in communication with the gas storage module through gas collection conduits.|6. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 5 wherein said reaction tank comprises a tank body and a roof; the top of the pool body is provided with the top plate in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the cell body; the pool body is provided with a first interface communicated with the seawater flow pipeline and a second interface communicated with the gas collecting pipeline.|7. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 6 wherein the bottom of the side of the tank is provided with an electromagnetic valve for evacuating fluid from the tank.|8. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 6 wherein said cathode plate is a stainless steel plate and said anode plate is a graphite plate.|9. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 6 wherein a plurality of said cathode plates and a plurality of said anode plates are disposed in said tank at spaced apart intervals.|10. The renewable energy driven seawater carbon device of claim 6 wherein a plurality of support posts are disposed in the tank in a lateral direction, the cathode plate and the anode plate being disposed between adjacent support posts. | (CN116920577)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon fixing devices, in particular to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] A direct air capture method for carbon dioxide is disclosed in the publication CN115155239a, which comprises the following steps: (1) absorption stage: absorbing and capturing carbon dioxide in the air through an adsorbent until the carbon dioxide is saturated; (2) a desorption regeneration stage: heating the adsorbent to 105-110 ℃ under high vacuum state to desorb and regenerate the adsorbent and release pure carbon dioxide gas; (3) a cooling stage: cooling the adsorbent to room temperature by using air, and then performing the next absorption-desorption regeneration cycle; the adsorbent is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing pulverized coal with a potassium carbonate solution, and performing activation treatment to generate a porous carbon material; and mixing the adsorbent with the carbon nano tube and the ionic liquid, and performing carbonization treatment to obtain the adsorbent. The method for directly capturing the carbon dioxide in the air can efficiently absorb the carbon dioxide in the air, does not need excessive regeneration energy consumption, and has low cost and simple process and easy operation.|[0003] The method for directly capturing the carbon dioxide in the air captures the carbon dioxide in the air, the adsorbent adsorbs the carbon dioxide to saturation, and the adsorbent is heated to release and collect the high-concentration carbon dioxide. The process is complex in flow, high in cost and easy to release secondarily.|[0004] Seawater is naturally enriched with a large amount of carbon dioxide and has huge total amount, and the seawater contains huge capacity, so that if the energy in the ocean can be utilized to fix carbon dioxide in the seawater, the carbon dioxide content can be effectively reduced, and the energy in the ocean can be effectively utilized, so that a renewable energy source driven seawater carbon fixing device is needed.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which can be used for fixing carbon in seawater by utilizing energy in the ocean.|[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:|[0007] the invention provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module is connected with the gas storage module; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|[0008] Optionally, the power generation module comprises a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|[0009] Optionally, an air pump is arranged around the pretreatment tank, and the air pump is used for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank.|[0010] Optionally, the gas storage module includes a plurality of gas tanks.|[0011] Optionally, the reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks, the reaction tanks are communicated with the pretreatment tank through a seawater flow pipeline, and the reaction tanks are communicated with the gas storage module through a gas collecting pipeline.|[0012] Optionally, the reaction tank comprises a tank body and a top plate; the top of the pool body is provided with the top plate in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the cell body; the pool body is provided with a first interface communicated with the seawater flow pipeline and a second interface communicated with the gas collecting pipeline.|[0013] Optionally, an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the tank body, and the electromagnetic valve is used for exhausting the fluid in the tank body.|[0014] Optionally, the cathode plate is a stainless steel plate, and the anode plate is a graphite plate.|[0015] Optionally, a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged in the tank body, and a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged at intervals.|[0016] Optionally, a plurality of support columns are transversely arranged in the tank body, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged between the adjacent support columns.|[0017] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:|[0018] the invention relates to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device, which mainly comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module generates electric power by utilizing wind energy and solar energy in the ocean to supply power to the whole device, and the generated redundant electric power can be integrated into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into the seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater to enable the seawater to generate hydrogen through electrolysis.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0020] FIG. 1 is a control schematic diagram of a renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration apparatus of the present invention;|[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction module in the renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device of the present invention;|[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction tank in the renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.|[0023] Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a reaction tank; 2. a seawater flow conduit; 3. a gas collection conduit; 4. an electromagnetic valve; 5. a top plate; 6. stainless steel polar plates; 7. a support column; 8. a cell body; 9. graphite polar plate.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0024] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0025] As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon device, which includes a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module, and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|[0026] The power generated by the power generation module can provide enough power supply for the whole device, so that the whole device does not need to consume external energy. The pretreatment tank is used for adjusting the pH value of the seawater to better absorb carbon dioxide. The reaction module is used for pre-treating the electrolyzed seawater, and hydrogen is produced by utilizing the electric power generated by the power generation module and is stored in the gas storage module.|[0027] In this embodiment, the power generation module includes a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|[0028] An air pump is arranged around the pretreatment tank and is used for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank. Through adding calcium oxide into the pretreatment tank, the PH value of the seawater in the pretreatment tank reaches 9, and when the air pump is used for pumping air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank, the seawater can absorb more carbon dioxide, so that the carbon fixation effect is improved, and impurities in the seawater are removed. The precipitated seawater is removed and is introduced into a reaction tank 1 for electrolytic treatment.|[0029] The gas storage module includes a plurality of gas tanks.|[0030] The reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks 1, the reaction tanks 1 are communicated with the pretreatment tank through a seawater flow pipeline 2, and the reaction tanks 1 are communicated with the gas storage module through a gas collecting pipeline 3.|[0031] The reaction tank 1 comprises a tank body 8 and a top plate 5; a top plate 5 is arranged at the top of the tank body 8 in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the tank body 8; the tank body 8 is provided with a first interface for communicating with the seawater flow pipeline 2 and a second interface for communicating with the gas collecting pipeline 3.|[0032] The bottom of the side face of the tank body 8 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 4, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is used for evacuating fluid in the tank body 8.|[0033] In this embodiment, the cathode plate is a stainless steel plate 6, and the anode plate is a graphite plate 9. A plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged in the tank body 8, and the negative plates and the positive plates are arranged at intervals. A plurality of supporting columns 7 are transversely arranged in the tank body 8, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged between the adjacent supporting columns 7.|[0034] It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.|[0035] The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in this specification with reference to specific examples, the description of which is only for the purpose of aiding in understanding the method of the present invention and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention. | (CN116920577)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon fixing devices, in particular to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] A direct air capture method for carbon dioxide is disclosed in the publication CN115155239a, which comprises the following steps: (1) absorption stage: absorbing and capturing carbon dioxide in the air through an adsorbent until the carbon dioxide is saturated; (2) a desorption regeneration stage: heating the adsorbent to 105-110 ℃ under high vacuum state to desorb and regenerate the adsorbent and release pure carbon dioxide gas; (3) a cooling stage: cooling the adsorbent to room temperature by using air, and then performing the next absorption-desorption regeneration cycle; the adsorbent is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing pulverized coal with a potassium carbonate solution, and performing activation treatment to generate a porous carbon material; and mixing the adsorbent with the carbon nano tube and the ionic liquid, and performing carbonization treatment to obtain the adsorbent. The method for directly capturing the carbon dioxide in the air can efficiently absorb the carbon dioxide in the air, does not need excessive regeneration energy consumption, and has low cost and simple process and easy operation.|[0003] The method for directly capturing the carbon dioxide in the air captures the carbon dioxide in the air, the adsorbent adsorbs the carbon dioxide to saturation, and the adsorbent is heated to release and collect the high-concentration carbon dioxide. The process is complex in flow, high in cost and easy to release secondarily.|[0004] Seawater is naturally enriched with a large amount of carbon dioxide and has huge total amount, and the seawater contains huge capacity, so that if the energy in the ocean can be utilized to fix carbon dioxide in the seawater, the carbon dioxide content can be effectively reduced, and the energy in the ocean can be effectively utilized, so that a renewable energy source driven seawater carbon fixing device is needed.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which can be used for fixing carbon in seawater by utilizing energy in the ocean.|[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:|[0007] the invention provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device which comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module is connected with the gas storage module; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|[0008] Optionally, the power generation module comprises a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|[0009] Optionally, an air pump is arranged around the pretreatment tank, and the air pump is used for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank.|[0010] Optionally, the gas storage module includes a plurality of gas tanks.|[0011] Optionally, the reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks, the reaction tanks are communicated with the pretreatment tank through a seawater flow pipeline, and the reaction tanks are communicated with the gas storage module through a gas collecting pipeline.|[0012] Optionally, the reaction tank comprises a tank body and a top plate; the top of the pool body is provided with the top plate in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the cell body; the pool body is provided with a first interface communicated with the seawater flow pipeline and a second interface communicated with the gas collecting pipeline.|[0013] Optionally, an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the tank body, and the electromagnetic valve is used for exhausting the fluid in the tank body.|[0014] Optionally, the cathode plate is a stainless steel plate, and the anode plate is a graphite plate.|[0015] Optionally, a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged in the tank body, and a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged at intervals.|[0016] Optionally, a plurality of support columns are transversely arranged in the tank body, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged between the adjacent support columns.|[0017] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:|[0018] the invention relates to a renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device, which mainly comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment tank, wherein the power generation module generates electric power by utilizing wind energy and solar energy in the ocean to supply power to the whole device, and the generated redundant electric power can be integrated into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into the seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater to enable the seawater to generate hydrogen through electrolysis.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0020] FIG. 1 is a control schematic diagram of a renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration apparatus of the present invention;|[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction module in the renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device of the present invention;|[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction tank in the renewable energy driven seawater carbon fixing device.|[0023] Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a reaction tank; 2. a seawater flow conduit; 3. a gas collection conduit; 4. an electromagnetic valve; 5. a top plate; 6. stainless steel polar plates; 7. a support column; 8. a cell body; 9. graphite polar plate.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0024] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0025] As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a renewable energy driven seawater carbon device, which includes a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module, and a pretreatment tank; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after the seawater is electrolyzed.|[0026] The power generated by the power generation module can provide enough power supply for the whole device, so that the whole device does not need to consume external energy. The pretreatment tank is used for adjusting the pH value of the seawater to better absorb carbon dioxide. The reaction module is used for pre-treating the electrolyzed seawater, and hydrogen is produced by utilizing the electric power generated by the power generation module and is stored in the gas storage module.|[0027] In this embodiment, the power generation module includes a photovoltaic power generation system and a wind power generation system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, and the wind power generation system comprises a plurality of wind power generators.|[0028] An air pump is arranged around the pretreatment tank and is used for introducing air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank. Through adding calcium oxide into the pretreatment tank, the PH value of the seawater in the pretreatment tank reaches 9, and when the air pump is used for pumping air into the seawater in the pretreatment tank, the seawater can absorb more carbon dioxide, so that the carbon fixation effect is improved, and impurities in the seawater are removed. The precipitated seawater is removed and is introduced into a reaction tank 1 for electrolytic treatment.|[0029] The gas storage module includes a plurality of gas tanks.|[0030] The reaction module comprises a plurality of reaction tanks 1, the reaction tanks 1 are communicated with the pretreatment tank through a seawater flow pipeline 2, and the reaction tanks 1 are communicated with the gas storage module through a gas collecting pipeline 3.|[0031] The reaction tank 1 comprises a tank body 8 and a top plate 5; a top plate 5 is arranged at the top of the tank body 8 in an openable way; a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged in the tank body 8; the tank body 8 is provided with a first interface for communicating with the seawater flow pipeline 2 and a second interface for communicating with the gas collecting pipeline 3.|[0032] The bottom of the side face of the tank body 8 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 4, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is used for evacuating fluid in the tank body 8.|[0033] In this embodiment, the cathode plate is a stainless steel plate 6, and the anode plate is a graphite plate 9. A plurality of negative plates and a plurality of positive plates are arranged in the tank body 8, and the negative plates and the positive plates are arranged at intervals. A plurality of supporting columns 7 are transversely arranged in the tank body 8, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged between the adjacent supporting columns 7.|[0034] It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.|[0035] The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in this specification with reference to specific examples, the description of which is only for the purpose of aiding in understanding the method of the present invention and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention. | Family Number|(106967885)|106967885|Abstract|(CN116920577 A)|The invention discloses a seawater carbon sequestration device driven by renewable energy sources , and relates to the technical field of carbon sequestration devices , the seawater carbon sequestration device comprises a power generation module , a gas storage module , a reaction module and a pretreatment pool ; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power ; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater , the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank , and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module ; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater , and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after seawater electrolysis . According to the seawater carbon sequestration device driven by the renewable energy sources , the power generation module generates electric power through wind energy and solar energy in the ocean and supplies power to the whole device , and the generated redundant electric power can be merged into a power grid ; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater ; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater , so that the seawater can be electrolyzed to generate hydrogen . |Title|(CN116920577 A)|Renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device | | Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy|Environmental technology | B01D-053/18|B01D-2257/504|C02F-001/461/09|C02F-001/66|C02F-2001/46133|C02F-2101/10|C02F-2103/08|H02J-003/38/1|H02J-007/35|H02J-2101/24 | B01D-053/18|B01D-2257/504|C02F-001/461/09|C02F-001/66|C02F-2001/46133|C02F-2101/10|C02F-2103/08|H02J-003/38/1|H02J-007/35|H02J-2101/24 | B01D-053/18|C02F-001/461|C02F-001/66|C02F-101/10|C02F-103/08|H02J-003/38|H02J-007/35 | B01D-053/18|C02F-001/461|C02F-001/66|C02F-101/10|C02F-103/08|H02J-003/38|H02J-007/35 | CN115487660|CN214361725U|CN220495989U|CN114853047|CN112593249|IN2013DN02022|CN102770194|US20110315562 | CN115487660 103055840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN214361725U 96398379 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN220495989U 108593562 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=R|CN114853047 101185026 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN112593249 93436289 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|IN2013DN02022 33508401 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN102770194 37496 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20110315562 15026344 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | US20110315562; CN102770194; IN2013DN02022; CN214361725U; CN115487660; CN220495989U; CN112593249; CN114853047 | PENDING | (CN116920577)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN116920577)|ALIVE | (CN116920577)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN116920577|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-07-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2023-07-27|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202310932717|Application date=2023-07-27|Standardized application number=2023CN-0932717|Event publication date=2023-10-24|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116920577|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-10-24|Standardized publication number=CN116920577|Event publication date=2023-10-24|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-11-10|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN116920577)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoRVQQcY7z8rE1fn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000069894897&ekey=2160&xpn=CN116920577&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=dKtsu85h7Dydzk8q%252BUqJ75NXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN116920577)|CN | (CN116920577)|NAME=TIANJING UNIV , COUNTRY=CN | (CN116920577)|NAME=HE CHENG;FANG & ASSOCIATES , REG=11385 | (CN116920577)|NAME=DENG SHUAI|NAME=WANG ZHIHENG|NAME=CHEN JIAHUAN|NAME=HUANG YUXUAN|NAME=CUI YIMING|NAME=YOU JUNRUI|NAME=WANG SHUOCHEN|NAME=LI ZHENWEI | Titre: (CN116920577)|Renewable energy driven seawater carbon sequestration device Résumé: (CN116920577)|The invention discloses a seawater carbon sequestration device driven by renewable energy sources, and relates to the technical field of carbon sequestration devices, the seawater carbon sequestration device comprises a power generation module, a gas storage module, a reaction module and a pretreatment pool; the power generation module is used for generating power and providing power; the pretreatment tank is used for containing seawater, the reaction module is communicated with the pretreatment tank, and the reaction module is communicated with the gas storage module; the reaction module is used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on the pretreated seawater, and the gas storage module is used for storing hydrogen generated after seawater electrolysis. According to the seawater carbon sequestration device driven by the renewable energy sources, the power generation module generates electric power through wind energy and solar energy in the ocean and supplies power to the whole device, and the generated redundant electric power can be merged into a power grid; the pretreatment tank is used for adding calcium oxide into seawater to adjust the pH value of the seawater and improve the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the seawater; the reaction module is used for electrolyzing the pretreated seawater, so that the seawater can be electrolyzed to generate hydrogen. | 2.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a seawater carbon sequestration device that uses renewable energy and electrolytic treatment, without mentioning iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 8.0 | 0.0 | (CN116920577)|1 | (CN116920577)|9 | (CN116920577)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN116920577)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN116920577)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-10-24|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-4301|Number of Pages: NPAGES=7| | (CN116920577)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN116920577)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 | CN202211091646 | CN202211091646 | CN116298083 | 105410476 | CN116298083 A 2023-06-23 [CN116298083] | 2022-09-07 | 2022-09-07 | 2023-06-23 | (CN116298083)|2024-02-02 | (CN116298083)|Sea grass bed carbon sequestration monitoring system of marine ecosystem | (CN116298083)|The invention discloses a marine ecosystem sea grass bed carbon sequestration monitoring system, which relates to the related technical field of marine environment evaluation monitoring and comprises a sea grass bed culture mechanism, a sea grass bed sampling vessel, a carbon content monitoring analysis mechanism, a carbon sequestration system external processor and a liquid crystal display screen, the seaweed bed culture mechanism comprises a culture bed frame, a honeycomb-shaped water filtering screen plate, a separation beam frame, a connecting ring, a supporting connecting rod, a pre-buried foundation column and a separation diaphragm, and the pre-buried foundation column is pre-buried into a soil layer close to the bottom of the ocean and fixedly connected with the supporting connecting rod. According to the invention, by arranging the sea grass bed culture mechanism, the sea grass bed sampling vessel, the carbon content monitoring analysis mechanism and the carbon sequestration system external processor, the carbon sequestration amount of each growth cycle of the sea grass bed in the ocean system can be monitored and measured; a worker can be helped to find out a method for improving the carbon sequestration capability of the ecological seaweed bed in the growth period according to the difference of the carbon sequestration capability of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods measured through monitoring. | MAO YUANLI ([CN]) | (CN116298083)|MAO YUANLI ([CN]) | MAO YUANLI | (CN116298083)|MAO YUANLI | (CN116298083)|WANG HAILING;Suzhou Kaiqian Jubang Patent Agency (General Partnership)|Reg. Nb: 32303 | (CN116298083)|Therefore, it is necessary to provide a seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system for a marine ecosystem to solve the above problems.| | (CN116298083)|1. A sea grass bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecosystem is characterized in that: comprises a seaweed bed culture mechanism (1), a seaweed bed sampling vessel (2), a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism (3), an external processor (4) of a carbon fixation system and a liquid crystal display screen (5);the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism (1) comprises a cultivation bed frame (101), a honeycomb water filtering screen plate (102), a separation beam frame (103), a connecting ring (104), a support connecting rod (105), a pre-buried base column (106) and a separation membrane (107), wherein the pre-buried base column (106) is pre-buried and beaten into a soil layer near the bottom of the ocean, the pre-buried base column (106) is fixedly connected with the support connecting rod (105), the support connecting rod (105) passes through four corner connecting holes of the cultivation bed frame (101) and then is in threaded connection with the connecting ring (104), the honeycomb water filtering screen plate (102) is paved in a bottom port of the cultivation bed frame (101), the separation beam frame (103) is welded between the inner side surface of the cultivation bed frame (101), and the separation membrane (107) is arranged between the separation beam frame (103) and the honeycomb water filtering screen plate (102) in a binding mode;the carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism (3) comprises a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument (301), a combustion device (302), a heat-resistant base (309), an oxygen supply tank (303), a blower (304) and an oxygen blowing pipe (305), wherein a mounting end groove (306) for placing a seaweed bed sampling vessel (2) is formed in the front end of the combustion device (302), a high-power heating chassis is arranged at the bottom of the combustion device (302) and is used for evaporating and burning a seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel (2), the carbon quantity collected by the growth of the seaweed bed is released, an oxygen outlet pipe of the oxygen blowing pipe (305) is arranged above the mounting end groove (306) and is used for adding oxygen for supplying the complete combustion of the seaweed bed into the seaweed bed sampling vessel (2), an oxygen supply tank bracket (307) is arranged outside the combustion device (302), the air inlet pipe end 303 of the blower (304) is attached to the upper side of the oxygen supply tank bracket (307), the air inlet pipe 303 is connected with an oxygen supply pipe (303) through an air guide pipe, and the oxygen outlet pipe (305) is connected with a data transmission port (308) of the oxygen blowing pipe (301) through the oxygen blowing pipe;one side of the external processor (4) of the carbon fixing system is provided with a data receiving interface (401);the carbon fixation increment in each growth period monitored by the carbon fixation external processor (4) is delta,delta=c2-C1, (C2 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the current growth cycle, C1 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the previous growth cycle);c2 C20 x m20, (C20 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the previous growth cycle, M20 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the previous growth cycle, m20=area of the monitored ocean area ≡area of sampling unit);the average value C20= (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed of each unit sampling side, wherein C21, C22, C23, C24 and C25 are the total carbon fixation amount of each group of unit sampling sides, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument (301);c1 C10 x m10, (C10 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the current growth cycle, M10 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the current growth cycle, m10=area of the monitored ocean area/area of sampling unit);the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed of each unit sampling side C10= (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15)/5, and C11, C12, C13, C14 and C15 are the total carbon fixation amount of each group of unit sampling sides, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument (301).| | (CN116298083)|Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system, which can be used for realizing the monitoring and detection of carbon fixation capacity of the ecological seaweed bed in each growth period in a marine ecological area.|The invention discloses a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system, which relates to the technical field related to marine environment evaluation and monitoring and comprises a seaweed bed culture mechanism, a seaweed bed sampling vessel, a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism, an external processor of the carbon fixation system and a liquid crystal display screen, wherein the seaweed bed culture mechanism comprises a culture bed frame, a honeycomb water filtering screen, a separation beam frame, a connecting ring, a support connecting rod, an embedded base column and a separation diaphragm, the embedded base column is embedded into a soil layer near the bottom of the sea, and the embedded base column is fixedly connected with the support connecting rod.|The invention relates to the technical field related to marine environment evaluation and monitoring, in particular to a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system.| | (CN116298083)|CARBON FIXATION(100,75)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM(100,8)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM NAVIGATION(100,8)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM SEAWEED BED(100,8)|MONITORING CARBON FIXATION(100,8)|SEA GRASS(100,4)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(100,3)|SEAWEED BED(71,70)|SEAWEED BED SAMPLING DISH(56,4)|SEAWEED(55,56)|ECOLOGICAL SEAWEED BED(48,7)|GROWTH CYCLE(35,23)|SEAWEED BED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(35,1)|CULTIVATION BED FRAME(32,15)|SEPARATION BEAM FRAME(32,11)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT EVALUATION(32,2)|SEAWEED BED GROWTH(31,8)|HONEYCOMB WATER FILTERING SCREEN(29,1)|CARBON CONTENT MONITORING(28,11)|FILTERING SCREEN PLATE(28,2)|HONEYCOMB(27,17)|CULTURE(27,11)|SEPARATION MEMBRANE(27,11)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(26,26)|FLOATING SEAWEED BED(24,3)|EMBEDDED BASE COLUMN(23,9)|SEAWEED BED MATURE PERIOD(23,1)|SEAWEED COMPLETE COMBUSTION(23,1)|GROWTH PERIOD(22,20)|COMBUSTION(22,17)|MONITORED OCEAN AREA(22,17)|CARBON FIXATION PROCESSOR(22,1)|CULTURE BED FRAME(21,22)|OXYGEN OUTLET PIPE(20,4)|OXYGEN SUPPLY PIPE(20,1)|WATER FILTERING SCREEN(20,1)|GROUND LAYER(19,6)|SEPARATION DIAPHRAGM(19,5)|CARBON FIXATION INCREMENT(19,2)|SEAWEED BED GROWTH PERIOD(18,4)|TANK BRACKET(18,3)|TOTAL CARBON FIXATION(17,14)|OXYGEN SUPPLY TANK BRACKET(17,2)|BODY MEASURING INSTRUMENT(16,12)|CARBON FIXATION CAPACITY(16,12)|BLOWER(16,9)|LUXURIANT GROWTH(16,3)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL AREA(16,2)|C90(15,8)|HEATING CHASSIS(15,8)|CULTIVATION(15,6)|SEA GRASS BED(15,2)|AIR GUIDE PIPE(15,1)|DATA TRANSMISSION(15,1)|LIFTING HANDLE(15,1)|SAMPLING UNIT(14,28)|SUPPORT CONNECTING ROD(14,13)|BASE COLUMN(14,10)|TOTAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(14,8)|C11(14,7)|INSTALLATION DIMENSION(14,3)|AIR INLET PIPE(13,4)|OXYGEN SUPPLY TANK(13,4)|WATER FILTERING SCREEN PLATE(13,1)|CARBON FIXING(11,9)|LCD SCREEN(11,4)|SEAWEED BED SAMPLE DISH(11,4)|MATURITY PERIOD(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(10,27)|CARBON FIXING INCREMENT(10,2)|MESHED PLATE(9,16)|CARBON ALLOY(9,3)|THREADED CONNECTION(9,3)|SOLID CONCRETE BASE PIER(9,2)|OFFSHORE SEAWEED BED ROLE(8,1)|LCD(7,12)|COMPLETE COMBUSTION(7,2)|GROWING AQUATIC WEED BED(7,2)|SEAWEED BED PLANT(7,2)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL STAFF(7,1)|DATA TRANSMISSION INTERFACE(6,7)|WATER MOLECULE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE(6,5)|DATA TRANSMISSION CABLE(6,4)|LONG TIDE(6,3)|SOLID STEEL(6,3)|SEAWATER BUOYANCY ACTION(6,2)|SEAWEED BED METABOLISM(6,1)|SEPARATION BEAM(5,7)|INORGANIC MATTER(5,6)|HEAT RESISTANT BASE(5,4)|TOTAL CARBON DATA(5,3)|SEA AREA MONITORING(5,2)|SAMPLED SAMPLING PARTY(5,1)|SEAWEED BED SAMPLING DEPTH(5,1)|UNIT SAMPLING SIDE(4,12)|CARBON FIXING PROCESSOR(4,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION PROCESSOR(4,3)|MOUNTING END GROOVE(4,3)|FLOATING ROOT HAIR(4,2)|ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|OFFSHORE ORGANISM(4,1)|OXYGEN UPPER SIDE(4,1)|SEAWEED UNIT SAMPLING PARTY(4,1)|CONNECTING ROD SUPPORT(3,7)|ALUMINUM ALLOY MATERIAL(3,5)|AIR BLOWER(3,3)|HONEYCOMB WATER(3,3)|SUPPORTING CONNECTING ROD DIAMETER(3,3)|SAMPLED UNIT SAMPLING PARTY(3,2)|UNIT SEAWEED BED(3,2)|CALCULATED SEAWEED(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|NUTRIENT FOOD(3,1)|SEA WIND(3,1)|SOLID CONCRETE PIER(3,1)|UPPER SIDE(3,1)|GROUND(2,3)|HIGH POWER HEATING CHASSIS(2,3)|SEAWEED TOTAL AREA(2,3)|COMBUSTION BOTTOM(2,2)|SEAWATER DARK CURRENT IMPACT(2,2)|ANALYZING BODY(2,1)|CARBON CIRCULATION(2,1)|CARBON FIXATION AVERAGE CAPACITY(2,1)|DIVIDING BEAM FRAME(2,1)|ECOLOGICAL CARBON FIXATION(2,1)|HABITAT(2,1)|LIVING THING(2,1)|MATURITY(2,1)|SEAWEED BED COMPLETE COMBUSTION(2,1)| | (CN116298083)|1. A sea grass bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecosystem is characterized in that: comprises a seaweed bed culture mechanism (1), a seaweed bed sampling vessel (2), a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism (3), an external processor (4) of a carbon fixation system and a liquid crystal display screen (5);|the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism (1) comprises a cultivation bed frame (101), a honeycomb water filtering screen plate (102), a separation beam frame (103), a connecting ring (104), a support connecting rod (105), a pre-buried base column (106) and a separation membrane (107), wherein the pre-buried base column (106) is pre-buried and beaten into a soil layer near the bottom of the ocean, the pre-buried base column (106) is fixedly connected with the support connecting rod (105), the support connecting rod (105) passes through four corner connecting holes of the cultivation bed frame (101) and then is in threaded connection with the connecting ring (104), the honeycomb water filtering screen plate (102) is paved in a bottom port of the cultivation bed frame (101), the separation beam frame (103) is welded between the inner side surface of the cultivation bed frame (101), and the separation membrane (107) is arranged between the separation beam frame (103) and the honeycomb water filtering screen plate (102) in a binding mode;|the carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism (3) comprises a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument (301), a combustion device (302), a heat-resistant base (309), an oxygen supply tank (303), a blower (304) and an oxygen blowing pipe (305), wherein a mounting end groove (306) for placing a seaweed bed sampling vessel (2) is formed in the front end of the combustion device (302), a high-power heating chassis is arranged at the bottom of the combustion device (302) and is used for evaporating and burning a seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel (2), the carbon quantity collected by the growth of the seaweed bed is released, an oxygen outlet pipe of the oxygen blowing pipe (305) is arranged above the mounting end groove (306) and is used for adding oxygen for supplying the complete combustion of the seaweed bed into the seaweed bed sampling vessel (2), an oxygen supply tank bracket (307) is arranged outside the combustion device (302), the air inlet pipe end 303 of the blower (304) is attached to the upper side of the oxygen supply tank bracket (307), the air inlet pipe 303 is connected with an oxygen supply pipe (303) through an air guide pipe, and the oxygen outlet pipe (305) is connected with a data transmission port (308) of the oxygen blowing pipe (301) through the oxygen blowing pipe;|one side of the external processor (4) of the carbon fixing system is provided with a data receiving interface (401);|the carbon fixation increment in each growth period monitored by the carbon fixation external processor (4) is delta,|delta=c2-C1, (C2 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the current growth cycle, C1 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the previous growth cycle);|c2 C20 x m20, (C20 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the previous growth cycle, M20 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the previous growth cycle, m20=area of the monitored ocean area ≡area of sampling unit);|the average value C20= (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed of each unit sampling side, wherein C21, C22, C23, C24 and C25 are the total carbon fixation amount of each group of unit sampling sides, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument (301);|c1 C10 x m10, (C10 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the current growth cycle, M10 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the current growth cycle, m10=area of the monitored ocean area/area of sampling unit);|the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed of each unit sampling side C10= (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15)/5, and C11, C12, C13, C14 and C15 are the total carbon fixation amount of each group of unit sampling sides, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument (301).|2. A marine ecosystem seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:|the culture bed frame (101), the honeycomb water filtering net plate (102) and the separation beam frame (103) are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials, the support connecting rod (105) is made of solid steel, the embedded base column (106) is a solid concrete base pier, the connecting ring (104) is made of carbon alloy, and the separation membrane (107) is a water molecule permeable membrane.|3. A marine ecosystem seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:|the diameters of four corner connecting holes of the culture bed frame (101) are slightly larger than the diameters of the supporting connecting rods (105), and the culture bed frame (101) can float and move along with long tide or falling tide under the buoyancy effect of water.|4. A marine ecosystem seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:|the height between the honeycomb water filtering net plate (102) and the upper end surface of the culture bed frame (101) is +20CM of the mature period of the seaweed bed.|5. A marine ecosystem seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:|the external dimension of the installation end groove (306) is matched with the external dimension of the seaweed bed sampling dish (2), and a lifting handle (201) is fixedly arranged outside the seaweed bed sampling dish (2).|6. A marine ecosystem seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:|the image output end of the external processor 4 of the carbon fixing system is electrically connected with the liquid crystal display screen 5, and the liquid crystal display screen (5) is used for displaying and monitoring that the carbon fixing increment in each growth period is delta.|7. A marine ecosystem seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:|the depth of the seaweed bed sampling dish (2) is greater than the overall height of the floating seaweed bed during periods of luxuriant growth.|8. A marine ecosystem seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the data receiving interface (401) is connected with the data transmission interface (308) through a data transmission cable and is used for transmitting the data of the total carbon amount measured by the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument (301) to the external processor (4) of the carbon fixing system.|9. A marine ecosystem seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the unit sampling party of the sea grass bed carbon fixation amount (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15) or (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25) is used for selecting the unit sampling party on the sea grass bed at four corners and the center in the monitored sea area during sampling. | (CN116298083)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field related to marine environment evaluation and monitoring, in particular to a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The seaweed bed is an important component part in a marine ecological system, particularly in offshore or coastal waters, has important values for the growth and propagation and metabolism of the seaweed bed for carbon circulation in an ecological environment, is beneficial to carbon sequestration and carbon sequestration, and has important functions of adjusting water quality, providing nutrient food for offshore organisms, providing habitat for living things and the like.|[0003] Along with the continuous development of ecological concepts, people gradually realize the important role of an offshore seaweed bed in ecological carbon fixation, so that the method has important significance for monitoring the growth of the seaweed bed in a marine ecological system, and the carbon fixation capacity of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods is observed and monitored to be beneficial to helping marine ecological staff study the growth of the seaweed bed, so that the carbon fixation capacity of the seaweed bed in the growth period is improved, but the monitoring and detection of the carbon fixation capacity of the ecological seaweed bed in each growth period in a marine ecological area cannot be realized in the prior art.|[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system for a marine ecosystem to solve the above problems.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] (one) solving the technical problems|[0006] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system, which can be used for realizing the monitoring and detection of carbon fixation capacity of the ecological seaweed bed in each growth period in a marine ecological area.|[0007] (II) technical scheme|[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:|[0009] a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system comprises a seaweed bed culture mechanism, a seaweed bed sampling vessel, a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism, an external processor of the carbon fixation system and a liquid crystal display screen;|[0010] the seaweed bed culture mechanism comprises a culture bed frame, a honeycomb water filtering net plate, a separation beam frame, a connecting ring, a support connecting rod, an embedded base column and a separation diaphragm, wherein the embedded base column is embedded into a soil layer near the bottom of the ocean, the embedded base column is fixedly connected with the support connecting rod, the support connecting rod penetrates through four corner connecting holes of the culture bed frame and then is in threaded connection with the connecting ring, the honeycomb water filtering net plate is paved in a bottom port of the culture bed frame, the separation beam frame is welded between the inner side surfaces of the culture bed frame, and the separation diaphragm is arranged between the separation beam frame and the honeycomb water filtering net plate in a binding band and side binding mode;|[0011] the carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism comprises a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument, a combustion device, a heat-resistant base, an oxygen supply tank, a blower and an oxygen blowing pipe, wherein the front end of the combustion device is provided with a mounting end groove for placing a seaweed bed sampling vessel, the bottom of the combustion device is provided with a high-power heating chassis, the heating chassis is used for evaporating and burning a seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel to release the carbon content collected by the growth of the seaweed bed, an oxygen outlet pipe of the oxygen blowing pipe is arranged above the mounting end groove and is used for adding oxygen for completely burning the seaweed bed into the seaweed bed sampling vessel, the oxygen supply tank is arranged outside the combustion device, the oxygen supply tank is attached to the upper part of the oxygen supply tank bracket, an air inlet pipe end of the blower is connected with the oxygen supply tank through an air duct, an air outlet pipe end of the blower is fixedly connected with the oxygen blowing pipe through the air duct, and one side of the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument is provided with a data transmission interface;|[0012] one side of the external processor of the carbon fixing system is provided with a data receiving interface;|[0013] the increase in carbon sequestration per growth cycle monitored by the carbon sequestration external processor 4 is delta,|[0014] delta=c2-C1, (C2 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the current growth cycle, C1 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the previous growth cycle);|[0015] c2 C20 x m20, (C20 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the previous growth cycle, M20 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the previous growth cycle, m20=area of the monitored ocean area ≡area of sampling unit);|[0016] the average value C20= (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, wherein C21, C22, C23, C24 and C25 are the total carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by the carbon dioxide body amount analyzer 301;|[0017] c1 C10 x m10, (C10 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the current growth cycle, M10 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the current growth cycle, m10=area of the monitored ocean area/area of sampling unit);|[0018] the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed of each unit sampling side C10= (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15)/5, and C11, C12, C13, C14 and C15 are the total carbon fixation amount of each group of unit sampling sides, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by a carbon dioxide body analyzer.|[0019] Optionally, the bed frame, the honeycomb water filtering net plate and the separation beam frame are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials, the supporting connecting rod is made of solid steel, the embedded base column is a solid concrete base pier, the connecting ring is made of carbon alloy, and the separation membrane is a water molecule permeable membrane.|[0020] Optionally, the diameters of the four corner connecting holes of the culture bed frame are slightly larger than the diameters of the supporting connecting rods, and the culture bed frame can float and move along with long tide or falling tide under the buoyancy effect of water.|[0021] Optionally, the height between the honeycomb water filtering net plate and the upper end surface of the bed frame of the culture bed is +20cm.|[0022] Optionally, the overall dimension of installation end groove and the overall dimension looks adaptation of seaweed bed sample dish, the outside of seaweed bed sample dish is fixed and is provided with carries the handle.|[0023] Optionally, the image output end of the external processor of the carbon fixing system is electrically connected with a liquid crystal display, and the liquid crystal display is used for displaying and monitoring that the carbon fixing increment in each growth period is delta.|[0024] Optionally, the depth of the seaweed bed sampling dish is greater than the overall height of the floating seaweed bed during periods of luxuriant growth.|[0025] Optionally, the data receiving interface is connected with the data transmission interface through a data transmission cable, and is used for transmitting the data of the total carbon amount measured by the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument to an external processor of the carbon fixing system.|[0026] Optionally, the unit sampling party of the sea grass bed carbon fixation amount (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15) or (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25) of the unit sampling party selects the unit sampling party on sea grass beds at four corners and the center in the monitored sea area when sampling.|[0027] (III) beneficial effects|[0028] The invention provides a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecosystem, which has the following beneficial effects:|[0029] 1. when the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism is used, the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism is arranged firstly, the pre-buried base column is placed in soil at the bottom of a sea area, then four corner connecting holes of the cultivation bed frame penetrate through the supporting connecting rods, the cultivation bed frame floats on the water surface under the buoyancy effect of seawater, along with continuous growth of the seaweed bed, the seaweed bed grows in each area formed between the cultivation bed frame and the separation beam frame and the separation membrane, and therefore the total area of the seaweed bed growing in the ocean water area in each period can be calculated accurately.|[0030] 2. According to the invention, the carbon fixation of a unit seaweed bed to be sampled is converted into inorganic matters and carbon dioxide, a seaweed bed sampling vessel is placed in a mounting end groove, a combustion device and an air blower are started, the seaweed bed sampling vessel is heated after heat is generated by a heating chassis in the combustion device, the seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel is firstly evaporated and then dried and then combusted, so that the seaweed bed is converted into carbon dioxide and inorganic matters, and oxygen is introduced into the combustion device so as to facilitate the complete combustion of the seaweed bed, so that the carbon fixation content of the seaweed bed is completely released.|[0031] 3. According to the invention, the seaweed bed culture mechanism, the seaweed bed sampling vessel, the carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism and the external processor of the carbon fixation system are arranged, so that the monitoring and measuring of the carbon fixation amount of each growth period of the seaweed bed in the ocean system is realized, and a method for improving the carbon fixation capacity of the seaweed bed in the growth period is conveniently found by helping staff according to the difference of the carbon fixation capacities of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods in the monitoring and measuring manner.|[0032] 4. According to the invention, the separation membrane adopts the water molecule permeable membrane for avoiding mutual interaction of microorganisms in a water body and influencing the growth conditions of the seaweed beds in different interval areas, the formed seaweed beds are protected by the honeycomb water filtering net plate, the seaweed beds are prevented from being scattered or rushed away from a detection area under the impact of sea water dark current, and the culture bed frame, the honeycomb water filtering net plate and the separation beam frame are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials for enabling the seaweed bed culture mechanism to float on the sea surface under the action of sea water buoyancy.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a seaweed bed cultivation mechanism of the present invention;|[0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism of the present invention;|[0035] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism according to the present invention;|[0036] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an external processor and a liquid crystal display of the carbon sequestration system of the present invention;|[0037] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the sample points of the seaweed bed according to the present invention;|[0038] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a seaweed bed vegetation layer of the present invention;|[0039] fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a control flow of the present invention.|[0040] In the figure: 1. a seaweed bed cultivation mechanism; 101. a bed frame of the culture bed; 102. honeycomb water filtering screen plate; 103. a dividing beam frame; 104. a connecting ring; 105. a support link; 106. pre-burying a base column; 107. a separation membrane; 2. sea weed bed sampling vessel; 201. a handle; 3. a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism; 301. a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument; 302. a combustion device; 303. an oxygen supply tank; 304. a blower; 305. an oxygen blowing pipe; 306. installing an end groove; 307. an oxygen supply tank holder; 308. a data transmission interface; 309. a heat resistant base; 4. an external processor of the carbon fixing system; 401. a data receiving interface; 5. a liquid crystal display.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0041] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0042] According to the invention, as shown in fig. 1-7, a technical scheme is provided:|[0043] a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system comprises a seaweed bed culture mechanism 1, a seaweed bed sampling vessel 2, a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism 3, an external processor 4 of the carbon fixation system and a liquid crystal display 5;|[0044] the seaweed bed culture mechanism 1 comprises a culture bed frame 101, a honeycomb water filtering net plate 102, a separation beam frame 103, a connecting ring 104, a support connecting rod 105, a pre-buried base column 106 and a separation diaphragm 107, wherein the pre-buried base column 106 is pre-buried and is beaten into a soil layer near the bottom of the ocean, the pre-buried base column 106 is fixedly connected with the support connecting rod 105, the support connecting rod 105 penetrates through four corner connecting holes of the culture bed frame 101 and is then in threaded connection with the connecting ring 104, the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 is paved in a bottom port of the culture bed frame 101, the separation beam frame 103 is welded between the inner side surfaces of the culture bed frame 101, and the separation diaphragm 107 is arranged between the separation beam frame 103 and the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 in a binding mode;|[0045] the carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism 3 comprises a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument 301, a combustion device 302, a heat-resistant base 309, an oxygen supply tank 303, a blower 304 and an oxygen blowing pipe 305, wherein the front end of the combustion device 302 is provided with a mounting end groove 306 for placing a seaweed bed sampling vessel 2, the bottom of the combustion device 302 is provided with a high-power heating chassis, the heating chassis is used for evaporating and burning seaweed beds in the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2, the carbon content collected by the growth of the seaweed beds is released, an oxygen outlet pipe of the oxygen blowing pipe 305 is arranged above the mounting end groove 306 and is used for adding oxygen for completely burning the seaweed beds into the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2, an oxygen supply tank bracket 307 is arranged outside the combustion device 302, the oxygen supply tank 303 is attached to the upper part of the oxygen supply tank bracket 307, an air inlet pipe end of the blower 304 is connected with the oxygen supply tank 303 through an air duct, the air outlet pipe end of the blower 305 is fixedly connected with the oxygen blowing pipe 305 through the air duct, and one side of the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument 301 is provided with a data transmission interface 308;|[0046] one side of the external processor 4 of the carbon fixing system is provided with a data receiving interface 401;|[0047] the increase in carbon sequestration per growth cycle monitored by the carbon sequestration external processor 4 is delta,|[0048] delta=c2-C1, (C2 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the current growth cycle, C1 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the previous growth cycle);|[0049] c2 C20 x m20, (C20 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the previous growth cycle, M20 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the previous growth cycle, m20=area of the monitored ocean area ≡area of sampling unit);|[0050] the average value C20= (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, wherein C21, C22, C23, C24 and C25 are the total carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by the carbon dioxide body amount analyzer 301;|[0051] c1 C10 x m10, (C10 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the current growth cycle, M10 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the current growth cycle, m10=area of the monitored ocean area/area of sampling unit);|[0052] the average value c10= (c11+c12+c13+c14+c15)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15 is the total amount of carbon fixation of the unit sampling side per group, and the total amount of carbon fixation is determined by the carbon dioxide mass analyzer 301.|[0053] As an alternative solution of the invention: the culture bed frame 101, the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 and the separation beam frame 103 are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials, the support connecting rod 105 is made of solid steel, the embedded base column 106 is a solid concrete pier, the connecting ring 104 is made of carbon alloy, the separation membrane 107 is a water molecule permeable membrane, the separation membrane 107 adopts the water molecule permeable membrane for avoiding mutual interaction of microorganisms in a water body and affecting the growth condition of a weed bed in different interval areas, the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 is arranged for protecting the formed weed bed, and the weed bed is prevented from being scattered or rushed away from a detection area under the impact of sea water dark current, and the culture bed frame 101, the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 and the separation beam frame 103 are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials for enabling the weed bed culture mechanism 1 to float on the sea under the action of sea water buoyancy.|[0054] As an alternative solution of the invention: the diameters of the four corner connecting holes of the cultivating bed frame 101 are slightly larger than the diameters of the supporting connecting rods 105, and the cultivating bed frame 101 can float and move along with long tide or falling tide under the buoyancy of water.|[0055] As an alternative solution of the invention: the height between the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 and the upper end surface of the culture bed frame 101 is +20cm for ensuring that the top height of the plant of the seaweed bed is still not more than that of the culture bed frame 101 after the seaweed bed grows to the maturity, and avoiding the plant of the seaweed bed from being broken due to sea wind.|[0056] As an alternative solution of the invention: the overall dimension of installation end groove 306 and the overall dimension looks adaptation of seaweed bed sample dish 2, and the outside of seaweed bed sample dish 2 is fixed to be provided with carries and takes handle 201, through setting up carries handle 201 for make things convenient for the staff to get and put seaweed bed sample dish 2.|[0057] As an alternative solution of the invention: the image output end of the external processor 4 of the carbon fixation system is electrically connected with the liquid crystal display 5, and the liquid crystal display 5 is used for displaying and monitoring that the carbon fixation increment in each growth period is delta.|[0058] As an alternative solution of the invention: the depth of the seaweed bed sampling dish 2 is greater than the overall height of the floating seaweed bed during periods of luxuriant growth.|[0059] As an alternative solution of the invention: the data receiving interface 401 is connected to the data transmitting interface 308 through a data transmitting cable, and is used for transmitting the data of the total carbon amount measured by the carbon dioxide body amount measuring instrument 301 to the external processor 4 of the carbon fixing system.|[0060] As an alternative solution of the invention: the unit sampling party of the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15) or (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25) is used for selecting the unit sampling party on the seaweed bed at four corners and the center in the monitored ocean area during sampling, so that the sampled sampling party is more representative, and the calculated seaweed bed carbon fixation average capacity is more accurate.|[0061] Working principle: when the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism 1 is used, firstly, the pre-buried base column 106 is placed in soil at the bottom of a sea area, then four corner connecting holes of the cultivation bed frame 101 penetrate through the supporting connecting rods 105, under the buoyancy of seawater, the cultivation bed frame 101 floats on the water surface, along with the continuous growth of the seaweed bed, the seaweed bed grows in each area formed between the cultivation bed frame 101 and the separation beam frame 103 and the separation membrane 107, and therefore the total area of the seaweed bed growing in the ocean water in each period can be calculated accurately;|[0062] when sampling is carried out, staff can respectively sample a unit sampling party in the four corner areas and the central point areas in the ecological area of the aquatic weed bed, the aquatic weed bed and the floating root hair of the growing aquatic weed bed are integrated to form a soil layer for sampling integrally, and after sampling, the sea weed bed of the sampled unit sampling party is respectively placed into a sea weed bed sampling vessel 2;|[0063] the solid carbon of the unit seaweed bed is converted into inorganic matters and carbon dioxide, the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is placed in the installation end groove 306, the combustion device 302 and the air blower 304 are started, the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is heated after the heating chassis in the combustion device 302 generates heat, the seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is firstly evaporated to dryness and then dried and then burned, so that the seaweed bed is converted into carbon dioxide and inorganic matters, oxygen is introduced into the combustion device 302 so that the seaweed bed is fully burned, and the solid carbon content of the seaweed bed is completely released;|[0064] the total carbon content of the released carbon dioxide is measured by the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument 301 and then is sent to the external processor 4 of the carbon fixation system through the data transmission cable and the data receiving interface 401 by the data transmission interface 308;|[0065] the increase in carbon sequestration per growth cycle monitored by the carbon sequestration external processor 4 is delta,|[0066] delta=c2-C1, (C2 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the current growth cycle, C1 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the previous growth cycle);|[0067] c2 C20 x m20, (C20 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the previous growth cycle, M20 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the previous growth cycle, m20=area of the monitored ocean area ≡area of sampling unit);|[0068] the average value C20= (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, wherein C21, C22, C23, C24 and C25 are the total carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by the carbon dioxide body amount analyzer 301;|[0069] c1 C10 x m10, (C10 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the current growth cycle, M10 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the current growth cycle, m10=area of the monitored ocean area/area of sampling unit);|[0070] the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed of each unit sampling side C10= (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15)/5, wherein C11, C12, C13, C14 and C15 are the total carbon fixation amount of each group of unit sampling sides, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by the carbon dioxide body amount measuring instrument 301;|[0071] therefore, monitoring and measuring of carbon fixation amount of each growth period of the seaweed bed in the ocean system are completed, and workers can be helped to find out a method for improving carbon fixation capacity of the seaweed bed in the growth period according to the difference of carbon fixation capacities of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods in the monitoring and measuring mode.|[0072] To sum up: when the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism 1 is used, firstly, the pre-buried base column 106 is placed in soil at the bottom of a sea area, then four corner connecting holes of the cultivation bed frame 101 penetrate through the supporting connecting rods 105, under the buoyancy of seawater, the cultivation bed frame 101 floats on the water surface, along with the continuous growth of the seaweed bed, the seaweed bed grows in each area formed between the cultivation bed frame 101 and the separation beam frame 103 and the separation membrane 107, and therefore the total area of the seaweed bed growing in the ocean water in each period can be calculated accurately;|[0073] when sampling is carried out, staff can respectively sample a unit sampling party in the four corner areas and the central point areas in the ecological area of the aquatic weed bed, the aquatic weed bed and the floating root hair of the growing aquatic weed bed are integrated to form a soil layer for sampling integrally, and after sampling, the sea weed bed of the sampled unit sampling party is respectively placed into a sea weed bed sampling vessel 2;|[0074] the solid carbon of the unit seaweed bed is converted into inorganic matters and carbon dioxide, the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is placed in the installation end groove 306, the combustion device 302 and the air blower 304 are started, the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is heated after the heating chassis in the combustion device 302 generates heat, the seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is firstly evaporated to dryness and then dried and then burned, so that the seaweed bed is converted into carbon dioxide and inorganic matters, oxygen is introduced into the combustion device 302 so that the seaweed bed is fully burned, and the solid carbon content of the seaweed bed is completely released;|[0075] the total carbon content of the released carbon dioxide is measured by the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument 301 and then is sent to the external processor 4 of the carbon fixation system through the data transmission cable and the data receiving interface 401 by the data transmission interface 308;|[0076] therefore, monitoring and measuring of carbon fixation amount of each growth period of the seaweed bed in the ocean system are completed, and workers can be helped to find out a method for improving carbon fixation capacity of the seaweed bed in the growth period according to the difference of carbon fixation capacities of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods in the monitoring and measuring mode.|[0077] Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention. | (CN116298083)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field related to marine environment evaluation and monitoring, in particular to a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The seaweed bed is an important component part in a marine ecological system, particularly in offshore or coastal waters, has important values for the growth and propagation and metabolism of the seaweed bed for carbon circulation in an ecological environment, is beneficial to carbon sequestration and carbon sequestration, and has important functions of adjusting water quality, providing nutrient food for offshore organisms, providing habitat for living things and the like.|[0003] Along with the continuous development of ecological concepts, people gradually realize the important role of an offshore seaweed bed in ecological carbon fixation, so that the method has important significance for monitoring the growth of the seaweed bed in a marine ecological system, and the carbon fixation capacity of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods is observed and monitored to be beneficial to helping marine ecological staff study the growth of the seaweed bed, so that the carbon fixation capacity of the seaweed bed in the growth period is improved, but the monitoring and detection of the carbon fixation capacity of the ecological seaweed bed in each growth period in a marine ecological area cannot be realized in the prior art.|[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a seaweed bed carbon sequestration monitoring system for a marine ecosystem to solve the above problems.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] (one) solving the technical problems|[0006] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system, which can be used for realizing the monitoring and detection of carbon fixation capacity of the ecological seaweed bed in each growth period in a marine ecological area.|[0007] (II) technical scheme|[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:|[0009] a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system comprises a seaweed bed culture mechanism, a seaweed bed sampling vessel, a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism, an external processor of the carbon fixation system and a liquid crystal display screen;|[0010] the seaweed bed culture mechanism comprises a culture bed frame, a honeycomb water filtering net plate, a separation beam frame, a connecting ring, a support connecting rod, an embedded base column and a separation diaphragm, wherein the embedded base column is embedded into a soil layer near the bottom of the ocean, the embedded base column is fixedly connected with the support connecting rod, the support connecting rod penetrates through four corner connecting holes of the culture bed frame and then is in threaded connection with the connecting ring, the honeycomb water filtering net plate is paved in a bottom port of the culture bed frame, the separation beam frame is welded between the inner side surfaces of the culture bed frame, and the separation diaphragm is arranged between the separation beam frame and the honeycomb water filtering net plate in a binding band and side binding mode;|[0011] the carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism comprises a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument, a combustion device, a heat-resistant base, an oxygen supply tank, a blower and an oxygen blowing pipe, wherein the front end of the combustion device is provided with a mounting end groove for placing a seaweed bed sampling vessel, the bottom of the combustion device is provided with a high-power heating chassis, the heating chassis is used for evaporating and burning a seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel to release the carbon content collected by the growth of the seaweed bed, an oxygen outlet pipe of the oxygen blowing pipe is arranged above the mounting end groove and is used for adding oxygen for completely burning the seaweed bed into the seaweed bed sampling vessel, the oxygen supply tank is arranged outside the combustion device, the oxygen supply tank is attached to the upper part of the oxygen supply tank bracket, an air inlet pipe end of the blower is connected with the oxygen supply tank through an air duct, an air outlet pipe end of the blower is fixedly connected with the oxygen blowing pipe through the air duct, and one side of the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument is provided with a data transmission interface;|[0012] one side of the external processor of the carbon fixing system is provided with a data receiving interface;|[0013] the increase in carbon sequestration per growth cycle monitored by the carbon sequestration external processor 4 is delta,|[0014] delta=c2-C1, (C2 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the current growth cycle, C1 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the previous growth cycle);|[0015] c2 C20 x m20, (C20 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the previous growth cycle, M20 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the previous growth cycle, m20=area of the monitored ocean area ≡area of sampling unit);|[0016] the average value C20= (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, wherein C21, C22, C23, C24 and C25 are the total carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by the carbon dioxide body amount analyzer 301;|[0017] c1 C10 x m10, (C10 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the current growth cycle, M10 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the current growth cycle, m10=area of the monitored ocean area/area of sampling unit);|[0018] the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed of each unit sampling side C10= (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15)/5, and C11, C12, C13, C14 and C15 are the total carbon fixation amount of each group of unit sampling sides, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by a carbon dioxide body analyzer.|[0019] Optionally, the bed frame, the honeycomb water filtering net plate and the separation beam frame are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials, the supporting connecting rod is made of solid steel, the embedded base column is a solid concrete base pier, the connecting ring is made of carbon alloy, and the separation membrane is a water molecule permeable membrane.|[0020] Optionally, the diameters of the four corner connecting holes of the culture bed frame are slightly larger than the diameters of the supporting connecting rods, and the culture bed frame can float and move along with long tide or falling tide under the buoyancy effect of water.|[0021] Optionally, the height between the honeycomb water filtering net plate and the upper end surface of the bed frame of the culture bed is +20cm.|[0022] Optionally, the overall dimension of installation end groove and the overall dimension looks adaptation of seaweed bed sample dish, the outside of seaweed bed sample dish is fixed and is provided with carries the handle.|[0023] Optionally, the image output end of the external processor of the carbon fixing system is electrically connected with a liquid crystal display, and the liquid crystal display is used for displaying and monitoring that the carbon fixing increment in each growth period is delta.|[0024] Optionally, the depth of the seaweed bed sampling dish is greater than the overall height of the floating seaweed bed during periods of luxuriant growth.|[0025] Optionally, the data receiving interface is connected with the data transmission interface through a data transmission cable, and is used for transmitting the data of the total carbon amount measured by the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument to an external processor of the carbon fixing system.|[0026] Optionally, the unit sampling party of the sea grass bed carbon fixation amount (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15) or (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25) of the unit sampling party selects the unit sampling party on sea grass beds at four corners and the center in the monitored sea area when sampling.|[0027] (III) beneficial effects|[0028] The invention provides a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecosystem, which has the following beneficial effects:|[0029] 1. when the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism is used, the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism is arranged firstly, the pre-buried base column is placed in soil at the bottom of a sea area, then four corner connecting holes of the cultivation bed frame penetrate through the supporting connecting rods, the cultivation bed frame floats on the water surface under the buoyancy effect of seawater, along with continuous growth of the seaweed bed, the seaweed bed grows in each area formed between the cultivation bed frame and the separation beam frame and the separation membrane, and therefore the total area of the seaweed bed growing in the ocean water area in each period can be calculated accurately.|[0030] 2. According to the invention, the carbon fixation of a unit seaweed bed to be sampled is converted into inorganic matters and carbon dioxide, a seaweed bed sampling vessel is placed in a mounting end groove, a combustion device and an air blower are started, the seaweed bed sampling vessel is heated after heat is generated by a heating chassis in the combustion device, the seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel is firstly evaporated and then dried and then combusted, so that the seaweed bed is converted into carbon dioxide and inorganic matters, and oxygen is introduced into the combustion device so as to facilitate the complete combustion of the seaweed bed, so that the carbon fixation content of the seaweed bed is completely released.|[0031] 3. According to the invention, the seaweed bed culture mechanism, the seaweed bed sampling vessel, the carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism and the external processor of the carbon fixation system are arranged, so that the monitoring and measuring of the carbon fixation amount of each growth period of the seaweed bed in the ocean system is realized, and a method for improving the carbon fixation capacity of the seaweed bed in the growth period is conveniently found by helping staff according to the difference of the carbon fixation capacities of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods in the monitoring and measuring manner.|[0032] 4. According to the invention, the separation membrane adopts the water molecule permeable membrane for avoiding mutual interaction of microorganisms in a water body and influencing the growth conditions of the seaweed beds in different interval areas, the formed seaweed beds are protected by the honeycomb water filtering net plate, the seaweed beds are prevented from being scattered or rushed away from a detection area under the impact of sea water dark current, and the culture bed frame, the honeycomb water filtering net plate and the separation beam frame are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials for enabling the seaweed bed culture mechanism to float on the sea surface under the action of sea water buoyancy.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a seaweed bed cultivation mechanism of the present invention;|[0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism of the present invention;|[0035] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism according to the present invention;|[0036] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an external processor and a liquid crystal display of the carbon sequestration system of the present invention;|[0037] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the sample points of the seaweed bed according to the present invention;|[0038] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a seaweed bed vegetation layer of the present invention;|[0039] fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a control flow of the present invention.|[0040] In the figure: 1. a seaweed bed cultivation mechanism; 101. a bed frame of the culture bed; 102. honeycomb water filtering screen plate; 103. a dividing beam frame; 104. a connecting ring; 105. a support link; 106. pre-burying a base column; 107. a separation membrane; 2. sea weed bed sampling vessel; 201. a handle; 3. a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism; 301. a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument; 302. a combustion device; 303. an oxygen supply tank; 304. a blower; 305. an oxygen blowing pipe; 306. installing an end groove; 307. an oxygen supply tank holder; 308. a data transmission interface; 309. a heat resistant base; 4. an external processor of the carbon fixing system; 401. a data receiving interface; 5. a liquid crystal display.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0041] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0042] According to the invention, as shown in fig. 1-7, a technical scheme is provided:|[0043] a seaweed bed carbon fixation monitoring system of a marine ecological system comprises a seaweed bed culture mechanism 1, a seaweed bed sampling vessel 2, a carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism 3, an external processor 4 of the carbon fixation system and a liquid crystal display 5;|[0044] the seaweed bed culture mechanism 1 comprises a culture bed frame 101, a honeycomb water filtering net plate 102, a separation beam frame 103, a connecting ring 104, a support connecting rod 105, a pre-buried base column 106 and a separation diaphragm 107, wherein the pre-buried base column 106 is pre-buried and is beaten into a soil layer near the bottom of the ocean, the pre-buried base column 106 is fixedly connected with the support connecting rod 105, the support connecting rod 105 penetrates through four corner connecting holes of the culture bed frame 101 and is then in threaded connection with the connecting ring 104, the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 is paved in a bottom port of the culture bed frame 101, the separation beam frame 103 is welded between the inner side surfaces of the culture bed frame 101, and the separation diaphragm 107 is arranged between the separation beam frame 103 and the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 in a binding mode;|[0045] the carbon content monitoring and analyzing mechanism 3 comprises a carbon dioxide body measuring instrument 301, a combustion device 302, a heat-resistant base 309, an oxygen supply tank 303, a blower 304 and an oxygen blowing pipe 305, wherein the front end of the combustion device 302 is provided with a mounting end groove 306 for placing a seaweed bed sampling vessel 2, the bottom of the combustion device 302 is provided with a high-power heating chassis, the heating chassis is used for evaporating and burning seaweed beds in the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2, the carbon content collected by the growth of the seaweed beds is released, an oxygen outlet pipe of the oxygen blowing pipe 305 is arranged above the mounting end groove 306 and is used for adding oxygen for completely burning the seaweed beds into the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2, an oxygen supply tank bracket 307 is arranged outside the combustion device 302, the oxygen supply tank 303 is attached to the upper part of the oxygen supply tank bracket 307, an air inlet pipe end of the blower 304 is connected with the oxygen supply tank 303 through an air duct, the air outlet pipe end of the blower 305 is fixedly connected with the oxygen blowing pipe 305 through the air duct, and one side of the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument 301 is provided with a data transmission interface 308;|[0046] one side of the external processor 4 of the carbon fixing system is provided with a data receiving interface 401;|[0047] the increase in carbon sequestration per growth cycle monitored by the carbon sequestration external processor 4 is delta,|[0048] delta=c2-C1, (C2 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the current growth cycle, C1 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the previous growth cycle);|[0049] c2 C20 x m20, (C20 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the previous growth cycle, M20 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the previous growth cycle, m20=area of the monitored ocean area ≡area of sampling unit);|[0050] the average value C20= (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, wherein C21, C22, C23, C24 and C25 are the total carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by the carbon dioxide body amount analyzer 301;|[0051] c1 C10 x m10, (C10 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the current growth cycle, M10 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the current growth cycle, m10=area of the monitored ocean area/area of sampling unit);|[0052] the average value c10= (c11+c12+c13+c14+c15)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15 is the total amount of carbon fixation of the unit sampling side per group, and the total amount of carbon fixation is determined by the carbon dioxide mass analyzer 301.|[0053] As an alternative solution of the invention: the culture bed frame 101, the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 and the separation beam frame 103 are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials, the support connecting rod 105 is made of solid steel, the embedded base column 106 is a solid concrete pier, the connecting ring 104 is made of carbon alloy, the separation membrane 107 is a water molecule permeable membrane, the separation membrane 107 adopts the water molecule permeable membrane for avoiding mutual interaction of microorganisms in a water body and affecting the growth condition of a weed bed in different interval areas, the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 is arranged for protecting the formed weed bed, and the weed bed is prevented from being scattered or rushed away from a detection area under the impact of sea water dark current, and the culture bed frame 101, the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 and the separation beam frame 103 are made of light hollow aluminum alloy materials for enabling the weed bed culture mechanism 1 to float on the sea under the action of sea water buoyancy.|[0054] As an alternative solution of the invention: the diameters of the four corner connecting holes of the cultivating bed frame 101 are slightly larger than the diameters of the supporting connecting rods 105, and the cultivating bed frame 101 can float and move along with long tide or falling tide under the buoyancy of water.|[0055] As an alternative solution of the invention: the height between the honeycomb water filtering net plate 102 and the upper end surface of the culture bed frame 101 is +20cm for ensuring that the top height of the plant of the seaweed bed is still not more than that of the culture bed frame 101 after the seaweed bed grows to the maturity, and avoiding the plant of the seaweed bed from being broken due to sea wind.|[0056] As an alternative solution of the invention: the overall dimension of installation end groove 306 and the overall dimension looks adaptation of seaweed bed sample dish 2, and the outside of seaweed bed sample dish 2 is fixed to be provided with carries and takes handle 201, through setting up carries handle 201 for make things convenient for the staff to get and put seaweed bed sample dish 2.|[0057] As an alternative solution of the invention: the image output end of the external processor 4 of the carbon fixation system is electrically connected with the liquid crystal display 5, and the liquid crystal display 5 is used for displaying and monitoring that the carbon fixation increment in each growth period is delta.|[0058] As an alternative solution of the invention: the depth of the seaweed bed sampling dish 2 is greater than the overall height of the floating seaweed bed during periods of luxuriant growth.|[0059] As an alternative solution of the invention: the data receiving interface 401 is connected to the data transmitting interface 308 through a data transmitting cable, and is used for transmitting the data of the total carbon amount measured by the carbon dioxide body amount measuring instrument 301 to the external processor 4 of the carbon fixing system.|[0060] As an alternative solution of the invention: the unit sampling party of the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15) or (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25) is used for selecting the unit sampling party on the seaweed bed at four corners and the center in the monitored ocean area during sampling, so that the sampled sampling party is more representative, and the calculated seaweed bed carbon fixation average capacity is more accurate.|[0061] Working principle: when the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism 1 is used, firstly, the pre-buried base column 106 is placed in soil at the bottom of a sea area, then four corner connecting holes of the cultivation bed frame 101 penetrate through the supporting connecting rods 105, under the buoyancy of seawater, the cultivation bed frame 101 floats on the water surface, along with the continuous growth of the seaweed bed, the seaweed bed grows in each area formed between the cultivation bed frame 101 and the separation beam frame 103 and the separation membrane 107, and therefore the total area of the seaweed bed growing in the ocean water in each period can be calculated accurately;|[0062] when sampling is carried out, staff can respectively sample a unit sampling party in the four corner areas and the central point areas in the ecological area of the aquatic weed bed, the aquatic weed bed and the floating root hair of the growing aquatic weed bed are integrated to form a soil layer for sampling integrally, and after sampling, the sea weed bed of the sampled unit sampling party is respectively placed into a sea weed bed sampling vessel 2;|[0063] the solid carbon of the unit seaweed bed is converted into inorganic matters and carbon dioxide, the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is placed in the installation end groove 306, the combustion device 302 and the air blower 304 are started, the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is heated after the heating chassis in the combustion device 302 generates heat, the seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is firstly evaporated to dryness and then dried and then burned, so that the seaweed bed is converted into carbon dioxide and inorganic matters, oxygen is introduced into the combustion device 302 so that the seaweed bed is fully burned, and the solid carbon content of the seaweed bed is completely released;|[0064] the total carbon content of the released carbon dioxide is measured by the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument 301 and then is sent to the external processor 4 of the carbon fixation system through the data transmission cable and the data receiving interface 401 by the data transmission interface 308;|[0065] the increase in carbon sequestration per growth cycle monitored by the carbon sequestration external processor 4 is delta,|[0066] delta=c2-C1, (C2 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the current growth cycle, C1 is the total carbon sequestration of the seaweed bed in the previous growth cycle);|[0067] c2 C20 x m20, (C20 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the previous growth cycle, M20 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the previous growth cycle, m20=area of the monitored ocean area ≡area of sampling unit);|[0068] the average value C20= (C21+C22+C23+C24+C25)/5 of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, wherein C21, C22, C23, C24 and C25 are the total carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per unit sampling side, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by the carbon dioxide body amount analyzer 301;|[0069] c1 C10 x m10, (C10 is the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed per sampling unit in the current growth cycle, M10 is the sum of the number of sampling units contained in the monitored ocean area in the current growth cycle, m10=area of the monitored ocean area/area of sampling unit);|[0070] the average value of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed of each unit sampling side C10= (C11+C12+C13+C14+C15)/5, wherein C11, C12, C13, C14 and C15 are the total carbon fixation amount of each group of unit sampling sides, and the total carbon fixation amount is determined by the carbon dioxide body amount measuring instrument 301;|[0071] therefore, monitoring and measuring of carbon fixation amount of each growth period of the seaweed bed in the ocean system are completed, and workers can be helped to find out a method for improving carbon fixation capacity of the seaweed bed in the growth period according to the difference of carbon fixation capacities of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods in the monitoring and measuring mode.|[0072] To sum up: when the seaweed bed cultivation mechanism 1 is used, firstly, the pre-buried base column 106 is placed in soil at the bottom of a sea area, then four corner connecting holes of the cultivation bed frame 101 penetrate through the supporting connecting rods 105, under the buoyancy of seawater, the cultivation bed frame 101 floats on the water surface, along with the continuous growth of the seaweed bed, the seaweed bed grows in each area formed between the cultivation bed frame 101 and the separation beam frame 103 and the separation membrane 107, and therefore the total area of the seaweed bed growing in the ocean water in each period can be calculated accurately;|[0073] when sampling is carried out, staff can respectively sample a unit sampling party in the four corner areas and the central point areas in the ecological area of the aquatic weed bed, the aquatic weed bed and the floating root hair of the growing aquatic weed bed are integrated to form a soil layer for sampling integrally, and after sampling, the sea weed bed of the sampled unit sampling party is respectively placed into a sea weed bed sampling vessel 2;|[0074] the solid carbon of the unit seaweed bed is converted into inorganic matters and carbon dioxide, the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is placed in the installation end groove 306, the combustion device 302 and the air blower 304 are started, the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is heated after the heating chassis in the combustion device 302 generates heat, the seaweed bed in the seaweed bed sampling vessel 2 is firstly evaporated to dryness and then dried and then burned, so that the seaweed bed is converted into carbon dioxide and inorganic matters, oxygen is introduced into the combustion device 302 so that the seaweed bed is fully burned, and the solid carbon content of the seaweed bed is completely released;|[0075] the total carbon content of the released carbon dioxide is measured by the carbon dioxide body measuring instrument 301 and then is sent to the external processor 4 of the carbon fixation system through the data transmission cable and the data receiving interface 401 by the data transmission interface 308;|[0076] therefore, monitoring and measuring of carbon fixation amount of each growth period of the seaweed bed in the ocean system are completed, and workers can be helped to find out a method for improving carbon fixation capacity of the seaweed bed in the growth period according to the difference of carbon fixation capacities of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods in the monitoring and measuring mode.|[0077] Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention. | Family Number|(105410476)|105410476|Abstract|(CN116298083 A)|The invention discloses a marine ecosystem sea grass bed carbon sequestration monitoring system , which relates to the related technical field of marine environment evaluation monitoring and comprises a sea grass bed culture mechanism , a sea grass bed sampling vessel , a carbon content monitoring analysis mechanism , a carbon sequestration system external processor and a liquid crystal display screen , the seaweed bed culture mechanism comprises a culture bed frame , a honeycomb - shaped water filtering screen plate , a separation beam frame , a connecting ring , a supporting connecting rod , a pre - buried foundation column and a separation diaphragm , and the pre - buried foundation column is pre - buried into a soil layer close to the bottom of the ocean and fixedly connected with the supporting connecting rod . According to the invention , by arranging the sea grass bed culture mechanism , the sea grass bed sampling vessel , the carbon content monitoring analysis mechanism and the carbon sequestration system external processor , the carbon sequestration amount of each growth cycle of the sea grass bed in the ocean system can be monitored and measured ; a worker can be helped to find out a method for improving the carbon sequestration capability of the ecological seaweed bed in the growth period according to the difference of the carbon sequestration capability of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods measured through monitoring . |Title|(CN116298083 A)|Sea grass bed carbon sequestration monitoring system of marine ecosystem | | Analysis of biological materials | G01N-031/12|G01N-033/00|G01N-033/00/4 | G01N-031/12|G01N-033/00|G01N-033/00/4 | G01N-031/12|G01N-033/00 | G01N-031/12|G01N-033/00 | CN119716108 | CN119716108 113979207 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | LAPSED | (CN116298083)|LAPSED | DEAD | (CN116298083)|DEAD | (CN116298083)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN116298083|Actual or expected expiration date=2024-02-02|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2022-09-07|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202211091646|Application date=2022-09-07|Standardized application number=2022CN-1091646|Event publication date=2023-06-23|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116298083|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-06-23|Standardized publication number=CN116298083|Event publication date=2023-06-23|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-07-11|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2024-02-02|Event code=CN/WW01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Withdrawal of patent application after publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSR0DkS7YrfXVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000068444769&ekey=2007&xpn=CN116298083&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=lVAsPxw8wbooJw0cjNWZ9JNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN116298083)|CN | (CN116298083)|NAME=MAO YUANLI , COUNTRY=CN | (CN116298083)|NAME=WANG HAILING;Suzhou Kaiqian Jubang Patent Agency (General Partnership) , REG=32303 | (CN116298083)|NAME=MAO YUANLI | Titre: (CN116298083)|Sea grass bed carbon sequestration monitoring system of marine ecosystem Résumé: (CN116298083)|The invention discloses a marine ecosystem sea grass bed carbon sequestration monitoring system, which relates to the related technical field of marine environment evaluation monitoring and comprises a sea grass bed culture mechanism, a sea grass bed sampling vessel, a carbon content monitoring analysis mechanism, a carbon sequestration system external processor and a liquid crystal display screen, the seaweed bed culture mechanism comprises a culture bed frame, a honeycomb-shaped water filtering screen plate, a separation beam frame, a connecting ring, a supporting connecting rod, a pre-buried foundation column and a separation diaphragm, and the pre-buried foundation column is pre-buried into a soil layer close to the bottom of the ocean and fixedly connected with the supporting connecting rod. According to the invention, by arranging the sea grass bed culture mechanism, the sea grass bed sampling vessel, the carbon content monitoring analysis mechanism and the carbon sequestration system external processor, the carbon sequestration amount of each growth cycle of the sea grass bed in the ocean system can be monitored and measured; a worker can be helped to find out a method for improving the carbon sequestration capability of the ecological seaweed bed in the growth period according to the difference of the carbon sequestration capability of the ecological seaweed bed in different growth periods measured through monitoring. | 9.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on monitoring carbon sequestration in sea grass beds, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN116298083)|1 | (CN116298083)|8 | (CN116298083)|9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN116298083)|7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN116298083)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-06-23|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-2502|Number of Pages: NPAGES=15| | (CN116298083)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN116298083)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | KR20120076864|WOKR2012/006487 | WOKR2012/006487|US14/412,636|KR20120076864 | US9688558|US20150191385|KR10-1396717|KR10-2014-0009871|WO2014/010776 | 61259336 | WO2014/010776 A1 2014-01-16 [WO201410776]|US9688558 B2 2017-06-27 [US9688558]|US20150191385 A1 2015-07-09 [US20150191385]|KR10-1396717 B1 2014-05-16 [KR101396717]|KR10-2014-0009871 A 2014-01-23 [KR20140009871] | 2012-07-13|2012-08-14 | 2012-08-14|2012-08-14|2012-07-13 | 2017-06-27|2015-07-09|2014-05-16|2014-01-23|2014-01-16 | (US9688558)|2017-06-27||(KR101396717)|2014-05-16 | (US9688558)|2025-08-04|(WO2014/010776)|2016-01-13|(KR10-1396717)|2032-07-13 | (US9688558)|Apparatus for concentration reaction of carbon dioxide using magnesium ions in seawater, and method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in ocean using same | (US9688558)|A method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in the ocean of the present invention coverts carbon dioxide into a high concentration of bicarbonate ions by using a neutralization method using calcium oxide commonly contained in alkaline industrial waste, prepares elution water for stably containing bicarbonate ions even when making contact with the atmosphere through aeration, and discharges the elution water into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth to sequestrate carbon dioxide. According to the present invention, the present invention is a carbon dioxide storage method which uses alkaline industrial waste to carry out carbon dioxide ocean sequestration at relatively low cost, and can sequestrate carbon dioxide for a long time while minimizing bad environmental influences such as ocean acidification and the like, and is thus environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is possible to actively respond to carbon dioxide emission restrictions and simultaneously achieve economical efficiency by securing certified emission reductions henceforth. | KOREA ELECTRIC POWER | (US9688558)|KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION ([KR])|(US20150191385)|KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION ([KR])|(WO2014/010776)|KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION ([KR])|(KR10-1396717)|KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION|(KR10-2014-0009871)|KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION | LEE JUNG HYUN|CHOI JIN HYEOK|GIL JOON WOO | (US9688558)|Lee Jung Hyun|Choi Jin Hyeok|Gil Joon Woo|(US20150191385)|Lee Jung Hyun|Choi Jin Hyeok|Gil Joon Woo | (WO2014/010776)|SUH, Man Kyu et al. ([KR])|(KR10-1396717)|SUH, MAN KYU ET AL.|Reg. Nb: 919980002604|SEO, GYEONG MIN|Reg. Nb: 920020001891 | (US9688558)|However, under the current situation in which there is a need for continuous industrial development while maintaining the industrial foundation, a carbon capture and storage (CCS) (Sequestration) technique is a process capable of reducing large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions within a short period.|Accordingly, in order to overcome the problem with the re-emission of carbon dioxide, a total amount of inorganic carbons in the seawater may be made to be in equilibrium before the carbon dioxide is discharged to the ocean through aeration.|The present invention has been made in an effort to solve the problems of the prior art, and the present invention provides a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and carbon dioxide isolation method using the same, wherein carbon dioxide is converted into a bicarbonate ion state having a high concentration using a neutralization method using calcium oxide commonly contained in industrial alkaline waste and then discharged into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth for safe sequestration of carbon dioxide in the deep ocean using a density difference.| | (US9688558)|1. A carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ions in seawater, wherein calcium oxide (CaO) or alkaline waste containing calcium oxide is injected into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ions present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation, after the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide, a supernatant of the seawater is removed and a lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide are allowed to react with each other to convert carbon dioxide into concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) having a higher concentration than in a natural state, wherein the concentration reactor comprises: an alkaline waste supply unit supplying the calcium oxide or alkaline waste containing calcium oxide; a seawater inflow unit for feeding the seawater; a multi-stage reactor system supplied with the calcium oxide and seawater and allowing the calcium oxide and seawater to react with each other; a precipitation tank installed at an end of the multi-stage reactor system and precipitating magnesium hydroxide generated from the calcium oxide and the seawater; a seawater outflow unit installed at a top end of the precipitation tank and allowing the seawater remaining after reacting with the calcium oxide to be discharged; a gas inflow unit installed at a bottom end of the precipitation tank, supplying the precipitation tank with carbon dioxide and air and allowing the carbon dioxide and magnesium hydroxide to react with each other to form bicarbonate ions; and a concentrated seawater outflow unit installed in the precipitation tank and discharging concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ions.|5. A carbon dioxide isolation method using magnesium ions in seawater, the carbon dioxide isolation method comprising: injecting calcium oxide (CaO) or alkaline waste containing calcium oxide into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ions present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation; after permitting precipitated magnesium hydroxide to settle sufficiently to form a lower layer liquid comprising the precipitated magnesium hydroxide and a supernatant of the seawater, removing the supernatant of the seawater and allowing the lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide, which is added to the lower layer liquid, to react with each other to form concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) having a higher concentration than in a natural state; supplying the concentrated seawater with air to maintain equilibrium of bicarbonate ions in the seawater; and discharging the concentrated seawater to the ocean, wherein the pH of both the discharged seawater and the ocean seawater into which the discharged seawater is discharged has a pH of between 8.0 and 8.2.| | (US9688558)|According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater, wherein alkaline waste containing calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium oxide is injected into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ion present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation, after the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide, a supernatant of the seawater is removed and a lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide are allowed to react with each other to convert carbon dioxide into concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) having a higher concentration than in a natural state.|According to the present invention, the present invention is a carbon dioxide storage method which uses alkaline industrial waste to carry out carbon dioxide ocean sequestration at relatively low cost, and can sequestrate carbon dioxide for a long time while minimizing bad environmental influences such as ocean acidification and the like, and is thus environmentally friendly.|The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and a carbon dioxide isolation method using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and carbon dioxide isolation method using the same, which can be easily applied to plants, like power plants, steel mills, cement plants, etc., producing alkaline waste, such as coal ash, iron slag, cement residue or the like, and large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions, for disposal of or sequestration of carbon dioxide in the ocean using the alkaline wastes by converting carbon dioxide in seawater into bicarbonate ion containing seawater having a concentration of several tens of times higher than natural seawater through a neutralization reaction between calcium oxide in the waste and carbon dioxide in seawater to be discharged to the ocean, thereby contributing to long-term reduction of carbon dioxide.| | (US9688558)|SEAWATER(100,77)|SEA(100,18)|MAGNESIUM ION(100,17)|CONCENTRATION REACTOR(100,15)|METHANEDIONE CONCENTRATION REACTOR(100,13)|METHANEDIONE ISOLATION(100,9)|SEQUESTRATING METHANEDIONE(100,2)|CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,1)|METHANEDIONE CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,1)|METHANEDIONE OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|SEAWATER SUPERNATANT(94,5)|BICARBONATE ION(69,27)|LIME(68,46)|MAGNESIA(65,29)|METHANEDIONE SAFE SEQUESTRATION(65,1)|PRECIPITATION TANK(63,32)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(60,2)|METHANEDIONE(58,44)|MAGNESIA PRECIPITATION(54,4)|MULTISTAGE REACTOR(52,24)|ALKALINE WASTE(51,18)|SEAWATER CONCENTRATION(51,10)|OCEAN SEAWATER(51,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH OCEAN(50,3)|DISCHARGED SEAWATER PH(50,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(49,3)|CONCENTRATED SEAWATER OUTFLOW(49,2)|SEAWATER OUTFLOW(48,8)|OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(44,2)|METHANEDIONE REEMISSION(43,2)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(43,2)|SEQUESTRATE METHANEDIONE(41,1)|PRECIPITATED MAGNESIA(40,7)|BICARBONATE ION EQUILIBRIUM(38,2)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(36,1)|SAFE SEQUESTRATION(36,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION RESTRICTION(35,2)|SEAWATER INFLOW(34,4)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(33,5)|SHALLOW DEPTH(32,3)|ALKALINE INDUSTRIAL WASTE(31,2)|PRECIPITATION(28,5)|CONCENTRATED SEAWATER DISCHARGING(28,2)|NEUTRALIZING(27,2)|IRON SLAG(25,1)|ALKALINE WASTE SUPPLY(22,2)|FOUNDATION(22,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(20,2)|LAYER LIQUID(20,2)|BICARBONATE(19,7)|NATURAL SEAWATER(19,6)|GAS INFLOW(18,5)|CALCIUM OXIDE(18,4)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE(18,2)|INORGANIC CARBON(17,2)|AERATION(15,7)|DISPOSAL(15,1)|SEQUESTRATION(14,6)|DISCHARGING(14,2)|COAL ASH(14,1)|EQUILIBRIUM(13,2)|CEMENT PLANT(13,1)|NEUTRALIZATION REACTION(12,1)|DENSITY DIFFERENCE(11,2)|NATURAL STATE(10,4)|DEEP OCEAN(10,3)|INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT(10,1)|METHANEDIONE LONG TERM REDUCTION(10,1)|SHORT PERIOD(10,1)|STEEL MILL(10,1)|DIFFUSER(9,7)|REACTOR(9,7)|PIPELINE(9,3)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION(8,1)|FINAL SEAWATER OUTFLOW(7,2)|REEMISSION PROBABLE RISK(7,1)|UNDERCURRENT STREAM(6,2)|UPSTREAM END(6,2)|IMPORTANTLY INFLUENTIAL FACTOR(6,1)|METHANEDIONE GEOLOGIC STORAGE(6,1)|POWER PLANT(6,1)|PRECIPITATION TANK AGITATION(6,1)|METHANEDIONE(5,2)|ARTIFICIAL FORESTATION(5,1)|CAPTURED METHANEDIONE(5,1)|LONG TERM REDUCTION(5,1)|MAGNESIA PRECIPITATE(5,1)|METHANEDIONE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY STORAGE(5,1)|PRECIPITATE MAGNESIA(5,1)|SEAWATER INJECTING(5,1)|SEAWATER STAY(5,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(4,3)|PARTITION WALL(4,3)|OCEAN STORAGE(4,2)|AMMONIA ABSORBER(4,1)|CO2 REEMISSION(4,1)|DISSOLVED METHANEDIONE(4,1)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE TRANSPORTATION(4,1)|METHANEDIONE ABSORPTION(4,1)|METHANEDIONE REDUCING EMISSION(4,1)|PERMANENT SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|PRECIPITATED MAGNESIUM ION(4,1)|REEMISSION RISK(4,1)|PH LEVEL(3,5)|PRECOMBUSTION CAPTURE(3,2)|SOLUBILITY(3,2)|ALKALINE WASTE TOTAL INFLUX(3,1)|BICARBONATE ION CONTENT(3,1)|CONCENTRATED ELUTION WATER(3,1)|EXCESS BICARBONATE ION(3,1)|EXCESS METHANEDIONE(3,1)|EXCESS SEAWATER(3,1)|OCEAN INJECTION(3,1)|RISK PROBABILITY(3,1)|SEPARATOR MEMBRANE(3,1)|SUPERCRITICAL STATE METHANEDIONE LEAKAGE(3,1)||(US20150191385)|SEAWATER(100,78)|MAGNESIUM ION(100,18)|SEA(100,18)|CONCENTRATION REACTOR(100,17)|METHANEDIONE CONCENTRATION REACTOR(100,15)|METHANEDIONE ISOLATION(100,10)|SEQUESTRATING METHANEDIONE(100,2)|CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,1)|METHANEDIONE CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,1)|METHANEDIONE OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|SEAWATER SUPERNATANT(78,4)|MAGNESIA PRECIPITATION(72,5)|METHANEDIONE SAFE SEQUESTRATION(65,1)|BICARBONATE ION(63,27)|LIME(60,46)|MAGNESIA(56,28)|METHANEDIONE(55,44)|SEAWATER CONCENTRATION(51,10)|PRECIPITATION TANK(50,32)|SHALLOW DEPTH OCEAN(50,3)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(49,3)|ALKALINE WASTE(48,18)|MULTISTAGE REACTOR(44,24)|OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(44,2)|METHANEDIONE REEMISSION(43,2)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(43,2)|SEQUESTRATE METHANEDIONE(41,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(36,1)|SAFE SEQUESTRATION(36,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION RESTRICTION(35,2)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(33,5)|SHALLOW DEPTH(32,3)|ALKALINE INDUSTRIAL WASTE(31,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(30,7)|CONCENTRATED SEAWATER OUTFLOW(30,2)|PRECIPITATION(28,5)|CONCENTRATED SEAWATER DISCHARGING(28,2)|NEUTRALIZING(27,2)|IRON SLAG(25,1)|SEAWATER INFLOW(23,4)|PRECIPITATED MAGNESIA(22,6)|FOUNDATION(22,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(20,2)|BICARBONATE(19,7)|CALCIUM OXIDE(18,4)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE(18,2)|INORGANIC CARBON(17,2)|AERATION(15,7)|DISPOSAL(15,1)|SEQUESTRATION(14,6)|COAL ASH(14,1)|ALKALINE WASTE SUPPLY(13,2)|EQUILIBRIUM(13,2)|CEMENT PLANT(13,1)|GAS INFLOW(12,5)|NEUTRALIZATION REACTION(12,1)|DENSITY DIFFERENCE(11,2)|NATURAL STATE(10,4)|DEEP OCEAN(10,3)|INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT(10,1)|METHANEDIONE LONG TERM REDUCTION(10,1)|SHORT PERIOD(10,1)|STEEL MILL(10,1)|DIFFUSER(9,7)|PIPELINE(9,3)|PH LEVEL(8,6)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION(8,1)|FINAL SEAWATER OUTFLOW(7,2)|REEMISSION PROBABLE RISK(7,1)|UNDERCURRENT STREAM(6,2)|IMPORTANTLY INFLUENTIAL FACTOR(6,1)|METHANEDIONE GEOLOGIC STORAGE(6,1)|POWER PLANT(6,1)|PRECIPITATION TANK AGITATION(6,1)|METHANEDIONE(5,2)|ARTIFICIAL FORESTATION(5,1)|BICARBONATE ION EQUILIBRIUM(5,1)|CAPTURED METHANEDIONE(5,1)|LONG TERM REDUCTION(5,1)|MAGNESIA PRECIPITATE(5,1)|METHANEDIONE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY STORAGE(5,1)|PRECIPITATE MAGNESIA(5,1)|SEAWATER INJECTING(5,1)|SEAWATER STAY(5,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(4,3)|PARTITION WALL(4,3)|OCEAN STORAGE(4,2)|AMMONIA ABSORBER(4,1)|CO2 REEMISSION(4,1)|DISSOLVED METHANEDIONE(4,1)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE TRANSPORTATION(4,1)|METHANEDIONE ABSORPTION(4,1)|METHANEDIONE REDUCING EMISSION(4,1)|PERMANENT SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|PRECIPITATED MAGNESIUM ION(4,1)|REEMISSION RISK(4,1)|PRECOMBUSTION CAPTURE(3,2)|SOLUBILITY(3,2)|ALKALINE WASTE TOTAL INFLUX(3,1)|BICARBONATE ION CONTENT(3,1)|EXCESS BICARBONATE ION(3,1)|EXCESS METHANEDIONE(3,1)|EXCESS SEAWATER(3,1)|OCEAN INJECTION(3,1)|RISK PROBABILITY(3,1)|SEPARATOR MEMBRANE(3,1)|SUPERCRITICAL STATE METHANEDIONE LEAKAGE(3,1)||(WO2014/010776)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,85)|SEAWATER(100,76)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(100,40)|MAGNESIUM ION(100,19)|CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,12)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,10)|SEA(100,7)|SEQUESTRATING CARBON DIOXIDE(100,2)|BICARBONATE ION(86,26)|SEAWATER SEQUESTRATION(83,1)|SEA ISOLATION(81,5)|SEAWATER SUPERNATANT(81,4)|OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(76,1)|ALKALINE WASTE(75,16)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(71,1)|MARINE ACIDIFICATION(67,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEAWATER SEQUESTRATION(61,1)|SEAWATER LAYER(59,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(59,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEA ISOLATION(52,4)|ATMOSPHERIC REEMISSION(51,1)|PRECIPITATION TANK(50,7)|IRONING SLAG(50,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH OCEAN(49,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER(44,5)|IRONING PLANT(44,1)|ALKALINE INDUSTRIAL WASTE(42,2)|SHALLOW SEAWATER(42,2)|CONCENTRATION BICARBONATE ION(41,1)|CALCIUM OXIDE(39,49)|PRECIPITATION VESSEL(38,11)|SEAWATER CONCENTRATION(38,4)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(38,3)|PERMANENT INSULATION(36,1)|SEAWATER INFLOW(34,2)|SEA INJECTION(34,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATE(32,1)|SEQUESTRATION(32,1)|CONCENTRATED SEAWATER DISCHARGE(31,2)|PRECIPITATION(30,12)|MULTISTAGE REACTION VESSEL(30,11)|MARINE DISCHARGE(29,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CARBON DIOXIDE(28,1)|NEUTRALIZING CALCIUM OXIDE(28,1)|PRODUCTION PLANT(26,1)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE(25,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION RESTRICTION(25,1)|PRODUCTION RESIDUE(25,1)|HCO(24,4)|DISCHARGING(24,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEAKAGE(24,1)|RETENTION(24,1)|SEQUESTRATE CARBON DIOXIDE(24,1)|AERATION(23,4)|GAS INFLOW(23,1)|AIR SUPPLY(22,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE(22,1)|CONVERT CALCIUM OXIDE(22,1)|REACTION ACCELERATOR(22,1)|REMAINING SEAWATER(22,1)|COAL ASH(19,1)|SHALLOW(19,1)|MULTISTAGE REACTOR(18,8)|ELUTION WATER(18,1)|PRECIPITATED MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(17,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE NEUTRALIZATION REACTION(16,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION(16,1)|NEUTRALIZATION REACTION(16,1)|DENSITY DIFFERENCE(15,2)|PROCESSING COST(15,1)|UNDERGROUND STORAGE(15,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LIQUID(14,1)|DIFFUSER(13,7)|PIPELINE(13,3)|PARTITION(13,2)|AGITATION(12,3)|CHANGING PH(12,3)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(11,2)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE FINE PARTICLE(11,2)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION(11,1)|ABATEMENT TECHNICAL PLAUSIBILITY(10,1)|POWER PLANT(10,1)|PRECIPITATION BATH(9,3)|STORAGE SPACE(8,2)|ARTIFICIAL FAIRNESS(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE SPACE(7,1)|OXY COMBUSTION(6,2)|AMINE ABSORBENT(6,1)|INCOMING SEAWATER(6,1)|LOGARITHMIC BED(6,1)|OFFSHORE DISCHARGE(6,1)|PRECIPITATION REACTOR(6,1)|SEAWATER EQUILIBRIUM(6,1)|BEHAVIOR(5,2)|MARINE STORAGE(5,2)|BICARBONATE ION CONTENT(5,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEAWATER ISOLATION(5,1)|FINAL SEAWATER DISCHARGE(5,1)|MARINE INJECTION(5,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN(5,1)|SEAWATER OUTLET(5,1)|CALCIUM OXIDE REACTION(4,5)|GAS INLET(4,4)|BRINE BED(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|CCS(4,1)|EXCESS SEAWATER(4,1)|FINAL REACTION SEAWATER PH(4,1)|ION ACCOUNT(4,1)|LISTED ITEM(4,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUBILITY(4,1)|MAKING CONTACT(4,1)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(4,1)|OIL DEPLETION(4,1)|REFORMING REACTION(4,1)||(KR10-1396717)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,87)|SEAWATER(100,80)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(100,41)|MAGNESIUM ION(100,21)|CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,12)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,10)|SEA ISOLATION(100,8)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEA ISOLATION(100,7)|BICARBONATE ION(76,28)|ALKALINE WASTE(73,19)|SEAWATER SUPERNATANT(67,4)|SEAWATER CONCENTRATION(64,6)|MARINE ACIDIFICATION(55,3)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(54,1)|PRECIPITATION VESSEL(46,14)|ATMOSPHERIC REEMISSION(42,1)|IRONING SLAG(41,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER(37,5)|SEAWATER LAYER(37,4)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CARBON DIOXIDE(37,2)|IRONING PLANT(36,1)|SHALLOW SEAWATER(34,2)|CONCENTRATION BICARBONATE ION(34,1)|PRECIPITATION TANK(33,8)|CALCIUM OXIDE(32,50)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(32,3)|PERMANENT INSULATION(30,1)|SEAWATER INFLOW(28,2)|SEA INJECTION(28,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATE(26,1)|SEQUESTRATION(26,1)|MULTISTAGE REACTION VESSEL(25,11)|CONCENTRATED SEAWATER DISCHARGE(24,3)|MARINE DISCHARGE(24,1)|NEUTRALIZING CALCIUM OXIDE(23,1)|PRECIPITATION(21,11)|PRODUCTION PLANT(21,1)|SEA(20,6)|PRODUCTION RESIDUE(20,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEAKAGE(19,1)|RETENTION(19,1)|HCO(18,5)|CONVERT CALCIUM OXIDE(18,1)|GAS INFLOW(18,1)|PRECIPITATE MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(18,1)|SHALLOW WATER CORE SEA(18,1)|COAL ASH(16,1)|SHALLOW(16,1)|MULTISTAGE REACTOR(15,8)|DISCHARGING(15,3)|PRECIPITATED MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(14,4)|AERATION(13,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE NEUTRALIZATION REACTION(13,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION(13,1)|NEUTRALIZATION REACTION(13,1)|DENSITY DIFFERENCE(12,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE LIQUID(12,1)|PROCESSING COST(12,1)|UNDERGROUND STORAGE(12,1)|DIFFUSER(11,8)|AGITATION(10,3)|PIPELINE(10,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION REGULATION(10,2)|PARTITION(10,2)|CHANGING PH(9,3)|AERATION(9,2)|FUTURE CARBON EMISSION RIGHT(9,2)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(9,2)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE FINE PARTICLE(9,2)|LONG TERM ISOLATION(8,2)|ABATEMENT TECHNICAL PLAUSIBILITY(8,1)|POWER PLANT(8,1)|SUPPLY CARBON DIOXIDE(8,1)|PRECIPITATION BATH(7,3)|SEAWATER OUTLET(7,3)|STORAGE SPACE(7,2)|MULTISTAGE REACTION TANK(6,2)|ARTIFICIAL FAIRNESS(6,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE SPACE(6,1)|OXY COMBUSTION(5,2)|AMINE ABSORBENT(5,1)|INCOMING SEAWATER(5,1)|LOGARITHMIC BED(5,1)|OFFSHORE DISCHARGE(5,1)|PRECIPITATION REACTOR(5,1)|SEAWATER EQUILIBRIUM(5,1)|BEHAVIOR(4,2)|MARINE STORAGE(4,2)|SEAWATER INLET(4,2)|BICARBONATE ION CONTENT(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEAWATER ISOLATION(4,1)|FINAL SEAWATER DISCHARGE(4,1)|MARINE INJECTION(4,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN(4,1)|CALCIUM OXIDE REACTION(3,5)|GAS INLET(3,4)|BRINE BED(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|CCS(3,1)|EXCESS SEAWATER(3,1)|FINAL REACTION SEAWATER PH(3,1)|ION ACCOUNT(3,1)|LISTED ITEM(3,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUBILITY(3,1)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(3,1)|OIL DEPLETION(3,1)|REFORMING REACTION(3,1)|SOLID PARTICLE DESORPTION(3,1)|SUBSEA STORAGE(3,1)|ABSOLUTE EXHAUST GAS(2,1)||(KR10-2014-0009871)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,88)|SEAWATER(100,79)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(100,41)|MAGNESIUM ION(100,22)|CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,13)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION REACTION(100,11)|SEA ISOLATION(100,8)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEA ISOLATION(100,7)|ALKALINE WASTE(73,19)|BICARBONATE ION(71,26)|SEAWATER SUPERNATANT(67,4)|MARINE ACIDIFICATION(55,3)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(54,1)|SEAWATER CONCENTRATION(49,5)|PRECIPITATION VESSEL(46,14)|ATMOSPHERIC REEMISSION(42,1)|IRONING SLAG(41,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER(37,5)|SEAWATER LAYER(37,4)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CARBON DIOXIDE(37,2)|IRONING PLANT(36,1)|SHALLOW SEAWATER(34,2)|CONCENTRATION BICARBONATE ION(34,1)|PRECIPITATION TANK(33,8)|CALCIUM OXIDE(32,50)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(32,3)|PERMANENT INSULATION(30,1)|SEAWATER INFLOW(28,2)|SEA INJECTION(28,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATE(26,1)|SEQUESTRATION(26,1)|MULTISTAGE REACTION VESSEL(25,11)|CONCENTRATED SEAWATER DISCHARGE(25,2)|MARINE DISCHARGE(24,1)|NEUTRALIZING CALCIUM OXIDE(23,1)|PRECIPITATION(21,11)|PRODUCTION PLANT(21,1)|SEA(20,6)|PRODUCTION RESIDUE(20,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEAKAGE(19,1)|RETENTION(19,1)|CONVERT CALCIUM OXIDE(18,1)|GAS INFLOW(18,1)|PRECIPITATE MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(18,1)|SHALLOW WATER CORE SEA(18,1)|COAL ASH(16,1)|SHALLOW(16,1)|MULTISTAGE REACTOR(15,8)|DISCHARGING(15,3)|PRECIPITATED MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(14,4)|AERATION(13,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE NEUTRALIZATION REACTION(13,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION(13,1)|NEUTRALIZATION REACTION(13,1)|HCO(12,3)|DENSITY DIFFERENCE(12,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE LIQUID(12,1)|PROCESSING COST(12,1)|UNDERGROUND STORAGE(12,1)|DIFFUSER(11,8)|AGITATION(10,3)|PIPELINE(10,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION REGULATION(10,2)|PARTITION(10,2)|CHANGING PH(9,3)|AERATION(9,2)|FUTURE CARBON EMISSION RIGHT(9,2)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(9,2)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE FINE PARTICLE(9,2)|LONG TERM ISOLATION(8,2)|ABATEMENT TECHNICAL PLAUSIBILITY(8,1)|POWER PLANT(8,1)|SUPPLY CARBON DIOXIDE(8,1)|PRECIPITATION BATH(7,3)|SEAWATER OUTLET(7,3)|STORAGE SPACE(7,2)|MULTISTAGE REACTION TANK(6,2)|ARTIFICIAL FAIRNESS(6,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE SPACE(6,1)|OXY COMBUSTION(5,2)|AMINE ABSORBENT(5,1)|INCOMING SEAWATER(5,1)|LOGARITHMIC BED(5,1)|OFFSHORE DISCHARGE(5,1)|PRECIPITATION REACTOR(5,1)|SEAWATER EQUILIBRIUM(5,1)|BEHAVIOR(4,2)|MARINE STORAGE(4,2)|SEAWATER INLET(4,2)|BICARBONATE ION CONTENT(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEAWATER ISOLATION(4,1)|FINAL SEAWATER DISCHARGE(4,1)|MARINE INJECTION(4,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN(4,1)|CALCIUM OXIDE REACTION(3,5)|GAS INLET(3,4)|BRINE BED(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|CCS(3,1)|EXCESS SEAWATER(3,1)|FINAL REACTION SEAWATER PH(3,1)|ION ACCOUNT(3,1)|LISTED ITEM(3,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUBILITY(3,1)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(3,1)|OIL DEPLETION(3,1)|REFORMING REACTION(3,1)|SOLID PARTICLE DESORPTION(3,1)|SUBSEA STORAGE(3,1)|ABSOLUTE EXHAUST GAS(2,1)|ACQUISITION(2,1)|ASTIGMATISM(2,1)| | (US9688558)|The invention claimed is:|1. A carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ions in seawater, wherein calcium oxide (CaO) or alkaline waste containing calcium oxide is injected into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ions present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation, after the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide, a supernatant of the seawater is removed and a lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide are allowed to react with each other to convert carbon dioxide into concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) having a higher concentration than in a natural state,| wherein the concentration reactor comprises:| an alkaline waste supply unit supplying the calcium oxide or alkaline waste containing calcium oxide;| a seawater inflow unit for feeding the seawater;| a multi-stage reactor system supplied with the calcium oxide and seawater and allowing the calcium oxide and seawater to react with each other;| a precipitation tank installed at an end of the multi-stage reactor system and precipitating magnesium hydroxide generated from the calcium oxide and the seawater;| a seawater outflow unit installed at a top end of the precipitation tank and allowing the seawater remaining after reacting with the calcium oxide to be discharged;| a gas inflow unit installed at a bottom end of the precipitation tank, supplying the precipitation tank with carbon dioxide and air and allowing the carbon dioxide and magnesium hydroxide to react with each other to form bicarbonate ions; and| a concentrated seawater outflow unit installed in the precipitation tank and discharging concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ions.|2. The carbon dioxide concentration reactor of claim 1, wherein partition walls are installed at upstream ends of the respective reactors of the multi-stage reactor system and at an upstream end of the precipitation tank, so that the flow of the seawater is introduced to a bottom to then be discharged upwardly.|3. The carbon dioxide concentration reactor of claim 1, wherein an agitator is installed in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system to facilitate a reaction between the calcium oxide and the seawater and to allow particles of the magnesium hydroxide to move up to the precipitation tank without being interrupted.|4. The carbon dioxide concentration reactor of claim 1, wherein the precipitation tank comprises:| a diffuser diffusing and flowing the carbon dioxide into the precipitation tank; and| an agitator facilitating a reaction between the carbon dioxide and precipitated magnesium hydroxide.|5. A carbon dioxide isolation method using magnesium ions in seawater, the carbon dioxide isolation method comprising:| injecting calcium oxide (CaO) or alkaline waste containing calcium oxide into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ions present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation;| after permitting precipitated magnesium hydroxide to settle sufficiently to form a lower layer liquid comprising the precipitated magnesium hydroxide and a supernatant of the seawater, removing the supernatant of the seawater and allowing the lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide, which is added to the lower layer liquid, to react with each other to form concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) having a higher concentration than in a natural state;| supplying the concentrated seawater with air to maintain equilibrium of bicarbonate ions in the seawater; and| discharging the concentrated seawater to the ocean, wherein the pH of both the discharged seawater and the ocean seawater into which the discharged seawater is discharged has a pH of between 8.0 and 8.2.|6. The carbon dioxide isolation method of claim 5, wherein the discharging of the concentrated seawater to the ocean comprises directly discharging the concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ions to the ocean through a pipeline. | (US9688558)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and a carbon dioxide isolation method using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and carbon dioxide isolation method using the same, which can be easily applied to plants, like power plants, steel mills, cement plants, etc., producing alkaline waste, such as coal ash, iron slag, cement residue or the like, and large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions, for disposal of or sequestration of carbon dioxide in the ocean using the alkaline wastes by converting carbon dioxide in seawater into bicarbonate ion containing seawater having a concentration of several tens of times higher than natural seawater through a neutralization reaction between calcium oxide in the waste and carbon dioxide in seawater to be discharged to the ocean, thereby contributing to long-term reduction of carbon dioxide.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] A variety of techniques, including energy saving processes, high-efficiency power generation processes, renewable energy technologies, artificial forestation or biological processes, have been developed to attempt to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of representative greenhouse gases. However, under the current situation in which there is a need for continuous industrial development while maintaining the industrial foundation, a carbon capture and storage (CCS) (Sequestration) technique is a process capable of reducing large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions within a short period. The CCS technique may be divided into a capture process and a storage process.|[0003] The capture process consists of a pre-combustion capture process, an oxy-combustion process, and a post-combustion capture process. In the pre-combustion capture process, a carbon-containing fuel is converted into carbon dioxide and a hydrogen fuel using an appropriate reaction (e.g., a modification reaction, water gas shift reaction, etc.), carbon dioxide is captured and removed for combustion, thereby fundamentally preventing carbon dioxide from being produced in a reaction product.|[0004] In the oxy-combustion process, an absolute amount of exhaust gases can be reduced using only the nitrogen-removed oxygen, rather than using air as an oxidizer of a fuel, and carbon dioxide can be easily isolated and removed from the exhaust gases including only carbon dioxide and water.|[0005] The post-combustion capture process is a technique for isolating carbon dioxide from the post-combusted exhaust gas is isolated and is advantageous in that it can be most easily applied to the existing carbon dioxide sources.|[0006] The technique for isolating carbon dioxide may include a sequestration method using an appropriate solvent (for example, an amine-based absorber), a sequestration method using a separator membrane and a sequestration method using carbon dioxide absorption and adsorption of solid particles.|[0007] The carbon dioxide, once captured in the aforementioned manners, should then be stored using appropriate methods. Currently, methods of storing carbon dioxide in the ground or deep sea are generally being studied. According to these methods, carbon dioxide being in a supercritical state is injected into the underground space, such as an oil reservoir, a gas reservoir or a saline layer and then undergoes thermodynamic, hydrodynamic and chemical behaviors for sequestration and storage. However, there is a risk of re-emission of the stored carbon dioxide into the atmosphere or seawater due to limitation in the underground storage space and leakage of supercritical-state carbon dioxide stored at a high pressure. If carbon dioxide leaks in seawater, the marine ecosystem may be adversely affected by ocean acidification.|[0008] Other methods for sequestration and storage of large amounts of carbon dioxide include ocean storage methods. The ocean storage methods include a method of directly injecting carbon dioxide into the seawater to a depth of 1,000 m or greater and dissolving the same in the ocean, and a method of injecting high-density liquid carbon dioxide obtained by liquefying the carbon dioxide using a compressing device into an underground isolated space to a depth of 3,000 m or greater. However, in a case where carbon dioxide is directly injected into the seawater and stored in the ocean, the marine ecosystem may be affected by ocean acidification and there may be a possibility of re-emission of the dissolved carbon dioxide ultimately being in balance with the air. Thus, the direct injection method may not be considered as permanent sequestration and storage method. In addition, the method of injecting high-density liquid carbon dioxide is disadvantageous in that equipment and power for ocean acidification and liquefying and equipment and power for transportation of liquid carbon dioxide are required.|DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION|Technical Problem|[0009] Among various attempts at reducing emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most technically feasible method is to capture a large amount of carbon dioxide to then store the captured carbon dioxide in the oil reservoir or gas reservoir on the ground, in the depleted oil reservoir, gas reservoir or aquifer in the seabed or in the deep ocean through injection into the ocean or an undercurrent stream method. However, the geologic storage of carbon dioxide has several disadvantages, including storage space limitation, carbon dioxide leakage and so on, and ocean injection and undercurrent stream method have disadvantages, including a probable risk of re-emission into the atmosphere, the impact of a pH change on the marine ecosystem, high treatment costs, and the like.|[0010] The present invention has been made in an effort to solve the problems of the prior art, and the present invention provides a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and carbon dioxide isolation method using the same, wherein carbon dioxide is converted into a bicarbonate ion state having a high concentration using a neutralization method using calcium oxide commonly contained in industrial alkaline waste and then discharged into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth for safe sequestration of carbon dioxide in the deep ocean using a density difference.|[0011] In order to prepare seawater containing a high-concentration bicarbonate ion using calcium oxide, the reaction scheme is carried out in the following manner:|CaO+H2O+Mg2+→Mg(OH)2(↓)+Ca2+ (1)|Mg(OH)2+CO2→Mg2++HCO3− (2)|[0012] If the calcium oxide is injected into the seawater, it reacts with magnesium ion present in a concentration of approximately 50 mM in the seawater due to its higher solubility than the magnesium hydroxide, resulting in precipitation of the magnesium hydroxide. On reacting with the carbon dioxide, a considerable amount of the precipitated magnesium hydroxide may be dissolved. The bicarbonate ion (HCO3—) as a product resulting from the reaction may serve as a buffered solution in an aqueous solution state to minimize a change in the pH level. In addition, since the seawater containing bicarbonate ion (HCO3—) having a high concentration has a higher density than natural seawater, it can be stored in the deep ocean in an economically efficient manner using a density difference without separate energy consumption, thereby facilitating sequestration of carbon dioxide for a long time.|[0013] However, carbon dioxide may be re-emitted to the atmosphere at a discharged position making contact with the atmosphere, like at a surface layer of the ocean, due to equilibrium. Accordingly, in order to overcome the problem with the re-emission of carbon dioxide, a total amount of inorganic carbons in the seawater may be made to be in equilibrium before the carbon dioxide is discharged to the ocean through aeration.|Technical Solution|[0014] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater, wherein alkaline waste containing calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium oxide is injected into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ion present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation, after the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide, a supernatant of the seawater is removed and a lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide are allowed to react with each other to convert carbon dioxide into concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3—) having a higher concentration than in a natural state.|[0015] The concentration reactor may include an alkaline waste supply unit supplying alkaline waste containing calcium oxide or calcium oxide, a seawater inflow unit for feeding the seawater, a multi-stage reactor system supplied with the calcium oxide and seawater and allowing the calcium oxide and seawater to react with each other, a precipitation tank installed at an end of the multi-stage reactor system and precipitating magnesium hydroxide generated from the calcium oxide and the seawater, a seawater outflow unit installed at a top end of the precipitation tank and allowing the seawater remaining after reacting with the calcium oxide to be discharged, a gas inflow unit installed at a bottom end of the precipitation tank, supplying the precipitation tank with carbon dioxide and air and allowing the carbon dioxide and magnesium hydroxide to react with each other to form bicarbonate ion, and a concentrated seawater outflow unit installed in the precipitation tank and discharging concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ion.|[0016] Here, partition walls may be installed at front ends of the respective reactors of the multi-stage reactor system and at a front end of the precipitation tank, so that the flow of the seawater is introduced to a bottom to then be discharged upwardly.|[0017] An agitator may be installed in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system to facilitate a reaction between the calcium oxide and the seawater and to allow particles of the magnesium hydroxide to move up to the precipitation tank without being interrupted.|[0018] The precipitation tank may include a diffuser diffusing and flowing the carbon dioxide into the precipitation tank, and an agitator facilitating a reaction between the carbon dioxide and precipitated magnesium hydroxide.|[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon dioxide isolation method using magnesium ion in seawater, the carbon dioxide isolation method including injecting alkaline waste containing calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium oxide into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ion present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation, after the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide, removing a supernatant of the seawater and allowing a lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide to react with each other to form concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3—) having a higher concentration than in a natural state, supplying the concentrated seawater with air to make bicarbonate ion in the seawater stably exist without being changed due to a contact with the air, and discharging the concentrated seawater having a pH level in the same range of between 8.0 and 8.2 with natural seawater to the ocean.|[0020] The discharging of the concentrated seawater to the ocean may include directly discharging the concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ion to the ocean through a pipe line.|Advantageous Effects|[0021] As described above, in the carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and carbon dioxide isolation method using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention, carbon dioxide as a major greenhouse gas can be sequestrated for a long time in an environmentally friendly manner. In particular, the present invention provides environmentally friendly storage of carbon dioxide in the ocean recognized as the maximum storage space while minimizing shortcomings of re-emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, ocean acidification and the like. A large amount of seawater is allowed to pass through alkaline waste containing industrial calcium oxide to form a precipitate of magnesium hydroxide, followed by reacting with carbon dioxide and aerating to be stabilized with the atmosphere to prepare elution water concentrated in the form of bicarbonate ions having a concentration about several tens of times higher than natural seawater. Since the concentrated elution water has a higher density than natural seawater, it can be discharged into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth for long-term sequestration of carbon dioxide, which is more economically efficient than the conventional ocean sequestration method. Therefore, it is possible to actively cope with carbon dioxide emission restrictions while achieving economical efficiency by securing a carbon emission right in the future.|(US9688558)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater according to an embodiment of the present invention; and|[0023] FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating pH changes after a reaction between calcium oxide and seawater, during a reaction between carbon dioxide and seawater and during aeration.|(US9688558)|MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION|[0024] Hereinafter, exemplified embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0025] Various aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the example embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these example embodiments of the disclosure are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will convey various aspects of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.|[0026] In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity. Here, like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.|[0027] In addition, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.|[0028] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various members, elements, regions, layers and/or sections, these members, elements, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one member, element, region, layer and/or section from another. Thus, for example, a first member, a first element, a first region, a first layer and/or a first section discussed below could be termed a second member, a second element, a second region, a second layer and/or a second section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.|[0029] Referring to FIG. 1, a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. In detail, FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary carbon dioxide concentration reactor for concentrating carbon dioxide using precipitated magnesium ion resulting after allowing a predetermined amount of alkaline waste containing calcium oxide to pass through excess seawater.|[0030] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the carbon dioxide concentration reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a multi-stage reactor system 100 and a precipitation tank 110.|[0031] Alkaline waste 120 containing calcium oxide and the seawater flowing into the multi-stage reactor system 100 through a seawater inflow line 130 are allowed to react with each other in the multi-stage reactor system 100 to generate and precipitate magnesium hydroxide.|[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the multi-stage reactor system 100 is fully filled with the seawater fed with a constant flow. Then, calcium oxide present in the alkaline waste 120 and magnesium ion present in the seawater in a concentration of approximately 50 mM react with each other in the following manner to form and precipitate magnesium hydroxide. That is to say, precipitation of magnesium hydroxide may result from a difference in the solubility between calcium oxide and magnesium hydroxide. Here, the calcium oxide may be obtained from alkaline waste and other materials, but the present invention does not limit the source of the calcium oxide to that listed herein. The calcium oxide may also be directly supplied to the seawater.|CaO+H2O+Mg2+→Mg(OH)2(↓)+Ca2+|[0033] A physical agitator 140 may further be installed in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system 100 to facilitate the reaction between the calcium oxide and the seawater. Accordingly, the reaction between the calcium oxide and the seawater vigorously takes place in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system 100. Here, since the magnesium hydroxide produced in a solid phase includes very small sized particles, that is, nano-particles, it is not precipitated by the agitator 140 in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system 100 but is passed to the next stage reactor of the multi-stage reactor system 100.|[0034] However, the other materials contained in the alkaline waste 120, other than the calcium oxide, are precipitated on the bottoms of the respective reactors while passing through the multi-stage reactor system 100, thereby functioning as a filter filtering some materials.|[0035] In FIG. 1, the multi-stage reactor system 100 including three reactors are illustrated, but the size or shape of each reactor and the number of reactors of the multi-stage reactor system 100 may be adjusted in consideration of the amount or precipitated state of the alkaline waste 120 injected. A total influx of the alkaline waste 120 of the seawater flowing in through the seawater inflow line 130 may be adjusted, and the flow rate of the alkaline waste 120 may also be adjusted according to the reaction state. The flowing-in seawater may flow along the multi-stage reactor system 100 and may finally overflow through a seawater outflow unit 131 while containing a larger amount of calcium ions than at the flowing-in time. That is to say, a supernatant in the seawater is exhausted.|[0036] In addition, partition walls 101 are vertically installed at front ends of the respective reactors of the multi-stage reactor system 100 and at a front end of the precipitation tank 110, which will later be described, so that the flow of the seawater is introduced to a bottom to then be discharged upwardly. Accordingly, the seawater stays in the multi-stage reactor system 100 and the precipitation tank 110 as long as possible, thereby yielding a maximum amount of magnesium hydroxide.|[0037] The precipitation tank 110 is installed at an end of the multi-stage reactor system 100. Therefore, when the seawater passes through the multi-stage reactor system 100, it is eventually introduced to the precipitation tank 110. In the precipitation tank 110, the generated magnesium hydroxide exists as precipitated magnesium hydroxide 121. Here, the precipitation tank agitator 150 is not driven to operate while generating the precipitated magnesium hydroxide 121. That is to say, an agitator 150 is also installed in the precipitation tank 110. The agitator 150 does not operate until the precipitated magnesium hydroxide 121 of greater than a predetermined amount is obtained.|[0038] In other words, if the calcium oxide contained in the injected alkaline waste 120 is sufficiently converted into magnesium hydroxide, the injecting of the seawater is stopped to allow the magnesium hydroxide to sufficiently precipitate in the precipitation tank 110.|[0039] Thereafter, high-concentration carbon dioxide or exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide is supplied to a diffuser 161 through a gas inflow line 160 and droplets of the exhaust gas are made smaller through the diffuser 161 to then be introduced to the precipitation tank 110. The gas inflow line 160 and the diffuser 161 are installed at bottom portions of the precipitation tank 110. That is to say, the diffuser 161 is positioned around a lower layer liquid in the seawater in the precipitation tank 110.|[0040] Here, the agitator 150 of the precipitation tank 110 is driven to operate to facilitate a reaction. That is to say, a reaction between the precipitated magnesium hydroxide 121 and carbon dioxide takes place in the precipitation tank 110 in the following manner, and excess bicarbonate ion exists in the seawater.|Mg(OH)2+CO2→Mg2++HCO3—|[0041] Here, the excess carbon dioxide is dissolved, so that the pH level is lowered to 7.4 or less, which is lower than the pH adjusted level of magnesium hydroxide. However, after the reaction with the carbon dioxide is completed, the resultant product is subjected to aeration by a contact with the atmosphere through the gas inflow line 160 and the diffuser 161 to maintain equilibrium of bicarbonate ion and to restore the pH level to 8.0 or higher.|[0042] Meanwhile, a final seawater outflow unit 132 is installed at a lower portion of the precipitation tank 110, that is, between the seawater outflow unit 131 and the carbon dioxide/air inflow line 160, and concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ion is discharged to the ocean through the final seawater outflow unit 132. That is to say, the concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ion may be directly discharged to the ocean through a pipe line.|[0043] FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating pH changes after a reaction between calcium oxide contained in alkaline waste 120 and seawater, during a reaction between carbon dioxide and seawater and during aeration. In FIG. 2, the X-axis indicates the time and the Y-axis indicates the pH level.|[0044] A total content of inorganic carbon contained in the seawater is approximately 2 mM during a reaction between calcium oxide and seawater, and is then changed into approximately 200 mM during a reaction between carbon dioxide and seawater, and into approximately 120 mM after aeration. While the pH level is an importantly influential factor on the concentration ratio of carbonates, the pH level of the seawater resulting after the final reaction is in a range of between approximately 8.0 and approximately 8.2. Within the range stated above, HCO3— ions occupy 95% or greater of the total carbonate content, suggesting that bicarbonate ion (HCO3—) stably exists in the seawater even when it is discharged to the ocean. Finally, aeration is performed to minimize CO2 re-emission due to a contact between the atmosphere on the seawater surface and the seawater. Here, it was confirmed that the content of bicarbonate ion was about 60 times higher than that of natural seawater.|[0045] While the carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and the carbon dioxide isolation method using the same according to the present invention have been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. It is therefore desired that the present embodiments be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention. | (US9688558)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and a carbon dioxide isolation method using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and carbon dioxide isolation method using the same, which can be easily applied to plants, like power plants, steel mills, cement plants, etc., producing alkaline waste, such as coal ash, iron slag, cement residue or the like, and large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions, for disposal of or sequestration of carbon dioxide in the ocean using the alkaline wastes by converting carbon dioxide in seawater into bicarbonate ion containing seawater having a concentration of several tens of times higher than natural seawater through a neutralization reaction between calcium oxide in the waste and carbon dioxide in seawater to be discharged to the ocean, thereby contributing to long-term reduction of carbon dioxide.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] A variety of techniques, including energy saving processes, high-efficiency power generation processes, renewable energy technologies, artificial forestation or biological processes, have been developed to attempt to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of representative greenhouse gases. However, under the current situation in which there is a need for continuous industrial development while maintaining the industrial foundation, a carbon capture and storage (CCS) (Sequestration) technique is a process capable of reducing large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions within a short period. The CCS technique may be divided into a capture process and a storage process.|[0003] The capture process consists of a pre-combustion capture process, an oxy-combustion process, and a post-combustion capture process. In the pre-combustion capture process, a carbon-containing fuel is converted into carbon dioxide and a hydrogen fuel using an appropriate reaction (e.g., a modification reaction, water gas shift reaction, etc.), carbon dioxide is captured and removed for combustion, thereby fundamentally preventing carbon dioxide from being produced in a reaction product.|[0004] In the oxy-combustion process, an absolute amount of exhaust gases can be reduced using only the nitrogen-removed oxygen, rather than using air as an oxidizer of a fuel, and carbon dioxide can be easily isolated and removed from the exhaust gases including only carbon dioxide and water.|[0005] The post-combustion capture process is a technique for isolating carbon dioxide from the post-combusted exhaust gas is isolated and is advantageous in that it can be most easily applied to the existing carbon dioxide sources.|[0006] The technique for isolating carbon dioxide may include a sequestration method using an appropriate solvent (for example, an amine-based absorber), a sequestration method using a separator membrane and a sequestration method using carbon dioxide absorption and adsorption of solid particles.|[0007] The carbon dioxide, once captured in the aforementioned manners, should then be stored using appropriate methods. Currently, methods of storing carbon dioxide in the ground or deep sea are generally being studied. According to these methods, carbon dioxide being in a supercritical state is injected into the underground space, such as an oil reservoir, a gas reservoir or a saline layer and then undergoes thermodynamic, hydrodynamic and chemical behaviors for sequestration and storage. However, there is a risk of re-emission of the stored carbon dioxide into the atmosphere or seawater due to limitation in the underground storage space and leakage of supercritical-state carbon dioxide stored at a high pressure. If carbon dioxide leaks in seawater, the marine ecosystem may be adversely affected by ocean acidification.|[0008] Other methods for sequestration and storage of large amounts of carbon dioxide include ocean storage methods. The ocean storage methods include a method of directly injecting carbon dioxide into the seawater to a depth of 1,000 m or greater and dissolving the same in the ocean, and a method of injecting high-density liquid carbon dioxide obtained by liquefying the carbon dioxide using a compressing device into an underground isolated space to a depth of 3,000 m or greater. However, in a case where carbon dioxide is directly injected into the seawater and stored in the ocean, the marine ecosystem may be affected by ocean acidification and there may be a possibility of re-emission of the dissolved carbon dioxide ultimately being in balance with the air. Thus, the direct injection method may not be considered as permanent sequestration and storage method. In addition, the method of injecting high-density liquid carbon dioxide is disadvantageous in that equipment and power for ocean acidification and liquefying and equipment and power for transportation of liquid carbon dioxide are required.|DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION|Technical Problem|[0009] Among various attempts at reducing emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most technically feasible method is to capture a large amount of carbon dioxide to then store the captured carbon dioxide in the oil reservoir or gas reservoir on the ground, in the depleted oil reservoir, gas reservoir or aquifer in the seabed or in the deep ocean through injection into the ocean or an undercurrent stream method. However, the geologic storage of carbon dioxide has several disadvantages, including storage space limitation, carbon dioxide leakage and so on, and ocean injection and undercurrent stream method have disadvantages, including a probable risk of re-emission into the atmosphere, the impact of a pH change on the marine ecosystem, high treatment costs, and the like.|[0010] The present invention has been made in an effort to solve the problems of the prior art, and the present invention provides a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and carbon dioxide isolation method using the same, wherein carbon dioxide is converted into a bicarbonate ion state having a high concentration using a neutralization method using calcium oxide commonly contained in industrial alkaline waste and then discharged into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth for safe sequestration of carbon dioxide in the deep ocean using a density difference.|[0011] In order to prepare seawater containing a high-concentration bicarbonate ion using calcium oxide, the reaction scheme is carried out in the following manner:|CaO+H2O+Mg2+→Mg(OH)2(↓)+Ca2+ (1)|Mg(OH)2+CO2→Mg2++HCO3− (2)|[0012] If the calcium oxide is injected into the seawater, it reacts with magnesium ion present in a concentration of approximately 50 mM in the seawater due to its higher solubility than the magnesium hydroxide, resulting in precipitation of the magnesium hydroxide. On reacting with the carbon dioxide, a considerable amount of the precipitated magnesium hydroxide may be dissolved. The bicarbonate ion (HCO3—) as a product resulting from the reaction may serve as a buffered solution in an aqueous solution state to minimize a change in the pH level. In addition, since the seawater containing bicarbonate ion (HCO3—) having a high concentration has a higher density than natural seawater, it can be stored in the deep ocean in an economically efficient manner using a density difference without separate energy consumption, thereby facilitating sequestration of carbon dioxide for a long time.|[0013] However, carbon dioxide may be re-emitted to the atmosphere at a discharged position making contact with the atmosphere, like at a surface layer of the ocean, due to equilibrium. Accordingly, in order to overcome the problem with the re-emission of carbon dioxide, a total amount of inorganic carbons in the seawater may be made to be in equilibrium before the carbon dioxide is discharged to the ocean through aeration.|Technical Solution|[0014] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater, wherein alkaline waste containing calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium oxide is injected into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ion present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation, after the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide, a supernatant of the seawater is removed and a lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide are allowed to react with each other to convert carbon dioxide into concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3—) having a higher concentration than in a natural state.|[0015] The concentration reactor may include an alkaline waste supply unit supplying alkaline waste containing calcium oxide or calcium oxide, a seawater inflow unit for feeding the seawater, a multi-stage reactor system supplied with the calcium oxide and seawater and allowing the calcium oxide and seawater to react with each other, a precipitation tank installed at an end of the multi-stage reactor system and precipitating magnesium hydroxide generated from the calcium oxide and the seawater, a seawater outflow unit installed at a top end of the precipitation tank and allowing the seawater remaining after reacting with the calcium oxide to be discharged, a gas inflow unit installed at a bottom end of the precipitation tank, supplying the precipitation tank with carbon dioxide and air and allowing the carbon dioxide and magnesium hydroxide to react with each other to form bicarbonate ion, and a concentrated seawater outflow unit installed in the precipitation tank and discharging concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ion.|[0016] Here, partition walls may be installed at front ends of the respective reactors of the multi-stage reactor system and at a front end of the precipitation tank, so that the flow of the seawater is introduced to a bottom to then be discharged upwardly.|[0017] An agitator may be installed in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system to facilitate a reaction between the calcium oxide and the seawater and to allow particles of the magnesium hydroxide to move up to the precipitation tank without being interrupted.|[0018] The precipitation tank may include a diffuser diffusing and flowing the carbon dioxide into the precipitation tank, and an agitator facilitating a reaction between the carbon dioxide and precipitated magnesium hydroxide.|[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon dioxide isolation method using magnesium ion in seawater, the carbon dioxide isolation method including injecting alkaline waste containing calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium oxide into the seawater to allow the calcium oxide to react with magnesium ion present in the seawater to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for precipitation, after the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide, removing a supernatant of the seawater and allowing a lower layer liquid of the seawater containing the magnesium hydroxide and carbon dioxide to react with each other to form concentrated seawater containing bicarbonate ions (HCO3—) having a higher concentration than in a natural state, supplying the concentrated seawater with air to make bicarbonate ion in the seawater stably exist without being changed due to a contact with the air, and discharging the concentrated seawater having a pH level in the same range of between 8.0 and 8.2 with natural seawater to the ocean.|[0020] The discharging of the concentrated seawater to the ocean may include directly discharging the concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ion to the ocean through a pipe line.|Advantageous Effects|[0021] As described above, in the carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and carbon dioxide isolation method using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention, carbon dioxide as a major greenhouse gas can be sequestrated for a long time in an environmentally friendly manner. In particular, the present invention provides environmentally friendly storage of carbon dioxide in the ocean recognized as the maximum storage space while minimizing shortcomings of re-emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, ocean acidification and the like. A large amount of seawater is allowed to pass through alkaline waste containing industrial calcium oxide to form a precipitate of magnesium hydroxide, followed by reacting with carbon dioxide and aerating to be stabilized with the atmosphere to prepare elution water concentrated in the form of bicarbonate ions having a concentration about several tens of times higher than natural seawater. Since the concentrated elution water has a higher density than natural seawater, it can be discharged into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth for long-term sequestration of carbon dioxide, which is more economically efficient than the conventional ocean sequestration method. Therefore, it is possible to actively cope with carbon dioxide emission restrictions while achieving economical efficiency by securing a carbon emission right in the future.|(US9688558)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater according to an embodiment of the present invention; and|[0023] FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating pH changes after a reaction between calcium oxide and seawater, during a reaction between carbon dioxide and seawater and during aeration.|(US9688558)|MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION|[0024] Hereinafter, exemplified embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0025] Various aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the example embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these example embodiments of the disclosure are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will convey various aspects of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.|[0026] In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity. Here, like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.|[0027] In addition, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.|[0028] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various members, elements, regions, layers and/or sections, these members, elements, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one member, element, region, layer and/or section from another. Thus, for example, a first member, a first element, a first region, a first layer and/or a first section discussed below could be termed a second member, a second element, a second region, a second layer and/or a second section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.|[0029] Referring to FIG. 1, a carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. In detail, FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary carbon dioxide concentration reactor for concentrating carbon dioxide using precipitated magnesium ion resulting after allowing a predetermined amount of alkaline waste containing calcium oxide to pass through excess seawater.|[0030] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the carbon dioxide concentration reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a multi-stage reactor system 100 and a precipitation tank 110.|[0031] Alkaline waste 120 containing calcium oxide and the seawater flowing into the multi-stage reactor system 100 through a seawater inflow line 130 are allowed to react with each other in the multi-stage reactor system 100 to generate and precipitate magnesium hydroxide.|[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the multi-stage reactor system 100 is fully filled with the seawater fed with a constant flow. Then, calcium oxide present in the alkaline waste 120 and magnesium ion present in the seawater in a concentration of approximately 50 mM react with each other in the following manner to form and precipitate magnesium hydroxide. That is to say, precipitation of magnesium hydroxide may result from a difference in the solubility between calcium oxide and magnesium hydroxide. Here, the calcium oxide may be obtained from alkaline waste and other materials, but the present invention does not limit the source of the calcium oxide to that listed herein. The calcium oxide may also be directly supplied to the seawater.|CaO+H2O+Mg2+→Mg(OH)2(↓)+Ca2+|[0033] A physical agitator 140 may further be installed in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system 100 to facilitate the reaction between the calcium oxide and the seawater. Accordingly, the reaction between the calcium oxide and the seawater vigorously takes place in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system 100. Here, since the magnesium hydroxide produced in a solid phase includes very small sized particles, that is, nano-particles, it is not precipitated by the agitator 140 in each reactor of the multi-stage reactor system 100 but is passed to the next stage reactor of the multi-stage reactor system 100.|[0034] However, the other materials contained in the alkaline waste 120, other than the calcium oxide, are precipitated on the bottoms of the respective reactors while passing through the multi-stage reactor system 100, thereby functioning as a filter filtering some materials.|[0035] In FIG. 1, the multi-stage reactor system 100 including three reactors are illustrated, but the size or shape of each reactor and the number of reactors of the multi-stage reactor system 100 may be adjusted in consideration of the amount or precipitated state of the alkaline waste 120 injected. A total influx of the alkaline waste 120 of the seawater flowing in through the seawater inflow line 130 may be adjusted, and the flow rate of the alkaline waste 120 may also be adjusted according to the reaction state. The flowing-in seawater may flow along the multi-stage reactor system 100 and may finally overflow through a seawater outflow unit 131 while containing a larger amount of calcium ions than at the flowing-in time. That is to say, a supernatant in the seawater is exhausted.|[0036] In addition, partition walls 101 are vertically installed at front ends of the respective reactors of the multi-stage reactor system 100 and at a front end of the precipitation tank 110, which will later be described, so that the flow of the seawater is introduced to a bottom to then be discharged upwardly. Accordingly, the seawater stays in the multi-stage reactor system 100 and the precipitation tank 110 as long as possible, thereby yielding a maximum amount of magnesium hydroxide.|[0037] The precipitation tank 110 is installed at an end of the multi-stage reactor system 100. Therefore, when the seawater passes through the multi-stage reactor system 100, it is eventually introduced to the precipitation tank 110. In the precipitation tank 110, the generated magnesium hydroxide exists as precipitated magnesium hydroxide 121. Here, the precipitation tank agitator 150 is not driven to operate while generating the precipitated magnesium hydroxide 121. That is to say, an agitator 150 is also installed in the precipitation tank 110. The agitator 150 does not operate until the precipitated magnesium hydroxide 121 of greater than a predetermined amount is obtained.|[0038] In other words, if the calcium oxide contained in the injected alkaline waste 120 is sufficiently converted into magnesium hydroxide, the injecting of the seawater is stopped to allow the magnesium hydroxide to sufficiently precipitate in the precipitation tank 110.|[0039] Thereafter, high-concentration carbon dioxide or exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide is supplied to a diffuser 161 through a gas inflow line 160 and droplets of the exhaust gas are made smaller through the diffuser 161 to then be introduced to the precipitation tank 110. The gas inflow line 160 and the diffuser 161 are installed at bottom portions of the precipitation tank 110. That is to say, the diffuser 161 is positioned around a lower layer liquid in the seawater in the precipitation tank 110.|[0040] Here, the agitator 150 of the precipitation tank 110 is driven to operate to facilitate a reaction. That is to say, a reaction between the precipitated magnesium hydroxide 121 and carbon dioxide takes place in the precipitation tank 110 in the following manner, and excess bicarbonate ion exists in the seawater.|Mg(OH)2+CO2→Mg2++HCO3—|[0041] Here, the excess carbon dioxide is dissolved, so that the pH level is lowered to 7.4 or less, which is lower than the pH adjusted level of magnesium hydroxide. However, after the reaction with the carbon dioxide is completed, the resultant product is subjected to aeration by a contact with the atmosphere through the gas inflow line 160 and the diffuser 161 to maintain equilibrium of bicarbonate ion and to restore the pH level to 8.0 or higher.|[0042] Meanwhile, a final seawater outflow unit 132 is installed at a lower portion of the precipitation tank 110, that is, between the seawater outflow unit 131 and the carbon dioxide/air inflow line 160, and concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ion is discharged to the ocean through the final seawater outflow unit 132. That is to say, the concentrated seawater containing the bicarbonate ion may be directly discharged to the ocean through a pipe line.|[0043] FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating pH changes after a reaction between calcium oxide contained in alkaline waste 120 and seawater, during a reaction between carbon dioxide and seawater and during aeration. In FIG. 2, the X-axis indicates the time and the Y-axis indicates the pH level.|[0044] A total content of inorganic carbon contained in the seawater is approximately 2 mM during a reaction between calcium oxide and seawater, and is then changed into approximately 200 mM during a reaction between carbon dioxide and seawater, and into approximately 120 mM after aeration. While the pH level is an importantly influential factor on the concentration ratio of carbonates, the pH level of the seawater resulting after the final reaction is in a range of between approximately 8.0 and approximately 8.2. Within the range stated above, HCO3— ions occupy 95% or greater of the total carbonate content, suggesting that bicarbonate ion (HCO3—) stably exists in the seawater even when it is discharged to the ocean. Finally, aeration is performed to minimize CO2 re-emission due to a contact between the atmosphere on the seawater surface and the seawater. Here, it was confirmed that the content of bicarbonate ion was about 60 times higher than that of natural seawater.|[0045] While the carbon dioxide concentration reactor using magnesium ion in seawater and the carbon dioxide isolation method using the same according to the present invention have been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. It is therefore desired that the present embodiments be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention. | Family Number|(61259336)|61259336|Abstract|(WO201410776 A1)|A method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in the ocean of the present invention converts carbon dioxide into a high concentration of bicarbonate ions by using a neutralization method using calcium oxide commonly contained in alkaline industrial waste, prepares elution water for stably containing bicarbonate ions even when making contact with the atmosphere through aeration, and discharges the elution water into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth to sequestrate carbon dioxide. According to the present invention, the present invention is a carbon dioxide storage method which uses alkaline industrial waste to carry out carbon dioxide ocean sequestration at relatively low cost, and can sequestrate carbon dioxide for a long time while minimizing bad environmental influences such as ocean acidification and the like, and is thus environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is possible to actively respond to carbon dioxide emission restrictions and simultaneously achieve economical efficiency by securing certified emission reductions henceforth.|L'invention concerne un procédé de séquestration de dioxyde de carbone dans l'océan qui convertit le dioxyde de carbone en une concentration élevée d'ions bicarbonate par l'utilisation d'un procédé de neutralisation à l'aide d'oxyde de calcium contenu communément dans des déchets industriels alcalins, prépare une eau d'élution pour contenir de façon stable des ions bicarbonate même lorsqu'ils entrent en contact avec l'atmosphère par aération, et évacue l'eau d'élution dans une zone de l'océan de profondeur relativement faible pour séquestrer le dioxyde de carbone. Selon la présente invention, la présente invention est un procédé de stockage de dioxyde de carbone qui utilise des déchets industriels alcalins pour effectuer une séquestration dans l'océan de dioxyde de carbone à un coût relativement faible, et peut séquestrer le dioxyde de carbone pendant une longue période tout en rendant minimales les mauvaises influences environnementales telles que l'acidification de l'océan ou similaire, et est donc respectueux de l'environnement. En conséquence, il est possible de répondre activement à des restrictions d'émission de dioxyde de carbone et à atteindre de façon simultanée un rendement économique en assurant donc des réductions d'émission certifiées.|(US9688558 B2)|A method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in the ocean of the present invention coverts carbon dioxide into a high concentration of bicarbonate ions by using a neutralization method using calcium oxide commonly contained in alkaline industrial waste, prepares elution water for stably containing bicarbonate ions even when making contact with the atmosphere through aeration, and discharges the elution water into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth to sequestrate carbon dioxide. According to the present invention, the present invention is a carbon dioxide storage method which uses alkaline industrial waste to carry out carbon dioxide ocean sequestration at relatively low cost, and can sequestrate carbon dioxide for a long time while minimizing bad environmental influences such as ocean acidification and the like, and is thus environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is possible to actively respond to carbon dioxide emission restrictions and simultaneously achieve economical efficiency by securing certified emission reductions henceforth.|Title|(WO201410776 A1)|Apparatus for concentration reaction of carbon dioxide using magnesium ions in seawater, and method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in ocean using same|Appareil pour une réaction de concentration de dioxyde de carbone à l'aide d'ions magnésium dans l'eau de mer, et procédé de séquestration de dioxyde de carbone dans l'océan l'utilisant|(US9688558 B2)|Apparatus for concentration reaction of carbon dioxide using magnesium ions in seawater, and method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in ocean using same|(US20150191385 A1)|Apparatus for concentration reaction of carbon dioxide using magnesium ions in seawater, and method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in ocean using same| | Environmental technology | 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WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO200900051 1851416 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|KR20130037803 45328274 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|KR100944539 34144824 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2010132504 33119662 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO200900051 1851416 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|KR100995699 34156389 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US4370307 59998410 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | WO200900051; JP2010132504|US4370307; JP2010132504; WO200900051|KR100944539; KR100995699; KR20130037803; KR1020130037803 | (US9688558)|Applicant references|-International Search Report mailed Mar. 22, 2013 for PCT/KR2012/006487.||| | GRANTED | (US9688558)|LAPSED|(WO2014/010776)|LAPSED|(KR10-1396717)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (US9688558)|DEAD|(WO2014/010776)|DEAD|(KR10-1396717)|ALIVE | (US9688558)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US9688558|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-08-04|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2012-08-14|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US14412636|Application 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indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Decision to grant or registration|Event publication date=2014-05-12|Event code=KR/GRNT|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Written decision to grant|Event publication date=2014-05-16|Event code=KR/B1|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patent specification|Publication country=KR|Publication number=KR10-1396717|Publication stage code=B1|Publication date=2014-05-16|Standardized publication number=KR101396717|Event publication date=2018-04-30|Event code=KR/FPAY|Event group=Event indicating In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Annual fee payment|Annual fees payment date=2018-04-30|Year of payment of annual fees=5|Event publication date=2019-04-26|Event code=KR/FPAY|Event group=Event indicating In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Annual fee payment|Annual fees payment date=2019-04-26|Year of payment of annual fees=6 | (WO2014/010776)|ARIPO: GH, RW, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2014/010776)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2014/010776)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2014/010776)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2014/010776)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, RW, BH, JP, BN, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, ST, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, CL, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PE, PG, PH, PL | (KR10-1396717)|KR | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=vTrV/OjFPeCg3Fxwnh2DvTeISh8T7V+NNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US9688558&ekey=1036&xpn=US9688558&kind=B2 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/14412636/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=s2DFuHU9vXobWDK85JFymXfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | KR | (WO2014/010776)|KR | (WO2014/010776)|NAME=KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION 167, Samseong 1-dong, Gangnam-gu Seoul 135-882 , COUNTRY=KR | (WO2014/010776)|KR|| | (WO2014/010776)|NAME=SUH, Man Kyu et al. 8th Floor, Sebang main Bldg., 708-8 Yeoksam 2-dong, Gangnam-gu Seoul 135-919 , POSTCODE=135-919 , COUNTRY=KR|(KR10-1396717)|NAME=SUH, MAN KYU ET AL. , REG=919980002604NAME=SEO, GYEONG MIN , REG=920020001891|(KR10-2014-0009871)|NAME=SUH, MAN KYU ET AL. , REG=919980002604NAME=SEO, GYEONG MIN , REG=920020001891 | (US9688558)|KR; KR; KR|(US20150191385)|KR; KR; KR|(WO2014/010776)|KR; KR; KR|| | (US9688558)|NAME=Lee Jung Hyun, CITY=Daejeon, COUNTRY=KR |NAME=Choi Jin Hyeok, CITY=Daejeon, COUNTRY=KR |NAME=Gil Joon Woo, CITY=Daejeon, COUNTRY=KR|(US20150191385)|NAME=Lee Jung Hyun, CITY=Daejeon, COUNTRY=KR |NAME=Choi Jin Hyeok, CITY=Daejeon, COUNTRY=KR |NAME=Gil Joon Woo, CITY=Daejeon, COUNTRY=KR|(WO2014/010776)|NAME=LEE, Jung Hyun Green Energy Laboratory Korea Electric Power Research Institute Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-760, POSTCODE=305-760, COUNTRY=KR |NAME=CHOI, Jin Hyeok Green Energy Laboratory Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-760, POSTCODE=305-760, COUNTRY=KR |NAME=GIL, Joon Woo Green Energy Laboratory Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-760, POSTCODE=305-760, COUNTRY=KR|(KR10-1396717)|NAME=LEE, JUNG-HYUN|NAME=CHOI,JINHYUK|NAME=GIL, Joon Woo|(KR10-2014-0009871)|NAME=LEE, JUNG-HYUN|NAME=CHOI,JINHYUK|NAME=GIL, Joon Woo | Titre: (US9688558)|Apparatus for concentration reaction of carbon dioxide using magnesium ions in seawater, and method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in ocean using same Résumé: (US9688558)|A method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in the ocean of the present invention coverts carbon dioxide into a high concentration of bicarbonate ions by using a neutralization method using calcium oxide commonly contained in alkaline industrial waste, prepares elution water for stably containing bicarbonate ions even when making contact with the atmosphere through aeration, and discharges the elution water into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth to sequestrate carbon dioxide. According to the present invention, the present invention is a carbon dioxide storage method which uses alkaline industrial waste to carry out carbon dioxide ocean sequestration at relatively low cost, and can sequestrate carbon dioxide for a long time while minimizing bad environmental influences such as ocean acidification and the like, and is thus environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is possible to actively respond to carbon dioxide emission restrictions and simultaneously achieve economical efficiency by securing certified emission reductions henceforth. | 13.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a method for carbon dioxide sequestration using magnesium ions and alkaline industrial waste, without mentioning iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 6.0 | 12.0 | (WO2014/010776)|2|(US9688558)|2|(KR10-1396717)|2 | (WO2014/010776)|5|(US9688558)|4|(KR10-1396717)|5 | (US9688558)|6|(US20150191385)|7||(KR10-1396717)|7|(KR10-2014-0009871)|7 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | (WO2014/010776)|2|(US9688558)|2|(KR10-1396717)|2 | 2.0 | 3.0 | (US9688558)|WO2014/010776 | (US9688558)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Number of Drawings: NDR=1|Number of Figures: NFG=2|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,5|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Extended under 35 USC 154(b) the following days: EXTD=204|Primary examiner: Barry Chester|Art Unit.: ART =1779||(US20150191385)|Number of Claims: NCL=7|Number of Drawings: NDR=1|Number of Figures: NFG=2|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,6|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Barry Chester|Art Unit.: ART =1779||(WO2014/010776)|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(KR10-1396717)|Number of Claims: NCL=7||(KR10-2014-0009871)|Number of Claims: NCL=7| | (US9688558)|Previous publication: US20150191385 A1 2015-07-09 [US20150191385] | (US9688558)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US9688558)|Patent|(US20150191385)|Patent|(KR101396717)|Patent|(KR20140009871)|Patent|(WO201410776)|Patent | ||||||||||||
| 23 | CN202311090642 | CN202311090642 | CN116844657|CN116844657 | 106738940 | CN116844657 B 2023-11-14 [CN116844657B]|CN116844657 A 2023-10-03 [CN116844657] | 2023-08-29 | 2023-08-29 | 2023-11-14|2023-10-03 | (CN116844657B)|2023-11-14 | (CN116844657)|2043-08-29 | (CN116844657)|Evaluation method for carbon sequestration process of marine sediment autogenous carbonate | (CN116844657)|The invention discloses a marine sediment authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration process evaluation method, and belongs to the field of marine sediment geochemistry and marine geology research. According to the influence of each geochemical process (degradation of organic matters, nitrate reduction, iron reduction, manganese reduction, sulfate radical reduction, a methane production process, precipitation of authigenic carbonate, an anaerobic oxidation process of methane and the like) in the sediment on a sediment carbonate balance system, a reaction-diffusion numerical model is utilized in combination with the pH change of pore water, so that the sediment carbonate balance system can be evaluated according to the influence of the geochemical processes (degradation of organic matters, nitrate reduction, iron reduction, manganese reduction, sulfate radical reduction, the methane production process and the like). And simulating and evaluating the carbon sequestration efficiency of the authigenic carbonate in the sediment. According to the method, the sediment authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration efficiency model is constructed to accurately evaluate the influence of each geochemical process in the sediment on the authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration efficiency, and the method is of great significance to research the influence of ocean sediment carbon circulation on regional and even global carbon circulation. | QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF MARINE GEOLOGY | (CN116844657)|QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF MARINE GEOLOGY ([CN])|(CN116844657)|QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF MARINE GEOLOGY ([CN]) | XU SINAN|ZHANG XILIN|CAO HONG|SUN ZHILEI|GENG WEI|ZHOU YUCHENG|ZHANG DONG|LI SHIXING|SUN YUNBAO|LI XINHAI | (CN116844657)|XU SINAN|ZHANG XILIN|CAO HONG|SUN ZHILEI|GENG WEI|ZHOU YUCHENG|ZHANG DONG|LI SHIXING|SUN YUNBAO|LI XINHAI|(CN116844657)|XU SINAN|ZHANG XILIN|CAO HONG|SUN ZHILEI|GENG WEI|ZHOU YUCHENG|ZHANG DONG|LI SHIXING|SUN YUNBAO|LI XINHAI | (CN116844657)|WANG DANDAN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 37335|WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 37335 | (CN116844657)|Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|The method has the advantages that the formation process of the autogenous carbonate in the sediment is more reasonably and accurately simulated, the key technical support is played for quantifying the influence of the global ocean sediment autogenous carbonate process on the change of the ocean ecosystem and the global carbon circulation, and simultaneously, the theoretical basis is provided for simultaneously reducing the autogenous carbonate formation and revealing the important geological time occurring in the geological period.|The main problem of the model of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the marine sediment at the present stage is that the rate of formation of the autogenous carbonate is calculated only by a single calcium ion fitting profile, and the influence of the geochemical reaction occurring in the sediment on the formation of the autogenous carbonate is ignored, so that the existing model cannot accurately calculate the carbon sequestration efficiency of the autogenous carbonate in the sediment.| | (CN116844657)|1. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration process of the marine sediment autogenous carbonate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:step A, modeling and analyzing geochemical processes occurring in sediments, wherein the geochemical processes comprise degradation of organic matters, nitrate radical reduction, iron reduction, manganese reduction, sulfate radical reduction, methanogenesis, precipitation of autogenous carbonate and anaerobic oxidation of methane;a1, simulating a degradation process of organic matters in a sampling site based on a lognormal distribution continuity marine sediment organic matter degradation model; the continuous organic matter degradation model of the lognormal distribution is expressed as:wherein G (t) represents the change of organic matter content along with time, G (0) represents the content of organic matter at a sediment-seawater interface, k represents the activity of the organic matter, t represents time, and G (k, 0) is lognormal distribution;step A2, simulating the processes of aerobic consumption, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters in the sediment based on the degradation process of the organic matters in the step A1, wherein the processes are expressed as follows:R Red =f C ·f O ·f N ·f M ·f F ·f S ·f M ·R OMwherein R is Red For the reaction rate of the reduction process, R OM For the degradation rate of organic matter, f c For the chemical equilibrium coefficient corresponding to the reduction reaction, f O ,f N ,f M ,f F ,f s ,f D Respectively controlling models of aerobic degradation, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters through participation of oxygen;b, simulating the dissolved inorganic carbon and the total alkalinity in the sediment according to the rates of carbonate, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate generated by the reaction in the A, constructing a sediment carbonate balance system, and establishing a distribution model of pH values in sediment pore water;the distribution model of pH in sediment pore water is represented as follows:wherein DIC represents dissolved inorganic carbon, TA represents total alkalinity, K C1 And K C2 Respectively represent the hydrolysis kinetic coefficients of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, H + Represents the hydrogen ion concentration;step C, establishing a calcium ion saturation distribution model in pore water according to the sediment carbonate balance system and the pore water pH distribution obtained in the step B, constructing a sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixing efficiency model by combining a reaction-diffusion model, and quantitatively calculating sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixing efficiency;precipitation rate R of autogenous carbonate in sediment AC The sediment autogenous carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model is expressed as follows, in linear dependence on the saturation of calcium ions:R AC =k Ca ·(Ω-1)wherein k is Ca For the first order kinetic autogenous carbonate formation rate reaction coefficient, Ω represents calcium ion saturation.| | (CN116844657)|The invention discloses a method for evaluating a carbon fixation process of a self-generated carbonate of a marine sediment, which belongs to the field of marine sediment geochemistry and marine geology research, and is used for simulating and evaluating the carbon fixation efficiency of the self-generated carbonate in the sediment according to the influence of various geochemical processes (degradation of organic matters, reduction of nitrate, reduction of iron, reduction of manganese, reduction of sulfate radical, methanogenesis process, precipitation of the self-generated carbonate, anaerobic oxidation process of methane and the like) in the sediment on a carbonate balance system of the sediment by combining with pH change of pore water and utilizing a reaction-diffusion numerical model. The invention builds a sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model to accurately evaluate the influence of each geochemical process in sediment on authigenic carbonate carbon fixation efficiency, and has important significance for researching the influence of ocean sediment carbon circulation on regional and even global carbon circulation.| | (CN116844657)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(100,36)|MARINE SEDIMENT(100,21)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,18)|EVALUATION(100,3)|OCEAN SEDIMENT CARBON CIRCULATION(65,1)|SEDIMENT(60,50)|HYDROLYSIS KINETIC COEFFICIENT(58,1)|AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE CARBON FIXATION(56,3)|QUANTITATIVELY CALCULATING SEDIMENT(55,2)|NITRATE RADICAL REDUCTION(49,10)|METHANE ANAEROBIC OXIDATION(49,2)|SULFATE RADICAL REDUCTION(48,10)|MARINE SEDIMENT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(48,5)|MARINE SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY(48,2)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(47,1)|KINETIC AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(46,3)|RADICAL REDUCTION(45,19)|AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE CARBON FIXING(44,4)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE PRECIPITATION(43,4)|SEDIMENT CARBONATE(41,9)|SEDIMENT AC(38,1)|GEOCHEMICAL REACTION INFLUENCE(37,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM CHANGE(37,1)|MARINE GEOLOGY RESEARCH(36,2)|AEROBIC CONSUMPTION(35,6)|GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION(35,1)|ANAEROBIC OXIDATION(34,2)|SEDIMENT PORE WATER(33,21)|MANGANESE REDUCTION(33,11)|CARBONATE CARBON FIXATION(33,8)|GLOBAL OCEAN INFLUENCE(32,1)|ADJUSTED COEFFICIENT(30,3)|GEOCHEMICAL REACTION(30,1)|AEROBIC DEGRADATION(29,4)|IRON REDUCTION(28,12)|ORGANIC MATTER(27,74)|SULFATE RADICAL(27,7)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE CARBON FIXATION(27,4)|CARBONATE CARBON FIXING(27,4)|OXYGEN PARTICIPATION(27,4)|LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION CONTINUITY(27,3)|GEOCHEMICAL(26,15)|SEDIMENT SEAWATER INTERFACE(26,3)|LN K VARIANCE(26,1)|CARBON FIXATION(25,12)|TOTAL ALKALINITY(25,6)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE FORMATION(25,3)|CALCIUM ION SATURATION(24,11)|GEOCHEMICAL PROCESS INFLUENCE(24,6)|SELF GENERATED CARBONATE(24,4)|CARBON CIRCULATION(24,2)|BICARBONATE(23,11)|METHANOGENESIS(23,5)|PRECIPITATION(23,1)|SAMPLING SITE(22,3)|NITRATE REDUCTION(22,2)|CHEMOMETRIC DISSOLUTION CONSTANT(21,3)|SIGNIFICANCE(21,2)|ERFC(20,18)|LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION(20,9)|MARINE GEOLOGY(20,2)|METHANE ANAEROBIC OXIDATION(20,1)|METHANOGENESIS(20,1)|MODEL MAIN(20,1)|SULFATE THRESHOLD(19,2)|GLOBAL OCEAN(19,1)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(18,1)|EVEN GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION(18,1)|REACTION DIFFUSION NUMERIC MODEL(18,1)|TOTAL ALKALINITY TA(17,2)|CARBON FIXING(16,4)|CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM COEFFICIENT(16,3)|SIMULATED DEPTH(16,3)|CARBONATE FORMATION(16,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(15,19)|ERROR RESIDUAL FUNCTION(15,12)|REACTION DIFFUSION MODEL(15,6)|EFFICIENCY MODEL(15,4)|AEROBIC CONSUMPTION(15,3)|CARBONATE RATE(15,3)|ANAEROBIC OXIDATION(15,1)|MOLECULAR DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(15,1)|ORGANIC MATTER DEGRADATION(14,15)|CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION(14,8)|SEDIMENT AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(14,3)|CONVECTION(14,1)|REACTION DIFFUSION(14,1)|PORE WATER(13,18)|CONTROL COEFFICIENT(13,4)|OXYGEN THRESHOLD CONTENT(13,3)|PORE WATER PH(13,2)|PH VALUE(12,5)|K CA(12,3)|OXYGEN THRESHOLD VALUE CONTENT(12,3)|NUMERIC MODEL(12,2)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(11,15)|GEOLOGICAL PERIOD(11,1)|CALCIUM ION(10,12)|NITRATE RADICAL REDUCTION(10,8)|DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON(10,7)|AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(10,3)|FORMATION RATE REACTION COEFFICIENT(10,3)|LINEAR DEPENDANCE(10,3)|KEY TECHNICAL SUPPORT(10,1)|LNK(10,1)|CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM(9,3)|HYDROLYSIS KINETICS COEFFICIENT(9,2)|COCCO ALGAE DEATH(9,1)|GEOCHEMICAL AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(9,1)|HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION(9,1)|ERROR FUNCTION(8,19)|REDUCTION(8,9)|THRESHOLD OXYGEN CONTENT(8,6)|CARBONATE(8,2)|GEOCHEMICAL INFLUENCE(8,2)|PRECIPITATION RATE(8,2)|SINGLE CALCIUM ION(8,1)|ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT(7,6)|AEROBIC(7,3)|REST VALUE(7,3)|SOLID MATTER(7,3)|PLANKTON IC ORGANISM(7,1)|REACTION RATE(6,6)|REDUCTION REACTION(6,4)|CARBONATE BALANCE SYSTEM(6,3)|MANGANESE REDUCTION(6,3)|AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE MINERAL(6,1)|SULFATE RADICAL REDUCTION(5,3)|MARGINAL SEA DEPOSIT(5,2)|APERTURE TORTUOSITY(5,1)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE ESTIMATED RATIO(5,1)|BONE CALCIUM(5,1)|GEOCHEMICAL MODEL(5,1)|GEOCHEMICAL RELATIONSHIP INFLUENCE(5,1)|GEOLOGICAL TIME(5,1)|INFLUENCE ESTIMATION(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON CIRCULATION(5,1)|ORGANIC MATTER RANGE(5,1)|REGIONAL CARBON CIRCULATION(5,1)|SIMULATION TIME(5,1)|SULFATE RADICAL THRESHOLD(5,1)|BALANCE SYSTEM(4,12)|IRON REDUCTION(4,5)|SULFATE REDUCTION(4,3)|CONVERSION ADJUSTMENT COEFFICIENT(4,1)|DEEP SEA SLUDGE(4,1)||(CN116844657)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(100,35)|MARINE SEDIMENT(100,23)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,20)|EVALUATION(100,3)|OCEAN SEDIMENT CARBON CIRCULATION(72,1)|SEDIMENT(70,53)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(63,4)|AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE CARBON FIXATION(63,3)|METHANE ANAEROBIC OXIDATION(55,2)|MARINE SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY(53,2)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(52,1)|NITRATE RADICAL REDUCTION(49,10)|AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE CARBON FIXING(49,4)|SULFATE RADICAL REDUCTION(48,10)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE PRECIPITATION(48,4)|SEDIMENT CARBONATE(46,9)|RADICAL REDUCTION(45,19)|MARINE SEDIMENT CARBON SEQUESTRATION(41,3)|GEOCHEMICAL REACTION INFLUENCE(41,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM CHANGE(41,1)|MARINE GEOLOGY RESEARCH(40,2)|AEROBIC CONSUMPTION(39,6)|GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION(39,1)|ANAEROBIC OXIDATION(38,2)|GLOBAL OCEAN INFLUENCE(36,1)|SEDIMENT PORE WATER(35,22)|GEOCHEMICAL REACTION(34,1)|MANGANESE REDUCTION(33,11)|CARBONATE CARBON FIXATION(33,8)|ADJUSTED COEFFICIENT(33,3)|KINETIC AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(33,3)|HYDROLYSIS KINETICS COEFFICIENT(31,3)|LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION CONTINUITY(31,3)|SULFATE RADICAL(30,7)|CARBONATE CARBON FIXING(30,4)|ORGANIC MATTER(29,75)|GEOCHEMICAL(29,15)|LN K VARIANCE(29,1)|IRON REDUCTION(28,12)|GEOCHEMICAL PROCESS INFLUENCE(27,6)|SELF GENERATED CARBONATE(27,4)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE FORMATION(27,3)|CARBON FIXATION(26,12)|CARBON CIRCULATION(26,2)|PRECIPITATION(26,1)|METHANOGENESIS(25,5)|SAMPLING SITE(25,3)|NITRATE REDUCTION(25,2)|SEDIMENT AC(25,1)|SIGNIFICANCE(24,2)|TOTAL ALKALINITY(23,6)|CHEMOMETRIC DISSOLUTION CONSTANT(23,3)|METHANE ANAEROBIC OXIDATION(23,1)|ERFC(22,18)|BICARBONATE(22,11)|MARINE GEOLOGY(22,2)|METHANOGENESIS(22,1)|MODEL MAIN(22,1)|SULFATE THRESHOLD(21,2)|GLOBAL OCEAN(21,1)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE CARBON FIXATION(20,4)|OXYGEN PARTICIPATION(20,4)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(20,1)|EVEN GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION(20,1)|REACTION DIFFUSION NUMERIC MODEL(20,1)|SEDIMENT SEAWATER INTERFACE(19,3)|TOTAL ALKALINITY TA(19,2)|CALCIUM ION SATURATION(18,10)|CARBON FIXING(18,4)|SIMULATED DEPTH(18,3)|CARBONATE FORMATION(18,2)|ERROR RESIDUAL FUNCTION(17,12)|PH VALUE(17,6)|REACTION DIFFUSION MODEL(17,6)|AEROBIC CONSUMPTION(17,3)|CARBONATE RATE(17,3)|MOLECULAR DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(17,1)|SEDIMENT AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(16,3)|ANAEROBIC OXIDATION(16,1)|RESTTHE(16,1)|OXYGEN THRESHOLD CONTENT(15,3)|PORE WATER PH(15,2)|CONVECTION(15,1)|REACTION DIFFUSION(15,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(14,19)|OXYGEN THRESHOLD VALUE CONTENT(14,3)|NUMERIC MODEL(14,2)|PORE WATER(13,17)|ORGANIC MATTER DEGRADATION(13,15)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(13,15)|CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION(13,8)|GEOLOGICAL PERIOD(13,1)|REST VALUE(12,5)|KEY TECHNICAL SUPPORT(12,1)|THROUGHTHE ORIGINAL(12,1)|EFFICIENCY MODEL(11,4)|AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(11,3)|CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM COEFFICIENT(11,3)|CONTROL COEFFICIENT(11,3)|LNK(11,1)|COCCO ALGAE DEATH(10,1)|GEOCHEMICAL AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE(10,1)|TAU(10,1)|ERROR FUNCTION(9,19)|DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON(9,7)|CARBONATE(9,2)|GEOCHEMICAL INFLUENCE(9,2)|PHI(9,1)|SINGLE CALCIUM ION(9,1)|NITRATE RADICAL REDUCTION(8,7)|THRESHOLD OXYGEN CONTENT(8,5)|AEROBIC(8,3)|SOLID MATTER(8,3)|PLANKTON IC ORGANISM(8,1)|QUANTITATIVELY CALCULATING SEDIMENT(8,1)|CARBONATE BALANCE SYSTEM(7,3)|FORMATION RATE REACTION COEFFICIENT(7,3)|LINEAR DEPENDANCE(7,3)|MANGANESE REDUCTION(7,3)|AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE MINERAL(7,1)|MARGINAL SEA DEPOSIT(6,2)|BONE CALCIUM(6,1)|OCEAN CARBON CIRCULATION(6,1)|ORGANIC MATTER RANGE(6,1)|SIMULATION TIME(6,1)|SULFATE RADICAL THRESHOLD(6,1)|BALANCE SYSTEM(5,12)|ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT(5,6)|REACTION RATE(5,6)|SULFATE RADICAL REDUCTION(5,3)|SULFATE REDUCTION(5,3)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE PRECIPITATION RATE(5,2)|APERTURE TORTUOSITY(5,1)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE ESTIMATED RATIO(5,1)|CONTROLSTHE REST(5,1)|GEOCHEMICAL MODEL(5,1)|GEOCHEMICAL RELATIONSHIP INFLUENCE(5,1)|GEOLOGICAL TIME(5,1)|INFLUENCE ESTIMATION(5,1)|REGIONAL CARBON CIRCULATION(5,1)| | (CN116844657)|1. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration process of the marine sediment autogenous carbonate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|step A, modeling and analyzing geochemical processes occurring in sediments, wherein the geochemical processes comprise degradation of organic matters, nitrate radical reduction, iron reduction, manganese reduction, sulfate radical reduction, methanogenesis, precipitation of autogenous carbonate and anaerobic oxidation of methane;|a1, simulating a degradation process of organic matters in a sampling site based on a lognormal distribution continuity marine sediment organic matter degradation model; the continuous organic matter degradation model of the lognormal distribution is expressed as:|wherein G (t) represents the change of organic matter content along with time, G (0) represents the content of organic matter at a sediment-seawater interface, k represents the activity of the organic matter, t represents time, and G (k, 0) is lognormal distribution;|step A2, simulating the processes of aerobic consumption, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters in the sediment based on the degradation process of the organic matters in the step A1, wherein the processes are expressed as follows:|R Red =f C ·f O ·f N ·f M ·f F ·f S ·f M ·R OM|wherein R is Red For the reaction rate of the reduction process, R OM For the degradation rate of organic matter, f c For the chemical equilibrium coefficient corresponding to the reduction reaction, f O ,f N ,f M ,f F ,f s ,f D Respectively controlling models of aerobic degradation, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters through participation of oxygen;|b, simulating the dissolved inorganic carbon and the total alkalinity in the sediment according to the rates of carbonate, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate generated by the reaction in the A, constructing a sediment carbonate balance system, and establishing a distribution model of pH values in sediment pore water;|the distribution model of pH in sediment pore water is represented as follows:|wherein DIC represents dissolved inorganic carbon, TA represents total alkalinity, K C1 And K C2 Respectively represent the hydrolysis kinetic coefficients of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, H + Represents the hydrogen ion concentration;|step C, establishing a calcium ion saturation distribution model in pore water according to the sediment carbonate balance system and the pore water pH distribution obtained in the step B, constructing a sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixing efficiency model by combining a reaction-diffusion model, and quantitatively calculating sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixing efficiency;|precipitation rate R of autogenous carbonate in sediment AC The sediment autogenous carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model is expressed as follows, in linear dependence on the saturation of calcium ions:|R AC =k Ca ·(Ω-1)|wherein k is Ca For the first order kinetic autogenous carbonate formation rate reaction coefficient, Ω represents calcium ion saturation.|2. The method for assessing a process for the carbon sequestration of marine sediments autogenous carbonates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step A1, g (k, 0) is a lognormal distribution, which is expressed as follows:|where lnμ is the average value of lnk, σ 2 Is the variance of ln k, μ represents the overall size of the organic matter activity, and μ represents the range of the organic matter activity as the organic matter activity is higher, and μ represents the larger.|3. The method for assessing a process for the carbon sequestration of marine sediments autogenous carbonates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step A2:|(1) F when organic matter is degraded by an aerobic process involving oxygen O 1, the value of the other control coefficients is 0, when the oxygen content in the pore water of the sediment is higher than 8%, the organic matters are degraded through aerobic consumption, f O The expression is as follows:|wherein erfc is an error function, [ O ] 2 ]Is the oxygen concentration, C O* B is an adjustment coefficient for controlling conversion;|(2) F when organic matter is degraded by nitrate radical reduction process N When the oxygen content in the pore water of the sediment is lower than 8 percent and higher than 5 percent, the organic matters are consumed and degraded through the nitrate radical reduction process, and f N The expression is as follows:|wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]Is oxygen concentration, C1 O* And C2 O* The oxygen threshold content is 8% and 5%, and b1 and b2 are adjusting coefficients for controlling conversion;|(3) F when organic matter is degraded by the manganese reduction process M When the oxygen content in the pore water of the sediment is lower than 5 percent and higher than 3 percent, the organic matters are consumed and degraded through the nitrate radical reduction process, and f M The expression is as follows:|wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]Is oxygen concentration, C1 O* And C2 O* Is the threshold value content of oxygen, which is 5% and 3%, b1 and b2 are the adjusting coefficients for controlling the conversion;|(4) F when organic matter is degraded by iron reduction process F The value of the rest control coefficient is 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 3 percent and higher than 2 percent, the organic matters are consumed and degraded through the iron reduction process, and f F The expression is as follows:|wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]Is oxygen concentration, C1 O* And C2 O* Is the threshold value content of oxygen, which is 3% and 2%, respectively, b1 and b2 are the adjusting coefficients for controlling the conversion;|(5) F when organic matter is degraded by sulfate reduction process S 1, the value of the other control coefficients is 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 2 percent and higher than 0 percent, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the sulfate radical reduction process, and f S The expression is as follows:|wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]Is oxygen concentration, C1 O* And C2 O* Is the threshold value content of oxygen, which is 2% and 0%, b1 and b2 are the adjusting coefficients for controlling the conversion;|(6) F when organic matter is degraded by carbon dioxide reduction process D 1, the value of the other control coefficients is 0, and the degradation of organic matters in the sediment through methanogenesis mainly occurs in the environment with the sulfate concentration lower than 1mM, f D The expression is as follows:|where erfc is the error function, [ SO ] 42- ]Concentration of sulfate radical, C S* Is the threshold concentration of sulfate, and b is the adjustment factor that controls the conversion.|4. The method for assessing a process for the carbon sequestration of marine sediments autogenous carbonates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step B, the dissolved inorganic carbon DIC, the total alkalinity TA and the pH value in the sediment are expressed as follows:|pH=log 10 ([H + ])|wherein brackets represent the concentration of the respective ion.|5. The method for assessing a process for the carbon sequestration of marine sediments autogenous carbonates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step C, a calcium ion saturation distribution model in the pore water is expressed as follows:|wherein Ω represents the saturation of calcium ions, [ Ca ]]Is the concentration of calcium ion, [ CO ] 32- ]At bicarbonate concentration, K SP* Is a chemometric dissolution constant.|6. The method for assessing a process for the carbon sequestration of marine sediments autogenous carbonates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step C, the reaction-diffusion model is represented as follows:|where x represents the simulated depth within the deposit, t is the simulated time,is the porosity of the deposit, D i For the molecular diffusion coefficient of the dissolved element i, τ is the tortuosity of the pore,/is>v is the convection rate of the dissolved element, C i For the concentration of dissolved elements or for the content of solid matter, Σr is the reaction rate for all elements of interest. | (CN116844657)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine sediment geochemistry and marine geology research, and particularly relates to an evaluation method of a marine sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixation process.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The sediment carbon pool comprises organic carbon, biological carbonate and autogenous carbonate, and the organic carbon, the biological carbonate and the autogenous carbonate form the most main carbon sink on the surface of the earth. Biocarbonates are benthic and planktonic organisms that build up calcareous bones directly by biochemical and physical action, e.g. calcium particles in deep sea sludges are formed by the death of Cocco algae. In land frame marginal sea areas, the formation of autogenous carbonates is often accelerated due to the input of large amounts of land-based weathering products and strong mineralization of organic carbon. Autogenous carbonates as a third carbon reservoir in marine sediments, on the one hand remove DIC from sediment pore water during formation and burial, while enabling CO release 2 Thus, the carbon circulation of the ocean system is greatly influenced. Its formation process has long been ignored because its production at the edge of the land frame is only a small fraction of the total production in the ocean.|[0003] However, recent studies have shown that there is a rapid formation of authigenic carbonate minerals in the marginal sea deposit whose role in the marginal sea deposit carbon migration and conversion process needs to be re-examined. In addition, although the currently estimated ratio of autogenous carbonates in marine sediments is very low, the carbon in the autogenous carbonates is considered to be derived from methane at the bottom of the marine sediment and has a relatively light carbon isotope composition (60 per mill) so that the carbon isotope composition of the sediment is not negligibly influenced.|[0004] The carbon fixation efficiency of the autogenous carbonates is closely related to the respective geochemical processes occurring in the sediment. Because the precipitation of autogenous carbonates is closely related to the sediment carbonate balance system, carbon dioxide, carbonate and bicarbonate that maintain the balance of the carbonate system are produced/consumed by the respective geochemical processes that occur with the sediment. The main problem of the model of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the marine sediment at the present stage is that the rate of formation of the autogenous carbonate is calculated only by a single calcium ion fitting profile, and the influence of the geochemical reaction occurring in the sediment on the formation of the autogenous carbonate is ignored, so that the existing model cannot accurately calculate the carbon sequestration efficiency of the autogenous carbonate in the sediment.|[0005] Therefore, an accurate self-generated carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model related to each geochemical process in the sediment is constructed, so that not only can key factors of each geochemical process in the sediment on the formation of the self-generated carbonate be accurately estimated, but also the method has important significance on the estimation of the influence of the self-generated carbonate process in the sediment on regional carbon circulation.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] In order to solve the defect that the influence of each geochemical process in the sediment on the carbon sequestration efficiency of the autogenous carbonate is not considered in the existing model, the invention provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration process of the autogenous carbonate of the marine sediment, and the method is used for evaluating the carbon sequestration process of the autogenous carbonate of the sediment by combining the influence of each geochemical process in the sediment on a sediment carbonate balance system.|[0007] The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: an evaluation method for a marine sediment autogenous carbonate carbon fixation process comprises the following steps:|[0008] step A, modeling and analyzing geochemical processes occurring in sediments, wherein the geochemical processes comprise degradation of organic matters, nitrate radical reduction, iron reduction, manganese reduction, sulfate radical reduction, methanogenesis, precipitation of autogenous carbonate and anaerobic oxidation of methane;|[0009] a1, simulating a degradation process of organic matters in a sampling site based on a lognormal distribution continuity marine sediment organic matter degradation model;|[0010] the continuous organic matter degradation model of the lognormal distribution is expressed as:,|[0011] in the method, in the process of the invention,G(t) Indicating the change of the organic matter content with time,G(0) Represents the content of organic matters at the sediment-seawater interface,kthe activity of the organic matter is represented by,tthe time is represented by the time period of the day,g(k0) is a lognormal distribution:,|[0012] in the formula, lnμIs lnkIs used for the average value of (a),σ2 is lnkIs a function of the variance of (a),μthe whole size of the organic matter activity is shown, the higher the organic matter activity is,μthe greater the value is,σthe organic matter activity range is shown in the body.|[0013] Step A2, simulating the processes of aerobic consumption, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters in the sediment based on the degradation process of the organic matters in the step A1;|[0014] b, simulating the dissolved inorganic carbon and the total alkalinity in the sediment according to the rates of carbonate, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate generated by the reaction in the A, constructing a sediment carbonate balance system, and establishing a distribution model of pH values in sediment pore water;|[0015] (1) The dissolved inorganic carbon DIC, total alkalinity TA and pH in the deposit are expressed as follows:|[0016] ,|[0017] ,|[0018] ,|[0019] wherein brackets represent the concentration of the respective ion.|[0020] (2) The distribution model of pH in sediment pore water is represented as follows:|[0021] ,|[0022] wherein DIC represents dissolved inorganic carbon, TA represents total alkalinity,and->The hydrolysis kinetics coefficients of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, respectively, are shown.|[0023] Step C, establishing a calcium ion saturation distribution model in pore water according to the sediment carbonate balance system and the pore water pH distribution obtained in the step B, constructing a sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixing efficiency model by combining a reaction-diffusion model, and quantitatively calculating sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixing efficiency;|[0024] (1) The calcium ion saturation distribution model in the pore water is expressed as follows:|[0025] ,|[0026] in the method, in the process of the invention,represents the saturation of calcium ions, [ Ca ]]Is the concentration of calcium ion, [ CO ] 32- ]In order to achieve the bicarbonate concentration,KSP* is a chemometric dissolution constant.|[0027] (2) Autogenous carbonic acid in the depositPrecipitation rate of saltRAC The sediment autogenous carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model is expressed as follows, in linear dependence on the saturation of calcium ions:|[0028] ,|[0029] in the method, in the process of the invention,kCa is a first order kinetic autogenous carbonate formation rate reaction coefficient.|[0030] Further, in the step A2, the reduction reaction for degrading the organic matters in the sediment is represented as follows:|[0031] ,|[0032] in the method, in the process of the invention,RRed in order to achieve a reaction rate of the reduction process,ROM in order to achieve the degradation rate of the organic matter,fc for the chemical equilibrium coefficient corresponding to the reduction reaction,fO ,fN ,fM ,fF ,fs ,fD respectively controlling models of aerobic degradation, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters through participation of oxygen;|[0033] (1) When organic matter is degraded by the aerobic process in which oxygen participates,fO 1, the rest control coefficients are 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is higher than 8%, the organic matters are degraded through aerobic consumptionfO The expression is as follows:|[0034] ,|[0035] wherein erfc is an error function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,CO* as the threshold level of oxygen gas,bfor controlling the adjustment coefficient of the conversion;|[0036] (2) When the organic matter is degraded by the nitrate radical reduction process,fN 1, the rest control coefficients have a value of 0, when the oxygen in the sediment pore water containsIf the content is less than 8% and more than 5%, the organic matter is consumed and degraded in the nitrate radical reduction process, so thatfN The expression is as follows:|[0037] ,|[0038] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 8% and 5% respectively,b1 andb2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion;|[0039] (3) When the organic matter is degraded by the manganese reduction process,fM the value of the rest control coefficient is 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 5 percent and higher than 3 percent, the organic matters are consumed and degraded through the nitrate radical reduction process, and thenfM The expression is as follows:|[0040] ,|[0041] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* is the threshold content of oxygen, 5% and 3% respectively,b1 andb2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion;|[0042] (4) When the organic matter is degraded by the iron reduction process,fF the value of the rest control coefficient is 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 3 percent and higher than 2 percent, the organic matters are consumed and degraded through the iron reduction process, and thenfF The expression is as follows:|[0043] ,|[0044] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 3% and 2% respectively,b1 andb2 is control rotationChanging an adjustment coefficient;|[0045] (5) When the organic matter is degraded by the sulfate reduction process,fS 1, the rest control coefficients are 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 2 percent and higher than 0 percent, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the sulfate radical reduction process, and thenfS The expression is as follows:|[0046] ,|[0047] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 2% and 0% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0048] (6) When the organic matter is degraded by the carbon dioxide reduction process,fD 1, the value of the other control coefficients is 0, and the degradation of organic matters in the sediment through methanogenesis mainly occurs in the environment with the sulfate concentration lower than 1mMfD The expression is as follows:|[0049] ,|[0050] where erfc is the error function, [ SO ] 42− ]Is the concentration of sulfate radical, and the concentration of sulfate radical,CS* is the threshold concentration of sulfate radicals which,bto control the adjustment coefficient of the transition.|[0051] Further, in the step C, the reaction-diffusion model is expressed as follows:|[0052] ,|[0053] in the method, in the process of the invention,xrepresenting the simulated depth within the deposit,tin order to simulate the time of day,φis the porosity of the deposit and,Di is a dissolved elementiIs used for the preparation of a polymer,τfor the tortuosity of the aperture,τ2 =1-ln(φ2 ),vto achieve a convective rate of dissolved elements,Ci in the form of concentration of dissolved elements or content of solid matter, sigmaRFor all reaction rates associated with the study element.|[0054] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|[0055] the scheme fully considers the influence of various geochemical processes occurring in the sediment, including the processes of aerobic degradation, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction, carbon dioxide reduction and the like of organic matters through oxygen participation on the sediment autogenous carbonate precipitation, and overcomes the defect that other models ignore the influence of the processes on the autogenous carbonate, and the autogenous carbonate formation is simulated by simply fitting the pore water calcium ion profile. The implementation of the scheme not only can quantify the influence of each geochemical relationship in the sediment on the formation rate of the autogenous carbonate, but also can help to clear key environmental factors affecting the formation of the autogenous carbonate of the sediment. The method has the advantages that the formation process of the autogenous carbonate in the sediment is more reasonably and accurately simulated, the key technical support is played for quantifying the influence of the global ocean sediment autogenous carbonate process on the change of the ocean ecosystem and the global carbon circulation, and simultaneously, the theoretical basis is provided for simultaneously reducing the autogenous carbonate formation and revealing the important geological time occurring in the geological period.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0056] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation method of a carbon sequestration process of an autogenous carbonate according to an embodiment of the present invention.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0057] In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.|[0058] The embodiment provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration process of the marine sediment, which comprehensively considers the influence of the geochemical process occurring in the sediment on the pH value of pore water and the saturation of calcium ions in the pore water, accurately simulates the formation process of the autogenous carbonate in the sediment, comprehensively evaluates the influence of the geochemical process of the sediment on the carbon sequestration efficiency of the autogenous carbonate, and comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1:|[0059] step A, modeling and analyzing geochemical processes occurring in sediments:|[0060] a1, simulating a degradation process of organic matters in a sampling site based on a lognormal distribution continuity marine sediment organic matter degradation model;|[0061] the activity distribution of the organic matters is described through the lognormal distribution in the lognormal distribution continuous organic matter degradation model, and the lognormal distribution continuous organic matter degradation model is expressed as:|[0062] (1)|[0063] in the method, in the process of the invention,G(t) Indicating the change of the organic matter content with time,G(0) Represents the content of organic matters at the sediment-seawater interface,kthe activity of the organic matter is represented by,tthe time is represented by the time period of the day,g(k0) is a log normal distribution as follows:|[0064] (2)|[0065] in the formula, lnμIs lnkIs used for the average value of (a),σ2 is lnkIs a function of the variance of (a),μthe overall size of the organic matter activity is exhibited (i.e. the higher the organic matter activity,μthe greater the value),σthe range in which the activity of the organic matter is exhibited is related to the amount of the organic matter component. Substituting the formula (2) into the formula (1) and deriving a time term to obtain the degradation rate of the organic matterROM 。|[0066] Step A2, simulating the processes of aerobic consumption, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction and methane production of organic matters in the sediment based on the degradation process of the organic matters in the step A1;|[0067] according to the distribution of electron Gibbs free energy, the degradation of organic matters in the sediment is sequentially carried out by the following sequential reduction reactions: oxygen-involved aerobic degradation, nitrate reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. According to the continuous organic matter degradation model of lognormal distribution in A1, the reaction process can be expressed as follows:|[0068] (3)|[0069] in the method, in the process of the invention,RRed in order to achieve a reaction rate of the reduction process,ROM in order to achieve the degradation rate of the organic matter,fc for the chemical equilibrium coefficient corresponding to the reduction reaction,fO ,fN ,fM ,fF ,fs ,fD the method is a control model for aerobic degradation, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters through participation of oxygen, and the scheme is modeled through an error function.|[0070] When organic matter is degraded by the aerobic process in which oxygen participates,fO 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is higher than 8%, the organic matters are degraded through aerobic consumptionfO The expression is as follows:|[0071] (4)|[0072] wherein erfc is an error function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,CO* is the threshold value content (8 percent) of oxygen,bto control the adjustment coefficient of the transition.|[0073] When the organic matter is degraded by the nitrate radical reduction process,fN 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 8 percent and higher than 5 percent, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the nitrate radical reduction process, so that the organic matters are degradedfN The expression is as follows:|[0074] (5)|[0075] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 8% and 5% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0076] When the organic matter is degraded by the manganese reduction process,fM 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 5% and higher than 3%, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the nitrate radical reduction process, so that the sediment is preparedfM The expression is as follows:|[0077] (6)|[0078] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* is the threshold content of oxygen, 5% and 3% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0079] When the organic matter is degraded by the iron reduction process,fF 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 3 percent and higher than 2 percent, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the iron reduction process, so that the sediment pore water is preparedfF The expression is as follows:|[0080] (7)|[0081] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 3% and 2% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0082] When the organic matter is degraded by the sulfate reduction process,fS 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 2% and higher than 0%, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the sulfate radical reduction process, so that the sediment is preparedfS The expression is as follows:|[0083] (8)|[0084] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 2% and 0% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0085] When the organic matter is degraded by the carbon dioxide reduction process,fD 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. Degradation of organic matter in the sediment by methanogenesis occurs mainly in environments with sulfate concentration below 1mMfD The expression is as follows:|[0086] (9)|[0087] where erfc is the error function, [ SO ] 42− ]Is the concentration of sulfate radical, and the concentration of sulfate radical,CS* is the threshold concentration of sulfate (.about.1 mM),bto control the adjustment coefficient of the transition.|[0088] Step B, establishing a sediment carbonate balance system|[0089] Step B1, simulating the dissolved inorganic carbon and the total alkalinity in the sediment according to the rates of carbonate, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate generated by the reaction in the step A, and constructing a sediment carbonate balance system;|[0090] there are three important parameters in the pore water carbonate system: (1) dissolving inorganic carbon (DIC, formula (10)), (2) total alkalinity (TA, formula (11)), (3) pH (formula (12)).|[0091] (10)|[0092] (11)|[0093] (12)|[0094] In the above formula, brackets represent the concentrations of the respective ions. Wherein the changes of carbon dioxide, carbonate and bicarbonate are solved according to the geochemical model established in A, and the concentrations of DIC and TA in the sediment pore water can be solved accordingly.|[0095] And B2, establishing a distribution model of the pH value in the sediment pore water according to the sediment carbonate balance system constructed in the step B1.|[0096] According to formulas (10) and (11), the pH value in the pore water is solved by combining a carbonate balance system, and the expression is as follows:|[0097] (13)|[0098] substituting formula (13) into formula (12) can solve the pH value of the pore water.|[0099] Wherein,and->The hydrolysis kinetics coefficients of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, respectively, are shown.|[0100] Step C, modeling a spontaneous carbonate precipitation process: and establishing a model of the formation of the autogenous carbonate of the geochemical process of the sediment, evaluating the influence of each geochemical process of the sediment on the formation of the autogenous carbonate, and quantitatively calculating the carbon fixation efficiency of the autogenous carbonate of the sediment.|[0101] Step C1, the formation rate of autogenous carbonate in sediment is closely related to the saturation degree of calcium ions in pore water, and a model (omega) of the saturation degree of the calcium ions in the pore water is built according to the carbonate balance system obtained in the step B and the pH distribution of the pore water;|[0102] (14)|[0103] in the formula, [ Ca ]]Is the concentration of calcium ion, [ CO ] 32- ]In order to achieve the bicarbonate concentration,KSP* is a chemometric dissolution constant.|[0104] Precipitation rate of autogenous carbonate in sedimentRAC ) The sediment autogenous carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model is expressed as follows, in linear dependence on the saturation of calcium ions:|[0105] (15)|[0106] in the method, in the process of the invention,kCa is a first order kinetic autogenous carbonate formation rate reaction coefficient.|[0107] Step C2, based on a reaction-diffusion model, simulating a multi-geochemical process coupled authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration process by combining the above-mentioned reaction process related to authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration process in sediment and its numerical model (formulas 1-9), and authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration efficiency numerical model in sediment (formulas 10-15), wherein the reaction-diffusion model is as follows:|[0108] (16)|[0109] in the method, in the process of the invention,xrepresenting the simulated depth within the deposit (primarily related to the sample length studied),tin order to simulate the time of day,φis the porosity of the deposit and,Di is a dissolved elementiIs used for the preparation of a polymer,τthe tortuosity of the pore is related to the porosity, and the specific calculation modes are as follows:τ2 =1-ln(φ2 ),vto achieve a convective rate of dissolved elements,Ci in the form of concentration of dissolved elements or content of solid matter, sigmaRFor all reaction rates associated with the study element。|[0110] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical content disclosed above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention. | (CN116844657)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine sediment geochemistry and marine geology research, and particularly relates to an evaluation method of a marine sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixation process.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The sediment carbon pool comprises organic carbon, biological carbonate and autogenous carbonate, and the organic carbon, the biological carbonate and the autogenous carbonate form the most main carbon sink on the surface of the earth. Biocarbonates are benthic and planktonic organisms that build up calcareous bones directly by biochemical and physical action, e.g. calcium particles in deep sea sludges are formed by the death of Cocco algae. In land frame marginal sea areas, the formation of autogenous carbonates is often accelerated due to the input of large amounts of land-based weathering products and strong mineralization of organic carbon. Autogenous carbonates as a third carbon reservoir in marine sediments, on the one hand remove DIC from sediment pore water during formation and burial, while enabling CO release 2 Thus, the carbon circulation of the ocean system is greatly influenced. Its formation process has long been ignored because its production at the edge of the land frame is only a small fraction of the total production in the ocean.|[0003] However, recent studies have shown that there is a rapid formation of authigenic carbonate minerals in the marginal sea deposit whose role in the marginal sea deposit carbon migration and conversion process needs to be re-examined. In addition, although the currently estimated ratio of autogenous carbonates in marine sediments is very low, the carbon in the autogenous carbonates is considered to be derived from methane at the bottom of the marine sediment and has a relatively light carbon isotope composition (60 per mill) so that the carbon isotope composition of the sediment is not negligibly influenced.|[0004] The carbon fixation efficiency of the autogenous carbonates is closely related to the respective geochemical processes occurring in the sediment. Because the precipitation of autogenous carbonates is closely related to the sediment carbonate balance system, carbon dioxide, carbonate and bicarbonate that maintain the balance of the carbonate system are produced/consumed by the respective geochemical processes that occur with the sediment. The main problem of the model of the carbon sequestration efficiency of the marine sediment at the present stage is that the rate of formation of the autogenous carbonate is calculated only by a single calcium ion fitting profile, and the influence of the geochemical reaction occurring in the sediment on the formation of the autogenous carbonate is ignored, so that the existing model cannot accurately calculate the carbon sequestration efficiency of the autogenous carbonate in the sediment.|[0005] Therefore, an accurate self-generated carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model related to each geochemical process in the sediment is constructed, so that not only can key factors of each geochemical process in the sediment on the formation of the self-generated carbonate be accurately estimated, but also the method has important significance on the estimation of the influence of the self-generated carbonate process in the sediment on regional carbon circulation.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] In order to solve the defect that the influence of each geochemical process in the sediment on the carbon sequestration efficiency of the autogenous carbonate is not considered in the existing model, the invention provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration process of the autogenous carbonate of the marine sediment, and the method is used for evaluating the carbon sequestration process of the autogenous carbonate of the sediment by combining the influence of each geochemical process in the sediment on a sediment carbonate balance system.|[0007] The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: an evaluation method for a marine sediment autogenous carbonate carbon fixation process comprises the following steps:|[0008] step A, modeling and analyzing geochemical processes occurring in sediments, wherein the geochemical processes comprise degradation of organic matters, nitrate radical reduction, iron reduction, manganese reduction, sulfate radical reduction, methanogenesis, precipitation of autogenous carbonate and anaerobic oxidation of methane;|[0009] a1, simulating a degradation process of organic matters in a sampling site based on a lognormal distribution continuity marine sediment organic matter degradation model;|[0010] the continuous organic matter degradation model of the lognormal distribution is expressed as:,|[0011] in the method, in the process of the invention,G(t) Indicating the change of the organic matter content with time,G(0) Represents the content of organic matters at the sediment-seawater interface,kthe activity of the organic matter is represented by,tthe time is represented by the time period of the day,g(k0) is a lognormal distribution:,|[0012] in the formula, lnμIs lnkIs used for the average value of (a),σ2 is lnkIs a function of the variance of (a),μthe whole size of the organic matter activity is shown, the higher the organic matter activity is,μthe greater the value is,σthe organic matter activity range is shown in the body.|[0013] Step A2, simulating the processes of aerobic consumption, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters in the sediment based on the degradation process of the organic matters in the step A1;|[0014] b, simulating the dissolved inorganic carbon and the total alkalinity in the sediment according to the rates of carbonate, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate generated by the reaction in the A, constructing a sediment carbonate balance system, and establishing a distribution model of pH values in sediment pore water;|[0015] (1) The dissolved inorganic carbon DIC, total alkalinity TA and pH in the deposit are expressed as follows:|[0016] ,|[0017] ,|[0018] ,|[0019] wherein brackets represent the concentration of the respective ion.|[0020] (2) The distribution model of pH in sediment pore water is represented as follows:|[0021] ,|[0022] wherein DIC represents dissolved inorganic carbon, TA represents total alkalinity,and->The hydrolysis kinetics coefficients of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, respectively, are shown.|[0023] Step C, establishing a calcium ion saturation distribution model in pore water according to the sediment carbonate balance system and the pore water pH distribution obtained in the step B, constructing a sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixing efficiency model by combining a reaction-diffusion model, and quantitatively calculating sediment authigenic carbonate carbon fixing efficiency;|[0024] (1) The calcium ion saturation distribution model in the pore water is expressed as follows:|[0025] ,|[0026] in the method, in the process of the invention,represents the saturation of calcium ions, [ Ca ]]Is the concentration of calcium ion, [ CO ] 32- ]In order to achieve the bicarbonate concentration,KSP* is a chemometric dissolution constant.|[0027] (2) Autogenous carbonic acid in the depositPrecipitation rate of saltRAC The sediment autogenous carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model is expressed as follows, in linear dependence on the saturation of calcium ions:|[0028] ,|[0029] in the method, in the process of the invention,kCa is a first order kinetic autogenous carbonate formation rate reaction coefficient.|[0030] Further, in the step A2, the reduction reaction for degrading the organic matters in the sediment is represented as follows:|[0031] ,|[0032] in the method, in the process of the invention,RRed in order to achieve a reaction rate of the reduction process,ROM in order to achieve the degradation rate of the organic matter,fc for the chemical equilibrium coefficient corresponding to the reduction reaction,fO ,fN ,fM ,fF ,fs ,fD respectively controlling models of aerobic degradation, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters through participation of oxygen;|[0033] (1) When organic matter is degraded by the aerobic process in which oxygen participates,fO 1, the rest control coefficients are 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is higher than 8%, the organic matters are degraded through aerobic consumptionfO The expression is as follows:|[0034] ,|[0035] wherein erfc is an error function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,CO* as the threshold level of oxygen gas,bfor controlling the adjustment coefficient of the conversion;|[0036] (2) When the organic matter is degraded by the nitrate radical reduction process,fN 1, the rest control coefficients have a value of 0, when the oxygen in the sediment pore water containsIf the content is less than 8% and more than 5%, the organic matter is consumed and degraded in the nitrate radical reduction process, so thatfN The expression is as follows:|[0037] ,|[0038] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 8% and 5% respectively,b1 andb2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion;|[0039] (3) When the organic matter is degraded by the manganese reduction process,fM the value of the rest control coefficient is 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 5 percent and higher than 3 percent, the organic matters are consumed and degraded through the nitrate radical reduction process, and thenfM The expression is as follows:|[0040] ,|[0041] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* is the threshold content of oxygen, 5% and 3% respectively,b1 andb2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion;|[0042] (4) When the organic matter is degraded by the iron reduction process,fF the value of the rest control coefficient is 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 3 percent and higher than 2 percent, the organic matters are consumed and degraded through the iron reduction process, and thenfF The expression is as follows:|[0043] ,|[0044] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 3% and 2% respectively,b1 andb2 is control rotationChanging an adjustment coefficient;|[0045] (5) When the organic matter is degraded by the sulfate reduction process,fS 1, the rest control coefficients are 0, when the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 2 percent and higher than 0 percent, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the sulfate radical reduction process, and thenfS The expression is as follows:|[0046] ,|[0047] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 2% and 0% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0048] (6) When the organic matter is degraded by the carbon dioxide reduction process,fD 1, the value of the other control coefficients is 0, and the degradation of organic matters in the sediment through methanogenesis mainly occurs in the environment with the sulfate concentration lower than 1mMfD The expression is as follows:|[0049] ,|[0050] where erfc is the error function, [ SO ] 42− ]Is the concentration of sulfate radical, and the concentration of sulfate radical,CS* is the threshold concentration of sulfate radicals which,bto control the adjustment coefficient of the transition.|[0051] Further, in the step C, the reaction-diffusion model is expressed as follows:|[0052] ,|[0053] in the method, in the process of the invention,xrepresenting the simulated depth within the deposit,tin order to simulate the time of day,φis the porosity of the deposit and,Di is a dissolved elementiIs used for the preparation of a polymer,τfor the tortuosity of the aperture,τ2 =1-ln(φ2 ),vto achieve a convective rate of dissolved elements,Ci in the form of concentration of dissolved elements or content of solid matter, sigmaRFor all reaction rates associated with the study element.|[0054] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|[0055] the scheme fully considers the influence of various geochemical processes occurring in the sediment, including the processes of aerobic degradation, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction, carbon dioxide reduction and the like of organic matters through oxygen participation on the sediment autogenous carbonate precipitation, and overcomes the defect that other models ignore the influence of the processes on the autogenous carbonate, and the autogenous carbonate formation is simulated by simply fitting the pore water calcium ion profile. The implementation of the scheme not only can quantify the influence of each geochemical relationship in the sediment on the formation rate of the autogenous carbonate, but also can help to clear key environmental factors affecting the formation of the autogenous carbonate of the sediment. The method has the advantages that the formation process of the autogenous carbonate in the sediment is more reasonably and accurately simulated, the key technical support is played for quantifying the influence of the global ocean sediment autogenous carbonate process on the change of the ocean ecosystem and the global carbon circulation, and simultaneously, the theoretical basis is provided for simultaneously reducing the autogenous carbonate formation and revealing the important geological time occurring in the geological period.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0056] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation method of a carbon sequestration process of an autogenous carbonate according to an embodiment of the present invention.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0057] In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.|[0058] The embodiment provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration process of the marine sediment, which comprehensively considers the influence of the geochemical process occurring in the sediment on the pH value of pore water and the saturation of calcium ions in the pore water, accurately simulates the formation process of the autogenous carbonate in the sediment, comprehensively evaluates the influence of the geochemical process of the sediment on the carbon sequestration efficiency of the autogenous carbonate, and comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1:|[0059] step A, modeling and analyzing geochemical processes occurring in sediments:|[0060] a1, simulating a degradation process of organic matters in a sampling site based on a lognormal distribution continuity marine sediment organic matter degradation model;|[0061] the activity distribution of the organic matters is described through the lognormal distribution in the lognormal distribution continuous organic matter degradation model, and the lognormal distribution continuous organic matter degradation model is expressed as:|[0062] (1)|[0063] in the method, in the process of the invention,G(t) Indicating the change of the organic matter content with time,G(0) Represents the content of organic matters at the sediment-seawater interface,kthe activity of the organic matter is represented by,tthe time is represented by the time period of the day,g(k0) is a log normal distribution as follows:|[0064] (2)|[0065] in the formula, lnμIs lnkIs used for the average value of (a),σ2 is lnkIs a function of the variance of (a),μthe overall size of the organic matter activity is exhibited (i.e. the higher the organic matter activity,μthe greater the value),σthe range in which the activity of the organic matter is exhibited is related to the amount of the organic matter component. Substituting the formula (2) into the formula (1) and deriving a time term to obtain the degradation rate of the organic matterROM 。|[0066] Step A2, simulating the processes of aerobic consumption, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction and methane production of organic matters in the sediment based on the degradation process of the organic matters in the step A1;|[0067] according to the distribution of electron Gibbs free energy, the degradation of organic matters in the sediment is sequentially carried out by the following sequential reduction reactions: oxygen-involved aerobic degradation, nitrate reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. According to the continuous organic matter degradation model of lognormal distribution in A1, the reaction process can be expressed as follows:|[0068] (3)|[0069] in the method, in the process of the invention,RRed in order to achieve a reaction rate of the reduction process,ROM in order to achieve the degradation rate of the organic matter,fc for the chemical equilibrium coefficient corresponding to the reduction reaction,fO ,fN ,fM ,fF ,fs ,fD the method is a control model for aerobic degradation, nitrate radical reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate radical reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of organic matters through participation of oxygen, and the scheme is modeled through an error function.|[0070] When organic matter is degraded by the aerobic process in which oxygen participates,fO 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is higher than 8%, the organic matters are degraded through aerobic consumptionfO The expression is as follows:|[0071] (4)|[0072] wherein erfc is an error function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,CO* is the threshold value content (8 percent) of oxygen,bto control the adjustment coefficient of the transition.|[0073] When the organic matter is degraded by the nitrate radical reduction process,fN 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 8 percent and higher than 5 percent, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the nitrate radical reduction process, so that the organic matters are degradedfN The expression is as follows:|[0074] (5)|[0075] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 8% and 5% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0076] When the organic matter is degraded by the manganese reduction process,fM 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 5% and higher than 3%, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the nitrate radical reduction process, so that the sediment is preparedfM The expression is as follows:|[0077] (6)|[0078] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* is the threshold content of oxygen, 5% and 3% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0079] When the organic matter is degraded by the iron reduction process,fF 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 3 percent and higher than 2 percent, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the iron reduction process, so that the sediment pore water is preparedfF The expression is as follows:|[0080] (7)|[0081] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 3% and 2% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0082] When the organic matter is degraded by the sulfate reduction process,fS 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. When the oxygen content in the sediment pore water is lower than 2% and higher than 0%, organic matters are consumed and degraded through the sulfate radical reduction process, so that the sediment is preparedfS The expression is as follows:|[0083] (8)|[0084] wherein erfc is an error function, erf is an error residual function, [ O ] 2 ]In order to achieve the oxygen concentration,C1 O* andC2 O* the threshold oxygen content is 2% and 0% respectively,b1 andband 2 is an adjustment coefficient for controlling the conversion.|[0085] When the organic matter is degraded by the carbon dioxide reduction process,fD 1 and the values of the remaining control coefficients are 0. Degradation of organic matter in the sediment by methanogenesis occurs mainly in environments with sulfate concentration below 1mMfD The expression is as follows:|[0086] (9)|[0087] where erfc is the error function, [ SO ] 42− ]Is the concentration of sulfate radical, and the concentration of sulfate radical,CS* is the threshold concentration of sulfate (.about.1 mM),bto control the adjustment coefficient of the transition.|[0088] Step B, establishing a sediment carbonate balance system|[0089] Step B1, simulating the dissolved inorganic carbon and the total alkalinity in the sediment according to the rates of carbonate, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate generated by the reaction in the step A, and constructing a sediment carbonate balance system;|[0090] there are three important parameters in the pore water carbonate system: (1) dissolving inorganic carbon (DIC, formula (10)), (2) total alkalinity (TA, formula (11)), (3) pH (formula (12)).|[0091] (10)|[0092] (11)|[0093] (12)|[0094] In the above formula, brackets represent the concentrations of the respective ions. Wherein the changes of carbon dioxide, carbonate and bicarbonate are solved according to the geochemical model established in A, and the concentrations of DIC and TA in the sediment pore water can be solved accordingly.|[0095] And B2, establishing a distribution model of the pH value in the sediment pore water according to the sediment carbonate balance system constructed in the step B1.|[0096] According to formulas (10) and (11), the pH value in the pore water is solved by combining a carbonate balance system, and the expression is as follows:|[0097] (13)|[0098] substituting formula (13) into formula (12) can solve the pH value of the pore water.|[0099] Wherein,and->The hydrolysis kinetics coefficients of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, respectively, are shown.|[0100] Step C, modeling a spontaneous carbonate precipitation process: and establishing a model of the formation of the autogenous carbonate of the geochemical process of the sediment, evaluating the influence of each geochemical process of the sediment on the formation of the autogenous carbonate, and quantitatively calculating the carbon fixation efficiency of the autogenous carbonate of the sediment.|[0101] Step C1, the formation rate of autogenous carbonate in sediment is closely related to the saturation degree of calcium ions in pore water, and a model (omega) of the saturation degree of the calcium ions in the pore water is built according to the carbonate balance system obtained in the step B and the pH distribution of the pore water;|[0102] (14)|[0103] in the formula, [ Ca ]]Is the concentration of calcium ion, [ CO ] 32- ]In order to achieve the bicarbonate concentration,KSP* is a chemometric dissolution constant.|[0104] Precipitation rate of autogenous carbonate in sedimentRAC ) The sediment autogenous carbonate carbon fixation efficiency model is expressed as follows, in linear dependence on the saturation of calcium ions:|[0105] (15)|[0106] in the method, in the process of the invention,kCa is a first order kinetic autogenous carbonate formation rate reaction coefficient.|[0107] Step C2, based on a reaction-diffusion model, simulating a multi-geochemical process coupled authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration process by combining the above-mentioned reaction process related to authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration process in sediment and its numerical model (formulas 1-9), and authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration efficiency numerical model in sediment (formulas 10-15), wherein the reaction-diffusion model is as follows:|[0108] (16)|[0109] in the method, in the process of the invention,xrepresenting the simulated depth within the deposit (primarily related to the sample length studied),tin order to simulate the time of day,φis the porosity of the deposit and,Di is a dissolved elementiIs used for the preparation of a polymer,τthe tortuosity of the pore is related to the porosity, and the specific calculation modes are as follows:τ2 =1-ln(φ2 ),vto achieve a convective rate of dissolved elements,Ci in the form of concentration of dissolved elements or content of solid matter, sigmaRFor all reaction rates associated with the study element。|[0110] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical content disclosed above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention. | Family Number|(106738940)|106738940|Abstract|(CN116844657B B)|The invention discloses a marine sediment authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration process evaluation method , and belongs to the field of marine sediment geochemistry and marine geology research . According to the influence of each geochemical process ( degradation of organic matters , nitrate reduction , iron reduction , manganese reduction , sulfate radical reduction , a methane production process , precipitation of authigenic carbonate , an anaerobic oxidation process of methane and the like ) in the sediment on a sediment carbonate balance system , a reaction - diffusion numerical model is utilized in combination with the pH change of pore water , so that the sediment carbonate balance system can be evaluated according to the influence of the geochemical processes ( degradation of organic matters , nitrate reduction , iron reduction , manganese reduction , sulfate radical reduction , the methane production process and the like ) . And simulating and evaluating the carbon sequestration efficiency of the authigenic carbonate in the sediment . According to the method , the sediment authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration efficiency model is constructed to accurately evaluate the influence of each geochemical process in the sediment on the authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration efficiency , and the method is of great significance to research the influence of ocean sediment carbon circulation on regional and even global carbon circulation . |Title|(CN116844657 A)|Marine sediment authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration process assessment method |(CN116844657B B)|Evaluation method for carbon sequestration process of marine sediment autogenous carbonate | | Telecommunications | G16C-020/10 | G16C-020/10 | G16C-020/10 | G16C-020/10 | CN116386743|CN116072237|WO2023118140|CN115879391|CN115678763|US20230132519|CN115436587|WO2022271992|US20220308257|EP3948875|CN107716532|CN106778056|US20170166947|US20140163883 | CN116386743 105611949 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN116072237 104837547 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|WO2023118140 105523538 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN115879391 104379179 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN115678763 103739852 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20230132519 104712928 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN115436587 102886470 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|WO2022271992 103208923 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20220308257 94968569 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|EP3948875 90842440 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN107716532 78879614 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN106778056 76293338 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20170166947 76411997 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20140163883 66204582 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 徐思南: "海洋沉积物碳循环过程数值模型的研究进展", 地球科学 (Cat. A)|吴自军;任德章;周怀阳;: "海洋沉积物甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)及其对无机硫循环的影响", 地球科学进展, no. 07 (Cat. A)|贺行良;谭丽菊;段晓勇;印萍;谢永清;杨磊;董超;王江涛;: "杭州湾沉积物中硫酸盐―甲烷转换带内的碳循环", 海洋地质与第四纪地质, no. 03 (Cat. A)|胡廷苍;张艳平;胡钰;罗敏;陈多福;: "南海神狐海域水合物发育区浅表层沉积物甲烷周转定量模拟", 海洋地质与第四纪地质, no. 03 (Cat. A)|于娟;张正雨;田继远;杨桂朋;贾鸿冰;: "海洋酸化对碳、氮和硫循环的影响", 海洋湖沼通报, no. 03 (Cat. A)|南海神狐海域水合物发育区浅表层沉积物甲烷周转定量模拟;胡廷苍;张艳平;胡钰;罗敏;陈多福;;海洋地质与第四纪地质(第03期);全文 (Cat. A)|海洋酸化对碳、氮和硫循环的影响;于娟;张正雨;田继远;杨桂朋;贾鸿冰;;海洋湖沼通报(第03期);全文 (Cat. A)|海洋沉积物碳循环过程数值模型的研究进展;徐思南;地球科学;全文 (Cat. A)|The role of anaerobic methane oxidation on the carbonate authigenesis in sediments of the subtropical Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: A reactive–transport modelling approach;Sinan Xu;Chemical Geology;全文 (Cat. A)|杭州湾沉积物中硫酸盐―甲烷转换带内的碳循环;贺行良;谭丽菊;段晓勇;印萍;谢永清;杨磊;董超;王江涛;;海洋地质与第四纪地质(第03期);全文 (Cat. A)|海洋沉积物甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)及其对无机硫循环的影响;吴自军;任德章;周怀阳;;地球科学进展(第07期);全文 (Cat. A) | CN106778056; CN115678763; US20170166947; WO2022271992; CN107716532; CN115436587; CN115879391; CN116072237; CN116386743; EP3948875; US20140163883; US20220308257; US20230132519; WO2023118140 | (CN116844657)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-SINAN XU: "The role of anaerobic methane oxidation on the carbonate authigenesis in sediments of the subtropical Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: A reactive–transport modelling approach", CHEMICAL GEOLOGY| | GRANTED | (CN116844657)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN116844657)|ALIVE | (CN116844657)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN116844657|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-08-29|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-08-29|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202311090642|Application date=2023-08-29|Standardized application number=2023CN-1090642|Event publication date=2023-10-03|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116844657|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-10-03|Standardized publication number=CN116844657|Event publication date=2023-10-03|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-10-24|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2023-11-14|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116844657|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2023-11-14|Standardized publication number=CN116844657B|Event publication date=2023-11-14|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN116844657)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoR3xtfzOhprjBj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000070248421&ekey=1957&xpn=CN116844657B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=vqpr7icYDw4rEs9Q1NwfmbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN116844657)|CN|(CN116844657)|CN | (CN116844657)|NAME=QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF MARINE GEOLOGY , COUNTRY=CN|(CN116844657)|NAME=QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF MARINE GEOLOGY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN116844657)|NAME=WANG DANDAN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335NAME=WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335|(CN116844657)|NAME=WANG DANDAN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335NAME=WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335 | (CN116844657)|NAME=XU SINAN|NAME=ZHANG XILIN|NAME=CAO HONG|NAME=SUN ZHILEI|NAME=GENG WEI|NAME=ZHOU YUCHENG|NAME=ZHANG DONG|NAME=LI SHIXING|NAME=SUN YUNBAO|NAME=LI XINHAI|(CN116844657)|NAME=XU SINAN|NAME=ZHANG XILIN|NAME=CAO HONG|NAME=SUN ZHILEI|NAME=GENG WEI|NAME=ZHOU YUCHENG|NAME=ZHANG DONG|NAME=LI SHIXING|NAME=SUN YUNBAO|NAME=LI XINHAI | Titre: (CN116844657)|Evaluation method for carbon sequestration process of marine sediment autogenous carbonate Résumé: (CN116844657)|The invention discloses a marine sediment authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration process evaluation method, and belongs to the field of marine sediment geochemistry and marine geology research. According to the influence of each geochemical process (degradation of organic matters, nitrate reduction, iron reduction, manganese reduction, sulfate radical reduction, a methane production process, precipitation of authigenic carbonate, an anaerobic oxidation process of methane and the like) in the sediment on a sediment carbonate balance system, a reaction-diffusion numerical model is utilized in combination with the pH change of pore water, so that the sediment carbonate balance system can be evaluated according to the influence of the geochemical processes (degradation of organic matters, nitrate reduction, iron reduction, manganese reduction, sulfate radical reduction, the methane production process and the like). And simulating and evaluating the carbon sequestration efficiency of the authigenic carbonate in the sediment. According to the method, the sediment authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration efficiency model is constructed to accurately evaluate the influence of each geochemical process in the sediment on the authigenic carbonate carbon sequestration efficiency, and the method is of great significance to research the influence of ocean sediment carbon circulation on regional and even global carbon circulation. | 10.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on evaluating carbon sequestration processes in marine sediments, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 14.0 | 0.0 | (CN116844657)|1 | (CN116844657)|5 | (CN116844657)|6|(CN116844657)|8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN116844657)|1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN116844657)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-11-14|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-4601|Number of Pages: NPAGES=13|Primary examiner: 楚亚楠|Primary examiner: Chu Yanan||(CN116844657)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-10-03|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-4001|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12|Primary examiner: 楚亚楠|Primary examiner: Chu Yanan| | (CN116844657)|Previous publication: CN116844657 A 2023-10-03 [CN116844657] | (CN116844657)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN116844657B)|Patent|(CN116844657)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | CN202211331040 | CN202211331040 | CN115678763|CN115678763 | 103739852 | CN115678763 B 2025-02-11 [CN115678763B]|CN115678763 A 2023-02-03 [CN115678763] | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | 2025-02-11|2023-02-03 | (CN115678763B)|2025-02-11 | (CN115678763)|2042-10-28 | (CN115678763)|Device and method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off ocean carbon | (CN115678763)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration and storage, in particular to a device and method for carbon dioxide capture and ocean carbon sequestration. The device comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism, a diatom breeding system, a power assembly and a monitoring assembly, the power assembly is connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism, the diatom breeding system and the monitoring assembly, a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism is connected with the diatom breeding system, and the monitoring assembly is connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism and the diatom breeding system. According to the method, a seawater alkalization-seaweed culture integrated process is realized, atmospheric carbon dioxide is rapidly captured by dissolving alkaline minerals in seawater, the concentrations of free silicic acid and carbonic acid in seawater are reduced by utilizing diatom breeding, carbon is stored in inorganic/organic and particle/dissolved forms, and the marine carbon storage period is prolonged. | SHANDONG UNIVERSITY|WEIHAI BLUE ECONOMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE | (CN115678763)|SHANDONG UNIVERSITY ([CN])|WEIHAI BLUE ECONOMY RES INST CO LTD|(CN115678763)|SHANDONG UNIVERSITY ([CN])|WEIHAI BLUE ECONOMY RES INST CO LTD | LIU JIHUA|ZHENG LIWEN|ZHOU WEI|GUO XUEFEI | (CN115678763)|LIU JIHUA|ZHENG LIWEN|ZHOU WEI|GUO XUEFEI|(CN115678763)|LIU JIHUA|ZHENG LIWEN|ZHOU WEI|GUO XUEFEI | (CN115678763)|LEI FEI;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 37335|WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 37335 | (CN115678763)|Based on the total alkalinity and the PH value of the alkalized seawater detection flowing out of the seawater alkalization mechanism, the PH value exceeds 9, natural seawater is injected into the diatom breeding pond 14 through a seawater inlet II15 on the diatom breeding pond 14 in order to make the PH value of the water body more suitable for breeding diatom, and the PH value of the water body in the diatom breeding pond 14 is reduced to and controlled between 8 and 9 through a PH monitor II 17.|Seaweed cultivation and sink-increasing technology is limited by the conversion efficiency of a biological carbon pump and micro-biological carbon, and sink-increasing potential is limited.| | (CN115678763)|1. A method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off ocean carbon is characterized in that,The method is realized by utilizing a device for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon, the device comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism (1), a diatom breeding system (2), a power component (3) and a monitoring component, wherein the power component (3) is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism (1), the diatom breeding system (2) and the monitoring component, a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism (1) is connected with the diatom breeding system (2), and the monitoring component is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism (1) and the diatom breeding system (2); The seawater alkalization mechanism (1) comprises a seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), wherein crushing blades (5) are arranged at the bottom of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), the crushing blades are connected with a power assembly (3), a seawater inlet I (6), an alkaline mineral inlet (7) and a pressure relief opening (8) are formed in the top of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), a pressure relief valve is arranged at the pressure relief opening (8), an air pressure monitor (9), a carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor (10), a PH monitor I (11) and a dissolved silicon monitor (12) are arranged on the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), an air inlet (13) is formed in the lower portion of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), a water outlet I is formed in the middle of the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), and the water outlet I is connected with a diatom breeding system (2) through a connecting pipeline; The diatom breeding system (2) comprises a diatom breeding pool (14), wherein a seawater inlet II (15) is formed in the diatom breeding pool (14), a nutrient salt monitor (16), a PH monitor II (17) and a temperature probe (18) are respectively arranged in the diatom breeding pool (14), and a water outlet (19) is formed in the bottom of the diatom breeding pool (14); Comprises the steps of, S1, dissolving and capturing carbon dioxide in a seawater alkalizing mechanism: Injecting seawater into a seawater alkalization reaction kettle of a seawater alkalization mechanism through a seawater inlet I, putting alkaline mineral particles into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle through an alkaline mineral inlet, directly falling the alkaline mineral particles to the bottom of the reaction kettle body, and injecting natural seawater accounting for 60-80% of the whole reaction kettle volume and alkaline mineral particles accounting for 0.1% of the seawater mass into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, wherein the particle size of the alkaline mineral particles is not more than 2mm; Introducing environmental atmosphere or smoke from the lower part of a seawater alkalization reaction kettle through an air inlet at the lower part of the reaction kettle water body, starting a crushing blade at the bottom of the reaction kettle, and crushing alkaline mineral particles at the bottom of the reaction kettle in the rotation process of the crushing blade, so that the dissolution of alkaline minerals in seawater is accelerated, the alkalinity of the seawater water body is improved after the alkaline minerals are dissolved in the seawater, and more CO 2 is promoted to be dissolved and fixed in the seawater in a bicarbonate form; when the carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor monitors that the carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the seawater in the reaction kettle is lower than 300 mu atm, or the PH monitor I monitors that the PH value of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 9, or the dissolved silicon monitor monitors that the concentration of the dissolved silicon of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 40 mu mol/L, when one of the conditions is met, the crushing blades stop crushing and stirring, and stand for 0.5-1 hour, so that alkaline minerals in the seawater are precipitated, and the seawater treated by the seawater alkalization reaction kettle flows into a diatom breeding system; s2, breeding diatoms and culturing water bodies in a diatom breeding system: Natural seawater is injected into the diatom breeding pond through a seawater inlet II on the diatom breeding pond, the PH value of the water body in the diatom breeding pond is reduced to and controlled between 8 and 9 through a PH monitor II, the temperature of the water body in the diatom breeding pond is controlled to be above 9 ℃ through a temperature probe, the seaweed weskii is bred in the water body, and meanwhile, the water body is cultivated; When the nutrient salt monitor monitors that the inorganic nitrogen concentration of water in the diatom culture pond is lower than 1.0 mu mol/L, the phosphate concentration is lower than 0.1 mu mol/L or the dissolved silicon concentration is lower than 2.0 mu mol/L, collecting the diatoms bred in the diatom breeding system when one of the three conditions is met, and releasing the water cultured by the diatom breeding system into the environment sea; The algae scraps and dissolved organic carbon are carried by the water body after the reaction cultivation of the diatom breeding system and directly gathered into the environment sea area, wherein the algae scraps gathered into the surrounding sea area are partially settled and buried in the sea bed, and the dissolved organic carbon is converted into inert dissolved organic carbon through marine microorganisms, so that long-period carbon storage is completed; S3, the seawater alkalization mechanism continuously supplements seawater into the diatom breeding system, and continuous carbon dioxide trapping and ocean carbon sealing of the seawater are achieved. | | (CN115678763)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration and storage, in particular to a device and a method for capturing carbon dioxide and storing ocean carbon.| | (CN115678763)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION REACTION KETTLE(100,53)|CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE(100,10)|OCEAN CARBON(100,6)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION(85,33)|DIATOM BREEDING POOL(62,12)|DIATOM BREEDING(57,25)|REACTION KETTLE(41,53)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION SEAWEED CULTIVATION(37,1)|CRUSHING BLADE(35,27)|ALKALINE MINERAL PARTICLE(33,15)|DIATOM CULTURE POND(33,2)|SEAWATER INLET(32,16)|ALGAE SCRAP(31,4)|SEAWATER(29,50)|ALKALIZED SEAWATER DETECTION(29,1)|BREEDING DIATOM(28,5)|ALKALINE MINERAL(27,20)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION WATER OUTLET(26,4)|SEAWATER ALKALIZING(26,3)|SEAWEED WESKII(26,2)|CRUSHING ALKALINE MINERAL PARTICLE(25,2)|DIATOM BREEDING SYSTEM(24,42)|ALKALINE MINERAL PARTICLE ACCOUNTING(23,3)|NATURAL SEAWATER ACCOUNTING(22,3)|MONITORING PH(21,9)|CRUSHING BLADE STOP(21,4)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(21,4)|ALKALINE MINERAL REMISSION(21,1)|ALKALINE MINERAL INLET(20,8)|DIATOM BREEDING POOL BOTTOM(20,2)|SEAWATER INJECTION(20,2)|MONITORING COMPONENT(19,4)|SEAWEED CULTIVATION(19,3)|SILICON DISSOLUTION(18,16)|NATURAL SEAWATER(18,7)|POND(17,20)|SEAWATER DISSOLVED SILICON(17,4)|NUTRIENT SALT(16,3)|MICROBIOLOGICAL CARBON(16,1)|REACTION CULTIVATION(15,2)|WATER OUTLET(14,16)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(13,4)|ENVIRONMENT SEA(13,3)|DISSOLVED SILICON MONITOR(12,3)|TOTAL ALKALINITY(12,1)|AIR INLET(11,16)|CARBON DIOXIDE TRAPPING(11,2)|MARINE MICROORGANISM(11,2)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION REATION KETTLE(11,2)|WATER INORGANIC NITROGEN(11,2)|MARINE CARBON(10,8)|TEMPERATURE PROBE(10,6)|CRUSHING(10,5)|REACTION KETTLE VALVE(10,2)|SEAWATER WATER BODY ALKALINITY(10,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(9,6)|CARBON PUMP CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(9,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(8,39)|MU MOL L(8,12)|DIATOM(8,6)|NUTRIENT(8,5)|SEABED(8,5)|BICARBONATE(8,3)|CARBON PUMP(8,3)|CARBON STORAGE(7,8)|PIPELINE(7,3)|ENVIRONMENT SEA AREA(7,1)|GRANULAR DISSOLVED CARBON STORAGE(7,1)|INORGANIC ORGANIC CARBON(7,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE PERIOD(7,1)|SINK INCREASING POTENTIAL(7,1)|POWER COMPONENT(6,7)|REACTION KETTLE WATER BODY(6,7)|SMOKE(6,5)|SEA ALGAE CULTIVATION(6,2)|CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(6,1)|DIATOM CULTIVATING POND(6,1)|EUTROPHICATION SEAWATER PURIFICATION(6,1)|PH VALUE(6,1)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION ALGAE CULTIVATION(6,1)|WATER BODY(5,26)|DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(5,8)|PRESSURE RELIEF OPENING(5,5)|CULTURING WATER BODY(5,2)|INERT DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON(5,2)|SEAWATER ALKALINITY(5,2)|SEAWATER WATER BODY(5,2)|SINK INCREASING(5,2)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION THEORY(5,1)|SEAWATER EUTROPHICATION PHENOMENON(5,1)|AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE(4,5)|CARBONIC ACID(4,3)|HCO(4,3)|MICROBIAL CARBON PUMP(4,3)|PARTIAL PRESSURE MONITOR(4,3)|SILICIC ACID(4,3)|ALKALINE MINERAL ACCELERATED DISSOLUTION(4,1)|ALKALIZED SEAWATER DISSOLVED SILICON(4,1)|ARTIFICIALLY CULTIVATE MICRO(4,1)|SEAWEED PHOTOSYNTHESIS(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE PARTIAL PRESSURE(3,9)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION(3,5)|FLUE GAS(3,5)|AIR PRESSURE MONITOR(3,4)|CARBONATE PUMP(3,3)|TIDAL ENERGY(3,3)|AMBIENT AIR(3,2)|ARTIFICIAL REGULATION(3,2)|GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION(3,2)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,2)|ACCELERATING OCEAN CARBON(3,1)|ARTIFICIAL ACCELERATING SOLUBILITY PUMP(3,1)|DIATOM MODEL ALGAE(3,1)|GLOBAL CLIMATE WARMING(3,1)|MACRO SEAWEED(3,1)|MICROORGANISM POPULATION(3,1)|PHOSPHORUS NUTRIENT SALT(3,1)|REALIZING SEAWATER(3,1)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION TREATMENT(3,1)|POWER ASSEMBLY(2,13)|PARTIAL PRESSURE(2,10)|PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE(2,6)|RENEWABLE CLEAN ENERGY SOURCE(2,5)|SEA AREA(2,4)|ELECTRIC ENERGY(2,3)|PARTICLE SIZE(2,3)|SOLAR ENERGY(2,3)|WIND ENERGY(2,3)|ALKALINE MINERAL STONE(2,1)|ARTIFICIAL EMISSION(2,1)|ARTIFICIAL INTERFERENCE MEASURE(2,1)|BIOCHAR PUMP(2,1)|BOTTLE NECK(2,1)|CARBONATE ALKALI MINERAL(2,1)|CLIMATE FREQUENCY(2,1)|COLLECTED DIATOM(2,1)|CRUSHING BLADE CENTER(2,1)|CRUSHING BLADE ROTATION(2,1)|DIATOM BREEDING BOTTOM(2,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(2,1)|DISSOLUTION ACCELERATION(2,1)|DISSOLUTION ACCELERATOR(2,1)|DISSOLVED SEAWATER(2,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL ATMOSPHERE INTRODUCTION(2,1)|GRAVITY MIGRATION(2,1)|OCEAN EUOPTICAL LAYER(2,1)|PULVERIZING BLADE(2,1)|REATION KETTLE WATER(2,1)|SEAFOOD CHAIN(2,1)|SEAWATER MASS(2,1)|SEAWATER TREATMENT(2,1)|SILICATE CARBONATE SECONDARY MINERAL(2,1)|SILICATE SECONDARY ORE FORMATION(2,1)|HEATING EQUIPMENT(1,2)|ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT(1,1)|ALKALINE ENVIRONMENT(1,1)|ARTIFICIAL MEASURE(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(1,1)|BICARBONATE CONTENT(1,1)|CALCIUM CARBONATE PROTECTIVE SHELL(1,1)|CARBONATE COUNTER PUMP(1,1)|DIATOM BREEDING(1,1)|FIXING CARBONATE(1,1)||(CN115678763)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,50)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,17)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,14)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(100,12)|OCEAN CARBON(100,7)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION REACTION KETTLE(99,43)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION(89,40)|DIATOM BREEDING POOL(67,23)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION REATION KETTLE(65,10)|CRUSHING BLADE(48,26)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION SEAWEED CULTIVATION(45,1)|SEAWATER BASICITY(42,2)|ALKALINE MINERAL GRANULE(33,3)|MONITORING SUBASSEMBLY(32,3)|FREQUENT EXTREME CLIMATE(32,1)|SEAWATER(31,53)|ANOXIC ACIDIFICATION(31,1)|BICARBONATE RADICAL(29,2)|SEAWATER INLET(28,16)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION WATER OUTLET(26,2)|REATION KETTLE(25,11)|THALASSIOSIRA WEINMI(25,1)|DIATOM BREEDING SYSTEM(24,40)|ALGAE CULTIVATION(24,2)|ARTIFICIAL EMISSION(23,1)|MONITORING COMPONENT(22,4)|DIATOM BREEDING POOL BOTTOM(21,3)|ALKALINE MINERAL INLET(20,8)|NUTRIENT SALT(20,3)|REATION KETTLE BOTTOM(20,3)|MICROBIOLOGICAL CARBON(20,1)|MONITORING PH(19,13)|ALKALINE MINERAL PARTICLE ACCOUNTING(18,3)|COLLECTING DIATOM(18,1)|VISIBLE FUTURE(18,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER ACCOUNTING(17,3)|BREEDING DIATOM(17,2)|WATER OUTLET(16,13)|BOTTLE NECK(15,2)|SEAWATER INJECTION(15,2)|HUMAN SOCIETY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(15,1)|AIR INLET(14,16)|DISSOLVED SILICON MONITOR(14,3)|REATION KETTLE WATER BODY(14,2)|SILICON DISSOLUTION(13,15)|CRUSHING BLADE STOP(13,3)|INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY ENERGY(13,1)|AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE(12,6)|POWER COMPONENT(12,4)|REACTION KETTLE VALVE(12,2)|WATER BODY ANOXIC ACIDIFICATION(12,1)|POND(11,7)|SEAWATER MASS(11,3)|CARBON PUMP CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(11,1)|GLOBAL WARMING(11,1)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(11,1)|TEMPERATURE PROBE(10,6)|CARBON PUMP(10,3)|PIPELINE(10,2)|FOSSIL FUEL(10,1)|PRESSURE RELIEF PORT(9,6)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(9,4)|DELIVERY PORT(9,3)|CARBON(9,1)|INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY(9,1)|SINK INCREASING POTENTIAL(9,1)|DISSOLUTION SINK INCREASING(8,2)|HUMAN SOCIETY(8,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE PERIOD(8,1)|FLUE GAS(7,10)|CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(7,1)|SEA LOTUS STRIPE ALGAE(7,1)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION CONVERGENCE(7,1)|REACTION KETTLE WATER BODY(6,5)|SINK INCREASING(6,4)|ALKALIFIED SEAWATER(6,2)|SEAWATER ALKALINITY(6,2)|SEAWEED CULTIVATION(6,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAUSE(6,1)|ELECTRICAL ENERGY(6,1)|HCO(6,1)|NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT(6,1)|PARTICLE DISSOLVED(6,1)|RICH SILICON ALKALIZATION SEAWATER(6,1)|SEAWATER ALKALIZATION THEORY(6,1)|SEAWATER EUTROPHICATION PHENOMENON(6,1)|SEAWEED CULTURE CONVERGENCE(6,1)|CARBONIC ACID(5,2)|PARTIAL PRESSURE MONITOR(5,2)|SILICIC ACID(5,2)|STANDING(5,2)|WATER BODY(4,31)|AIR PRESSURE MONITOR(4,2)|ALGAE DEBRIS(4,2)|ARTIFICIAL REGULATION(4,2)|ALKALINE MINERAL ACCELERATED DISSOLUTION(4,1)|ALKALIZATION SEAWATER MECHANISM OUTFLOW(4,1)|ALKALIZED SEAWATER(4,1)|EUTROPHICATED SEAWATER(4,1)|HAINANENSIS WEI(4,1)|SEA LEVEL(4,1)|THALASSIOSIRA WELSHII(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE PARTIAL PRESSURE(3,11)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION(3,4)|SEABED(3,4)|CARBONATE PUMP(3,3)|RENEWABLE CLEAN ENERGY SOURCE(3,3)|SOLUBILITY PUMP(3,3)|MICROBIAL CARBON PUMP(3,2)|NUTRITIVE SALT(3,2)|ARTIFICIAL INTERVENTION MEASURE(3,1)|BERBERIS ALGAE(3,1)|CARBONATE ALKALINE MINERAL(3,1)|COLLECTED DIATOM(3,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(3,1)|DIATOM MODE ALGAE(3,1)|DISSOLUTION ACCELERATION(3,1)|DISSOLUTION ACCELERATOR(3,1)|GLOBAL CLIMATE WARMING(3,1)|INJECTING NATURAL SEAWATER(3,1)|MACRO ALGAE(3,1)|MICROBIAL POPULATION(3,1)|PHOSPHORUS NUTRIENT SALT(3,1)|POWER MODULE(3,1)|SEAWATER DISSOLVED SILICON(3,1)|SILICATE SECONDARY ORE FORMATION(3,1)|PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE(2,4)|PARTICLE SIZE(2,3)|HEATING EQUIPMENT(2,2)|PH DETECTOR(2,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,2)|ALGAE CARBON FIXATION(2,1)|ALKALINE ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|ALKALINE MINERAL SINK INCREASING(2,1)|ALKALINE MINERAL STONE POWDER(2,1)|ARTIFICIAL MEASURE(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION(2,1)|BICARBONATE CONTENT(2,1)|BIOCHAR PUMP(2,1)|CALCIUM CARBONATE PROTECTIVE SHELL(2,1)|CARBONATE COUNTER PUMP(2,1)|CRUSHING BLADE CENTER(2,1)|CRUSHING BLADE ROTATION(2,1)|GENERALIZATION(2,1)|KEY BIOGENIC FACTOR(2,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|REATION KETTLE WATER(2,1)|SEALING OCEAN CARBON(2,1)|SILICATE CARBONATE SECONDARY MINERAL(2,1)| | (CN115678763)|1. A method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off ocean carbon is characterized in that,|The method is realized by utilizing a device for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon, the device comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism (1), a diatom breeding system (2), a power component (3) and a monitoring component, wherein the power component (3) is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism (1), the diatom breeding system (2) and the monitoring component, a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism (1) is connected with the diatom breeding system (2), and the monitoring component is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism (1) and the diatom breeding system (2);| The seawater alkalization mechanism (1) comprises a seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), wherein crushing blades (5) are arranged at the bottom of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), the crushing blades are connected with a power assembly (3), a seawater inlet I (6), an alkaline mineral inlet (7) and a pressure relief opening (8) are formed in the top of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), a pressure relief valve is arranged at the pressure relief opening (8), an air pressure monitor (9), a carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor (10), a PH monitor I (11) and a dissolved silicon monitor (12) are arranged on the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), an air inlet (13) is formed in the lower portion of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), a water outlet I is formed in the middle of the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle (4), and the water outlet I is connected with a diatom breeding system (2) through a connecting pipeline; | The diatom breeding system (2) comprises a diatom breeding pool (14), wherein a seawater inlet II (15) is formed in the diatom breeding pool (14), a nutrient salt monitor (16), a PH monitor II (17) and a temperature probe (18) are respectively arranged in the diatom breeding pool (14), and a water outlet (19) is formed in the bottom of the diatom breeding pool (14); | Comprises the steps of, |S1, dissolving and capturing carbon dioxide in a seawater alkalizing mechanism:| Injecting seawater into a seawater alkalization reaction kettle of a seawater alkalization mechanism through a seawater inlet I, putting alkaline mineral particles into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle through an alkaline mineral inlet, directly falling the alkaline mineral particles to the bottom of the reaction kettle body, and injecting natural seawater accounting for 60-80% of the whole reaction kettle volume and alkaline mineral particles accounting for 0.1% of the seawater mass into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, wherein the particle size of the alkaline mineral particles is not more than 2mm; | Introducing environmental atmosphere or smoke from the lower part of a seawater alkalization reaction kettle through an air inlet at the lower part of the reaction kettle water body, starting a crushing blade at the bottom of the reaction kettle, and crushing alkaline mineral particles at the bottom of the reaction kettle in the rotation process of the crushing blade, so that the dissolution of alkaline minerals in seawater is accelerated, the alkalinity of the seawater water body is improved after the alkaline minerals are dissolved in the seawater, and more CO 2 is promoted to be dissolved and fixed in the seawater in a bicarbonate form; | when the carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor monitors that the carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the seawater in the reaction kettle is lower than 300 mu atm, or the PH monitor I monitors that the PH value of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 9, or the dissolved silicon monitor monitors that the concentration of the dissolved silicon of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 40 mu mol/L, when one of the conditions is met, the crushing blades stop crushing and stirring, and stand for 0.5-1 hour, so that alkaline minerals in the seawater are precipitated, and the seawater treated by the seawater alkalization reaction kettle flows into a diatom breeding system; | s2, breeding diatoms and culturing water bodies in a diatom breeding system: | Natural seawater is injected into the diatom breeding pond through a seawater inlet II on the diatom breeding pond, the PH value of the water body in the diatom breeding pond is reduced to and controlled between 8 and 9 through a PH monitor II, the temperature of the water body in the diatom breeding pond is controlled to be above 9 ℃ through a temperature probe, the seaweed weskii is bred in the water body, and meanwhile, the water body is cultivated; | When the nutrient salt monitor monitors that the inorganic nitrogen concentration of water in the diatom culture pond is lower than 1.0 mu mol/L, the phosphate concentration is lower than 0.1 mu mol/L or the dissolved silicon concentration is lower than 2.0 mu mol/L, collecting the diatoms bred in the diatom breeding system when one of the three conditions is met, and releasing the water cultured by the diatom breeding system into the environment sea; | The algae scraps and dissolved organic carbon are carried by the water body after the reaction cultivation of the diatom breeding system and directly gathered into the environment sea area, wherein the algae scraps gathered into the surrounding sea area are partially settled and buried in the sea bed, and the dissolved organic carbon is converted into inert dissolved organic carbon through marine microorganisms, so that long-period carbon storage is completed; | S3, the seawater alkalization mechanism continuously supplements seawater into the diatom breeding system, and continuous carbon dioxide trapping and ocean carbon sealing of the seawater are achieved. |2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the power assembly (3) uses one or several renewable clean energy sources of wind energy, tidal energy, solar energy and converts the above energy sources into electric energy.|3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolution and remission mechanism of the alkaline minerals is as follows:|CO2 + H2O + 0.25 Mg2SiO4 → HCO3- + 0.25 H4SiO4 +0.5 Mg2+.|4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, ambient air or flue gas is introduced from below the water body of the reaction kettle through the air inlet at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle until the pressure in the reaction kettle rises to 18-25bar, the air inlet is automatically closed, all valves of the reaction kettle are closed, the whole reaction kettle is in a closed state, and after 4-6 hours, crushing blades at the bottom of the reaction kettle are started; | after the crushing blades stop crushing and stirring, the pressure in the reaction kettle is relieved to a normal pressure state through a pressure relief valve at a pressure relief opening at the top of the reaction kettle. |5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, ambient air or flue gas is introduced from below the water body of the reaction kettle through the air inlet at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, and the pressure release valve is opened at the same time, so that the inside of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is always kept in a normal pressure state, at the same time, other valves on the reaction kettle are closed, and the crushing blades at the bottom of the reaction kettle are started. | (CN115678763)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration and storage, in particular to a device and a method for capturing carbon dioxide and storing ocean carbon.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The continuous increase of the artificial emission of carbon dioxide causes global warming, causes a series of negative environmental effects such as extreme climate frequency, sea level rise, anoxic acidification of water body and the like, threatens the sustainable development of human society, but in the visible future, fossil fuel is still the main energy source of industrial society, develops carbon dioxide capturing and sealing technology, and breaks through the industrial application bottleneck problem. Ocean is the largest active carbon reservoir on the earth surface, plays a role in regulating climate change in the earth history, and has huge sink-increasing potential. The ocean carbon sequestration and storage technology for increasing the ocean carbon sink through artificial measures can realize artificial regulation and control of global carbon circulation, and radically solve the global climate warming problem. Meanwhile, based on the principle of cyclic coupling of source elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon of a marine system, the artificial regulation and control of key source elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus can be realized through the regulation and control of global carbon circulation.|[0003] Carbon sink mechanisms of marine systems include solubility pumps, biochar pumps, carbonate pumps, and microbial carbon pumps. The solubility pump means that when the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide is higher than that of ocean, more carbon dioxide is dissolved in seawater until the pressure of the sea-air interface reaches balance, and the solubility pump is a passive physical and chemical process. The biological carbon pump is started on the ocean euoptical layer, the phytoplankton converts dissolved inorganic carbon into organic carbon through photosynthesis, and the organic carbon is transferred and converted into chips such as biological remains or feces through a food net, and the chips enter deep sea or are buried in the seabed through gravity migration to realize long-period carbon storage. The carbonate pump refers to the process that calcified organisms such as Coccolithology or shellfish generate a protective shell of calcium carbonate by fixing carbonate in seawater, and finally, calcium carbonate particles are settled and buried on the seabed. During the formation of calcium carbonate, 1 mole of carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere per 1 mole of calcium carbonate formed, so the carbonate pump is also known as a carbonate counter pump. The microbial carbon pump is a process of converting dissolved organic carbon from activity to inertia through metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the inertia dissolved organic carbon is not easy to degrade, so that the microbial carbon pump can be stored in the ocean for thousands of years. The ocean carbon sequestration and storage technology is a technical system for accelerating the ocean carbon pump through artificial interference measures, and various technical approaches exist, wherein the theory of sea water alkalization and sea algae cultivation and exchange increase is relatively perfect, and the technology is mature. The sea water alkalizing and collecting technology is to accelerate the dissolution of silicate or carbonate alkali mineral to raise sea water alkalinity and promote the dissolution of carbon dioxide in sea water, i.e. the artificial accelerating solubility pump, to complete the capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The seaweed cultivation and sink-increasing technology is to artificially cultivate micro or macro seaweed, convert inorganic carbon dissolved in seawater into organic carbon by utilizing the photosynthesis of seaweed, release particles into water and dissolve the organic carbon, and realize long-period carbon storage through secondary conversion of a biological carbon pump and a microbial carbon pump respectively.|[0004] However, the industrialized application of sea water alkalization and enrichment and seaweed cultivation and enrichment technology still has partial bottleneck problems to be solved. The sea water alkalizing and gathering increasing technology can promote the formation of silicate/carbonate secondary minerals due to the artificial increase of free silicic acid and carbonic acid in sea water, so that part of carbon dioxide in a dissolved sea water system is returned to the atmosphere again, and the carbon storage period of the technology is unknown. Seaweed cultivation and sink-increasing technology is limited by the conversion efficiency of a biological carbon pump and micro-biological carbon, and sink-increasing potential is limited.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a device and a method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing marine carbon, which are used for realizing a seawater alkalization-seaweed cultivation integrated process, wherein alkaline minerals are dissolved in seawater to quickly capture atmospheric carbon dioxide, the concentration of free silicic acid and carbonic acid in seawater is reduced by utilizing diatom breeding, and the carbon storage period of the marine carbon is prolonged by inorganic/organic, particle/dissolution and multiple forms.|[0006] The technical scheme of the device for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism, a diatom breeding system, a power assembly and a monitoring assembly, wherein the power assembly is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism, the diatom breeding system and the monitoring assembly, a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism is connected with the diatom breeding system, and the monitoring assembly is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism and the diatom breeding system;|[0007] The seawater alkalization mechanism comprises a seawater alkalization reaction kettle, wherein the bottom of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with crushing blades, the crushing blades are connected with a power assembly, the top of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with a seawater inlet I, an alkaline mineral inlet and a pressure relief opening, the pressure relief opening is provided with a pressure relief valve, the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with an air pressure monitor, a carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor, a PH monitor I and a dissolved silicon monitor, the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with an air inlet, the middle part of the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with a water outlet I, and the water outlet I is connected with a diatom breeding system through a connecting pipeline; |[0008] The diatom breeding system comprises a diatom breeding pool, wherein a seawater inlet II is formed in the diatom breeding pool, a nutrient salt monitor, a PH monitor II and a temperature probe are respectively arranged in the diatom breeding pool, and a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the diatom breeding pool. |[0009] In the invention, the power component uses one or more renewable clean energy sources of wind energy, tidal energy and solar energy and converts the renewable clean energy sources into electric energy.|[0010] The invention also comprises a method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon by using the device, which comprises the following steps,|[0011] S1, dissolving and capturing carbon dioxide in a seawater alkalizing mechanism:|[0012] Injecting seawater into a seawater alkalization reaction kettle of a seawater alkalization mechanism through a seawater inlet I, putting alkaline mineral particles into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle through an alkaline mineral inlet, directly falling the alkaline mineral particles to the bottom of the reaction kettle body, and injecting natural seawater accounting for 60-80% of the whole reaction kettle volume and alkaline mineral particles accounting for 0.1% of the seawater mass into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, wherein the particle size of the alkaline mineral particles is not more than 2mm; |[0013] Introducing environmental atmosphere or smoke from the lower part of a seawater alkalization reaction kettle through an air inlet at the lower part of the reaction kettle water body, starting a crushing blade at the bottom of the reaction kettle, and crushing alkaline mineral particles at the bottom of the reaction kettle in the rotation process of the crushing blade, so that the dissolution of alkaline minerals in seawater is accelerated, the alkalinity of the seawater water body is improved after the alkaline minerals are dissolved in the seawater, and more CO 2 is promoted to be dissolved and fixed in the seawater in a bicarbonate form; |[0014] When the carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor monitors that the carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the seawater in the reaction kettle is lower than 300 mu atm, or the PH monitor I monitors that the PH value of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 9, or the dissolved silicon monitor monitors that the concentration of the dissolved silicon of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 40 mu mol/L, when one of the conditions is met, the crushing blades stop crushing and stirring, and stand for 0.5-1.0 hour, so that alkaline minerals in the seawater are precipitated, and the seawater treated by the seawater alkalization reaction kettle flows into a diatom breeding system; |[0015] s2, breeding diatoms and culturing water bodies in a diatom breeding system: |[0016] Natural seawater is injected into the diatom breeding pond through a seawater inlet II on the diatom breeding pond, the PH value of the water body in the diatom breeding pond is reduced to and controlled between 8 and 9 through a PH monitor II, the temperature of the water body in the diatom breeding pond is controlled to be above 9 ℃ through a temperature probe, the seaweed weskii is bred in the water body, and meanwhile, the water body is cultivated; |[0017] when the nutrient salt monitor monitors that the inorganic nitrogen concentration of water in the diatom culture pond is lower than 1.0 mu mol/L, the phosphate concentration is lower than 0.1 mu mol/L or the dissolved silicon concentration is lower than 2.0 mu mol/L, when one of the three conditions is met, collecting the diatoms bred in the diatom breeding system, and the water cultured by the diatom breeding system can be released into the environment sea; |[0018] S3, the seawater alkalization mechanism continuously supplements seawater into the diatom breeding system, and continuous carbon dioxide trapping and ocean carbon sealing of the seawater are achieved. |[0019] In the invention, the dissolution and exchange increasing mechanism of the alkaline mineral is as follows:|[0020] CO2+H2O+0.25Mg2SiO4→HCO3-+0.25H4SiO4+0.5Mg2+.|[0021] In the step S2, the reactor may be pressurized to achieve pulverization and stirring by the pulverizing blade. At this time, through the air inlet at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, ambient atmosphere or smoke is introduced from the lower part of the water body of the reaction kettle until the pressure in the reaction kettle rises to 18-25bar, the air inlet is automatically closed, all valves of the reaction kettle are closed, the whole reaction kettle is in a closed state, and after timing for 4-6 hours, crushing blades at the bottom of the reaction kettle are started; |[0022] after the crushing blades stop crushing and stirring, the pressure in the reaction kettle is relieved to a normal pressure state through a pressure relief valve at a pressure relief opening at the top of the reaction kettle. |[0023] The reaction kettle can be in a normal pressure state to realize the crushing and stirring of the crushing blades. At this time, through the air inlet of sea water alkalization reation kettle lower part, let in ambient atmosphere or flue gas from the below of reation kettle water, open the relief valve simultaneously, make sea water alkalization reation kettle remain the normal pressure state throughout, close other valves on the reation kettle this moment, start the crushing blade of reation kettle bottom.|[0024] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0025] (1) The device utilizes high pressure conditions to promote the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in seawater, so that the seawater is in an acidic state, and the dissolution of alkaline minerals is promoted, and meanwhile, the dissolution of the alkaline minerals is further accelerated by the mechanical stirring action of the crushing blades at the bottom of the reaction kettle; |[0026] (2) The alkalized seawater has high bicarbonate content and high concentration of dissolved silicon, and is beneficial to promoting the growth of diatom; |[0027] (3) Compared with the method for directly throwing the alkaline mineral stone powder to the sea algae cultivation sea area to realize the sea water alkalization-algae cultivation combined exchange increasing process, the device system is easy to manually regulate and control, and the trapping and fixation of the device system to the atmospheric carbon dioxide can be monitored; |[0028] (4) The solution quickly enters an acidic environment through the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the seawater alkalization mechanism, the alkaline mineral dissolution process is accelerated by stirring, and the solution quickly enters an alkaline environment, so that natural seawater is converted in an acid-base environment in a short period, the activity of the original microorganism population in the natural seawater is reduced, and the pollution of the natural seawater to diatom breeding is avoided; |[0029] (5) The natural seawater is used for breeding diatom, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts are not required to be artificially added in the breeding process, the water body is discharged, the seawater eutrophication phenomenon is not caused, and the device can be used for purifying the eutrophication seawater; |[0030] (6) The diatom breeds absorb and assimilate the dissolved silicon of the alkalized seawater, so that the formation of silicate secondary ores is avoided, meanwhile, the dissolved inorganic carbon is converted into organic carbon, and the dissolved carbon dioxide is effectively prevented from returning to the atmosphere; |[0031] (7) The accelerated dissolution of the alkaline minerals can be realized in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, and the carbon fixation efficiency can be directly monitored, so that the parameter details of the reaction kettle can be adjusted at any time according to the specific environment of implementation in the actual working process; |[0032] (8) The power mechanism of the device adopts renewable clean energy, and carbon emission is not additionally generated. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0033] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure for a carbon dioxide capture and marine carbon sequestration device.|[0034] In the figure, a seawater alkalization mechanism, a2 diatom breeding system, a 3 power component, a 4 seawater alkalization reaction kettle, 5 crushing blades, 6 seawater inlets I, 7 alkaline mineral inlets, 8 pressure relief openings, 9 air pressure monitors, 10 carbon dioxide partial pressure monitors, 11PH monitors I, 12 dissolved silicon monitors, 13 air inlets, 14 diatom breeding ponds, 15 seawater inlets II, 16 nutrient salt monitors, 17PH monitors II, 18 temperature probes and 19 water outlets II are shown.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0035] In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.|[0036] In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than those herein described, and those skilled in the art may readily devise numerous other arrangements that do not depart from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.|[0037] Example 1|[0038] The device comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism 1 for capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide, a diatom breeding system 2 for sealing the marine carbon, a power assembly 3 for providing clean renewable energy and a monitoring assembly for realizing intelligent control, wherein the power assembly 3 is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism 1, the diatom breeding system 2 and the monitoring assembly, and a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism 1 is connected with a water inlet of the diatom breeding system 2. The monitoring component is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism 1 and the diatom breeding system 2.|[0039] The seawater alkalization mechanism 1 comprises a seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, a crushing blade 5 for crushing alkaline minerals is arranged at the bottom of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, a rotating shaft at the center of the crushing blade is connected with a power assembly 3, and the crushing blade 5 is rotated by power provided by the power assembly 3, so that the alkaline minerals in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 are crushed. The top of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is provided with a seawater inlet I6, an alkaline mineral inlet 7 and a pressure relief opening 8, seawater is injected into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 through the seawater inlet I6, alkaline mineral particles enter the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 through the alkaline mineral inlet 7, a pressure relief valve is arranged at the pressure relief opening 8, and the pressure relief valve is used for relieving the pressure of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4. The side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is also provided with an air pressure monitor 9, a carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor 10, a PH monitor I11 and a dissolved silicon monitor 12, the pressure in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is monitored in real time through the air pressure monitor 9, the carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the seawater in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle can be obtained in real time through the carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor 10, the PH value of the seawater in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is monitored in real time through the PH monitor I11, and the dissolved silicon concentration of the seawater in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is monitored in real time through the dissolved silicon monitor 12. An air inlet 13 is arranged at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, and air or flue gas containing carbon dioxide enters the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 through the air inlet 13, and the ambient atmosphere or the flue gas is used as a carbon dioxide capturing source. In the application, the kettle body of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 can bear the pressure below 50 bar. The middle part of the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is provided with a water outlet I, and the water outlet I is connected with the diatom breeding system 2 through a connecting pipeline.|[0040] The diatom breeding system 2 comprises a diatom breeding pool 14, and the treated seawater flowing out of the water outlet of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 directly flows into the diatom breeding pool 14. The diatom breeding pool 14 is provided with a seawater inlet II15, and in the diatom breeding process, the seawater which needs to be additionally supplemented flows into the diatom breeding pool 14 through the seawater inlet II 15. The diatom breeding pond 14 is respectively provided with a nutrient salt monitor 16, a PH monitor II17 and a temperature probe 18, the inorganic nitrogen concentration, the phosphate concentration and the dissolved silicon concentration of the cultivated water body in the diatom breeding pond 14 are monitored in real time through the nutrient salt monitor 16, the PH value of the cultivated water body is monitored in real time through the PH monitor II17, so that the PH value of the cultivated water body is kept between 8 and 9, the temperature of the cultivated water body is monitored in real time through the temperature probe 18, and the temperature of the cultivated water body is controlled to be more than 9 ℃. The bottom of the diatom breeding pond 14 is provided with a water outlet 19, and water in the diatom breeding pond 14 can be directly discharged into seawater through the water outlet 19.|[0041] The power component 3 in the application can use one or more renewable clean energy sources of wind energy, tidal energy and solar energy and convert the renewable clean energy sources into electric energy. The power component 3 is connected with the crushing blade 5 in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle to provide power for the rotation of the crushing blade. The inside of the diatom breeding pond 14 is provided with heating equipment, when the temperature in the diatom breeding pond 14 is reduced to below 9 ℃, the power assembly 3 provides power for the heating equipment, and the heating equipment heats the cultivation water body in the diatom breeding pond, so that the temperature of the cultivation water body is kept above 9 ℃. Meanwhile, the power assembly also provides power for each monitoring assembly so as to ensure the normal operation of the monitoring assembly. During idle periods, the power obtained by the power component can also be imported into the power grid for other uses.|[0042] Example 2|[0043] The application also comprises a method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon by using the device, and the method comprises the following steps.|[0044] In the first step, the dissolution of carbon dioxide is realized in a seawater alkalizing mechanism.|[0045] The seawater is injected into a seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 of a seawater alkalization mechanism through a seawater inlet I6, alkaline mineral particles are put into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 through an alkaline mineral inlet 7, and the alkaline mineral particles directly fall to the bottom of the reaction kettle body under the action of gravity. In the application, natural seawater accounting for 60-80% of the whole reaction kettle volume and alkaline mineral particles accounting for 0.1% of the seawater mass are injected into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, and the particle size of the alkaline mineral particles is not more than 2mm.|[0046] And (3) introducing ambient atmosphere or smoke from the lower part of the water body of the reaction kettle through an air inlet 13 at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 until the pressure in the reaction kettle rises to 18-25bar, and automatically closing the air inlet 13. At this time, all valves on the reaction kettle are closed, so that the whole reaction kettle is in a closed state. The whole reaction kettle is sealed for 4-6 hours, carbon dioxide is fully dissolved in seawater in the process, the crushing blades 5 at the bottom of the reaction kettle are started, and alkaline mineral particles at the bottom of the reaction kettle are crushed in the rotation process of the crushing blades, so that the dissolution of alkaline minerals in the seawater is accelerated. After the alkaline minerals are dissolved in the seawater, the alkalinity of the seawater body is improved, and more CO 2 can be promoted to be dissolved and fixed in the seawater in the form of bicarbonate. The dissolution and exchange increasing mechanism of the alkaline minerals is as follows:|[0047] CO2+H2O+0.25Mg2SiO4→HCO3-+0.25H4SiO4+0.5Mg2+|[0048] when the carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor 10 monitors that the carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the seawater in the reaction kettle is lower than 300 mu atm, or the PH monitor I11 monitors that the PH value of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 9, or the dissolved silicon monitor 12 monitors that the concentration of the dissolved silicon of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 40 mu mol/L, when one of the conditions is met, the crushing blade 5 stops crushing and stirring, and the pressure in the reaction kettle is released to a normal pressure state through a pressure release valve at a pressure release opening 8 at the top of the reaction kettle. Standing for 0.5-1.0 hr to precipitate alkaline minerals in the seawater, opening the water outlet I on the reaction kettle, and allowing the seawater treated by the seawater alkalization reaction kettle to flow into the diatom breeding system 2. |[0049] And secondly, breeding diatoms and cultivating water bodies in the diatom breeding system 2.|[0050] The diatom in the application is selected from the algae of the Wilsoniana in which diatom model algae are cultivated, and in a diatom breeding system, the diatom is bred by utilizing the alkalized seawater which is rich in silicon and high in inorganic carbon and flows out from the alkalized seawater mechanism.|[0051] Based on the total alkalinity and the PH value of the alkalized seawater detection flowing out of the seawater alkalization mechanism, the PH value exceeds 9, natural seawater is injected into the diatom breeding pond 14 through a seawater inlet II15 on the diatom breeding pond 14 in order to make the PH value of the water body more suitable for breeding diatom, and the PH value of the water body in the diatom breeding pond 14 is reduced to and controlled between 8 and 9 through a PH monitor II 17. The temperature of the water body in the diatom breeding pond 14 is controlled to be more than 9 ℃ through the temperature probe 18, the seaweed is bred in the water body, and meanwhile the water body is cultivated.|[0052] When the nutrient salt monitor 16 monitors that the inorganic nitrogen concentration of the water body in the diatom cultivating pond is lower than 1.0 mu mol/L, the phosphate concentration is lower than 0.1 mu mol/L or the dissolved silicon concentration is lower than 2.0 mu mol/L, when one of the three conditions is met, the diatoms bred in the diatom cultivating system can be collected, the collected diatoms can be used for producing cultivating feed in the sea, carbon fixed on the algae is transferred through a sea food chain, part of the fixed carbon is settled in the form of biological chips and buried in the sea bed through a biological pump, and long-period carbon storage is completed.|[0053] Meanwhile, the water body cultured by the diatom breeding system can be released into the environment sea. The water body after the reaction cultivation of the diatom breeding system carries algae scraps and dissolved organic carbon and can be directly converged into the surrounding sea area without treatment. The algae scraps which are gathered into the surrounding sea area are partially settled and buried in the seabed, and the dissolved organic carbon is converted into inert dissolved organic carbon through marine microorganisms, so that long-period carbon storage is completed.|[0054] Thirdly, in the process of diatom breeding and water body cultivation in the diatom breeding system, carbon dioxide dissolution and sea water alkalization treatment are carried out in the sea water alkalization mechanism, so that after the water body cultivated by the diatom breeding system in the second step is discharged into the sea, sea water is continuously supplemented into the diatom breeding system from the sea water alkalization mechanism, and continuous carbon dioxide capturing and sea carbon sealing of the sea water are realized.|[0055] Example 3|[0056] Unlike example 2, in the method for carbon dioxide capture and marine carbon sequestration described in this example, in the second step, example 2 employs a pressurized dissolution process, whereas in this example an atmospheric dissolution process is employed.|[0057] Through the air inlet 13 at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, ambient atmosphere or smoke is introduced from the lower part of the water body of the reaction kettle, and meanwhile, a pressure release valve is opened, so that the inside of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is always kept in a normal pressure state, other valves on the reaction kettle are closed, the crushing blades 5 at the bottom of the reaction kettle are started, and alkaline mineral particles at the bottom of the reaction kettle are crushed in the rotation process of the crushing blades, so that the dissolution of alkaline minerals in seawater is accelerated.|[0058] Otherwise, the same as in example 2 was conducted.|[0059] The device and the method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon provided by the invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. | (CN115678763)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration and storage, in particular to a device and a method for capturing carbon dioxide and storing ocean carbon.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The continuous increase of the artificial emission of carbon dioxide causes global warming, causes a series of negative environmental effects such as extreme climate frequency, sea level rise, anoxic acidification of water body and the like, threatens the sustainable development of human society, but in the visible future, fossil fuel is still the main energy source of industrial society, develops carbon dioxide capturing and sealing technology, and breaks through the industrial application bottleneck problem. Ocean is the largest active carbon reservoir on the earth surface, plays a role in regulating climate change in the earth history, and has huge sink-increasing potential. The ocean carbon sequestration and storage technology for increasing the ocean carbon sink through artificial measures can realize artificial regulation and control of global carbon circulation, and radically solve the global climate warming problem. Meanwhile, based on the principle of cyclic coupling of source elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon of a marine system, the artificial regulation and control of key source elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus can be realized through the regulation and control of global carbon circulation.|[0003] Carbon sink mechanisms of marine systems include solubility pumps, biochar pumps, carbonate pumps, and microbial carbon pumps. The solubility pump means that when the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide is higher than that of ocean, more carbon dioxide is dissolved in seawater until the pressure of the sea-air interface reaches balance, and the solubility pump is a passive physical and chemical process. The biological carbon pump is started on the ocean euoptical layer, the phytoplankton converts dissolved inorganic carbon into organic carbon through photosynthesis, and the organic carbon is transferred and converted into chips such as biological remains or feces through a food net, and the chips enter deep sea or are buried in the seabed through gravity migration to realize long-period carbon storage. The carbonate pump refers to the process that calcified organisms such as Coccolithology or shellfish generate a protective shell of calcium carbonate by fixing carbonate in seawater, and finally, calcium carbonate particles are settled and buried on the seabed. During the formation of calcium carbonate, 1 mole of carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere per 1 mole of calcium carbonate formed, so the carbonate pump is also known as a carbonate counter pump. The microbial carbon pump is a process of converting dissolved organic carbon from activity to inertia through metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the inertia dissolved organic carbon is not easy to degrade, so that the microbial carbon pump can be stored in the ocean for thousands of years. The ocean carbon sequestration and storage technology is a technical system for accelerating the ocean carbon pump through artificial interference measures, and various technical approaches exist, wherein the theory of sea water alkalization and sea algae cultivation and exchange increase is relatively perfect, and the technology is mature. The sea water alkalizing and collecting technology is to accelerate the dissolution of silicate or carbonate alkali mineral to raise sea water alkalinity and promote the dissolution of carbon dioxide in sea water, i.e. the artificial accelerating solubility pump, to complete the capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The seaweed cultivation and sink-increasing technology is to artificially cultivate micro or macro seaweed, convert inorganic carbon dissolved in seawater into organic carbon by utilizing the photosynthesis of seaweed, release particles into water and dissolve the organic carbon, and realize long-period carbon storage through secondary conversion of a biological carbon pump and a microbial carbon pump respectively.|[0004] However, the industrialized application of sea water alkalization and enrichment and seaweed cultivation and enrichment technology still has partial bottleneck problems to be solved. The sea water alkalizing and gathering increasing technology can promote the formation of silicate/carbonate secondary minerals due to the artificial increase of free silicic acid and carbonic acid in sea water, so that part of carbon dioxide in a dissolved sea water system is returned to the atmosphere again, and the carbon storage period of the technology is unknown. Seaweed cultivation and sink-increasing technology is limited by the conversion efficiency of a biological carbon pump and micro-biological carbon, and sink-increasing potential is limited.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a device and a method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing marine carbon, which are used for realizing a seawater alkalization-seaweed cultivation integrated process, wherein alkaline minerals are dissolved in seawater to quickly capture atmospheric carbon dioxide, the concentration of free silicic acid and carbonic acid in seawater is reduced by utilizing diatom breeding, and the carbon storage period of the marine carbon is prolonged by inorganic/organic, particle/dissolution and multiple forms.|[0006] The technical scheme of the device for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism, a diatom breeding system, a power assembly and a monitoring assembly, wherein the power assembly is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism, the diatom breeding system and the monitoring assembly, a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism is connected with the diatom breeding system, and the monitoring assembly is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism and the diatom breeding system;|[0007] The seawater alkalization mechanism comprises a seawater alkalization reaction kettle, wherein the bottom of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with crushing blades, the crushing blades are connected with a power assembly, the top of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with a seawater inlet I, an alkaline mineral inlet and a pressure relief opening, the pressure relief opening is provided with a pressure relief valve, the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with an air pressure monitor, a carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor, a PH monitor I and a dissolved silicon monitor, the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with an air inlet, the middle part of the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is provided with a water outlet I, and the water outlet I is connected with a diatom breeding system through a connecting pipeline; |[0008] The diatom breeding system comprises a diatom breeding pool, wherein a seawater inlet II is formed in the diatom breeding pool, a nutrient salt monitor, a PH monitor II and a temperature probe are respectively arranged in the diatom breeding pool, and a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the diatom breeding pool. |[0009] In the invention, the power component uses one or more renewable clean energy sources of wind energy, tidal energy and solar energy and converts the renewable clean energy sources into electric energy.|[0010] The invention also comprises a method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon by using the device, which comprises the following steps,|[0011] S1, dissolving and capturing carbon dioxide in a seawater alkalizing mechanism:|[0012] Injecting seawater into a seawater alkalization reaction kettle of a seawater alkalization mechanism through a seawater inlet I, putting alkaline mineral particles into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle through an alkaline mineral inlet, directly falling the alkaline mineral particles to the bottom of the reaction kettle body, and injecting natural seawater accounting for 60-80% of the whole reaction kettle volume and alkaline mineral particles accounting for 0.1% of the seawater mass into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, wherein the particle size of the alkaline mineral particles is not more than 2mm; |[0013] Introducing environmental atmosphere or smoke from the lower part of a seawater alkalization reaction kettle through an air inlet at the lower part of the reaction kettle water body, starting a crushing blade at the bottom of the reaction kettle, and crushing alkaline mineral particles at the bottom of the reaction kettle in the rotation process of the crushing blade, so that the dissolution of alkaline minerals in seawater is accelerated, the alkalinity of the seawater water body is improved after the alkaline minerals are dissolved in the seawater, and more CO 2 is promoted to be dissolved and fixed in the seawater in a bicarbonate form; |[0014] When the carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor monitors that the carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the seawater in the reaction kettle is lower than 300 mu atm, or the PH monitor I monitors that the PH value of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 9, or the dissolved silicon monitor monitors that the concentration of the dissolved silicon of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 40 mu mol/L, when one of the conditions is met, the crushing blades stop crushing and stirring, and stand for 0.5-1.0 hour, so that alkaline minerals in the seawater are precipitated, and the seawater treated by the seawater alkalization reaction kettle flows into a diatom breeding system; |[0015] s2, breeding diatoms and culturing water bodies in a diatom breeding system: |[0016] Natural seawater is injected into the diatom breeding pond through a seawater inlet II on the diatom breeding pond, the PH value of the water body in the diatom breeding pond is reduced to and controlled between 8 and 9 through a PH monitor II, the temperature of the water body in the diatom breeding pond is controlled to be above 9 ℃ through a temperature probe, the seaweed weskii is bred in the water body, and meanwhile, the water body is cultivated; |[0017] when the nutrient salt monitor monitors that the inorganic nitrogen concentration of water in the diatom culture pond is lower than 1.0 mu mol/L, the phosphate concentration is lower than 0.1 mu mol/L or the dissolved silicon concentration is lower than 2.0 mu mol/L, when one of the three conditions is met, collecting the diatoms bred in the diatom breeding system, and the water cultured by the diatom breeding system can be released into the environment sea; |[0018] S3, the seawater alkalization mechanism continuously supplements seawater into the diatom breeding system, and continuous carbon dioxide trapping and ocean carbon sealing of the seawater are achieved. |[0019] In the invention, the dissolution and exchange increasing mechanism of the alkaline mineral is as follows:|[0020] CO2+H2O+0.25Mg2SiO4→HCO3-+0.25H4SiO4+0.5Mg2+.|[0021] In the step S2, the reactor may be pressurized to achieve pulverization and stirring by the pulverizing blade. At this time, through the air inlet at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, ambient atmosphere or smoke is introduced from the lower part of the water body of the reaction kettle until the pressure in the reaction kettle rises to 18-25bar, the air inlet is automatically closed, all valves of the reaction kettle are closed, the whole reaction kettle is in a closed state, and after timing for 4-6 hours, crushing blades at the bottom of the reaction kettle are started; |[0022] after the crushing blades stop crushing and stirring, the pressure in the reaction kettle is relieved to a normal pressure state through a pressure relief valve at a pressure relief opening at the top of the reaction kettle. |[0023] The reaction kettle can be in a normal pressure state to realize the crushing and stirring of the crushing blades. At this time, through the air inlet of sea water alkalization reation kettle lower part, let in ambient atmosphere or flue gas from the below of reation kettle water, open the relief valve simultaneously, make sea water alkalization reation kettle remain the normal pressure state throughout, close other valves on the reation kettle this moment, start the crushing blade of reation kettle bottom.|[0024] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0025] (1) The device utilizes high pressure conditions to promote the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in seawater, so that the seawater is in an acidic state, and the dissolution of alkaline minerals is promoted, and meanwhile, the dissolution of the alkaline minerals is further accelerated by the mechanical stirring action of the crushing blades at the bottom of the reaction kettle; |[0026] (2) The alkalized seawater has high bicarbonate content and high concentration of dissolved silicon, and is beneficial to promoting the growth of diatom; |[0027] (3) Compared with the method for directly throwing the alkaline mineral stone powder to the sea algae cultivation sea area to realize the sea water alkalization-algae cultivation combined exchange increasing process, the device system is easy to manually regulate and control, and the trapping and fixation of the device system to the atmospheric carbon dioxide can be monitored; |[0028] (4) The solution quickly enters an acidic environment through the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the seawater alkalization mechanism, the alkaline mineral dissolution process is accelerated by stirring, and the solution quickly enters an alkaline environment, so that natural seawater is converted in an acid-base environment in a short period, the activity of the original microorganism population in the natural seawater is reduced, and the pollution of the natural seawater to diatom breeding is avoided; |[0029] (5) The natural seawater is used for breeding diatom, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts are not required to be artificially added in the breeding process, the water body is discharged, the seawater eutrophication phenomenon is not caused, and the device can be used for purifying the eutrophication seawater; |[0030] (6) The diatom breeds absorb and assimilate the dissolved silicon of the alkalized seawater, so that the formation of silicate secondary ores is avoided, meanwhile, the dissolved inorganic carbon is converted into organic carbon, and the dissolved carbon dioxide is effectively prevented from returning to the atmosphere; |[0031] (7) The accelerated dissolution of the alkaline minerals can be realized in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle, and the carbon fixation efficiency can be directly monitored, so that the parameter details of the reaction kettle can be adjusted at any time according to the specific environment of implementation in the actual working process; |[0032] (8) The power mechanism of the device adopts renewable clean energy, and carbon emission is not additionally generated. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0033] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure for a carbon dioxide capture and marine carbon sequestration device.|[0034] In the figure, a seawater alkalization mechanism, a2 diatom breeding system, a 3 power component, a 4 seawater alkalization reaction kettle, 5 crushing blades, 6 seawater inlets I, 7 alkaline mineral inlets, 8 pressure relief openings, 9 air pressure monitors, 10 carbon dioxide partial pressure monitors, 11PH monitors I, 12 dissolved silicon monitors, 13 air inlets, 14 diatom breeding ponds, 15 seawater inlets II, 16 nutrient salt monitors, 17PH monitors II, 18 temperature probes and 19 water outlets II are shown.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0035] In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.|[0036] In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than those herein described, and those skilled in the art may readily devise numerous other arrangements that do not depart from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.|[0037] Example 1|[0038] The device comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism 1 for capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide, a diatom breeding system 2 for sealing the marine carbon, a power assembly 3 for providing clean renewable energy and a monitoring assembly for realizing intelligent control, wherein the power assembly 3 is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism 1, the diatom breeding system 2 and the monitoring assembly, and a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism 1 is connected with a water inlet of the diatom breeding system 2. The monitoring component is respectively connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism 1 and the diatom breeding system 2.|[0039] The seawater alkalization mechanism 1 comprises a seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, a crushing blade 5 for crushing alkaline minerals is arranged at the bottom of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, a rotating shaft at the center of the crushing blade is connected with a power assembly 3, and the crushing blade 5 is rotated by power provided by the power assembly 3, so that the alkaline minerals in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 are crushed. The top of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is provided with a seawater inlet I6, an alkaline mineral inlet 7 and a pressure relief opening 8, seawater is injected into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 through the seawater inlet I6, alkaline mineral particles enter the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 through the alkaline mineral inlet 7, a pressure relief valve is arranged at the pressure relief opening 8, and the pressure relief valve is used for relieving the pressure of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4. The side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is also provided with an air pressure monitor 9, a carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor 10, a PH monitor I11 and a dissolved silicon monitor 12, the pressure in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is monitored in real time through the air pressure monitor 9, the carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the seawater in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle can be obtained in real time through the carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor 10, the PH value of the seawater in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is monitored in real time through the PH monitor I11, and the dissolved silicon concentration of the seawater in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle is monitored in real time through the dissolved silicon monitor 12. An air inlet 13 is arranged at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, and air or flue gas containing carbon dioxide enters the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 through the air inlet 13, and the ambient atmosphere or the flue gas is used as a carbon dioxide capturing source. In the application, the kettle body of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 can bear the pressure below 50 bar. The middle part of the side wall of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is provided with a water outlet I, and the water outlet I is connected with the diatom breeding system 2 through a connecting pipeline.|[0040] The diatom breeding system 2 comprises a diatom breeding pool 14, and the treated seawater flowing out of the water outlet of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 directly flows into the diatom breeding pool 14. The diatom breeding pool 14 is provided with a seawater inlet II15, and in the diatom breeding process, the seawater which needs to be additionally supplemented flows into the diatom breeding pool 14 through the seawater inlet II 15. The diatom breeding pond 14 is respectively provided with a nutrient salt monitor 16, a PH monitor II17 and a temperature probe 18, the inorganic nitrogen concentration, the phosphate concentration and the dissolved silicon concentration of the cultivated water body in the diatom breeding pond 14 are monitored in real time through the nutrient salt monitor 16, the PH value of the cultivated water body is monitored in real time through the PH monitor II17, so that the PH value of the cultivated water body is kept between 8 and 9, the temperature of the cultivated water body is monitored in real time through the temperature probe 18, and the temperature of the cultivated water body is controlled to be more than 9 ℃. The bottom of the diatom breeding pond 14 is provided with a water outlet 19, and water in the diatom breeding pond 14 can be directly discharged into seawater through the water outlet 19.|[0041] The power component 3 in the application can use one or more renewable clean energy sources of wind energy, tidal energy and solar energy and convert the renewable clean energy sources into electric energy. The power component 3 is connected with the crushing blade 5 in the seawater alkalization reaction kettle to provide power for the rotation of the crushing blade. The inside of the diatom breeding pond 14 is provided with heating equipment, when the temperature in the diatom breeding pond 14 is reduced to below 9 ℃, the power assembly 3 provides power for the heating equipment, and the heating equipment heats the cultivation water body in the diatom breeding pond, so that the temperature of the cultivation water body is kept above 9 ℃. Meanwhile, the power assembly also provides power for each monitoring assembly so as to ensure the normal operation of the monitoring assembly. During idle periods, the power obtained by the power component can also be imported into the power grid for other uses.|[0042] Example 2|[0043] The application also comprises a method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon by using the device, and the method comprises the following steps.|[0044] In the first step, the dissolution of carbon dioxide is realized in a seawater alkalizing mechanism.|[0045] The seawater is injected into a seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 of a seawater alkalization mechanism through a seawater inlet I6, alkaline mineral particles are put into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 through an alkaline mineral inlet 7, and the alkaline mineral particles directly fall to the bottom of the reaction kettle body under the action of gravity. In the application, natural seawater accounting for 60-80% of the whole reaction kettle volume and alkaline mineral particles accounting for 0.1% of the seawater mass are injected into the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, and the particle size of the alkaline mineral particles is not more than 2mm.|[0046] And (3) introducing ambient atmosphere or smoke from the lower part of the water body of the reaction kettle through an air inlet 13 at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 until the pressure in the reaction kettle rises to 18-25bar, and automatically closing the air inlet 13. At this time, all valves on the reaction kettle are closed, so that the whole reaction kettle is in a closed state. The whole reaction kettle is sealed for 4-6 hours, carbon dioxide is fully dissolved in seawater in the process, the crushing blades 5 at the bottom of the reaction kettle are started, and alkaline mineral particles at the bottom of the reaction kettle are crushed in the rotation process of the crushing blades, so that the dissolution of alkaline minerals in the seawater is accelerated. After the alkaline minerals are dissolved in the seawater, the alkalinity of the seawater body is improved, and more CO 2 can be promoted to be dissolved and fixed in the seawater in the form of bicarbonate. The dissolution and exchange increasing mechanism of the alkaline minerals is as follows:|[0047] CO2+H2O+0.25Mg2SiO4→HCO3-+0.25H4SiO4+0.5Mg2+|[0048] when the carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor 10 monitors that the carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the seawater in the reaction kettle is lower than 300 mu atm, or the PH monitor I11 monitors that the PH value of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 9, or the dissolved silicon monitor 12 monitors that the concentration of the dissolved silicon of the seawater in the reaction kettle exceeds 40 mu mol/L, when one of the conditions is met, the crushing blade 5 stops crushing and stirring, and the pressure in the reaction kettle is released to a normal pressure state through a pressure release valve at a pressure release opening 8 at the top of the reaction kettle. Standing for 0.5-1.0 hr to precipitate alkaline minerals in the seawater, opening the water outlet I on the reaction kettle, and allowing the seawater treated by the seawater alkalization reaction kettle to flow into the diatom breeding system 2. |[0049] And secondly, breeding diatoms and cultivating water bodies in the diatom breeding system 2.|[0050] The diatom in the application is selected from the algae of the Wilsoniana in which diatom model algae are cultivated, and in a diatom breeding system, the diatom is bred by utilizing the alkalized seawater which is rich in silicon and high in inorganic carbon and flows out from the alkalized seawater mechanism.|[0051] Based on the total alkalinity and the PH value of the alkalized seawater detection flowing out of the seawater alkalization mechanism, the PH value exceeds 9, natural seawater is injected into the diatom breeding pond 14 through a seawater inlet II15 on the diatom breeding pond 14 in order to make the PH value of the water body more suitable for breeding diatom, and the PH value of the water body in the diatom breeding pond 14 is reduced to and controlled between 8 and 9 through a PH monitor II 17. The temperature of the water body in the diatom breeding pond 14 is controlled to be more than 9 ℃ through the temperature probe 18, the seaweed is bred in the water body, and meanwhile the water body is cultivated.|[0052] When the nutrient salt monitor 16 monitors that the inorganic nitrogen concentration of the water body in the diatom cultivating pond is lower than 1.0 mu mol/L, the phosphate concentration is lower than 0.1 mu mol/L or the dissolved silicon concentration is lower than 2.0 mu mol/L, when one of the three conditions is met, the diatoms bred in the diatom cultivating system can be collected, the collected diatoms can be used for producing cultivating feed in the sea, carbon fixed on the algae is transferred through a sea food chain, part of the fixed carbon is settled in the form of biological chips and buried in the sea bed through a biological pump, and long-period carbon storage is completed.|[0053] Meanwhile, the water body cultured by the diatom breeding system can be released into the environment sea. The water body after the reaction cultivation of the diatom breeding system carries algae scraps and dissolved organic carbon and can be directly converged into the surrounding sea area without treatment. The algae scraps which are gathered into the surrounding sea area are partially settled and buried in the seabed, and the dissolved organic carbon is converted into inert dissolved organic carbon through marine microorganisms, so that long-period carbon storage is completed.|[0054] Thirdly, in the process of diatom breeding and water body cultivation in the diatom breeding system, carbon dioxide dissolution and sea water alkalization treatment are carried out in the sea water alkalization mechanism, so that after the water body cultivated by the diatom breeding system in the second step is discharged into the sea, sea water is continuously supplemented into the diatom breeding system from the sea water alkalization mechanism, and continuous carbon dioxide capturing and sea carbon sealing of the sea water are realized.|[0055] Example 3|[0056] Unlike example 2, in the method for carbon dioxide capture and marine carbon sequestration described in this example, in the second step, example 2 employs a pressurized dissolution process, whereas in this example an atmospheric dissolution process is employed.|[0057] Through the air inlet 13 at the lower part of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4, ambient atmosphere or smoke is introduced from the lower part of the water body of the reaction kettle, and meanwhile, a pressure release valve is opened, so that the inside of the seawater alkalization reaction kettle 4 is always kept in a normal pressure state, other valves on the reaction kettle are closed, the crushing blades 5 at the bottom of the reaction kettle are started, and alkaline mineral particles at the bottom of the reaction kettle are crushed in the rotation process of the crushing blades, so that the dissolution of alkaline minerals in seawater is accelerated.|[0058] Otherwise, the same as in example 2 was conducted.|[0059] The device and the method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off marine carbon provided by the invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. | Family Number|(103739852)|103739852|Abstract|(CN115678763B B)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration and storage , in particular to a device and method for carbon dioxide capture and ocean carbon sequestration . The device comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism , a diatom breeding system , a power assembly and a monitoring assembly , the power assembly is connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism , the diatom breeding system and the monitoring assembly , a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism is connected with the diatom breeding system , and the monitoring assembly is connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism and the diatom breeding system . According to the method , a seawater alkalization - seaweed culture integrated process is realized , atmospheric carbon dioxide is rapidly captured by dissolving alkaline minerals in seawater , the concentrations of free silicic acid and carbonic acid in seawater are reduced by utilizing diatom breeding , carbon is stored in inorganic / organic and particle / dissolved forms , and the marine carbon storage period is prolonged . |Title|(CN115678763 A)|Device and method for carbon dioxide capture and marine carbon sequestration |(CN115678763B B)|Device and method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off ocean carbon | | Biotechnology|Chemical engineering|Environmental technology | B01F-023/237|C02F-003/32|C02F-101/10|C02F-103/08|C12M-001/00|C12M-001/04|C12M-001/34|C12M-001/36|C12M-001/38|C12N-001/12|C12R-001/89 | B01F-023/237|C02F-003/32|C02F-101/10|C02F-103/08|C12M-001/00|C12M-001/04|C12M-001/34|C12M-001/36|C12M-001/38|C12N-001/12|C12R-001/89 | CN118026381|CN117776309|CN118954566|CN120801607B|CN116844657B | CN118026381 109778169 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN117776309 109086772 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN118954566 112217051 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN120801607B 116350039 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|CN116844657B 106738940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN110975550|KR20150028019|CN114206474|CN107694308|KR20130023483 | CN110975550 88209146 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|KR20150028019 68851764 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN114206474 91636862 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN107694308 78826920 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|KR20130023483 45059525 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | KR20150028019; CN110975550; CN107694308; CN114206474; KR20130023483 | GRANTED | (CN115678763)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN115678763)|ALIVE | (CN115678763)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN115678763|Actual or expected expiration date=2042-10-28|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2022-10-28|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202211331040|Application date=2022-10-28|Standardized application number=2022CN-1331040|Event publication date=2023-02-03|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115678763|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-02-03|Standardized publication number=CN115678763|Event publication date=2023-02-03|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-03-28|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-02-11|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115678763|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2025-02-11|Standardized publication number=CN115678763B|Event publication date=2025-02-11|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN115678763)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoRFUr2cbWhoGhj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000076263680&ekey=2329&xpn=CN115678763B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=RT9LyBQ6WLnxUx20mWiMirmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN115678763)|CN|(CN115678763)|CN | (CN115678763)|NAME=SHANDONG UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN|(CN115678763)|NAME=SHANDONG UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN115678763)|NAME=LEI FEI;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335NAME=WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335|(CN115678763)|NAME=LEI FEI;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335NAME=WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335 | (CN115678763)|NAME=LIU JIHUA|NAME=ZHENG LIWEN|NAME=ZHOU WEI|NAME=GUO XUEFEI|(CN115678763)|NAME=LIU JIHUA|NAME=ZHENG LIWEN|NAME=ZHOU WEI|NAME=GUO XUEFEI | Titre: (CN115678763)|Device and method for capturing carbon dioxide and sealing off ocean carbon Résumé: (CN115678763)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration and storage, in particular to a device and method for carbon dioxide capture and ocean carbon sequestration. The device comprises a seawater alkalization mechanism, a diatom breeding system, a power assembly and a monitoring assembly, the power assembly is connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism, the diatom breeding system and the monitoring assembly, a water outlet of the seawater alkalization mechanism is connected with the diatom breeding system, and the monitoring assembly is connected with the seawater alkalization mechanism and the diatom breeding system. According to the method, a seawater alkalization-seaweed culture integrated process is realized, atmospheric carbon dioxide is rapidly captured by dissolving alkaline minerals in seawater, the concentrations of free silicic acid and carbonic acid in seawater are reduced by utilizing diatom breeding, carbon is stored in inorganic/organic and particle/dissolved forms, and the marine carbon storage period is prolonged. | 11.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses carbon capture and sequestration in the ocean, but it focuses on seawater alkalization and diatom breeding rather than direct iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment specifically aimed at enhancing phytoplankton growth for CO₂ uptake. | 5.0 | 5.0 | (CN115678763)|1 | (CN115678763)|4 | (CN115678763)|5|(CN115678763)|6 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN115678763)|1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN115678763)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-02-11|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-0701|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10|Primary examiner: 程鑫|Primary examiner: Cheng Xin||(CN115678763)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-02-03|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-0502|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10|Primary examiner: 程鑫|Primary examiner: Cheng Xin| | (CN115678763)|Previous publication: CN115678763 A 2023-02-03 [CN115678763] | (CN115678763)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN115678763B)|Patent|(CN115678763)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 25 | CN202310286495 | CN202310286495 | CN115995048|CN115995048 | 104648993 | CN115995048 B 2024-07-02 [CN115995048B]|CN115995048 A 2023-04-21 [CN115995048] | 2023-03-23 | 2023-03-23 | 2024-07-02|2023-04-21 | (CN115995048B)|2024-07-02 | (CN115995048)|2043-03-23 | (CN115995048)|Remote sensing measurement and calculation method, device and equipment for sea weed bed carbon fixation amount | (CN115995048)|The invention discloses a remote sensing measurement and calculation method, device and equipment for the carbon sequestration amount of a seaweed bed, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining a regional remote sensing image, and carrying out the preprocessing, thereby obtaining wavelet data; 2, hyperplane division is carried out to process the regional remote sensing image, a sample distribution rule is obtained, a classification rule is constructed by using the sample distribution rule, the wavelet data is processed, and the sea grass type and the sea grass area are obtained; and step 3, obtaining the carbon sequestration amount of the sea grass bed based on the sea grass type and the sea grass area. According to the method, the wavelet data are obtained after the regional remote sensing image is preprocessed, the wavelet data are classified and processed to obtain the sea grass data, then the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount is obtained, time and labor are saved, the situation that the precision of the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount is reduced due to tedious steps is avoided, and in addition, the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount in a large-range ocean can be obtained. And the obtained carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed has relatively high accuracy. | SHANDONG MARINE RESOURCE & ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE SHANDONG MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER SHANDONG AQUATIC PRODUCTS QUALITY INSPECTION CENTER|YANTAI UNIVERSITY | (CN115995048)|SHANDONG MARINE RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SHANDONG MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER, SHANDONG AQUATIC PRODUCTS QUALITY INSPECTION CENTER) ([CN])|YANTAI UNIV|(CN115995048)|SHANDONG MARINE RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SHANDONG MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER, SHANDONG AQUATIC PRODUCTS QUALITY INSPECTION CENTER) ([CN])|YANTAI UNIV | QIN HUAWEI|LIU ZHAOWEI|MA YUANQING|LI MINGLIANG|XIN RONGYU|ZHANG MINGLIANG|ZHAO YUTING|GU WEILI|SU BO|HE JIANLONG | (CN115995048)|QIN HUAWEI|LIU ZHAOWEI|MA YUANQING|LI MINGLIANG|XIN RONGYU|ZHANG MINGLIANG|ZHAO YUTING|GU WEILI|SU BO|HE JIANLONG|(CN115995048)|QIN HUAWEI|LIU ZHAOWEI|MA YUANQING|LI MINGLIANG|XIN RONGYU|ZHANG MINGLIANG|ZHAO YUTING|GU WEILI|SU BO|HE JIANLONG | (CN115995048)|WANG YUXUAN;BEIJING BRIGHT & RIGHT LAW FIRM|Reg. Nb: 11302 | (CN115995048)|The aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.| | (CN115995048)|1. The remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed is characterized by comprising the following operations: Step one: acquiring a regional remote sensing image, and preprocessing to acquire wavelet data; the preprocessing comprises registration processing and fusion processing; the registration process specifically includes: performing geometric registration of L-band polarization data and an optical image on the regional remote sensing image, wherein the geometric registration is realized through supervised learning, and the registered regional remote sensing image is obtained; the operation of the fusion process is specifically as follows: performing fusion processing on the registered regional remote sensing images by using a discrete wavelet transformation method to acquire wavelet data; in the fusion processing process, the registered regional remote sensing image is a limited image, and is decomposed into a two-dimensional limited decomposed image with the resolution of 2 j along the rows and columns of the limited image, wherein j is a decomposition level, the two-dimensional limited decomposed image is characterized by a coefficient calculated by convolution with a wavelet function, a scaling function and the wavelet function are adopted to be respectively combined with a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter, and continuous high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering processing are carried out on an input wave band to obtain the wavelet data with the same resolution; Step two: dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image, obtaining a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, and processing the wavelet data to obtain the seaweed type and seaweed area; the classification rule specifically comprises the following steps: when x is less than or equal to the first wavelength, the corresponding area is a first area; When the first wavelength < x is less than or equal to the second wavelength, the corresponding area is a second area; When the second wavelength < x is less than or equal to the third wavelength: if the second wavelength is less than or equal to the second middle wavelength, the corresponding area is a third area; if the second medium wavelength is less than or equal to the third wavelength, the corresponding region is a fourth region; when the third wavelength is less than or equal to x and less than or equal to the fourth wavelength, the corresponding region is a fifth region; When the fourth wavelength is less than x, the corresponding area is a sixth area; x is the band to be classified; when x is less than or equal to 450nm, the region is sea water; When x is 450< 550nm or less, the region is seaweed; when 550< x.ltoreq.700: 550< x is less than or equal to 675, the area is Japanese eel grass; 675< x is less than or equal to 700, the area is the eel grass; when x is 700< 780nm, the area is viny; When x >780nm, the region is a non-marine environment; step three: obtaining a seaweed bed carbon sequestration amount based on the seaweed species and seaweed area; The seaweed bed carbon sequestration quantity BM c is obtained by the following formula: BMc=BM1+BM2+,…,BMn, BM 1、BM2、…,BMn represents the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed of the 1 st, 2 nd and … th, n kinds of seaweed respectively; The seaweed carbon sequestration BM is obtained by the following formula: BM eq is the area of seaweed, age is the growth time of seaweed, and τ is the recovery time of seaweed density in equilibrium; The seaweed area BM eq is obtained by the following formula: BMeq=Pixunit·PixSeagrass, Pix unit is the unit pixel area, pix Seagrass is the total number of seaweed pixels, wherein, Area is the total area of the region, and Pix all is the total number of pixels in the region.| | (CN115995048)|The invention aims to provide a remote sensing measuring and calculating method, a device and equipment for processing satellite remote sensing images to acquire carbon sequestration amount of seaweed beds.|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean image processing, in particular to a remote sensing measurement and calculation method, device and equipment for sea weed bed carbon fixation.|the invention provides a remote sensing measurement and calculation method of sea weed bed carbon fixation amount, which comprises the following operations:| | (CN115995048)|REMOTE SENSING(100,79)|SEAWEED(100,56)|SEAWEED BED(100,40)|CARBON FIXATION(100,37)|REMOTE SENSING MEASUREMENT(100,27)|CALCULATION(100,9)|EQUIPMENT(100,4)|GEOMETRIC REGISTRATION(71,7)|SEAWEED BED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(69,7)|WAVELET DATA ACQUISITION(55,8)|DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMATION(49,3)|WAVELET DATA(48,21)|SEAWEED PIXEL(48,4)|NONMARINE ENVIRONMENT(46,3)|JAPANESE EEL GRASS(44,3)|SEAWEED SPECIES(43,2)|SEAWEED AREA(42,33)|SEAWEED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(41,6)|SEAWEED CALCULATION(41,2)|FUSION PROCESSING(39,6)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(38,42)|PREPROCESSING(38,9)|EEL GRASS(38,6)|MIDDLE WAVELENGTH(38,4)|REMOTE SENSING IMAGE(37,49)|SEAWEED DENSITY(36,4)|DIVIDING HYPERPLANE(35,9)|WAVELET FUNCTION(35,6)|CLASSIFICATION RULE(34,19)|INPUT WAVEBAND(34,3)|SUPERVISED LEARNING(34,2)|ACQUIRE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(34,1)|WAVELET TRANSFORMATION(30,3)|REGISTRATION(28,3)|HYPERPLANE(27,6)|MEDIUM WAVELENGTH(27,6)|CONVOLUTION(27,3)|POLARIZATION DATA(27,3)|PROCESSING SATELLITE(25,1)|REGISTRATION PROCESSING(24,6)|SEAWEED DATA GENERATION MODULE(24,5)|PIX(24,4)|SEAWATER(24,4)|EQUILIBRIUM(24,3)|SEA GRASS BED(24,1)|DECOMPOSITION LEVEL(23,3)|CLASSIFICATION RULE CONSTRUCTION(22,3)|BMC(22,2)|SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION(21,28)|PROCESSING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING(21,1)|CLASSIFICATION RULE GENERATION MODULE(20,3)|CLASSIFICATION MODE(19,1)|PIXEL(17,5)|L BAND POLARIZATION DATA(16,3)|WAVELET DATA GENERATION MODULE(16,3)|SEAWEED AREA GENERATION MODULE(16,1)|LIMITED IMAGE(15,4)|FUSION PROCESSING(15,2)|SEAWEED DENSITY RECOVERY TIME(15,2)|X LTOREQ(15,2)|FUSION(14,6)|AGE(14,5)|PROCESSING SEAWEED DATA(12,3)|SEA IMAGE PROCESSING(12,1)|UNIT PIXEL AREA(11,4)|MARGINAL HYPERPLANE(11,2)|SCALING FUNCTION(10,3)|SEAWEED ACCURACY(10,3)|SEAWEED ROOT CALCIFICATION(10,1)|DECISION TREE CLASSIFICATION RULE(9,5)|TOTAL AREA(9,4)|RECOVERY TIME(9,3)|COMPUTER PROGRAM(9,2)|SEAWEED CLASSIFICATION PRECISION(9,1)|SEAWEED GROWTH CURVE(8,5)|GROWTH TIME(8,3)|SEAWEED CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY(8,1)|OPTICAL IMAGE(7,6)|SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION RULE GENERATION(7,3)|LOW PASS FILTER(7,2)|LOW PASS FILTERING PROCESSING(7,2)|SEAWEED ECOSYSTEM(7,1)|SEAWEED MOMENT(7,1)|SEAWEED PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|VEGETATION INCREMENT SUM(7,1)|SEAWEED CARBON FIXATION(6,2)|BENTHIC ALGAE(6,1)|MARGINAL MAXIMIZATION(6,1)|OBTAINING SEAWEED SPECIES(6,1)|SEAWEED MASS ACCUMULATION(6,1)|SEAWEED RELIABILITY(6,1)|SPLIT HYPERPLANE(6,1)|SUBMARINE SEDIMENT(6,1)|STEP THREE(5,4)|AREA REMOTE SENSING IMAGE(5,3)|HIGH PASS FILTERING(5,3)|LENS OPTICAL DISTORTION(5,3)|WAVEBAND(5,3)|WAVELET DATA PROCESSING(5,3)|HIGH PASS FILTER(5,2)|SEAWEED DATA ACCURACY(5,2)|ACCURATE SEAWEED(5,1)|MIDDLE INFRARED WAVELENGTH(5,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RADIATION PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)|PREDATION FLUX(5,1)|SEAWEED BED CARBON FIXATION(5,1)|SEAWEED HISTORICAL DATA(5,1)|TEMPLE ISLAND REGION(5,1)|COVER SHIELDING(4,2)|SAMPLE CALCULATION(4,2)|WAVELENGTH X(4,2)|DEBRIS FLUX(4,1)|LABELING PIXEL(4,1)|SEA IMAGE ACQUISITION(4,1)|SEAWEED REMOTE SENSING MEASUREMENT(4,1)|TARGET SEAWEED BED PERIOD(4,1)|WAVELET DATA CLASSIFICATION(4,1)|3D CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK(3,1)|CALCULATING SEAWEED AREA(3,1)|CARBON CONTENT INCREMENT(3,1)|CARBON SEDIMENTATION(3,1)|CLASS LABEL(3,1)|DIVISION HYPERPLANE PROCESSING(3,1)|FITTING CURVE(3,1)|INORGANIC CARBON(3,1)|KARUSH KUHN TUCKER(3,1)|LAGRANGE(3,1)|LAGRANGIAN MULTIPLIER(3,1)|OBTAINING SEAWEED DATA(3,1)|PIX PRODUCT(3,1)|PLANT SUSPENSION(3,1)|REST N SEAWEED(3,1)|SEAWEED CONVERT CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)|SUPERVISED LEARNING MODE(3,1)|TRAINING SAMPLE(3,1)||(CN115995048)|REMOTE SENSING(100,79)|SEAWEED(100,46)|SEAWEED BED(100,45)|CARBON FIXATION(100,40)|REMOTE SENSING MEASUREMENT(100,33)|CALCULATION(100,7)|EQUIPMENT(100,4)|MOUNT(100,1)|WAVELET DATA ACQUISITION(42,7)|SEAWEED CALCULATION(41,2)|WAVELET DATA(39,19)|SEAWEED AREABM EQ(38,1)|SEAWEED AREA(37,27)|ACQUIRE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(34,1)|SEAWEED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(31,7)|SEAWEED DATA GENERATION MODULE(31,5)|SEAWEED BED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(30,10)|PREPROCESSING(29,8)|REMOTE SENSING IMAGE(28,42)|CLASSIFICATION RULE(27,16)|HYPERPLANE(26,7)|DIVIDING HYPERPLANE(25,6)|PROCESSING SATELLITE(25,1)|GENERATION MODULE(24,3)|WAVELET DATA GENERATION MODULE(24,3)|DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMATION(24,2)|SEA GRASS BED(24,1)|GEOMETRIC REGISTRATION(23,4)|CLASSIFICATION RULE CONSTRUCTION(22,3)|PROCESSING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING(21,1)|CLASSIFICATION RULE GENERATION MODULE(20,3)|FUSION PROCESSING(19,4)|MIDDLE WAVELENGTH(19,3)|CLASSIFICATION MODE(19,1)|SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION(18,26)|PROCESSING SEAWEED DATA(18,3)|WAVELET DATA PROCESSING(17,4)|MEDIUM WAVELENGTH(15,3)|PIX SESGRASS(15,2)|REGISTRATION PROCESSING(13,5)|REGION PIXEL POINT(13,2)|SEAWEED PIXEL POINT(12,3)|AGEFOR(12,2)|SEAWEED CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY(12,2)|SEA IMAGE PROCESSING(12,1)|FIXED CARBON CONTENTBMIS(11,1)|DIVISION HYPERPLANE(10,3)|SEAWEED ROOT CALCIFICATION(10,1)|COMPUTER PROGRAM(9,2)|SEAWEED BED YEAR(9,1)|SEAWEED GROWTH CURVE(8,5)|DECISION TREE CLASSIFICATION RULE(8,4)|L BAND POLARIZATION DATA(8,2)|SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION RULE GENERATION(7,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITYBM C(7,1)|KARUSH KUHN TUCKER(7,1)|MARGINAL HYPERPLANE(7,1)|SEAWEED ECOSYSTEM(7,1)|SEAWEED MOMENT(7,1)|SEAWEED PHOTOSYNTHESIS(7,1)|VEGETATION INCREMENT SUM(7,1)|SEAWEED DENSITY RECOVERY TIME(6,3)|BENTHIC ALGAE(6,1)|BOUNDARY HYPERPLANE(6,1)|MARGINAL MAXIMIZATION(6,1)|OBTAINING SEAWEED SPECIES(6,1)|SEAWEED MASS ACCUMULATION(6,1)|SEAWEED RELIABILITY(6,1)|SUBMARINE SEDIMENT(6,1)|CALCULATING DEVICE(5,5)|STEP THREE(5,4)|AREA REMOTE SENSING IMAGE(5,3)|LENS OPTICAL DISTORTION(5,3)|SEAWEED DATA ACCURACY(5,2)|UNIT PIXEL POINT(5,2)|ACCURATE SEAWEED(5,1)|CLASSIFICATION PRECISION(5,1)|CNN ENHANCED GRAPH(5,1)|FORMULATHE CARBON CONTENT INCREMENT(5,1)|MIDDLE INFRARED WAVELENGTH(5,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC RADIATION PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(5,1)|PIXEL REGION(5,1)|PREDATION FLUX(5,1)|SEAWEED ACCURACY(5,1)|SEAWEED HISTORICAL DATA(5,1)|SUBHYPERPLANE ISWHEREIN LINEAR EQUATION(5,1)|TEMPLE ISLAND REGION(5,1)|TOTAL AREA(4,3)|SAMPLE CALCULATION(4,2)|SEAWATER(4,2)|CARBON FIXATION AMOUNTBMIS(4,1)|DEBRIS FLUX(4,1)|JAPANESE EEL GRASS(4,1)|NONMARINE ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|REMOTE SENSING MEASUREMENT DEVICE(4,1)|SEA IMAGE ACQUISITION(4,1)|SEAWEED REMOTE SENSING MEASUREMENT(4,1)|TARGET SEAWEED BED PERIOD(4,1)|WAVELET DATA CLASSIFICATION(4,1)|OPTICAL IMAGE(3,5)|3D CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK(3,1)|CALCULATING SEAWEED AREA(3,1)|CARBON SEDIMENTATION(3,1)|CORRESPONDINGAGEAND(3,1)|DISPLACEMENT ITEM(3,1)|FITTING CURVE(3,1)|HYPERPLANE DIVISION PROCESSING(3,1)|INORGANIC CARBON(3,1)|INPUT WAVEBAND(3,1)|LAGRANGIAN MULTIPLIER(3,1)|OBTAINING SEAWEED DATA(3,1)|PIXEL FINITE IMAGE(3,1)|PIXEL LABELING PROCESSING(3,1)|PLANT SUSPENSION(3,1)|REMOTE SENSING IMAGETHE(3,1)|SEA WEEDBM EQ AREA(3,1)|SEA WEEDN AREA(3,1)|SEAWEED CARBON FIXATION(3,1)|SEAWEED CONVERT CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)| | (CN115995048)|1. The remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed is characterized by comprising the following operations:| Step one: acquiring a regional remote sensing image, and preprocessing to acquire wavelet data; the preprocessing comprises registration processing and fusion processing; the registration process specifically includes: performing geometric registration of L-band polarization data and an optical image on the regional remote sensing image, wherein the geometric registration is realized through supervised learning, and the registered regional remote sensing image is obtained; the operation of the fusion process is specifically as follows: performing fusion processing on the registered regional remote sensing images by using a discrete wavelet transformation method to acquire wavelet data; in the fusion processing process, the registered regional remote sensing image is a limited image, and is decomposed into a two-dimensional limited decomposed image with the resolution of 2 j along the rows and columns of the limited image, wherein j is a decomposition level, the two-dimensional limited decomposed image is characterized by a coefficient calculated by convolution with a wavelet function, a scaling function and the wavelet function are adopted to be respectively combined with a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter, and continuous high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering processing are carried out on an input wave band to obtain the wavelet data with the same resolution; | Step two: dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image, obtaining a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, and processing the wavelet data to obtain the seaweed type and seaweed area; | the classification rule specifically comprises the following steps: | when x is less than or equal to the first wavelength, the corresponding area is a first area; | When the first wavelength < x is less than or equal to the second wavelength, the corresponding area is a second area; | When the second wavelength < x is less than or equal to the third wavelength: if the second wavelength is less than or equal to the second middle wavelength, the corresponding area is a third area; if the second medium wavelength is less than or equal to the third wavelength, the corresponding region is a fourth region; | when the third wavelength is less than or equal to x and less than or equal to the fourth wavelength, the corresponding region is a fifth region; | When the fourth wavelength is less than x, the corresponding area is a sixth area; | x is the band to be classified; | when x is less than or equal to 450nm, the region is sea water; | When x is 450< 550nm or less, the region is seaweed; | when 550< x.ltoreq.700: 550< x is less than or equal to 675, the area is Japanese eel grass; 675< x is less than or equal to 700, the area is the eel grass; | when x is 700< 780nm, the area is viny; | When x >780nm, the region is a non-marine environment; | step three: obtaining a seaweed bed carbon sequestration amount based on the seaweed species and seaweed area; | The seaweed bed carbon sequestration quantity BM c is obtained by the following formula: |BMc=BM1+BM2+,…,BMn,| BM 1、BM2、…,BMn represents the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed of the 1 st, 2 nd and … th, n kinds of seaweed respectively; | The seaweed carbon sequestration BM is obtained by the following formula: | BM eq is the area of seaweed, age is the growth time of seaweed, and τ is the recovery time of seaweed density in equilibrium; | The seaweed area BM eq is obtained by the following formula: |BMeq=Pixunit·PixSeagrass,| Pix unit is the unit pixel area, pix Seagrass is the total number of seaweed pixels, wherein, Area is the total area of the region, and Pix all is the total number of pixels in the region.|2. A device for remotely measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration amount of a seaweed bed, which is characterized by being used for realizing the remote sensing and calculating method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed according to claim 1, comprising:| The wavelet data generation module is used for processing the regional remote sensing image to obtain wavelet data; the preprocessing comprises registration processing and fusion processing; the registration process specifically includes: performing geometric registration of L-band polarization data and an optical image on the regional remote sensing image, wherein the geometric registration is realized through supervised learning, and the registered regional remote sensing image is obtained; the operation of the fusion process is specifically as follows: performing fusion processing on the registered regional remote sensing images by using a discrete wavelet transformation method to acquire wavelet data; in the fusion processing process, the registered regional remote sensing image is a limited image, and is decomposed into a two-dimensional limited decomposed image with the resolution of 2 j along the rows and columns of the limited image, wherein j is a decomposition level, the two-dimensional limited decomposed image is characterized by a coefficient calculated by convolution with a wavelet function, a scaling function and the wavelet function are adopted to be respectively combined with a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter, and continuous high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering processing are carried out on an input wave band to obtain the wavelet data with the same resolution; | The seaweed data generation module is used for dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image, obtaining a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, processing the wavelet data and obtaining the seaweed type and the seaweed area; the seaweed data generation module comprises: the sample distribution rule generation module is used for dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image and obtaining a sample distribution rule; the classification rule generation module is used for constructing classification rules by utilizing the sample distribution rule; the seaweed type and seaweed area generation module is used for facilitating the classification rule to process the wavelet data to obtain the seaweed type and seaweed area; | the classification rule specifically comprises the following steps: | when x is less than or equal to the first wavelength, the corresponding area is a first area; | When the first wavelength < x is less than or equal to the second wavelength, the corresponding area is a second area; | When the second wavelength < x is less than or equal to the third wavelength: if the second wavelength is less than or equal to the second middle wavelength, the corresponding area is a third area; if the second medium wavelength is less than or equal to the third wavelength, the corresponding region is a fourth region; | when the third wavelength is less than or equal to x and less than or equal to the fourth wavelength, the corresponding region is a fifth region; | When the fourth wavelength is less than x, the corresponding area is a sixth area; | x is the band to be classified; | when x is less than or equal to 450nm, the region is sea water; | When x is 450< 550nm or less, the region is seaweed; | when 550< x.ltoreq.700: 550< x is less than or equal to 675, the area is Japanese eel grass; 675< x is less than or equal to 700, the area is the eel grass; | when x is 700< 780nm, the area is viny; | When x >780nm, the region is a non-marine environment; | The carbon fixation amount generation module is used for processing the seaweed data to obtain the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed; | The seaweed bed carbon sequestration quantity BM c is obtained by the following formula: |BMc=BM1+BM2+,…,BMn,| BM 1、BM2、…,BMn represents the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed of the 1 st, 2 nd and … th, n kinds of seaweed respectively; | The seaweed carbon sequestration BM is obtained by the following formula: | BM eq is the area of seaweed, age is the growth time of seaweed, and τ is the recovery time of seaweed density in equilibrium; | The seaweed area BM eq is obtained by the following formula: |BMeq=Pixunit·PixSeagrass,| Pix unit is the unit pixel area, pix Seagrass is the total number of seaweed pixels, wherein, Area is the total area of the region, and Pix all is the total number of pixels in the region.|3. A device for remotely measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration amount of a seaweed bed, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor implements a method for remotely measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration amount of a seaweed bed as claimed in claim 1 when executing a computer program stored in the memory.|4. A computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements a method for remote sensing measurement of sea grass bed carbon sequestration as defined in claim 1. | (CN115995048)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean image processing, in particular to a remote sensing measurement and calculation method, device and equipment for sea weed bed carbon fixation.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean has received increasing attention as an important carbon sink, and seaweed is one of the main ways to directly transfer carbon to marine organisms, and also one of the main ways to fix carbon in a submarine sediment (e.g. calcification of seaweed root or mass accumulation of seaweed etc. can fix carbon directly in sediment). Sea weed photosynthesis releases C0 2 into sea water by respiration while fixing a large amount of carbon.|[0003] The seaweed ecosystem is an open system and accurate determination of carbon input and carbon output is difficult. At present, for obtaining the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed mainly by detecting related indexes, the indexes comprise: the primary productivity of effective photosynthetic radiation, seaweed, suspended plants and benthic algae, predation flux, debris flux, carbon sedimentation and temperature in the seaweed bed, and the like are time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the accuracy of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed in a large range cannot be ensured.|[0004] The appearance of the remote sensing technology can acquire large-area ocean images, the coverage area of the images can even reach thousands of square kilometers, and the remote sensing technology is utilized to acquire the ocean images, so that the method has great significance in acquiring the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed by processing the ocean images.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide a remote sensing measuring and calculating method, a device and equipment for processing satellite remote sensing images to acquire carbon sequestration amount of seaweed beds.|[0006] The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:|[0007] the invention provides a remote sensing measurement and calculation method of sea weed bed carbon fixation amount, which comprises the following operations: |[0008] step one: acquiring a regional remote sensing image, and preprocessing to acquire wavelet data; |[0009] Step two: dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image, obtaining a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, and processing the wavelet data to obtain the seaweed type and seaweed area; |[0010] Step three: based on the seaweed type and the seaweed area, the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed is obtained. |[0011] The remote sensing measurement and calculation method comprises the following steps of preprocessing in the first step, wherein the preprocessing comprises registration processing and fusion processing; the registration process specifically includes: carrying out geometric registration on the L-band polarization data and the optical image on the regional remote sensing image to obtain a registered regional remote sensing image; the operation of the fusion process is specifically as follows: and carrying out fusion processing on the registered regional remote sensing images by using a discrete wavelet transformation method to acquire the wavelet data.|[0012] The remote sensing measuring and calculating method comprises the following specific classification rules:|[0013] when x is less than or equal to the first wavelength, the corresponding area is a first area; |[0014] When the first wavelength x is less than or equal to the second wavelength, the corresponding area is a second area; |[0015] When the second wavelength is less than x and less than or equal to the third wavelength: if the second wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the second middle wavelength, the corresponding area is a third area; if the second medium wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the third wavelength, the second medium wavelength corresponds to a fourth region of the region; |[0016] when the third wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the fourth wavelength, the corresponding region is a fifth region; |[0017] When the fourth wavelength is less than x, the corresponding area is a sixth area; |[0018] x is the band to be classified. |[0019] According to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method, the seaweed bed carbon sequestration quantity BM c is obtained through the following formula:|[0020] BMc=BM1+BM2+,...,BMn,|[0021] BM 1、BM2、...,BMn represents the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed of the n seaweeds, respectively, 1, 2. |[0022] Wherein the seaweed carbon sequestration BM is obtained by the following formula:|[0023] |[0024] BM eq is the area of seaweed, age is the time of seaweed growth, and τ is the time of recovery of seaweed density in equilibrium. |[0025] Wherein, the seaweed area BM eq is obtained by the following formula:|[0026] BMeq=Pixunit·PixSeagrass,|[0027] Pix unit is the unit pixel area, pix Seagrass is the total number of seaweed pixels, wherein, Area is the total area of the region, and Pix all is the total number of pixels in the region.|[0028] The invention provides a remote sensing measuring and calculating device for sea weed bed carbon fixation amount, which comprises the following components:|[0029] the wavelet data generation module is used for processing the regional remote sensing image to obtain wavelet data; |[0030] the seaweed data generation module is used for processing the wavelet data to obtain seaweed types and seaweed areas; |[0031] and the carbon fixation amount generation module is used for processing the seaweed data to obtain the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed. |[0032] The remote sensing measuring and calculating device as described above, the seaweed data generating module includes:|[0033] The sample distribution rule generation module is used for dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image and obtaining a sample distribution rule; |[0034] The classification rule generation module is used for constructing classification rules by utilizing the sample distribution rule; |[0035] and the seaweed type and seaweed area generating module is used for facilitating the classification rule to process the wavelet data and obtaining the seaweed type and the seaweed area. |[0036] The invention provides a remote sensing measuring and calculating device for sea weed bed carbon fixation amount, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for sea weed bed carbon fixation amount is realized when the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory.|[0037] The invention provides a computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to realize the remote sensing measurement method of the sea weed bed carbon fixation amount.|[0038] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0039] according to the remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed, provided by the invention, the wavelet data are obtained after the remote sensing image of the area is preprocessed, the seaweed type and the seaweed area are obtained by classifying and processing the wavelet data, and then the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed is obtained; |[0040] According to the remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount, registration processing is carried out on the basis of the L-band polarized data in the remote sensing image and the optical image, so that the problem that the remote sensing image is unclear due to the influence of factors such as cloud cover shielding, light refraction and lens optical distortion is solved, the characteristic value data in the regional remote sensing image can be extracted, the accuracy of seaweed data is guaranteed, and the accuracy of the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount result can be improved; |[0041] According to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the seaweed bed carbon sequestration amount, a support vector machine (Support Vecor Machine, SVM) is used for dividing a hyperplane, the distance between a calculated sample and a dot is calculated, the hyperplane result is interpolated according to the positive and negative of the result, a sample distribution rule is obtained, and a classification rule is constructed based on the result of the sample distribution rule, so that the seaweed classification accuracy can be improved, and the accuracy of the seaweed bed carbon sequestration amount result can be improved; |[0042] according to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed, provided by the invention, the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed in the target area is calculated with higher accuracy by fitting the seaweed growth curve and based on the data such as the seaweed area obtained after image processing, so that the obtained carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed has higher accuracy. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0043] The aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application.|[0044] In the drawings:|[0045] FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a remote sensing measurement method in an embodiment; |[0046] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the device in the embodiment; |[0047] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus in the embodiment. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0048] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0049] The remote sensing measurement and calculation method of the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount, see fig. 1, comprises the following operations:|[0050] step one: acquiring a regional remote sensing image, and preprocessing to acquire wavelet data; |[0051] Step two: dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image, obtaining a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, and processing the wavelet data to obtain the seaweed type and seaweed area; |[0052] Step three: based on the seaweed type and the seaweed area, the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed is obtained. |[0053] The method comprises the following steps:|[0054] 1 obtaining regional remote sensing image |[0055] In this embodiment, the applicant acquires a regional remote sensing image of the target region based on a Landsat8 OLI optical satellite remote sensing image. Specifically, a Landsat8 OLI satellite with a WRS (regional/row) band number of 121/30 is used for remote sensing image acquisition, the spatial resolution is 30m, and visible light, near infrared and middle infrared wavelengths consisting of six wave bands are used for acquisition to obtain regional remote sensing images.|[0056] 2 Acquiring wavelet data|[0057] In this embodiment, the applicant obtains wavelet data after preprocessing the above-mentioned regional remote sensing image. The preprocessing includes a registration process and a fusion process.|[0058] In the operation of registration processing, the embodiment performs geometric registration on the L-band polarized data and the optical image in the regional remote sensing image, and selects a supervised learning mode to complete the geometric registration, so that the problem that the remote sensing image is unclear due to factors such as cloud cover, light refraction, lens optical distortion and the like can be solved, data sets of all geographic regions in the regional remote sensing image have the same pixel size, and characteristic value data in the regional remote sensing image can be accurately extracted.|[0059] Next, in the operation of the fusion process, the registered images are subjected to the fusion process using a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) method, and wavelet data having the same resolution are obtained. In the fusion process, assuming a j is a finite image with n x n pixels, the DWT can decompose a two-dimensional finite decomposition image with a resolution of 2 j along the rows and columns, where j is the decomposition level, characterized by coefficients calculated by convolution with a wavelet function. A scaling function and a wavelet function are adopted to respectively and lowpassAnd high passAnd (3) carrying out continuous high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering treatment on an input wave band by combining the filters, and decomposing the wave band into different frequency bands, so as to complete the decomposition of the regional remote sensing image and obtain the wavelet data with the same resolution.|[0060] 3 Obtaining seaweed data|[0061] Firstly, dividing a remote sensing image of a hyperplane processing area, acquiring a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, then processing wavelet data with the same resolution, and finally obtaining seaweed data. The seaweed data are mainly seaweed types, distribution areas and areas.|[0062] 3.1 Obtaining sample distribution law|[0063] In order to obtain a sample distribution rule, the applicant carries out division hyperplane processing on the regional remote sensing image, so as to improve classification accuracy. In this embodiment, the applicant selects the SVM method to perform the operation of dividing the hyperplane for the regional remote sensing image.|[0064] Specifically, an initial linear equation of a regional remote sensing image for dividing a hyperplane is defined as w T x+b=0, wherein w= { w 1;w2;...;wd } is a normal vector, and is used for determining the direction of the hyperplane, d is the number of seaweed eigenvalues, X is a training sample, b is a displacement term, and the distance between the hyperplane and the origin is determined. After the normal vector w and displacement b are determined, a dividing hyperplane can be uniquely determined. Wherein the distance between any point on the dividing hyperplane and the marginal hyperplane on both sides thereofIn which a split hyperplane formula representing marginal maximization is derived using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and Lagrange's formulaWhere l is the number of support vector points, since most points do not support vector points, only the points that are individually on the marginal hyperplane are support vector points, then the method sums only those support vector points that belong to; x i is the eigenvalue of the support vector point; y i is a class label (class label) of support vector point X i; x T is an example to be tested, and the result can be obtained by knowing which class it should belong to and putting it into the above-mentioned division hyperplane formula; both α i and b 0 are single numerical parameters, resulting from the optimization algorithm mentioned above, and α i is the Lagrangian multiplier.|[0065] Every time a new test sample X appears, the new test sample X is brought into a division hyperplane formula, and classification is carried out according to the positive and negative of the result, so that a sample distribution rule can be obtained. Specifically, if the result is positive, which means that the test sample X is seaweed, further performing normal vector w interpolation processing; if the result is negative, indicating that the test sample X is not seaweed, no interpolation processing is performed.|[0066] 3.2 Construction of decision Tree Classification rules|[0067] Based on the sample distribution rule, a decision tree classification rule is constructed, and the purpose is to obtain the basis of classifying wavelet data.|[0068] The decision tree classification rules are as follows, see fig. 3, specifically:|[0069] when x is less than or equal to the first wavelength, the corresponding area is a first area; |[0070] When the first wavelength x is less than or equal to the second wavelength, the corresponding area is a second area; |[0071] When the second wavelength is less than x and less than or equal to the third wavelength: if the second wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the second middle wavelength, the corresponding area is a third area; if the second medium wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the third wavelength, the second medium wavelength corresponds to a fourth region of the region; |[0072] when the third wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the fourth wavelength, the corresponding region is a fifth region; |[0073] When the fourth wavelength is less than x, the corresponding area is a sixth area; |[0074] and x is a wave band to be classified and is a wave band for inputting a decision tree classification rule. |[0075] To facilitate understanding of the classification rules by those skilled in the art, the applicant takes temple island regions as an example, and the decision tree classification rules may be:|[0076] when x is less than or equal to 450nm, the region is sea water; |[0077] when x is more than 450 and less than or equal to 550nm, the area is seaweed; |[0078] When 550 < x is less than or equal to 700: x is more than 550 and less than or equal to 675, and the area is Japanese eel grass; 675 is less than x and less than or equal to 700, the area is the eel grass; |[0079] when x is more than 700 and less than or equal to 780nm, the area is the vine; |[0080] when x > 780nm, the region is a non-marine environment. |[0081] 3.3 Obtaining seaweed species, distribution area and area|[0082] Based on the decision tree classification rule, the wavelet data with the same resolution are classified, so that more accurate seaweed types and distribution areas in the regional remote sensing image can be obtained.|[0083] In order to further acquire the seaweed area, the applicant carries out pixel labeling processing based on the image, counts the total number of seaweed pixel points in the target area, and then calculates the seaweed area through a pixel method.|[0084] In the pixel method for calculating the seaweed area, firstly, the unit pixel area Pix unit is calculated, then the total number of the seaweed pixel points Pix Seagrass is counted, and then the product of Pix unit and Pix Seagrass is obtained to obtain the seaweed area BM eq=Pixunit·PixSeagrass. Wherein,Area represents the total area of the region, and Pix all represents the total number of pixels of the region.|[0085] 4 Obtaining the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed|[0086] The seaweed bed carbon sequestration amount refers to the amount of inorganic carbon converted to organic carbon by the seaweed bed over a specified period of time, expressed in this patent as the sum of vegetation increments over the specified period of time for different seaweeds.|[0087] 4.1 Obtaining the carbon sequestration amount of seaweed|[0088] To obtain the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed, the applicant fits a seaweed growth curve based on the above-described seaweed data to describe the growth state of the seaweed and obtain the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed.|[0089] Is used for obtaining the carbon sequestration amount of seaweed.|[0090] Wherein each seaweed growth curve is: Wherein BM is the seaweed carbon fixation amount, and BM eq is the seaweed area; age is the time of seaweed growth. |[0091] The formula describes a growth state of seaweed, the reaction is on a coordinate axis, the x-axis is time, the y-axis is corresponding seaweed carbon sequestration amount, and when the seaweed carbon sequestration amount at a certain moment of a certain seaweed needs to be calculated, the seaweed carbon sequestration amount corresponding to a seaweed growth curve can be obtained by inputting specific seaweed growth time.|[0092] Selecting according to the remote sensing image of the target area, and if the remote sensing image is selected before 1 year, the growth time is 1 year; τ is the recovery time of the density of the seaweed in the equilibrium state, and τ is obtained by averaging the number of seaweeds in different years in the seaweed bed.|[0093] The seaweed converts carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into organic carbon (carbohydrate) thereof through photosynthesis in the growth process, and is visually characterized by the change of seaweed area BMeq, the formulaThe carbon content increment of the sea weed bed per unit area in different periods of the sea weed growth process is reflected by BMeq andTo obtain the carbon sequestration amount over a specified period of the target seaweed bed.|[0094] 4.2 Obtaining the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed|[0095] According to the area of each sea weedN is the number of seaweed species, and the corresponding ages and τ, the total available seaweed bed carbon sequestration quantity BM c=BM1+BM2+,...,BMn,BM1、BM2、...,BMn represents the 1 st, 2 nd.|[0096] Taking seaweed as an example, calculating the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed in the target area within one yearAnd the carbon fixation amount of the rest n seaweeds is calculated by the same method, and the carbon fixation amount of the seaweeds bed in the target area within one year is obtained through a formula BM c=BM1+BM2+,...,BMn.|[0097] 5 Accounting for carbon fixation of seaweed bed|[0098] Based on the historical data of seaweed types, equilibrium state seaweed densities, seaweed areas, seaweed carbon fixation total amounts and the like of a target area, a fitting curve BM t is established, and the data of the curve BM t and the curve BM c in the same period and different time periods are compared linearly to obtain the accuracy rate Cor;|[0099] The higher the control accuracy Cor, the closer the ratio is to 1, the higher the reliability of the seaweed bed fixed carbon amount calculation value, and the lower the reliability is otherwise. |[0100] To verify the accuracy of the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed obtained by the method provided in this example, the applicant conducted the following experiment.|[0101] Taking temple island regions as an example, the classification processing conditions of the 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN), the small batch graph convolutional neural network (miniGCN), the CNN Enhanced Graph Convolutional Network (CEGCN) and the method provided by the embodiment (short for the embodiment) on remote sensing images of the same area are respectively simulated, and the classification precision of the 4 methods is respectively evaluated by using two parameters of Overall Accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient, and the results are shown in Table 1.|[0102] TABLE 1 class precision summary table|[0103] |[0104] As can be seen from the data in table 1, the method provided in this embodiment has higher classification accuracy than other conventional methods.|[0105] To verify the accuracy of the results of the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed obtained by the method provided in this example, the applicant calculated the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed according to the method provided in this example and 3D-CNN, miniGCN, CEGCN, respectively, and the experimental results are shown in table 2.|[0106] |[0107] |[0108] As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the carbon fixing amount of the seaweed bed obtained by the method provided by the embodiment has higher accuracy and can be widely popularized and used.|[0109] The embodiment provides a device for obtaining carbon sequestration amount of seaweed bed, referring to fig. 2, comprising:|[0110] the wavelet data generation module is used for processing the regional remote sensing image to obtain wavelet data; |[0111] the seaweed data generation module is used for processing the wavelet data to obtain seaweed types and seaweed areas; |[0112] and the carbon fixation amount generation module is used for processing the seaweed data to obtain the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed. |[0113] Wherein, seaweed data generation module includes:|[0114] The sample distribution rule generation module is used for dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image and obtaining a sample distribution rule; |[0115] the classification rule generation module is used for constructing classification rules by utilizing sample distribution rules; |[0116] and the seaweed type and seaweed area generating module is used for processing the wavelet data in favor of classification rules to obtain seaweed types and seaweed areas. |[0117] The embodiment provides a remote sensing measurement and calculation device for the carbon sequestration amount of a seaweed bed, referring to fig. 3, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed is realized when the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory.|[0118] The present embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program, where the computer program when executed by a processor implements a method for remote sensing measurement and calculation of a sea weed bed carbon sequestration amount as described above.|[0119] According to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed, provided by the embodiment, wavelet data are obtained after the remote sensing image of the area is preprocessed, the wavelet data are classified and processed to obtain seaweed types and seaweed areas, and further the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed is obtained;|[0120] According to the remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount, registration processing is carried out on the basis of L-band polarized data in the remote sensing image and the optical image, so that the problem that the remote sensing image is unclear due to the influence of factors such as cloud cover shielding, light refraction and lens optical distortion is solved, characteristic value data in the regional remote sensing image are extracted, the accuracy of seaweed data is guaranteed, and the accuracy of a seaweed bed carbon fixation amount result is improved; |[0121] according to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount, the SVM method is used for dividing the hyperplane, the distance from the calculated sample to the round point in the hyperplane is calculated, the hyperplane result is interpolated according to the positive and negative of the result, the sample distribution rule is obtained, the classification rule is constructed based on the result of the sample distribution rule, the seaweed classification precision can be improved, and the accuracy of the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount result is improved; |[0122] According to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed, the seaweed growth curve is fitted, the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed in the target area is calculated with higher accuracy based on the data such as the seaweed area obtained after image processing, and the obtained carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed has higher accuracy. |[0123] The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. | (CN115995048)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean image processing, in particular to a remote sensing measurement and calculation method, device and equipment for sea weed bed carbon fixation.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean has received increasing attention as an important carbon sink, and seaweed is one of the main ways to directly transfer carbon to marine organisms, and also one of the main ways to fix carbon in a submarine sediment (e.g. calcification of seaweed root or mass accumulation of seaweed etc. can fix carbon directly in sediment). Sea weed photosynthesis releases C0 2 into sea water by respiration while fixing a large amount of carbon.|[0003] The seaweed ecosystem is an open system and accurate determination of carbon input and carbon output is difficult. At present, for obtaining the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed mainly by detecting related indexes, the indexes comprise: the primary productivity of effective photosynthetic radiation, seaweed, suspended plants and benthic algae, predation flux, debris flux, carbon sedimentation and temperature in the seaweed bed, and the like are time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the accuracy of the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed in a large range cannot be ensured.|[0004] The appearance of the remote sensing technology can acquire large-area ocean images, the coverage area of the images can even reach thousands of square kilometers, and the remote sensing technology is utilized to acquire the ocean images, so that the method has great significance in acquiring the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed by processing the ocean images.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide a remote sensing measuring and calculating method, a device and equipment for processing satellite remote sensing images to acquire carbon sequestration amount of seaweed beds.|[0006] The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:|[0007] the invention provides a remote sensing measurement and calculation method of sea weed bed carbon fixation amount, which comprises the following operations: |[0008] step one: acquiring a regional remote sensing image, and preprocessing to acquire wavelet data; |[0009] Step two: dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image, obtaining a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, and processing the wavelet data to obtain the seaweed type and seaweed area; |[0010] Step three: based on the seaweed type and the seaweed area, the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed is obtained. |[0011] The remote sensing measurement and calculation method comprises the following steps of preprocessing in the first step, wherein the preprocessing comprises registration processing and fusion processing; the registration process specifically includes: carrying out geometric registration on the L-band polarization data and the optical image on the regional remote sensing image to obtain a registered regional remote sensing image; the operation of the fusion process is specifically as follows: and carrying out fusion processing on the registered regional remote sensing images by using a discrete wavelet transformation method to acquire the wavelet data.|[0012] The remote sensing measuring and calculating method comprises the following specific classification rules:|[0013] when x is less than or equal to the first wavelength, the corresponding area is a first area; |[0014] When the first wavelength x is less than or equal to the second wavelength, the corresponding area is a second area; |[0015] When the second wavelength is less than x and less than or equal to the third wavelength: if the second wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the second middle wavelength, the corresponding area is a third area; if the second medium wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the third wavelength, the second medium wavelength corresponds to a fourth region of the region; |[0016] when the third wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the fourth wavelength, the corresponding region is a fifth region; |[0017] When the fourth wavelength is less than x, the corresponding area is a sixth area; |[0018] x is the band to be classified. |[0019] According to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method, the seaweed bed carbon sequestration quantity BM c is obtained through the following formula:|[0020] BMc=BM1+BM2+,...,BMn,|[0021] BM 1、BM2、...,BMn represents the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed of the n seaweeds, respectively, 1, 2. |[0022] Wherein the seaweed carbon sequestration BM is obtained by the following formula:|[0023] |[0024] BM eq is the area of seaweed, age is the time of seaweed growth, and τ is the time of recovery of seaweed density in equilibrium. |[0025] Wherein, the seaweed area BM eq is obtained by the following formula:|[0026] BMeq=Pixunit·PixSeagrass,|[0027] Pix unit is the unit pixel area, pix Seagrass is the total number of seaweed pixels, wherein, Area is the total area of the region, and Pix all is the total number of pixels in the region.|[0028] The invention provides a remote sensing measuring and calculating device for sea weed bed carbon fixation amount, which comprises the following components:|[0029] the wavelet data generation module is used for processing the regional remote sensing image to obtain wavelet data; |[0030] the seaweed data generation module is used for processing the wavelet data to obtain seaweed types and seaweed areas; |[0031] and the carbon fixation amount generation module is used for processing the seaweed data to obtain the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed. |[0032] The remote sensing measuring and calculating device as described above, the seaweed data generating module includes:|[0033] The sample distribution rule generation module is used for dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image and obtaining a sample distribution rule; |[0034] The classification rule generation module is used for constructing classification rules by utilizing the sample distribution rule; |[0035] and the seaweed type and seaweed area generating module is used for facilitating the classification rule to process the wavelet data and obtaining the seaweed type and the seaweed area. |[0036] The invention provides a remote sensing measuring and calculating device for sea weed bed carbon fixation amount, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for sea weed bed carbon fixation amount is realized when the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory.|[0037] The invention provides a computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to realize the remote sensing measurement method of the sea weed bed carbon fixation amount.|[0038] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0039] according to the remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed, provided by the invention, the wavelet data are obtained after the remote sensing image of the area is preprocessed, the seaweed type and the seaweed area are obtained by classifying and processing the wavelet data, and then the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed is obtained; |[0040] According to the remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount, registration processing is carried out on the basis of the L-band polarized data in the remote sensing image and the optical image, so that the problem that the remote sensing image is unclear due to the influence of factors such as cloud cover shielding, light refraction and lens optical distortion is solved, the characteristic value data in the regional remote sensing image can be extracted, the accuracy of seaweed data is guaranteed, and the accuracy of the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount result can be improved; |[0041] According to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the seaweed bed carbon sequestration amount, a support vector machine (Support Vecor Machine, SVM) is used for dividing a hyperplane, the distance between a calculated sample and a dot is calculated, the hyperplane result is interpolated according to the positive and negative of the result, a sample distribution rule is obtained, and a classification rule is constructed based on the result of the sample distribution rule, so that the seaweed classification accuracy can be improved, and the accuracy of the seaweed bed carbon sequestration amount result can be improved; |[0042] according to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed, provided by the invention, the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed in the target area is calculated with higher accuracy by fitting the seaweed growth curve and based on the data such as the seaweed area obtained after image processing, so that the obtained carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed has higher accuracy. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0043] The aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application.|[0044] In the drawings:|[0045] FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a remote sensing measurement method in an embodiment; |[0046] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the device in the embodiment; |[0047] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus in the embodiment. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0048] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0049] The remote sensing measurement and calculation method of the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount, see fig. 1, comprises the following operations:|[0050] step one: acquiring a regional remote sensing image, and preprocessing to acquire wavelet data; |[0051] Step two: dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image, obtaining a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, and processing the wavelet data to obtain the seaweed type and seaweed area; |[0052] Step three: based on the seaweed type and the seaweed area, the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed is obtained. |[0053] The method comprises the following steps:|[0054] 1 obtaining regional remote sensing image |[0055] In this embodiment, the applicant acquires a regional remote sensing image of the target region based on a Landsat8 OLI optical satellite remote sensing image. Specifically, a Landsat8 OLI satellite with a WRS (regional/row) band number of 121/30 is used for remote sensing image acquisition, the spatial resolution is 30m, and visible light, near infrared and middle infrared wavelengths consisting of six wave bands are used for acquisition to obtain regional remote sensing images.|[0056] 2 Acquiring wavelet data|[0057] In this embodiment, the applicant obtains wavelet data after preprocessing the above-mentioned regional remote sensing image. The preprocessing includes a registration process and a fusion process.|[0058] In the operation of registration processing, the embodiment performs geometric registration on the L-band polarized data and the optical image in the regional remote sensing image, and selects a supervised learning mode to complete the geometric registration, so that the problem that the remote sensing image is unclear due to factors such as cloud cover, light refraction, lens optical distortion and the like can be solved, data sets of all geographic regions in the regional remote sensing image have the same pixel size, and characteristic value data in the regional remote sensing image can be accurately extracted.|[0059] Next, in the operation of the fusion process, the registered images are subjected to the fusion process using a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) method, and wavelet data having the same resolution are obtained. In the fusion process, assuming a j is a finite image with n x n pixels, the DWT can decompose a two-dimensional finite decomposition image with a resolution of 2 j along the rows and columns, where j is the decomposition level, characterized by coefficients calculated by convolution with a wavelet function. A scaling function and a wavelet function are adopted to respectively and lowpassAnd high passAnd (3) carrying out continuous high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering treatment on an input wave band by combining the filters, and decomposing the wave band into different frequency bands, so as to complete the decomposition of the regional remote sensing image and obtain the wavelet data with the same resolution.|[0060] 3 Obtaining seaweed data|[0061] Firstly, dividing a remote sensing image of a hyperplane processing area, acquiring a sample distribution rule, constructing a classification rule by using the sample distribution rule, then processing wavelet data with the same resolution, and finally obtaining seaweed data. The seaweed data are mainly seaweed types, distribution areas and areas.|[0062] 3.1 Obtaining sample distribution law|[0063] In order to obtain a sample distribution rule, the applicant carries out division hyperplane processing on the regional remote sensing image, so as to improve classification accuracy. In this embodiment, the applicant selects the SVM method to perform the operation of dividing the hyperplane for the regional remote sensing image.|[0064] Specifically, an initial linear equation of a regional remote sensing image for dividing a hyperplane is defined as w T x+b=0, wherein w= { w 1;w2;...;wd } is a normal vector, and is used for determining the direction of the hyperplane, d is the number of seaweed eigenvalues, X is a training sample, b is a displacement term, and the distance between the hyperplane and the origin is determined. After the normal vector w and displacement b are determined, a dividing hyperplane can be uniquely determined. Wherein the distance between any point on the dividing hyperplane and the marginal hyperplane on both sides thereofIn which a split hyperplane formula representing marginal maximization is derived using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and Lagrange's formulaWhere l is the number of support vector points, since most points do not support vector points, only the points that are individually on the marginal hyperplane are support vector points, then the method sums only those support vector points that belong to; x i is the eigenvalue of the support vector point; y i is a class label (class label) of support vector point X i; x T is an example to be tested, and the result can be obtained by knowing which class it should belong to and putting it into the above-mentioned division hyperplane formula; both α i and b 0 are single numerical parameters, resulting from the optimization algorithm mentioned above, and α i is the Lagrangian multiplier.|[0065] Every time a new test sample X appears, the new test sample X is brought into a division hyperplane formula, and classification is carried out according to the positive and negative of the result, so that a sample distribution rule can be obtained. Specifically, if the result is positive, which means that the test sample X is seaweed, further performing normal vector w interpolation processing; if the result is negative, indicating that the test sample X is not seaweed, no interpolation processing is performed.|[0066] 3.2 Construction of decision Tree Classification rules|[0067] Based on the sample distribution rule, a decision tree classification rule is constructed, and the purpose is to obtain the basis of classifying wavelet data.|[0068] The decision tree classification rules are as follows, see fig. 3, specifically:|[0069] when x is less than or equal to the first wavelength, the corresponding area is a first area; |[0070] When the first wavelength x is less than or equal to the second wavelength, the corresponding area is a second area; |[0071] When the second wavelength is less than x and less than or equal to the third wavelength: if the second wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the second middle wavelength, the corresponding area is a third area; if the second medium wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the third wavelength, the second medium wavelength corresponds to a fourth region of the region; |[0072] when the third wavelength is more than x and less than or equal to the fourth wavelength, the corresponding region is a fifth region; |[0073] When the fourth wavelength is less than x, the corresponding area is a sixth area; |[0074] and x is a wave band to be classified and is a wave band for inputting a decision tree classification rule. |[0075] To facilitate understanding of the classification rules by those skilled in the art, the applicant takes temple island regions as an example, and the decision tree classification rules may be:|[0076] when x is less than or equal to 450nm, the region is sea water; |[0077] when x is more than 450 and less than or equal to 550nm, the area is seaweed; |[0078] When 550 < x is less than or equal to 700: x is more than 550 and less than or equal to 675, and the area is Japanese eel grass; 675 is less than x and less than or equal to 700, the area is the eel grass; |[0079] when x is more than 700 and less than or equal to 780nm, the area is the vine; |[0080] when x > 780nm, the region is a non-marine environment. |[0081] 3.3 Obtaining seaweed species, distribution area and area|[0082] Based on the decision tree classification rule, the wavelet data with the same resolution are classified, so that more accurate seaweed types and distribution areas in the regional remote sensing image can be obtained.|[0083] In order to further acquire the seaweed area, the applicant carries out pixel labeling processing based on the image, counts the total number of seaweed pixel points in the target area, and then calculates the seaweed area through a pixel method.|[0084] In the pixel method for calculating the seaweed area, firstly, the unit pixel area Pix unit is calculated, then the total number of the seaweed pixel points Pix Seagrass is counted, and then the product of Pix unit and Pix Seagrass is obtained to obtain the seaweed area BM eq=Pixunit·PixSeagrass. Wherein,Area represents the total area of the region, and Pix all represents the total number of pixels of the region.|[0085] 4 Obtaining the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed|[0086] The seaweed bed carbon sequestration amount refers to the amount of inorganic carbon converted to organic carbon by the seaweed bed over a specified period of time, expressed in this patent as the sum of vegetation increments over the specified period of time for different seaweeds.|[0087] 4.1 Obtaining the carbon sequestration amount of seaweed|[0088] To obtain the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed, the applicant fits a seaweed growth curve based on the above-described seaweed data to describe the growth state of the seaweed and obtain the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed.|[0089] Is used for obtaining the carbon sequestration amount of seaweed.|[0090] Wherein each seaweed growth curve is: Wherein BM is the seaweed carbon fixation amount, and BM eq is the seaweed area; age is the time of seaweed growth. |[0091] The formula describes a growth state of seaweed, the reaction is on a coordinate axis, the x-axis is time, the y-axis is corresponding seaweed carbon sequestration amount, and when the seaweed carbon sequestration amount at a certain moment of a certain seaweed needs to be calculated, the seaweed carbon sequestration amount corresponding to a seaweed growth curve can be obtained by inputting specific seaweed growth time.|[0092] Selecting according to the remote sensing image of the target area, and if the remote sensing image is selected before 1 year, the growth time is 1 year; τ is the recovery time of the density of the seaweed in the equilibrium state, and τ is obtained by averaging the number of seaweeds in different years in the seaweed bed.|[0093] The seaweed converts carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into organic carbon (carbohydrate) thereof through photosynthesis in the growth process, and is visually characterized by the change of seaweed area BMeq, the formulaThe carbon content increment of the sea weed bed per unit area in different periods of the sea weed growth process is reflected by BMeq andTo obtain the carbon sequestration amount over a specified period of the target seaweed bed.|[0094] 4.2 Obtaining the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed|[0095] According to the area of each sea weedN is the number of seaweed species, and the corresponding ages and τ, the total available seaweed bed carbon sequestration quantity BM c=BM1+BM2+,...,BMn,BM1、BM2、...,BMn represents the 1 st, 2 nd.|[0096] Taking seaweed as an example, calculating the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed in the target area within one yearAnd the carbon fixation amount of the rest n seaweeds is calculated by the same method, and the carbon fixation amount of the seaweeds bed in the target area within one year is obtained through a formula BM c=BM1+BM2+,...,BMn.|[0097] 5 Accounting for carbon fixation of seaweed bed|[0098] Based on the historical data of seaweed types, equilibrium state seaweed densities, seaweed areas, seaweed carbon fixation total amounts and the like of a target area, a fitting curve BM t is established, and the data of the curve BM t and the curve BM c in the same period and different time periods are compared linearly to obtain the accuracy rate Cor;|[0099] The higher the control accuracy Cor, the closer the ratio is to 1, the higher the reliability of the seaweed bed fixed carbon amount calculation value, and the lower the reliability is otherwise. |[0100] To verify the accuracy of the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed obtained by the method provided in this example, the applicant conducted the following experiment.|[0101] Taking temple island regions as an example, the classification processing conditions of the 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN), the small batch graph convolutional neural network (miniGCN), the CNN Enhanced Graph Convolutional Network (CEGCN) and the method provided by the embodiment (short for the embodiment) on remote sensing images of the same area are respectively simulated, and the classification precision of the 4 methods is respectively evaluated by using two parameters of Overall Accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient, and the results are shown in Table 1.|[0102] TABLE 1 class precision summary table|[0103] |[0104] As can be seen from the data in table 1, the method provided in this embodiment has higher classification accuracy than other conventional methods.|[0105] To verify the accuracy of the results of the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed obtained by the method provided in this example, the applicant calculated the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed according to the method provided in this example and 3D-CNN, miniGCN, CEGCN, respectively, and the experimental results are shown in table 2.|[0106] |[0107] |[0108] As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the carbon fixing amount of the seaweed bed obtained by the method provided by the embodiment has higher accuracy and can be widely popularized and used.|[0109] The embodiment provides a device for obtaining carbon sequestration amount of seaweed bed, referring to fig. 2, comprising:|[0110] the wavelet data generation module is used for processing the regional remote sensing image to obtain wavelet data; |[0111] the seaweed data generation module is used for processing the wavelet data to obtain seaweed types and seaweed areas; |[0112] and the carbon fixation amount generation module is used for processing the seaweed data to obtain the carbon fixation amount of the seaweed bed. |[0113] Wherein, seaweed data generation module includes:|[0114] The sample distribution rule generation module is used for dividing the hyperplane to process the regional remote sensing image and obtaining a sample distribution rule; |[0115] the classification rule generation module is used for constructing classification rules by utilizing sample distribution rules; |[0116] and the seaweed type and seaweed area generating module is used for processing the wavelet data in favor of classification rules to obtain seaweed types and seaweed areas. |[0117] The embodiment provides a remote sensing measurement and calculation device for the carbon sequestration amount of a seaweed bed, referring to fig. 3, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed is realized when the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory.|[0118] The present embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program, where the computer program when executed by a processor implements a method for remote sensing measurement and calculation of a sea weed bed carbon sequestration amount as described above.|[0119] According to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed, provided by the embodiment, wavelet data are obtained after the remote sensing image of the area is preprocessed, the wavelet data are classified and processed to obtain seaweed types and seaweed areas, and further the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed is obtained;|[0120] According to the remote sensing measurement and calculation method for the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount, registration processing is carried out on the basis of L-band polarized data in the remote sensing image and the optical image, so that the problem that the remote sensing image is unclear due to the influence of factors such as cloud cover shielding, light refraction and lens optical distortion is solved, characteristic value data in the regional remote sensing image are extracted, the accuracy of seaweed data is guaranteed, and the accuracy of a seaweed bed carbon fixation amount result is improved; |[0121] according to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount, the SVM method is used for dividing the hyperplane, the distance from the calculated sample to the round point in the hyperplane is calculated, the hyperplane result is interpolated according to the positive and negative of the result, the sample distribution rule is obtained, the classification rule is constructed based on the result of the sample distribution rule, the seaweed classification precision can be improved, and the accuracy of the seaweed bed carbon fixation amount result is improved; |[0122] According to the remote sensing measuring and calculating method for the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed, the seaweed growth curve is fitted, the carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed in the target area is calculated with higher accuracy based on the data such as the seaweed area obtained after image processing, and the obtained carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed has higher accuracy. |[0123] The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. | Family Number|(104648993)|104648993|Abstract|(CN115995048B B)|The invention discloses a remote sensing measurement and calculation method , device and equipment for the carbon sequestration amount of a seaweed bed , and the method comprises the following steps : 1, obtaining a regional remote sensing image , and carrying out the preprocessing , thereby obtaining wavelet data ; 2, hyperplane division is carried out to process the regional remote sensing image , a sample distribution rule is obtained , a classification rule is constructed by using the sample distribution rule , the wavelet data is processed , and the sea grass type and the sea grass area are obtained ; and step 3, obtaining the carbon sequestration amount of the sea grass bed based on the sea grass type and the sea grass area . According to the method , the wavelet data are obtained after the regional remote sensing image is preprocessed , the wavelet data are classified and processed to obtain the sea grass data , then the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount is obtained , time and labor are saved , the situation that the precision of the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount is reduced due to tedious steps is avoided , and in addition , the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount in a large - range ocean can be obtained . And the obtained carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed has relatively high accuracy . |Title|(CN115995048 A)|Remote sensing measurement and calculation method , device and equipment for carbon sequestration amount of seaweed bed | | Computer technology | G06T-005/10|G06T-007/30|G06T-007/62|G06V-010/764|G06V-010/80|G06V-020/13 | G06T-005/10|G06T-007/30|G06T-007/62|G06V-010/764|G06V-010/80|G06V-020/13 | CN118552871B | CN118552871B 111216618 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN113933450|CN111488902|CN110608727|JP2019024377|CN107103306|CN115082273|CN105528619 | CN113933450 98234512 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN111488902 90020739 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN110608727 87076774 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|JP2019024377 83463840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN107103306 77109145 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN115082273 101844083 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN105528619 72765255 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 杨熙 等: "海南黎安港海草床碳储量评估", 海洋科学, vol. 46, no. 11, pages 116 - 118 (Cat. Y,A)|张传雷 等: "基于图像分析的植物及其病虫害识别方法研究", 北京:中国经济出版社, pages: 310 - 312 (Cat. A)|程璐: "面向对象结合支持向量机(SVM)在露天矿区信息提取中的应用研究", 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技I辑, 15 December 2017 (2017-12-15) (Cat. A)|海南黎安港海草床碳储量评估;杨熙 等;海洋科学;第46卷(第11期);第116-118页 (Cat. Y)|杨熙 等.海南黎安港海草床碳储量评估.海洋科学.2022,第46卷(第11期),第116-118页. | CN107103306; JP2019024377; CN110608727; CN111488902; CN113933450; CN105528619; CN115082273 | (CN115995048)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-MASHORENG, S ET AL: "Cultivated seaweed carbon sequestration capacity", IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, 31 December 2019 (2019-12-31), pages 310 - 312| | GRANTED | (CN115995048)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN115995048)|ALIVE | (CN115995048)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN115995048|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-03-23|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-03-23|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202310286495|Application date=2023-03-23|Standardized application number=2023CN-0286495|Event publication date=2023-04-21|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115995048|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-04-21|Standardized publication number=CN115995048|Event publication date=2023-04-21|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-05-09|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2024-07-02|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115995048|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2024-07-02|Standardized publication number=CN115995048B|Event publication date=2024-07-02|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN115995048)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoR4LrOdI+S/Txj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000073379552&ekey=2135&xpn=CN115995048B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=2tiDD1jfktLQc%252Fkv4EErOrmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN115995048)|CN|(CN115995048)|CN | (CN115995048)|NAME=SHANDONG MARINE RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SHANDONG MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER, SHANDONG AQUATIC PRODUCTS QUALITY INSPECTION CENTER) , COUNTRY=CN|(CN115995048)|NAME=SHANDONG MARINE RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SHANDONG MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER, SHANDONG AQUATIC PRODUCTS QUALITY INSPECTION CENTER) , COUNTRY=CN | (CN115995048)|NAME=WANG YUXUAN;BEIJING BRIGHT & RIGHT LAW FIRM , REG=11302|(CN115995048)|NAME=WANG YUXUAN;BEIJING BRIGHT & RIGHT LAW FIRM , REG=11302 | (CN115995048)|NAME=QIN HUAWEI|NAME=LIU ZHAOWEI|NAME=MA YUANQING|NAME=LI MINGLIANG|NAME=XIN RONGYU|NAME=ZHANG MINGLIANG|NAME=ZHAO YUTING|NAME=GU WEILI|NAME=SU BO|NAME=HE JIANLONG|(CN115995048)|NAME=QIN HUAWEI|NAME=LIU ZHAOWEI|NAME=MA YUANQING|NAME=LI MINGLIANG|NAME=XIN RONGYU|NAME=ZHANG MINGLIANG|NAME=ZHAO YUTING|NAME=GU WEILI|NAME=SU BO|NAME=HE JIANLONG | Titre: (CN115995048)|Remote sensing measurement and calculation method, device and equipment for sea weed bed carbon fixation amount Résumé: (CN115995048)|The invention discloses a remote sensing measurement and calculation method, device and equipment for the carbon sequestration amount of a seaweed bed, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining a regional remote sensing image, and carrying out the preprocessing, thereby obtaining wavelet data; 2, hyperplane division is carried out to process the regional remote sensing image, a sample distribution rule is obtained, a classification rule is constructed by using the sample distribution rule, the wavelet data is processed, and the sea grass type and the sea grass area are obtained; and step 3, obtaining the carbon sequestration amount of the sea grass bed based on the sea grass type and the sea grass area. According to the method, the wavelet data are obtained after the regional remote sensing image is preprocessed, the wavelet data are classified and processed to obtain the sea grass data, then the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount is obtained, time and labor are saved, the situation that the precision of the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount is reduced due to tedious steps is avoided, and in addition, the sea grass bed carbon sequestration amount in a large-range ocean can be obtained. And the obtained carbon sequestration amount of the seaweed bed has relatively high accuracy. | 14.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on measuring carbon sequestration in seaweed beds, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 7.0 | 1.0 | (CN115995048)|1 | (CN115995048)|3 | (CN115995048)|4|(CN115995048)|10 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN115995048)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN115995048)|Number of Claims: NCL=4|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-07-02|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-2701|Number of Pages: NPAGES=14|Primary examiner: 李雯雯|Primary examiner: Li Wenwen||(CN115995048)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-04-21|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-1602|Number of Pages: NPAGES=13|Primary examiner: 李雯雯|Primary examiner: Li Wenwen| | (CN115995048)|Previous publication: CN115995048 A 2023-04-21 [CN115995048] | (CN115995048)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN115995048B)|Patent|(CN115995048)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||
| 26 | CN202510403643 | CN202510403643 | CN120169120 | 114975832 | CN120169120 A 2025-06-20 [CN120169120] | 2025-04-01 | 2025-04-01 | 2025-06-20 | (CN120169120)|2045-04-01 | (CN120169120)|Marine carbon sequestration method | (CN120169120)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, and discloses an ocean carbon sequestration method which comprises the following steps: 1) providing a washing structure on the sea surface, the washing structure comprises a box body, a honeycomb plate and honeycomb holes are arranged in the box body, and the box body is provided with an exhaust pipe, a drainage pipe, an air inlet and a water inlet; a spiral pipe is arranged in the box body and is provided with an exhaust port; (2) external seawater is injected into the box body through a water inlet, combustion flue gas is washed, carbon dioxide is absorbed, decarbonized flue gas is formed after washing, and seawater in the box body is formed by the external seawater obtained after the combustion flue gas is washed; (3) the decarburized flue gas is discharged upwards through an exhaust pipe, and seawater in the box is discharged downwards into the sea through a drainage pipe; by arranging the multiple layers of honeycomb plates and the spiral pipe in the box body, combustion flue gas is baffled and diffused for multiple times in the box body, so that the contact area and the contact time of the combustion flue gas and seawater can be greatly increased, and the problem of relatively low treatment efficiency caused by insufficient contact is effectively solved; and efficient absorption and storage of carbon dioxide are realized. | INSTITUTE OF ROCK & SOIL MECHANICE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES|PKU HKUST SHENZHEN HONGKONG INSTITUTION|SHENZHEN GONGKAN GEOTECHNICAL | (CN120169120)|SHENZHEN GONGKAN GEOTECHNICAL GROUP CO. LTD. ([CN])|PKU-HKUST SHENZHEN-HONGKONG INSTITUTION|INSTITUTE OF ROCK & SOIL MECHANICE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | LEI BIN|TONG XIN|LI XIAYING|WU DI|LI HONGBO|SHENG LIYUAN|LI BIN|DU ZICHUN | (CN120169120)|LEI BIN|TONG XIN|LI XIAYING|WU DI|LI HONGBO|SHENG LIYUAN|LI BIN|DU ZICHUN | (CN120169120)|ZHOU TING;SHENZHEN INPRE PATENT AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 44356|JIANG WENXIN;SHENZHEN INPRE PATENT AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 44356 | (CN120169120)|Compared with the prior art, the ocean carbon sequestration method provided by the invention has the following advantages:|The ocean carbon sequestration method provided by the invention has the following advantages:| | (CN120169120)|1. The marine carbon sequestration method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) The washing structure comprises a box body, wherein a plurality of layers of honeycomb plates are arranged in the box body, a plurality of honeycomb holes which are vertically and penetratingly arranged are formed in the honeycomb plates, and the layers of honeycomb plates are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the box body; The top of the box body is connected with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is communicated with the upper cavity, the bottom of the box body is connected with a drain pipe inserted into seawater, and the drain pipe is communicated with the lower cavity; the box body is internally provided with a coiled pipe which is communicated with the air inlet, the coiled pipe spirals upwards from a lower cavity, passes through a plurality of honeycomb plates and passes through a middle interval; the spiral pipe is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports, and the exhaust ports are communicated with the lower cavity and the middle part at intervals; 2) Injecting external seawater into the box body from top to bottom through the water inlet, washing the combustion flue gas in the process that the external seawater flows from the upper cavity to the lower cavity, absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas, forming decarburization flue gas by the washed combustion flue gas, and forming seawater in the box by the external seawater after washing the combustion flue gas; 3) And the decarbonization flue gas is discharged upwards through an exhaust pipe, and seawater in the box is discharged downwards into the sea through a drain pipe. | | (CN120169120)|The invention aims to provide a marine carbon sequestration method, which aims to solve the problem of low carbon dioxide treatment efficiency in the prior art.|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sealing and storing, and discloses a marine carbon sealing and storing method which comprises the following steps of 1) providing a washing structure on the sea surface, comprising a box body, wherein a honeycomb plate and honeycomb holes are arranged in the box body, the box body is provided with an exhaust pipe, a drain pipe, an air inlet and a water inlet, a coil pipe is arranged in the box body, the coil pipe is provided with an air outlet, 2) injecting external seawater into the box body through the water inlet, washing combustion flue gas and absorbing carbon dioxide, forming decarburization flue gas after washing, forming seawater in the box body from the external seawater after washing the combustion flue gas, 3) discharging the decarburization flue gas upwards from the exhaust pipe, and discharging the seawater in the box body downwards from the drain pipe into the sea.|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration, in particular to a marine carbon sequestration method.| | (CN120169120)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,19)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,12)|SEAWATER(76,46)|MARINE CARBON SEALING(67,2)|DECARBURIZATION FLUE GAS(64,5)|HONEYCOMB PANEL(61,17)|HONEYCOMB PLATE(55,15)|BIFURCATION PIPE(55,5)|COILED PIPE(54,11)|COIL PIPE(52,2)|HONEYCOMB HOLE(48,5)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(45,29)|COMBUSTION FUME(44,2)|DIVIDING MESH(43,3)|EXHAUST HOLE(42,14)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(42,6)|WASHING COMBUSTION(38,2)|EXHAUST PIPE(35,12)|ABSORBING CARBON DIOXIDE(35,3)|DECARBONIZATION FLUE GAS(35,2)|SPIRAL PIPE(34,2)|DRAIN PIPE(33,22)|WASHING COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(32,2)|RECIPROCATING SWINGING(31,2)|FLUE GAS(30,49)|WASHED COMBUSTION(30,3)|WATER INLET(29,7)|DRAINING SEAWATER(29,3)|FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE LAYER(29,3)|INTERIOR CHAMBER(29,3)|SEA(28,14)|DRAINAGE PIPE(28,1)|WASHED COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(26,3)|WASHING STRUCTURE(24,24)|MIDDLE INTERVAL(24,5)|SPIRAL SHAPE(23,9)|FLOATING SPACE(23,2)|ELASTIC BELT(22,9)|SEAWATER FLOW(22,3)|AIR INLET(21,7)|AIR BAG RING(21,6)|EXHAUST PORT(21,6)|DIVIDING HOLE(19,2)|INNER CAVITY(18,12)|UPPER CAVITY(18,10)|SUSPENSION INTERVAL(18,3)|WASHING STRUCTURE FLOATING(17,5)|OSCILLATION ANGLE(16,2)|INNER SECTION(14,20)|CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENT(14,3)|ELASTIC BAND(14,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE(13,25)|OCEAN ECOLOGY BALANCE(13,2)|ADJACENT BLADDER RING(13,1)|OUTER SECTION(11,20)|FLAT INTERNAL CAVITY(11,2)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION FEASIBILITY(11,2)|OUTER PERIPHERY(11,2)|AIR OUTLET(11,1)|HEIGHT DIRECTION(10,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(10,2)|SEAWATER NATURAL WASHING CAPABILITY(10,2)|UPPER HOLE(9,6)|DIVISION(9,5)|FLOATING INTERVAL(9,4)|WASHING STRUCTURE SWINGING ANGLE(9,2)|ELASTIC WEBBING PINNING(9,1)|ADJACENT SUSPENSION PLATE(7,2)|OCEAN BUFFERING CAPACITY(7,2)|UPPER CHAMBER(7,2)|SCATTERED SEAWATER(7,1)|STRENGTHENED DRAINAGE(7,1)|DRAIN END(6,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(6,4)|DRAINAGE END(6,3)|SEA SURFACE(5,17)|BIFURCATION SETTING(5,1)|CIRCUMFERENTIAL INTERVAL(5,1)|EXPAND DIFFUSION(5,1)|MIXING SEAWATER(5,1)|TRANSVERSE DIRECTION(5,1)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(4,5)|ABSORBENT(4,2)|ECONOMY(4,2)|COILED TUBE(4,1)|DEMONSTRATION(4,1)|DIVIDER ARRANGEMENT(4,1)|DOWNWARD INCLINATION MODE(4,1)|FLEXIBLE FLOATING(4,1)|FLEXIBLE RETE(4,1)|GASBAG RING(4,1)|MIDDLE SPACER(4,1)|INSUFFICIENT CONTACT(3,3)|ADSORBENT(3,1)|ADSORPTION(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE REGENERATION(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL(3,1)|CONTACT OPPORTUNITY(3,1)| | (CN120169120)|1. The marine carbon sequestration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:| 1) The washing structure comprises a box body, wherein a plurality of layers of honeycomb plates are arranged in the box body, a plurality of honeycomb holes which are vertically and penetratingly arranged are formed in the honeycomb plates, and the layers of honeycomb plates are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the box body; | The top of the box body is connected with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is communicated with the upper cavity, the bottom of the box body is connected with a drain pipe inserted into seawater, and the drain pipe is communicated with the lower cavity; the box body is internally provided with a coiled pipe which is communicated with the air inlet, the coiled pipe spirals upwards from a lower cavity, passes through a plurality of honeycomb plates and passes through a middle interval; | the spiral pipe is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports, and the exhaust ports are communicated with the lower cavity and the middle part at intervals; | 2) Injecting external seawater into the box body from top to bottom through the water inlet, washing the combustion flue gas in the process that the external seawater flows from the upper cavity to the lower cavity, absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas, forming decarburization flue gas by the washed combustion flue gas, and forming seawater in the box by the external seawater after washing the combustion flue gas; | 3) And the decarbonization flue gas is discharged upwards through an exhaust pipe, and seawater in the box is discharged downwards into the sea through a drain pipe. |2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1), the coiled pipe has an inner section penetrating the honeycomb panel, the inner section is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the inner section is arranged in a spiral shape along the honeycomb panel, and the combustion flue gas flows through the inner section in a spiral shape along the inner section, and permeates into the honeycomb panel through the plurality of exhaust holes.|3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the coiled pipe has an outer section penetrating through the middle space, the outer section is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the outer section is arranged in a spiral shape along the middle space, and the combustion flue gas flows through the outer section in a spiral shape along the outer section, and permeates into the outer section through the plurality of exhaust holes.|4. A method of sequestration of marine carbon according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step 1) the central portion of the honeycomb panel is provided with flat internal cavities laid flat along the transverse direction of the honeycomb panel, the honeycomb holes comprising upper holes formed in the upper portion of the honeycomb panel and lower holes formed in the lower portion of the honeycomb panel, and wherein in step 2) the external seawater passes through the upper holes, the internal cavities and the lower holes in this order.|5. The marine carbon sequestration process of claim 2, wherein in step 1) the inner section is swirled in an inner cavity, and combustion fumes in the inner section are exhausted into the inner cavity through a plurality of exhaust holes, mixing with external seawater passing through the inner cavity.|6. The method of claim 4, wherein in step 1) a flexible membrane layer is provided in the interior chamber, the outer periphery of the flexible membrane layer being connected to the inner side wall of the interior chamber, and in step 2) the flexible membrane layer is in flexible float during mixing of the external seawater and combustion fumes in the interior chamber.|7. A method of sequestration of marine carbon according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein a dividing mesh is provided in the middle of the upper chamber, wherein a plurality of dividing holes are provided in the dividing mesh, and wherein in step 2) the external seawater is dispersed in a dispersed state as it passes through the dividing mesh from top to bottom in the upper chamber.|8. A method for sealing off marine carbon according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step 1), the bottom of the drain pipe is provided with a drain end for draining seawater in the tank, the periphery of the drain end is provided with a plurality of suspension plates, the plurality of suspension plates are circumferentially arranged at intervals along the circumference of the drain pipe, and suspension intervals are arranged between adjacent suspension plates;| In the step 1), after the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the drain pipe is inserted into the sea, and the plurality of suspension plates are adjusted in a reciprocating manner up and down along with the floating of the washing structure on the sea surface, so that the swing angle of the washing structure is within a set range. |9. The marine carbon sequestration process of claim 8, wherein the drainage end is connected with a plurality of bifurcation pipes, the plurality of bifurcation pipes are arranged in a downward inclined radial manner with the drainage end as a center, and in the step 3), seawater in the tank in the drainage pipe is divergently discharged into the sea through the plurality of bifurcation pipes.|10. A method of marine carbon sequestration as in any of claims 1-3 wherein in step 1) the perimeter of the tank is provided with a plurality of bladder rings nested around the perimeter of the tank with floating spaces between adjacent bladder rings, the floating spaces being provided with a plurality of elastic bands surrounding the perimeter of the tank, adjacent bladder rings being integrally connected by elastic bands;| When the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the plurality of air bag rings are adjusted in a reciprocating swinging way along with the floating of the washing structure on the sea surface, and the box body is held by the plurality of elastic belts, so that the swinging angle of the washing structure is in a set range. | (CN120169120)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration, in particular to a marine carbon sequestration method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean carbon sequestration technology is one of the important research directions in recent years for coping with climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and the ocean is the largest carbon reservoir on earth and has huge carbon sequestration potential.|[0003] Most of the current ocean carbon sequestration technologies remain in the research and demonstration stage, and how to efficiently fix and sequester carbon dioxide in combustion flue gases is a challenge.|[0004] In the prior art, carbon dioxide in combustion flue gas is typically treated by chemical absorption, adsorption or physical separation methods. However, the adsorbent has a limited capacity and insufficient contact, resulting in low efficiency in the treatment of carbon dioxide.|[0005] Also, conventional carbon dioxide treatment techniques (e.g., chemical absorption) require higher energy consumption to effect separation and regeneration of carbon dioxide, e.g., regeneration of the absorbent in chemical absorption requires a large amount of heat, which not only increases energy costs but also reduces reliability and operability.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The invention aims to provide a marine carbon sequestration method, which aims to solve the problem of low carbon dioxide treatment efficiency in the prior art.|[0007] The invention is realized in such a way that the marine carbon sequestration method comprises the following steps:|[0008] 1) The washing structure comprises a box body, wherein a plurality of layers of honeycomb plates are arranged in the box body, a plurality of honeycomb holes which are vertically and penetratingly arranged are formed in the honeycomb plates, and the layers of honeycomb plates are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the box body; |[0009] The top of the box body is connected with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is communicated with the upper cavity, the bottom of the box body is connected with a drain pipe inserted into seawater, and the drain pipe is communicated with the lower cavity; the box body is internally provided with a coiled pipe which is communicated with the air inlet, the coiled pipe spirals upwards from a lower cavity, passes through a plurality of honeycomb plates and passes through a middle interval; |[0010] the spiral pipe is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports, and the exhaust ports are communicated with the lower cavity and the middle part at intervals; |[0011] 2) Injecting external seawater into the box body from top to bottom through the water inlet, washing the combustion flue gas in the process that the external seawater flows from the upper cavity to the lower cavity, absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas, forming decarburization flue gas by the washed combustion flue gas, and forming seawater in the box by the external seawater after washing the combustion flue gas; |[0012] 3) And the decarbonization flue gas is discharged upwards through an exhaust pipe, and seawater in the box is discharged downwards into the sea through a drain pipe. |[0013] Further, in the step 1), the coiled pipe is provided with an inner section penetrating through the honeycomb panel, the inner section is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the inner section is arranged in a spiral shape along the honeycomb panel, and the combustion flue gas flows in a spiral manner along the inner section in the process of flowing through the inner section, and permeates into the honeycomb panel through the exhaust holes.|[0014] Further, in the step 1), the coiled pipe is provided with an outer section penetrating through the middle interval, the outer section is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the outer section is arranged in a spiral shape along the middle interval, and the combustion flue gas flows in a spiral manner along the outer section in the process of flowing through the outer section, and permeates into the outer section through the plurality of exhaust holes.|[0015] Further, in the step 1), a flat internal cavity is arranged in the middle of the honeycomb plate, the internal cavity is horizontally tiled along the honeycomb plate, the honeycomb holes comprise an upper hole formed in the upper part of the honeycomb plate and a lower hole formed in the lower part of the honeycomb plate, and in the step 2), the external seawater sequentially passes through the upper hole, the internal cavity and the lower hole in the process of passing through the honeycomb plate.|[0016] Further, in the step 1), the inner section is spirally arranged in the inner cavity, and the combustion flue gas in the inner section is discharged into the inner cavity through a plurality of exhaust holes to be mixed with the external seawater passing through the inner cavity.|[0017] Further, in the step 1), a floating flexible film layer is arranged in the inner cavity, the periphery of the flexible film layer is connected to the inner side wall of the inner cavity, and in the step 2), the flexible film layer is in flexible floating in the process of mixing the external seawater and the combustion flue gas in the inner cavity.|[0018] In the step 2), when the external seawater passes through the dividing net from top to bottom in the upper cavity, the external seawater is scattered to be in a scattered flow shape.|[0019] Further, in the step 1), the bottom of the drain pipe is provided with a drain end for draining seawater in the tank, the periphery of the drain end is provided with a plurality of suspension plates, the suspension plates are circumferentially arranged along the circumferential interval of the drain pipe, and suspension intervals are arranged between adjacent suspension plates;|[0020] In the step 1), after the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the drain pipe is inserted into the sea, and the plurality of suspension plates are adjusted in a reciprocating manner up and down along with the floating of the washing structure on the sea surface, so that the swing angle of the washing structure is within a set range. |[0021] Further, the drainage end is connected with a plurality of bifurcation pipes, a plurality of bifurcation pipes take the drainage end as the center, and are arranged in a radial mode in a downward inclination mode, and in the step 3), seawater in the tank in the drain pipe is discharged into the sea in a divergent mode through the bifurcation pipes.|[0022] Further, in the step 1), a plurality of air bag rings are arranged on the periphery of the box body, the plurality of air bag rings are nested and arranged around the periphery of the box body, floating intervals are arranged between the adjacent air bag rings, a plurality of elastic belts are arranged at the floating intervals, the plurality of elastic belts encircle the periphery of the box body at intervals, and the adjacent air bag rings are connected into a whole through the elastic belts;|[0023] When the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the plurality of air bag rings are adjusted in a reciprocating swinging way along with the floating of the washing structure on the sea surface, and the box body is held by the plurality of elastic belts, so that the swinging angle of the washing structure is in a set range. |[0024] Compared with the prior art, the ocean carbon sequestration method provided by the invention has the following advantages:|[0025] 1) The multi-layer honeycomb plates and the coiled tubes are arranged in the box body, so that the combustion flue gas is subjected to multi-time baffling and diffusion in the box body, the contact area and the contact time of the combustion flue gas and seawater can be greatly increased, the problem of low treatment efficiency caused by insufficient contact is effectively solved, and the efficient absorption and sealing of carbon dioxide are realized; |[0026] 2) The natural washing capability of the seawater is utilized, the seawater is used as an absorbent, the ocean resources are fully utilized, no additional chemical reagent or complex regeneration process is needed, the energy consumption cost is reduced, meanwhile, the technical process is simplified, and the economy and feasibility of the ocean carbon sequestration method are improved; |[0027] 3) The whole washing structure floats on the sea surface, is easy to install and maintain, is suitable for long-term operation in a marine environment, has good adaptability and reliability, and reduces maintenance cost and operation difficulty; |[0028] 4) The seawater absorbs the carbon dioxide and then is directly discharged into the ocean, and the natural circulation and buffering capacity of the ocean are utilized to safely seal the carbon dioxide, so that the aim of sealing the carbon is fulfilled, a stable carbon source is provided for an ocean ecological system, and the balance of ocean ecology is promoted. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0029] FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a marine carbon sequestration process provided by the present invention;|[0030] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the case provided by the present invention; |[0031] FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of the internal cavity provided by the present invention; |[0032] FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a drain end provided by the present invention; |[0033] in the figure, a box body 100, an upper cavity 101, a lower cavity 102, an exhaust pipe 103, a drain pipe 104, an air inlet 105, a dividing net 106, a water inlet 107, an air bag ring 108 and an elastic belt 109; |[0034] Honeycomb panel 200, middle spacer 201, inner cavity 202, upper hole 203, lower hole 204, coil 205, inner section 206, outer section 207, flexible membrane 208; |[0035] A drainage end 300, a suspension plate 301, a suspension space 302, an elastic ring 303, and a bifurcation 304. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0036] The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.|[0037] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.|[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and that the specific meaning of the terms described above may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.|[0039] Referring to fig. 1-4, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided.|[0040] The marine carbon sequestration method comprises the following steps:|[0041] 1) Providing a washing structure floating on the sea surface, wherein the washing structure comprises a box body 100, a plurality of layers of honeycomb plates 200 are arranged in the box body 100, a plurality of honeycomb holes which are vertically and penetratingly arranged are arranged in the honeycomb plates 200, and the plurality of layers of honeycomb plates 200 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the box body 100; |[0042] The top of the box body 100 is connected with an exhaust pipe 103, the exhaust pipe 103 is communicated with the upper cavity 101, the bottom of the box body 100 is connected with a drain pipe 104 inserted into seawater, the drain pipe 104 is communicated with the lower cavity 102, the bottom of the box body 100 is provided with an air inlet 105, the top of the box body 100 is provided with a water inlet 107, a coil 205 is arranged in the box body 100, the coil 205 is communicated with the air inlet 105, the coil 205 spirals upwards from the lower cavity 102, penetrates through a plurality of honeycomb plates 200 and penetrates through a middle interval 201; |[0043] The coil pipe 205 is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports which are communicated with the lower cavity 102 and the middle space 201, and the combustion flue gas containing carbon dioxide outside is discharged from the air inlet 105 and is discharged into the lower cavity 102 and the middle space 201 through the plurality of exhaust ports; |[0044] 2) Injecting external seawater into the box body 100 from top to bottom through the water inlet 107, washing combustion flue gas and absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas in the process that the external seawater flows from the upper cavity 101 to the lower cavity 102, forming decarburization flue gas from the washed combustion flue gas, and forming seawater in the box from the external seawater after washing the combustion flue gas; |[0045] 3) The decarbonized flue gas is discharged upwards through the exhaust pipe 103, and seawater in the tank is discharged downwards into the sea through the drain pipe 104. |[0046] The ocean carbon sequestration method provided by the invention has the following advantages:|[0047] 1) By arranging the multi-layer honeycomb plate 200 and the coiled pipe 205 in the box body 100, the combustion flue gas is subjected to multi-time baffling and diffusion in the box body 100, so that the contact area and the contact time of the combustion flue gas and seawater can be greatly increased, the problem of lower treatment efficiency caused by insufficient contact is effectively solved, and the efficient absorption and sealing of carbon dioxide are realized; |[0048] 2) The natural washing capability of the seawater is utilized, the seawater is used as an absorbent, the ocean resources are fully utilized, no additional chemical reagent or complex regeneration process is needed, the energy consumption cost is reduced, meanwhile, the technical process is simplified, and the economy and feasibility of the ocean carbon sequestration method are improved; |[0049] 3) The whole washing structure floats on the sea surface, is easy to install and maintain, is suitable for long-term operation in a marine environment, has good adaptability and reliability, and reduces maintenance cost and operation difficulty; |[0050] 4) The seawater absorbs the carbon dioxide and then is directly discharged into the ocean, and the natural circulation and buffering capacity of the ocean are utilized to safely seal the carbon dioxide, so that the aim of sealing the carbon is fulfilled, a stable carbon source is provided for an ocean ecological system, and the balance of ocean ecology is promoted. |[0051] In the embodiment, in step 1), the coiled pipe 205 has an inner section 206 penetrating the honeycomb panel 200, the inner section 206 is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the inner section 206 is arranged along the honeycomb panel 200 in a spiral shape, and during the process of flowing through the inner section 206, the combustion flue gas flows along the inner section 206 in a spiral shape, and is permeated into the honeycomb panel 200 through the plurality of exhaust holes.|[0052] Through the internal section 206 that the heliciform was arranged, can prolong the flow path of burning flue gas in the honeycomb panel 200, make the contact time of flue gas and honeycomb panel 200 show increase, evenly distributed in the honeycomb panel 200 with the flue gas through a plurality of exhaust holes, further improved the area of contact of carbon dioxide and sea water to showing the absorption efficiency that promotes carbon dioxide, realized the high-efficient handling of carbon dioxide.|[0053] In the embodiment, in the step 1), the coiled pipe 205 is provided with an outer section 207 penetrating through the middle space 201, a plurality of exhaust holes are formed in the outer section 207, the outer section 207 is arranged in a spiral shape along the middle space 201, and during the process of flowing through the outer section 207, the combustion flue gas flows along the outer section 207 in a spiral manner, and is permeated into the outer section 207 through the plurality of exhaust holes.|[0054] The outer section 207 is utilized to expand the diffusion range of the combustion flue gas in the washing structure, so that the flue gas is uniformly distributed in the middle space 201, the contact opportunity of the flue gas and seawater is increased, the uniformity of the whole washing process is optimized, and the carbon dioxide absorption effect is improved.|[0055] In this embodiment, in step 1), the middle portion of the honeycomb panel 200 is provided with a flat internal cavity 202, the internal cavity 202 is horizontally laid out along the honeycomb panel 200, the honeycomb holes include an upper hole 203 formed at the upper portion of the honeycomb panel 200 and a lower hole 204 formed at the lower portion of the honeycomb panel 200, and in step 2), external seawater passes through the upper hole 203, the internal cavity 202 and the lower hole 204 in this order during the process of passing external seawater through the honeycomb panel 200.|[0056] Through the arrangement of the inner cavity 202, a larger space is provided for mixing the seawater and the combustion flue gas, so that the seawater can fully permeate and absorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas, and the layered structure of the upper hole 203, the inner cavity 202 and the lower hole 204 further optimizes the washing effect and improves the absorption efficiency of the carbon dioxide.|[0057] In this embodiment, in step 1), the inner section 206 is swirled in the inner chamber 202, and combustion fumes in the inner section 206 are discharged into the inner chamber 202 through a plurality of exhaust holes, and mixed with external seawater passing through the inner chamber 202.|[0058] Thus, the high-efficiency mixing of the combustion flue gas and the seawater is realized, so that the combustion flue gas can be uniformly contacted with the seawater, and the absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide is further improved.|[0059] In this embodiment, in step 1), a floating flexible membrane layer 208 is disposed in the inner cavity 202, the outer periphery of the flexible membrane layer 208 is connected to the inner sidewall of the inner cavity 202, and in step 2), the flexible membrane layer 208 is in flexible floating state during the mixing process of the external seawater and the combustion flue gas in the inner cavity 202.|[0060] Through flexible rete 208 can play buffering and dispersive effect in mixing process, optimize the mixing effect of sea water and burning flue gas, the characteristics that float can adapt to different operating modes, ensure mixing process's homogeneity and stability to improve carbon dioxide's absorption efficiency.|[0061] In the embodiment, the middle part of the upper cavity 101 is provided with a transversely arranged dividing net 106, a plurality of dividing holes are arranged in the dividing net 106, and in the step 2), when the external seawater passes through the dividing net 106 from top to bottom in the upper cavity 101, the external seawater is dispersed in a scattered flow shape.|[0062] Therefore, the scattered seawater can increase the contact area of the seawater and the combustion flue gas, optimize the washing process and improve the absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide.|[0063] In the embodiment, in the step 1), the bottom of the drain pipe 104 is provided with a drain end 300 for draining seawater in the tank, the periphery of the drain end 300 is provided with a plurality of suspension plates 301, the plurality of suspension plates 301 are circumferentially arranged at intervals along the circumference of the drain pipe 104, and a suspension interval 302 is arranged between the adjacent suspension plates 301;|[0064] In step 1), after the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the drain pipe 104 is inserted into the sea, and the plurality of suspension plates 301 are adjusted to swing up and down in a reciprocating manner as the washing structure swings on the sea surface, so that the swing angle of the washing structure is within a set range. |[0065] In this way, the suspension plate 301 can effectively adjust the swing angle of the washing structure on the sea surface, ensure the stability of the washing structure, not only improve the adaptability of the washing structure, but also optimize the operation effect of the washing structure in the marine environment.|[0066] In this embodiment, the drainage end 300 is connected with a plurality of bifurcation pipes 304, and the bifurcation pipes 304 are arranged in a radial manner with the drainage end 300 as the center and inclined downward, and in step 3), seawater in the tank in the drain pipe 104 is divergently discharged into the sea through the bifurcation pipes 304.|[0067] Through the setting of bifurcation 304, can be with the sea water after handling in the divergence form is discharged into the sea, strengthened drainage effect, avoid the too high problem of local sea water concentration, reduce the influence to marine environment simultaneously.|[0068] In the embodiment, in step 1), a plurality of air bag rings 108 are arranged on the outer periphery of the case 100, the plurality of air bag rings 108 are nested and arranged around the circumference of the case 100, a floating interval is arranged between the adjacent air bag rings 108, a plurality of elastic belts 109 are arranged at the floating interval, the plurality of elastic belts 109 encircle the case 100 at intervals along the circumference of the case 100, and the adjacent air bag rings 108 are connected into a whole through the elastic belts 109;|[0069] When the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the plurality of air bag rings 108 are adjusted to swing up and down in a reciprocating manner as the washing structure swings on the sea surface, and the box body 100 is held by the plurality of elastic bands 109 so that the swing angle of the washing structure is within a set range. |[0070] Like this, gasbag ring 108 can effectively adjust the showy state of washing structure on the sea, ensures its stability, through the pinning of elastic webbing 109, has further stabilized the operational effect of washing structure, makes it can reliably operate in marine environment, reduces the swing that leads to because of factors such as wave to improve the reliability of system.|[0071] The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention. | (CN120169120)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration, in particular to a marine carbon sequestration method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean carbon sequestration technology is one of the important research directions in recent years for coping with climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and the ocean is the largest carbon reservoir on earth and has huge carbon sequestration potential.|[0003] Most of the current ocean carbon sequestration technologies remain in the research and demonstration stage, and how to efficiently fix and sequester carbon dioxide in combustion flue gases is a challenge.|[0004] In the prior art, carbon dioxide in combustion flue gas is typically treated by chemical absorption, adsorption or physical separation methods. However, the adsorbent has a limited capacity and insufficient contact, resulting in low efficiency in the treatment of carbon dioxide.|[0005] Also, conventional carbon dioxide treatment techniques (e.g., chemical absorption) require higher energy consumption to effect separation and regeneration of carbon dioxide, e.g., regeneration of the absorbent in chemical absorption requires a large amount of heat, which not only increases energy costs but also reduces reliability and operability.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The invention aims to provide a marine carbon sequestration method, which aims to solve the problem of low carbon dioxide treatment efficiency in the prior art.|[0007] The invention is realized in such a way that the marine carbon sequestration method comprises the following steps:|[0008] 1) The washing structure comprises a box body, wherein a plurality of layers of honeycomb plates are arranged in the box body, a plurality of honeycomb holes which are vertically and penetratingly arranged are formed in the honeycomb plates, and the layers of honeycomb plates are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the box body; |[0009] The top of the box body is connected with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is communicated with the upper cavity, the bottom of the box body is connected with a drain pipe inserted into seawater, and the drain pipe is communicated with the lower cavity; the box body is internally provided with a coiled pipe which is communicated with the air inlet, the coiled pipe spirals upwards from a lower cavity, passes through a plurality of honeycomb plates and passes through a middle interval; |[0010] the spiral pipe is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports, and the exhaust ports are communicated with the lower cavity and the middle part at intervals; |[0011] 2) Injecting external seawater into the box body from top to bottom through the water inlet, washing the combustion flue gas in the process that the external seawater flows from the upper cavity to the lower cavity, absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas, forming decarburization flue gas by the washed combustion flue gas, and forming seawater in the box by the external seawater after washing the combustion flue gas; |[0012] 3) And the decarbonization flue gas is discharged upwards through an exhaust pipe, and seawater in the box is discharged downwards into the sea through a drain pipe. |[0013] Further, in the step 1), the coiled pipe is provided with an inner section penetrating through the honeycomb panel, the inner section is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the inner section is arranged in a spiral shape along the honeycomb panel, and the combustion flue gas flows in a spiral manner along the inner section in the process of flowing through the inner section, and permeates into the honeycomb panel through the exhaust holes.|[0014] Further, in the step 1), the coiled pipe is provided with an outer section penetrating through the middle interval, the outer section is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the outer section is arranged in a spiral shape along the middle interval, and the combustion flue gas flows in a spiral manner along the outer section in the process of flowing through the outer section, and permeates into the outer section through the plurality of exhaust holes.|[0015] Further, in the step 1), a flat internal cavity is arranged in the middle of the honeycomb plate, the internal cavity is horizontally tiled along the honeycomb plate, the honeycomb holes comprise an upper hole formed in the upper part of the honeycomb plate and a lower hole formed in the lower part of the honeycomb plate, and in the step 2), the external seawater sequentially passes through the upper hole, the internal cavity and the lower hole in the process of passing through the honeycomb plate.|[0016] Further, in the step 1), the inner section is spirally arranged in the inner cavity, and the combustion flue gas in the inner section is discharged into the inner cavity through a plurality of exhaust holes to be mixed with the external seawater passing through the inner cavity.|[0017] Further, in the step 1), a floating flexible film layer is arranged in the inner cavity, the periphery of the flexible film layer is connected to the inner side wall of the inner cavity, and in the step 2), the flexible film layer is in flexible floating in the process of mixing the external seawater and the combustion flue gas in the inner cavity.|[0018] In the step 2), when the external seawater passes through the dividing net from top to bottom in the upper cavity, the external seawater is scattered to be in a scattered flow shape.|[0019] Further, in the step 1), the bottom of the drain pipe is provided with a drain end for draining seawater in the tank, the periphery of the drain end is provided with a plurality of suspension plates, the suspension plates are circumferentially arranged along the circumferential interval of the drain pipe, and suspension intervals are arranged between adjacent suspension plates;|[0020] In the step 1), after the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the drain pipe is inserted into the sea, and the plurality of suspension plates are adjusted in a reciprocating manner up and down along with the floating of the washing structure on the sea surface, so that the swing angle of the washing structure is within a set range. |[0021] Further, the drainage end is connected with a plurality of bifurcation pipes, a plurality of bifurcation pipes take the drainage end as the center, and are arranged in a radial mode in a downward inclination mode, and in the step 3), seawater in the tank in the drain pipe is discharged into the sea in a divergent mode through the bifurcation pipes.|[0022] Further, in the step 1), a plurality of air bag rings are arranged on the periphery of the box body, the plurality of air bag rings are nested and arranged around the periphery of the box body, floating intervals are arranged between the adjacent air bag rings, a plurality of elastic belts are arranged at the floating intervals, the plurality of elastic belts encircle the periphery of the box body at intervals, and the adjacent air bag rings are connected into a whole through the elastic belts;|[0023] When the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the plurality of air bag rings are adjusted in a reciprocating swinging way along with the floating of the washing structure on the sea surface, and the box body is held by the plurality of elastic belts, so that the swinging angle of the washing structure is in a set range. |[0024] Compared with the prior art, the ocean carbon sequestration method provided by the invention has the following advantages:|[0025] 1) The multi-layer honeycomb plates and the coiled tubes are arranged in the box body, so that the combustion flue gas is subjected to multi-time baffling and diffusion in the box body, the contact area and the contact time of the combustion flue gas and seawater can be greatly increased, the problem of low treatment efficiency caused by insufficient contact is effectively solved, and the efficient absorption and sealing of carbon dioxide are realized; |[0026] 2) The natural washing capability of the seawater is utilized, the seawater is used as an absorbent, the ocean resources are fully utilized, no additional chemical reagent or complex regeneration process is needed, the energy consumption cost is reduced, meanwhile, the technical process is simplified, and the economy and feasibility of the ocean carbon sequestration method are improved; |[0027] 3) The whole washing structure floats on the sea surface, is easy to install and maintain, is suitable for long-term operation in a marine environment, has good adaptability and reliability, and reduces maintenance cost and operation difficulty; |[0028] 4) The seawater absorbs the carbon dioxide and then is directly discharged into the ocean, and the natural circulation and buffering capacity of the ocean are utilized to safely seal the carbon dioxide, so that the aim of sealing the carbon is fulfilled, a stable carbon source is provided for an ocean ecological system, and the balance of ocean ecology is promoted. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0029] FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a marine carbon sequestration process provided by the present invention;|[0030] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the case provided by the present invention; |[0031] FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of the internal cavity provided by the present invention; |[0032] FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a drain end provided by the present invention; |[0033] in the figure, a box body 100, an upper cavity 101, a lower cavity 102, an exhaust pipe 103, a drain pipe 104, an air inlet 105, a dividing net 106, a water inlet 107, an air bag ring 108 and an elastic belt 109; |[0034] Honeycomb panel 200, middle spacer 201, inner cavity 202, upper hole 203, lower hole 204, coil 205, inner section 206, outer section 207, flexible membrane 208; |[0035] A drainage end 300, a suspension plate 301, a suspension space 302, an elastic ring 303, and a bifurcation 304. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0036] The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.|[0037] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.|[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and that the specific meaning of the terms described above may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.|[0039] Referring to fig. 1-4, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided.|[0040] The marine carbon sequestration method comprises the following steps:|[0041] 1) Providing a washing structure floating on the sea surface, wherein the washing structure comprises a box body 100, a plurality of layers of honeycomb plates 200 are arranged in the box body 100, a plurality of honeycomb holes which are vertically and penetratingly arranged are arranged in the honeycomb plates 200, and the plurality of layers of honeycomb plates 200 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the box body 100; |[0042] The top of the box body 100 is connected with an exhaust pipe 103, the exhaust pipe 103 is communicated with the upper cavity 101, the bottom of the box body 100 is connected with a drain pipe 104 inserted into seawater, the drain pipe 104 is communicated with the lower cavity 102, the bottom of the box body 100 is provided with an air inlet 105, the top of the box body 100 is provided with a water inlet 107, a coil 205 is arranged in the box body 100, the coil 205 is communicated with the air inlet 105, the coil 205 spirals upwards from the lower cavity 102, penetrates through a plurality of honeycomb plates 200 and penetrates through a middle interval 201; |[0043] The coil pipe 205 is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports which are communicated with the lower cavity 102 and the middle space 201, and the combustion flue gas containing carbon dioxide outside is discharged from the air inlet 105 and is discharged into the lower cavity 102 and the middle space 201 through the plurality of exhaust ports; |[0044] 2) Injecting external seawater into the box body 100 from top to bottom through the water inlet 107, washing combustion flue gas and absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas in the process that the external seawater flows from the upper cavity 101 to the lower cavity 102, forming decarburization flue gas from the washed combustion flue gas, and forming seawater in the box from the external seawater after washing the combustion flue gas; |[0045] 3) The decarbonized flue gas is discharged upwards through the exhaust pipe 103, and seawater in the tank is discharged downwards into the sea through the drain pipe 104. |[0046] The ocean carbon sequestration method provided by the invention has the following advantages:|[0047] 1) By arranging the multi-layer honeycomb plate 200 and the coiled pipe 205 in the box body 100, the combustion flue gas is subjected to multi-time baffling and diffusion in the box body 100, so that the contact area and the contact time of the combustion flue gas and seawater can be greatly increased, the problem of lower treatment efficiency caused by insufficient contact is effectively solved, and the efficient absorption and sealing of carbon dioxide are realized; |[0048] 2) The natural washing capability of the seawater is utilized, the seawater is used as an absorbent, the ocean resources are fully utilized, no additional chemical reagent or complex regeneration process is needed, the energy consumption cost is reduced, meanwhile, the technical process is simplified, and the economy and feasibility of the ocean carbon sequestration method are improved; |[0049] 3) The whole washing structure floats on the sea surface, is easy to install and maintain, is suitable for long-term operation in a marine environment, has good adaptability and reliability, and reduces maintenance cost and operation difficulty; |[0050] 4) The seawater absorbs the carbon dioxide and then is directly discharged into the ocean, and the natural circulation and buffering capacity of the ocean are utilized to safely seal the carbon dioxide, so that the aim of sealing the carbon is fulfilled, a stable carbon source is provided for an ocean ecological system, and the balance of ocean ecology is promoted. |[0051] In the embodiment, in step 1), the coiled pipe 205 has an inner section 206 penetrating the honeycomb panel 200, the inner section 206 is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the inner section 206 is arranged along the honeycomb panel 200 in a spiral shape, and during the process of flowing through the inner section 206, the combustion flue gas flows along the inner section 206 in a spiral shape, and is permeated into the honeycomb panel 200 through the plurality of exhaust holes.|[0052] Through the internal section 206 that the heliciform was arranged, can prolong the flow path of burning flue gas in the honeycomb panel 200, make the contact time of flue gas and honeycomb panel 200 show increase, evenly distributed in the honeycomb panel 200 with the flue gas through a plurality of exhaust holes, further improved the area of contact of carbon dioxide and sea water to showing the absorption efficiency that promotes carbon dioxide, realized the high-efficient handling of carbon dioxide.|[0053] In the embodiment, in the step 1), the coiled pipe 205 is provided with an outer section 207 penetrating through the middle space 201, a plurality of exhaust holes are formed in the outer section 207, the outer section 207 is arranged in a spiral shape along the middle space 201, and during the process of flowing through the outer section 207, the combustion flue gas flows along the outer section 207 in a spiral manner, and is permeated into the outer section 207 through the plurality of exhaust holes.|[0054] The outer section 207 is utilized to expand the diffusion range of the combustion flue gas in the washing structure, so that the flue gas is uniformly distributed in the middle space 201, the contact opportunity of the flue gas and seawater is increased, the uniformity of the whole washing process is optimized, and the carbon dioxide absorption effect is improved.|[0055] In this embodiment, in step 1), the middle portion of the honeycomb panel 200 is provided with a flat internal cavity 202, the internal cavity 202 is horizontally laid out along the honeycomb panel 200, the honeycomb holes include an upper hole 203 formed at the upper portion of the honeycomb panel 200 and a lower hole 204 formed at the lower portion of the honeycomb panel 200, and in step 2), external seawater passes through the upper hole 203, the internal cavity 202 and the lower hole 204 in this order during the process of passing external seawater through the honeycomb panel 200.|[0056] Through the arrangement of the inner cavity 202, a larger space is provided for mixing the seawater and the combustion flue gas, so that the seawater can fully permeate and absorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas, and the layered structure of the upper hole 203, the inner cavity 202 and the lower hole 204 further optimizes the washing effect and improves the absorption efficiency of the carbon dioxide.|[0057] In this embodiment, in step 1), the inner section 206 is swirled in the inner chamber 202, and combustion fumes in the inner section 206 are discharged into the inner chamber 202 through a plurality of exhaust holes, and mixed with external seawater passing through the inner chamber 202.|[0058] Thus, the high-efficiency mixing of the combustion flue gas and the seawater is realized, so that the combustion flue gas can be uniformly contacted with the seawater, and the absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide is further improved.|[0059] In this embodiment, in step 1), a floating flexible membrane layer 208 is disposed in the inner cavity 202, the outer periphery of the flexible membrane layer 208 is connected to the inner sidewall of the inner cavity 202, and in step 2), the flexible membrane layer 208 is in flexible floating state during the mixing process of the external seawater and the combustion flue gas in the inner cavity 202.|[0060] Through flexible rete 208 can play buffering and dispersive effect in mixing process, optimize the mixing effect of sea water and burning flue gas, the characteristics that float can adapt to different operating modes, ensure mixing process's homogeneity and stability to improve carbon dioxide's absorption efficiency.|[0061] In the embodiment, the middle part of the upper cavity 101 is provided with a transversely arranged dividing net 106, a plurality of dividing holes are arranged in the dividing net 106, and in the step 2), when the external seawater passes through the dividing net 106 from top to bottom in the upper cavity 101, the external seawater is dispersed in a scattered flow shape.|[0062] Therefore, the scattered seawater can increase the contact area of the seawater and the combustion flue gas, optimize the washing process and improve the absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide.|[0063] In the embodiment, in the step 1), the bottom of the drain pipe 104 is provided with a drain end 300 for draining seawater in the tank, the periphery of the drain end 300 is provided with a plurality of suspension plates 301, the plurality of suspension plates 301 are circumferentially arranged at intervals along the circumference of the drain pipe 104, and a suspension interval 302 is arranged between the adjacent suspension plates 301;|[0064] In step 1), after the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the drain pipe 104 is inserted into the sea, and the plurality of suspension plates 301 are adjusted to swing up and down in a reciprocating manner as the washing structure swings on the sea surface, so that the swing angle of the washing structure is within a set range. |[0065] In this way, the suspension plate 301 can effectively adjust the swing angle of the washing structure on the sea surface, ensure the stability of the washing structure, not only improve the adaptability of the washing structure, but also optimize the operation effect of the washing structure in the marine environment.|[0066] In this embodiment, the drainage end 300 is connected with a plurality of bifurcation pipes 304, and the bifurcation pipes 304 are arranged in a radial manner with the drainage end 300 as the center and inclined downward, and in step 3), seawater in the tank in the drain pipe 104 is divergently discharged into the sea through the bifurcation pipes 304.|[0067] Through the setting of bifurcation 304, can be with the sea water after handling in the divergence form is discharged into the sea, strengthened drainage effect, avoid the too high problem of local sea water concentration, reduce the influence to marine environment simultaneously.|[0068] In the embodiment, in step 1), a plurality of air bag rings 108 are arranged on the outer periphery of the case 100, the plurality of air bag rings 108 are nested and arranged around the circumference of the case 100, a floating interval is arranged between the adjacent air bag rings 108, a plurality of elastic belts 109 are arranged at the floating interval, the plurality of elastic belts 109 encircle the case 100 at intervals along the circumference of the case 100, and the adjacent air bag rings 108 are connected into a whole through the elastic belts 109;|[0069] When the washing structure is placed on the sea surface, the plurality of air bag rings 108 are adjusted to swing up and down in a reciprocating manner as the washing structure swings on the sea surface, and the box body 100 is held by the plurality of elastic bands 109 so that the swing angle of the washing structure is within a set range. |[0070] Like this, gasbag ring 108 can effectively adjust the showy state of washing structure on the sea, ensures its stability, through the pinning of elastic webbing 109, has further stabilized the operational effect of washing structure, makes it can reliably operate in marine environment, reduces the swing that leads to because of factors such as wave to improve the reliability of system.|[0071] The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention. | Family Number|(114975832)|114975832|Abstract|(CN120169120 A)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration , and discloses an ocean carbon sequestration method which comprises the following steps : 1 ) providing a washing structure on the sea surface , the washing structure comprises a box body , a honeycomb plate and honeycomb holes are arranged in the box body , and the box body is provided with an exhaust pipe , a drainage pipe , an air inlet and a water inlet ; a spiral pipe is arranged in the box body and is provided with an exhaust port ; ( 2 ) external seawater is injected into the box body through a water inlet , combustion flue gas is washed , carbon dioxide is absorbed , decarbonized flue gas is formed after washing , and seawater in the box body is formed by the external seawater obtained after the combustion flue gas is washed ; ( 3 ) the decarburized flue gas is discharged upwards through an exhaust pipe , and seawater in the box is discharged downwards into the sea through a drainage pipe ; by arranging the multiple layers of honeycomb plates and the spiral pipe in the box body , combustion flue gas is baffled and diffused for multiple times in the box body , so that the contact area and the contact time of the combustion flue gas and seawater can be greatly increased , and the problem of relatively low treatment efficiency caused by insufficient contact is effectively solved ; and efficient absorption and storage of carbon dioxide are realized . |Title|(CN120169120 A)|Marine carbon sequestration method | | Civil engineering|Environmental technology | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/18|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/0283|E03F-001/00/1 | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/18|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/0283|E03F-001/00/1 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|E03F-001/00 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|E03F-001/00 | PENDING | (CN120169120)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN120169120)|ALIVE | (CN120169120)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN120169120|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-04-01|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-04-01|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202510403643|Application date=2025-04-01|Standardized application number=2025CN-0403643|Event publication date=2025-06-20|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN120169120|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-06-20|Standardized publication number=CN120169120|Event publication date=2025-06-20|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-07-08|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN120169120)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKf2uwkPN9IkNVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077920210&ekey=2158&xpn=CN120169120&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=tZwAtmlB0VyX%252FW3h7jmby5NXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN120169120)|CN | (CN120169120)|NAME=SHENZHEN GONGKAN GEOTECHNICAL GROUP CO. LTD. , COUNTRY=CN | (CN120169120)|NAME=ZHOU TING;SHENZHEN INPRE PATENT AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=44356NAME=JIANG WENXIN;SHENZHEN INPRE PATENT AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=44356 | (CN120169120)|NAME=LEI BIN|NAME=TONG XIN|NAME=LI XIAYING|NAME=WU DI|NAME=LI HONGBO|NAME=SHENG LIYUAN|NAME=LI BIN|NAME=DU ZICHUN | Titre: (CN120169120)|Marine carbon sequestration method Résumé: (CN120169120)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, and discloses an ocean carbon sequestration method which comprises the following steps: 1) providing a washing structure on the sea surface, the washing structure comprises a box body, a honeycomb plate and honeycomb holes are arranged in the box body, and the box body is provided with an exhaust pipe, a drainage pipe, an air inlet and a water inlet; a spiral pipe is arranged in the box body and is provided with an exhaust port; (2) external seawater is injected into the box body through a water inlet, combustion flue gas is washed, carbon dioxide is absorbed, decarbonized flue gas is formed after washing, and seawater in the box body is formed by the external seawater obtained after the combustion flue gas is washed; (3) the decarburized flue gas is discharged upwards through an exhaust pipe, and seawater in the box is discharged downwards into the sea through a drainage pipe; by arranging the multiple layers of honeycomb plates and the spiral pipe in the box body, combustion flue gas is baffled and diffused for multiple times in the box body, so that the contact area and the contact time of the combustion flue gas and seawater can be greatly increased, and the problem of relatively low treatment efficiency caused by insufficient contact is effectively solved; and efficient absorption and storage of carbon dioxide are realized. | 12.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article describes a method for carbon sequestration involving the washing of combustion flue gas with seawater, which does not focus on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN120169120)|1 | (CN120169120)|9 | (CN120169120)|10 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN120169120)|4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN120169120)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-06-20|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-2502|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11| | (CN120169120)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN120169120)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27 | KR20250050932 | KR10-2025-0050932 | KR102886039|KR10-2886039 | 116647272 | KR102886039 B9 2026-03-12 [KR102886039]|KR10-2886039 B1 2025-11-17 [KR102886039] | 2025-04-18 | 2025-04-18 | 2026-03-12|2025-11-17 | (KR102886039)|2025-11-17 | (KR10-2886039)|2045-04-18 | (KR10-2886039)|Low-energy maritime direct air capture and ocean carbon sequestration system | (KR10-2886039)|Disclosed is an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system. The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon isolation system comprises: an air inlet unit installed such that an opening thereof is directed toward a wind direction, including the bow of a ship, to introduce external air into the interior of the ship through a headwind when the ship is sailing; a regeneration chamber connected to the air inlet unit to receive the external air introduced through the air inlet unit; an adsorbent module installed in the regeneration chamber to collect CO2 from the air; an alkali injection device for supplying an alkali material; a reaction unit which stores a portion of the ballast water, receives the collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber connected through a pipe, and receives the alkali material from the alkali injection device; a ballast water tank connected to the reaction unit to receive the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the reaction unit; an electrolysis ballast water treatment device for neutralizing the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank; a water quality sensor module for measuring the acidity of the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank; and a control device for discharging the ballast water to the sea outside of the ship through an outlet of the ballast water tank when the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value to neutralize the ballast water. | KOREA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | (KR10-2886039)|KOREA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ([KR])|(KR102886039)|KOREA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | KANG HEE JIN|HONG JANG PYO | (KR102886039)|KANG, HEE JIN|HONG, Jang Pyo|(KR10-2886039)|KANG, HEE JIN|HONG, JANG PYO | (KR10-2886039)|KIM, JUNG-SOO | (KR10-2886039)|The existing carbon collection technology is mainly limited to fixed onshore facilities, and there is a limit to commercial application due to difficulty in applying it to vehicles such as ships or excessive energy consumption. In particular, in the process of collecting air using a fan in the carbon collection process, there is a technical difficulty in securing economic feasibility because driving power is large and storage and treatment after CO₂ collection is difficult.| | (KR10-2886039)|1. An energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system, comprising: an air inlet installed such that an opening thereof faces a wind direction including a ship's bow, and introducing external air into the ship through a headwind during sailing of the ship; a regeneration chamber connected to the air inlet, and receiving the external air introduced through the air inlet; an adsorbent module installed inside the regeneration chamber, and collecting CO2 from the air; a waste heat recovery device connected to a stack of the ship, recovering waste heat from an engine and a generator of the ship through the stack, and supplying the recovered waste heat to the regeneration chamber; an alkali injection device for supplying an alkali material; a reaction unit partially storing ballast water, receiving the collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber connected through a pipe, and receiving the alkali material from the alkali injection device; a ballast water tank connected to the reaction unit, and receiving the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the reaction unit; an electrolytic ballast water treatment device for neutralizing the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the ballast water tank; a water quality sensor module for measuring a acidity of the ballast water in the ballast water tank; and a ship balancing controller for discharging the ballast water from the regeneration tank when the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value, and, An energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system, comprising: separating CO2 captured from a saturated adsorbent of the adsorbent module to regenerate the adsorbent. |3. AMENDSTATUS: Delete|4. AMENDSTATUS: Delete| | (KR10-2886039)|According to an aspect of the present invention, an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon isolation system is disclosed.|The present invention relates to an energy-saving offshore direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system.|The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system for collecting CO_2 in the air by using a crosswind when a ship is sailing and dissolving the collected CO2 in seawater by using ballast water of the ship.| | (KR10-2886039)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,18)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,16)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(100,9)|ENERGY SAVING MARINE(100,1)|REGENERATING CHAMBER(86,21)|ADSORBENT MODULE(79,16)|ACIDITY MEASUREMENT(68,7)|ADSORBENT REGENERATION(65,2)|ALKALI INJECTION(64,9)|REGENERATING TANK(62,1)|ONSHORE FACILITY(61,1)|MARINE CARBON ISOLATION(54,4)|AMENDSTATUS(54,2)|COLLECTING CO2(54,1)|BALLAST WATER TANK(52,20)|SHIP(51,17)|CO2 COLLECTION(51,2)|SHIP STACK(51,2)|AIR COLLECTION(46,13)|SHIP BOW(46,2)|CO2 SEPARATION(46,1)|ADSORBENT SATURATION(45,3)|SECURING ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY(45,1)|AIR INLET(43,11)|SHIP GENERATOR(40,4)|NEUTRALIZING BALLAST WATER(40,3)|BALLAST WATER TANK CO2(40,2)|CARBON ISOLATION(37,4)|CARBON COLLECTION(37,1)|BALLAST WATER DISCHARGE(36,3)|TECHNICAL DIFFICULTY(35,1)|HEADWIND(33,5)|BALLAST WATER(29,24)|CO COLLECTION(29,1)|ELECTROLYTIC BALLAST WATER TREATMENT(27,3)|ELECTROLYSIS BALLAST WATER TREATMENT(27,1)|CROSSWIND(25,2)|RECOVERING WASTE HEAT(25,2)|NEUTRALIZE BALLAST WATER(25,1)|BASE MATERIAL SUPPLY(21,3)|SEAWATER(21,2)|BALLAST WATER TREATMENT(20,7)|COMPLEX SOLID ADSORBENT(19,3)|WATER QUALITY SENSOR MODULE(18,6)|WASTE HEAT RECOVERY(17,10)|COPPER ION(17,3)|SUPPLIED ALKALINE(16,3)|NAHCO3(16,1)|NAOH(14,7)|FAN(14,3)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(14,1)|CACO3(13,2)|ALKALINE MATERIAL(11,5)|WIND DIRECTION(11,4)|CARBON COLLECTION(11,1)|DRIVING POWER(8,1)|SHIP CHIMNEY(8,1)|AIR INFLOW(7,4)|SHIP PLAYER(7,1)|SINGULAR EXPRESSION(7,1)|ALKALINE INJECTION(6,1)|COMMERCIAL APPLICATION(6,1)|PLURAL EXPRESSION(6,1)|SHIP EMISSION(6,1)|MARINE CARBON NEUTRAL(4,1)|SCALABILITY(4,1)|PRESET REFERENCE VALUE(3,4)|AUTONOMOUS SHIP(3,1)| | (KR10-2886039)|1. An energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system, comprising: an air inlet installed such that an opening thereof faces a wind direction including a ship's bow, and introducing external air into the ship through a headwind during sailing of the ship; a regeneration chamber connected to the air inlet, and receiving the external air introduced through the air inlet; an adsorbent module installed inside the regeneration chamber, and collecting CO2 from the air; a waste heat recovery device connected to a stack of the ship, recovering waste heat from an engine and a generator of the ship through the stack, and supplying the recovered waste heat to the regeneration chamber; an alkali injection device for supplying an alkali material; a reaction unit partially storing ballast water, receiving the collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber connected through a pipe, and receiving the alkali material from the alkali injection device; a ballast water tank connected to the reaction unit, and receiving the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the reaction unit; an electrolytic ballast water treatment device for neutralizing the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the ballast water tank; a water quality sensor module for measuring a acidity of the ballast water in the ballast water tank; and a ship balancing controller for discharging the ballast water from the regeneration tank when the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value, and, An energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system, comprising: separating CO2 captured from a saturated adsorbent of the adsorbent module to regenerate the adsorbent. |2. The energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent included in the adsorbent module is composed of an amine-based or Cu2+ complex-based solid adsorbent. |3. AMENDSTATUS: Delete|4. AMENDSTATUS: Delete|5. The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system of claim 1, wherein in the reaction unit, the supplied CO2 is injected into ballast water to be accommodated and chemically bonded to the supplied alkaline material to be stabilized. |6. The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline material is NaOH or Ca(OH)2, and the NaOH or Ca(OH)2 is bonded to the CO2 and stabilized as NaHCO3 or CaCO3. |7. The energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system of claim 1, wherein the electrolysis type ballast water treatment device removes copper ions generated from an alkaline material remaining in the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank and an adsorbent included in the adsorbent module. | (KR10-2886039)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to an energy-saving offshore direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The existing carbon collection technology is mainly limited to fixed onshore facilities, and there is a limit to commercial application due to difficulty in applying it to vehicles such as ships or excessive energy consumption. In particular, in the process of collecting air using a fan in the carbon collection process, there is a technical difficulty in securing economic feasibility because driving power is large and storage and treatment after CO₂ collection is difficult.|[0003] Accordingly, it was intended to collect air without a fan in a region where a crosswind is encountered during navigation using a ship, which is a large structure sailing the sea, and to neutralize the collected CO₂ and melt it in the sea. In this process, in order to secure a high degree of carbon capture, the copper component applied to the adsorbent or NAOH used in the process of neutralizing CO₂ to make bicarbonate may cause marine pollution, and a technical solution to this was required.|CITATION LIST|PATENT LITERATURE|[0004] Korean Patent No. 10-1888684 (2018.08.08)|SUMMARY OF INVENTION|TECH PROBLEM|[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system for collecting CO2 in the air by using a crosswind when a ship is sailing and dissolving the collected CO2 in seawater by using ballast water of the ship.|TECH SOLUTION|[0006] According to an aspect of the present invention, an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon isolation system is disclosed.|[0007] An energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon isolation system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an air inlet unit installed such that an opening is directed toward a wind direction including a ship′s bow, and introducing external air into the inside of the ship through a headwind when the ship is sailing; a regeneration chamber connected to the air inlet unit to receive the external air introduced through the air inlet unit; an adsorbent module installed inside the regeneration chamber to collect CO2 from the air; an alkali injection device for supplying an alkali material; a reaction unit for partially storing ballast water, receiving the collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber connected through a pipe, and receiving the alkali material from the alkali injection device; a ballast water tank connected to the reaction unit to receive the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the reaction unit; an electrolyzed ballast water treatment device for neutralizing the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the ballast water tank; a water quality sensor module for measuring the acidity of the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the ballast water tank; and a control device for discharging the ballast water from the outside of the ship to the sea through an outlet of the ballast water tank when the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value and the ballast water is neutralized.|[0008] The adsorbent included in the adsorbent module is composed of an amine-based or Cu2+ complex-based solid adsorbent.|[0009] The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system may further include a waste heat recovery device connected to the stack of the ship, recovering waste heat of the engine and the generator of the ship through the stack, and supplying the recovered waste heat to the regeneration chamber.|[0010] The regeneration chamber uses the waste heat to separate the collected CO2 from the saturated adsorbent of the adsorbent module and regenerate the adsorbent.|[0011] In the reaction part, the supplied CO2 is injected into the ballast water to be accommodated and chemically bonded to the supplied alkaline material to be stabilized.|[0012] The alkali material is NaOH or Ca(OH)2, and the NaOH or Ca(OH)2 is bonded to the CO2 and stabilized to NaHCO3 or CaCO3.|[0013] The electrolysis type ballast water treatment device removes copper ions generated from an adsorbent provided in the adsorbent module and an alkaline material remaining in the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank.|ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS|[0014] The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention collects CO2 in the air by using a headwind during sailing of a ship, and dissolves the collected CO2 in seawater by using ballast water of the ship, thereby being used as a marine carbon neutral technology having higher energy efficiency and lower costs than the existing marine direct air collection system on land.|[0015] In addition, the carbon emission trading system can be economically utilized in a carbon emission trading market as well as value as a means for responding to ship emission greenhouse gas regulations of international organizations such as IMO, and commercial scalability is very high through convergence with autonomous ships and eco-friendly ship technologies in the future.|DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0016] FIG. 1 is a view schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon isolation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view schematically illustrating that the energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system according to the embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 1 is applied to a ship.|DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS|[0017] Singular expressions used herein include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present specification, terms such as "configured" or "including" should not be construed as necessarily including all of the various components or steps described in the specification, and should be construed as not including some components or some steps of the components or steps, or may further include additional components or steps. In addition, terms such as "unit" and "module" described in the specification mean a unit for processing at least one function or operation, and may be implemented in hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software.|[0018] Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0019] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating that the energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system according to the embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 1 is applied to a ship. Hereinafter, an energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.|[0020] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system according to the embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include an air inflow unit 10, a regeneration chamber 20, an adsorbent module 21, a waste heat recovery device 30, an alkali injection device 40, a reaction unit 50, a ballast water tank 60, an electrolytic ballast water treatment device 70, a water quality sensor module 80, and a control device 90.|[0021] The air inflow unit 10 is installed such that the opening thereof faces a wind direction including a player of the ship 100, and introduces external air into the inside through a headwind when the ship 100 is sailing.|[0022] The regeneration chamber 20 is connected to the air inflow unit 10 to receive external air introduced through the air inflow unit 10.|[0023] Here, an adsorbent module 21 may be installed inside the regeneration chamber 20, and the adsorbent module 21 may be installed inside the regeneration chamber 20 so that external air introduced through the air inlet 10 is directly transmitted.|[0024] Accordingly, the adsorbent module 21 may collect CO2 from the delivered air, and thus CO2 in the atmosphere may be efficiently collected without a separate fan.|[0025] For example, the adsorbent included in the adsorbent module 21 may be composed of an amine-based or Cu2+ complex-based solid adsorbent.|[0026] In addition, the regeneration chamber 20 separates the collected CO2 from the saturated adsorbent of the adsorbent module 21 using waste heat of the engine and the generator of the ship 100 to regenerate the adsorbent.|[0027] The waste heat recovery device 30 is connected to the chimney of the ship 100 to recover waste heat from the engine and generator of the ship 100 through the chimney, and supplies the recovered waste heat to the regeneration chamber 20.|[0028] For example, the regeneration chamber 20 may regenerate the adsorbent by separating CO2 from the adsorbent using steam heated to a temperature of 80~120°C. using the waste heat supplied from the waste heat recovery device 30.|[0029] The alkali injection device 40 supplies an alkali material to the reaction unit 50.|[0030] For example, the alkaline material may include NaOH, Ca(OH)2, or the like.|[0031] The reaction unit 50 is connected to a ballast water tank 60 to store a portion of the ballast water, receives collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber 20 connected thereto through a pipe, and receives an alkaline material from the alkaline injection device 40.|[0032] Here, the supplied CO2 is injected into the ballast water to be accommodated, and chemically bonded to the supplied alkaline material to be stabilized.|[0033] For example, an alkali material of NaOH or Ca(OH)2 may be combined with CO2 and stabilized to NaHCO3 or CaCO3.|[0034] The ballast water tank 60 stores ballast water, and receives the ballast water injected with CO2 from the reaction unit 50.|[0035] The electrolysis type ballast water treatment device 70 removes the alkaline material (NaOH) remaining in the ballast water injected with CO2 of the ballast water tank 60 and the copper ions (Cu2+) generated from the adsorbent provided in the adsorbent module 21 using the pair of electrodes 71.|[0036] Through this, it is possible to minimize the effect of ballast water discharged into the sea on the marine ecosystem.|[0037] The water quality sensor module 80 measures the acidity of the ballast water in which the CO2 of the ballast water tank 60 is injected.|[0038] When the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value and the ballast water is neutralized, the control device 90 discharges the ballast water to the sea outside the ship 100 through the discharge port 61 of the ballast water tank 60.|[0039] The embodiments of the present invention described above are disclosed for the purpose of illustration, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to make various modifications, changes, and additions within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications, changes, and additions should be considered to fall within the following claims.|REFERENCE SIGNS LIST|[0040] 10: Air inlet part20: Regeneration chamber21: Adsorbent module30: Waste heat recovery device40: Alkali injection device50: Reaction part60: Ballast water tank70: Electrolytic ballast water treatment apparatus80: Water quality sensor module90: Control device | (KR10-2886039)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to an energy-saving offshore direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The existing carbon collection technology is mainly limited to fixed onshore facilities, and there is a limit to commercial application due to difficulty in applying it to vehicles such as ships or excessive energy consumption. In particular, in the process of collecting air using a fan in the carbon collection process, there is a technical difficulty in securing economic feasibility because driving power is large and storage and treatment after CO₂ collection is difficult.|[0003] Accordingly, it was intended to collect air without a fan in a region where a crosswind is encountered during navigation using a ship, which is a large structure sailing the sea, and to neutralize the collected CO₂ and melt it in the sea. In this process, in order to secure a high degree of carbon capture, the copper component applied to the adsorbent or NAOH used in the process of neutralizing CO₂ to make bicarbonate may cause marine pollution, and a technical solution to this was required.|CITATION LIST|PATENT LITERATURE|[0004] Korean Patent No. 10-1888684 (2018.08.08)|SUMMARY OF INVENTION|TECH PROBLEM|[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system for collecting CO2 in the air by using a crosswind when a ship is sailing and dissolving the collected CO2 in seawater by using ballast water of the ship.|TECH SOLUTION|[0006] According to an aspect of the present invention, an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon isolation system is disclosed.|[0007] An energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon isolation system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an air inlet unit installed such that an opening is directed toward a wind direction including a ship′s bow, and introducing external air into the inside of the ship through a headwind when the ship is sailing; a regeneration chamber connected to the air inlet unit to receive the external air introduced through the air inlet unit; an adsorbent module installed inside the regeneration chamber to collect CO2 from the air; an alkali injection device for supplying an alkali material; a reaction unit for partially storing ballast water, receiving the collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber connected through a pipe, and receiving the alkali material from the alkali injection device; a ballast water tank connected to the reaction unit to receive the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the reaction unit; an electrolyzed ballast water treatment device for neutralizing the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the ballast water tank; a water quality sensor module for measuring the acidity of the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the ballast water tank; and a control device for discharging the ballast water from the outside of the ship to the sea through an outlet of the ballast water tank when the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value and the ballast water is neutralized.|[0008] The adsorbent included in the adsorbent module is composed of an amine-based or Cu2+ complex-based solid adsorbent.|[0009] The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system may further include a waste heat recovery device connected to the stack of the ship, recovering waste heat of the engine and the generator of the ship through the stack, and supplying the recovered waste heat to the regeneration chamber.|[0010] The regeneration chamber uses the waste heat to separate the collected CO2 from the saturated adsorbent of the adsorbent module and regenerate the adsorbent.|[0011] In the reaction part, the supplied CO2 is injected into the ballast water to be accommodated and chemically bonded to the supplied alkaline material to be stabilized.|[0012] The alkali material is NaOH or Ca(OH)2, and the NaOH or Ca(OH)2 is bonded to the CO2 and stabilized to NaHCO3 or CaCO3.|[0013] The electrolysis type ballast water treatment device removes copper ions generated from an adsorbent provided in the adsorbent module and an alkaline material remaining in the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank.|ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS|[0014] The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention collects CO2 in the air by using a headwind during sailing of a ship, and dissolves the collected CO2 in seawater by using ballast water of the ship, thereby being used as a marine carbon neutral technology having higher energy efficiency and lower costs than the existing marine direct air collection system on land.|[0015] In addition, the carbon emission trading system can be economically utilized in a carbon emission trading market as well as value as a means for responding to ship emission greenhouse gas regulations of international organizations such as IMO, and commercial scalability is very high through convergence with autonomous ships and eco-friendly ship technologies in the future.|DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0016] FIG. 1 is a view schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon isolation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view schematically illustrating that the energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system according to the embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 1 is applied to a ship.|DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS|[0017] Singular expressions used herein include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present specification, terms such as "configured" or "including" should not be construed as necessarily including all of the various components or steps described in the specification, and should be construed as not including some components or some steps of the components or steps, or may further include additional components or steps. In addition, terms such as "unit" and "module" described in the specification mean a unit for processing at least one function or operation, and may be implemented in hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software.|[0018] Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0019] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating that the energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system according to the embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 1 is applied to a ship. Hereinafter, an energy-saving marine direct air capture and marine carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.|[0020] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system according to the embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include an air inflow unit 10, a regeneration chamber 20, an adsorbent module 21, a waste heat recovery device 30, an alkali injection device 40, a reaction unit 50, a ballast water tank 60, an electrolytic ballast water treatment device 70, a water quality sensor module 80, and a control device 90.|[0021] The air inflow unit 10 is installed such that the opening thereof faces a wind direction including a player of the ship 100, and introduces external air into the inside through a headwind when the ship 100 is sailing.|[0022] The regeneration chamber 20 is connected to the air inflow unit 10 to receive external air introduced through the air inflow unit 10.|[0023] Here, an adsorbent module 21 may be installed inside the regeneration chamber 20, and the adsorbent module 21 may be installed inside the regeneration chamber 20 so that external air introduced through the air inlet 10 is directly transmitted.|[0024] Accordingly, the adsorbent module 21 may collect CO2 from the delivered air, and thus CO2 in the atmosphere may be efficiently collected without a separate fan.|[0025] For example, the adsorbent included in the adsorbent module 21 may be composed of an amine-based or Cu2+ complex-based solid adsorbent.|[0026] In addition, the regeneration chamber 20 separates the collected CO2 from the saturated adsorbent of the adsorbent module 21 using waste heat of the engine and the generator of the ship 100 to regenerate the adsorbent.|[0027] The waste heat recovery device 30 is connected to the chimney of the ship 100 to recover waste heat from the engine and generator of the ship 100 through the chimney, and supplies the recovered waste heat to the regeneration chamber 20.|[0028] For example, the regeneration chamber 20 may regenerate the adsorbent by separating CO2 from the adsorbent using steam heated to a temperature of 80~120°C. using the waste heat supplied from the waste heat recovery device 30.|[0029] The alkali injection device 40 supplies an alkali material to the reaction unit 50.|[0030] For example, the alkaline material may include NaOH, Ca(OH)2, or the like.|[0031] The reaction unit 50 is connected to a ballast water tank 60 to store a portion of the ballast water, receives collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber 20 connected thereto through a pipe, and receives an alkaline material from the alkaline injection device 40.|[0032] Here, the supplied CO2 is injected into the ballast water to be accommodated, and chemically bonded to the supplied alkaline material to be stabilized.|[0033] For example, an alkali material of NaOH or Ca(OH)2 may be combined with CO2 and stabilized to NaHCO3 or CaCO3.|[0034] The ballast water tank 60 stores ballast water, and receives the ballast water injected with CO2 from the reaction unit 50.|[0035] The electrolysis type ballast water treatment device 70 removes the alkaline material (NaOH) remaining in the ballast water injected with CO2 of the ballast water tank 60 and the copper ions (Cu2+) generated from the adsorbent provided in the adsorbent module 21 using the pair of electrodes 71.|[0036] Through this, it is possible to minimize the effect of ballast water discharged into the sea on the marine ecosystem.|[0037] The water quality sensor module 80 measures the acidity of the ballast water in which the CO2 of the ballast water tank 60 is injected.|[0038] When the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value and the ballast water is neutralized, the control device 90 discharges the ballast water to the sea outside the ship 100 through the discharge port 61 of the ballast water tank 60.|[0039] The embodiments of the present invention described above are disclosed for the purpose of illustration, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to make various modifications, changes, and additions within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications, changes, and additions should be considered to fall within the following claims.|REFERENCE SIGNS LIST|[0040] 10: Air inlet part20: Regeneration chamber21: Adsorbent module30: Waste heat recovery device40: Alkali injection device50: Reaction part60: Ballast water tank70: Electrolytic ballast water treatment apparatus80: Water quality sensor module90: Control device | Family Number|(116647272)|116647272|Abstract|(KR102886039 B1)|Disclosed is an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system. The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon isolation system comprises: an air inlet unit installed such that an opening thereof is directed toward a wind direction, including the bow of a ship, to introduce external air into the interior of the ship through a headwind when the ship is sailing; a regeneration chamber connected to the air inlet unit to receive the external air introduced through the air inlet unit; an adsorbent module installed in the regeneration chamber to collect CO2 from the air; an alkali injection device for supplying an alkali material; a reaction unit which stores a portion of the ballast water, receives the collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber connected through a pipe, and receives the alkali material from the alkali injection device; a ballast water tank connected to the reaction unit to receive the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the reaction unit; an electrolysis ballast water treatment device for neutralizing the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank; a water quality sensor module for measuring the acidity of the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank; and a control device for discharging the ballast water to the sea outside of the ship through an outlet of the ballast water tank when the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value to neutralize the ballast water.|Title|(KR102886039 B1)|Low-energy maritime direct air capture and ocean carbon sequestration system|(KR102886039 B9)|Low-energy maritime direct air capture and ocean carbon sequestration system| | Environmental technology|Transport | B01D-053/04/38|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/77|B01D-053/82|B01D-2251/304|B01D-2251/404|B01D-2251/604|B01D-2253/1122|B01D-2253/20|B01D-2255/20761|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/06|B01D-2259/4558|B01D-2259/4566|B63H-020/24|B63J-004/00/2|C02F-001/00/8|C02F-001/461/04 | B01D-053/04/38|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/77|B01D-053/82|B01D-2251/304|B01D-2251/404|B01D-2251/604|B01D-2253/1122|B01D-2253/20|B01D-2255/20761|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/06|B01D-2259/4558|B01D-2259/4566|B63H-020/24|B63J-004/00/2|C02F-001/00/8|C02F-001/461/04 | B01D-053/04|B01D-053/62|B63H-020/24|B63J-004/00|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/461|C02F-103/00 | B01D-053/04|B01D-053/62|B63H-020/24|B63J-004/00|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/461|C02F-103/00 | KR20250036643|KR102608674|KR20230041481|KR20230008372|KR101888684|KR20120034834 | KR20250036643 113750638 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|KR102608674 107646341 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|KR20230041481 104215341 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|KR20230008372 103418939 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|KR101888684 45059525 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|KR20120034834 35336965 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 대한민국등록특허공보 제10-1888684호(2018.08.08) | KR20230008372; KR20230041481; KR20120034834; KR20250036643; KR102608674; KR101888684 | GRANTED | (KR10-2886039)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (KR10-2886039)|ALIVE | (KR10-2886039)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR KR10-2886039|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-04-18|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2025-04-18|Event code=KR/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=KR KR10-2025-0050932|Application date=2025-04-18|Standardized application number=2025KR-0050932|Event publication date=2025-11-05|Event code=KR/D22|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|GRANT OF IP RIGHT INTENDED|St27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D22-EXM-PE0701 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE)|Event publication date=2025-11-10|Event code=KR/F11|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|IP RIGHT GRANTED FOLLOWING SUBSTANTIVE EXAMINATION|St27 status event code: A-2-4-F10-F11-EXM-PR0701 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE)|Event publication date=2025-11-11|Event code=KR/U11|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|FULL RENEWAL OR MAINTENANCE FEE PAID|Annual fees payment date=2025-11-11|Year of payment of annual fees=1|St27 status event code: A-2-2-U10-U11-OTH-PR1002 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE)|Event publication date=2025-11-17|Event code=KR/B1|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patent specification|Publication country=KR|Publication number=KR10-2886039|Publication stage code=B1|Publication date=2025-11-17|Standardized publication number=KR102886039|Event publication date=2025-11-17|Event code=KR/Q13|Event group=Administrative notifications|IP RIGHT DOCUMENT PUBLISHED|St27 status event code: A-4-4-Q10-Q13-NAP-PG1601 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE)|Event publication date=2026-03-12|Event code=KR/B9|Event group=Examination events|Correction of examined patent publication|Publication country=KR|Publication number=KR102886039|Publication stage code=B9|Publication date=2026-03-12|Standardized publication number=KR102886039|Event publication date=2026-03-12|Event code=KR/P19|Event group=Corrections|ERRORS IN DOCUMENTS CONTAINING IPO?S DECISIONS CORRECTED|St27 status event code: A-5-5-P10-P19-OTH-PG1701 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE) | (KR10-2886039)|KR | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=TF3wXQSsXsOmvtoA3O4Dqyq6vml3jfM5bZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=KR0000000007840764&ekey=2570&xpn=KR102886039&kind=B1 | https://doi.org/10.8080/1020250050932 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=oHe2oyvlRyFwTCdd%252BxQSyZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | KR | (KR10-2886039)|KR | (KR10-2886039)|NAME=KOREA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , COUNTRY=KR | (KR10-2886039)|NAME=KIM, JUNG-SOO | (KR10-2886039)|NAME=KANG, HEE JIN|NAME=HONG, JANG PYO|(KR102886039)|NAME=KANG, HEE JIN|NAME=HONG, Jang Pyo | Titre: (KR10-2886039)|Low-energy maritime direct air capture and ocean carbon sequestration system Résumé: (KR10-2886039)|Disclosed is an energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon sequestration system. The energy-saving marine direct air collection and marine carbon isolation system comprises: an air inlet unit installed such that an opening thereof is directed toward a wind direction, including the bow of a ship, to introduce external air into the interior of the ship through a headwind when the ship is sailing; a regeneration chamber connected to the air inlet unit to receive the external air introduced through the air inlet unit; an adsorbent module installed in the regeneration chamber to collect CO2 from the air; an alkali injection device for supplying an alkali material; a reaction unit which stores a portion of the ballast water, receives the collected CO2 from the regeneration chamber connected through a pipe, and receives the alkali material from the alkali injection device; a ballast water tank connected to the reaction unit to receive the ballast water injected with the CO2 from the reaction unit; an electrolysis ballast water treatment device for neutralizing the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank; a water quality sensor module for measuring the acidity of the ballast water injected with the CO2 of the ballast water tank; and a control device for discharging the ballast water to the sea outside of the ship through an outlet of the ballast water tank when the measured acidity satisfies a preset reference value to neutralize the ballast water. | 16.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a direct air capture system and carbon sequestration in ballast water, without mentioning ocean fertilization or nutrient enrichment to stimulate phytoplankton growth. | 6.0 | 0.0 | (KR10-2886039)|3 | (KR10-2886039)|4 | (KR10-2886039)|7| | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (KR10-2886039)|2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (KR10-2886039)|Number of Claims: NCL=7|Primary examiner: 김진화||Primary examiner: 김진화| | (KR10-2886039)|KOREAN (KOR) | (KR102886039)|Patent|(KR102886039)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 28 | GB202018151|WOGB2021/052986|GB202417213 | WOGB2021/052986|US18/253,574|GB202417213|GB202018151 | US12472466|GB2634415|GB2634415|GB2601135|GB202417213|US20240001295|WO2022/106823|GB2601135|GB202018151 | 92381947 | WO2022/106823 A1 2022-05-27 [WO2022106823]|US12472466 B2 2025-11-18 [US12472466]|US20240001295 A1 2024-01-04 [US20240001295]|GB2634415 B 2025-08-06 [GB2634415]|GB2634415 A 2025-04-09 [GB2634415]|GB202417213 D0 2025-01-08 [GB202417213]|GB2601135 B 2025-01-15 [GB2601135]|GB2601135 A 2022-05-25 [GB2601135]|GB202018151 D0 2020-12-30 [GB202018151] | 2020-11-18|2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18|2021-11-18|2020-11-18|2020-11-18 | 2025-11-18|2025-08-06|2025-04-09|2025-01-15|2025-01-08|2024-01-04|2022-05-27|2022-05-25|2020-12-30 | (US12472466)|2025-11-18||(GB2634415)|2025-08-06|(GB2601135)|2025-01-15 | (US12472466)|2042-09-20|(WO2022/106823)|2024-05-18|(GB2634415)|2040-11-18|(GB2601135)|2040-11-18 | (US12472466)|Marine based buoyant carbon sequestration structure | (US12472466)|The present invention concerns a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure. The structure comprises a frame, a peripheral platform area (1) for housing accommodation and amenities, and carbon sequestration apparatus, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus (2,3).The present invention further relates to a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure in a major ocean gyre circulation | ALLEN JOHN T ([GB])|FITZGERALD CALUM D ([GB])|ALLEN JOHN T ([GB])|FITZGERALD CALUM D ([GB])|CALUM D FITZGERALD ([GB])|JOHN T ALLEN ([GB])|CALUM DESMOND FITZGERALD ([GB])|JOHN TAYLOR ALLEN ([GB]) | (US12472466)|Allen John T. ([GB])|Fitzgerald Calum D. ([GB])|(US20240001295)|ALLEN John T. ([GB])|FITZGERALD Calum D. ([GB])|(WO2022/106823)|ALLEN, John T|FITZGERALD, Calum D|(GB2634415)|John T Allen|Calum D Fitzgerald|(GB2634415)|John T Allen|Calum D Fitzgerald|(GB202417213)|Allen John T|Fitzgerald Calum D|(GB2601135)|Calum Desmond Fitzgerald|John Taylor Allen|(GB2601135)|Calum Desmond Fitzgerald|John Taylor Allen|(GB202018151)|Fitzgerald Calum Desmond|Allen John Taylor | ALLEN JOHN T|FITZGERALD CALUM D | (US12472466)|Allen John T.|Fitzgerald Calum D.|(US20240001295)|ALLEN John T.|FITZGERALD Calum D. | (US12472466)|Foley & Lardner LLP|(WO2022/106823)|MURGITROYD & COMPANY ([GB]) | (US12472466)|As such, there exists a need to increase carbon sequestration in order to capture more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ocean, and convert it into secure sources which lock the carbon away for hundreds or thousands of years.|Oligotrophic gyres are attractive sites in that they are some of the world's most stable environments with comparably stable and easily forecastable weather systems.|The apparatus is modular to allow for easy repair and replacement of individual components.|Furthermore, over a significant proportion of the ocean surface, photosynthesis is co-limited by nutrient concentrations.|However, the oceans are light limited and so typically only the top 30-70 metres of the ocean is illuminated sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur.| | (US12472466)|1. A marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structures for capturing global anthropogenic carbon output, each structure comprising: a frame; a peripheral platform area which houses accommodation and amenities; and carbon sequestration apparatus, the carbon sequestration apparatus comprising light transmitting means in the form of light pipes or light trees for connecting with sub-thermocline waters, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus, and wherein each structure is modular, comprising a plurality of units coupled together, whereby the one or more structures capture up to 10 Gt of carbon per year.|21. A method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure comprising a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure, comprising: a frame; a peripheral platform area which houses accommodation and amenities; and carbon sequestration apparatus, the carbon sequestration apparatus comprising light transmitting means in the form of light pipes or light trees for connecting with sub-thermocline waters, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus, and wherein each structure is modular, comprising a plurality of units coupled together, whereby the one or more structures capture up to 10 Gt of carbon per year, in a major ocean gyre circulation.| | (US12472466)|The present invention concerns a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure.|The present invention further relates to a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure in a major ocean gyre circulation|The present invention relates to a carbon sequestration buoyant structure and in particular, the invention relates to a structure suitable for carbon sequestration, and for housing accommodation and amenities within a marine based environment.| | (US12472466)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,51)|OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(100,4)|MAJOR OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(88,4)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(52,11)|CARBON GT(47,2)|MOON POOL(45,6)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION BUOYANT STRUCTURE(44,11)|SUBTHERMOCLINE WATER(44,3)|PLATFORM PERIPHERAL AREA(43,26)|AMENITY(40,8)|HOUSING(34,4)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE(33,21)|GLASS TENDRIL(33,8)|ATTRACTIVE SITE(33,1)|SEA(29,8)|GLOBAL ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON OUTPUT(28,1)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(27,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(26,6)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(24,4)|STABLE ENVIRONMENT(24,1)|LIGHT TREE(22,7)|SUB THERMOCLINE WATER(22,1)|COPPER CONDUCTIVE CABLE(21,2)|LIGHT TRANSMISSION(20,8)|REPAIR(20,1)|NUTRIENT(18,6)|HUNDRED(17,1)|WAVE PUMP TUBE(14,2)|SECURE SOURCE(14,1)|SUBTROPICAL OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(13,1)|PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(12,3)|MITIGATE ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE IMPACT(12,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES CIRCULATION(12,1)|SOUTH PACIFIC OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(12,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION COUNTERING(11,1)|COMPONENT REPLACEMENT(11,1)|MAJOR OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(10,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(9,2)|SEA SURFACE(9,2)|DEEP OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(9,1)|SUBTROPICAL MAJOR OCEAN BASIN(9,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(8,10)|LIGHT PIPE(8,9)|CARBON OUTPUT(8,1)|GT ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS(8,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,2)|ABLE WEATHER SYSTEM(7,1)|BRINGING NUTRIENT RICH(7,1)|COMMUNITY PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFICATION(7,1)|GLOBAL PLANT BIOMASS(7,1)|NUTRIENT DEEP POOL(7,1)|OCEANIC DESERT(7,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN(7,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC FIXATION(7,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(7,1)|SUBTROPICAL LATITUDE(7,1)|SUSTAINED GLOBAL MANAGEMENT(7,1)|WORLD GLOBAL OCEAN BASIN(7,1)|BUOYANCY(6,3)|CLIMATE THERMOSTAT(6,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC(6,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(6,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION UNDERSTANDING(6,1)|OCEAN GARBAGE PATCH(6,1)|RESIDENT BIOMASS(6,1)|SOUTH ATLANTIC(6,1)|SUNLIGHT REFLECTIVITY(6,1)|WEAK SEASONAL CYCLE(6,1)|EXCHANGE WATER(5,4)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(5,3)|MARINE BUOYANT STRUCTURE(5,3)|ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION REGION(5,1)|BUOYANT PLATFORM(5,1)|EXTRA CARBON UPTAKE GT(5,1)|GEOSTATIONARY CAPACITY(5,1)|INTEGER EXCLUSION(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL SCALE AIRPORT(5,1)|LATITUDE NORTH(5,1)|LEISURE FACILITY(5,1)|OCEAN BIOMASS(5,1)|SEASONAL UPWARD MIXING(5,1)|STORM INTENSITY(5,1)|WORLD OCEAN(5,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL(4,4)|ALBEDO(4,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(4,2)|FIBER OPTIC(4,2)|TRANSITIONAL PHRASE(4,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS PRODUCTION(4,1)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(4,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION(4,1)|DEEP SEA(4,1)|DETRITAL MATTER(4,1)|HEMPERETE DENSITY(4,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|MARINE CONTEXT(4,1)|NATURAL PHOTO ZONE(4,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LEVEL(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC GROWTH PERIOD DAY(4,1)|REGULAR GEOMETRY(4,1)|LIQUID CRYSTAL SHUTTER(3,4)|FOSSIL FUEL(3,3)|ANCHORING FLOATATION(3,1)|APOLITICAL SOLUTION(3,1)|BIAS STATE(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL RATIO(3,1)|CONVERGENT PHYSICAL NATURE(3,1)|GLASS CHEMISTRY(3,1)|GLOBAL BIOMASS CARBON CYCLE(3,1)|GLORY(3,1)|INCREASED OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|NONESSENTIAL FEATURE(3,1)|PROPULSION TETHERING(3,1)|SHUTTERING(3,1)|STATED INTEGER(3,1)|TECTONIC ACTION(3,1)|TERM LITERAL INTERPRETATION(3,1)|TOURIST ATTRACTION(3,1)|VIABLE SOLUTION(3,1)|ADDITIVE(2,1)|ALKALINITY(2,1)|BUOYANT MARINE STRUCTURE(2,1)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE FABRIC(2,1)|CAPTURING ENERGY(2,1)|COLLECTION COMPONENT(2,1)|CORAL REEF(2,1)|EQUATOR(2,1)|FLOATING ISLAND(2,1)|GIGATONNE(2,1)|GLOBAL TOTAL(2,1)|GRASSLAND(2,1)||(US20240001295)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,50)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,21)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,11)|OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(100,4)|MAJOR OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(88,4)|HOUSING(55,4)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(52,11)|PLATFORM PERIPHERAL AREA(45,27)|MOON POOL(45,6)|AMENITY(43,9)|GLASS TENDRIL(33,8)|ATTRACTIVE SITE(33,1)|SEA(29,8)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(27,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(26,6)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(24,4)|STABLE ENVIRONMENT(24,1)|COPPER CONDUCTIVE CABLE(21,2)|REPAIR(20,1)|NUTRIENT(18,6)|HUNDRED(17,1)|WAVE PUMP TUBE(14,2)|SECURE SOURCE(14,1)|SUBTROPICAL OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(13,1)|FIBER OPTIC(12,3)|PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(12,3)|MITIGATE ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE IMPACT(12,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES CIRCULATION(12,1)|SOUTH PACIFIC OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(12,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION COUNTERING(11,1)|COMPONENT REPLACEMENT(11,1)|MAJOR OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(10,1)|LIGHT TREE(9,6)|CARBON CAPTURE(9,2)|SEA SURFACE(9,2)|DEEP OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(9,1)|SUBTROPICAL MAJOR OCEAN BASIN(9,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(8,10)|GT ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS(8,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,2)|ABLE WEATHER SYSTEM(7,1)|BRINGING NUTRIENT RICH(7,1)|COMMUNITY PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFICATION(7,1)|GLOBAL PLANT BIOMASS(7,1)|NUTRIENT DEEP POOL(7,1)|OCEANIC DESERT(7,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN(7,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC FIXATION(7,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(7,1)|SUBTROPICAL LATITUDE(7,1)|SUSTAINED GLOBAL MANAGEMENT(7,1)|WORLD GLOBAL OCEAN BASIN(7,1)|LIGHT PIPE(6,9)|BUOYANCY(6,3)|CLIMATE THERMOSTAT(6,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC(6,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(6,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION UNDERSTANDING(6,1)|OCEAN GARBAGE PATCH(6,1)|RESIDENT BIOMASS(6,1)|SOUTH ATLANTIC(6,1)|SUNLIGHT REFLECTIVITY(6,1)|WEAK SEASONAL CYCLE(6,1)|EXCHANGE WATER(5,4)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(5,3)|MARINE BUOYANT STRUCTURE(5,3)|ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION REGION(5,1)|BUOYANT PLATFORM(5,1)|CONTINUED CO2 UPTAKE(5,1)|EXTRA CARBON UPTAKE GT(5,1)|GEOSTATIONARY CAPACITY(5,1)|INTEGER EXCLUSION(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL SCALE AIRPORT(5,1)|LATITUDE NORTH(5,1)|LEISURE FACILITY(5,1)|OCEAN BIOMASS(5,1)|SEASONAL UPWARD MIXING(5,1)|STORM INTENSITY(5,1)|WORLD OCEAN(5,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL(4,4)|ALBEDO(4,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(4,2)|TRANSITIONAL PHRASE(4,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS PRODUCTION(4,1)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(4,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION(4,1)|DEEP SEA(4,1)|DETRITAL MATTER(4,1)|HEMPERETE DENSITY(4,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|MARINE CONTEXT(4,1)|NATURAL PHOTO ZONE(4,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LEVEL(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC GROWTH PERIOD DAY(4,1)|REGULAR GEOMETRY(4,1)|LIQUID CRYSTAL SHUTTER(3,4)|FOSSIL FUEL(3,3)|ANCHORING FLOATATION(3,1)|APOLITICAL SOLUTION(3,1)|BIAS STATE(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL RATIO(3,1)|CONVERGENT PHYSICAL NATURE(3,1)|GLASS CHEMISTRY(3,1)|GLOBAL BIOMASS CARBON CYCLE(3,1)|GLORY(3,1)|INCREASED OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|NONESSENTIAL FEATURE(3,1)|PROPULSION TETHERING(3,1)|SHUTTERING(3,1)|STATED INTEGER(3,1)|STRUCTURE SECTION MODULE(3,1)|SUBTHERMOCLINE WATER(3,1)|TECTONIC ACTION(3,1)|TERM LITERAL INTERPRETATION(3,1)|TOURIST ATTRACTION(3,1)|VIABLE SOLUTION(3,1)|ADDITIVE(2,1)|ALKALINITY(2,1)|BUOYANT MARINE STRUCTURE(2,1)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE FABRIC(2,1)|CAPTURING ENERGY(2,1)|COLLECTION COMPONENT(2,1)|CORAL REEF(2,1)|EQUATOR(2,1)|FLOATING ISLAND(2,1)|GIGATONNE(2,1)|GLOBAL TOTAL(2,1)||(WO2022/106823)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,48)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,20)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,10)|OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(100,4)|MAJOR OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(88,4)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(65,11)|MOON POOL(55,6)|HOUSING(50,3)|PLATFORM PERIPHERAL AREA(47,25)|AMENITY(44,8)|GLASS TENDRIL(41,8)|ATTRACTIVE SITE(41,1)|SEA(35,8)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(30,4)|STABLE ENVIRONMENT(30,1)|COPPER CONDUCTIVE CABLE(25,2)|MARINE(25,1)|REPAIR(25,1)|HUNDRED(21,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(20,6)|SECURE SOURCE(18,1)|WAVE PUMP TUBE(17,2)|SUBTROPICAL OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(17,1)|FIBER OPTIC(15,3)|MITIGATE ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE IMPACT(15,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES CIRCULATION(15,1)|SOUTH PACIFIC OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(15,1)|PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(14,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION COUNTERING(14,1)|COMPONENT REPLACEMENT(14,1)|MAJOR OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(13,1)|DEEP OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(12,1)|SUBTROPICAL MAJOR OCEAN BASIN(12,1)|LIGHT TREE(11,6)|CARBON CAPTURE(11,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(10,10)|GT ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS(10,1)|ABLE WEATHER SYSTEM(9,1)|BRINGING NUTRIENT RICH(9,1)|COMMUNITY PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFICATION(9,1)|GLOBAL PLANT BIOMASS(9,1)|NUTRIENT DEEP POOL(9,1)|OCEANIC DESERT(9,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN(9,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC FIXATION(9,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(9,1)|SUBTROPICAL LATITUDE(9,1)|SUSTAINED GLOBAL MANAGEMENT(9,1)|WORLD GLOBAL OCEAN BASIN(9,1)|LIGHT PIPE(8,9)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(8,2)|CLIMATE THERMOSTAT(8,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC(8,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(8,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION UNDERSTANDING(8,1)|OCEAN GARBAGE PATCH(8,1)|RESIDENT BIOMASS(8,1)|SOUTH ATLANTIC(8,1)|SUNLIGHT REFLECTIVITY(8,1)|WEAK SEASONAL CYCLE(8,1)|EXCHANGE WATER(7,4)|BUOYANCY(7,3)|ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION REGION(7,1)|BUOYANT PLATFORM(7,1)|CONTINUED CO2 UPTAKE(7,1)|EXTRA CARBON UPTAKE GT(7,1)|INTEGER EXCLUSION(7,1)|INTERNATIONAL SCALE AIRPORT(7,1)|LATITUDE NORTH(7,1)|LEISURE FACILITY(7,1)|OCEAN BIOMASS(7,1)|SEASONAL UPWARD MIXING(7,1)|STORM INTENSITY(7,1)|WORLD OCEAN(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL(6,4)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(6,3)|MARINE BUOYANT STRUCTURE(6,3)|ALBEDO(6,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS PRODUCTION(6,1)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION(6,1)|DEEP SEA(6,1)|DETRITAL MATTER(6,1)|HEMPCRETE DENSITY(6,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|MARINE CONTEXT(6,1)|NATURAL PHOTO ZONE(6,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LEVEL(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC GROWTH PERIOD DAY(6,1)|REGULAR GEOMETRY(6,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(5,2)|TRANSITIONAL PHRASE(5,2)|LIQUID CRYSTAL SHUTTER(4,4)|FOSSIL FUEL(4,3)|ANCHORING FLOATATION(4,1)|APOLITICAL SOLUTION(4,1)|BIAS STATE(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL RATIO(4,1)|CONVERGENT PHYSICAL NATURE(4,1)|GEO STATIONARY CAPACITY(4,1)|GLASS CHEMISTRY(4,1)|GLOBAL BIOMASS CARBON CYCLE(4,1)|GLORY(4,1)|INCREASED OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|PROPULSION TETHERING(4,1)|SHUTTERING(4,1)|STATED INTEGER(4,1)|STRUCTURE SECTION MODULE(4,1)|SUBTHERMOCLINE WATER(4,1)|TECTONIC ACTION(4,1)|TERM LITERAL INTERPRETATION(4,1)|TOURIST ATTRACTION(4,1)|VIABLE SOLUTION(4,1)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ALKALINITY(3,1)|BUOYANT MARINE STRUCTURE(3,1)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE FABRIC(3,1)|CAPTURING ENERGY(3,1)|COLLECTION COMPONENT(3,1)|CORAL REEF(3,1)|EQUATOR(3,1)|FLOATING ISLAND(3,1)|GIGATONNE(3,1)|GLOBAL TOTAL(3,1)|GRAPHENE(3,1)|GRASSLAND(3,1)||(GB2634415)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,42)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,15)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,7)|OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(100,3)|CARBON OUTPUT(100,2)|GLOBAL ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON OUTPUT(100,2)|MAJOR OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(88,3)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(68,11)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(65,1)|MOON POOL(59,6)|CARBON GT(56,2)|SUBTHERMOCLINE WATER(54,5)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(50,3)|PLATFORM PERIPHERAL AREA(49,23)|AMENITY(46,6)|ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS PRODUCTION(46,1)|ATTRACTIVE SITE(43,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(42,2)|INCREASED OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY(42,1)|SEA(38,8)|VIABLE SOLUTION(38,1)|HOUSING(35,2)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(35,2)|GLASS TENDRIL(34,7)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(34,6)|STABLE ENVIRONMENT(32,1)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(30,4)|LIGHT TRANSMISSION(29,9)|COPPER CONDUCTIVE CABLE(27,2)|INCREASING UPTAKE(27,1)|REPAIR(27,1)|LIGHT TREE(26,7)|LEISURE INDUSTRY(24,1)|NUTRIENT(23,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(23,2)|CEMENT INDUSTRY(23,1)|GRIDLIKE PERIPHERAL PLATFORM AREA(23,1)|HUNDRED(23,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(20,10)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(20,3)|SECURE SOURCE(19,1)|WAVE PUMP TUBE(18,2)|SUBTROPICAL OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(18,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(17,3)|MITIGATE ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE IMPACT(16,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES CIRCULATION(16,1)|SOUTH PACIFIC OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(16,1)|PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(15,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION COUNTERING(15,1)|COMPONENT REPLACEMENT(15,1)|MAJOR OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(14,1)|SEA SURFACE(12,2)|DEEP OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(12,1)|INVENTIONACCORDING SUMMARY(12,1)|LIVING SPACE(12,1)|SUBTROPICAL MAJOR OCEAN BASIN(12,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(11,2)|GT ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS(11,1)|LIGHT PIPE(10,8)|ABLE WEATHER SYSTEM(10,1)|BRINGING NUTRIENT RICH(10,1)|COMMUNITY PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFICATION(10,1)|GLOBAL PLANT BIOMASS(10,1)|NUTRIENT DEEP POOL(10,1)|OCEANIC DESERT(10,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN(10,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC FIXATION(10,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(10,1)|SUBTROPICAL LATITUDE(10,1)|SUSTAINED GLOBAL MANAGEMENT(10,1)|WORLD GLOBAL OCEAN BASIN(10,1)|CLIMATE THERMOSTAT(9,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC(9,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION UNDERSTANDING(9,1)|OCEAN GARBAGE PATCH(9,1)|RESIDENT BIOMASS(9,1)|SOUTH ATLANTIC(9,1)|SUNLIGHT REFLECTIVITY(9,1)|WEAK SEASONAL CYCLE(9,1)|EXCHANGE WATER(7,4)|ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION REGION(7,1)|BUOYANT PLATFORM(7,1)|EXTRA CARBON UPTAKE GT(7,1)|INTEGER EXCLUSION(7,1)|INTERNATIONAL SCALE AIRPORT(7,1)|LATITUDE NORTH(7,1)|LEISURE FACILITY(7,1)|OCEAN BIOMASS(7,1)|SEASONAL UPWARD MIXING(7,1)|STORM INTENSITY(7,1)|WORLD OCEAN(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL(6,4)|MARINE BUOYANT STRUCTURE(6,3)|ALBEDO(6,2)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION(6,1)|DEEP SEA(6,1)|DETRITAL MATTER(6,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|MARINE CONTEXT(6,1)|NATURAL PHOTO ZONE(6,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LEVEL(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC GROWTH PERIOD DAY(6,1)|REGULAR GEOMETRY(6,1)|LIQUID CRYSTAL SHUTTER(5,4)|FIBER OPTIC(5,2)|TRANSITIONAL PHRASE(5,2)|ANCHORING FLOATATION(5,1)|APOLITICAL SOLUTION(5,1)|BIAS STATE(5,1)|BUOYANCY(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL RATIO(5,1)|CONVERGENT PHYSICAL NATURE(5,1)|GEO STATIONARY CAPACITY(5,1)|GLOBAL BIOMASS CARBON CYCLE(5,1)|GLORY(5,1)|NONESSENTIAL FEATURE(5,1)|PROPULSION TETHERING(5,1)|SHUTTERING(5,1)|STATED INTEGER(5,1)|TECTONIC ACTION(5,1)|TERM LITERAL INTERPRETATION(5,1)|TOURIST ATTRACTION(5,1)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ALKALINITY(3,1)|BUOYANT MARINE STRUCTURE(3,1)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE FABRIC(3,1)|CAPTURING ENERGY(3,1)|COLLECTION COMPONENT(3,1)||(GB2634415)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,42)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,15)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,7)|OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(100,3)|CARBON OUTPUT(100,2)|GLOBAL ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON OUTPUT(100,2)|MAJOR OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(88,3)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(68,11)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(65,1)|MOON POOL(59,6)|CARBON GT(56,2)|SUBTHERMOCLINE WATER(54,5)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(50,3)|PLATFORM PERIPHERAL AREA(49,23)|AMENITY(46,6)|ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS PRODUCTION(46,1)|ATTRACTIVE SITE(43,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(42,2)|INCREASED OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY(42,1)|SEA(38,8)|VIABLE SOLUTION(38,1)|HOUSING(35,2)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(35,2)|GLASS TENDRIL(34,7)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(34,6)|STABLE ENVIRONMENT(32,1)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(30,4)|LIGHT TRANSMISSION(29,9)|COPPER CONDUCTIVE CABLE(27,2)|INCREASING UPTAKE(27,1)|REPAIR(27,1)|LIGHT TREE(26,7)|LEISURE INDUSTRY(24,1)|NUTRIENT(23,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(23,2)|CEMENT INDUSTRY(23,1)|GRIDLIKE PERIPHERAL PLATFORM AREA(23,1)|HUNDRED(23,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(20,10)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(20,3)|SECURE SOURCE(19,1)|WAVE PUMP TUBE(18,2)|SUBTROPICAL OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(18,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(17,3)|MITIGATE ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE IMPACT(16,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES CIRCULATION(16,1)|SOUTH PACIFIC OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(16,1)|PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(15,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION COUNTERING(15,1)|COMPONENT REPLACEMENT(15,1)|MAJOR OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(14,1)|SEA SURFACE(12,2)|DEEP OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(12,1)|INVENTIONACCORDING SUMMARY(12,1)|LIVING SPACE(12,1)|SUBTROPICAL MAJOR OCEAN BASIN(12,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(11,2)|GT ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS(11,1)|LIGHT PIPE(10,8)|ABLE WEATHER SYSTEM(10,1)|BRINGING NUTRIENT RICH(10,1)|COMMUNITY PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFICATION(10,1)|GLOBAL PLANT BIOMASS(10,1)|NUTRIENT DEEP POOL(10,1)|OCEANIC DESERT(10,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN(10,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC FIXATION(10,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(10,1)|SUBTROPICAL LATITUDE(10,1)|SUSTAINED GLOBAL MANAGEMENT(10,1)|WORLD GLOBAL OCEAN BASIN(10,1)|CLIMATE THERMOSTAT(9,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC(9,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION UNDERSTANDING(9,1)|OCEAN GARBAGE PATCH(9,1)|RESIDENT BIOMASS(9,1)|SOUTH ATLANTIC(9,1)|SUNLIGHT REFLECTIVITY(9,1)|WEAK SEASONAL CYCLE(9,1)|EXCHANGE WATER(7,4)|ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION REGION(7,1)|BUOYANT PLATFORM(7,1)|EXTRA CARBON UPTAKE GT(7,1)|INTEGER EXCLUSION(7,1)|INTERNATIONAL SCALE AIRPORT(7,1)|LATITUDE NORTH(7,1)|LEISURE FACILITY(7,1)|OCEAN BIOMASS(7,1)|SEASONAL UPWARD MIXING(7,1)|STORM INTENSITY(7,1)|WORLD OCEAN(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL(6,4)|MARINE BUOYANT STRUCTURE(6,3)|ALBEDO(6,2)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION(6,1)|DEEP SEA(6,1)|DETRITAL MATTER(6,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|MARINE CONTEXT(6,1)|NATURAL PHOTO ZONE(6,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LEVEL(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC GROWTH PERIOD DAY(6,1)|REGULAR GEOMETRY(6,1)|LIQUID CRYSTAL SHUTTER(5,4)|FIBER OPTIC(5,2)|TRANSITIONAL PHRASE(5,2)|ANCHORING FLOATATION(5,1)|APOLITICAL SOLUTION(5,1)|BIAS STATE(5,1)|BUOYANCY(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL RATIO(5,1)|CONVERGENT PHYSICAL NATURE(5,1)|GEO STATIONARY CAPACITY(5,1)|GLOBAL BIOMASS CARBON CYCLE(5,1)|GLORY(5,1)|NONESSENTIAL FEATURE(5,1)|PROPULSION TETHERING(5,1)|SHUTTERING(5,1)|STATED INTEGER(5,1)|TECTONIC ACTION(5,1)|TERM LITERAL INTERPRETATION(5,1)|TOURIST ATTRACTION(5,1)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ALKALINITY(3,1)|BUOYANT MARINE STRUCTURE(3,1)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE FABRIC(3,1)|CAPTURING ENERGY(3,1)|COLLECTION COMPONENT(3,1)||(GB2601135)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,43)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,15)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,7)|HOUSING(78,4)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(73,11)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(70,1)|MOON POOL(62,6)|CARBON GT(60,2)|PLATFORM PERIPHERAL AREA(56,23)|AMENITY(54,7)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(53,3)|MAJOR OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(50,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS PRODUCTION(49,1)|GLASS TENDRIL(46,8)|ATTRACTIVE SITE(46,1)|INCREASED OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY(45,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(44,2)|VIABLE SOLUTION(41,1)|SEA(40,8)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(37,2)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(34,4)|STABLE ENVIRONMENT(34,1)|COPPER CONDUCTIVE CABLE(29,2)|INCREASING UPTAKE(28,1)|REPAIR(28,1)|LEISURE INDUSTRY(26,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(25,2)|CEMENT INDUSTRY(24,1)|HUNDRED(24,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(23,6)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(22,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE(21,10)|SECURE SOURCE(20,1)|WAVE PUMP TUBE(19,2)|SUBTROPICAL OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(19,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(18,3)|FIBER OPTIC(17,3)|MITIGATE ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE IMPACT(17,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES CIRCULATION(17,1)|SOUTH PACIFIC OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(17,1)|PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(16,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION COUNTERING(16,1)|COMPONENT REPLACEMENT(16,1)|MAJOR OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(15,1)|LIGHT TREE(13,6)|DEEP OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(13,1)|LIVING SPACE(13,1)|SUBTROPICAL MAJOR OCEAN BASIN(13,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(12,2)|GT ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS(12,1)|ABLE WEATHER SYSTEM(10,1)|BRINGING NUTRIENT RICH(10,1)|COMMUNITY PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFICATION(10,1)|GLOBAL PLANT BIOMASS(10,1)|NUTRIENT DEEP POOL(10,1)|OCEANIC DESERT(10,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN(10,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC FIXATION(10,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(10,1)|SUBTROPICAL LATITUDE(10,1)|SUSTAINED GLOBAL MANAGEMENT(10,1)|WORLD GLOBAL OCEAN BASIN(10,1)|LIGHT PIPE(9,8)|CLIMATE THERMOSTAT(9,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC(9,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION UNDERSTANDING(9,1)|OCEAN GARBAGE PATCH(9,1)|RESIDENT BIOMASS(9,1)|SOUTH ATLANTIC(9,1)|SUNLIGHT REFLECTIVITY(9,1)|WEAK SEASONAL CYCLE(9,1)|EXCHANGE WATER(8,4)|ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION REGION(8,1)|BUOYANT PLATFORM(8,1)|EXTRA CARBON UPTAKE GT(8,1)|INTEGER EXCLUSION(8,1)|INTERNATIONAL SCALE AIRPORT(8,1)|LATITUDE NORTH(8,1)|LEISURE FACILITY(8,1)|OCEAN BIOMASS(8,1)|SEASONAL UPWARD MIXING(8,1)|STORM INTENSITY(8,1)|WORLD OCEAN(8,1)|MARINE BUOYANT STRUCTURE(7,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL(6,4)|ALBEDO(6,2)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION(6,1)|DEEP SEA(6,1)|DETRITAL MATTER(6,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|MARINE CONTEXT(6,1)|NATURAL PHOTO ZONE(6,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LEVEL(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC GROWTH PERIOD DAY(6,1)|REGULAR GEOMETRY(6,1)|LIQUID CRYSTAL SHUTTER(5,4)|TRANSITIONAL PHRASE(5,2)|ANCHORING FLOATATION(5,1)|APOLITICAL SOLUTION(5,1)|BIAS STATE(5,1)|BUOYANCY(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL RATIO(5,1)|CONVERGENT PHYSICAL NATURE(5,1)|GEO STATIONARY CAPACITY(5,1)|GLOBAL BIOMASS CARBON CYCLE(5,1)|GLORY(5,1)|NONESSENTIAL FEATURE(5,1)|PROPULSION TETHERING(5,1)|SHUTTERING(5,1)|STATED INTEGER(5,1)|STRUCTURE SECTION MODULE(5,1)|SUBTHERMOCLINE WATER(5,1)|TECTONIC ACTION(5,1)|TERM LITERAL INTERPRETATION(5,1)|TOURIST ATTRACTION(5,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ALKALINITY(4,1)|BUOYANT MARINE STRUCTURE(4,1)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE FABRIC(4,1)|CAPTURING ENERGY(4,1)|COLLECTION COMPONENT(4,1)|CORAL REEF(4,1)||(GB2601135)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,43)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,15)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION BUOYANT STRUCTURE(100,7)|HOUSING(78,4)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(73,11)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(70,1)|MOON POOL(62,6)|CARBON GT(60,2)|PLATFORM PERIPHERAL AREA(56,23)|AMENITY(54,7)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(53,3)|MAJOR OCEAN GYRE CIRCULATION(50,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS PRODUCTION(49,1)|GLASS TENDRIL(46,8)|ATTRACTIVE SITE(46,1)|INCREASED OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY(45,1)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(44,2)|VIABLE SOLUTION(41,1)|SEA(40,8)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(37,2)|PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL(34,4)|STABLE ENVIRONMENT(34,1)|COPPER CONDUCTIVE CABLE(29,2)|INCREASING UPTAKE(28,1)|REPAIR(28,1)|LEISURE INDUSTRY(26,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(25,2)|CEMENT INDUSTRY(24,1)|HUNDRED(24,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(23,6)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(22,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE(21,10)|SECURE SOURCE(20,1)|WAVE PUMP TUBE(19,2)|SUBTROPICAL OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(19,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(18,3)|FIBER OPTIC(17,3)|MITIGATE ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE IMPACT(17,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES CIRCULATION(17,1)|SOUTH PACIFIC OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(17,1)|PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(16,3)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION COUNTERING(16,1)|COMPONENT REPLACEMENT(16,1)|MAJOR OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(15,1)|LIGHT TREE(13,6)|DEEP OCEAN OLIGOTROPHIC GYRES(13,1)|LIVING SPACE(13,1)|SUBTROPICAL MAJOR OCEAN BASIN(13,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(12,2)|GT ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC EXCESS(12,1)|ABLE WEATHER SYSTEM(10,1)|BRINGING NUTRIENT RICH(10,1)|COMMUNITY PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFICATION(10,1)|GLOBAL PLANT BIOMASS(10,1)|NUTRIENT DEEP POOL(10,1)|OCEANIC DESERT(10,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN(10,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC FIXATION(10,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(10,1)|SUBTROPICAL LATITUDE(10,1)|SUSTAINED GLOBAL MANAGEMENT(10,1)|WORLD GLOBAL OCEAN BASIN(10,1)|LIGHT PIPE(9,8)|CLIMATE THERMOSTAT(9,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC(9,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION UNDERSTANDING(9,1)|OCEAN GARBAGE PATCH(9,1)|RESIDENT BIOMASS(9,1)|SOUTH ATLANTIC(9,1)|SUNLIGHT REFLECTIVITY(9,1)|WEAK SEASONAL CYCLE(9,1)|EXCHANGE WATER(8,4)|ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION REGION(8,1)|BUOYANT PLATFORM(8,1)|EXTRA CARBON UPTAKE GT(8,1)|INTEGER EXCLUSION(8,1)|INTERNATIONAL SCALE AIRPORT(8,1)|LATITUDE NORTH(8,1)|LEISURE FACILITY(8,1)|OCEAN BIOMASS(8,1)|SEASONAL UPWARD MIXING(8,1)|STORM INTENSITY(8,1)|WORLD OCEAN(8,1)|MARINE BUOYANT STRUCTURE(7,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL(6,4)|ALBEDO(6,2)|DEEP NUTRIENT RICH WATER(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN CIRCULATION(6,1)|DEEP SEA(6,1)|DETRITAL MATTER(6,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|MARINE CONTEXT(6,1)|NATURAL PHOTO ZONE(6,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LEVEL(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC GROWTH PERIOD DAY(6,1)|REGULAR GEOMETRY(6,1)|LIQUID CRYSTAL SHUTTER(5,4)|TRANSITIONAL PHRASE(5,2)|ANCHORING FLOATATION(5,1)|APOLITICAL SOLUTION(5,1)|BIAS STATE(5,1)|BUOYANCY(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL RATIO(5,1)|CONVERGENT PHYSICAL NATURE(5,1)|GEO STATIONARY CAPACITY(5,1)|GLOBAL BIOMASS CARBON CYCLE(5,1)|GLORY(5,1)|NONESSENTIAL FEATURE(5,1)|PROPULSION TETHERING(5,1)|SHUTTERING(5,1)|STATED INTEGER(5,1)|STRUCTURE SECTION MODULE(5,1)|SUBTHERMOCLINE WATER(5,1)|TECTONIC ACTION(5,1)|TERM LITERAL INTERPRETATION(5,1)|TOURIST ATTRACTION(5,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ALKALINITY(4,1)|BUOYANT MARINE STRUCTURE(4,1)|BUOYANT STRUCTURE FABRIC(4,1)|CAPTURING ENERGY(4,1)|COLLECTION COMPONENT(4,1)|CORAL REEF(4,1)| | (US12472466)|The invention claimed is:|1. A marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structures for capturing global anthropogenic carbon output, each structure comprising:| a frame;| a peripheral platform area which houses accommodation and amenities; and| carbon sequestration apparatus, the carbon sequestration apparatus comprising light transmitting means in the form of light pipes or light trees for connecting with sub-thermocline waters,| wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus, and| wherein each structure is modular, comprising a plurality of units coupled together, whereby the one or more structures capture up to 10 Gt of carbon per year.|2. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral platform area is configured to at least partially encompass the carbon sequestration apparatus.|3. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral platform area has an annular form.|4. A structure according to claim 3, wherein the structure further comprises a moon pool provided within the peripheral platform area.|5. A structure according to claim 4, wherein the moon pool has a diameter of up to approximately 40-50 km and the peripheral platform area is substantially 1-4 km wide.|6. A structure according to claim 4, wherein the carbon sequestration apparatus is mountable within the moon pool.|7. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral platform area is provided as a cross-shaped or grid-like configuration, where the carbon sequestration apparatus is provided between elements of the cross-shaped or grid-like peripheral platform area extending normally to one another.|8. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the light transmitting means are glass tendrils for connecting with sub thermocline waters.|9. A structure according to claim 8, wherein the glass tendrils extend approximately 70 to 300 metres below the water surface level.|10. A structure according to claim 9, wherein the glass tendrils extend around 10 km radially outward.|11. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the carbon sequestration apparatus further comprises water exchanging means.|12. A structure according to claim 11, wherein the water exchanging means comprises wave pump tubes.|13. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the carbon sequestration apparatus further comprises monitoring means for monitoring carbon dioxide levels/carbon capture quantities.|14. A structure according to claim 1, wherein said structure is situated in oligotrophic gyres.|15. A structure according to claim 1, wherein modules of the structure are rigidly or semi-rigidly coupled.|16. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the carbon sequestration apparatus further comprises light providing means.|17. A structure according to claim 16, wherein the light providing means comprises: a plurality of photo-voltaic panels; copper conducting cables; and light emitting diodes.|18. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the carbon sequestration apparatus further comprises control means.|19. A structure according to claim 18, wherein the control means is a shutter.|20. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the carbon sequestration apparatus further comprises a lens.|21. A method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure comprising a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure, comprising: a frame; a peripheral platform area which houses accommodation and amenities; and carbon sequestration apparatus, the carbon sequestration apparatus comprising light transmitting means in the form of light pipes or light trees for connecting with sub-thermocline waters, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus, and wherein each structure is modular, comprising a plurality of units coupled together, whereby the one or more structures capture up to 10 Gt of carbon per year, in a major ocean gyre circulation. | (US12472466)|CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS|[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to International Application No. PCT/GB2021/052986, filed on Nov. 18, 2021, which claims the benefit of United Kingdom Application No. 2018151.7, filed Nov. 18, 2020, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.|(US12472466)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0002] The present invention relates to a carbon sequestration buoyant structure and in particular, the invention relates to a structure suitable for carbon sequestration, and for housing accommodation and amenities within a marine based environment.|BACKGROUND|[0003] It is widely accepted that increasing levels of carbon dioxide, as well as other greenhouse gases, are a primary driver of climate change. As such, there exists a need to increase carbon sequestration in order to capture more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ocean, and convert it into secure sources which lock the carbon away for hundreds or thousands of years. In this connection, photosynthetic organisms in the ocean such as phytoplankton are capable of capturing carbon via photosynthetic fixation and carbon can be stored short-term in living biomass and longer-term in deep ocean circulation, sinking detrital matter, marine sediments and eventually the sea-bed.|[0004] Global biomass cycles approximately 200 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon annually with the atmosphere, where 1 Gt=109 (10,000,000,000) tonnes, Human carbon dioxide emissions contribute to the growing problem, adding a further imbalance of around 7-9 Gt annually, mainly through the burning of fossil fuels, and cement production. The Global biomass carbon cycle is reasonably evenly split between the land and the ocean, with the land having the small majority share.|[0005] In this respect, the oceans contain only around 3.0% of the global plant biomass at any one time, but their turnover is rapid. It therefore follows that a small increase in ocean biomass, for example to 3.3% or perhaps 3.5% of the global total, would effect the countering of anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels and cement.|[0006] However, the oceans are light limited and so typically only the top 30-70 metres of the ocean is illuminated sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur. On average, the oceans are around 4000 metres deep which means only around 1% of the ocean is available for primary production.|[0007] Furthermore, over a significant proportion of the ocean surface, photosynthesis is co-limited by nutrient concentrations. However, the nutrient concentrations in deep waters remain high, and are therefore a potential resource for photosynthesis.|[0008] In GB2462865, there is disclosed a marine-based carbon sequestration device which includes light collecting components, light conduit components and light emitting components designed to create light zones, located away from the natural photo zone of a marine environment.|[0009] Whilst providing important information relating to apparatus for carbon sequestration in a marine context, GB2462865 has its limitations with respect to implementation of such apparatus.|[0010] The present invention as such aims to provide a commercially viable solution to the problem of oceanic carbon sequestration, in order to negate carbon dioxide emissions from both the fossil fuel and cement industries.|[0011] The present invention aims to provide a structure that will facilitate increased ocean productivity, increased uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide compared to current anthropogenic excess production, and reduction of ocean acidification, alongside the provision of a vast new living space and leisure industry.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0012] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure, comprising:| - a frame;| - a peripheral platform area for housing accommodation and amenities;| - and carbon sequestration apparatus;| - wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and the carbon sequestration apparatus.|[0017] In this connection, the peripheral platform area is configured to at least partially encompass the carbon sequestration apparatus.|[0018] In this regard, the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure comprises carbon sequestration apparatus configured for use in the major ocean gyre circulations. More particularly, the structure is configured for use in the five major ocean oligotrophic gyres.|[0019] In this regard, the structure comprises propulsion/tethering/anchoring/floatation mechanisms suitable for stabilising the structure in oligotrophic gyres. These may include particular buoyancy means for the light capturing devices, and manoeuvring means to maintain the structure in a geo-stationary, or substantially geostationary capacity.|[0020] In this connection, oligotrophic gyres are situated between approximately 10-40 degrees latitude north and south of the equator. In total these gyres make up approximately 1/7th, approximately 50 million square kilometres, of the ocean surface. The oligotrophic gyres are the anticyclonic circulation regions of the tropical and subtropical major ocean basins, which rotate clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern hemisphere. Nutrient concentrations of the near surface layers run out quickly in these regions after the first few days of a photosynthetic growth period and remain largely depleted until and unless storms and cooling overturn the water column and mix deeper waters into the surface layers.|[0021] Due to the convergent physical nature of the circulation of the oligotrophic gyres, there is little significant seasonal upward mixing of nutrient rich waters into the surface layers, which have comparatively weak seasonal cycles. Only occasional intense storms ventilate the deep pool of nutrients into what is otherwise a vast oceanic desert where the existing nutrients are “locked up” by resident biomass, providing little carbon uptake per unit area. This ventilation process seldom occurs in the 5 tropical and sub-tropical oligotrophic gyres of the world's global ocean basins.|[0022] In this regard, the present invention aims to address the problems associated with oceanic carbon sequestration, particularly in relation to oligotrophic gyres.|[0023] Oligotrophic gyres are attractive sites in that they are some of the world's most stable environments with comparably stable and easily forecastable weather systems. Their deep water location puts them at very low risk from Tsunamis caused by tectonic action, and their remote location makes them an apolitical solution for sustained global management without national bias.|[0024] The scale of the buoyant structure allows for suitable monitoring of the quantity of carbon sequestration at Real Time or Near Real Time|[0025] The scale of the buoyant structure allows for a peripheral platform area for housing both accommodation and amenities. The peripheral platform area can in this respect host a wide variety of accommodation and amenities, including for example: hotels, bars, restaurants, and other tourist attractions, as well as an international airport.|[0026] The frame supports the peripheral platform area and also affords structure from which the carbon sequestration apparatus can be mounted. The carbon sequestration apparatus can be contained but free-floating. Alternatively, the apparatus may be geometrically locked, or held in a semi- or fully-rigid geodesic spaceframe. The apparatus is modular to allow for easy repair and replacement of individual components.|[0027] In this regard, the peripheral platform area preferably takes on an annular shape. As such, the marine-based structure may conveniently comprise a moon pool within the peripheral platform area. The carbon sequestration apparatus may as such be mounted in the moon pool.|[0028] The moon pool may have a diameter of substantially 46 kilometres.|[0029] In a further alternative embodiment, the peripheral platform area is provided as a cross-shaped or grid-like configuration. In such a configuration, the carbon sequestration apparatus is preferably provided between elements of the peripheral platform area extending normally, or at some other regular geometry, to one another.|[0030] Preferably, the carbon sequestration apparatus comprises a light transmitting means. Optionally, the apparatus comprises a light providing means, Optionally, the apparatus comprises a light transmitting means and a light providing means.|[0031] Conveniently, the light transmitting means may comprise a plurality of light pipes or light trees. The light pipes or light trees may be in the form of glass tendrils, comprising fibre-optic elements. The glass tendrils may conveniently extend approximately 70 to 300 metres below the water surface level. This enables light transmission into the depths below the surface water, where nutrients are present, in order to facilitate photosynthesis. Preferably, the light pipes or trees may further comprise a surface lens.|[0032] Preferably, the glass tendrils may also extend around 10 kilometres radially outward. In this way, light transmission into the water below and surrounding the buoyant marine-based structure is maximised.|[0033] Typically, each buoyant platform could preferably support around 1.5 billion light pipes or light trees.|[0034] Whilst glass tendrils are one option, other suitable deep ocean light transmitting means may also be used.|[0035] Preferably, the light providing means may comprise a plurality of photo-voltaic panels, electrical conductors, and artificial light emitting devices. The photo-voltaic panels can produce electrical current at the water surface.|[0036] Preferably, the electrical conductors can be copper conducting cables.|[0037] The light emitting devices can preferably be light emitting diodes. More particularly, the light emitting diodes can have general or specific wavelengths to create artificial light at depth. The electrical conductors may conveniently extend approximately 70 to 300 metres below the water surface level. This enables light provision into the depths below the surface water, where nutrients are present, in order to facilitate photosynthesis.|[0038] Light capture and transmission may be optimised for wavelength. This can be achieved through the use of filters, and/or specific wavelength light emitters. The apparatus may further comprise lenses. Lenses can be used to focus the surface light to maximise light transmission and energy capture.|[0039] Conveniently, the carbon sequestration apparatus may further comprise a water exchanging means.|[0040] The water exchanging means may preferably comprise wave pump tubes. In this regard, the wave pump tubes preferably facilitate exchange of water between the surface and deeper levels by enhancing pumping and mixing across a thermal gradient.|[0041] Other suitable water exchanging means may also be used.|[0042] The primary productivity (photosynthesis) which is necessary for carbon sequestration is preferably facilitated by a) illuminating deep nutrient rich waters via the light transmitting or light providing means; and b) bringing nutrient rich waters to the surface and breaking down the strong thermocline to increase mixing across the temperature gradient separating the nutrient deplete surface waters and the deeper ocean via the water exchanging means.|[0043] Conveniently, the carbon sequestration apparatus may further comprise monitoring means for monitoring: dissolved carbon dioxide levels of carbon capture quantities; carbon to chlorophyll ratios; pH and alkalinity; and community phytoplankton species identification.|[0044] Preferably, the carbon sequestration apparatus further comprises control means, to control the productivity of the apparatus. The control means preferably comprises shutters at the surface of the light transmitting means. The shutters may be moveable between an open and a closed position in order to provide reflectivity of sunlight reaching the earth's surface when necessary. The shutter can be used to optimise light amplitude for photosynthetic efficiency. The shutter can be a mechanical shutter, or a liquid crystal shutter.|[0045] Mechanical shutters may take the form of iris diaphragms. Liquid crystal shutters may reflect light by increasing albedo using the mirroring effect of the shuttering mechanism. Liquid crystal shutters may take the form of cross polarisers. Both mechanical and liquid crystal shutters create greater albedo when the shutter is closed.|[0046] The marine-based buoyant structure of the present invention may have a diameter of substantially 50 kilometres.|[0047] The marine-based buoyant structure of the present invention may conveniently be sectional and/or modular. The structure may be rigidly or semi-rigidly coupled.|[0048] Preferably, the marine-based buoyant structure of the present invention is situated in oligotrophic gyres. In this regard, the structure is preferably configured to be geo-stationary or substantially geo-stationary. Preferably, the buoyant structure will be modular, with each module made up of many semi-rigidly connected hull units. In total the buoyant structure may comprise as many as 10,000 hull units.|[0049] Each hull unit may in this regard be created using 3D printing, and is hence easily replaceable. The buoyant structure is preferably self-propelled by propulsion units. Propulsion units may be conventional or novel means such as hydrodynamic wave energy, or magneto hydrodynamic energy conversion, or any suitable means.|[0050] According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure as defined above in a major ocean gyre circulation.|[0051] The various aspects of the present invention can be practiced alone or in combination with one or more of the other aspects, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant arts. The various aspects of the invention can optionally be provided in combination with one or more of the optional features of the other aspects of the invention. Also, optional features described in relation to one aspect can typically be combined alone or together with other features in different aspects of the invention. Any subject matter described in this specification can be combined with any other subject matter in the specification to form a novel combination.|[0052] Various aspects of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Still other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the entire description thereof, including the figures, which illustrates a number of exemplary aspects and implementations. The invention is also capable of other and different examples and aspects, and its several details can be modified in various respects, all without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, each example herein should be understood to have broad application; and is meant to illustrate one possible way of carrying out the invention, without intending to suggest that the scope of this disclosure, including the claims, is limited to that example. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein is solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in scope, In particular, unless otherwise stated, dimensions and numerical values included herein are presented as examples illustrating one possible aspect of the claimed subject matter, without limiting the disclosure to the particular dimensions or values recited. All numerical values in this disclosure are understood as being modified by “about”. All singular forms of elements, or any other components described herein are understood to include plural forms thereof and vice versa.|[0053] Language such as “including”, “comprising”, “having”, “containing”, or “involving” and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. Likewise, the term “comprising” is considered synonymous with the terms “including” or “containing” for applicable legal purposes. Thus, throughout the specification and claims unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise” or variations thereof such as “comprises” or “comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.|[0054] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like is included in the specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters formed part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention.|[0055] In this disclosure, whenever a composition, an element or a group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising”, it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition, element or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting essentially of”, “consisting”, “selected from the group of consisting of”, “including”, or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element or group of elements and vice versa. In this disclosure, the words “typically” or “optionally” are to be understood as being intended to indicate optional or non-essential features of the invention which are present in certain examples but which can be omitted in others without departing from the scope of the invention.|[0056] References to directional and positional descriptions such as upper and lower and directions e.g. “up”, “down” etc. are to be interpreted by a skilled reader in the context of the examples described to refer to the orientation of features shown in the drawings, and are not to be interpreted as limiting the invention to the literal interpretation of the term, but instead should be as understood by the skilled addressee.|(US12472466)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0057] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:|[0058] FIG. 1 is a representative view of an example of a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure, according to one embodiment of the present invention.|(US12472466)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0059] Referring to FIG. 1, a representative view is provided of a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure, according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0060] In this example, the buoyant structure is approximately 50 kilometres in diameter and takes the form of a man-made floating island or raft. The buoyant structure is self-propelled and comprises a peripheral platform area 1 supported on a frame. The peripheral platform area may typically be approximately 2 kilometres wide in a radial direction. As shown, in this example, the peripheral platform area is annular.|[0061] Although not shown in FIG. 1, the structure may be sectional and/or modular. The sections may be rigidly or semi-rigidly coupled. In this regard, the structure may comprise a plurality of polygonal profiled elements coupled together. For example, regular polygonal shaped elements, such as hexagons may be used as building blocks for the structure. Each such element may be around 11 km flat side to flat side and in this case 19 of them could form a full structure|[0062] In this connection, whilst alternative materials may be used to form the buoyant structure, hemperete or a similar natural fibre based building material may be preferred. In this respect, compared to grassland, hemp plant absorbs a high level of atmospheric CO2 as it grows, and consequently hemperete may lock away a net 100 kg of CO2 per metre cubed or more. As such, it represents a carbon zero or better than carbon zero construction solution.|[0063] Furthermore, appropriate buoyancy for the structure can be readily attained, with the typical density of hemperete falling within 93-136 kg/m3.|[0064] In order to enhance buoyancy, the hemperete may be at least partially plasticised. In this regard, areas of the hemperete may be left un-plasticised to promote continued CO2 uptake. For example, upward facing or upper areas of the structure may be un-plasticised.|[0065] As shown, a giant moon-pool is formed within the peripheral platform area 1. The moon-pool has a diameter of substantially 46 kilometres with the entire structure being substantially 50 kilometres in diameter.|[0066] The moon-pool is occupied by devices (2) for connecting the surface waters with sub-thermocline waters. These devices may include pipes to exchange water, and transparent bodies (3) to carry light and/or radiative heat to deep nutrient rich waters (4). Such bodies (3) may take the form of light pipes or light trees, for example having glass tendrils formed of fibre-optic elements. The light pipes or light trees may be provided with a surface lens for enhancing their function. The light pipes preferably have a glass chemistry conducive to conveying visible light, in particular a spectrum centred on the visible spectrum of 350-700 nm (nanometers).|[0067] Although not shown in the drawing, the devices (2) may include light providing means. These can take the form of solar panels, such as photo-voltaic panels, coupled by way of electrical conductors, such as copper cables, to light emitting devices, such as light emitting diodes.|[0068] Such light providing means may be provided additionally to or instead of the transparent bodies,|[0069] The structure is held largely geo-stationary by propulsion units (5) in oligotrophic ocean gyres at tropical and sub-tropical latitudes.|[0070] Whilst the peripheral platform area could be narrower or wider to suit local requirements, preferably the outer peripheral platform area 1 of the island is substantially 2 kilometres wide.|[0071] The peripheral platform area 1 is provided with for example, hotels, houses, shops, and other amenities that one would find in an area populated by humans.|[0072] Preferably, the outer ring may house an international scale airport (6), as well as leisure facilities, such as water sports and fishing.|[0073] Preferably, the outer ring will sustainably provide for up to 1 million visitors to the structure.|[0074] Preferably, 10-30 of the buoyant structures, as depicted in FIG. 1, may be present in each of the 5 major oligotrophic gyres of the world's oceans.|[0075] In total it is expected that 100 of these islands would be required to both reverse the anthropogenic carbon dioxide levels if required, but more importantly to work as Climostats (CLIMate thermOSTATS), or Carbostats, to control the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and ocean acidification that we wish to achieve on our planet. Typically, according to the approximate relative surface areas of the 5 gyres, 10 of these Productivity Islands may be necessary in the North Atlantic, 15 may be necessary in the South Atlantic, 20 in the Indian Ocean, 25 in the North Pacific, and 30 in the South Pacific oligotrophic gyres. In total, the Productivity Islands will have a capacity to capture between 5 and 10 Gt and therefore more than enough capacity to control the volume of atmospheric carbon dioxide taken up through gas exchange to mitigate our anthropogenic climate impacts; and control the level of ocean acidification to restore coral reefs to their former glory. Furthermore, the geographical presence of these Productivity Islands is considered ideal for cleaning-up the ocean garbage patches and improving our understanding of ocean circulation. The material within the garbage patches may be incorporated into the fabric of the buoyant structures.|[0076] In this way, it is calculated that less than ⅓ million km2 of these oligotrophic gyres is required to control up to 10 Gt of extra carbon uptake, which is more than the 7-9 Gt annual anthropogenic excess. This area is less than 0.1% of ocean surface area and less than 0.7% of the surface of the deep ocean oligotrophic gyres. | (US12472466)|CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS|[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to International Application No. PCT/GB2021/052986, filed on Nov. 18, 2021, which claims the benefit of United Kingdom Application No. 2018151.7, filed Nov. 18, 2020, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.|(US12472466)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0002] The present invention relates to a carbon sequestration buoyant structure and in particular, the invention relates to a structure suitable for carbon sequestration, and for housing accommodation and amenities within a marine based environment.|BACKGROUND|[0003] It is widely accepted that increasing levels of carbon dioxide, as well as other greenhouse gases, are a primary driver of climate change. As such, there exists a need to increase carbon sequestration in order to capture more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ocean, and convert it into secure sources which lock the carbon away for hundreds or thousands of years. In this connection, photosynthetic organisms in the ocean such as phytoplankton are capable of capturing carbon via photosynthetic fixation and carbon can be stored short-term in living biomass and longer-term in deep ocean circulation, sinking detrital matter, marine sediments and eventually the sea-bed.|[0004] Global biomass cycles approximately 200 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon annually with the atmosphere, where 1 Gt=109 (10,000,000,000) tonnes, Human carbon dioxide emissions contribute to the growing problem, adding a further imbalance of around 7-9 Gt annually, mainly through the burning of fossil fuels, and cement production. The Global biomass carbon cycle is reasonably evenly split between the land and the ocean, with the land having the small majority share.|[0005] In this respect, the oceans contain only around 3.0% of the global plant biomass at any one time, but their turnover is rapid. It therefore follows that a small increase in ocean biomass, for example to 3.3% or perhaps 3.5% of the global total, would effect the countering of anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels and cement.|[0006] However, the oceans are light limited and so typically only the top 30-70 metres of the ocean is illuminated sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur. On average, the oceans are around 4000 metres deep which means only around 1% of the ocean is available for primary production.|[0007] Furthermore, over a significant proportion of the ocean surface, photosynthesis is co-limited by nutrient concentrations. However, the nutrient concentrations in deep waters remain high, and are therefore a potential resource for photosynthesis.|[0008] In GB2462865, there is disclosed a marine-based carbon sequestration device which includes light collecting components, light conduit components and light emitting components designed to create light zones, located away from the natural photo zone of a marine environment.|[0009] Whilst providing important information relating to apparatus for carbon sequestration in a marine context, GB2462865 has its limitations with respect to implementation of such apparatus.|[0010] The present invention as such aims to provide a commercially viable solution to the problem of oceanic carbon sequestration, in order to negate carbon dioxide emissions from both the fossil fuel and cement industries.|[0011] The present invention aims to provide a structure that will facilitate increased ocean productivity, increased uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide compared to current anthropogenic excess production, and reduction of ocean acidification, alongside the provision of a vast new living space and leisure industry.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0012] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure, comprising:| - a frame;| - a peripheral platform area for housing accommodation and amenities;| - and carbon sequestration apparatus;| - wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and the carbon sequestration apparatus.|[0017] In this connection, the peripheral platform area is configured to at least partially encompass the carbon sequestration apparatus.|[0018] In this regard, the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure comprises carbon sequestration apparatus configured for use in the major ocean gyre circulations. More particularly, the structure is configured for use in the five major ocean oligotrophic gyres.|[0019] In this regard, the structure comprises propulsion/tethering/anchoring/floatation mechanisms suitable for stabilising the structure in oligotrophic gyres. These may include particular buoyancy means for the light capturing devices, and manoeuvring means to maintain the structure in a geo-stationary, or substantially geostationary capacity.|[0020] In this connection, oligotrophic gyres are situated between approximately 10-40 degrees latitude north and south of the equator. In total these gyres make up approximately 1/7th, approximately 50 million square kilometres, of the ocean surface. The oligotrophic gyres are the anticyclonic circulation regions of the tropical and subtropical major ocean basins, which rotate clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern hemisphere. Nutrient concentrations of the near surface layers run out quickly in these regions after the first few days of a photosynthetic growth period and remain largely depleted until and unless storms and cooling overturn the water column and mix deeper waters into the surface layers.|[0021] Due to the convergent physical nature of the circulation of the oligotrophic gyres, there is little significant seasonal upward mixing of nutrient rich waters into the surface layers, which have comparatively weak seasonal cycles. Only occasional intense storms ventilate the deep pool of nutrients into what is otherwise a vast oceanic desert where the existing nutrients are “locked up” by resident biomass, providing little carbon uptake per unit area. This ventilation process seldom occurs in the 5 tropical and sub-tropical oligotrophic gyres of the world's global ocean basins.|[0022] In this regard, the present invention aims to address the problems associated with oceanic carbon sequestration, particularly in relation to oligotrophic gyres.|[0023] Oligotrophic gyres are attractive sites in that they are some of the world's most stable environments with comparably stable and easily forecastable weather systems. Their deep water location puts them at very low risk from Tsunamis caused by tectonic action, and their remote location makes them an apolitical solution for sustained global management without national bias.|[0024] The scale of the buoyant structure allows for suitable monitoring of the quantity of carbon sequestration at Real Time or Near Real Time|[0025] The scale of the buoyant structure allows for a peripheral platform area for housing both accommodation and amenities. The peripheral platform area can in this respect host a wide variety of accommodation and amenities, including for example: hotels, bars, restaurants, and other tourist attractions, as well as an international airport.|[0026] The frame supports the peripheral platform area and also affords structure from which the carbon sequestration apparatus can be mounted. The carbon sequestration apparatus can be contained but free-floating. Alternatively, the apparatus may be geometrically locked, or held in a semi- or fully-rigid geodesic spaceframe. The apparatus is modular to allow for easy repair and replacement of individual components.|[0027] In this regard, the peripheral platform area preferably takes on an annular shape. As such, the marine-based structure may conveniently comprise a moon pool within the peripheral platform area. The carbon sequestration apparatus may as such be mounted in the moon pool.|[0028] The moon pool may have a diameter of substantially 46 kilometres.|[0029] In a further alternative embodiment, the peripheral platform area is provided as a cross-shaped or grid-like configuration. In such a configuration, the carbon sequestration apparatus is preferably provided between elements of the peripheral platform area extending normally, or at some other regular geometry, to one another.|[0030] Preferably, the carbon sequestration apparatus comprises a light transmitting means. Optionally, the apparatus comprises a light providing means, Optionally, the apparatus comprises a light transmitting means and a light providing means.|[0031] Conveniently, the light transmitting means may comprise a plurality of light pipes or light trees. The light pipes or light trees may be in the form of glass tendrils, comprising fibre-optic elements. The glass tendrils may conveniently extend approximately 70 to 300 metres below the water surface level. This enables light transmission into the depths below the surface water, where nutrients are present, in order to facilitate photosynthesis. Preferably, the light pipes or trees may further comprise a surface lens.|[0032] Preferably, the glass tendrils may also extend around 10 kilometres radially outward. In this way, light transmission into the water below and surrounding the buoyant marine-based structure is maximised.|[0033] Typically, each buoyant platform could preferably support around 1.5 billion light pipes or light trees.|[0034] Whilst glass tendrils are one option, other suitable deep ocean light transmitting means may also be used.|[0035] Preferably, the light providing means may comprise a plurality of photo-voltaic panels, electrical conductors, and artificial light emitting devices. The photo-voltaic panels can produce electrical current at the water surface.|[0036] Preferably, the electrical conductors can be copper conducting cables.|[0037] The light emitting devices can preferably be light emitting diodes. More particularly, the light emitting diodes can have general or specific wavelengths to create artificial light at depth. The electrical conductors may conveniently extend approximately 70 to 300 metres below the water surface level. This enables light provision into the depths below the surface water, where nutrients are present, in order to facilitate photosynthesis.|[0038] Light capture and transmission may be optimised for wavelength. This can be achieved through the use of filters, and/or specific wavelength light emitters. The apparatus may further comprise lenses. Lenses can be used to focus the surface light to maximise light transmission and energy capture.|[0039] Conveniently, the carbon sequestration apparatus may further comprise a water exchanging means.|[0040] The water exchanging means may preferably comprise wave pump tubes. In this regard, the wave pump tubes preferably facilitate exchange of water between the surface and deeper levels by enhancing pumping and mixing across a thermal gradient.|[0041] Other suitable water exchanging means may also be used.|[0042] The primary productivity (photosynthesis) which is necessary for carbon sequestration is preferably facilitated by a) illuminating deep nutrient rich waters via the light transmitting or light providing means; and b) bringing nutrient rich waters to the surface and breaking down the strong thermocline to increase mixing across the temperature gradient separating the nutrient deplete surface waters and the deeper ocean via the water exchanging means.|[0043] Conveniently, the carbon sequestration apparatus may further comprise monitoring means for monitoring: dissolved carbon dioxide levels of carbon capture quantities; carbon to chlorophyll ratios; pH and alkalinity; and community phytoplankton species identification.|[0044] Preferably, the carbon sequestration apparatus further comprises control means, to control the productivity of the apparatus. The control means preferably comprises shutters at the surface of the light transmitting means. The shutters may be moveable between an open and a closed position in order to provide reflectivity of sunlight reaching the earth's surface when necessary. The shutter can be used to optimise light amplitude for photosynthetic efficiency. The shutter can be a mechanical shutter, or a liquid crystal shutter.|[0045] Mechanical shutters may take the form of iris diaphragms. Liquid crystal shutters may reflect light by increasing albedo using the mirroring effect of the shuttering mechanism. Liquid crystal shutters may take the form of cross polarisers. Both mechanical and liquid crystal shutters create greater albedo when the shutter is closed.|[0046] The marine-based buoyant structure of the present invention may have a diameter of substantially 50 kilometres.|[0047] The marine-based buoyant structure of the present invention may conveniently be sectional and/or modular. The structure may be rigidly or semi-rigidly coupled.|[0048] Preferably, the marine-based buoyant structure of the present invention is situated in oligotrophic gyres. In this regard, the structure is preferably configured to be geo-stationary or substantially geo-stationary. Preferably, the buoyant structure will be modular, with each module made up of many semi-rigidly connected hull units. In total the buoyant structure may comprise as many as 10,000 hull units.|[0049] Each hull unit may in this regard be created using 3D printing, and is hence easily replaceable. The buoyant structure is preferably self-propelled by propulsion units. Propulsion units may be conventional or novel means such as hydrodynamic wave energy, or magneto hydrodynamic energy conversion, or any suitable means.|[0050] According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure as defined above in a major ocean gyre circulation.|[0051] The various aspects of the present invention can be practiced alone or in combination with one or more of the other aspects, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant arts. The various aspects of the invention can optionally be provided in combination with one or more of the optional features of the other aspects of the invention. Also, optional features described in relation to one aspect can typically be combined alone or together with other features in different aspects of the invention. Any subject matter described in this specification can be combined with any other subject matter in the specification to form a novel combination.|[0052] Various aspects of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Still other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the entire description thereof, including the figures, which illustrates a number of exemplary aspects and implementations. The invention is also capable of other and different examples and aspects, and its several details can be modified in various respects, all without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, each example herein should be understood to have broad application; and is meant to illustrate one possible way of carrying out the invention, without intending to suggest that the scope of this disclosure, including the claims, is limited to that example. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein is solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in scope, In particular, unless otherwise stated, dimensions and numerical values included herein are presented as examples illustrating one possible aspect of the claimed subject matter, without limiting the disclosure to the particular dimensions or values recited. All numerical values in this disclosure are understood as being modified by “about”. All singular forms of elements, or any other components described herein are understood to include plural forms thereof and vice versa.|[0053] Language such as “including”, “comprising”, “having”, “containing”, or “involving” and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. Likewise, the term “comprising” is considered synonymous with the terms “including” or “containing” for applicable legal purposes. Thus, throughout the specification and claims unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise” or variations thereof such as “comprises” or “comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.|[0054] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like is included in the specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters formed part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention.|[0055] In this disclosure, whenever a composition, an element or a group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising”, it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition, element or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting essentially of”, “consisting”, “selected from the group of consisting of”, “including”, or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element or group of elements and vice versa. In this disclosure, the words “typically” or “optionally” are to be understood as being intended to indicate optional or non-essential features of the invention which are present in certain examples but which can be omitted in others without departing from the scope of the invention.|[0056] References to directional and positional descriptions such as upper and lower and directions e.g. “up”, “down” etc. are to be interpreted by a skilled reader in the context of the examples described to refer to the orientation of features shown in the drawings, and are not to be interpreted as limiting the invention to the literal interpretation of the term, but instead should be as understood by the skilled addressee.|(US12472466)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0057] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:|[0058] FIG. 1 is a representative view of an example of a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure, according to one embodiment of the present invention.|(US12472466)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0059] Referring to FIG. 1, a representative view is provided of a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure, according to one embodiment of the present invention.|[0060] In this example, the buoyant structure is approximately 50 kilometres in diameter and takes the form of a man-made floating island or raft. The buoyant structure is self-propelled and comprises a peripheral platform area 1 supported on a frame. The peripheral platform area may typically be approximately 2 kilometres wide in a radial direction. As shown, in this example, the peripheral platform area is annular.|[0061] Although not shown in FIG. 1, the structure may be sectional and/or modular. The sections may be rigidly or semi-rigidly coupled. In this regard, the structure may comprise a plurality of polygonal profiled elements coupled together. For example, regular polygonal shaped elements, such as hexagons may be used as building blocks for the structure. Each such element may be around 11 km flat side to flat side and in this case 19 of them could form a full structure|[0062] In this connection, whilst alternative materials may be used to form the buoyant structure, hemperete or a similar natural fibre based building material may be preferred. In this respect, compared to grassland, hemp plant absorbs a high level of atmospheric CO2 as it grows, and consequently hemperete may lock away a net 100 kg of CO2 per metre cubed or more. As such, it represents a carbon zero or better than carbon zero construction solution.|[0063] Furthermore, appropriate buoyancy for the structure can be readily attained, with the typical density of hemperete falling within 93-136 kg/m3.|[0064] In order to enhance buoyancy, the hemperete may be at least partially plasticised. In this regard, areas of the hemperete may be left un-plasticised to promote continued CO2 uptake. For example, upward facing or upper areas of the structure may be un-plasticised.|[0065] As shown, a giant moon-pool is formed within the peripheral platform area 1. The moon-pool has a diameter of substantially 46 kilometres with the entire structure being substantially 50 kilometres in diameter.|[0066] The moon-pool is occupied by devices (2) for connecting the surface waters with sub-thermocline waters. These devices may include pipes to exchange water, and transparent bodies (3) to carry light and/or radiative heat to deep nutrient rich waters (4). Such bodies (3) may take the form of light pipes or light trees, for example having glass tendrils formed of fibre-optic elements. The light pipes or light trees may be provided with a surface lens for enhancing their function. The light pipes preferably have a glass chemistry conducive to conveying visible light, in particular a spectrum centred on the visible spectrum of 350-700 nm (nanometers).|[0067] Although not shown in the drawing, the devices (2) may include light providing means. These can take the form of solar panels, such as photo-voltaic panels, coupled by way of electrical conductors, such as copper cables, to light emitting devices, such as light emitting diodes.|[0068] Such light providing means may be provided additionally to or instead of the transparent bodies,|[0069] The structure is held largely geo-stationary by propulsion units (5) in oligotrophic ocean gyres at tropical and sub-tropical latitudes.|[0070] Whilst the peripheral platform area could be narrower or wider to suit local requirements, preferably the outer peripheral platform area 1 of the island is substantially 2 kilometres wide.|[0071] The peripheral platform area 1 is provided with for example, hotels, houses, shops, and other amenities that one would find in an area populated by humans.|[0072] Preferably, the outer ring may house an international scale airport (6), as well as leisure facilities, such as water sports and fishing.|[0073] Preferably, the outer ring will sustainably provide for up to 1 million visitors to the structure.|[0074] Preferably, 10-30 of the buoyant structures, as depicted in FIG. 1, may be present in each of the 5 major oligotrophic gyres of the world's oceans.|[0075] In total it is expected that 100 of these islands would be required to both reverse the anthropogenic carbon dioxide levels if required, but more importantly to work as Climostats (CLIMate thermOSTATS), or Carbostats, to control the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and ocean acidification that we wish to achieve on our planet. Typically, according to the approximate relative surface areas of the 5 gyres, 10 of these Productivity Islands may be necessary in the North Atlantic, 15 may be necessary in the South Atlantic, 20 in the Indian Ocean, 25 in the North Pacific, and 30 in the South Pacific oligotrophic gyres. In total, the Productivity Islands will have a capacity to capture between 5 and 10 Gt and therefore more than enough capacity to control the volume of atmospheric carbon dioxide taken up through gas exchange to mitigate our anthropogenic climate impacts; and control the level of ocean acidification to restore coral reefs to their former glory. Furthermore, the geographical presence of these Productivity Islands is considered ideal for cleaning-up the ocean garbage patches and improving our understanding of ocean circulation. The material within the garbage patches may be incorporated into the fabric of the buoyant structures.|[0076] In this way, it is calculated that less than ⅓ million km2 of these oligotrophic gyres is required to control up to 10 Gt of extra carbon uptake, which is more than the 7-9 Gt annual anthropogenic excess. This area is less than 0.1% of ocean surface area and less than 0.7% of the surface of the deep ocean oligotrophic gyres. | Family Number|(92381947)|92381947|Abstract|(GB2601135 B)|The present invention concerns a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure. The structure comprises a frame, a peripheral platform area 1 for housing accommodation and amenities, and carbon sequestration apparatus, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus 2,3. The peripheral platform area may have an annular form and the structure may further comprise a moon pool provided within the peripheral platform area, the moon pool may have a diameter of approximately 40-50km and the peripheral platform areas maybe substantially 1-4 km wide. The carbon sequestration apparatus may comprise a light transmitting means, such as a plurality of light pipes/light trees, wherein the light pipes/light trees may be glass tendrils comprising fibre optic elements. The glass tendrils may extend approximately 70-300 metres below the water surface and may extend around 10km radially outwardly. The present invention further relates to a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure in a major ocean gyre circulation|(WO2022106823 A1)|The present invention concerns a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure. The structure comprises a frame, a peripheral platform area (1) for housing accommodation and amenities, and carbon sequestration apparatus, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus (2,3). The present invention further relates to a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure in a major ocean gyre circulation|(US12472466 B2)|The present invention concerns a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure. The structure comprises a frame, a peripheral platform area (1) for housing accommodation and amenities, and carbon sequestration apparatus, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus (2,3).The present invention further relates to a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure in a major ocean gyre circulation|(GB2634415 B)|Marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure comprising a frame, a peripheral platform area 1 for housing accommodation and amenities, and carbon sequestration apparatus, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus 2,3. The structure is modular. The peripheral platform area may have an annular form and the structure may further comprise a moon pool provided within the peripheral platform area, the moon pool may have a diameter of approximately 40-50km and the peripheral platform areas maybe substantially 1-4 km wide. The carbon sequestration apparatus may comprise a light transmitting means, such as a plurality of light pipes/light trees, wherein the light pipes/light trees may be glass tendrils comprising fibre optic elements. The glass tendrils may extend approximately 70-300 metres below the water surface and may extend around 10km radially outwardly. The present invention further relates to a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure in a major ocean gyre circulation.|Title|(GB2601135 A)|Carbon sequestration apparatus|(GB202018151 D0)|Carbon sequestration apparatus|(GB2601135 B)|Carbon sequestration apparatus|(WO2022106823 A1)|Marine based buoyant carbon sequestration structure|(US20240001295 A1)|Marine based buoyant carbon sequestration structure|(US12472466 B2)|Marine based buoyant carbon sequestration structure|(GB202417213 D0)|Carbon sequestration apparatus|(GB2634415 A)|Carbon sequestration apparatus|(GB2634415 B)|Carbon sequestration apparatus| | Environmental technology|Other special machines|Transport | A01G-033/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|B01D-2251/95|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2259/455|B63B-001/04/1|B63B-035/44|B63B-2035/4426|B63B-2035/4453|B63B-2035/4473|B63H-025/42|G02B-006/42/98|Y02C-020/40 | A01G-033/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|B01D-2251/95|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2259/455|B63B-001/04/1|B63B-035/44|B63B-2035/4426|B63B-2035/4453|B63B-2035/4473|B63H-025/42|G02B-006/42/98|Y02C-020/40 | A01G-033/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|B63B-035/44 | A01G-033/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|B63B-035/44|G02B-006/42 | CN114573110B | CN114573110B 100334580 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | GB2477181|JP07252819|JP04156939|JP6432777|US20130152864|US4699086|CN111937795|CN111937795|US20170306579|US20170306579|JP6432777|JP6432777|CN104273068|CN104273068|US20130339216|US20130339216|US20130152864|GB2477181|GB2472874|GB2472874|GB2462865|GB2462865|GB2462865|GB2462865|US20100213271|US20100213271|US20010028120|US20010028120|US5820300|US5820300|JP07252819|JP07252819|JP07252819|JP04156939|JP64032777U|JP64032777U|US4699086 | GB2477181 18240178 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|JP07252819 28645058 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|JP04156939 21222358 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|JP6432777 73892404 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20130152864 94751853 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US4699086 1159048 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN111937795 91498998 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|CN111937795 91498998 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20170306579 72595844 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20170306579 72595844 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP6432777 73892404 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP6432777 73892404 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN104273068 68382933 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|CN104273068 68382933 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20130339216 71778891 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20130339216 71778891 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20130152864 94751853 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|GB2477181 18240178 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|GB2472874 15050965 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|GB2472874 15050965 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|GB2462865 17900126 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|GB2462865 17900126 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|GB2462865 17900126 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|GB2462865 17900126 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20100213271 43817740 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20100213271 43817740 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20010028120 1257956 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20010028120 1257956 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5820300 3975015 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5820300 3975015 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP07252819 28645058 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP07252819 28645058 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP07252819 28645058 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP04156939 21222358 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP64032777U 27545620 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP64032777U 27545620 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US4699086 1159048 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | GB2477181; JP04156939; JP07252819; US20130152864; US4699086; JP6432777; GB2462865|US4699086; US5820300; US20010028120; US20100213271; US20130152864; US20130339216; US20170306579; CN104273068; CN111937795; GB2462865; GB2472874; GB2477181; JP04156939; JP07252819; JP6432777|JP64032777U; GB2462865; US20170306579; JP6432777; JP07252819|GB2472874; GB2462865; CN111937795; CN104273068; US5820300; US20130339216; US20100213271; US20010028120; JP64032777U; JP07252819 | (US12472466)|Applicant references|-International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in the corresponding International Patent Application No. PCT/GB2021/052986, dated Feb. 23, 2022.|-UK Intellectual Property Office Search Report on app. GB2018151.7 dated Dec. 3, 2021 (2 pages).|-Examiner's Report dated May 16, 2024 on App. GB2018151.7 (2 pages).|-John Vidal, 2011, “Artificial island could be solution for rising Pacific sea levels”, The Guardian, [online], Available from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/201 l/sep/08/artificial-island-pacificsea-levels.|-Tafline Laylin, 2011, “Dutch Company Floats New Idea for Artificial “World” Island Investors”, Green Prophet, [online], Available from https://www.greenprophet.com/2011/11/floating-islands-dubai/.|-GB Search Report for Application No. 2417213.2 mailing date Dec. 13, 2024, 2 pages.|||(GB2634415)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-John Vidal, 2011, Artificial island could be solution for rising Pacific sea levels, The Guardian, [online]|-Tafline Laylin, 2011, Dutch Company Floats New Idea for Artificial World Island Investors, Green Prophet, [online]||(GB2601135)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-John Vidal, 2011, Artificial island could be solution for rising Pacific sea levels, The Guardian, [online], Available from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2011/sep/08/artificial-island-pacific-sea-levels|-Tafline Laylin, 2011, Dutch Company Floats New Idea for Artificial World Island Investors, Green Prophet, [online], Available from https://www.greenprophet.com/2011/11/floating-islands-dubai/| | GRANTED | (US12472466)|GRANTED|(WO2022/106823)|LAPSED|(GB2634415)|GRANTED|(GB2601135)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (US12472466)|ALIVE|(WO2022/106823)|DEAD|(GB2634415)|ALIVE|(GB2601135)|ALIVE | (US12472466)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US12472466|Actual or expected expiration date=2042-09-20|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2021-11-18|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US18253574|Application date=2021-11-18|Standardized application number=2021US-18253574|Event publication date=2021-11-18|Event 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state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2020-11-18|Event code=GB/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=GB GB202018151|Application date=2020-11-18|Standardized application number=2020GB-0018151|Event publication date=2020-12-30|Event code=GB/D0|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent application filed|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB202018151|Publication stage code=D0|Publication date=2020-12-30|Standardized publication number=GB202018151|Event publication date=2022-05-25|Event code=GB/A|Event group=Examination events|Published Application|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB2601135|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2022-05-25|Standardized publication number=GB2601135|Event publication date=2025-01-15|Event code=GB/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patent specification|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB2601135|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2025-01-15|Standardized publication number=GB2601135 | (WO2022/106823)|ARIPO: GH, RW, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2022/106823)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2022/106823)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2022/106823)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2022/106823)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IR, IS, AL, IT, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, JO, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, KG, KH, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, KW, CR, KZ, CU, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, DJ, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, WS, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL | (US12472466)|US|(WO2022/106823)|US|(GB2634415)|GB|(GB2601135)|GB | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=WYeGGh5krJFRRuJvT46aI7aa7teVYIYQWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US0000000023127153&ekey=1930&xpn=US12472466&kind=B2 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/18253574/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=Kr8ZkAK45zh0IsEDfMU16jNfFPLuVTJ9KaVWfLIclG0%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | GB | (US12472466)|GB|(US20240001295)|GB | (US12472466)|NAME=Allen John T. , CITY=Hornchurch , COUNTRY=GB NAME=Fitzgerald Calum D. , CITY=Hornchurch , COUNTRY=GB|(US20240001295)|NAME=ALLEN John T. , CITY=Hornchurch Essex , COUNTRY=GB NAME=FITZGERALD Calum D. , CITY=Hornchurch Essex , COUNTRY=GB | |(WO2022/106823)|GB | (US12472466)|NAME=Foley & Lardner LLP|(WO2022/106823)|NAME=MURGITROYD & COMPANY Murgitroyd House 165-169 Scotland Street Glasgow Central Scotland G5 8PL , POSTCODE=G5 8PL , COUNTRY=GB | (US12472466)|GB; GB|(US20240001295)|GB; GB|(WO2022/106823)|GB; GB|||| | (US12472466)|NAME=Allen John T., CITY=Hornchurch, COUNTRY=GB |NAME=Fitzgerald Calum D., CITY=Hornchurch, COUNTRY=GB|(US20240001295)|NAME=ALLEN John T., CITY=Hornchurch Essex, COUNTRY=GB |NAME=FITZGERALD Calum D., CITY=Hornchurch Essex, COUNTRY=GB|(WO2022/106823)|NAME=ALLEN, John T c/o Myocean Resources Limited c/o Bruce Allen LLP, 3rd Floor Scottish Mutual House 27-29 North Street, Hornchurch Essex RM11 1RS, POSTCODE=RM11 1RS, COUNTRY=GB |NAME=FITZGERALD, Calum D c/o Myocean Resources Limited c/o Bruce Allen LLP, 3rd Floor Scottish Mutual House 27-29 North Street, Hornchurch Essex RM11 1RS, POSTCODE=RM11 1RS, COUNTRY=GB|(GB2634415)|NAME=John T Allen|NAME=Calum D Fitzgerald|(GB2634415)|NAME=John T Allen|NAME=Calum D Fitzgerald|(GB2601135)|NAME=Calum Desmond Fitzgerald|NAME=John Taylor Allen|(GB2601135)|NAME=Calum Desmond Fitzgerald|NAME=John Taylor Allen | Titre: (US12472466)|Marine based buoyant carbon sequestration structure Résumé: (US12472466)|The present invention concerns a marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure. The structure comprises a frame, a peripheral platform area (1) for housing accommodation and amenities, and carbon sequestration apparatus, wherein the frame supports the peripheral platform area and carbon sequestration apparatus (2,3).The present invention further relates to a method of carbon sequestration, the method comprising providing the marine-based carbon sequestration buoyant structure in a major ocean gyre circulation | 21.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a buoyant structure for carbon sequestration without mentioning iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 16.0 | 1.0 | (WO2022/106823)|1|(US12472466)|2|(GB2634415)|1|(GB2601135)|1 | (WO2022/106823)|22|(US12472466)|19|(GB2634415)|20|(GB2601135)|24 | (US12472466)|21|(US20240001295)|25|(WO2022/106823)|23|(GB2634415)|21|(GB2634415)|25||(GB2601135)|25|(GB2601135)|25| | 0.0 | 12.0 | 3.0 | (WO2022/106823)|1|(US12472466)|1|(GB2634415)|1|(GB2601135)|1 | 3.0 | 4.0 | (US12472466)|WO2022/106823 | (US12472466)|Number of Claims: NCL=21|Number of Drawings: NDR=1|Number of Figures: NFG=1|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,21|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Extended under 35 USC 154(b) the following days: EXTD=306|Primary examiner: Nassiri-Motlagh Anita|Art Unit.: ART =1734||(US20240001295)|Number of Claims: NCL=25|Number of Drawings: NDR=1|Number of Figures: NFG=1|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,25|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Nassiri-Motlagh Anita|Art Unit.: ART =1734||(WO2022/106823)|Number of Claims: NCL=23|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(GB2634415)|Number of Claims: NCL=21||(GB2634415)|Number of Claims: NCL=25||(GB202417213)|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-01-08||(GB2601135)|Number of Claims: NCL=25||(GB2601135)|Number of Claims: NCL=25||(GB202018151)|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2020-12-30| | (US12472466)|Previous publication: US20240001295 A1 2024-01-04 [US20240001295]|(GB2634415)|Division of: GB202018151 FDD=2020-11-18 [2020GB-0018151] | (US12472466)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US12472466)|Patent|(GB2634415)|Patent|(GB2634415)|Patent|(GB2601135)|Patent|(GB202417213)|Patent|(US20240001295)|Patent|(WO2022106823)|Patent|(GB2601135)|Patent|(GB202018151)|Patent | ||||||||||||||
| 29 | CN202121072336U | CN202121072336U | CN215574938 | 98255842 | CN215574938 U 2022-01-18 [CN215574938U] | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | 2022-01-18 | (CN215574938U)|2022-01-18 | (CN215574938)|2031-05-19 | (CN215574938)|Marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly | (CN215574938)|The utility model provides an ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device which is convenient to carry quickly. The marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly comprises an outer box; the right sides of the straps are fixedly connected to the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box; the bottom of the bottom protection assembly is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box, the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measurement and calculation assembly is arranged at the top of the bottom protection assembly, and the left side of the top protection assembly is fixed to the left side of the inner wall of the outer box; and the bottom of the pulling assembly is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box. According to the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient and fast to carry, through cooperative use of the outer box, the straps, the pulling assembly and the universal wheels, the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device can be carried fast and conveniently, and therefore researchers can move the device more fast. | SOUTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES MEP | (CN215574938)|SOUTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. MEE ([CN]) | WANG MIN|CHEN CHEN|WU YANLI|WANG YUANNAN|LUO HAILIN|HE TAO | (CN215574938)|WANG MIN|CHEN CHEN|WU YANLI|WANG YUANNAN|LUO HAILIN|HE TAO | (CN215574938)|LI LILI;GUANGZHOU ZHIYUAN CHUANGDA PATENT AGENCY CO., LTD|Reg. Nb: 44619 | (CN215574938)|Therefore, it is necessary to provide a portable ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device to solve the above technical problems.|The utility model provides a portable ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device, which solves the problem that the measuring and calculating device is easy to damage when the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device is inconvenient to carry and is subjected to an impact emergency in the process of carrying and transferring.| | (CN215574938)|1. The utility model provides a device is calculated to solid carbon in ocean convenient to fast carry which characterized in that: comprises an outer box (1); the right sides of the two straps (2) are fixedly connected to the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box (1); the bottom protection component (3) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box (1), the bottom protection component (3) comprises two fixing blocks (31), the bottoms of the two fixing blocks (31) are fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box (1), the tops of the two fixing blocks (31) are fixedly connected with buffer springs (32), the tops of the two buffer springs (32) are fixedly connected with a bearing plate (33), two sides of the bearing plate (33) are both connected with vertical rods (34) in a sliding mode, the bottoms of the two vertical rods (34) are fixedly connected with the left side and the right side of the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box (1), and limiting blocks (35) are sleeved on the surfaces of the two vertical rods (34); the bottom of the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating component (4) is arranged at the top of the bottom protection component (3), the left side of the top protection component (5) is fixed on the left side of the inner wall of the outer box (1); the bottom of the pulling assembly (6) is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box (1); the left side of the back surface of the closing component (7) is rotatably connected with the left side of the front surface of the outer box (1); four universal wheels (8), four the top of universal wheel (8) all fixed connection in the bottom of outer container (1).| | (CN215574938)|The utility model provides an ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly. The ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly comprises an outer box; the right sides of the straps are fixedly connected to the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box; the bottom of the bottom protection component is fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating component is arranged at the top of the bottom protection component, and the left side of the top protection component is fixed at the left side of the inner wall of the outer box; and the bottom of the pulling assembly is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box.| | (CN215574938)|OUTER BOX(100,51)|CALCULATING DEVICE(100,34)|OCEAN SOLID CARBON MEASURING(100,12)|SEA(100,3)|SOLID CARBON(100,1)|UNIVERSAL WHEEL(79,11)|TELESCOPING HOUSING(78,8)|FIXING SCREW(68,23)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(64,19)|IMPACT EMERGENCY(64,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(58,33)|COMPONENT CALCULATION(54,7)|PULLING BOTTOM(54,3)|PULLING ROD(53,15)|CONCAVE PLATE(47,6)|BOTTOM PROTECTION COMPONENT(46,10)|PROTECTION PLATE(43,5)|BEARING PLATE(40,23)|PROTECTION SPONGE(35,3)|STRAP(34,5)|CLOSING COMPONENT(33,5)|BUFFER SPRING(32,3)|FIXING PLATE(31,7)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION BOTTOM(28,1)|PULLING HANDLE(27,5)|FIXED BLOCK(26,3)|TOP PROTECTION COMPONENT(25,6)|INNER WALL(24,28)|OUTER CONTAINER(21,9)|PROTECTIVE PLATE(21,2)|LIMITING BLOCK(19,4)|RAPID RATE(18,1)|SLIDING MODE(15,2)|PORTABLE MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(14,2)|FIXED CONNECTION(13,3)|STRAP RIGHT SIDE(13,2)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION SIDE(13,1)|RIGHT SIDE(11,7)|MARINE SOLID CARBON MEASURING(10,4)|PULLING ROD INNER WALL(10,3)|CALCULATING OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(10,1)|TELESCOPIC SHELL BOTTOM(9,2)|NOTCH PLATE(8,5)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION BOTTOM(8,3)|SUDDEN CONDITION(8,3)|BOX DOOR HANDLE(7,2)|COLLISION(7,2)|CONCAVE BLOCK(7,2)|OCEAN SOLID CARBON MEASUREMENT(7,2)|LEFT SIDE(6,40)|HUGE POTENTIAL(6,1)|GUARD PLATE(5,10)|BOTTOM GUARD(5,1)|CALCULATION COMPONENT(5,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(5,1)|DETECTING CARBON(5,1)|FIXING SCREW LEFT SIDE(5,1)|HARNESS(5,1)|MATCHING MODE(5,1)|PROTECTIVE SPONGE TOP(5,1)|SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHER(5,1)|THREADED HOLE(5,1)|TOP PROTECTION SUBASSEMBLY(5,1)| | (CN215574938)|1. The utility model provides a device is calculated to solid carbon in ocean convenient to fast carry which characterized in that: comprises an outer box (1);|the right sides of the two straps (2) are fixedly connected to the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box (1);|the bottom protection component (3) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box (1), the bottom protection component (3) comprises two fixing blocks (31), the bottoms of the two fixing blocks (31) are fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box (1), the tops of the two fixing blocks (31) are fixedly connected with buffer springs (32), the tops of the two buffer springs (32) are fixedly connected with a bearing plate (33), two sides of the bearing plate (33) are both connected with vertical rods (34) in a sliding mode, the bottoms of the two vertical rods (34) are fixedly connected with the left side and the right side of the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box (1), and limiting blocks (35) are sleeved on the surfaces of the two vertical rods (34);|the bottom of the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating component (4) is arranged at the top of the bottom protection component (3),|the left side of the top protection component (5) is fixed on the left side of the inner wall of the outer box (1);|the bottom of the pulling assembly (6) is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box (1);|the left side of the back surface of the closing component (7) is rotatably connected with the left side of the front surface of the outer box (1);|four universal wheels (8), four the top of universal wheel (8) all fixed connection in the bottom of outer container (1).|2. The marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating component (4) comprises a marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device (41), the bottom of the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device (41) is arranged on the top of the bearing plate (33), fixing plates (42) are fixedly connected to both sides of the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device (41), first fixing screws (43) are arranged on the tops of the two fixing plates (42), and the bottoms of the two first fixing screws (43) penetrate through the bottoms of the two fixing plates (42) and the left and right sides of the top of the bearing plate (33) and extend to the left and right sides of the top of the inner wall of the bearing plate (33).|3. The marine carbon sequestration estimation device that is portable for rapid rates of claim 1, the top protection component (5) comprises a concave plate (51), the left side of the concave plate (51) is fixedly connected with the top of the left side of the inner wall of the outer box (1), a protective plate (52) is arranged between the top and the bottom of the inner wall of the concave plate (51), the left side of the protection plate (52) penetrates through the right side of the outer box (1) and extends between the top and the bottom of the inner wall of the concave plate (51), a second fixing screw (53) is arranged on the right side of the protection plate (52), the left side of the second fixing screw (53) penetrates through the protection plate (52) and the right side of the outer box (1) and extends to the right side of the inner wall of the outer box (1), the bottom of the protection plate (52) is fixedly connected with a connecting plate (54), and the bottom of the connecting plate (54) is provided with a protection sponge (55).|4. The marine carbon sequestration estimation device convenient for quick carrying according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulling assembly (6) comprises a telescopic housing (61), the bottom of the telescopic housing (61) is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box (1), and the peripheral side surface of the inner wall of the telescopic housing (61) is provided with a pulling rod (62).|5. The marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient for quick carrying according to claim 4, characterized in that a third fixing screw (63) is arranged at the top of the front face of the telescopic housing (61), the back face of the third fixing screw (63) penetrates through the front faces of the telescopic housing (61) and the pulling rod (62) and extends to the front side of the inner wall of the pulling rod (62), and the pulling rod (62) is fixedly connected with a pulling handle (64).|6. The marine carbon sequestration estimation device convenient for quick carrying according to claim 1, characterized in that the closing component (7) comprises a door (71), the back of the door (71) is rotatably connected to the left side of the front of the outer box (1), and a door handle (72) is fixedly connected to the front of the door (71). | (CN215574938)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the field of ocean carbon sequestration measurement and calculation, in particular to an ocean carbon sequestration measurement and calculation device convenient to carry quickly.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean is used as the largest carbon reservoir on the earth, participates in 93 percent of carbon dioxide circulation process on the earth, absorbs 30 percent of the global carbon dioxide emission every year, has obvious carbon fixing effect and huge potential.|[0003] Most of the existing ocean solid carbon detection methods utilize an ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device to detect ocean solid carbon.|[0004] Due to the fact that the distribution areas of ocean solid carbon are different, researchers often need to bring ocean solid carbon measurement and calculation devices to different places to measure and calculate the ocean solid carbon, however, the existing ocean solid carbon measurement and calculation devices do not have the function of being carried fast, inconvenience is brought to the researchers to a certain extent, and the devices are likely to be damaged and bring unnecessary loss if being impacted or under other sudden conditions in the process of transferring positions.|[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a portable ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device to solve the above technical problems.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The utility model provides a portable ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device, which solves the problem that the measuring and calculating device is easy to damage when the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device is inconvenient to carry and is subjected to an impact emergency in the process of carrying and transferring.|[0007] In order to solve the technical problem, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly comprises an outer box;|[0008] the right sides of the straps are fixedly connected to the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box;|[0009] the bottom protection component comprises two fixed blocks, the bottoms of the two fixed blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box, the tops of the two fixed blocks are fixedly connected with buffer springs, the tops of the two buffer springs are fixedly connected with a bearing plate, two sides of the bearing plate are respectively connected with a vertical rod in a sliding mode, the bottoms of the two vertical rods are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box, and a limiting block is sleeved on the surfaces of the two vertical rods;|[0010] the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating component is arranged at the top of the bottom protection component,|[0011] the left side of the top protection component is fixed on the left side of the inner wall of the outer box;|[0012] the bottom of the pulling assembly is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box;|[0013] the left side of the back surface of the closing component is rotatably connected with the left side of the front surface of the outer box;|[0014] four universal wheels, four the top of universal wheel all fixed connection in the bottom of outer container.|[0015] Preferably, the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating component comprises an ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device, the bottom of the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device is arranged at the top of the bearing plate, fixing plates are fixedly connected to two sides of the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device, first fixing screws are arranged at the tops of the two fixing plates, and the bottoms of the two first fixing screws penetrate through the bottoms of the two fixing plates and the left side and the right side of the top of the bearing plate and extend to the left side and the right side of the top of the inner wall of the bearing plate.|[0016] Preferably, the top protection subassembly includes the notch plate, the left side fixed connection of notch plate in the left top of outer container inner wall, be provided with the guard plate between notch plate inner wall top and the bottom, the left side of guard plate runs through the right side of outer container and extends from between notch plate inner wall top and the bottom, the guard plate right side is provided with the second fixed screw, the right side that guard plate and outer container were run through in the left side of second fixed screw and extend to the right side of outer container inner wall, the bottom fixedly connected with connecting plate of guard plate, the bottom of connecting plate is provided with the protection sponge.|[0017] Preferably, the pulling assembly comprises a telescopic shell, the bottom of the telescopic shell is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box, and the peripheral side face of the inner wall of the telescopic shell is provided with a pulling rod.|[0018] Preferably, the top of the front surface of the telescopic shell is provided with a third fixing screw, the back surface of the third fixing screw penetrates through the front surfaces of the telescopic shell and the pulling rod and extends to the front side of the inner wall of the pulling rod, and the pulling rod is fixedly connected with a pulling handle.|[0019] Preferably, the closing component comprises a box door, the back of the box door is rotatably connected to the left side of the front of the outer box, and the front of the box door is fixedly connected with a box door handle.|[0020] Compared with the related technology, the ocean fixed carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:|[0021] the utility model provides a marine solid carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly, which can be carried quickly and conveniently under the matching use of an outer box, straps, a pulling assembly and universal wheels, so that researchers can more quickly bring the marine solid carbon measuring and calculating device to a place where marine solid carbon is required to be measured and calculated, and the marine solid carbon measuring and calculating device can be prevented from being directly damaged when being impacted under other sudden conditions such as collision and the like by the matching use of the outer box, a bottom protection assembly and a top protection assembly, and unnecessary loss is reduced.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;|[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure shown at A in FIG. 1;|[0024] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure shown at B in FIG. 1;|[0025] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the concave block shown in FIG. 1;|[0026] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure shown at C in FIG. 1;|[0027] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the right side of the telescoping housing of FIG. 5;|[0028] fig. 7 is a schematic view of the door of fig. 1.|[0029] Reference numerals in the figures; 1. an outer box; 2. a harness; 3. a bottom guard assembly; 4. a marine carbon sequestration measurement and calculation component; 5. a top guard assembly; 6. a pulling assembly; 7. a closure assembly; 8. a universal wheel; 31. a fixed block; 32. a buffer spring; 33. a carrier plate; 34. a vertical rod; 35. a limiting block; 41. a marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device; 42. a fixing plate; 43. a first fixing screw; 51. a concave plate; 52. a protection plate; 53. a second fixing screw; 54. a connecting plate; 55. a protective sponge; 61. a telescopic housing; 62. pulling a rod; 63. a third fixing screw; 64. pulling the handle; 71. a box door; 72. a door handle.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0030] The utility model is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.|[0031] Please refer to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7 in combination, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure shown at A in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure shown at B in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the concave block shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure shown at C in FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the right side of the telescoping housing of FIG. 5; fig. 7 is a schematic view of the door of fig. 1. The ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly comprises an outer box 1;|[0032] the right sides of the two braces 2 are fixedly connected with the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box 1;|[0033] the bottom protection component 3 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box 1, the bottom protection component 3 comprises two fixing blocks 31, the bottoms of the two fixing blocks 31 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box 1, the tops of the two fixing blocks 31 are both fixedly connected with buffer springs 32, the tops of the two buffer springs 32 are both fixedly connected with a bearing plate 33, both sides of the bearing plate 33 are both slidably connected with vertical rods 34, the bottoms of the two vertical rods 34 are fixedly connected with the left side and the right side of the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box 1, and the surfaces of the two vertical rods 34 are both sleeved with limit blocks 35;|[0034] the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating component 4 is fixedly arranged at the top of the bottom protection component 3;|[0035] the left side of the top protection component 5 is fixed on the left side of the inner wall of the outer box 1;|[0036] the bottom of the pulling component 6 is fixedly connected with the right side of the top of the outer box 1;|[0037] the left side of the back of the closing component 7 is rotatably connected with the left side of the front of the outer box 1;|[0038] four universal wheels 8, the equal fixed connection in bottom of outer container 1 in top of four universal wheels 8.|[0039] The ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating component 4 comprises an ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41, the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 is arranged at the top of the bearing plate 33, fixing plates 42 are fixedly connected to two sides of the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41, first fixing screws 43 are arranged at the tops of the two fixing plates 42, and the bottoms of the two first fixing screws 43 penetrate through the bottoms of the two fixing plates 42 and the left side and the right side of the top of the bearing plate 33 and extend to the left side and the right side of the top of the inner wall of the bearing plate 33.|[0040] Top protection component 5 includes notch plate 51, notch plate 51's left side fixed connection is in the left top of outer container 1 inner wall, be provided with guard plate 52 between notch plate 51 inner wall top and the bottom, the left side of guard plate 52 runs through the right side of outer container 1 and extends from between notch plate 51 inner wall top and the bottom, guard plate 52 right side is provided with second fixed screw 53, the right side that guard plate 52 and outer container 1 were run through in the left side of second fixed screw 53 and extend to the right side of outer container 1 inner wall, the bottom fixedly connected with connecting plate 54 of guard plate 52, the bottom of connecting plate 54 is provided with protection sponge 55.|[0041] The pulling assembly 6 comprises a telescopic shell 61, the bottom of the telescopic shell 61 is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box 1, and a pulling rod 62 is arranged on the peripheral side surface of the inner wall of the telescopic shell 61.|[0042] The top of the front surface of the telescopic shell 61 is provided with a third fixing screw 63, the back surface of the third fixing screw 63 penetrates through the front surfaces of the telescopic shell 61 and the pulling rod 62 and extends to the front side of the inner wall of the pulling rod 62, and the pulling rod 62 is fixedly connected with a pulling handle 64.|[0043] The closing assembly 7 comprises a box door 71, the back of the box door 71 is rotatably connected to the left side of the front of the outer box 1, a box door handle 72 is fixedly connected to the front of the box door 71, the top of the protective sponge 55 and the bottom of the connecting plate 54 are adhered together through magic tapes, threaded holes are formed in the two sides of the top of the bearing plate 33, threaded holes are formed in the right side of the protective plate 52, threaded holes are formed in the left side of the top of the outer box 1, threaded holes are formed in the front of the pulling rod 62 and the front of the telescopic shell 61, and a door lock is arranged on the box door 71.|[0044] The working principle of the marine solid carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly provided by the utility model is as follows:|[0045] the first step is as follows: when a scientific researcher needs to go to a measuring place, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 is firstly placed on the top of the bearing plate 33, then the fixing plate 42 is connected with the bearing plate 33 through the first fixing screw 43, after the connection is completed, the protection plate 52 is inserted into the outer box 1 from the top of the left side of the outer box 1, when the protection plate 52 is in contact with the concave plate 51 and overlapped, the protection plate 52 is fixed with the outer box 1 through the second fixing screw 53, then the protection sponge 55 is attached to the bottom of the connecting plate 54, and then the box door 71 is closed.|[0046] The second step is that: the outer box 1 can be carried on the back by the carrying strap 2.|[0047] The third step: the pulling rod 62 can also be pulled out of the telescopic shell 61 by pulling the handle 64, then the pulling rod 62 and the telescopic shell 61 are fixed by using a third fixing screw 63, then the pulling handle 64 is pulled, and the universal wheel 8 at the bottom of the outer box 1 is driven by the pulling handle 64 to move.|[0048] The fourth step: when the ocean carbon sequestration measuring device 41 is fallen downwards, at first the bearing plate 33 can move downwards, the bearing plate 33 drives the buffer spring 32 to extrude downwards, the buffer spring 32 can drive the bearing plate 33 to move upwards under the action of elastic force after the outer box 1 falls to the ground, the bearing plate 33 stops moving upwards when the two sides of the bearing plate 33 touch the limiting blocks 35, and the protection sponge 55 can also protect the device to a certain extent when the ocean carbon sequestration measuring device rises.|[0049] The fifth step: when the ocean carbon sequestration measuring device 41 arrives at the measuring place, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring device 41 is taken out for measurement.|[0050] Compared with the related technology, the ocean fixed carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:|[0051] the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 can be carried quickly and conveniently by using the outer box 1, the straps 2, the pulling assembly 6 and the universal wheels 8 in a matched mode, so that researchers can more quickly bring the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 to a required place for measuring and calculating ocean carbon sequestration, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 can be prevented from being directly damaged when being impacted when suffering from other sudden conditions such as collision due to the matched use of the outer box 1, the bottom protection assembly 3 and the top protection assembly 4, and unnecessary loss is reduced.|[0052] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention. | (CN215574938)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the field of ocean carbon sequestration measurement and calculation, in particular to an ocean carbon sequestration measurement and calculation device convenient to carry quickly.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean is used as the largest carbon reservoir on the earth, participates in 93 percent of carbon dioxide circulation process on the earth, absorbs 30 percent of the global carbon dioxide emission every year, has obvious carbon fixing effect and huge potential.|[0003] Most of the existing ocean solid carbon detection methods utilize an ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device to detect ocean solid carbon.|[0004] Due to the fact that the distribution areas of ocean solid carbon are different, researchers often need to bring ocean solid carbon measurement and calculation devices to different places to measure and calculate the ocean solid carbon, however, the existing ocean solid carbon measurement and calculation devices do not have the function of being carried fast, inconvenience is brought to the researchers to a certain extent, and the devices are likely to be damaged and bring unnecessary loss if being impacted or under other sudden conditions in the process of transferring positions.|[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a portable ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device to solve the above technical problems.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The utility model provides a portable ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device, which solves the problem that the measuring and calculating device is easy to damage when the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device is inconvenient to carry and is subjected to an impact emergency in the process of carrying and transferring.|[0007] In order to solve the technical problem, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly comprises an outer box;|[0008] the right sides of the straps are fixedly connected to the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box;|[0009] the bottom protection component comprises two fixed blocks, the bottoms of the two fixed blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box, the tops of the two fixed blocks are fixedly connected with buffer springs, the tops of the two buffer springs are fixedly connected with a bearing plate, two sides of the bearing plate are respectively connected with a vertical rod in a sliding mode, the bottoms of the two vertical rods are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box, and a limiting block is sleeved on the surfaces of the two vertical rods;|[0010] the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating component is arranged at the top of the bottom protection component,|[0011] the left side of the top protection component is fixed on the left side of the inner wall of the outer box;|[0012] the bottom of the pulling assembly is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box;|[0013] the left side of the back surface of the closing component is rotatably connected with the left side of the front surface of the outer box;|[0014] four universal wheels, four the top of universal wheel all fixed connection in the bottom of outer container.|[0015] Preferably, the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating component comprises an ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device, the bottom of the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device is arranged at the top of the bearing plate, fixing plates are fixedly connected to two sides of the ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device, first fixing screws are arranged at the tops of the two fixing plates, and the bottoms of the two first fixing screws penetrate through the bottoms of the two fixing plates and the left side and the right side of the top of the bearing plate and extend to the left side and the right side of the top of the inner wall of the bearing plate.|[0016] Preferably, the top protection subassembly includes the notch plate, the left side fixed connection of notch plate in the left top of outer container inner wall, be provided with the guard plate between notch plate inner wall top and the bottom, the left side of guard plate runs through the right side of outer container and extends from between notch plate inner wall top and the bottom, the guard plate right side is provided with the second fixed screw, the right side that guard plate and outer container were run through in the left side of second fixed screw and extend to the right side of outer container inner wall, the bottom fixedly connected with connecting plate of guard plate, the bottom of connecting plate is provided with the protection sponge.|[0017] Preferably, the pulling assembly comprises a telescopic shell, the bottom of the telescopic shell is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box, and the peripheral side face of the inner wall of the telescopic shell is provided with a pulling rod.|[0018] Preferably, the top of the front surface of the telescopic shell is provided with a third fixing screw, the back surface of the third fixing screw penetrates through the front surfaces of the telescopic shell and the pulling rod and extends to the front side of the inner wall of the pulling rod, and the pulling rod is fixedly connected with a pulling handle.|[0019] Preferably, the closing component comprises a box door, the back of the box door is rotatably connected to the left side of the front of the outer box, and the front of the box door is fixedly connected with a box door handle.|[0020] Compared with the related technology, the ocean fixed carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:|[0021] the utility model provides a marine solid carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly, which can be carried quickly and conveniently under the matching use of an outer box, straps, a pulling assembly and universal wheels, so that researchers can more quickly bring the marine solid carbon measuring and calculating device to a place where marine solid carbon is required to be measured and calculated, and the marine solid carbon measuring and calculating device can be prevented from being directly damaged when being impacted under other sudden conditions such as collision and the like by the matching use of the outer box, a bottom protection assembly and a top protection assembly, and unnecessary loss is reduced.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;|[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure shown at A in FIG. 1;|[0024] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure shown at B in FIG. 1;|[0025] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the concave block shown in FIG. 1;|[0026] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure shown at C in FIG. 1;|[0027] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the right side of the telescoping housing of FIG. 5;|[0028] fig. 7 is a schematic view of the door of fig. 1.|[0029] Reference numerals in the figures; 1. an outer box; 2. a harness; 3. a bottom guard assembly; 4. a marine carbon sequestration measurement and calculation component; 5. a top guard assembly; 6. a pulling assembly; 7. a closure assembly; 8. a universal wheel; 31. a fixed block; 32. a buffer spring; 33. a carrier plate; 34. a vertical rod; 35. a limiting block; 41. a marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device; 42. a fixing plate; 43. a first fixing screw; 51. a concave plate; 52. a protection plate; 53. a second fixing screw; 54. a connecting plate; 55. a protective sponge; 61. a telescopic housing; 62. pulling a rod; 63. a third fixing screw; 64. pulling the handle; 71. a box door; 72. a door handle.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0030] The utility model is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.|[0031] Please refer to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7 in combination, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure shown at A in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure shown at B in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the concave block shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure shown at C in FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the right side of the telescoping housing of FIG. 5; fig. 7 is a schematic view of the door of fig. 1. The ocean solid carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly comprises an outer box 1;|[0032] the right sides of the two braces 2 are fixedly connected with the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box 1;|[0033] the bottom protection component 3 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box 1, the bottom protection component 3 comprises two fixing blocks 31, the bottoms of the two fixing blocks 31 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box 1, the tops of the two fixing blocks 31 are both fixedly connected with buffer springs 32, the tops of the two buffer springs 32 are both fixedly connected with a bearing plate 33, both sides of the bearing plate 33 are both slidably connected with vertical rods 34, the bottoms of the two vertical rods 34 are fixedly connected with the left side and the right side of the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box 1, and the surfaces of the two vertical rods 34 are both sleeved with limit blocks 35;|[0034] the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating component 4 is fixedly arranged at the top of the bottom protection component 3;|[0035] the left side of the top protection component 5 is fixed on the left side of the inner wall of the outer box 1;|[0036] the bottom of the pulling component 6 is fixedly connected with the right side of the top of the outer box 1;|[0037] the left side of the back of the closing component 7 is rotatably connected with the left side of the front of the outer box 1;|[0038] four universal wheels 8, the equal fixed connection in bottom of outer container 1 in top of four universal wheels 8.|[0039] The ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating component 4 comprises an ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41, the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 is arranged at the top of the bearing plate 33, fixing plates 42 are fixedly connected to two sides of the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41, first fixing screws 43 are arranged at the tops of the two fixing plates 42, and the bottoms of the two first fixing screws 43 penetrate through the bottoms of the two fixing plates 42 and the left side and the right side of the top of the bearing plate 33 and extend to the left side and the right side of the top of the inner wall of the bearing plate 33.|[0040] Top protection component 5 includes notch plate 51, notch plate 51's left side fixed connection is in the left top of outer container 1 inner wall, be provided with guard plate 52 between notch plate 51 inner wall top and the bottom, the left side of guard plate 52 runs through the right side of outer container 1 and extends from between notch plate 51 inner wall top and the bottom, guard plate 52 right side is provided with second fixed screw 53, the right side that guard plate 52 and outer container 1 were run through in the left side of second fixed screw 53 and extend to the right side of outer container 1 inner wall, the bottom fixedly connected with connecting plate 54 of guard plate 52, the bottom of connecting plate 54 is provided with protection sponge 55.|[0041] The pulling assembly 6 comprises a telescopic shell 61, the bottom of the telescopic shell 61 is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box 1, and a pulling rod 62 is arranged on the peripheral side surface of the inner wall of the telescopic shell 61.|[0042] The top of the front surface of the telescopic shell 61 is provided with a third fixing screw 63, the back surface of the third fixing screw 63 penetrates through the front surfaces of the telescopic shell 61 and the pulling rod 62 and extends to the front side of the inner wall of the pulling rod 62, and the pulling rod 62 is fixedly connected with a pulling handle 64.|[0043] The closing assembly 7 comprises a box door 71, the back of the box door 71 is rotatably connected to the left side of the front of the outer box 1, a box door handle 72 is fixedly connected to the front of the box door 71, the top of the protective sponge 55 and the bottom of the connecting plate 54 are adhered together through magic tapes, threaded holes are formed in the two sides of the top of the bearing plate 33, threaded holes are formed in the right side of the protective plate 52, threaded holes are formed in the left side of the top of the outer box 1, threaded holes are formed in the front of the pulling rod 62 and the front of the telescopic shell 61, and a door lock is arranged on the box door 71.|[0044] The working principle of the marine solid carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly provided by the utility model is as follows:|[0045] the first step is as follows: when a scientific researcher needs to go to a measuring place, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 is firstly placed on the top of the bearing plate 33, then the fixing plate 42 is connected with the bearing plate 33 through the first fixing screw 43, after the connection is completed, the protection plate 52 is inserted into the outer box 1 from the top of the left side of the outer box 1, when the protection plate 52 is in contact with the concave plate 51 and overlapped, the protection plate 52 is fixed with the outer box 1 through the second fixing screw 53, then the protection sponge 55 is attached to the bottom of the connecting plate 54, and then the box door 71 is closed.|[0046] The second step is that: the outer box 1 can be carried on the back by the carrying strap 2.|[0047] The third step: the pulling rod 62 can also be pulled out of the telescopic shell 61 by pulling the handle 64, then the pulling rod 62 and the telescopic shell 61 are fixed by using a third fixing screw 63, then the pulling handle 64 is pulled, and the universal wheel 8 at the bottom of the outer box 1 is driven by the pulling handle 64 to move.|[0048] The fourth step: when the ocean carbon sequestration measuring device 41 is fallen downwards, at first the bearing plate 33 can move downwards, the bearing plate 33 drives the buffer spring 32 to extrude downwards, the buffer spring 32 can drive the bearing plate 33 to move upwards under the action of elastic force after the outer box 1 falls to the ground, the bearing plate 33 stops moving upwards when the two sides of the bearing plate 33 touch the limiting blocks 35, and the protection sponge 55 can also protect the device to a certain extent when the ocean carbon sequestration measuring device rises.|[0049] The fifth step: when the ocean carbon sequestration measuring device 41 arrives at the measuring place, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring device 41 is taken out for measurement.|[0050] Compared with the related technology, the ocean fixed carbon measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:|[0051] the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 can be carried quickly and conveniently by using the outer box 1, the straps 2, the pulling assembly 6 and the universal wheels 8 in a matched mode, so that researchers can more quickly bring the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 to a required place for measuring and calculating ocean carbon sequestration, the ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device 41 can be prevented from being directly damaged when being impacted when suffering from other sudden conditions such as collision due to the matched use of the outer box 1, the bottom protection assembly 3 and the top protection assembly 4, and unnecessary loss is reduced.|[0052] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(98255842)|98255842|Abstract|(CN215574938U U)|The utility model provides an ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device which is convenient to carry quickly . The marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly comprises an outer box ; the right sides of the straps are fixedly connected to the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box ; the bottom of the bottom protection assembly is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box , the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measurement and calculation assembly is arranged at the top of the bottom protection assembly , and the left side of the top protection assembly is fixed to the left side of the inner wall of the outer box ; and the bottom of the pulling assembly is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box . According to the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient and fast to carry , through cooperative use of the outer box , the straps , the pulling assembly and the universal wheels , the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device can be carried fast and conveniently , and therefore researchers can move the device more fast . |Title|(CN215574938U U)|Marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly | | Analysis of biological materials | G01N-033/00 | G01N-033/00 | CN116990083B | CN116990083B 107125956 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | GRANTED | (CN215574938)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN215574938)|ALIVE | (CN215574938)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN215574938|Actual or expected expiration date=2031-05-19|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2021-05-19|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202121072336|Application date=2021-05-19|Standardized application number=2021CN-U1072336|Event publication date=2022-01-18|Event code=CN/U|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Registered Utility Model|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN215574938|Publication stage code=U|Publication date=2022-01-18|Standardized publication number=CN215574938U|Event publication date=2022-01-18|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN215574938)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=jf59U3ybGzYxAACl3uO3EqqLeopS8oZMbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000061126412&ekey=1893&xpn=CN215574938U&kind=U | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=UzlxJLhqBXu4y9LNJU2XBLmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN215574938)|CN | (CN215574938)|NAME=SOUTH CHINA INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. MEE , COUNTRY=CN | (CN215574938)|NAME=LI LILI;GUANGZHOU ZHIYUAN CHUANGDA PATENT AGENCY CO., LTD , REG=44619 | (CN215574938)|NAME=WANG MIN|NAME=CHEN CHEN|NAME=WU YANLI|NAME=WANG YUANNAN|NAME=LUO HAILIN|NAME=HE TAO | Titre: (CN215574938)|Marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly Résumé: (CN215574938)|The utility model provides an ocean carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device which is convenient to carry quickly. The marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient to carry quickly comprises an outer box; the right sides of the straps are fixedly connected to the front side and the rear side of the left side of the outer box; the bottom of the bottom protection assembly is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the outer box, the bottom of the ocean carbon sequestration measurement and calculation assembly is arranged at the top of the bottom protection assembly, and the left side of the top protection assembly is fixed to the left side of the inner wall of the outer box; and the bottom of the pulling assembly is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the outer box. According to the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device convenient and fast to carry, through cooperative use of the outer box, the straps, the pulling assembly and the universal wheels, the marine carbon sequestration measuring and calculating device can be carried fast and conveniently, and therefore researchers can move the device more fast. | 17.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a measuring and calculating device for marine carbon sequestration, not on the fertilization of oceans or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN215574938)|1 | (CN215574938)|5 | (CN215574938)|6 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN215574938)|7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN215574938)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2022-01-18|Gazette number: GAZNUM=38-0301|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12| | (CN215574938)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN215574938U)|Utility model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 | CN202320265733U | CN202320265733U | CN219237317 | 105413833 | CN219237317 U 2023-06-23 [CN219237317U] | 2023-02-20 | 2023-02-20 | 2023-06-23 | (CN219237317U)|2023-06-23 | (CN219237317)|2025-02-21 | (CN219237317)|Ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy | (CN219237317)|The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, and particularly discloses an ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy, which comprises a casing, a control module and a power supply module are arranged in the casing, and the control module is electrically connected with the power supply module; the power generation device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module; the propelling device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the control module; and the pumping device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the control module. The carbon sequestration device has the advantages of wide working range and low carbon sequestration cost. | GUANGZHOU MARITIME INSTITUTE | (CN219237317)|GUANGZHOU MARITIME INSTITUTE ([CN]) | LI SHUGUANG|CENG JIAWEI|XIE JIALING|BI QINGYANG|LEI ZIJUAN|LOU XIAOMING|LU FANGZI|YANG BILIN|LI WEN|SHAO XUXU|DONG ZHEHAO|HUANG HUIXUAN|HAN YACHEN|LIU ZHENG|TAN HONGXI|MA YUCHEN|YE WEIQIANG | (CN219237317)|LI SHUGUANG|CENG JIAWEI|XIE JIALING|BI QINGYANG|LEI ZIJUAN|LOU XIAOMING|LU FANGZI|YANG BILIN|LI WEN|SHAO XUXU|DONG ZHEHAO|HUANG HUIXUAN|HAN YACHEN|LIU ZHENG|TAN HONGXI|MA YUCHEN|YE WEIQIANG | (CN219237317)|XU YINGWEI;GUANG ZHOU SINO PATENT & TRADEMARK AGENT CO LTD|Reg. Nb: 44100 | (CN219237317)|Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide the marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy, which has the advantages of wide working range and low carbon fixation cost.|By adopting the scheme, through setting up propulsion motor and propulsion impeller, through the control of control module to propulsion motor, drive propulsion impeller rotates when propulsion module operation, can make ocean carbon burden discharging equipment remove on the sea to make ocean carbon burden discharging equipment can work in different positions, make more organic salts transported the upper strata of ocean by the pump line, with play the neutralization of maximum carbon.|The Clark liu team uses wave energy as a power source, and has the advantages of simple structure, low price, reliable performance and no need of external energy supply.|However, the existing artificial upflow devices are not widely applied to engineering, and some devices use wave energy as a power source, are extremely unstable in energy supply, are limited by climatic conditions, have the defects of low efficiency and small flow, and cannot meet the requirement of greatly improving the primary productivity of the ocean to assist the ocean for 'carbon negative emission'; some devices have the defects of remarkable effect, huge energy consumption, limited working range and large volume, and later, the devices need special maintenance and repair, and have high cost.|The application has the following beneficial effects: firstly, by arranging the wind power generation module 31, the solar power generation module 32 and the wave power generation module 33 on the shell 1 respectively, electric energy can be obtained under the condition of no environmental pollution, and self-sufficiency of the electric energy can be realized; secondly, a propulsion device 4 is arranged on the shell 1, and the propulsion device 4 can enable the marine carbon negative emission device to realize the purpose of directional movement under the control of the control module, so that the working range of the marine carbon negative emission device is increased, and the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device floats without purpose under the action of sea waves is avoided; thirdly, the ocean carbon negative emission device can manufacture ascending flow or descending flow through the pumping device 5, carbon fixation amount of the biological pump can be improved through the ascending flow, carbon storage efficiency of the micro biological carbon pump can be further improved, carbon storage rate of the ocean dissolution pump and sedimentation speed of granular organic carbon generated by the ocean biological pump to the sea bottom can be improved through the descending flow, and accordingly the purpose of carbon negative emission is achieved.|The marine carbon negative emission device based on the clean energy has the following beneficial effects: firstly, through respectively arranging the wind power generation module, the solar power generation module and the wave power generation module on the shell, the acquisition of electric energy can be realized under the condition of no environmental pollution, and the self-sufficiency of the electric energy can be realized; secondly, a propulsion device is arranged on the shell, and can enable the marine carbon negative emission device to realize the purpose of directional movement under the control of the control module, so that the working range of the marine carbon negative emission device is increased, and the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device floats without purpose under the action of sea waves is avoided; and thirdly, the ocean carbon negative emission device can manufacture ascending flow or descending flow through the pumping device, carbon fixation amount of the biological pump can be improved through the ascending flow, carbon storage efficiency of the micro biological carbon pump can be improved, carbon storage rate of the ocean dissolution pump and sedimentation speed of granular organic carbon generated by the ocean biological pump to the sea can be improved through the descending flow, and accordingly the purpose of carbon negative emission is achieved.| | (CN219237317)|1. A clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device, comprising: the shell is internally provided with a control module and a power module, and the control module is electrically connected with the power module; the power generation device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module; the propelling device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module; and the pumping device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module.| | (CN219237317)|The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sinks, and particularly discloses an ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy, which comprises: the shell is internally provided with a control module and a power module, and the control module is electrically connected with the power module; the power generation device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module; the propelling device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module; and the pumping device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module. The utility model has the advantages of wide working range and low carbon fixation cost.| | (CN219237317)|EMITTING CARBON NEGATIVE(100,49)|OCEAN CARBON NEGATIVE(100,20)|OCEAN CARBON NEGATIVE EMISSION(100,20)|CLEAN ENERGY(100,11)|OCEAN DISSOLUTION PUMP(100,2)|OCEAN CARBON BURDEN(83,2)|SHELL(80,36)|MARINE CARBON NEGATIVE EMISSION(80,27)|DRIVEN ROTOR(68,2)|PROPULSION ROTOR(65,8)|CLARK LIU(61,1)|OCEAN BIOLOGICAL PUMP(60,2)|MICROBIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP(53,5)|PUMPING(52,14)|DRIVING MOTOR(52,3)|RELIABLE INSTALLING(47,1)|ANCHOR INGOT(46,6)|ARTIFICIAL UPFLOW(45,7)|SEDIMENTATION(45,2)|EFFICIENCY DEFECT(44,1)|PROPULSION(42,18)|MOVEABLE PUMP PIPE(42,10)|DESCENDING FLOW(42,7)|OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(42,1)|MOVEMENT DIRECTION(41,2)|ASCENDING FLOW(40,9)|ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION(38,2)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(37,2)|PIPE ORIFICE(35,4)|OCEAN UPPER STRATA(35,2)|CLIMATIC CONDITION(35,1)|MAXIMUM CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(35,1)|HUGE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(32,1)|SOLAR POWER GENERATION MODULE(31,11)|ANCHOR MACHINE(30,6)|INHAUL CABLE(30,2)|WINDPOWER GENERATION MODULE(29,11)|CARBON PUMP(29,5)|POWER GENERATION(28,15)|ORGANIC CARBON GRANULE(28,5)|PIPE COLLECTING WHEEL(28,5)|SEA(27,24)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(27,15)|PROPULSION MOTOR(27,6)|SEA WAVE(27,2)|EFFECT DEFECT(26,1)|ENGINEERING(26,1)|PRICE(26,1)|ELECTRIC ENERGY ACQUISITION(25,1)|AUTONOMY(24,6)|CONTROL MODULE(23,21)|CARBON STORAGE(23,6)|UPPER STRATA(22,2)|POWER MODULE(21,12)|POWER SUPPLY MODULE(21,7)|REPAIR(21,1)|ELECTRIC ENERGY SELF SUFFICIENCY(20,6)|PROPULSION MODULE(20,2)|MAXIMUM CARBON(20,1)|OCEAN COLLEGE PROFESSOR TEAM(20,1)|PROPELLING MOTOR DRIVING SHAFT(20,1)|WAVE ENERGY(19,4)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(19,1)|CARBON FIXATION(18,10)|CONSTANT PUMP PIPE(18,5)|PROPELLANT(17,4)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(17,3)|SEA BOTTOM(17,2)|SOLAR PANEL(16,7)|CARBON STORAGE EFFICIENCY(16,5)|TUMBLER WAVE POWER GENERATOR(16,3)|CARBON SINK(16,2)|LOW CARBON FIXATION COST(16,2)|ELECTRIC ENERGY(15,18)|PHYTOPLANKTON MASS PROPAGATION(15,3)|ENERGY SUPPLY(15,2)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(15,1)|WAVE POWER GENERATION MODULE(14,8)|WIDE WORKING RANGE(14,2)|CASING(13,12)|SEAWATER DEPTH(12,3)|INDICATION DIRECTION(11,3)|MICROBIOLOGICAL PUMP(11,3)|PIPE DRIVING SHAFT(11,3)|ORGANIC SALT(11,2)|CLARK LIU TEAM(11,1)|LARGE VOLUME(11,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS(11,1)|WINDPOWER GENERATOR(10,5)|OCEAN NEGATIVE EMISSION(10,2)|PUMP LINE(10,2)|HUGE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT(10,1)|OCEAN UPFLOW(10,1)|SEA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(10,1)|SEAWATER NUTRIENT SALT(10,1)|ARTIFICIAL UPFLOW SINK INCREASING(9,2)|POWER SOURCE(9,2)|DISSOLVING PUMP(8,3)|LARGE SCALE PROPAGATION(8,3)|SETTING UP PROPULSION MOTOR(8,2)|FURTHEST CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(8,1)|GLOBAL CLIMATE WARMING(8,1)|SEA EUTROPHICATION(8,1)|SEAWEED CULTURE YIELD(8,1)|TREND AGGRAVATION(8,1)|WAVE POWER GENERATION(7,8)|PREMISE(7,4)|WORKING RANGE(7,4)|ADAPTABILITY(7,2)|ARTIFICIAL ASCENDING DESCENDING FLOW(7,2)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(7,2)|WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(7,2)|OCEAN GATHERING(7,1)|OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCER PRODUCTIVITY(7,1)|RICH NUTRITION(7,1)|SMALL FLOW(7,1)|TUMBLER SEA WAVE GENERATOR(7,1)|WAVE PUMP UPFLOW(7,1)|ROTOR(6,3)|POSTURE(6,2)|BOTTOM EUTROPHIC SALT SEAWATER(6,1)|CO2 NEGATIVE EMISSION(6,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|RESEARCH PROGRESS(6,1)|RICH NUTRIENT(6,1)|VISUALIZED IMPORTANT THEORY(6,1)|ALGAE(5,5)|COOPERATION(5,2)|DIVERTER(5,2)|INVERTER(5,2)|PIPE COLLECTING MOTOR(5,2)|PROPULSION DRIVING SHAFT(5,2)|RECTIFIER(5,2)|SEABED(5,2)|SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION(5,2)|UNIVERSITY(5,2)|AIR PUMP ARTIFICIAL UPFLOW(5,1)| | (CN219237317)|1. A clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device, comprising:|the shell is internally provided with a control module and a power module, and the control module is electrically connected with the power module;|the power generation device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module;|the propelling device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module;|and the pumping device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module.|2. The clean energy based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 1, wherein the pumping device comprises:|the pump body is arranged on the shell and is provided with a fixed pump pipe and a movable pump pipe;|the pipe collecting motor is arranged on the shell, a pipe collecting wheel is arranged on a driving shaft of the pipe collecting motor, and the movable pump pipe is wound on the pipe collecting wheel.|3. The clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 2, wherein: the movable pump pipe is far away from one end of the pump main body is provided with a weight, and the pipe orifice of the fixed pump pipe and the pipe orifice of the movable pump pipe are both provided with filters.|4. The clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 1, wherein: the power generation device comprises a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module and a wave power generation module.|5. The clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 4, wherein: the wind power generation module comprises a wind power generator which is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module.|6. The clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 4, wherein: the solar power generation module comprises a solar panel, and the solar panel is arranged on the outer surface of the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module.|7. The clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 4, wherein: the wave energy power generation module comprises a tumbler type wave power generator, and the tumbler type wave power generator is arranged in the shell and is electrically connected with the power module.|8. The clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 1, wherein: the propelling device comprises a propelling motor and a propelling impeller, the propelling motor is arranged on the shell, and the propelling impeller is arranged on a driving shaft of the propelling motor.|9. The clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 1, wherein: the casing is provided with a fixing device.|10. The clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of claim 9, wherein: the fixing device comprises an anchor machine and an anchor ingot, wherein the anchor machine is arranged on the shell, and the anchor ingot is connected with the anchor machine through a inhaul cable. | (CN219237317)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sinks, in particular to an ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The greenhouse effect has been one of the factors affecting the human development prospect. In 2021, the inter-government climate change committee (IPCC) of united states indicated in the report that the global air temperature was increased by 1.2 ℃ compared to the level before industrialization (average 1850-1900). One of the effective ways to alleviate the further aggravated trend of greenhouse effect is to realize the negative emission of CO2, the ocean is used as the largest active carbon reservoir on the earth, and the ocean carbon negative emission technology has huge carbon negative emission potential and development prospect and is one of the important ways to solve the global climate warming problem.|[0003] The mechanisms by which the ocean participates in carbon negative emissions include the ocean "solubility pump", "biological pump", "micro-biological pump" and "carbonate pump". Wherein the marine "bio-pumps" and "micro-bio-pumps" play a great role in the carbon negative emission process of the ocean. The ocean 'biological pump' fixes C02 in sea water by means of photosynthesis of primary producers such as algae in the ocean, and then transmits the C02 to the ocean 'micro biological pump' to convert the C02 into stable inert dissolved organic carbon, and finally the whole process from absorption to fixation to storage of the ocean to realize the carbon negative emission of the ocean is realized. Research shows that the more the carbon fixation amount of the ocean 'biological pump', the more the carbon storage amount of the corresponding ocean 'micro biological pump', namely the more the ocean carbon negative emission amount is realized.|[0004] The quantity of primary producers such as algae influences the carbon fixation capacity of ocean 'biological pumps', and the concentration of seawater nutrient salt is an important index for determining the productivity of water areas. The artificial upflow sink-increasing technology is to lift deep ocean water rich in nutrient salt to a true light layer through artificial upflow, so that the nutrient salt concentration of surface water is increased, the proportion of trace elements in the deep ocean water is adjusted, photosynthesis of phytoplankton is further promoted, the productivity of ocean primary producers is increased, and finally the sink-increasing of ocean is realized through a mode of increasing the efficiency of a biological pump. The artificial upflow sink-increasing technology has huge development prospect in the technical field of ocean negative emission.|[0005] The artificial upflow and sink increasing technology is used as an engineering technology for simulating an ocean upflow mechanism to realize ocean negative emission, a certain research progress is made at home and abroad at present, and a series of visualized important theories and application achievements are obtained. Such as a wave pump upflow device developed by Clark liu team at university of hawaii in the united states, an air pump artificial upflow device developed by a professor team of ocean college Chen Ying at university of Zhejiang, and the like. The Clark liu team uses wave energy as a power source, and has the advantages of simple structure, low price, reliable performance and no need of external energy supply. In 2021, the giant air pump developed by the university of Zhejiang Chen Ying professor team of Shandong Qingdao is used for increasing the yield of seaweed culture by improving the ascending current ascending efficiency in the Bay sea area of the Shandong Qingdao, and simultaneously, the ecological environment of the sea is effectively restored, the carbon dioxide absorption capacity is improved, and the blue carbon sequestration is promoted.|[0006] The existing ocean carbon negative emission technology is mainly carried out in an ocean carbon negative emission increasing mode, wherein the artificial upflow increasing technology is expected to become an effective way for increasing ocean carbon negative emission, relieving offshore sea eutrophication and improving sea area productivity due to the frontier and development potential of the ocean carbon negative emission technology at home and abroad. However, the existing artificial upflow devices are not widely applied to engineering, and some devices use wave energy as a power source, are extremely unstable in energy supply, are limited by climatic conditions, have the defects of low efficiency and small flow, and cannot meet the requirement of greatly improving the primary productivity of the ocean to assist the ocean for 'carbon negative emission'; some devices have the defects of remarkable effect, huge energy consumption, limited working range and large volume, and later, the devices need special maintenance and repair, and have high cost.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide the marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy, which has the advantages of wide working range and low carbon fixation cost.|[0008] The technical aim of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:|[0009] a clean energy based marine carbon negative emission device comprising:|[0010] the shell is internally provided with a control module and a power module, and the control module is electrically connected with the power module;|[0011] the power generation device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module;|[0012] the propelling device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module;|[0013] and the pumping device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module.|[0014] Compared with the prior art, the propulsion device is arranged on the shell, so that the working range can be effectively enlarged by moving the propulsion device on the sea; secondly, the power generation device is arranged on the shell, and the self-sufficiency of electric energy can be realized through an autonomous power generation mode, so that the working efficiency of the device is ensured; through setting up pumping installations on the casing, can make upflow and downflow through artificial mode, improve ocean solid carbon and store up carbon efficiency effectively.|[0015] As a preferred aspect of the present utility model, the pumping device includes:|[0016] the pump body is arranged on the shell and is provided with a fixed pump pipe and a movable pump pipe;|[0017] the pipe collecting motor is arranged on the shell, a pipe collecting wheel is arranged on a driving shaft of the pipe collecting motor, and the movable pump pipe is wound on the pipe collecting wheel.|[0018] By adopting the scheme, through the cooperation of the pump main body, the fixed pump pipe and the movable pump pipe, ascending flow or descending flow can be manufactured, the seawater with rich nutrient salt at the bottom can be conveyed to a real light layer on the sea surface through manufacturing the ascending flow, the marine ecological environment is improved, mass propagation of phytoplankton and algae is promoted, the carbon fixation amount of a biological pump is improved, the carbon storage efficiency of the micro-biological carbon pump is further improved, and the aim of carbon negative emission is fulfilled; the flow of the surface sea water to the deep sea water can be accelerated by manufacturing the down flow, the carbon storage rate of the ocean 'dissolving pump' and the sedimentation rate of the granular organic carbon generated by the ocean 'biological pump' to the seabed are improved, and the high-efficiency ocean carbon storage and carbon fixation can be realized by lower cost.|[0019] As a preferable scheme of the utility model, one end of the movable pump pipe far away from the pump main body is provided with a weight, and the pipe orifice of the fixed pump pipe and the pipe orifice of the movable pump pipe are both provided with filters.|[0020] By adopting the scheme, the weight is arranged at one end of the movable pump pipe far away from the pump body, and when the movable pump pipe is put down by the pipe collecting motor, the weight arranged on the movable pump pipe can enable the one end of the movable pump pipe far away from the pump body to sink into the sea through the gravity of the weight.|[0021] As a preferable mode of the present utility model, the power generation device includes a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, and a wave power generation module.|[0022] By adopting the scheme, natural energy can be effectively converted into electric energy through the wind power generation module, the solar power generation module and the wave power generation module, the self-sufficiency of the electric energy of the ocean carbon negative emission device is realized, the environment is not polluted, and the endurance time of the ocean carbon negative emission device is effectively improved so as to ensure the working efficiency.|[0023] As a preferred aspect of the present utility model, the wind power generation module includes a wind power generator disposed on the cabinet and electrically connected with the power supply module.|[0024] By adopting the scheme, the wind power generator can effectively utilize wind energy in the nature, converts the wind energy into electric energy for the marine carbon negative emission device to use, and can obtain electric energy on the premise of not polluting the environment.|[0025] As a preferred aspect of the present utility model, the solar power generation module includes a solar panel disposed on an outer surface of the housing and electrically connected to the power module.|[0026] By adopting the scheme, as the high-altitude shielding object does not exist at sea, solar panels are arranged on the shell to fully collect solar energy and convert the collected solar energy into electric energy for the marine carbon negative emission device to use, so that electric energy can be obtained on the premise of not polluting the environment.|[0027] As a preferable scheme of the utility model, the wave power generation module comprises a tumbler type wave power generator, and the tumbler type wave power generator is arranged in the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module.|[0028] By adopting the scheme, the tumbler type wave power generator not only can ensure the power generation efficiency, but also has relatively simplified structure and reduced device volume compared with the common wave power generator, thereby further reducing the manufacturing cost of the ocean carbon negative emission device and improving the environmental adaptability of the ocean carbon negative emission device.|[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the propulsion device includes a propulsion motor provided on the casing and a propulsion impeller provided on a drive shaft of the propulsion motor.|[0030] By adopting the scheme, through setting up propulsion motor and propulsion impeller, through the control of control module to propulsion motor, drive propulsion impeller rotates when propulsion module operation, can make ocean carbon burden discharging equipment remove on the sea to make ocean carbon burden discharging equipment can work in different positions, make more organic salts transported the upper strata of ocean by the pump line, with play the neutralization of maximum carbon.|[0031] As a preferable mode of the utility model, the casing is provided with a fixing device.|[0032] By adopting the scheme, the marine carbon negative emission device can be fixed in a certain range on the sea surface by the fixing device, so that the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device cannot be kept in a certain range during working is avoided.|[0033] As a preferable scheme of the utility model, the fixing device comprises an anchor machine and an anchor ingot, wherein the anchor machine is arranged on the shell, and the anchor ingot is connected with the anchor machine through a guy cable.|[0034] By adopting the scheme, the anchor ingot can be retracted and released through the operation of the anchor machine, and further the fixation and the movement of the marine carbon negative emission device are realized.|[0035] The marine carbon negative emission device based on the clean energy has the following beneficial effects: firstly, through respectively arranging the wind power generation module, the solar power generation module and the wave power generation module on the shell, the acquisition of electric energy can be realized under the condition of no environmental pollution, and the self-sufficiency of the electric energy can be realized; secondly, a propulsion device is arranged on the shell, and can enable the marine carbon negative emission device to realize the purpose of directional movement under the control of the control module, so that the working range of the marine carbon negative emission device is increased, and the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device floats without purpose under the action of sea waves is avoided; and thirdly, the ocean carbon negative emission device can manufacture ascending flow or descending flow through the pumping device, carbon fixation amount of the biological pump can be improved through the ascending flow, carbon storage efficiency of the micro biological carbon pump can be improved, carbon storage rate of the ocean dissolution pump and sedimentation speed of granular organic carbon generated by the ocean biological pump to the sea can be improved through the descending flow, and accordingly the purpose of carbon negative emission is achieved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0036] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of the present utility model;|[0037] FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy sources according to the present utility model;|[0038] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pumping device in a clean energy based marine carbon negative emission device according to the present utility model;|[0039] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a propulsion unit of a clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device according to the present utility model;|[0040] in the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a power module; 3. a power generation device; 31. a wind power generation module; 32. a solar power generation module; 33. a wave energy power generation module; 4. a propulsion device; 41. a propulsion motor; 42. propelling the impeller; 43. a diverter; 44. a speed governor; 5. a pumping device; 51. a pump body; 52. fixing a pump pipe; 53. a movable pump tube; 54. a pipe collecting motor; 55. a pipe collecting wheel; 56. a weight; 57. a filter; 6. a fixing device; 61. an anchor machine; 62. an anchor ingot; 63. and (5) a inhaul cable.|[0041] The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0042] The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.|[0043] It should be noted that, if a directional indication (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) is involved in the embodiment of the present utility model, the directional indication is merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a specific posture, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is correspondingly changed.|[0044] In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present utility model, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, if "and/or" and/or "are used throughout, the meaning includes three parallel schemes, for example," a and/or B "including a scheme, or B scheme, or a scheme where a and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.|[0045] The utility model provides a marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy.|[0046] Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present utility model, the marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy includes: the power generation device comprises a shell 1, a power generation device 3, a propulsion device 4 and a pumping device 5, wherein a control module and a power module 2 are arranged in the shell 1, the control module is connected with the power module 2 through wires, in the embodiment, the control module comprises a single chip microcomputer and a control circuit, the power module 2 comprises a storage battery and an inverter, the storage battery is used for storing current generated by the power generation device 3, and alternating current is provided for the propulsion device 4 and the pumping device 5 through the inverter; the power generation device 3 is arranged on the shell 1 and is connected with the storage battery through a rectifier and a voltage stabilizer; the propulsion devices 4 are arranged on the casing 1 and connected with the control module through wires, in this embodiment, two groups of propulsion devices 4 are exemplarily arranged on the casing 1, so that the marine carbon negative emission device in this embodiment has the functions of advancing and steering at sea, and in other embodiments, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the maneuvering performance of the marine carbon negative emission device, the number of the propulsion devices 4 can be increased, which is not repeated herein; the pumping devices 5 are arranged on the casing 1 and connected with the control module by electric wires, in this embodiment, two groups of pumping devices 5 are exemplarily arranged on the casing 1, wherein one group of pumping devices 5 is used for making an ascending flow, and the other group of pumping devices 5 is used for making a descending flow, and in other embodiments, different numbers of pumping devices 5 can be arranged according to actual requirements, and the number of pumping devices 5 is not limited. By arranging the propulsion device 4 on the shell 1, the working range can be effectively enlarged by moving the propulsion device 4 on the sea; secondly, the power generation device 3 is arranged on the shell 1, and the self-sufficiency of electric energy can be realized in an autonomous power generation mode, so that the working efficiency of the device is ensured; by arranging the pumping device 5 on the casing 1, the upflow and the downflow can be manufactured manually, and the ocean carbon sequestration and storage efficiency is effectively improved.|[0047] Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in an embodiment, the pumping device 5 includes: a pump main body 51 and a pipe-collecting motor 54, the pump main body 51 is mounted on the casing 1 by bolts, and a fixed pump pipe 52 and a movable pump pipe 53 are arranged on the pump main body 51; the pipe collecting motor 54 is mounted on the casing 1 through bolts, a pipe collecting wheel 55 is mounted on a driving shaft of the pipe collecting motor 54 through a flange, and the movable pump pipe 53 is wound on the pipe collecting wheel 55. By the cooperation of the pump main body 51, the fixed pump pipe 52 and the movable pump pipe 53, ascending flow or descending flow can be manufactured, seawater with rich nutrition salt at the bottom can be conveyed to a real light layer on the sea surface by manufacturing the ascending flow, the marine ecological environment is improved, mass propagation of phytoplankton and algae is promoted, the carbon fixation amount of a biological pump is improved, the carbon storage efficiency of the micro-biological carbon pump is further improved, and the aim of carbon negative emission is achieved; the flow of the surface sea water to the deep sea water can be accelerated by manufacturing the down flow, the carbon storage rate of the ocean 'dissolving pump' and the sedimentation rate of the granular organic carbon generated by the ocean 'biological pump' to the seabed are improved, and the high-efficiency ocean carbon storage and carbon fixation can be realized by lower cost.|[0048] Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in an embodiment, a weight 56 is provided at an end of the movable pump tube 53 remote from the pump body 51, and a filter 57 is provided at both the orifice of the fixed pump tube 52 and the orifice of the movable pump tube 53. By providing the weight 56 at the end of the movable pump pipe 53 away from the pump body 51, when the movable pump pipe 53 is discharged by the pipe-collecting motor 54, the weight 56 provided on the movable pump pipe 53 can sink the end of the movable pump pipe 53 away from the pump body into the sea by its own weight.|[0049] Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment, the power generation device 3 includes a wind power generation module 31, a solar power generation module 32, and a wave power generation module 33, wherein the wind power generation module 31 includes a wind power generator mounted on a top wall of the cabinet 1 by bolts; the solar power generation module 32 includes a solar panel provided at an outer surface of the casing 1; the wave energy power generation module 33 comprises a tumbler type wave power generator, and the tumbler type wave power generator is arranged in the shell 1; the wind driven generator, the solar panel and the tumbler type sea wave generator are all connected with the storage battery through the rectifier and the voltage stabilizer. Natural energy can be effectively converted into electric energy through the wind power generation module 31, the solar power generation module 32 and the wave power generation module 33, the self-sufficiency of the electric energy of the ocean carbon negative emission device is realized, the environment is not polluted, and the endurance time of the ocean carbon negative emission device is effectively prolonged to ensure the working efficiency; the wind power generator can effectively utilize wind energy in nature, and converts the wind energy into electric energy for the marine carbon negative emission device to use, so that the electric energy can be obtained on the premise of not polluting the environment; because no high-altitude shielding object exists at sea, the solar cell panel is arranged on the shell 1, so that solar energy can be fully collected, and the collected solar energy can be converted into electric energy for the marine carbon negative emission device, and electric energy can be obtained on the premise of not polluting the environment; the tumbler type wave power generator not only can ensure the power generation efficiency, but also has relatively simplified structure compared with the common wave power generator, and reduces the volume of the device, thereby further reducing the manufacturing cost of the ocean carbon negative emission device and improving the environmental adaptability of the ocean carbon negative emission device.|[0050] Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, in an embodiment, the propulsion device 4 includes a propulsion motor 41 and a propulsion impeller 42, the propulsion motor 41 is mounted on the casing 1 by bolts, the propulsion impeller 42 is connected with a driving shaft of the propulsion motor 41 by welding, when the marine carbon negative emission device is located at sea, the propulsion motor 41 and the propulsion impeller 42 are both located below the water surface, in other embodiments, a diverter 43 can be further disposed on the propulsion motor 41 to change the rotation direction of the driving shaft of the propulsion motor 41, and a speed regulator 44 can also be disposed in the propulsion motor 41 to adjust the rotation speed of the propulsion motor 41, and the propulsion impeller 42 can also be fixedly connected with the driving shaft of the propulsion impeller 42 by a bolt flange or the like, which is not described herein. Through setting up propulsion motor 41 and impel impeller 42, through the control of control module to propulsion motor 41, drive impel impeller 42 and rotate when propulsion module operates, can make ocean carbon negative emission device remove on the sea to make ocean carbon negative emission device can work in different positions, make more organic salts transported the upper strata of ocean by the pump line, with play the furthest carbon neutralization.|[0051] Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment, a fixing device 6 is provided on a cabinet 1, the fixing device 6 is provided on the cabinet 1, the fixing device 6 includes an anchor 61 and an anchor 62, the anchor 61 is mounted on the cabinet 1 by bolts, the anchor 62 is connected to the anchor 61 by a cable 63, and an iron chain is exemplarily used as the cable 63 in this embodiment. The fixing device 6 can fix the marine carbon negative emission device in a certain range on the sea surface, so that the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device cannot be kept in a certain range during working is avoided; the anchor 62 can be retracted and extended through the operation of the anchor machine 61, thereby realizing the fixation and movement of the marine carbon negative emission device.|[0052] The principle of the application for realizing carbon negative emission is as follows: the device is driven by clean energy generated by a wind driven generator, a solar panel and a tumbler type sea wave generator to manufacture artificial ascending-descending flow under the action of two pump main bodies 51, combines the artificial ascending-descending flow technology and the ocean carbon fixation and carbon storage ecological effect, ensures that more C02 is fixed and stored by the ocean, realizes ocean gathering and gathering so as to achieve the aim of carbon negative emission, and has the following specific operation principle:|[0053] (1) the device generates artificial downward flow under the action of one pump, accelerates the flow of surface sea water to deep sea water, and improves the carbon storage rate of the ocean 'dissolving pump' and the sedimentation rate of granular organic carbon generated by the ocean 'biological pump' to the bottom of the sea.|[0054] (2) The device generates artificial upflow under the action of another pump, so that the bottom eutrophic salt seawater is conveyed to a real-light layer on the sea surface, the marine ecological environment is improved, mass propagation of phytoplankton and algae is promoted, the carbon fixation amount of a biological pump is improved, the carbon storage efficiency of a micro biological carbon pump is further improved, and the aim of carbon negative emission is fulfilled.|[0055] The application has the following beneficial effects: firstly, by arranging the wind power generation module 31, the solar power generation module 32 and the wave power generation module 33 on the shell 1 respectively, electric energy can be obtained under the condition of no environmental pollution, and self-sufficiency of the electric energy can be realized; secondly, a propulsion device 4 is arranged on the shell 1, and the propulsion device 4 can enable the marine carbon negative emission device to realize the purpose of directional movement under the control of the control module, so that the working range of the marine carbon negative emission device is increased, and the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device floats without purpose under the action of sea waves is avoided; thirdly, the ocean carbon negative emission device can manufacture ascending flow or descending flow through the pumping device 5, carbon fixation amount of the biological pump can be improved through the ascending flow, carbon storage efficiency of the micro biological carbon pump can be further improved, carbon storage rate of the ocean dissolution pump and sedimentation speed of granular organic carbon generated by the ocean biological pump to the sea bottom can be improved through the descending flow, and accordingly the purpose of carbon negative emission is achieved.|[0056] The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the utility model. | (CN219237317)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sinks, in particular to an ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The greenhouse effect has been one of the factors affecting the human development prospect. In 2021, the inter-government climate change committee (IPCC) of united states indicated in the report that the global air temperature was increased by 1.2 ℃ compared to the level before industrialization (average 1850-1900). One of the effective ways to alleviate the further aggravated trend of greenhouse effect is to realize the negative emission of CO2, the ocean is used as the largest active carbon reservoir on the earth, and the ocean carbon negative emission technology has huge carbon negative emission potential and development prospect and is one of the important ways to solve the global climate warming problem.|[0003] The mechanisms by which the ocean participates in carbon negative emissions include the ocean "solubility pump", "biological pump", "micro-biological pump" and "carbonate pump". Wherein the marine "bio-pumps" and "micro-bio-pumps" play a great role in the carbon negative emission process of the ocean. The ocean 'biological pump' fixes C02 in sea water by means of photosynthesis of primary producers such as algae in the ocean, and then transmits the C02 to the ocean 'micro biological pump' to convert the C02 into stable inert dissolved organic carbon, and finally the whole process from absorption to fixation to storage of the ocean to realize the carbon negative emission of the ocean is realized. Research shows that the more the carbon fixation amount of the ocean 'biological pump', the more the carbon storage amount of the corresponding ocean 'micro biological pump', namely the more the ocean carbon negative emission amount is realized.|[0004] The quantity of primary producers such as algae influences the carbon fixation capacity of ocean 'biological pumps', and the concentration of seawater nutrient salt is an important index for determining the productivity of water areas. The artificial upflow sink-increasing technology is to lift deep ocean water rich in nutrient salt to a true light layer through artificial upflow, so that the nutrient salt concentration of surface water is increased, the proportion of trace elements in the deep ocean water is adjusted, photosynthesis of phytoplankton is further promoted, the productivity of ocean primary producers is increased, and finally the sink-increasing of ocean is realized through a mode of increasing the efficiency of a biological pump. The artificial upflow sink-increasing technology has huge development prospect in the technical field of ocean negative emission.|[0005] The artificial upflow and sink increasing technology is used as an engineering technology for simulating an ocean upflow mechanism to realize ocean negative emission, a certain research progress is made at home and abroad at present, and a series of visualized important theories and application achievements are obtained. Such as a wave pump upflow device developed by Clark liu team at university of hawaii in the united states, an air pump artificial upflow device developed by a professor team of ocean college Chen Ying at university of Zhejiang, and the like. The Clark liu team uses wave energy as a power source, and has the advantages of simple structure, low price, reliable performance and no need of external energy supply. In 2021, the giant air pump developed by the university of Zhejiang Chen Ying professor team of Shandong Qingdao is used for increasing the yield of seaweed culture by improving the ascending current ascending efficiency in the Bay sea area of the Shandong Qingdao, and simultaneously, the ecological environment of the sea is effectively restored, the carbon dioxide absorption capacity is improved, and the blue carbon sequestration is promoted.|[0006] The existing ocean carbon negative emission technology is mainly carried out in an ocean carbon negative emission increasing mode, wherein the artificial upflow increasing technology is expected to become an effective way for increasing ocean carbon negative emission, relieving offshore sea eutrophication and improving sea area productivity due to the frontier and development potential of the ocean carbon negative emission technology at home and abroad. However, the existing artificial upflow devices are not widely applied to engineering, and some devices use wave energy as a power source, are extremely unstable in energy supply, are limited by climatic conditions, have the defects of low efficiency and small flow, and cannot meet the requirement of greatly improving the primary productivity of the ocean to assist the ocean for 'carbon negative emission'; some devices have the defects of remarkable effect, huge energy consumption, limited working range and large volume, and later, the devices need special maintenance and repair, and have high cost.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide the marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy, which has the advantages of wide working range and low carbon fixation cost.|[0008] The technical aim of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:|[0009] a clean energy based marine carbon negative emission device comprising:|[0010] the shell is internally provided with a control module and a power module, and the control module is electrically connected with the power module;|[0011] the power generation device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module;|[0012] the propelling device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module;|[0013] and the pumping device is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the control module.|[0014] Compared with the prior art, the propulsion device is arranged on the shell, so that the working range can be effectively enlarged by moving the propulsion device on the sea; secondly, the power generation device is arranged on the shell, and the self-sufficiency of electric energy can be realized through an autonomous power generation mode, so that the working efficiency of the device is ensured; through setting up pumping installations on the casing, can make upflow and downflow through artificial mode, improve ocean solid carbon and store up carbon efficiency effectively.|[0015] As a preferred aspect of the present utility model, the pumping device includes:|[0016] the pump body is arranged on the shell and is provided with a fixed pump pipe and a movable pump pipe;|[0017] the pipe collecting motor is arranged on the shell, a pipe collecting wheel is arranged on a driving shaft of the pipe collecting motor, and the movable pump pipe is wound on the pipe collecting wheel.|[0018] By adopting the scheme, through the cooperation of the pump main body, the fixed pump pipe and the movable pump pipe, ascending flow or descending flow can be manufactured, the seawater with rich nutrient salt at the bottom can be conveyed to a real light layer on the sea surface through manufacturing the ascending flow, the marine ecological environment is improved, mass propagation of phytoplankton and algae is promoted, the carbon fixation amount of a biological pump is improved, the carbon storage efficiency of the micro-biological carbon pump is further improved, and the aim of carbon negative emission is fulfilled; the flow of the surface sea water to the deep sea water can be accelerated by manufacturing the down flow, the carbon storage rate of the ocean 'dissolving pump' and the sedimentation rate of the granular organic carbon generated by the ocean 'biological pump' to the seabed are improved, and the high-efficiency ocean carbon storage and carbon fixation can be realized by lower cost.|[0019] As a preferable scheme of the utility model, one end of the movable pump pipe far away from the pump main body is provided with a weight, and the pipe orifice of the fixed pump pipe and the pipe orifice of the movable pump pipe are both provided with filters.|[0020] By adopting the scheme, the weight is arranged at one end of the movable pump pipe far away from the pump body, and when the movable pump pipe is put down by the pipe collecting motor, the weight arranged on the movable pump pipe can enable the one end of the movable pump pipe far away from the pump body to sink into the sea through the gravity of the weight.|[0021] As a preferable mode of the present utility model, the power generation device includes a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, and a wave power generation module.|[0022] By adopting the scheme, natural energy can be effectively converted into electric energy through the wind power generation module, the solar power generation module and the wave power generation module, the self-sufficiency of the electric energy of the ocean carbon negative emission device is realized, the environment is not polluted, and the endurance time of the ocean carbon negative emission device is effectively improved so as to ensure the working efficiency.|[0023] As a preferred aspect of the present utility model, the wind power generation module includes a wind power generator disposed on the cabinet and electrically connected with the power supply module.|[0024] By adopting the scheme, the wind power generator can effectively utilize wind energy in the nature, converts the wind energy into electric energy for the marine carbon negative emission device to use, and can obtain electric energy on the premise of not polluting the environment.|[0025] As a preferred aspect of the present utility model, the solar power generation module includes a solar panel disposed on an outer surface of the housing and electrically connected to the power module.|[0026] By adopting the scheme, as the high-altitude shielding object does not exist at sea, solar panels are arranged on the shell to fully collect solar energy and convert the collected solar energy into electric energy for the marine carbon negative emission device to use, so that electric energy can be obtained on the premise of not polluting the environment.|[0027] As a preferable scheme of the utility model, the wave power generation module comprises a tumbler type wave power generator, and the tumbler type wave power generator is arranged in the shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module.|[0028] By adopting the scheme, the tumbler type wave power generator not only can ensure the power generation efficiency, but also has relatively simplified structure and reduced device volume compared with the common wave power generator, thereby further reducing the manufacturing cost of the ocean carbon negative emission device and improving the environmental adaptability of the ocean carbon negative emission device.|[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the propulsion device includes a propulsion motor provided on the casing and a propulsion impeller provided on a drive shaft of the propulsion motor.|[0030] By adopting the scheme, through setting up propulsion motor and propulsion impeller, through the control of control module to propulsion motor, drive propulsion impeller rotates when propulsion module operation, can make ocean carbon burden discharging equipment remove on the sea to make ocean carbon burden discharging equipment can work in different positions, make more organic salts transported the upper strata of ocean by the pump line, with play the neutralization of maximum carbon.|[0031] As a preferable mode of the utility model, the casing is provided with a fixing device.|[0032] By adopting the scheme, the marine carbon negative emission device can be fixed in a certain range on the sea surface by the fixing device, so that the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device cannot be kept in a certain range during working is avoided.|[0033] As a preferable scheme of the utility model, the fixing device comprises an anchor machine and an anchor ingot, wherein the anchor machine is arranged on the shell, and the anchor ingot is connected with the anchor machine through a guy cable.|[0034] By adopting the scheme, the anchor ingot can be retracted and released through the operation of the anchor machine, and further the fixation and the movement of the marine carbon negative emission device are realized.|[0035] The marine carbon negative emission device based on the clean energy has the following beneficial effects: firstly, through respectively arranging the wind power generation module, the solar power generation module and the wave power generation module on the shell, the acquisition of electric energy can be realized under the condition of no environmental pollution, and the self-sufficiency of the electric energy can be realized; secondly, a propulsion device is arranged on the shell, and can enable the marine carbon negative emission device to realize the purpose of directional movement under the control of the control module, so that the working range of the marine carbon negative emission device is increased, and the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device floats without purpose under the action of sea waves is avoided; and thirdly, the ocean carbon negative emission device can manufacture ascending flow or descending flow through the pumping device, carbon fixation amount of the biological pump can be improved through the ascending flow, carbon storage efficiency of the micro biological carbon pump can be improved, carbon storage rate of the ocean dissolution pump and sedimentation speed of granular organic carbon generated by the ocean biological pump to the sea can be improved through the descending flow, and accordingly the purpose of carbon negative emission is achieved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0036] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device of the present utility model;|[0037] FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy sources according to the present utility model;|[0038] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pumping device in a clean energy based marine carbon negative emission device according to the present utility model;|[0039] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a propulsion unit of a clean energy-based marine carbon negative emission device according to the present utility model;|[0040] in the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a power module; 3. a power generation device; 31. a wind power generation module; 32. a solar power generation module; 33. a wave energy power generation module; 4. a propulsion device; 41. a propulsion motor; 42. propelling the impeller; 43. a diverter; 44. a speed governor; 5. a pumping device; 51. a pump body; 52. fixing a pump pipe; 53. a movable pump tube; 54. a pipe collecting motor; 55. a pipe collecting wheel; 56. a weight; 57. a filter; 6. a fixing device; 61. an anchor machine; 62. an anchor ingot; 63. and (5) a inhaul cable.|[0041] The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0042] The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.|[0043] It should be noted that, if a directional indication (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) is involved in the embodiment of the present utility model, the directional indication is merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a specific posture, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is correspondingly changed.|[0044] In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present utility model, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, if "and/or" and/or "are used throughout, the meaning includes three parallel schemes, for example," a and/or B "including a scheme, or B scheme, or a scheme where a and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.|[0045] The utility model provides a marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy.|[0046] Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present utility model, the marine carbon negative emission device based on clean energy includes: the power generation device comprises a shell 1, a power generation device 3, a propulsion device 4 and a pumping device 5, wherein a control module and a power module 2 are arranged in the shell 1, the control module is connected with the power module 2 through wires, in the embodiment, the control module comprises a single chip microcomputer and a control circuit, the power module 2 comprises a storage battery and an inverter, the storage battery is used for storing current generated by the power generation device 3, and alternating current is provided for the propulsion device 4 and the pumping device 5 through the inverter; the power generation device 3 is arranged on the shell 1 and is connected with the storage battery through a rectifier and a voltage stabilizer; the propulsion devices 4 are arranged on the casing 1 and connected with the control module through wires, in this embodiment, two groups of propulsion devices 4 are exemplarily arranged on the casing 1, so that the marine carbon negative emission device in this embodiment has the functions of advancing and steering at sea, and in other embodiments, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the maneuvering performance of the marine carbon negative emission device, the number of the propulsion devices 4 can be increased, which is not repeated herein; the pumping devices 5 are arranged on the casing 1 and connected with the control module by electric wires, in this embodiment, two groups of pumping devices 5 are exemplarily arranged on the casing 1, wherein one group of pumping devices 5 is used for making an ascending flow, and the other group of pumping devices 5 is used for making a descending flow, and in other embodiments, different numbers of pumping devices 5 can be arranged according to actual requirements, and the number of pumping devices 5 is not limited. By arranging the propulsion device 4 on the shell 1, the working range can be effectively enlarged by moving the propulsion device 4 on the sea; secondly, the power generation device 3 is arranged on the shell 1, and the self-sufficiency of electric energy can be realized in an autonomous power generation mode, so that the working efficiency of the device is ensured; by arranging the pumping device 5 on the casing 1, the upflow and the downflow can be manufactured manually, and the ocean carbon sequestration and storage efficiency is effectively improved.|[0047] Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in an embodiment, the pumping device 5 includes: a pump main body 51 and a pipe-collecting motor 54, the pump main body 51 is mounted on the casing 1 by bolts, and a fixed pump pipe 52 and a movable pump pipe 53 are arranged on the pump main body 51; the pipe collecting motor 54 is mounted on the casing 1 through bolts, a pipe collecting wheel 55 is mounted on a driving shaft of the pipe collecting motor 54 through a flange, and the movable pump pipe 53 is wound on the pipe collecting wheel 55. By the cooperation of the pump main body 51, the fixed pump pipe 52 and the movable pump pipe 53, ascending flow or descending flow can be manufactured, seawater with rich nutrition salt at the bottom can be conveyed to a real light layer on the sea surface by manufacturing the ascending flow, the marine ecological environment is improved, mass propagation of phytoplankton and algae is promoted, the carbon fixation amount of a biological pump is improved, the carbon storage efficiency of the micro-biological carbon pump is further improved, and the aim of carbon negative emission is achieved; the flow of the surface sea water to the deep sea water can be accelerated by manufacturing the down flow, the carbon storage rate of the ocean 'dissolving pump' and the sedimentation rate of the granular organic carbon generated by the ocean 'biological pump' to the seabed are improved, and the high-efficiency ocean carbon storage and carbon fixation can be realized by lower cost.|[0048] Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in an embodiment, a weight 56 is provided at an end of the movable pump tube 53 remote from the pump body 51, and a filter 57 is provided at both the orifice of the fixed pump tube 52 and the orifice of the movable pump tube 53. By providing the weight 56 at the end of the movable pump pipe 53 away from the pump body 51, when the movable pump pipe 53 is discharged by the pipe-collecting motor 54, the weight 56 provided on the movable pump pipe 53 can sink the end of the movable pump pipe 53 away from the pump body into the sea by its own weight.|[0049] Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment, the power generation device 3 includes a wind power generation module 31, a solar power generation module 32, and a wave power generation module 33, wherein the wind power generation module 31 includes a wind power generator mounted on a top wall of the cabinet 1 by bolts; the solar power generation module 32 includes a solar panel provided at an outer surface of the casing 1; the wave energy power generation module 33 comprises a tumbler type wave power generator, and the tumbler type wave power generator is arranged in the shell 1; the wind driven generator, the solar panel and the tumbler type sea wave generator are all connected with the storage battery through the rectifier and the voltage stabilizer. Natural energy can be effectively converted into electric energy through the wind power generation module 31, the solar power generation module 32 and the wave power generation module 33, the self-sufficiency of the electric energy of the ocean carbon negative emission device is realized, the environment is not polluted, and the endurance time of the ocean carbon negative emission device is effectively prolonged to ensure the working efficiency; the wind power generator can effectively utilize wind energy in nature, and converts the wind energy into electric energy for the marine carbon negative emission device to use, so that the electric energy can be obtained on the premise of not polluting the environment; because no high-altitude shielding object exists at sea, the solar cell panel is arranged on the shell 1, so that solar energy can be fully collected, and the collected solar energy can be converted into electric energy for the marine carbon negative emission device, and electric energy can be obtained on the premise of not polluting the environment; the tumbler type wave power generator not only can ensure the power generation efficiency, but also has relatively simplified structure compared with the common wave power generator, and reduces the volume of the device, thereby further reducing the manufacturing cost of the ocean carbon negative emission device and improving the environmental adaptability of the ocean carbon negative emission device.|[0050] Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, in an embodiment, the propulsion device 4 includes a propulsion motor 41 and a propulsion impeller 42, the propulsion motor 41 is mounted on the casing 1 by bolts, the propulsion impeller 42 is connected with a driving shaft of the propulsion motor 41 by welding, when the marine carbon negative emission device is located at sea, the propulsion motor 41 and the propulsion impeller 42 are both located below the water surface, in other embodiments, a diverter 43 can be further disposed on the propulsion motor 41 to change the rotation direction of the driving shaft of the propulsion motor 41, and a speed regulator 44 can also be disposed in the propulsion motor 41 to adjust the rotation speed of the propulsion motor 41, and the propulsion impeller 42 can also be fixedly connected with the driving shaft of the propulsion impeller 42 by a bolt flange or the like, which is not described herein. Through setting up propulsion motor 41 and impel impeller 42, through the control of control module to propulsion motor 41, drive impel impeller 42 and rotate when propulsion module operates, can make ocean carbon negative emission device remove on the sea to make ocean carbon negative emission device can work in different positions, make more organic salts transported the upper strata of ocean by the pump line, with play the furthest carbon neutralization.|[0051] Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment, a fixing device 6 is provided on a cabinet 1, the fixing device 6 is provided on the cabinet 1, the fixing device 6 includes an anchor 61 and an anchor 62, the anchor 61 is mounted on the cabinet 1 by bolts, the anchor 62 is connected to the anchor 61 by a cable 63, and an iron chain is exemplarily used as the cable 63 in this embodiment. The fixing device 6 can fix the marine carbon negative emission device in a certain range on the sea surface, so that the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device cannot be kept in a certain range during working is avoided; the anchor 62 can be retracted and extended through the operation of the anchor machine 61, thereby realizing the fixation and movement of the marine carbon negative emission device.|[0052] The principle of the application for realizing carbon negative emission is as follows: the device is driven by clean energy generated by a wind driven generator, a solar panel and a tumbler type sea wave generator to manufacture artificial ascending-descending flow under the action of two pump main bodies 51, combines the artificial ascending-descending flow technology and the ocean carbon fixation and carbon storage ecological effect, ensures that more C02 is fixed and stored by the ocean, realizes ocean gathering and gathering so as to achieve the aim of carbon negative emission, and has the following specific operation principle:|[0053] (1) the device generates artificial downward flow under the action of one pump, accelerates the flow of surface sea water to deep sea water, and improves the carbon storage rate of the ocean 'dissolving pump' and the sedimentation rate of granular organic carbon generated by the ocean 'biological pump' to the bottom of the sea.|[0054] (2) The device generates artificial upflow under the action of another pump, so that the bottom eutrophic salt seawater is conveyed to a real-light layer on the sea surface, the marine ecological environment is improved, mass propagation of phytoplankton and algae is promoted, the carbon fixation amount of a biological pump is improved, the carbon storage efficiency of a micro biological carbon pump is further improved, and the aim of carbon negative emission is fulfilled.|[0055] The application has the following beneficial effects: firstly, by arranging the wind power generation module 31, the solar power generation module 32 and the wave power generation module 33 on the shell 1 respectively, electric energy can be obtained under the condition of no environmental pollution, and self-sufficiency of the electric energy can be realized; secondly, a propulsion device 4 is arranged on the shell 1, and the propulsion device 4 can enable the marine carbon negative emission device to realize the purpose of directional movement under the control of the control module, so that the working range of the marine carbon negative emission device is increased, and the problem that the marine carbon negative emission device floats without purpose under the action of sea waves is avoided; thirdly, the ocean carbon negative emission device can manufacture ascending flow or descending flow through the pumping device 5, carbon fixation amount of the biological pump can be improved through the ascending flow, carbon storage efficiency of the micro biological carbon pump can be further improved, carbon storage rate of the ocean dissolution pump and sedimentation speed of granular organic carbon generated by the ocean biological pump to the sea bottom can be improved through the descending flow, and accordingly the purpose of carbon negative emission is achieved.|[0056] The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the utility model. | Family Number|(105413833)|105413833|Abstract|(CN219237317U U)|The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration , and particularly discloses an ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy , which comprises a casing , a control module and a power supply module are arranged in the casing , and the control module is electrically connected with the power supply module ; the power generation device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module ; the propelling device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the control module ; and the pumping device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the control module . The carbon sequestration device has the advantages of wide working range and low carbon sequestration cost . |Title|(CN219237317U U)|Ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy | | Engines, pumps, turbines|Environmental technology|Transport | Y02E-010/30 | Y02E-010/30 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|B63B-021/50|B63B-035/44|B63H-021/17|F04B-035/04 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|B63B-021/50|B63B-035/44|B63H-021/17|F04B-035/04 | LAPSED | (CN219237317)|LAPSED | DEAD | (CN219237317)|DEAD | (CN219237317)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN219237317|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-02-21|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2023-02-20|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202320265733|Application date=2023-02-20|Standardized application number=2023CN-U265733|Event publication date=2023-06-23|Event code=CN/U|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Registered Utility Model|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN219237317|Publication stage code=U|Publication date=2023-06-23|Standardized publication number=CN219237317U|Event publication date=2023-06-23|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right|Event publication date=2025-02-21|Event code=CN/CF01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=jf59U3ybGzYU6D9PWLFGHqqLeopS8oZMbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000068385932&ekey=1924&xpn=CN219237317U&kind=U | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=XLrLYh9WR9KNlAr1SFoP0rmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN219237317)|CN | (CN219237317)|NAME=GUANGZHOU MARITIME INSTITUTE , COUNTRY=CN | (CN219237317)|NAME=XU YINGWEI;GUANG ZHOU SINO PATENT & TRADEMARK AGENT CO LTD , REG=44100 | (CN219237317)|NAME=LI SHUGUANG|NAME=CENG JIAWEI|NAME=XIE JIALING|NAME=BI QINGYANG|NAME=LEI ZIJUAN|NAME=LOU XIAOMING|NAME=LU FANGZI|NAME=YANG BILIN|NAME=LI WEN|NAME=SHAO XUXU|NAME=DONG ZHEHAO|NAME=HUANG HUIXUAN|NAME=HAN YACHEN|NAME=LIU ZHENG|NAME=TAN HONGXI|NAME=MA YUCHEN|NAME=YE WEIQIANG | Titre: (CN219237317)|Ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy Résumé: (CN219237317)|The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, and particularly discloses an ocean carbon negative emission device based on clean energy, which comprises a casing, a control module and a power supply module are arranged in the casing, and the control module is electrically connected with the power supply module; the power generation device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the power supply module; the propelling device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the control module; and the pumping device is arranged on the machine shell and is electrically connected with the control module. The carbon sequestration device has the advantages of wide working range and low carbon sequestration cost. | 23.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a carbon sequestration device and does not mention ocean fertilization or the stimulation of phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN219237317)|1 | (CN219237317)|9 | (CN219237317)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN219237317)|4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN219237317)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-06-23|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-2502|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12| | (CN219237317)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN219237317U)|Utility model | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 | CN202311633200 | CN202311633200 | CN117627850 | 108715019 | CN117627850 A 2024-03-01 [CN117627850] | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | 2024-03-01 | (CN117627850)|2025-02-18 | (CN117627850)|Wave power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system | (CN117627850)|The invention relates to the technical field of offshore power generation, and particularly discloses a wave power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system which comprises a one-way waste gas inlet pipeline, a one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline, a gas chamber and a microalgae carbon sequestration system. The one-way waste gas inlet pipeline is provided with a first turbine device; the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline is provided with a second turbine device; the air chamber is configured to be partially inserted into seawater, so that a conversion cavity is formed in the air chamber; the microalgae carbon sequestration system is configured to be connected with the tail end of the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline; when a water column in the conversion cavity moves downwards, the conversion cavity is configured to suck waste gas from the one-way waste gas inlet pipeline; when a water column in the conversion cavity moves upwards, the conversion cavity is configured to press waste gas in the conversion cavity into the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline. According to the wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system, renewable energy sources are comprehensively utilized, clean energy and green electric power are provided, and meanwhile carbon emission of an ocean platform can be reduced. | SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY | (CN117627850)|SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY ([CN]) | CHEN WENCHUANG|XU MIAO|TU TONGBI|DU HAOYANG|ZHAO DIHAN|ZENG YUNXIN | (CN117627850)|CHEN WENCHUANG|XU MIAO|TU TONGBI|DU HAOYANG|ZHAO DIHAN|ZENG YUNXIN | (CN117627850)|XIAO XIANGLI;GUANGDONG NORTH AND SOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 44918 | (CN117627850)|1. A system for combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration, comprising: a unidirectional exhaust gas inlet line having a first turbine means for converting kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy; a unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust line having a second turbine device for converting kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy; a gas chamber configured to be partially inserted into seawater so that a conversion chamber is formed inside; and the microalgae carbon fixing system is configured to be connected with the tail end of the unidirectional waste gas exhaust pipeline; the air chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are both communicated with the conversion cavity, the tail end of the one-way exhaust gas inlet pipeline is configured to be connected with the air inlet of the air chamber, and the head end of the one-way exhaust gas outlet pipeline is configured to be connected with the air outlet of the air chamber; when the water column in the conversion cavity moves downwards, the conversion cavity is configured to suck the waste gas from the one-way waste gas inlet pipeline; when the water column in the conversion cavity moves upwards, the conversion cavity is configured to press the waste gas in the conversion cavity into the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline.| | (CN117627850)|The invention relates to the technical field of offshore power generation, and particularly discloses a system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation, which comprises a one-way waste gas inlet pipeline, a one-way waste gas outlet pipeline, an air chamber and a microalgae carbon fixation system; the unidirectional exhaust gas inlet pipeline is provided with a first turbine device; the unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust pipeline is provided with a second turbine device; the air chamber is configured to be partially inserted into the seawater so that a conversion chamber is formed inside; the microalgae carbon fixing system is configured to be connected with the tail end of the unidirectional waste gas exhaust pipeline; when the water column in the conversion cavity moves downwards, the conversion cavity is configured to suck the waste gas from the one-way waste gas inlet pipeline; when the water column in the conversion cavity moves upwards, the conversion cavity is configured to press the waste gas in the conversion cavity into the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline.|The invention relates to the technical field of offshore power generation, in particular to a system combining wave power generation and microalgae carbon fixation.| | (CN117627850)|WAVE ENERGY(100,28)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,21)|CARBON FIXATION(100,19)|MICROALGAE CARBON FIXATION(100,19)|MICROALGAE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,18)|CONVERSION CAVITY(100,17)|STAGE MICROALGAE CULTIVATION BOX(66,14)|PIPELINE(48,9)|TURBINE(46,23)|WASTE GAS INLET PIPELINE(44,5)|OFF SHORE POWER GENERATION(41,2)|EXHAUST GAS INLET PIPELINE(39,5)|MICROALGAE CARBON FIXING(39,5)|UNIDIRECTIONAL WASTE GAS(38,3)|CONVERTING KINETIC ENERGY(33,3)|SEAWATER(31,4)|CONVERSION CHAMBER(29,6)|PRIMARY MICROALGAE CULTIVATION BOX(29,2)|OCEAN PLATFORM CARBON EMISSION(29,1)|WASTE GAS(27,9)|SEA PLATFORM(26,9)|WASTE GAS OUTLET PIPELINE(25,2)|EXHAUST GAS OUTLET PIPELINE(24,2)|AIR INLET(22,13)|TUBULAR HOUSING(22,12)|UNIDIRECTIONAL EXHAUST GAS(21,4)|LEVEL MICROALGAE CULTIVATION BOX(21,2)|HUB(19,17)|ELECTRICAL ENERGY(19,6)|FAIRING(17,6)|TUBULAR SHELL(17,3)|POD(16,8)|WATER COLUMN(16,8)|GUIDE COVER(16,7)|EXHAUST GAS(14,9)|GUIDE VANE(14,9)|AIR CHAMBER(13,23)|AIR OUTLET(13,12)|FOUR STAGE MICROALGAE(13,4)|GREEN ELECTRICAL POWER(13,1)|MOVING BLADE(12,5)|EXHAUST GAS INLET(11,7)|MARINE MICROALGAE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(10,2)|UNIDIRECTIONAL TURBINE(9,2)|INPUT SHAFT(8,5)|ROTOR BLADE(8,4)|GAS CHAMBER(8,2)|TAIL END(7,5)|AIR INLET PIPE(7,3)|CONSTRUCTING ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION(7,1)|CLEAN ENERGY(6,2)|UNIDIRECTIONAL VALVE(6,2)|TEE(5,4)|TRANSFER CHAMBER(5,4)|BIDIRECTIONAL TURBINE ENERGY LOSS(5,1)|RELIEVING EMISSION(5,1)|AIR CHAMBER MEMBER(4,2)|BIODIESEL(4,2)|EXHAUST GAS INTAKE CONDUIT(4,2)|FACILITY(4,2)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(4,2)|SERVICE LIFE(4,2)|WAVE POWER GENERATION(4,2)|INEXHAUSTIBLE ENERGY(4,1)|MARINE PLATFORM CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|CENTRAL AXIS(3,6)|CHECK VALVE(3,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION(3,2)|CLEAN RENEWABLE WAVE ENERGY(3,1)|PNEUMATIC ENERGY LOSS(3,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL EXHAUST GAS DISCHARGE(3,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL EXHAUST GAS INTAKE(3,1)| | (CN117627850)|1. A system for combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration, comprising:|a unidirectional exhaust gas inlet line having a first turbine means for converting kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy;|a unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust line having a second turbine device for converting kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy;|a gas chamber configured to be partially inserted into seawater so that a conversion chamber is formed inside; and|the microalgae carbon fixing system is configured to be connected with the tail end of the unidirectional waste gas exhaust pipeline;|the air chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are both communicated with the conversion cavity, the tail end of the one-way exhaust gas inlet pipeline is configured to be connected with the air inlet of the air chamber, and the head end of the one-way exhaust gas outlet pipeline is configured to be connected with the air outlet of the air chamber;|when the water column in the conversion cavity moves downwards, the conversion cavity is configured to suck the waste gas from the one-way waste gas inlet pipeline;|when the water column in the conversion cavity moves upwards, the conversion cavity is configured to press the waste gas in the conversion cavity into the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline.|2. The system for combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon fixation according to claim 1, wherein the microalgae carbon fixation system is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the air chamber member.|3. The system for combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon fixation according to claim 2, wherein the microalgae carbon fixation system comprises:|a first-stage microalgae cultivation box;|a secondary microalgae cultivation box;|a third-level microalgae cultivation box; and|a four-stage microalgae cultivation box;|the first-stage microalgae cultivation box, the second-stage microalgae cultivation box, the third-stage microalgae cultivation box and the fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box are sequentially connected;|an exhaust gas inlet is arranged on the primary microalgae cultivation box;|and an air outlet is arranged on the four-stage microalgae cultivation box.|4. A system for combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration according to claim 3, wherein the first turbine means and the second turbine means each comprise:|a tubular housing;|a guide cover fixedly arranged in the tubular shell;|a generator configured to be fixedly connected with the pod;|a hub disposed laterally of the pod;|a rotor blade fixedly disposed on the hub; and|the guide vane is configured that one end is fixedly connected with the guide cover;|the input shaft of the generator is fixedly connected with the hub.|5. The system of claim 4, wherein two of said fairings are configured and said hub is positioned between two of said fairings.|6. The system of claim 5, wherein the other end of the guide vane is configured to be fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tubular housing.|7. The system for combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon fixation according to claim 1, wherein the one-way exhaust gas inlet pipeline is further provided with an air inlet pipe and a first one-way valve.|8. The system for combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon fixation according to claim 1, wherein the one-way exhaust gas exhaust pipeline is further provided with an exhaust pipe and a second one-way valve.|9. The system of claim 4, wherein the central axes of the guide cover, the generator, the hub, the moving blades and the guide vanes are coincident with the central axis of the tubular housing. | (CN117627850)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of offshore power generation, in particular to a system combining wave power generation and microalgae carbon fixation.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The carbon dioxide trapping and sealing technology is an important greenhouse gas emission reduction technology, and is an important technology for constructing ecological civilization and realizing sustainable development. There are various carbon capture methods such as chemical absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, microalgae carbon sequestration, etc.|[0003] The wave energy conversion technology and the ocean carbon dioxide conversion technology are combined in the ocean platform, so that the emission of carbon dioxide and the electric power cost can be obviously reduced, waves near the ocean platform can be reduced, the stability of the ocean platform is improved, and the service life is prolonged. With increasing importance on carbon emission, the method for relieving the emission of a large amount of carbon dioxide brought by the prior large-scale offshore equipment when various activities are carried out is an effective and significant measure by utilizing clean and renewable wave energy.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon fixation. The marine microalgae carbon sequestration system can provide clean energy and green electric power by using marine wave energy, can reduce carbon emission of the marine platform, and can provide biodiesel for nearby offshore oil drilling platforms and other facilities by using the biological microalgae carbon sequestration system, so that the marine microalgae carbon sequestration system has very wide application prospect and development space. In addition, aiming at the problems that the installed capacity of a single wave energy power generation device is low and the pneumatic energy loss of the traditional bidirectional turbine is large in the operation process, the installed capacity is increased through the design of a plurality of air chambers, and the arrangement scheme that the unidirectional turbines are distributed in the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel is adopted, so that the energy loss is reduced and the power generation efficiency is improved.|[0005] In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0006] a system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation comprises a one-way waste gas inlet pipeline, a one-way waste gas outlet pipeline, an air chamber and a microalgae carbon fixation system.|[0007] The unidirectional exhaust gas intake line has a first turbine device for converting kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy.|[0008] The unidirectional exhaust gas discharge line has a second turbine device for converting the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy.|[0009] The air chamber is configured to be partially inserted into the seawater such that a conversion chamber is formed therein.|[0010] The microalgae carbon fixing system is configured to be connected with the tail end of the unidirectional waste gas exhaust pipeline.|[0011] The air chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are both communicated with the conversion cavity, the tail end of the one-way exhaust gas inlet pipeline is configured to be connected with the air inlet of the air chamber, and the head end of the one-way exhaust gas outlet pipeline is configured to be connected with the air outlet of the air chamber.|[0012] When the water column in the conversion cavity moves downwards, the conversion cavity is configured to suck the waste gas from the one-way waste gas inlet pipeline.|[0013] When the water column in the conversion cavity moves upwards, the conversion cavity is configured to press the waste gas in the conversion cavity into the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline.|[0014] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the microalgae carbon sequestration system is fixedly configured on the top surface of the air chamber member.|[0015] In the system for combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the microalgae carbon sequestration system includes: first-stage microalgae cultivation box, second-stage microalgae cultivation box, third-stage microalgae cultivation box and fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box.|[0016] The first-stage microalgae cultivation box, the second-stage microalgae cultivation box, the third-stage microalgae cultivation box and the fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box are sequentially connected.|[0017] An exhaust gas inlet is arranged on the primary microalgae cultivation box; and an air outlet is arranged on the four-stage microalgae cultivation box.|[0018] In the system for combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first turbine device and the second turbine device each include: the wind turbine comprises a tubular shell, a guide cover, a generator, a hub, moving blades and guide vanes.|[0019] The air guide sleeve is fixedly arranged in the tubular shell; the generator is configured to be fixedly connected with the air guide sleeve; the hub is arranged at the side of the air guide sleeve; the rotor blade is fixedly arranged on the hub; the guide vane is configured with one end fixedly connected with the guide cover.|[0020] The input shaft of the generator is fixedly connected with the hub.|[0021] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, two fairings are configured, and the hub is located between the two fairings.|[0022] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the other end of the guide vane is configured to be fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tubular housing.|[0023] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided by at least one embodiment of the disclosure, the unidirectional exhaust gas inlet pipeline is further provided with an air inlet pipe and a first unidirectional valve.|[0024] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided by at least one embodiment of the disclosure, the unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust pipeline is further provided with an exhaust pipe and a second unidirectional valve.|[0025] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, central axes of the guide cover, the generator, the hub, the moving blade and the guide vane all coincide with central axes of the tubular housing.|[0026] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0027] the wave energy distributed around the ocean platform is utilized to provide electric power for the ocean platform and the microalgae carbon fixation system, and biodiesel generated by microalgae can be used for nearby offshore oil drilling platforms and other facilities, so that the energy crisis is relieved to a certain extent, on one hand, the carbon emission and the operation cost in the operation process of the ocean platform are reduced, and on the other hand, waves nearby the ocean platform are reduced, so that the stability of the ocean platform is improved, and the service life is prolonged. The installed capacity of the generator is increased through the design of a plurality of air chamber components, and the arrangement scheme that the unidirectional turbines are distributed in the air inlet and outlet channels is adopted, so that the energy loss of the traditional bidirectional turbines is reduced, and the power generation efficiency is improved.|[0028] Clean renewable wave energy can be combined with carbon dioxide conversion technology. The wave energy is used as a clean and renewable energy source, does not generate pollutants when in use, and has the characteristics of high energy density, wide distribution, easy direct utilization, inexhaustible energy and the like. The extraction of wave energy as a driving force for carbon dioxide conversion is advantageous for reducing carbon emissions and carbon sequestration costs.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0030] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 1.|[0031] Fig. 2 is a view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 1.|[0032] Fig. 3 is an enlarged view at a in fig. 1.|[0033] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the first turbine unit.|[0034] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the first turbine unit.|[0035] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of moving blades and vanes.|[0036] Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a microalgae carbon fixing system.|[0037] Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 1.|[0038] Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 2.|[0039] Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the air chamber of the conversion chamber in example 2.|[0040] Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 3.|[0041] In the figure:|[0042] 10. a unidirectional exhaust gas inlet line; 11. a first turbine device; 12. an air inlet pipe; 111. a tubular housing; 112. a guide cover; 113. a generator; 114. a hub; 115. a rotor blade; 116. a guide vane; 117. a support rod; 118. a support frame; 119. a bearing;|[0043] 20. a unidirectional exhaust gas discharge line; 21. a second turbine assembly; 22. an exhaust pipe is arranged;|[0044] 30. a gas chamber; 31. a switching chamber; 32. an air inlet; 33. an exhaust port;|[0045] 40. microalgae carbon fixation system; 41. a first-stage microalgae cultivation box; 42. a secondary microalgae cultivation box; 43. a third-level microalgae cultivation box; 44. a four-stage microalgae cultivation box; 411. an exhaust gas inlet port; 45. a connecting pipe;|[0046] 50. a four-way pipe.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments, not all embodiments.|[0048] Example 1|[0049] As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a system for combining wave power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration comprises a unidirectional exhaust gas intake pipe 10, a unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust pipe 20, an air chamber 30 and a microalgae carbon sequestration system 40.|[0050] Further, two air cells 30 are provided, and both air cells are provided in a cylindrical shape.|[0051] Further, the unidirectional exhaust gas intake conduit 10 has a first turbine device 11, the first turbine device 11 being adapted to convert kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy.|[0052] Further, the unidirectional exhaust gas discharge line 20 has a second turbine device 21, the second turbine device 21 being adapted to convert the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy.|[0053] Further, the air chamber 30 is configured to be partially inserted into the seawater such that a conversion chamber 31 is formed inside the air chamber 30.|[0054] Specifically, the microalgae carbon fixing system 40 is configured to be connected with the end of the unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust pipe 20. The air chamber 30 has an air inlet 32 and an air outlet 33, both of the air inlet 32 and the air outlet 33 being in communication with the conversion chamber 31, the end of the one-way exhaust gas intake pipe 10 being configured to be connected with the air inlet 32 of the air chamber 30, and the head end of the one-way exhaust gas exhaust pipe 20 being configured to be connected with the air outlet 33 of the air chamber 30.|[0055] In use, the transfer chamber 31 is configured to draw exhaust from the unidirectional exhaust gas intake conduit 10 as the water column within the transfer chamber 31 moves downwardly.|[0056] In use, the transfer chamber 31 is configured to force exhaust gas from its interior into the unidirectional exhaust gas discharge conduit 20 as the water column within the transfer chamber 31 moves upwardly.|[0057] In this embodiment, the microalgae carbon fixing system 40 is fixedly disposed on the top surface of the member of the air chamber 30.|[0058] In this embodiment, the microalgae carbon fixing system 40 includes a primary microalgae cultivation box 41, a secondary microalgae cultivation box 42, a tertiary microalgae cultivation box 43 and a quaternary microalgae cultivation box 44.|[0059] The first-stage microalgae cultivation box 41, the second-stage microalgae cultivation box 42, the third-stage microalgae cultivation box 43 and the fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box 44 are sequentially connected by adopting an S-shaped connecting pipe 45.|[0060] An exhaust gas inlet 411 is formed in the first-stage microalgae cultivation box 41, and the exhaust gas inlet 411 is communicated with the second turbine device 21; the fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box 44 is provided with an air outlet (not shown).|[0061] In the present embodiment, each of the first turbine device 11 and the second turbine device 21 includes a tubular casing 111, a nacelle 112, a generator 113, a hub 114, rotor blades 115, and guide vanes 116.|[0062] Specifically, the pod 112 is fixedly disposed within the tubular housing 111; the generator 113 is configured to be fixedly connected with the pod 112; the hub 114 is disposed laterally of the pod 112; the rotor blade 115 is fixedly disposed on the hub 114; the vane 116 is configured with one end fixedly coupled to the pod 112.|[0063] Specifically, the input shaft of the generator 113 is fixedly connected to the hub 114.|[0064] Specifically, two fairings 112 are provided, and a hub 114 is located between the two fairings 112.|[0065] Specifically, the other end of the vane 116 is configured to be fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tubular housing 111.|[0066] Specifically, the central axes of the guide cover 112, the generator 113, the hub 114, the moving blades 115 and the guide vanes all coincide with the central axis of the tubular housing 111|[0067] Illustratively, a support rod 117 is disposed within the tubular housing 111, and two ends of the support rod 117 are respectively fixed to the tubular housing 111 and the pod 112, and the pod 112 is fixedly suspended within the tubular housing 111 by the support rod. The supporting frame 118 is arranged in the air guide sleeve 112, a bearing 119 matched with the input shaft of the generator is arranged on the supporting frame 118, and the input shaft of the generator 113 is inserted into the inner ring of the bearing.|[0068] In the present embodiment, the one-way exhaust gas intake pipe 10 further has an intake pipe 12 and a first one-way valve (not shown). By providing the first check valve, the gas is prevented from flowing backwards, thereby ensuring that the gas always flows in one direction through the first turbine device 11 during the inlet and outlet processes.|[0069] Illustratively, the air inlets 32 of the two air chambers 30 are connected in sequence with a first check valve 13 and a first tee through which the two air chambers are connected to the first turbine device 11.|[0070] In the present embodiment, the one-way exhaust gas discharge pipe 20 further has a discharge pipe 22 and a second one-way valve 23. The second check valve prevents the reverse flow of gas, thereby ensuring that the gas always flows in one direction through the second turbine device 21 during the gas inlet and outlet processes.|[0071] Illustratively, the exhaust ports 33 of the two air chambers 30 are connected in sequence to a second check valve 23 and a second tee, the two air chambers being connected to the second turbine 21 by a first tee.|[0072] Example 2|[0073] As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the present embodiment provides a system for combining wave power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration, which is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: the air chamber 30 has a rectangular structure, and the conversion chamber 31 is L-shaped.|[0074] Example 3|[0075] As shown in fig. 11, this embodiment provides a system for combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration, which is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that: the air cells 30 are configured with three.|[0076] The air chamber 30 is illustratively provided with two tees 50 for intake and exhaust, one of which is connected to the first turbine unit 11 and the other of which is connected to the second turbine unit 21.|[0077] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that do not undergo the inventive effort are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention; no element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. | (CN117627850)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of offshore power generation, in particular to a system combining wave power generation and microalgae carbon fixation.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The carbon dioxide trapping and sealing technology is an important greenhouse gas emission reduction technology, and is an important technology for constructing ecological civilization and realizing sustainable development. There are various carbon capture methods such as chemical absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, microalgae carbon sequestration, etc.|[0003] The wave energy conversion technology and the ocean carbon dioxide conversion technology are combined in the ocean platform, so that the emission of carbon dioxide and the electric power cost can be obviously reduced, waves near the ocean platform can be reduced, the stability of the ocean platform is improved, and the service life is prolonged. With increasing importance on carbon emission, the method for relieving the emission of a large amount of carbon dioxide brought by the prior large-scale offshore equipment when various activities are carried out is an effective and significant measure by utilizing clean and renewable wave energy.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon fixation. The marine microalgae carbon sequestration system can provide clean energy and green electric power by using marine wave energy, can reduce carbon emission of the marine platform, and can provide biodiesel for nearby offshore oil drilling platforms and other facilities by using the biological microalgae carbon sequestration system, so that the marine microalgae carbon sequestration system has very wide application prospect and development space. In addition, aiming at the problems that the installed capacity of a single wave energy power generation device is low and the pneumatic energy loss of the traditional bidirectional turbine is large in the operation process, the installed capacity is increased through the design of a plurality of air chambers, and the arrangement scheme that the unidirectional turbines are distributed in the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel is adopted, so that the energy loss is reduced and the power generation efficiency is improved.|[0005] In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0006] a system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation comprises a one-way waste gas inlet pipeline, a one-way waste gas outlet pipeline, an air chamber and a microalgae carbon fixation system.|[0007] The unidirectional exhaust gas intake line has a first turbine device for converting kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy.|[0008] The unidirectional exhaust gas discharge line has a second turbine device for converting the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy.|[0009] The air chamber is configured to be partially inserted into the seawater such that a conversion chamber is formed therein.|[0010] The microalgae carbon fixing system is configured to be connected with the tail end of the unidirectional waste gas exhaust pipeline.|[0011] The air chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are both communicated with the conversion cavity, the tail end of the one-way exhaust gas inlet pipeline is configured to be connected with the air inlet of the air chamber, and the head end of the one-way exhaust gas outlet pipeline is configured to be connected with the air outlet of the air chamber.|[0012] When the water column in the conversion cavity moves downwards, the conversion cavity is configured to suck the waste gas from the one-way waste gas inlet pipeline.|[0013] When the water column in the conversion cavity moves upwards, the conversion cavity is configured to press the waste gas in the conversion cavity into the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline.|[0014] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the microalgae carbon sequestration system is fixedly configured on the top surface of the air chamber member.|[0015] In the system for combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the microalgae carbon sequestration system includes: first-stage microalgae cultivation box, second-stage microalgae cultivation box, third-stage microalgae cultivation box and fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box.|[0016] The first-stage microalgae cultivation box, the second-stage microalgae cultivation box, the third-stage microalgae cultivation box and the fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box are sequentially connected.|[0017] An exhaust gas inlet is arranged on the primary microalgae cultivation box; and an air outlet is arranged on the four-stage microalgae cultivation box.|[0018] In the system for combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first turbine device and the second turbine device each include: the wind turbine comprises a tubular shell, a guide cover, a generator, a hub, moving blades and guide vanes.|[0019] The air guide sleeve is fixedly arranged in the tubular shell; the generator is configured to be fixedly connected with the air guide sleeve; the hub is arranged at the side of the air guide sleeve; the rotor blade is fixedly arranged on the hub; the guide vane is configured with one end fixedly connected with the guide cover.|[0020] The input shaft of the generator is fixedly connected with the hub.|[0021] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, two fairings are configured, and the hub is located between the two fairings.|[0022] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the other end of the guide vane is configured to be fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tubular housing.|[0023] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided by at least one embodiment of the disclosure, the unidirectional exhaust gas inlet pipeline is further provided with an air inlet pipe and a first unidirectional valve.|[0024] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration provided by at least one embodiment of the disclosure, the unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust pipeline is further provided with an exhaust pipe and a second unidirectional valve.|[0025] In the system combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon fixation provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, central axes of the guide cover, the generator, the hub, the moving blade and the guide vane all coincide with central axes of the tubular housing.|[0026] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0027] the wave energy distributed around the ocean platform is utilized to provide electric power for the ocean platform and the microalgae carbon fixation system, and biodiesel generated by microalgae can be used for nearby offshore oil drilling platforms and other facilities, so that the energy crisis is relieved to a certain extent, on one hand, the carbon emission and the operation cost in the operation process of the ocean platform are reduced, and on the other hand, waves nearby the ocean platform are reduced, so that the stability of the ocean platform is improved, and the service life is prolonged. The installed capacity of the generator is increased through the design of a plurality of air chamber components, and the arrangement scheme that the unidirectional turbines are distributed in the air inlet and outlet channels is adopted, so that the energy loss of the traditional bidirectional turbines is reduced, and the power generation efficiency is improved.|[0028] Clean renewable wave energy can be combined with carbon dioxide conversion technology. The wave energy is used as a clean and renewable energy source, does not generate pollutants when in use, and has the characteristics of high energy density, wide distribution, easy direct utilization, inexhaustible energy and the like. The extraction of wave energy as a driving force for carbon dioxide conversion is advantageous for reducing carbon emissions and carbon sequestration costs.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0030] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 1.|[0031] Fig. 2 is a view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 1.|[0032] Fig. 3 is an enlarged view at a in fig. 1.|[0033] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the first turbine unit.|[0034] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the first turbine unit.|[0035] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of moving blades and vanes.|[0036] Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a microalgae carbon fixing system.|[0037] Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 1.|[0038] Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 2.|[0039] Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the air chamber of the conversion chamber in example 2.|[0040] Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a system combining wave energy power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration in example 3.|[0041] In the figure:|[0042] 10. a unidirectional exhaust gas inlet line; 11. a first turbine device; 12. an air inlet pipe; 111. a tubular housing; 112. a guide cover; 113. a generator; 114. a hub; 115. a rotor blade; 116. a guide vane; 117. a support rod; 118. a support frame; 119. a bearing;|[0043] 20. a unidirectional exhaust gas discharge line; 21. a second turbine assembly; 22. an exhaust pipe is arranged;|[0044] 30. a gas chamber; 31. a switching chamber; 32. an air inlet; 33. an exhaust port;|[0045] 40. microalgae carbon fixation system; 41. a first-stage microalgae cultivation box; 42. a secondary microalgae cultivation box; 43. a third-level microalgae cultivation box; 44. a four-stage microalgae cultivation box; 411. an exhaust gas inlet port; 45. a connecting pipe;|[0046] 50. a four-way pipe.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments, not all embodiments.|[0048] Example 1|[0049] As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a system for combining wave power generation with microalgae carbon sequestration comprises a unidirectional exhaust gas intake pipe 10, a unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust pipe 20, an air chamber 30 and a microalgae carbon sequestration system 40.|[0050] Further, two air cells 30 are provided, and both air cells are provided in a cylindrical shape.|[0051] Further, the unidirectional exhaust gas intake conduit 10 has a first turbine device 11, the first turbine device 11 being adapted to convert kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy.|[0052] Further, the unidirectional exhaust gas discharge line 20 has a second turbine device 21, the second turbine device 21 being adapted to convert the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy.|[0053] Further, the air chamber 30 is configured to be partially inserted into the seawater such that a conversion chamber 31 is formed inside the air chamber 30.|[0054] Specifically, the microalgae carbon fixing system 40 is configured to be connected with the end of the unidirectional exhaust gas exhaust pipe 20. The air chamber 30 has an air inlet 32 and an air outlet 33, both of the air inlet 32 and the air outlet 33 being in communication with the conversion chamber 31, the end of the one-way exhaust gas intake pipe 10 being configured to be connected with the air inlet 32 of the air chamber 30, and the head end of the one-way exhaust gas exhaust pipe 20 being configured to be connected with the air outlet 33 of the air chamber 30.|[0055] In use, the transfer chamber 31 is configured to draw exhaust from the unidirectional exhaust gas intake conduit 10 as the water column within the transfer chamber 31 moves downwardly.|[0056] In use, the transfer chamber 31 is configured to force exhaust gas from its interior into the unidirectional exhaust gas discharge conduit 20 as the water column within the transfer chamber 31 moves upwardly.|[0057] In this embodiment, the microalgae carbon fixing system 40 is fixedly disposed on the top surface of the member of the air chamber 30.|[0058] In this embodiment, the microalgae carbon fixing system 40 includes a primary microalgae cultivation box 41, a secondary microalgae cultivation box 42, a tertiary microalgae cultivation box 43 and a quaternary microalgae cultivation box 44.|[0059] The first-stage microalgae cultivation box 41, the second-stage microalgae cultivation box 42, the third-stage microalgae cultivation box 43 and the fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box 44 are sequentially connected by adopting an S-shaped connecting pipe 45.|[0060] An exhaust gas inlet 411 is formed in the first-stage microalgae cultivation box 41, and the exhaust gas inlet 411 is communicated with the second turbine device 21; the fourth-stage microalgae cultivation box 44 is provided with an air outlet (not shown).|[0061] In the present embodiment, each of the first turbine device 11 and the second turbine device 21 includes a tubular casing 111, a nacelle 112, a generator 113, a hub 114, rotor blades 115, and guide vanes 116.|[0062] Specifically, the pod 112 is fixedly disposed within the tubular housing 111; the generator 113 is configured to be fixedly connected with the pod 112; the hub 114 is disposed laterally of the pod 112; the rotor blade 115 is fixedly disposed on the hub 114; the vane 116 is configured with one end fixedly coupled to the pod 112.|[0063] Specifically, the input shaft of the generator 113 is fixedly connected to the hub 114.|[0064] Specifically, two fairings 112 are provided, and a hub 114 is located between the two fairings 112.|[0065] Specifically, the other end of the vane 116 is configured to be fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tubular housing 111.|[0066] Specifically, the central axes of the guide cover 112, the generator 113, the hub 114, the moving blades 115 and the guide vanes all coincide with the central axis of the tubular housing 111|[0067] Illustratively, a support rod 117 is disposed within the tubular housing 111, and two ends of the support rod 117 are respectively fixed to the tubular housing 111 and the pod 112, and the pod 112 is fixedly suspended within the tubular housing 111 by the support rod. The supporting frame 118 is arranged in the air guide sleeve 112, a bearing 119 matched with the input shaft of the generator is arranged on the supporting frame 118, and the input shaft of the generator 113 is inserted into the inner ring of the bearing.|[0068] In the present embodiment, the one-way exhaust gas intake pipe 10 further has an intake pipe 12 and a first one-way valve (not shown). By providing the first check valve, the gas is prevented from flowing backwards, thereby ensuring that the gas always flows in one direction through the first turbine device 11 during the inlet and outlet processes.|[0069] Illustratively, the air inlets 32 of the two air chambers 30 are connected in sequence with a first check valve 13 and a first tee through which the two air chambers are connected to the first turbine device 11.|[0070] In the present embodiment, the one-way exhaust gas discharge pipe 20 further has a discharge pipe 22 and a second one-way valve 23. The second check valve prevents the reverse flow of gas, thereby ensuring that the gas always flows in one direction through the second turbine device 21 during the gas inlet and outlet processes.|[0071] Illustratively, the exhaust ports 33 of the two air chambers 30 are connected in sequence to a second check valve 23 and a second tee, the two air chambers being connected to the second turbine 21 by a first tee.|[0072] Example 2|[0073] As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the present embodiment provides a system for combining wave power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration, which is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: the air chamber 30 has a rectangular structure, and the conversion chamber 31 is L-shaped.|[0074] Example 3|[0075] As shown in fig. 11, this embodiment provides a system for combining wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration, which is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that: the air cells 30 are configured with three.|[0076] The air chamber 30 is illustratively provided with two tees 50 for intake and exhaust, one of which is connected to the first turbine unit 11 and the other of which is connected to the second turbine unit 21.|[0077] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that do not undergo the inventive effort are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention; no element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. | Family Number|(108715019)|108715019|Abstract|(CN117627850 A)|The invention relates to the technical field of offshore power generation , and particularly discloses a wave power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system which comprises a one - way waste gas inlet pipeline , a one - way waste gas exhaust pipeline , a gas chamber and a microalgae carbon sequestration system . The one - way waste gas inlet pipeline is provided with a first turbine device ; the one - way waste gas exhaust pipeline is provided with a second turbine device ; the air chamber is configured to be partially inserted into seawater , so that a conversion cavity is formed in the air chamber ; the microalgae carbon sequestration system is configured to be connected with the tail end of the one - way waste gas exhaust pipeline ; when a water column in the conversion cavity moves downwards , the conversion cavity is configured to suck waste gas from the one - way waste gas inlet pipeline ; when a water column in the conversion cavity moves upwards , the conversion cavity is configured to press waste gas in the conversion cavity into the one - way waste gas exhaust pipeline . According to the wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system , renewable energy sources are comprehensively utilized , clean energy and green electric power are provided , and meanwhile carbon emission of an ocean platform can be reduced . |Title|(CN117627850 A)|Wave power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system | | Biotechnology|Engines, pumps, turbines|Environmental technology | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|B01D-2257/504|C12M-029/06|C12M-043/02|C12M-043/08|C12R-2001/89|F01D-015/10|F01K-025/14|F03B-013/24 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|B01D-2257/504|C12M-029/06|C12M-043/02|C12M-043/08|C12R-2001/89|F01D-015/10|F01K-025/14|F03B-013/24 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|C12M-001/00|C12M-001/04|C12R-001/89|F01D-015/10|F01K-025/14|F03B-013/24 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/84|C12M-001/00|C12M-001/04|C12R-001/89|F01D-015/10|F01K-025/14|F03B-013/24 | CN119532096 | CN119532096 113564929 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN108048299|CN201679619U|CN116357503|CN218325082U|US20190353139|WO201351749|US20110225965 | CN108048299 79773863 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN201679619U 8883381 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN116357503 105574041 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN218325082U 103472342 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20190353139 86690745 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO201351749 44925863 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20110225965 1873403 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN201679619U; US20110225965; WO201351749; CN108048299; US20190353139; CN218325082U; CN116357503 | REVOKED | (CN117627850)|REVOKED | DEAD | (CN117627850)|DEAD | (CN117627850)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN117627850|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-02-18|Legal state=DEAD|Status=REVOKED|Event publication date=2023-11-30|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202311633200|Application date=2023-11-30|Standardized application number=2023CN-1633200|Event publication date=2024-03-01|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN117627850|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-03-01|Standardized publication number=CN117627850|Event publication date=2024-03-01|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-03-19|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-02-18|Event code=CN/RJ01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Rejection of an application after its publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoRBnlHrg4KDklfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000071690221&ekey=1939&xpn=CN117627850&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=r9W8BFlRSVg0ITF9JMq33pNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN117627850)|CN | (CN117627850)|NAME=SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN117627850)|NAME=XIAO XIANGLI;GUANGDONG NORTH AND SOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=44918 | (CN117627850)|NAME=CHEN WENCHUANG|NAME=XU MIAO|NAME=TU TONGBI|NAME=DU HAOYANG|NAME=ZHAO DIHAN|NAME=ZENG YUNXIN | Titre: (CN117627850)|Wave power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system Résumé: (CN117627850)|The invention relates to the technical field of offshore power generation, and particularly discloses a wave power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system which comprises a one-way waste gas inlet pipeline, a one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline, a gas chamber and a microalgae carbon sequestration system. The one-way waste gas inlet pipeline is provided with a first turbine device; the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline is provided with a second turbine device; the air chamber is configured to be partially inserted into seawater, so that a conversion cavity is formed in the air chamber; the microalgae carbon sequestration system is configured to be connected with the tail end of the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline; when a water column in the conversion cavity moves downwards, the conversion cavity is configured to suck waste gas from the one-way waste gas inlet pipeline; when a water column in the conversion cavity moves upwards, the conversion cavity is configured to press waste gas in the conversion cavity into the one-way waste gas exhaust pipeline. According to the wave energy power generation and microalgae carbon sequestration combined system, renewable energy sources are comprehensively utilized, clean energy and green electric power are provided, and meanwhile carbon emission of an ocean platform can be reduced. | 22.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses a system for carbon sequestration using microalgae in conjunction with wave power generation, but it does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment aimed at enhancing phytoplankton growth for CO₂ uptake. | 7.0 | 1.0 | (CN117627850)|1 | (CN117627850)|8 | (CN117627850)|9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN117627850)|11 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN117627850)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-03-01|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-0902|Number of Pages: NPAGES=15| | (CN117627850)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN117627850)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32 | CN202222569012U | CN202222569012U | CN219330430 | 105721025 | CN219330430 U 2023-07-14 [CN219330430U] | 2022-09-27 | 2022-09-27 | 2023-07-14 | (CN219330430U)|2023-07-14 | (CN219330430)|2032-09-27 | (CN219330430)|Shell carbon sequestration fish reef | (CN219330430)|The utility model provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef, which relates to the technical field of fish reefs, and comprises a bottom frame, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage, the shell net cage is connected with the underframe; and the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe. According to the shell carbon sequestration fish reef, the bottom frame is supported through the shell net cage, so that the structural stability is improved, the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can also be lifted out of the water surface, the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be built, fishery development is promoted, urban shell garbage can be utilized, and environmental protection is achieved. The carbon resource circulation of land and ocean is promoted, the affinity with the ocean is improved, and a better carbon sequestration effect can be obtained. | QINGDAO SHELL MUSEUM | (CN219330430)|QINGDAO SHELL MUSEUM ([CN]) | GENG BING | (CN219330430)|GENG BING | (CN219330430)|LIU WENQIANG;CHOFN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY|Reg. Nb: 11463 | (CN219330430)|The waste shell inorganic matters recovered by filling garbage in the shell net cage 200 can reduce the construction cost of the artificial fish reef, and has the following advantages: the source is wide, the method is easy to obtain, and the construction investment is low; (2) Has good biological affinity, and can not release alkaline substances; (3) The surface structure is complex, the roughness is high, a good adhesion base can be provided for the attached organisms, and the carbon fixation energy is fully exerted.| | (CN219330430)|1. A shell carbon sequestration fish reef comprising: the device comprises a chassis (100), a shell net cage (200) and a fishing net cage (300); the shell net cage (200) is connected with the underframe (100); the fishing net cage (300) is embedded above the underframe (100); the chassis (100) comprises: a first ring (110) and a second ring (120); the first annular piece (110) is coaxial with the second annular piece (120) and is arranged at intervals; a plurality of shell nettings (200) are connected between the first annular piece (110) and the second annular piece (120), and the shell nettings (200) are arranged along the circumference of the first annular piece (110) at intervals.| | (CN219330430)|In a first aspect, the utility model provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef comprising: the device comprises a bottom frame, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage;|With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the chassis includes: a first ring member and a second ring member;|With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a guide rope is connected between the chassis and the fishing net cage.| | (CN219330430)|REEF(100,22)|FISHING NET CAGE(100,18)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,9)|SHELL CARBON FIXING(100,8)|SHELL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,7)|SHELL NET CAGE(98,10)|ANNULAR PIECE(57,10)|SHELL NETTING(51,13)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF(51,4)|UNIDIRECTIONAL NET DOOR(45,6)|UNDERFRAME(40,10)|CHASSIS(39,16)|GUIDE ROPE(38,4)|ALKALINE SUBSTANCE(33,1)|LAND CARBON RESOURCE CIRCULATION(32,3)|FISHERY DEVELOPMENT(28,2)|CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT(28,1)|SHELL STABILIZED REEF(28,1)|INORGANIC MATTER(26,1)|ANNULAR MEMBER(24,6)|SHELL NET(21,7)|ADHESION BASE(19,1)|BOTTOM FRAME(18,3)|ORGANISM(18,3)|GROWTH ENVIRONMENT(18,2)|CARBON FIXATION ENERGY(18,1)|DIPHENYLMETHANE(16,1)|FISHING NET(15,28)|RING MEMBER(15,26)|SHELL CARBON FIXING REEF(15,1)|MARINE ORGANISM(13,6)|CARBON FIXATION(11,2)|OFFSHORE FISHERY RESOURCE(11,1)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF PROTECTION(9,1)|FISH PEST AVOIDANCE(9,1)|SHELLFISH REEF(7,1)|SHELLFISH SEEDLING(7,1)|SUPPORTING FRAME(6,11)|ECOLOGICAL BREEDING(6,1)|FISH JOINT LIVING ENVIRONMENT(6,1)|MAINTAINING FISHERY RESOURCE(6,1)|PLANTING SEAWEED(6,1)|SEAWATER ORGANISM(6,1)|SHELL ADSORPTION(6,1)|SUPPORT FRAME(5,4)|POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(5,2)|REFLUX ORIENTATION(5,2)|330 UNIDIRECTIONAL MESH DOOR(5,1)|CHASSIS NOTCH(5,1)|MARINE SHELL REEF(5,1)|SHELL NETPEN(5,1)|MARINE SUBSTANCE(4,1)|MEASURING SYSTEM(4,1)|OLD SHIP(4,1)|WASTE UTILIZATION(4,1)|HABITAT CONDITION(3,1)|NET CONTAINER(3,1)|SHELL CYLINDER(3,1)|SHELL WASTE(3,1)|SOFT ROPE(3,1)|STABLE CHASSIS(3,1)|200 SHELL NET CAGE(2,1)|400 GUIDING ROPE(2,1)|AQUATIC ORGANISM(2,1)|CALIBER(2,1)| | (CN219330430)|1. A shell carbon sequestration fish reef comprising: the device comprises a chassis (100), a shell net cage (200) and a fishing net cage (300);|the shell net cage (200) is connected with the underframe (100);|the fishing net cage (300) is embedded above the underframe (100);|the chassis (100) comprises: a first ring (110) and a second ring (120);|the first annular piece (110) is coaxial with the second annular piece (120) and is arranged at intervals;|a plurality of shell nettings (200) are connected between the first annular piece (110) and the second annular piece (120), and the shell nettings (200) are arranged along the circumference of the first annular piece (110) at intervals.|2. A shell-and-carbon-fixing fish reef according to claim 1, wherein the first annular member (110) is located above the second annular member (120), and the diameter of the first annular member (110) is smaller than the diameter of the second annular member (120).|3. A shell carbon sequestration reef according to claim 1, wherein the shell netpen (200) is inclined from bottom to top in a direction approaching the axis of the first ring element (110).|4. A shell-stabilized fish reef according to claim 1, characterized in that a guide rope (400) is connected between the chassis (100) and the fishing net cage (300).|5. A shell-stabilized fish reef according to claim 4, wherein the guide rope (400) extends from the bottom of the fishing net cage (300) to the top of the fishing net cage (300).|6. A shell-stabilized fish reef according to claim 1, wherein the fishing net cage (300) comprises: a supporting frame (310), a net body (320) and a unidirectional net door (330);|the net body (320) is connected to the supporting frame (310), and the unidirectional net door (330) is installed on the net body (320).|7. A shell carbon sequestration fish reef according to claim 6, characterised in that the support frame (310) is provided with a first tip (311) at the bottom.|8. Shell-carbon-fixing reef according to claim 7, characterized in that the chassis (100) is provided with a slot adapted to the first tip (311).|9. The shell-stabilized reef of claim 6 wherein the top of the support frame (310) is provided with a second tip (312). | (CN219330430)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fish reefs, in particular to a shell carbon fixing fish reef.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Under the general condition, the artificial fish reef is made of stone, old ships, cement building parts and other materials, has poor affinity to the ocean, has a poor carbon fixing effect, and has high cost. The modern industry and human life discharge a large amount of carbon dioxide and toxic and harmful three wastes, pollute the atmosphere and the sea, and seriously destroy the ecology.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0003] The utility model aims to provide a shell carbon fixing fish reef so as to solve the technical problem that an artificial fish reef in the prior art has poor affinity to sea.|[0004] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef comprising: the device comprises a bottom frame, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage;|[0005] the shell net cage is connected with the underframe;|[0006] the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe.|[0007] With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the chassis includes: a first ring member and a second ring member;|[0008] the first annular piece is coaxial with the second annular piece and is arranged at intervals;|[0009] a plurality of shell nettings are connected between the first annular piece and the second annular piece, and the shell nettings are arranged along the circumference of the first annular piece at intervals.|[0010] With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the first ring member is located above the second ring member, and a diameter of the first ring member is smaller than a diameter of the second ring member.|[0011] With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the shell netpen is inclined from bottom to top towards a direction approaching the axis of the first ring element.|[0012] With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a guide rope is connected between the chassis and the fishing net cage.|[0013] With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the guide rope penetrates from a bottom of the fishing net cage to a top of the fishing net cage.|[0014] With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the fishing net cage includes: the support frame, the net body and the unidirectional net door;|[0015] the net body is connected with the supporting frame, and the unidirectional net door is arranged on the net body.|[0016] With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a bottom portion of the supporting frame is provided with a first tip portion.|[0017] With reference to the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the chassis is provided with a notch adapted to the first tip portion.|[0018] With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a ninth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a top portion of the supporting frame is provided with a second tip portion.|[0019] The embodiment of the utility model has the following beneficial effects: the shell net cage is connected with the underframe, the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe, the shell net cage is utilized to enable the shell to be used for taking the sea, the underframe is supported by the shell net cage, so that the structural stability is improved, the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can be pulled out of the water, the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be built, the development of fishery can be promoted, urban shell garbage can be utilized, the carbon resource circulation of land and sea can be promoted, the affinity effect with the sea can be improved, and a better carbon fixing effect can be obtained.|[0020] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present utility model more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.|[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present utility model when a fishing net cage is lifted;|[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shell-stabilized carbon fish reef according to an embodiment of the present utility model;|[0024] fig. 3 is a top view of a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present utility model.|[0025] Icon: 100-underframe; 110-a first ring member; 120-a second ring member; 200-shell net cage; 300-fishing net cage; 310-supporting frames; 311-a first tip; 312-second tip; 320-mesh body; 330-unidirectional mesh door; 400-guiding rope.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0026] The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the utility model are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.|[0027] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Physical quantities in the formulas, unless otherwise noted, are understood to be basic quantities of basic units of the international system of units, or derived quantities derived from the basic quantities by mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.|[0028] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.|[0029] As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present utility model includes: chassis 100, shell cage 200, and fishing cage 300; the shell net cage 200 is connected with the underframe 100; the fishing net 300 is embedded above the chassis 100.|[0030] Specifically, live fish may be captured by the fishing net 300, and the fishing net 300 may be movable with respect to the chassis 100, so that the fishing net 300 may be lifted out of the water. The shell net cage 200 is formed by filling shells into a net container, so that the seas can be used as the sea, the bottom frame 100 is supported by the shell net cage 200, and the structural stability is improved. The fishing net 300 can be dropped and embedded into the bottom frame 100, so that the fishing net 300 is immersed in water, the shell net 200 can be submerged in the water, the carbon resource circulation of land and sea is promoted by using urban shell garbage, the affinity with the sea is improved, and a better carbon fixing effect can be obtained.|[0031] It should be noted that, the combination of the shell net cage 200 and the fishing net cage 300 not only has the function of carbon fixation, but also can filter seawater, adsorb heavy metals, and further can improve the marine environment.|[0032] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, in an embodiment of the present utility model, the chassis 100 includes: a first ring member 110 and a second ring member 120; the first ring-shaped member 110 is coaxial with the second ring-shaped member 120 and is arranged at intervals; a plurality of shell nettings 200 are connected between the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120, and the plurality of shell nettings 200 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the first ring member 110.|[0033] Specifically, a plurality of shell nettings 200 are supported between the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120, the number of shell nettings 200 may be set to 5 to 20, and the number of shell nettings 200 may be increased or decreased according to the radial dimensions of the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120. The seawater and impurities in the water may pass through the first ring member 110, the second ring member 120, and the gap between the adjacent two shell nettings 200, thereby capturing the carbon-containing compounds inside the shell nettings 200. In addition, the carbon-containing compound located outside the chassis 100 may be adsorbed on the outside of the shell cylinder mould 200, improving the marine environment by using the shell waste, and realizing the waste utilization.|[0034] Further, the first ring member 110 is located above the second ring member 120, and the diameter of the first ring member 110 is smaller than the diameter of the second ring member 120.|[0035] Accordingly, the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120 form a truncated cone-shaped structure, so that the stable chassis 100 is formed.|[0036] Further, shell cage 200 is inclined from bottom to top in a direction approaching the axis of first ring 110.|[0037] The plurality of shell nettings 200 are arranged along the conical surface between the first annular member 110 and the second annular member 120, so that the length dimension of the shell nettings 200 can be increased under the condition of limited height dimension of the underframe 100, and the contact area between the shell nettings 200 and marine substances can be increased, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the shells on carbon-containing compounds in seawater. The waste shell inorganic matters recovered by filling garbage in the shell net cage 200 can reduce the construction cost of the artificial fish reef, and has the following advantages: the source is wide, the method is easy to obtain, and the construction investment is low; (2) Has good biological affinity, and can not release alkaline substances; (3) The surface structure is complex, the roughness is high, a good adhesion base can be provided for the attached organisms, and the carbon fixation energy is fully exerted.|[0038] As shown in fig. 1, a guide rope 400 is connected between the bottom frame 100 and the fishing net 300, and the guide rope 400 is a soft rope, so that the fishing net 300 is separated from the bottom frame 100 when the fishing net 300 is lifted upwards, and the fishing net 300 is lifted out of the water. The shell net cage 200 is formed by shells, so that carbon dioxide can be absorbed, seawater organisms can be parasitic, food and living environment are provided for the fishes in the fish catching net cage 300, and the joint living environment of the fishes and the marine organisms is created. After the marine shell reef is put in, the characteristics of a flow field around the reef body can be changed, suitable habitat conditions are created for the habitat and propagation of marine organisms, and meanwhile, a large amount of attached organisms on the reef body can habitat and propagate, so that not only can rich baits be provided for organisms such as fishes, but also good places are provided for spawning, propagation and pest avoidance of the fishes, and the ecological effects of improving the habitat, maintaining fishery resources and improving the biological resource quantity of sea areas are achieved. In addition, in the construction process of the shell fish reef, the ecological environment of the sea area can be effectively improved, the offshore fishery resource can be maintained, the diversity of marine organisms can be improved, and the safety of a marine ecological system can be maintained by scientifically putting in shellfish seedlings, planting seaweed, algae, proliferating aquatic organisms and other systematic measures.|[0039] As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the guide rope 400 penetrates from the bottom of the fishing net 300 to the top of the fishing net 300. When the top end of the guide rope 400 is lifted, the guide rope 400 can stably lift the fishing net 300.|[0040] Further, the bottom end of the guide rope 400 is connected to the first ring 110, and the guide rope 400 penetrates from the bottom of the fishing net 300 to the top of the fishing net 300, and the fishing net 300 can be lifted out of the water by lifting the top end of the guide rope 400.|[0041] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the fishing net 300 includes: a support frame 310, a net body 320 and a unidirectional net door 330; the net body 320 is connected to the supporting frame 310, and the unidirectional net door 330 is installed to the net body 320.|[0042] Specifically, the net 320 is connected to the supporting frame 310, and the structural stability of the net 320 is maintained by the supporting frame 310. The unidirectional mesh 330 is configured in a tapered structure with a caliber tapered from outside to inside so that the fish can enter the inside of the fishing net 300 from outside and the fish entering the inside of the fishing net 300 can be prevented from escaping.|[0043] Further, the bottom of the supporting frame 310 is provided with a first tip 311, so that the bottom of the fishing net 300 forms a tapered structure, thereby increasing the surface area of the fishing net 300.|[0044] Further, the chassis 100 is provided with a notch adapted to the first tip 311. The first ring member 110 encloses a notch, and the first tip 311 can be inserted into the notch of the chassis 100, so that the fishing net 300 is stable relative to the chassis 100.|[0045] Further, the top of the supporting frame 310 is provided with the second tip 312, so that the top of the fishing net 300 forms a conical structure, and the first tip 311 and the second tip 312 are both configured into a polygonal pyramid structure, so that the fishing net 300 forms a diamond-shaped structure, thereby not only improving the structural stability of the fishing net 300, but also increasing the surface area of the net body 320.|[0046] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the carbon sequestration method for a fish reef provided by the embodiment of the present utility model adopts the shell carbon sequestration fish reef described in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:|[0047] mounting the shell net cage 200 to the chassis 100;|[0048] the fishing net 300 is inserted over the chassis 100.|[0049] In the embodiment of the utility model, the carbon fixing method for the fish reef has the technical effects of the shell carbon fixing fish reef, and the description is omitted herein. The shell carbon-fixing fish reef can be used for parasitizing various microorganisms and providing living places for marine organisms. Under the protection of the artificial fish reef, on one hand, the ecological breeding method can be popularized, and the old method of excessive fishing is changed; on the other hand, algae and shells are utilized to capture carbon dioxide, so as to purify the surrounding environment.|[0050] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and not for limiting the same; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the utility model. | (CN219330430)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fish reefs, in particular to a shell carbon fixing fish reef.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Under the general condition, the artificial fish reef is made of stone, old ships, cement building parts and other materials, has poor affinity to the ocean, has a poor carbon fixing effect, and has high cost. The modern industry and human life discharge a large amount of carbon dioxide and toxic and harmful three wastes, pollute the atmosphere and the sea, and seriously destroy the ecology.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0003] The utility model aims to provide a shell carbon fixing fish reef so as to solve the technical problem that an artificial fish reef in the prior art has poor affinity to sea.|[0004] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef comprising: the device comprises a bottom frame, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage;|[0005] the shell net cage is connected with the underframe;|[0006] the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe.|[0007] With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the chassis includes: a first ring member and a second ring member;|[0008] the first annular piece is coaxial with the second annular piece and is arranged at intervals;|[0009] a plurality of shell nettings are connected between the first annular piece and the second annular piece, and the shell nettings are arranged along the circumference of the first annular piece at intervals.|[0010] With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the first ring member is located above the second ring member, and a diameter of the first ring member is smaller than a diameter of the second ring member.|[0011] With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the shell netpen is inclined from bottom to top towards a direction approaching the axis of the first ring element.|[0012] With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a guide rope is connected between the chassis and the fishing net cage.|[0013] With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the guide rope penetrates from a bottom of the fishing net cage to a top of the fishing net cage.|[0014] With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the fishing net cage includes: the support frame, the net body and the unidirectional net door;|[0015] the net body is connected with the supporting frame, and the unidirectional net door is arranged on the net body.|[0016] With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a bottom portion of the supporting frame is provided with a first tip portion.|[0017] With reference to the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the chassis is provided with a notch adapted to the first tip portion.|[0018] With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a ninth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a top portion of the supporting frame is provided with a second tip portion.|[0019] The embodiment of the utility model has the following beneficial effects: the shell net cage is connected with the underframe, the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe, the shell net cage is utilized to enable the shell to be used for taking the sea, the underframe is supported by the shell net cage, so that the structural stability is improved, the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can be pulled out of the water, the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be built, the development of fishery can be promoted, urban shell garbage can be utilized, the carbon resource circulation of land and sea can be promoted, the affinity effect with the sea can be improved, and a better carbon fixing effect can be obtained.|[0020] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present utility model more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.|[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present utility model when a fishing net cage is lifted;|[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shell-stabilized carbon fish reef according to an embodiment of the present utility model;|[0024] fig. 3 is a top view of a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present utility model.|[0025] Icon: 100-underframe; 110-a first ring member; 120-a second ring member; 200-shell net cage; 300-fishing net cage; 310-supporting frames; 311-a first tip; 312-second tip; 320-mesh body; 330-unidirectional mesh door; 400-guiding rope.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0026] The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the utility model are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.|[0027] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Physical quantities in the formulas, unless otherwise noted, are understood to be basic quantities of basic units of the international system of units, or derived quantities derived from the basic quantities by mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.|[0028] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.|[0029] As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present utility model includes: chassis 100, shell cage 200, and fishing cage 300; the shell net cage 200 is connected with the underframe 100; the fishing net 300 is embedded above the chassis 100.|[0030] Specifically, live fish may be captured by the fishing net 300, and the fishing net 300 may be movable with respect to the chassis 100, so that the fishing net 300 may be lifted out of the water. The shell net cage 200 is formed by filling shells into a net container, so that the seas can be used as the sea, the bottom frame 100 is supported by the shell net cage 200, and the structural stability is improved. The fishing net 300 can be dropped and embedded into the bottom frame 100, so that the fishing net 300 is immersed in water, the shell net 200 can be submerged in the water, the carbon resource circulation of land and sea is promoted by using urban shell garbage, the affinity with the sea is improved, and a better carbon fixing effect can be obtained.|[0031] It should be noted that, the combination of the shell net cage 200 and the fishing net cage 300 not only has the function of carbon fixation, but also can filter seawater, adsorb heavy metals, and further can improve the marine environment.|[0032] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, in an embodiment of the present utility model, the chassis 100 includes: a first ring member 110 and a second ring member 120; the first ring-shaped member 110 is coaxial with the second ring-shaped member 120 and is arranged at intervals; a plurality of shell nettings 200 are connected between the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120, and the plurality of shell nettings 200 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the first ring member 110.|[0033] Specifically, a plurality of shell nettings 200 are supported between the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120, the number of shell nettings 200 may be set to 5 to 20, and the number of shell nettings 200 may be increased or decreased according to the radial dimensions of the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120. The seawater and impurities in the water may pass through the first ring member 110, the second ring member 120, and the gap between the adjacent two shell nettings 200, thereby capturing the carbon-containing compounds inside the shell nettings 200. In addition, the carbon-containing compound located outside the chassis 100 may be adsorbed on the outside of the shell cylinder mould 200, improving the marine environment by using the shell waste, and realizing the waste utilization.|[0034] Further, the first ring member 110 is located above the second ring member 120, and the diameter of the first ring member 110 is smaller than the diameter of the second ring member 120.|[0035] Accordingly, the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120 form a truncated cone-shaped structure, so that the stable chassis 100 is formed.|[0036] Further, shell cage 200 is inclined from bottom to top in a direction approaching the axis of first ring 110.|[0037] The plurality of shell nettings 200 are arranged along the conical surface between the first annular member 110 and the second annular member 120, so that the length dimension of the shell nettings 200 can be increased under the condition of limited height dimension of the underframe 100, and the contact area between the shell nettings 200 and marine substances can be increased, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the shells on carbon-containing compounds in seawater. The waste shell inorganic matters recovered by filling garbage in the shell net cage 200 can reduce the construction cost of the artificial fish reef, and has the following advantages: the source is wide, the method is easy to obtain, and the construction investment is low; (2) Has good biological affinity, and can not release alkaline substances; (3) The surface structure is complex, the roughness is high, a good adhesion base can be provided for the attached organisms, and the carbon fixation energy is fully exerted.|[0038] As shown in fig. 1, a guide rope 400 is connected between the bottom frame 100 and the fishing net 300, and the guide rope 400 is a soft rope, so that the fishing net 300 is separated from the bottom frame 100 when the fishing net 300 is lifted upwards, and the fishing net 300 is lifted out of the water. The shell net cage 200 is formed by shells, so that carbon dioxide can be absorbed, seawater organisms can be parasitic, food and living environment are provided for the fishes in the fish catching net cage 300, and the joint living environment of the fishes and the marine organisms is created. After the marine shell reef is put in, the characteristics of a flow field around the reef body can be changed, suitable habitat conditions are created for the habitat and propagation of marine organisms, and meanwhile, a large amount of attached organisms on the reef body can habitat and propagate, so that not only can rich baits be provided for organisms such as fishes, but also good places are provided for spawning, propagation and pest avoidance of the fishes, and the ecological effects of improving the habitat, maintaining fishery resources and improving the biological resource quantity of sea areas are achieved. In addition, in the construction process of the shell fish reef, the ecological environment of the sea area can be effectively improved, the offshore fishery resource can be maintained, the diversity of marine organisms can be improved, and the safety of a marine ecological system can be maintained by scientifically putting in shellfish seedlings, planting seaweed, algae, proliferating aquatic organisms and other systematic measures.|[0039] As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the guide rope 400 penetrates from the bottom of the fishing net 300 to the top of the fishing net 300. When the top end of the guide rope 400 is lifted, the guide rope 400 can stably lift the fishing net 300.|[0040] Further, the bottom end of the guide rope 400 is connected to the first ring 110, and the guide rope 400 penetrates from the bottom of the fishing net 300 to the top of the fishing net 300, and the fishing net 300 can be lifted out of the water by lifting the top end of the guide rope 400.|[0041] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the fishing net 300 includes: a support frame 310, a net body 320 and a unidirectional net door 330; the net body 320 is connected to the supporting frame 310, and the unidirectional net door 330 is installed to the net body 320.|[0042] Specifically, the net 320 is connected to the supporting frame 310, and the structural stability of the net 320 is maintained by the supporting frame 310. The unidirectional mesh 330 is configured in a tapered structure with a caliber tapered from outside to inside so that the fish can enter the inside of the fishing net 300 from outside and the fish entering the inside of the fishing net 300 can be prevented from escaping.|[0043] Further, the bottom of the supporting frame 310 is provided with a first tip 311, so that the bottom of the fishing net 300 forms a tapered structure, thereby increasing the surface area of the fishing net 300.|[0044] Further, the chassis 100 is provided with a notch adapted to the first tip 311. The first ring member 110 encloses a notch, and the first tip 311 can be inserted into the notch of the chassis 100, so that the fishing net 300 is stable relative to the chassis 100.|[0045] Further, the top of the supporting frame 310 is provided with the second tip 312, so that the top of the fishing net 300 forms a conical structure, and the first tip 311 and the second tip 312 are both configured into a polygonal pyramid structure, so that the fishing net 300 forms a diamond-shaped structure, thereby not only improving the structural stability of the fishing net 300, but also increasing the surface area of the net body 320.|[0046] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the carbon sequestration method for a fish reef provided by the embodiment of the present utility model adopts the shell carbon sequestration fish reef described in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:|[0047] mounting the shell net cage 200 to the chassis 100;|[0048] the fishing net 300 is inserted over the chassis 100.|[0049] In the embodiment of the utility model, the carbon fixing method for the fish reef has the technical effects of the shell carbon fixing fish reef, and the description is omitted herein. The shell carbon-fixing fish reef can be used for parasitizing various microorganisms and providing living places for marine organisms. Under the protection of the artificial fish reef, on one hand, the ecological breeding method can be popularized, and the old method of excessive fishing is changed; on the other hand, algae and shells are utilized to capture carbon dioxide, so as to purify the surrounding environment.|[0050] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and not for limiting the same; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the utility model. | Family Number|(105721025)|105721025|Abstract|(CN219330430U U)|The utility model provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef , which relates to the technical field of fish reefs , and comprises a bottom frame , a shell net cage and a fishing net cage , the shell net cage is connected with the underframe ; and the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe . According to the shell carbon sequestration fish reef , the bottom frame is supported through the shell net cage , so that the structural stability is improved , the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can also be lifted out of the water surface , the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be built , fishery development is promoted , urban shell garbage can be utilized , and environmental protection is achieved . The carbon resource circulation of land and ocean is promoted , the affinity with the ocean is improved , and a better carbon sequestration effect can be obtained . |Title|(CN219330430U U)|Shell carbon sequestration fish reef | | Other special machines | Y02A-040/81 | Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/73 | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/73 | CN115486402B | CN115486402B 103084426 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y | GRANTED | (CN219330430)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN219330430)|ALIVE | (CN219330430)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN219330430|Actual or expected expiration date=2032-09-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2022-09-27|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202222569012|Application date=2022-09-27|Standardized application number=2022CN-U2569012|Event publication date=2023-07-14|Event code=CN/U|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Registered Utility Model|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN219330430|Publication stage code=U|Publication date=2023-07-14|Standardized publication number=CN219330430U|Event publication date=2023-07-14|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN219330430)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=jf59U3ybGzaIOO85Rx5a6KqLeopS8oZMbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000068637786&ekey=2282&xpn=CN219330430U&kind=U | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=kcSnsHiR4IPTFvp8ILsj5bmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN219330430)|CN | (CN219330430)|NAME=QINGDAO SHELL MUSEUM , COUNTRY=CN | (CN219330430)|NAME=LIU WENQIANG;CHOFN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY , REG=11463 | (CN219330430)|NAME=GENG BING | Titre: (CN219330430)|Shell carbon sequestration fish reef Résumé: (CN219330430)|The utility model provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef, which relates to the technical field of fish reefs, and comprises a bottom frame, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage, the shell net cage is connected with the underframe; and the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe. According to the shell carbon sequestration fish reef, the bottom frame is supported through the shell net cage, so that the structural stability is improved, the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can also be lifted out of the water surface, the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be built, fishery development is promoted, urban shell garbage can be utilized, and environmental protection is achieved. The carbon resource circulation of land and ocean is promoted, the affinity with the ocean is improved, and a better carbon sequestration effect can be obtained. | 20.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a fish reef structure for promoting fishery development and environmental protection, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or carbon sequestration through ocean fertilization. | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN219330430)|1 | (CN219330430)|8 | (CN219330430)|9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN219330430)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN219330430)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-07-14|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-2802|Number of Pages: NPAGES=8| | (CN219330430)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN219330430U)|Utility model | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 33 | CN202410168124 | CN202410168124 | CN118011497|CN118011497 | 109742838 | CN118011497 B 2024-09-17 [CN118011497B]|CN118011497 A 2024-05-10 [CN118011497] | 2024-02-06 | 2024-02-06 | 2024-09-17|2024-05-10 | (CN118011497B)|2024-09-17 | (CN118011497)|2044-02-06 | (CN118011497)|Method and medium for identifying ocean carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference | (CN118011497)|The invention provides a method for identifying ocean carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference and a medium, and belongs to the field of ocean carbon sequestration. According to the method, on the basis of seismic data before CO2 is injected into a target area, the two-way travel time change and difference of a salt water layer and a key stratum in the salt water layer are finely analyzed; attributes such as root-mean-square amplitudes and coherence are extracted along different key stratums, changes of the root-mean-square amplitudes and the coherence attributes of time-lapse seismic data are compared, special geologic bodies such as faults, fractures and tubular structures newly formed after CO2 injection are identified, and by comparing planes and vertical abnormal changes of the root-mean-square amplitudes and the coherence attributes of the seismic data before and after CO2 injection, the time-lapse seismic data are identified. According to the method, on the basis of the influence and action relation of fractures and tubular structure distribution in the key stratum on lithology, in combination with spatial distribution of CO2 injected into the key stratum, CO2 sequestration change recognition is achieved, and the method is accurate, reliable and high in recognition precision and has wide practical application and popularization value. | CHINA OCEAN UNIVERSITY|GUANGZHOU MARINE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY | (CN118011497)|OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN])|GUANGZHOU MARINE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY|(CN118011497)|OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN])|GUANGZHOU MARINE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY | WANG XIUJUAN|LI SANZHONG|KUANG ZENGGUI|WANG YAOKUI|ZHU ZHENYU|ZHOU JILIN|SUO YANHUI|DENG WEI|GUAN HONGXIANG|ZHANG ZHENGYI | (CN118011497)|WANG XIUJUAN|LI SANZHONG|KUANG ZENGGUI|WANG YAOKUI|ZHU ZHENYU|ZHOU JILIN|SUO YANHUI|DENG WEI|GUAN HONGXIANG|ZHANG ZHENGYI|(CN118011497)|WANG XIUJUAN|LI SANZHONG|KUANG ZENGGUI|WANG YAOKUI|ZHU ZHENYU|ZHOU JILIN|SUO YANHUI|DENG WEI|GUAN HONGXIANG|ZHANG ZHENGYI | (CN118011497)|WANG DANDAN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 37335|WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 37335 | (CN118011497)|Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|Currently, research on sealing up of the ocean brine layer CO 2 has been carried out for many years, and the prior art includes monitoring sea surface leakage caused by CO 2 injected into the brine layer by using satellite data, or through downhole temperature and pressure measurement, but these means cannot intuitively reflect a series of problems such as time-dependent changes of CO 2 injection in the brine layer, environmental risks and the like, such as whether leakage of CO 2 occurs, preferential leakage to which stratum is caused after CO 2 is injected into a target area, whether new faults are generated in the stratum along with the increase of the injection amount of CO2, and the like.|If CO 2 continuously leaks upwards, the leakage will be to the sea floor, which not only affects the marine environment, but also makes it difficult to realize effective sequestration of CO 2.| | (CN118011497)|1. The method for identifying the marine carbon sequestration change based on the time-lapse seismic attribute difference is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step A, basic data acquisition and collection: acquiring or collecting logging, rock core and horizon data of a marine carbon sequestration target zone, shifting seismic data timely, acquiring seismic data of the same zone by using the same method at different time, namely shifting seismic data, and analyzing stratum capable of carrying out CO 2 sequestration in the target zone and stratum structure of the target zone; Interpretation and analysis of the acquired data prior to injection at step B, CO 2: The seismic data acquired before CO 2 injection of the key stratum of the target area are finely interpreted, double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum are obtained, and the key stratum of the target area is sealed by CO 2 through amplitude abnormality; extracting coherent and root mean square amplitude attribute of each key stratum, wherein the time window for extracting the attribute is required to cover the attribute change of the stratum as a selection basis, and identifying special geologic bodies by utilizing the attribute change, wherein the special geologic bodies comprise faults, cracks, tubular channels and local Long Sheng; analyzing reflection characteristics existing in the target area based on reflection interface characteristics of different stratum; The interpretation and analysis of the time-lapse seismic data injected in step C, CO 2 specifically includes: C1, carrying out fine explanation and amplitude attribute analysis on a key stratum of a target area after CO 2 is injected, and identifying an earthquake strong amplitude abnormal area caused by CO2 injection according to strong amplitude reflection occurring in the inside of the injected saline water layer; C2, carrying out fine explanation and coherence attribute analysis on a target area key stratum after CO 2 is injected, and identifying a special geologic body generated by CO 2 injection and distribution of the special geologic body; Firstly, loading double-pass time-lapse data of a critical stratum of a target zone which is precisely interpreted into time-lapse seismic data acquired after CO 2 injection, extracting coherent attributes along the critical stratum, secondly, selecting a stratum with obvious difference in root mean square amplitude of the target zone, analyzing coherent attribute change, comparing the size of a coherent attribute value with plane change characteristics, analyzing abnormal change of the coherent attribute, and then comparing whether morphological abnormal change exists on a plane of the coherent attribute to indicate that a new special geologic body is generated in a saline water layer; Step C3, analyzing the influence of CO 2 injected into the stratum based on the attribute change of the step C1 and the step C2 and the identified amplitude abnormal distribution and the special geologic body; Firstly, comparing the coherent attribute changes of time-lapse seismic data acquired in the same layer and the same position, and analyzing whether the form changes along with time when the coherent abnormality occurs, wherein the change of the coherent form indicates the change of fluid migration caused by CO 2 injection, which indicates that CO 2 injection has an influence on the stratum reflecting structure in the sand layer; analyzing the change of each key stratum one by one, and identifying a special geologic body newly generated by the key stratum of the target area after injection; Secondly, comparing root mean square amplitude attribute changes of time-lapse seismic data acquired in the same layer and the same position, identifying spatial change characteristics and distribution of amplitude change areas of the acquired seismic data in different ages after CO2 injection, describing CO2 migration conditions, and analyzing the relationship between CO2 migration in the sand layer and the special geologic body identified in the step C2; Step D, CO 2, performing time-lapse seismic data comprehensive contrast analysis before and after injection: and performing attribute anomaly analysis and comparison on time-lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 is injected, identifying the superposition relation of CO 2 distribution and special geologic bodies, and determining the spatial variation of CO 2 sequestration, thereby achieving the purpose of performing CO 2 sequestration variation analysis by using time-lapse seismic attribute differences. | | (CN118011497)|The invention provides a method and a medium for identifying marine carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the sequestration leakage condition of a marine salty water layer CO 2 is difficult to identify, the diffusion change of CO 2 in the salty water layer after injection is difficult to identify, the accurate identification of the upward leakage position is difficult to identify, and the like, and the marine CO 2 sequestration and leakage occurrence prediction is realized by comparing the time-lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 injection and the abnormal change of various seismic attributes of the same stratum in a target area before and after the salty water layer is injected into CO 2.|The invention provides a method and medium for identifying marine carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference, which belongs to the field of marine carbon sequestration, and the method is based on seismic data before CO 2 injection in a target area, finely analyzes double-pass time-lapse change and difference of a salty water layer and key stratum inside the salty water layer, extracts root mean square amplitude, coherence and other attributes along different key strata, compares the root mean square amplitude, coherence attribute change of time-lapse seismic data, identifies special geological bodies such as newly formed faults, cracks and tubular structures after CO 2 injection, and identifies the rock character of CO 2 sequestration change by comparing the root mean square amplitude, coherence attribute plane and vertical abnormal change of the seismic data before and after CO 2 injection, and combines the spatial spread of CO 2 injection in the key stratum.|The present invention additionally provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for execution by a processor of the above-described method of identifying marine carbon sequestration changes based on time lapse seismic attribute differences.| | (CN118011497)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,17)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE DIFFERENCE(100,12)|IDENTIFYING MARINE(100,10)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE(100,6)|MEDIUM(100,4)|IDENTIFYING OCEAN(100,1)|IDENTIFYING OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|KEY STRATUM(87,60)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION IDENTIFICATION(70,9)|TARGET ZONE(53,7)|ATTRIBUTE ANOMALY ANALYSIS(48,1)|COHERENT ABNORMALITY(47,1)|SEQUESTRATION(44,8)|ATTRIBUTE EXTRACTION(43,1)|EARTHQUAKE STRONG AMPLITUDE(43,1)|STRATUM(42,20)|COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE PLANE(42,1)|AMPLITUDE ABNORMAL DISTRIBUTION(41,2)|SEISMIC DATA(40,33)|CRITICAL STRATUM(40,11)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE ABNORMAL CHANGE(40,1)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE PLANE(40,1)|TARGET ZONE CRITICAL STRATUM(40,1)|AMPLITUDE IRREGULARITY(39,1)|COLLECTING LOGGING(39,1)|KEY STRATA(39,1)|SAND LAYER(38,10)|FINE EXPLANATION(38,3)|AMPLITUDE ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS(38,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(37,4)|COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS(37,2)|LEAKAGE OCCURRENCE PREDICTION(37,1)|ROCK CHARACTER(37,1)|SEQUESTRATION LEAKAGE(37,1)|TARGET AREA KEY STRATUM(34,14)|ABNORMAL CHANGE(34,3)|ATTRIBUTE(32,12)|MUD STONE STRATUM(32,2)|IDENTIFIED AMPLITUDE ABNORMAL DISTRIBUTION(32,1)|MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMAL CHANGE(32,1)|SUPERPOSITION RELATION(32,1)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE CHANGE(31,1)|COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE(30,5)|CO2 MIGRATION CONDITION(29,1)|KEY STRATUM CHANGE(28,1)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE ABNORMAL CHANGE(28,1)|INTERPRETATION(27,3)|AMPLITUDE REFLECTION(27,2)|CO2 MIGRATION(27,2)|ROCK CORE(27,1)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE SIZE(26,1)|ACCURATE IDENTIFICATION(25,1)|FLUID MIGRATION(25,1)|CO2 INJECTION(24,11)|IDENTIFYING KEY STRATUM(24,1)|SEISMIC DATA ABNORMAL CHANGE(24,1)|SYNTHETIC SEISMIC RECORDING(24,1)|ACQUIRED SEISMIC DATA(23,3)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE ABNORMALITY(23,2)|REGION KEY STRATUM MORPHOLOGY(22,1)|SEA SAND(22,1)|STRATUM REFLECTING STRUCTURE(22,1)|CRITICAL STRATA(21,1)|FLUID MIGRATION CHANGE(21,1)|MARINE SAND STORAGE(21,1)|OCEAN BRINE LAYER(20,3)|AGE(20,1)|HORIZON DATA(20,1)|HORIZON TRACKING(19,2)|SALTY WATER LAYER(18,22)|BRINE LAYER(17,11)|DIFFUSION(17,3)|CHANGING ATTRIBUTE(17,2)|DOWNHOLE TEMPERATURE(17,1)|LONG SHENG(17,1)|TARGET REGION KEY STRATUM(17,1)|DATA ACQUISITION(16,4)|DATA COMPREHENSIVE CONTRAST ANALYSIS(16,2)|INDICATION FAULT(16,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION TARGET ZONE(16,1)|SATELLITE DATA(16,1)|TARGET AREA(15,35)|CRACK(15,8)|TUBULAR CHANNEL(15,3)|ROOT MEAN SQUARE AMPLITUDE(14,26)|TIME LAPSE SEISMIC DATA(14,14)|COHERENCY(13,6)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE(13,5)|MARINE(13,2)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(13,1)|SEA FLOOR(13,1)|CO2(12,2)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION FIELD(12,1)|ABNORMAL AREA(11,2)|DEPTH RELATION(11,1)|FAULT FORMATION(11,1)|LOADING DOUBLE PASS(11,1)|TIME LAPSE(10,5)|BASIC DATA ACQUISITION(10,2)|AMPLITUDE CHANGE AREA(10,1)|UPWARD LEAKAGE POSITION(10,1)|DOUBLE PASS(9,16)|MARINE SALTY WATER LAYER(9,6)|LEAK(9,2)|SEISMIC SECTION ABNORMAL RESPONSE(9,2)|SALINE WATER LAYER(8,10)|STEP B1(8,5)|SEA SURFACE MONITORING LEAKAGE(8,1)|TARGET AREA CRITICAL STRATUM(8,1)|TUBULAR STRUCTURE(7,24)|SALINE WATER(7,12)|SEA SURFACE LEAKAGE(7,1)|STORAGE CONDITION(7,1)|TOP INFLUENCE(7,1)|CARRYING OUT FINE EXPLANATION(6,2)|CORE DATA(6,2)|WEAK AMPLITUDE REFLECTION(6,2)|DOUBLE PASS TRAVEL(6,1)|FINE INTERPRETATION(5,2)|ABNORMALLY OBVIOUS STRATUM(5,1)|AMPLITUDE REFLECTION STRATUM(5,1)|COHERENCE ABNORMALITY(5,1)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS(5,1)|COVERAGE ANOMALY(5,1)|CRITICAL STRATUM RECOGNITION(5,1)|EXTRACTING AMPLITUDE ATTRIBUTE(5,1)|NORWAY BASIN(5,1)|OCEAN FAVORABLE TARGET(5,1)|PRECISELY INTERPRETED CRITICAL STRATUM(5,1)|PRESSURE MEASUREMENT(5,1)|REFLECTION EARTHQUAKE(5,1)|SPREAD RAPID JUDGEMENT(5,1)|STRATUM ABNORMAL DISTRIBUTION(5,1)|TIME WINDOW(4,9)|COHERENCE VALUE(4,4)|REFLECTION INTERFACE(4,2)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE ABNORMAL RANGE(4,2)|SEISMIC SECTION AQUIFER(4,2)|HUGE FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCE(4,1)|IDENTIFYING KEY STRATA(4,1)|IDENTIFYING SANDSTONE(4,1)|OCEAN NEGATIVE EMISSION(4,1)|REALIZING CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(4,1)|STRATUM AMPLITUDE(4,1)|STRATUM IDENTIFICATION(4,1)|TIME LAPSE DATA(3,9)|CIRCULAR SHAPE(3,5)|OCEAN SALTY WATER LAYER(3,3)|FAULT GENERATION(3,2)|STRIPE(3,2)|TECHNICAL CONTENT(3,2)|UPPER COVER LAYER(3,2)|ABNORMAL COHERENCE PROPERTY(3,1)|CO2 FLUID UPWARD MIGRATION(3,1)|COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE CHANGE(3,1)|CORRELATION ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS COMPARISON(3,1)|CRITICAL FORMATION REFLECTION ANOMALY(3,1)|FINE IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENT(3,1)|FINE RECOGNITION REQUIREMENT(3,1)|INJECTED CO2(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|STRATUM REFLECTION CHANGE(3,1)|TIME LAPSE CHANGE(3,1)|SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION(2,4)|ABNORMAL SEISMIC AMPLITUDE AREA(2,1)|CARBONATE PUMP(2,1)|CARRYING OUT ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS(2,1)|CO2 SEALING(2,1)|COLLECTED SEISMIC DATA(2,1)|FORM CHANGE(2,1)|GAS CHIMNEY(2,1)|GEOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP(2,1)|INJECTION FAULT(2,1)|MARINE CARBON LEAKAGE MONITORING(2,1)|OBSERVATION EQUIPMENT(2,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(2,1)|OVERLAPPING ANALYSIS(2,1)|PENETRATION CONDITION INFLUENCE(2,1)||(CN118011497)|KEY STRATUM(100,62)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,20)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE DIFFERENCE(100,15)|IDENTIFYING MARINE(100,13)|MEDIUM(100,4)|IDENTIFYING OCEAN(100,1)|IDENTIFYING OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION IDENTIFICATION(92,12)|SEISMIC DATA(57,36)|ATTRIBUTE ANOMALY ANALYSIS(55,1)|COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE(53,6)|TARGET ZONE(52,7)|SEQUESTRATION(50,8)|ATTRIBUTE EXTRACTION(49,1)|STRATUM(48,21)|COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE PLANE(48,1)|AMPLITUDE IRREGULARITY(45,1)|COLLECTING LOGGING(45,1)|KEY STRATA(45,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(43,4)|LEAKAGE OCCURRENCE PREDICTION(43,1)|ROCK CHARACTER(42,1)|SEQUESTRATION LEAKAGE(42,1)|SAND LAYER(37,10)|SUPERPOSITION RELATION(37,1)|MUD STONE STRATUM(36,2)|ABNORMAL CHANGE(34,3)|TARGET AREA KEY STRATUM(33,14)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE ABNORMAL CHANGE(32,1)|ATTRIBUTE(31,12)|COHERENT ABNORMALITY(31,1)|ROCK CORE(31,1)|INTERPRETATION(30,3)|FINE EXPLANATION(29,3)|ACCURATE IDENTIFICATION(28,1)|EARTHQUAKE STRONG AMPLITUDE(28,1)|IDENTIFYING KEY STRATUM(28,1)|SEISMIC DATA ABNORMAL CHANGE(28,1)|SYNTHETIC SEISMIC RECORDING(28,1)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE PLANE(27,1)|TARGET ZONE CRITICAL STRATUM(27,1)|COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS(26,2)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE ABNORMALITY(26,2)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE ABNORMAL CHANGE(26,1)|AMPLITUDE ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS(25,1)|REGION KEY STRATUM MORPHOLOGY(25,1)|SEA SAND(25,1)|COHERENCY(24,7)|OCEAN BRINE LAYER(24,3)|CRITICAL STRATA(24,1)|MARINE SAND STORAGE(24,1)|HORIZON DATA(23,1)|HORIZON TRACKING(22,2)|IDENTIFIED AMPLITUDE ABNORMAL DISTRIBUTION(22,1)|MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMAL CHANGE(22,1)|EXTRACTING(21,1)|SALTY WATER LAYER(20,22)|CO2 INJECTION(20,11)|DIFFUSION(20,3)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE CHANGE(20,1)|DOWNHOLE TEMPERATURE(20,1)|LONG SHENG(20,1)|TARGET REGION KEY STRATUM(20,1)|BRINE LAYER(19,11)|DATA ACQUISITION(19,4)|CHANGING ATTRIBUTE(19,2)|DATA COMPREHENSIVE CONTRAST ANALYSIS(19,2)|CO2 MIGRATION CONDITION(19,1)|ROOT MEAN SQUARE AMPLITUDE(18,28)|INDICATION FAULT(18,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION TARGET ZONE(18,1)|KEY STRATUM CHANGE(18,1)|SATELLITE DATA(18,1)|TARGET AREA(17,36)|CRACK(17,8)|ACQUIRED SEISMIC DATA(17,3)|TUBULAR CHANNEL(17,3)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE SIZE(17,1)|TIME LAPSE(15,8)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE(15,5)|MARINE(15,2)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(15,1)|SEA FLOOR(15,1)|CO2(14,2)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION FIELD(14,1)|STRATUM REFLECTING STRUCTURE(14,1)|FLUID MIGRATION CHANGE(13,1)|TIME LAPSE SEISMIC DATA(12,13)|BASIC DATA ACQUISITION(12,2)|DEPTH RELATION(12,1)|FAULT FORMATION(12,1)|LEAK(11,2)|SEISMIC SECTION ABNORMAL RESPONSE(11,2)|UPWARD LEAKAGE POSITION(11,1)|DOUBLE PASS(10,16)|MARINE SALTY WATER LAYER(10,6)|SEA SURFACE MONITORING LEAKAGE(10,1)|TARGET AREA CRITICAL STRATUM(10,1)|STEP B1(9,5)|TUBULAR STRUCTURE(8,24)|SEA SURFACE LEAKAGE(8,1)|STORAGE CONDITION(8,1)|TOP INFLUENCE(8,1)|WELL EXPLAINED KEY STRATUM(8,1)|CORE DATA(7,2)|WEAK AMPLITUDE REFLECTION(7,2)|DOUBLE PASS TRAVEL(7,1)|LOADING DOUBLE PASS(7,1)|SALINE WATER LAYER(6,10)|FINE INTERPRETATION(6,2)|ABNORMALLY OBVIOUS STRATUM(6,1)|AMPLITUDE CHANGE AREA(6,1)|AMPLITUDE REFLECTION STRATUM(6,1)|COHERENCE ABNORMALITY(6,1)|OCEAN FAVORABLE TARGET(6,1)|PRESSURE MEASUREMENT(6,1)|STRATUM ABNORMAL DISTRIBUTION(6,1)|TIME ANALYSIS(6,1)|COHERENCE VALUE(5,4)|COHERENT ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS(5,1)|COVERAGE ANOMALY(5,1)|CRITICAL STRATUM RECOGNITION(5,1)|EXTRACTING AMPLITUDE ATTRIBUTE(5,1)|HUGE FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCE(5,1)|IDENTIFYING KEY STRATA(5,1)|IDENTIFYING SANDSTONE(5,1)|NORWAY BASIN(5,1)|OCEAN NEGATIVE EMISSION(5,1)|PRECISELY INTERPRETED CRITICAL STRATUM(5,1)|REALIZING CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(5,1)|REFLECTION EARTHQUAKE(5,1)|SPREAD RAPID JUDGEMENT(5,1)|STRATUM AMPLITUDE(5,1)|STRATUM IDENTIFICATION(5,1)|TIME WINDOW(4,9)|OCEAN SALTY WATER LAYER(4,3)|REFLECTION INTERFACE(4,2)|SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE ABNORMAL RANGE(4,2)|SEISMIC SECTION AQUIFER(4,2)|UPPER COVER LAYER(4,2)|ABNORMAL COHERENCE PROPERTY(4,1)|CO2 FLUID UPWARD MIGRATION(4,1)|COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE CHANGE(4,1)|CORRELATION ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS COMPARISON(4,1)|CRITICAL FORMATION REFLECTION ANOMALY(4,1)|FINE IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENT(4,1)|FINE RECOGNITION REQUIREMENT(4,1)|INJECTED CO2(4,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|STRATUM REFLECTION CHANGE(4,1)|TIME LAPSE CHANGE(4,1)|CIRCULAR SHAPE(3,5)|SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION(3,4)|CARRYING OUT FINE EXPLANATION(3,2)|FAULT GENERATION(3,2)|STRIPE(3,2)|TECHNICAL CONTENT(3,2)|ABNORMAL SEISMIC AMPLITUDE AREA(3,1)|CARBONATE PUMP(3,1)|CARRYING OUT ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS(3,1)|CO2 SEALING(3,1)|COLLECTED SEISMIC DATA(3,1)|GAS CHIMNEY(3,1)|GEOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP(3,1)|INJECTION FAULT(3,1)|MARINE CARBON LEAKAGE MONITORING(3,1)|OBSERVATION EQUIPMENT(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(3,1)|OVERLAPPING ANALYSIS(3,1)|PENETRATION CONDITION INFLUENCE(3,1)|PHASE AXIAL DISLOCATION(3,1)|REFLECTED SEISMIC DATA(3,1)| | (CN118011497)|1. The method for identifying the marine carbon sequestration change based on the time-lapse seismic attribute difference is characterized by comprising the following steps:| Step A, basic data acquisition and collection: acquiring or collecting logging, rock core and horizon data of a marine carbon sequestration target zone, shifting seismic data timely, acquiring seismic data of the same zone by using the same method at different time, namely shifting seismic data, and analyzing stratum capable of carrying out CO 2 sequestration in the target zone and stratum structure of the target zone; | Interpretation and analysis of the acquired data prior to injection at step B, CO 2: | The seismic data acquired before CO 2 injection of the key stratum of the target area are finely interpreted, double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum are obtained, and the key stratum of the target area is sealed by CO 2 through amplitude abnormality; extracting coherent and root mean square amplitude attribute of each key stratum, wherein the time window for extracting the attribute is required to cover the attribute change of the stratum as a selection basis, and identifying special geologic bodies by utilizing the attribute change, wherein the special geologic bodies comprise faults, cracks, tubular channels and local Long Sheng; analyzing reflection characteristics existing in the target area based on reflection interface characteristics of different stratum; | The interpretation and analysis of the time-lapse seismic data injected in step C, CO 2 specifically includes: | C1, carrying out fine explanation and amplitude attribute analysis on a key stratum of a target area after CO 2 is injected, and identifying an earthquake strong amplitude abnormal area caused by CO2 injection according to strong amplitude reflection occurring in the inside of the injected saline water layer; | C2, carrying out fine explanation and coherence attribute analysis on a target area key stratum after CO 2 is injected, and identifying a special geologic body generated by CO 2 injection and distribution of the special geologic body; | Firstly, loading double-pass time-lapse data of a critical stratum of a target zone which is precisely interpreted into time-lapse seismic data acquired after CO 2 injection, extracting coherent attributes along the critical stratum, secondly, selecting a stratum with obvious difference in root mean square amplitude of the target zone, analyzing coherent attribute change, comparing the size of a coherent attribute value with plane change characteristics, analyzing abnormal change of the coherent attribute, and then comparing whether morphological abnormal change exists on a plane of the coherent attribute to indicate that a new special geologic body is generated in a saline water layer; | Step C3, analyzing the influence of CO 2 injected into the stratum based on the attribute change of the step C1 and the step C2 and the identified amplitude abnormal distribution and the special geologic body; | Firstly, comparing the coherent attribute changes of time-lapse seismic data acquired in the same layer and the same position, and analyzing whether the form changes along with time when the coherent abnormality occurs, wherein the change of the coherent form indicates the change of fluid migration caused by CO 2 injection, which indicates that CO 2 injection has an influence on the stratum reflecting structure in the sand layer; analyzing the change of each key stratum one by one, and identifying a special geologic body newly generated by the key stratum of the target area after injection; | Secondly, comparing root mean square amplitude attribute changes of time-lapse seismic data acquired in the same layer and the same position, identifying spatial change characteristics and distribution of amplitude change areas of the acquired seismic data in different ages after CO2 injection, describing CO2 migration conditions, and analyzing the relationship between CO2 migration in the sand layer and the special geologic body identified in the step C2; | Step D, CO 2, performing time-lapse seismic data comprehensive contrast analysis before and after injection: and performing attribute anomaly analysis and comparison on time-lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 is injected, identifying the superposition relation of CO 2 distribution and special geologic bodies, and determining the spatial variation of CO 2 sequestration, thereby achieving the purpose of performing CO 2 sequestration variation analysis by using time-lapse seismic attribute differences. |2. The method of identifying marine carbon sequestration changes based on time lapse seismic attribute differences as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the step B comprises the following steps:| Step B1, identifying key stratum of the carbon sequestration target zone based on the seismic data before CO 2 injection: | Combining regional construction background and deposition characteristic analysis, identifying a key stratum of a target area based on logging and core data, including sandstone, mudstone layers and thickness and contact relation thereof, combining depth relation during synthetic seismic recording, determining the position of the key stratum of the sand layer of the target area on the seismic data and carrying out horizon tracking on the key stratum during double-pass travel; finely explaining a continuous sand layer in a salty water layer and a mudstone stratum above the continuous sand layer, identifying special geologic bodies found on a seismic section at the same position after CO 2 is injected, and analyzing the change characteristics of key stratum of a target area; | And B2, carrying out attribute analysis on the key stratum, and determining reflection characteristics of the special geologic body identified by the seismic data before CO 2 injection: | Based on double-pass time of a critical stratum of a target area of fine explanation, respectively extracting coherent attribute and root mean square amplitude attribute of continuous sandstone and mudstone stratum in seismic data acquired before CO 2 is injected, judging abnormal response of special geologic bodies, and identifying existing special geologic bodies and distribution of the target area before injection; a typical seismic section is selected, and the number and the shape of special geologic bodies in a target area and for the development of an upper cover layer are determined according to the abnormal response of the typical seismic section. |3. The method of identifying marine carbon sequestration changes based on time lapse seismic attribute differences as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the step C1 is specifically realized by adopting the following modes:| Loading the double-pass time-lapse data of the precisely interpreted target area key stratum into time-lapse seismic data acquired after CO 2 is injected, and extracting root mean square amplitude attribute for the target area key stratum; firstly, determining a region with strong root mean square amplitude and transverse distribution of more than 45 meters aiming at a key stratum; secondly, comparing the double-pass time-lapse change of the key stratum of the target area, determining an area with the double-pass time-lapse change of more than 5ms, and comparing the change area of root mean square amplitude attribute of the same key stratum before and after injection, wherein the change area is the transverse diffusion range of injected CO 2 in the sand layer; and finally, carrying out contrast analysis one by one on the critical stratum which is precisely interpreted in the target area, and determining strong amplitude abnormal distribution of different critical strata. |4. The method of identifying marine carbon sequestration changes based on time lapse seismic attribute differences as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the step D comprises the following steps:| B1, overlapping the target region key stratum morphology reflected by double-pass time passing of the top and the bottom of the sand layer which is precisely explained in the step B1 by means of spatial spreading after CO 2 is injected into the target region key stratum and identifying special geologic bodies, and qualitatively analyzing the influence of the top and the bottom of the sand layer on CO 2 sealing by means of spatial spreading change of CO 2 and space-time relationship of the special geologic bodies; | And then, combining time-lapse seismic attribute abnormality indication faults, time generated by a tubular structure and intensity change of an amplitude attribute, qualitatively analyzing the influence of special geologic bodies on the CO 2 injection and storage of the marine sand, and judging the CO 2 storage condition. |5. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the method of identifying marine carbon sequestration variants based on time lapse seismic attribute differences as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4. | (CN118011497)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine carbon leakage monitoring, and particularly relates to a method and a medium for identifying marine carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean has an important role in carbon neutralization, stores about 93% of carbon dioxide (CO 2) on the earth, is the largest active carbon reservoir on the earth, reserves huge fossil energy resources rich in carbon, develops the negative emission of the ocean, and has great significance in realizing carbon neutralization. The dissolved carbon pump, the carbonate pump and the biological pump are main ocean carbon storage mechanisms, sand strata with saturated water deposited on the formations of the ocean area on the coast are called as brine layers, when ocean carbon sequestration is carried out, the original fluid in the brine layers is replaced by injecting liquid CO2, so that a large amount of liquid CO2 is sequestered in the brine layers, and therefore, the brine layers are one of the favorable targets of ocean CO 2 sequestration.|[0003] Under the influence of structural movement, CO 2 seals up a target area to develop a salty water layer, and simultaneously develop a large number of special geologic bodies such as faults, cracks, tubular structures and the like, and early researches show that the attribute (such as amplitude, coherence, frequency and the like) of the reflection earthquake is an effective means for identifying the fluid, sand and faults in the stratum. When the ocean brine layer is subjected to CO2 sealing, as CO 2 is continuously injected into a target area, formation pressure changes, injected CO 2 flows in the brine layer, CO 2 is not only laterally diffused along the formation, but also vertically leaked at faults, cracks and tubular structures, but the brine layer may be affected by faults, gas chimneys and the like to cause local changes of physical properties in the formation, and the spatial flow of injected CO 2 is affected. If CO 2 continuously leaks upwards, the leakage will be to the sea floor, which not only affects the marine environment, but also makes it difficult to realize effective sequestration of CO 2. Therefore, the sealing of the ocean salty water layer CO 2 is developed, the spatial change of the sealing CO 2 in the key stratum and the leakage condition of the sealing CO 2 are mastered in time, and the sealing effect of the ocean salty water layer CO 2 is guaranteed.|[0004] Currently, research on sealing up of the ocean brine layer CO 2 has been carried out for many years, and the prior art includes monitoring sea surface leakage caused by CO 2 injected into the brine layer by using satellite data, or through downhole temperature and pressure measurement, but these means cannot intuitively reflect a series of problems such as time-dependent changes of CO 2 injection in the brine layer, environmental risks and the like, such as whether leakage of CO 2 occurs, preferential leakage to which stratum is caused after CO 2 is injected into a target area, whether new faults are generated in the stratum along with the increase of the injection amount of CO2, and the like. The changes can rapidly judge the penetration condition of CO 2 and the influence of the penetration condition on a salt water layer through the seismic data acquired before and after CO2 injection.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention provides a method and a medium for identifying marine carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the sequestration leakage condition of a marine salty water layer CO 2 is difficult to identify, the diffusion change of CO 2 in the salty water layer after injection is difficult to identify, the accurate identification of the upward leakage position is difficult to identify, and the like, and the marine CO 2 sequestration and leakage occurrence prediction is realized by comparing the time-lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 injection and the abnormal change of various seismic attributes of the same stratum in a target area before and after the salty water layer is injected into CO 2.|[0006] The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for identifying marine carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference, wherein the favorable stratum for marine carbon sequestration is a sand layer of saturated water, also called a salty water layer:|[0007] Firstly, determining a salty water layer which can be sealed according to geological background and sedimentary characteristics of a target area, selecting a key stratum and a special geologic body which are sealed by ocean carbon, finely explaining the collected seismic data before CO2 injection, determining the thickness and distribution of the key stratum of the target area, including the top stratum and the bottom stratum of the salty water layer, an internal continuous sand layer, a mud-rich layer and the like, describing the morphological characteristics of the key stratum, and identifying the special geologic body such as a fault, a crack, a tubular structure and the like of the key stratum by utilizing a coherence attribute; |[0008] Secondly, analyzing the time-lapse seismic data volume acquired after CO 2 is injected, namely analyzing the time-lapse characteristics of various seismic attributes which cause acquisition of seismic data at different time after CO 2 is injected, and judging whether CO 2 leaks or not and the influence of the CO 2 on a salt water layer; |[0009] And finally, carrying out fusion analysis on the double-pass time-lapse morphology of the key stratum, the identified special geologic body, the root mean square amplitude, the coherent attribute abnormal change region and the like, and rapidly identifying the CO 2 sealing change of the marine salty water layer based on attribute change and the newly formed special geologic body relationship after CO2 injection. |[0010] The present invention additionally provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for execution by a processor of the above-described method of identifying marine carbon sequestration changes based on time lapse seismic attribute differences.|[0011] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|[0012] According to the method, the abnormality caused by fluid can be identified in space by means of three-dimensional seismic data, the time-varying characteristics of the same phenomenon are revealed by combining time-lapse seismic data, the method is creatively applied to the sealing and identification of the marine salty water layer CO 2, the seismic attribute change is caused by considering the injection quantity of CO 2, a new special geologic body can be possibly generated, the characteristics of time-lapse seismic are fully utilized, the distribution and upward leakage condition of the CO 2 after sealing and storage can be rapidly judged by providing various attribute abnormalities, drilling and placing observation equipment are not needed in the injection target area, the leakage of the CO 2 sealing and the rapid judgment of the spatial spread of the CO 2 can be remotely carried out by utilizing the attribute change of the acquired seismic data, and the method has higher practical application and popularization value. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0013] FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying a CO 2 sequestration change in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;|[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of seismic profiles acquired before and after CO 2 is injected into a marine carbon sequestration target zone in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is before injection and (b) is after injection; |[0015] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of root mean square amplitude attribute analysis of time lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 injection in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a 1) is 1994 before injection, (a 2) is 1999 after injection, (a 3) is 2004 after injection, (a 4) is 2010 after injection, (b 1) is 1994 before injection, (b 2) is 1999 after injection, (b 3) is 2004 after injection, and (b 4) is 2010 after injection; |[0016] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a correlation attribute analysis comparison of time lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 injection in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is a typical seismic section formed by tubular structures at the same position in the saline water layer, and (b) is a plane view of coherence properties in the saline water layer; |[0017] FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a two-way travel time of the top and bottom aspects of a salt water layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the top two-way travel time and (b) is the bottom two-way travel time. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0018] In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.|[0019] In embodiment 1, considering that various data of a marine salty water layer CO 2 sealing area have been acquired internationally, such as a norway basin Sleipner carbon sealing area, the embodiment creatively proposes that on the basis of time-lapse seismic data change (seismic data of the same area acquired by the same mode in different time is called time-lapse seismic data), the amplitude change characteristics of the seismic data acquired in different years before and after CO 2 is injected are fully utilized, the change of the seismic attribute of the target area injected CO 2 to a key stratum and the change of the stratum reflection characteristic with time are identified, and the difference of spatial distribution of CO 2 in the key stratum of the target area is researched according to the change of the marine salty water layer with the CO 2 injection amount by attribute analysis of the time-lapse seismic data, the influence factors of diffusion of injected CO 2 in different stratum are analyzed, so that the sealing and leakage condition of the marine salty water layer CO 2 is rapidly identified and judged.|[0020] Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes a method for identifying a marine carbon sequestration change based on time lapse seismic attribute differences, where carbon refers to carbon dioxide (CO 2), the method comprising the steps of:|[0021] step A, basic data acquisition and collection: |[0022] Firstly, collecting seismic data of marine CO 2 in a target area, collecting logging, rock core, stratum layering and horizon interpretation data of the target area, injecting CO2 position and the like, and analyzing stratum which can be subjected to CO2 sealing in the target area and stratum structures of the target area, such as a top interface, a bottom interface and a strong amplitude horizon in the CO2 sealing stratum; in this embodiment, three-dimensional seismic data before CO 2 is injected, which is acquired in 1994, are acquired in 1999, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010, and three-dimensional seismic data after CO 2 is injected, and analysis of seismic reflection characteristics and special geological anomalies is performed based on attribute analysis of the seismic data of the target area, and double-pass time-lapse data of a key stratum of a salt water layer is obtained by combining the structure of the target area and a deposition background to assist in analysis. |[0023] Step B, CO 2 interpretation and analysis of the pre-injection acquired data: the method comprises the steps of performing fine interpretation on seismic data acquired before CO 2 injection of a key stratum of a target area to obtain double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum, wherein the key stratum refers to a top-bottom reflection interface of CO2 injection of a salty water layer of the target area, identifying stratum which are between the top-bottom reflection interfaces, have strong seismic amplitude and are continuous, particularly, locally and suddenly have strong amplitude reflection, and finely interpreting the double-pass time-lapse data of the abnormally obvious stratum; extracting properties such as coherence, root mean square amplitude and the like along each key stratum, wherein the time window for extracting the properties is different in size, aiming at any key stratum, special geologic bodies such as faults, cracks, tubular channels, local elevation and the like are identified aiming at the property changes, and the abnormal reflection characteristics such as phase axis dislocation, arch up, pull down and the like existing in a target area are analyzed for the reflection interface characteristics of different strata;|[0024] step B1: identifying key strata of a brine layer based on seismic data acquired before CO2 injection: |[0025] And C, combining regional construction background and deposition characteristic analysis, identifying sandstone, mudstone layers and thickness and contact relation of the sandstone, mudstone layers contained in the salty water layer of the target area based on the logging and core data in the step A, determining the position of a key stratum in the salty water layer of the target area on the seismic data and double-pass time, and carrying out horizon tracking on the key stratum, wherein the key stratum comprises a key stratum with continuous reflection between the top and bottom of the salty water layer and a top-bottom interface, a mudstone stratum with relatively continuous upper part of the salty water layer and the like. |[0026] Step B2: performing fine interpretation and attribute analysis on the key stratum identified in the step B1, and determining reflection characteristics of the special geologic body identified by the seismic data before CO 2 is injected (such as 1994);|[0027] Based on the recognition of the critical stratum, the two-way time of the precisely interpreted critical stratum, respectively extracting coherence attribute and root mean square amplitude attribute of the seismic data acquired before CO 2 injection along the critical stratum (such as H1 to H6 stratum), wherein the time window is about 10ms according to the amplitude anomaly time range and taking the coverage anomaly range as a selection basis; judging abnormal responses of special geologic bodies such as faults, cracks, tubular structures and the like by using a traditional technology, and identifying the existing special geologic bodies and distribution of a target area before injection; and (3) selecting a typical seismic section, determining the number and the form of special geologic bodies such as tubular structures, faults and the like which are developed in the key stratum and the upper cover layer of the saline water layer according to the abnormal response of the typical seismic section, such as the characteristics of the same-phase axial dislocation, the upper arch or the lower pull, and the like, and identifying the tubular structures, faults and the like which are transversely larger than 50m and vertically influence two adjacent key stratum so as to analyze the influence of the special geologic bodies on the CO 2 stored in the saline water layer. |[0028] And C, explaining and analyzing the seismic data acquired after CO 2 injection for a plurality of years: loading the critical stratum which is precisely explained in the step B, such as a top-bottom interface of a salty water layer, particularly a strong amplitude reflection stratum which locally appears, and the like, into seismic data (time-lapse seismic) acquired at different time after CO 2 is injected, mainly analyzing the critical stratum which is obviously deviated in double-pass time after CO2 is injected, analyzing the difference of the deviation in double-pass time on the seismic data acquired at different time, carrying out root mean square amplitude attribute and coherence attribute analysis along the critical stratum, mainly utilizing attribute abnormality to identify whether new special geologic bodies such as faults and tubular structures are generated or not, comparing the difference of the identified special geologic bodies at different stratum with the positions of the faults, cracks and tubular channels identified in the step B1, and judging the change of the special geologic bodies identified by the critical stratum after CO 2 is injected so as to analyze the influence on the stratum after CO 2 is injected;|[0029] step C1, extracting amplitude attribute along the key stratum based on the double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum which is explained in the step B by utilizing the seismic data acquired after CO 2 is injected, wherein the time window size is the same as that of the same stratum in which the seismic data is acquired before CO 2 is injected, and delineating an abnormal seismic amplitude area caused by CO 2 injection: |[0030] And B, loading the double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum which is explained in the step B into the time-lapse seismic data which are acquired after CO 2 is injected, and respectively extracting root mean square amplitude attribute for the strata from H1 to H6, wherein the time window is 10ms as shown in figure 2. Firstly, aiming at a key stratum, determining that the root mean square amplitude becomes strong and the transverse distribution can identify an abnormal range, and determining the transverse size according to the fine identification requirement, wherein the root mean square amplitude variation area is larger than 45 meters; secondly, comparing the double-pass time of the key stratum, determining the up-down change size and the change range of the double-pass time of the key stratum, determining the time size according to the fine recognition requirement, recognizing a change area greater than 5ms in the embodiment, and comparing the root mean square amplitude attribute change area of the same key stratum before and after injection, wherein the change area is an abnormal area causing the seismic amplitude change after CO 2 is injected, namely the CO 2 transverse diffusion range; finally, aiming at key stratum such as H3 to H6, etc., comparing and analyzing one by one to determine abnormal distribution of different stratum. |[0031] Step C2, based on the seismic data acquired after CO 2 is injected, based on the double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum which is explained in detail in the step B, carrying out coherent attribute analysis along the key stratum, wherein the size of a selected time window is the same as that of a time window for analyzing the same stratum and extracting amplitude attribute in the step C1, and identifying the distribution of faults, tubular structures and the like newly generated due to CO 2 injection;|[0032] Firstly, loading the double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum in the step B into the seismic data acquired at different time after CO 2 is injected, and extracting the coherence attribute along the key stratum, wherein the time window is 10ms. And secondly, selecting a stratum with large root mean square amplitude variation of the key stratum, wherein the amplitude of the stratum is rapidly increased in a short time compared with that of surrounding stratum, analyzing the coherence attribute variation of the stratum, and judging the influence on a salt water layer after CO 2 is injected according to the size of the coherence attribute value and the plane variation characteristic. If the coherence value obtained after CO 2 is injected is significantly changed from the coherence value in step B, for example, the coherence value before injection is 0.3, the coherence value after injection is 0.6, and different shapes of banding and circular shapes appear on the coherence attribute plane, and these shapes indicate that special geologic bodies such as faults, tubular structures and the like are generated in the saline water layer. |[0033] And C3, comparing seismic data acquired at different time after CO 2 injection, and comprehensively analyzing the key stratum attribute abnormal region of the target region:|[0034] C1 and C2, identifying newly generated special geologic bodies and amplitude abnormal areas in the key stratum based on the root mean square amplitude attribute and the coherence attribute change identified in the step C1 and C2, overlapping, and analyzing the influence of CO 2 on a salty water layer after injection; |[0035] firstly, comparing the coherence attribute changes of time-lapse seismic data acquired in the same layer and the same position, and analyzing whether the coherence abnormality has a shape change along with time, such as evolution from a strip shape to a round shape (figure 4), wherein the change of the coherence shape indicates that CO 2 injection has an influence on a stratum reflection structure in a saline water layer; each key stratum is analyzed one by one to identify new fractures, faults, tubular formations, etc. of the key stratum after injection. |[0036] Secondly, comparing root mean square amplitude attribute changes of time-lapse seismic data acquired in the same layer and the same position, identifying spatial change characteristics and distribution of seismic data amplitude anomaly areas acquired at different times after CO 2 is injected, further describing migration conditions of CO 2 in a saline water layer, analyzing a special geological relationship between spatial distribution of CO 2 and the identification of step C2, and mainly comparing superposition conditions of newly generated faults, tubular structures and amplitude anomaly ranges and analyzing influences of the superposition conditions.|[0037] Step D, CO 2, performing time-lapse seismic data comprehensive contrast analysis before and after injection: and B, comparing the abnormal range of the seismic attribute in the step B with the abnormal range of the seismic attribute in the step C, overlapping the spatial distribution of the CO 2 marked in the step C with the special geologic body identified in the step B, analyzing the influence relation, and identifying the change of the CO 2 sealing.|[0038] C, overlapping the spatial distribution of the identified CO 2 after injection, the tubular structure and faults which are identified by utilizing the abnormal coherence properties and the like of the various attribute changes such as root mean square amplitude, coherence and the like of the key stratum of the target area identified in the step C with the double-pass time-on forms of the top and the bottom of the salt water layer which are explained in the step B, and qualitatively judging the influence of the forms of the top and the bottom of the salt water layer on CO 2 storage, namely, the transverse migration of CO2 in the salt water layer is mainly distributed at the high point of the top interface and the groove of the local bulge area of the bottom interface of the salt water layer, as shown in figure 5;|[0039] And then combining time-lapse seismic attribute abnormality indication faults, time generated by tubular structures and intensity change of amplitude attributes, in particular analyzing new faults and tubular structures generated after CO2 injection, qualitatively analyzing the influence of the faults and tubular structures on marine CO 2 sequestration, and judging CO 2 sequestration change and leakage conditions according to different time acquisition seismic data attribute differences. |[0040] Embodiment 2, corresponding to embodiment 1, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program to be executed by a processor to perform the method described in embodiment 1.|[0041] The present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more storage media (including disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage) having computer program code embodied therein.|[0042] The invention is described with reference to methods according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each of the flows in the flowchart may be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer programs may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means.|[0043] To further verify the reliability and effectiveness of this scheme, the scheme is characterized by analyzing the root mean square amplitude attribute of the acquired time-lapse seismic data of the target area of the north sea ocean brine layer CO 2, as shown in fig. 3, based on the finely interpreted top-bottom interface of the brine layer and the key stratum (fig. 2 a), selecting seismic data acquired in 1994 before CO 2 injection and seismic data acquired in 1999, 2004 and 2010 after CO 2 injection to extract root mean square amplitude attribute respectively, selecting the finely interpreted H3 stratum to face up for 20ms time window, extracting the root mean square attribute of the time-lapse seismic (fig. 3b2 to 3b 4), characterizing the spatial spread of CO 2 along the layer, and showing a weak amplitude reflection in a circular shape on the seismic profile, indicating that the injected bottom CO 2 is moving from the bottom of the brine layer to the top along the tubular structure. It can be seen that the acquisition of the top and bottom formations of the seismic section aquifer before CO 2 injection is more continuous, whereas the acquisition of the inside of the seismic section aquifer after CO 2 injection (1999, 2004 and 2010) results in locally stronger seismic amplitudes due to CO 2 injection, while the amplitudes of the original faults and their tubular structures and other areas are weaker (fig. 2 b). The strong amplitude range of the seismic profile becomes larger at different times, indicating that the newly created tubular structure after CO 2 injection causes CO 2 at the bottom of the salt water layer to leak to the top.|[0044] In addition, from the analysis of coherence properties of the reflected seismic data acquired from different years, the coherence properties extracted along the H3 formation down the 75ms window are shown in fig. 4, before CO2 injection, the salt water layer top and bottom formations are more continuous, the internal critical formations are more continuous, the key formations are in the upward arch reflection characteristics, and after CO 2 injection (1999, 2004 and 2010) the strong amplitude anomalies of the acquired seismic data have slight pull-down and weak amplitude reflections, indicating upward migration of CO2 fluid; from the perspective of extracting the coherence property along the H3 formation down the 75ms time window after CO 2 injection, since the CO2 injection causes the critical formation reflection anomaly to gradually change from a fault to a tubular structure, the coherence property of the critical formation changes from a stripe to a circular shape, and the newly generated fault and tubular structure are identified, the fault changes from 2004 later, and as the CO 2 injection fault shape gradually changes from a stripe to a circular shape, the influence range of the injected CO2 on the formation changes.|[0045] In combination with the illustration of fig. 5, when the top (a) and bottom (b) of the CO2 saline water layer are injected into the target area and double-pass, different curves are overlapping graphs of the CO 2 distribution areas identified by collecting seismic data after CO2 injection in 1999, 2004 and 2010, overlapping analysis is performed by utilizing the double-pass of the seismic data body collected before and after injection along the target area and the double-pass of the top and bottom of the CO2 saline water layer, and then along the change of root mean square amplitude and coherence properties extracted by the key stratum and the identified tubular structure thereof, so that the CO 2 injection is mainly distributed along the high point of the top of the saline water layer and the groove of the local bulge area, and the tubular structure has an important influence on the vertical migration of CO 2, and the circle in the figure is the tubular structure in the key stratum before and after CO 2 injection. Therefore, the scheme can quickly identify the sealing change and leakage condition of the ocean salty water layer CO 2, and has a good application effect.|[0046] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical content disclosed above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention. | (CN118011497)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine carbon leakage monitoring, and particularly relates to a method and a medium for identifying marine carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean has an important role in carbon neutralization, stores about 93% of carbon dioxide (CO 2) on the earth, is the largest active carbon reservoir on the earth, reserves huge fossil energy resources rich in carbon, develops the negative emission of the ocean, and has great significance in realizing carbon neutralization. The dissolved carbon pump, the carbonate pump and the biological pump are main ocean carbon storage mechanisms, sand strata with saturated water deposited on the formations of the ocean area on the coast are called as brine layers, when ocean carbon sequestration is carried out, the original fluid in the brine layers is replaced by injecting liquid CO2, so that a large amount of liquid CO2 is sequestered in the brine layers, and therefore, the brine layers are one of the favorable targets of ocean CO 2 sequestration.|[0003] Under the influence of structural movement, CO 2 seals up a target area to develop a salty water layer, and simultaneously develop a large number of special geologic bodies such as faults, cracks, tubular structures and the like, and early researches show that the attribute (such as amplitude, coherence, frequency and the like) of the reflection earthquake is an effective means for identifying the fluid, sand and faults in the stratum. When the ocean brine layer is subjected to CO2 sealing, as CO 2 is continuously injected into a target area, formation pressure changes, injected CO 2 flows in the brine layer, CO 2 is not only laterally diffused along the formation, but also vertically leaked at faults, cracks and tubular structures, but the brine layer may be affected by faults, gas chimneys and the like to cause local changes of physical properties in the formation, and the spatial flow of injected CO 2 is affected. If CO 2 continuously leaks upwards, the leakage will be to the sea floor, which not only affects the marine environment, but also makes it difficult to realize effective sequestration of CO 2. Therefore, the sealing of the ocean salty water layer CO 2 is developed, the spatial change of the sealing CO 2 in the key stratum and the leakage condition of the sealing CO 2 are mastered in time, and the sealing effect of the ocean salty water layer CO 2 is guaranteed.|[0004] Currently, research on sealing up of the ocean brine layer CO 2 has been carried out for many years, and the prior art includes monitoring sea surface leakage caused by CO 2 injected into the brine layer by using satellite data, or through downhole temperature and pressure measurement, but these means cannot intuitively reflect a series of problems such as time-dependent changes of CO 2 injection in the brine layer, environmental risks and the like, such as whether leakage of CO 2 occurs, preferential leakage to which stratum is caused after CO 2 is injected into a target area, whether new faults are generated in the stratum along with the increase of the injection amount of CO2, and the like. The changes can rapidly judge the penetration condition of CO 2 and the influence of the penetration condition on a salt water layer through the seismic data acquired before and after CO2 injection.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention provides a method and a medium for identifying marine carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the sequestration leakage condition of a marine salty water layer CO 2 is difficult to identify, the diffusion change of CO 2 in the salty water layer after injection is difficult to identify, the accurate identification of the upward leakage position is difficult to identify, and the like, and the marine CO 2 sequestration and leakage occurrence prediction is realized by comparing the time-lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 injection and the abnormal change of various seismic attributes of the same stratum in a target area before and after the salty water layer is injected into CO 2.|[0006] The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for identifying marine carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference, wherein the favorable stratum for marine carbon sequestration is a sand layer of saturated water, also called a salty water layer:|[0007] Firstly, determining a salty water layer which can be sealed according to geological background and sedimentary characteristics of a target area, selecting a key stratum and a special geologic body which are sealed by ocean carbon, finely explaining the collected seismic data before CO2 injection, determining the thickness and distribution of the key stratum of the target area, including the top stratum and the bottom stratum of the salty water layer, an internal continuous sand layer, a mud-rich layer and the like, describing the morphological characteristics of the key stratum, and identifying the special geologic body such as a fault, a crack, a tubular structure and the like of the key stratum by utilizing a coherence attribute; |[0008] Secondly, analyzing the time-lapse seismic data volume acquired after CO 2 is injected, namely analyzing the time-lapse characteristics of various seismic attributes which cause acquisition of seismic data at different time after CO 2 is injected, and judging whether CO 2 leaks or not and the influence of the CO 2 on a salt water layer; |[0009] And finally, carrying out fusion analysis on the double-pass time-lapse morphology of the key stratum, the identified special geologic body, the root mean square amplitude, the coherent attribute abnormal change region and the like, and rapidly identifying the CO 2 sealing change of the marine salty water layer based on attribute change and the newly formed special geologic body relationship after CO2 injection. |[0010] The present invention additionally provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for execution by a processor of the above-described method of identifying marine carbon sequestration changes based on time lapse seismic attribute differences.|[0011] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|[0012] According to the method, the abnormality caused by fluid can be identified in space by means of three-dimensional seismic data, the time-varying characteristics of the same phenomenon are revealed by combining time-lapse seismic data, the method is creatively applied to the sealing and identification of the marine salty water layer CO 2, the seismic attribute change is caused by considering the injection quantity of CO 2, a new special geologic body can be possibly generated, the characteristics of time-lapse seismic are fully utilized, the distribution and upward leakage condition of the CO 2 after sealing and storage can be rapidly judged by providing various attribute abnormalities, drilling and placing observation equipment are not needed in the injection target area, the leakage of the CO 2 sealing and the rapid judgment of the spatial spread of the CO 2 can be remotely carried out by utilizing the attribute change of the acquired seismic data, and the method has higher practical application and popularization value. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0013] FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying a CO 2 sequestration change in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;|[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of seismic profiles acquired before and after CO 2 is injected into a marine carbon sequestration target zone in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is before injection and (b) is after injection; |[0015] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of root mean square amplitude attribute analysis of time lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 injection in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a 1) is 1994 before injection, (a 2) is 1999 after injection, (a 3) is 2004 after injection, (a 4) is 2010 after injection, (b 1) is 1994 before injection, (b 2) is 1999 after injection, (b 3) is 2004 after injection, and (b 4) is 2010 after injection; |[0016] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a correlation attribute analysis comparison of time lapse seismic data acquired before and after CO 2 injection in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is a typical seismic section formed by tubular structures at the same position in the saline water layer, and (b) is a plane view of coherence properties in the saline water layer; |[0017] FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a two-way travel time of the top and bottom aspects of a salt water layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the top two-way travel time and (b) is the bottom two-way travel time. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0018] In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.|[0019] In embodiment 1, considering that various data of a marine salty water layer CO 2 sealing area have been acquired internationally, such as a norway basin Sleipner carbon sealing area, the embodiment creatively proposes that on the basis of time-lapse seismic data change (seismic data of the same area acquired by the same mode in different time is called time-lapse seismic data), the amplitude change characteristics of the seismic data acquired in different years before and after CO 2 is injected are fully utilized, the change of the seismic attribute of the target area injected CO 2 to a key stratum and the change of the stratum reflection characteristic with time are identified, and the difference of spatial distribution of CO 2 in the key stratum of the target area is researched according to the change of the marine salty water layer with the CO 2 injection amount by attribute analysis of the time-lapse seismic data, the influence factors of diffusion of injected CO 2 in different stratum are analyzed, so that the sealing and leakage condition of the marine salty water layer CO 2 is rapidly identified and judged.|[0020] Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes a method for identifying a marine carbon sequestration change based on time lapse seismic attribute differences, where carbon refers to carbon dioxide (CO 2), the method comprising the steps of:|[0021] step A, basic data acquisition and collection: |[0022] Firstly, collecting seismic data of marine CO 2 in a target area, collecting logging, rock core, stratum layering and horizon interpretation data of the target area, injecting CO2 position and the like, and analyzing stratum which can be subjected to CO2 sealing in the target area and stratum structures of the target area, such as a top interface, a bottom interface and a strong amplitude horizon in the CO2 sealing stratum; in this embodiment, three-dimensional seismic data before CO 2 is injected, which is acquired in 1994, are acquired in 1999, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010, and three-dimensional seismic data after CO 2 is injected, and analysis of seismic reflection characteristics and special geological anomalies is performed based on attribute analysis of the seismic data of the target area, and double-pass time-lapse data of a key stratum of a salt water layer is obtained by combining the structure of the target area and a deposition background to assist in analysis. |[0023] Step B, CO 2 interpretation and analysis of the pre-injection acquired data: the method comprises the steps of performing fine interpretation on seismic data acquired before CO 2 injection of a key stratum of a target area to obtain double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum, wherein the key stratum refers to a top-bottom reflection interface of CO2 injection of a salty water layer of the target area, identifying stratum which are between the top-bottom reflection interfaces, have strong seismic amplitude and are continuous, particularly, locally and suddenly have strong amplitude reflection, and finely interpreting the double-pass time-lapse data of the abnormally obvious stratum; extracting properties such as coherence, root mean square amplitude and the like along each key stratum, wherein the time window for extracting the properties is different in size, aiming at any key stratum, special geologic bodies such as faults, cracks, tubular channels, local elevation and the like are identified aiming at the property changes, and the abnormal reflection characteristics such as phase axis dislocation, arch up, pull down and the like existing in a target area are analyzed for the reflection interface characteristics of different strata;|[0024] step B1: identifying key strata of a brine layer based on seismic data acquired before CO2 injection: |[0025] And C, combining regional construction background and deposition characteristic analysis, identifying sandstone, mudstone layers and thickness and contact relation of the sandstone, mudstone layers contained in the salty water layer of the target area based on the logging and core data in the step A, determining the position of a key stratum in the salty water layer of the target area on the seismic data and double-pass time, and carrying out horizon tracking on the key stratum, wherein the key stratum comprises a key stratum with continuous reflection between the top and bottom of the salty water layer and a top-bottom interface, a mudstone stratum with relatively continuous upper part of the salty water layer and the like. |[0026] Step B2: performing fine interpretation and attribute analysis on the key stratum identified in the step B1, and determining reflection characteristics of the special geologic body identified by the seismic data before CO 2 is injected (such as 1994);|[0027] Based on the recognition of the critical stratum, the two-way time of the precisely interpreted critical stratum, respectively extracting coherence attribute and root mean square amplitude attribute of the seismic data acquired before CO 2 injection along the critical stratum (such as H1 to H6 stratum), wherein the time window is about 10ms according to the amplitude anomaly time range and taking the coverage anomaly range as a selection basis; judging abnormal responses of special geologic bodies such as faults, cracks, tubular structures and the like by using a traditional technology, and identifying the existing special geologic bodies and distribution of a target area before injection; and (3) selecting a typical seismic section, determining the number and the form of special geologic bodies such as tubular structures, faults and the like which are developed in the key stratum and the upper cover layer of the saline water layer according to the abnormal response of the typical seismic section, such as the characteristics of the same-phase axial dislocation, the upper arch or the lower pull, and the like, and identifying the tubular structures, faults and the like which are transversely larger than 50m and vertically influence two adjacent key stratum so as to analyze the influence of the special geologic bodies on the CO 2 stored in the saline water layer. |[0028] And C, explaining and analyzing the seismic data acquired after CO 2 injection for a plurality of years: loading the critical stratum which is precisely explained in the step B, such as a top-bottom interface of a salty water layer, particularly a strong amplitude reflection stratum which locally appears, and the like, into seismic data (time-lapse seismic) acquired at different time after CO 2 is injected, mainly analyzing the critical stratum which is obviously deviated in double-pass time after CO2 is injected, analyzing the difference of the deviation in double-pass time on the seismic data acquired at different time, carrying out root mean square amplitude attribute and coherence attribute analysis along the critical stratum, mainly utilizing attribute abnormality to identify whether new special geologic bodies such as faults and tubular structures are generated or not, comparing the difference of the identified special geologic bodies at different stratum with the positions of the faults, cracks and tubular channels identified in the step B1, and judging the change of the special geologic bodies identified by the critical stratum after CO 2 is injected so as to analyze the influence on the stratum after CO 2 is injected;|[0029] step C1, extracting amplitude attribute along the key stratum based on the double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum which is explained in the step B by utilizing the seismic data acquired after CO 2 is injected, wherein the time window size is the same as that of the same stratum in which the seismic data is acquired before CO 2 is injected, and delineating an abnormal seismic amplitude area caused by CO 2 injection: |[0030] And B, loading the double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum which is explained in the step B into the time-lapse seismic data which are acquired after CO 2 is injected, and respectively extracting root mean square amplitude attribute for the strata from H1 to H6, wherein the time window is 10ms as shown in figure 2. Firstly, aiming at a key stratum, determining that the root mean square amplitude becomes strong and the transverse distribution can identify an abnormal range, and determining the transverse size according to the fine identification requirement, wherein the root mean square amplitude variation area is larger than 45 meters; secondly, comparing the double-pass time of the key stratum, determining the up-down change size and the change range of the double-pass time of the key stratum, determining the time size according to the fine recognition requirement, recognizing a change area greater than 5ms in the embodiment, and comparing the root mean square amplitude attribute change area of the same key stratum before and after injection, wherein the change area is an abnormal area causing the seismic amplitude change after CO 2 is injected, namely the CO 2 transverse diffusion range; finally, aiming at key stratum such as H3 to H6, etc., comparing and analyzing one by one to determine abnormal distribution of different stratum. |[0031] Step C2, based on the seismic data acquired after CO 2 is injected, based on the double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum which is explained in detail in the step B, carrying out coherent attribute analysis along the key stratum, wherein the size of a selected time window is the same as that of a time window for analyzing the same stratum and extracting amplitude attribute in the step C1, and identifying the distribution of faults, tubular structures and the like newly generated due to CO 2 injection;|[0032] Firstly, loading the double-pass time-lapse data of the key stratum in the step B into the seismic data acquired at different time after CO 2 is injected, and extracting the coherence attribute along the key stratum, wherein the time window is 10ms. And secondly, selecting a stratum with large root mean square amplitude variation of the key stratum, wherein the amplitude of the stratum is rapidly increased in a short time compared with that of surrounding stratum, analyzing the coherence attribute variation of the stratum, and judging the influence on a salt water layer after CO 2 is injected according to the size of the coherence attribute value and the plane variation characteristic. If the coherence value obtained after CO 2 is injected is significantly changed from the coherence value in step B, for example, the coherence value before injection is 0.3, the coherence value after injection is 0.6, and different shapes of banding and circular shapes appear on the coherence attribute plane, and these shapes indicate that special geologic bodies such as faults, tubular structures and the like are generated in the saline water layer. |[0033] And C3, comparing seismic data acquired at different time after CO 2 injection, and comprehensively analyzing the key stratum attribute abnormal region of the target region:|[0034] C1 and C2, identifying newly generated special geologic bodies and amplitude abnormal areas in the key stratum based on the root mean square amplitude attribute and the coherence attribute change identified in the step C1 and C2, overlapping, and analyzing the influence of CO 2 on a salty water layer after injection; |[0035] firstly, comparing the coherence attribute changes of time-lapse seismic data acquired in the same layer and the same position, and analyzing whether the coherence abnormality has a shape change along with time, such as evolution from a strip shape to a round shape (figure 4), wherein the change of the coherence shape indicates that CO 2 injection has an influence on a stratum reflection structure in a saline water layer; each key stratum is analyzed one by one to identify new fractures, faults, tubular formations, etc. of the key stratum after injection. |[0036] Secondly, comparing root mean square amplitude attribute changes of time-lapse seismic data acquired in the same layer and the same position, identifying spatial change characteristics and distribution of seismic data amplitude anomaly areas acquired at different times after CO 2 is injected, further describing migration conditions of CO 2 in a saline water layer, analyzing a special geological relationship between spatial distribution of CO 2 and the identification of step C2, and mainly comparing superposition conditions of newly generated faults, tubular structures and amplitude anomaly ranges and analyzing influences of the superposition conditions.|[0037] Step D, CO 2, performing time-lapse seismic data comprehensive contrast analysis before and after injection: and B, comparing the abnormal range of the seismic attribute in the step B with the abnormal range of the seismic attribute in the step C, overlapping the spatial distribution of the CO 2 marked in the step C with the special geologic body identified in the step B, analyzing the influence relation, and identifying the change of the CO 2 sealing.|[0038] C, overlapping the spatial distribution of the identified CO 2 after injection, the tubular structure and faults which are identified by utilizing the abnormal coherence properties and the like of the various attribute changes such as root mean square amplitude, coherence and the like of the key stratum of the target area identified in the step C with the double-pass time-on forms of the top and the bottom of the salt water layer which are explained in the step B, and qualitatively judging the influence of the forms of the top and the bottom of the salt water layer on CO 2 storage, namely, the transverse migration of CO2 in the salt water layer is mainly distributed at the high point of the top interface and the groove of the local bulge area of the bottom interface of the salt water layer, as shown in figure 5;|[0039] And then combining time-lapse seismic attribute abnormality indication faults, time generated by tubular structures and intensity change of amplitude attributes, in particular analyzing new faults and tubular structures generated after CO2 injection, qualitatively analyzing the influence of the faults and tubular structures on marine CO 2 sequestration, and judging CO 2 sequestration change and leakage conditions according to different time acquisition seismic data attribute differences. |[0040] Embodiment 2, corresponding to embodiment 1, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program to be executed by a processor to perform the method described in embodiment 1.|[0041] The present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more storage media (including disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage) having computer program code embodied therein.|[0042] The invention is described with reference to methods according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each of the flows in the flowchart may be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer programs may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means.|[0043] To further verify the reliability and effectiveness of this scheme, the scheme is characterized by analyzing the root mean square amplitude attribute of the acquired time-lapse seismic data of the target area of the north sea ocean brine layer CO 2, as shown in fig. 3, based on the finely interpreted top-bottom interface of the brine layer and the key stratum (fig. 2 a), selecting seismic data acquired in 1994 before CO 2 injection and seismic data acquired in 1999, 2004 and 2010 after CO 2 injection to extract root mean square amplitude attribute respectively, selecting the finely interpreted H3 stratum to face up for 20ms time window, extracting the root mean square attribute of the time-lapse seismic (fig. 3b2 to 3b 4), characterizing the spatial spread of CO 2 along the layer, and showing a weak amplitude reflection in a circular shape on the seismic profile, indicating that the injected bottom CO 2 is moving from the bottom of the brine layer to the top along the tubular structure. It can be seen that the acquisition of the top and bottom formations of the seismic section aquifer before CO 2 injection is more continuous, whereas the acquisition of the inside of the seismic section aquifer after CO 2 injection (1999, 2004 and 2010) results in locally stronger seismic amplitudes due to CO 2 injection, while the amplitudes of the original faults and their tubular structures and other areas are weaker (fig. 2 b). The strong amplitude range of the seismic profile becomes larger at different times, indicating that the newly created tubular structure after CO 2 injection causes CO 2 at the bottom of the salt water layer to leak to the top.|[0044] In addition, from the analysis of coherence properties of the reflected seismic data acquired from different years, the coherence properties extracted along the H3 formation down the 75ms window are shown in fig. 4, before CO2 injection, the salt water layer top and bottom formations are more continuous, the internal critical formations are more continuous, the key formations are in the upward arch reflection characteristics, and after CO 2 injection (1999, 2004 and 2010) the strong amplitude anomalies of the acquired seismic data have slight pull-down and weak amplitude reflections, indicating upward migration of CO2 fluid; from the perspective of extracting the coherence property along the H3 formation down the 75ms time window after CO 2 injection, since the CO2 injection causes the critical formation reflection anomaly to gradually change from a fault to a tubular structure, the coherence property of the critical formation changes from a stripe to a circular shape, and the newly generated fault and tubular structure are identified, the fault changes from 2004 later, and as the CO 2 injection fault shape gradually changes from a stripe to a circular shape, the influence range of the injected CO2 on the formation changes.|[0045] In combination with the illustration of fig. 5, when the top (a) and bottom (b) of the CO2 saline water layer are injected into the target area and double-pass, different curves are overlapping graphs of the CO 2 distribution areas identified by collecting seismic data after CO2 injection in 1999, 2004 and 2010, overlapping analysis is performed by utilizing the double-pass of the seismic data body collected before and after injection along the target area and the double-pass of the top and bottom of the CO2 saline water layer, and then along the change of root mean square amplitude and coherence properties extracted by the key stratum and the identified tubular structure thereof, so that the CO 2 injection is mainly distributed along the high point of the top of the saline water layer and the groove of the local bulge area, and the tubular structure has an important influence on the vertical migration of CO 2, and the circle in the figure is the tubular structure in the key stratum before and after CO 2 injection. Therefore, the scheme can quickly identify the sealing change and leakage condition of the ocean salty water layer CO 2, and has a good application effect.|[0046] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical content disclosed above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention. | Family Number|(109742838)|109742838|Abstract|(CN118011497B B)|The invention provides a method for identifying ocean carbon sequestration change based on time - lapse seismic attribute difference and a medium , and belongs to the field of ocean carbon sequestration . According to the method , on the basis of seismic data before CO2 is injected into a target area , the two - way travel time change and difference of a salt water layer and a key stratum in the salt water layer are finely analyzed ; attributes such as root - mean - square amplitudes and coherence are extracted along different key stratums , changes of the root - mean - square amplitudes and the coherence attributes of time - lapse seismic data are compared , special geologic bodies such as faults , fractures and tubular structures newly formed after CO2 injection are identified , and by comparing planes and vertical abnormal changes of the root - mean - square amplitudes and the coherence attributes of the seismic data before and after CO2 injection , the time - lapse seismic data are identified . According to the method , on the basis of the influence and action relation of fractures and tubular structure distribution in the key stratum on lithology , in combination with spatial distribution of CO2 injected into the key stratum , CO2 sequestration change recognition is achieved , and the method is accurate , reliable and high in recognition precision and has wide practical application and popularization value . |Title|(CN118011497 A)|Method for identifying ocean carbon sequestration change based on time - lapse seismic attribute difference and medium |(CN118011497B B)|Method and medium for identifying ocean carbon sequestration change based on time - lapse seismic attribute difference | | Measurement | G01V-001/28|G01V-001/30/2|G01V-001/38 | G01V-001/28|G01V-001/30/2|G01V-001/38 | G01V-001/28|G01V-001/30|G01V-001/38 | G01V-001/28|G01V-001/30|G01V-001/38 | CN117233859|CN115877452|CN115657121|US11852771|CN115016030|CN111337980|CN106842326|CN104678438|US20160146969|CN102313790|US20110196613 | CN117233859 107774967 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN115877452 104382673 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN115657121 103632809 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US11852771 101568289 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN115016030 101657210 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN111337980 89460290 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN106842326 76428454 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN104678438 69506083 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20160146969 73094899 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN102313790 7542434 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20110196613 4186886 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | HAOFAN WANGL,ET AL: "Time-lapse seismic analysis for Gao89 area of CO2-EOR project in SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield, China", 《ENERGY PROCEDIA》, 31 December 2017 (2017-12-31), pages 3981 - 3988 (Cat. X)|Time-lapse seismic analysis for Gao89 area of CO2-EOR project in SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield, China;Haofan WangL，et al;《Energy Procedia》;20171231;第3981-3988页 (Cat. X) | US20110196613; CN102313790; CN104678438; US20160146969; CN106842326; CN111337980; CN115016030; CN115657121; CN115877452; CN117233859; US11852771 | GRANTED | (CN118011497)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN118011497)|ALIVE | (CN118011497)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN118011497|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-02-06|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2024-02-06|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202410168124|Application date=2024-02-06|Standardized application number=2024CN-0168124|Event publication date=2024-05-10|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118011497|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-05-10|Standardized publication number=CN118011497|Event publication date=2024-05-10|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-05-28|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2024-09-17|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118011497|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2024-09-17|Standardized publication number=CN118011497B|Event publication date=2024-09-17|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN118011497)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSw+0pOlrqcNBj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000074453258&ekey=2346&xpn=CN118011497B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=aJYbw5RetorOEaz7Vts8irmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN118011497)|CN|(CN118011497)|CN | (CN118011497)|NAME=OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN|(CN118011497)|NAME=OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN | (CN118011497)|NAME=WANG DANDAN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335NAME=WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335|(CN118011497)|NAME=WANG DANDAN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335NAME=WAN GUIBIN;QINGDAO HUIZHI HAINA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37335 | (CN118011497)|NAME=WANG XIUJUAN|NAME=LI SANZHONG|NAME=KUANG ZENGGUI|NAME=WANG YAOKUI|NAME=ZHU ZHENYU|NAME=ZHOU JILIN|NAME=SUO YANHUI|NAME=DENG WEI|NAME=GUAN HONGXIANG|NAME=ZHANG ZHENGYI|(CN118011497)|NAME=WANG XIUJUAN|NAME=LI SANZHONG|NAME=KUANG ZENGGUI|NAME=WANG YAOKUI|NAME=ZHU ZHENYU|NAME=ZHOU JILIN|NAME=SUO YANHUI|NAME=DENG WEI|NAME=GUAN HONGXIANG|NAME=ZHANG ZHENGYI | Titre: (CN118011497)|Method and medium for identifying ocean carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference Résumé: (CN118011497)|The invention provides a method for identifying ocean carbon sequestration change based on time-lapse seismic attribute difference and a medium, and belongs to the field of ocean carbon sequestration. According to the method, on the basis of seismic data before CO2 is injected into a target area, the two-way travel time change and difference of a salt water layer and a key stratum in the salt water layer are finely analyzed; attributes such as root-mean-square amplitudes and coherence are extracted along different key stratums, changes of the root-mean-square amplitudes and the coherence attributes of time-lapse seismic data are compared, special geologic bodies such as faults, fractures and tubular structures newly formed after CO2 injection are identified, and by comparing planes and vertical abnormal changes of the root-mean-square amplitudes and the coherence attributes of the seismic data before and after CO2 injection, the time-lapse seismic data are identified. According to the method, on the basis of the influence and action relation of fractures and tubular structure distribution in the key stratum on lithology, in combination with spatial distribution of CO2 injected into the key stratum, CO2 sequestration change recognition is achieved, and the method is accurate, reliable and high in recognition precision and has wide practical application and popularization value. | 18.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on identifying changes in ocean carbon sequestration using seismic data, without discussing methods for stimulating phytoplankton growth or nutrient addition for CO₂ uptake. | 11.0 | 0.0 | (CN118011497)|1 | (CN118011497)|4 | (CN118011497)|5|(CN118011497)|8 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN118011497)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN118011497)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-09-17|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-3801|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12|Primary examiner: 贾荣峰|Primary examiner: Jia Rongfeng||(CN118011497)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-05-10|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-1902|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12|Primary examiner: 贾荣峰|Primary examiner: Jia Rongfeng| | (CN118011497)|Previous publication: CN118011497 A 2024-05-10 [CN118011497] | (CN118011497)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN118011497B)|Patent|(CN118011497)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 34 | CN202510851671 | CN202510851671 | CN120553853 | 115826447 | CN120553853 A 2025-08-29 [CN120553853] | 2025-06-24 | 2025-06-24 | 2025-08-29 | (CN120553853)|2045-06-24 | (CN120553853)|Method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on double mechanisms of converter steel slag | (CN120553853)|The invention belongs to the cross technical field of resource recovery, and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on double mechanisms of converter steel slag. The method is characterized in that the double-activity path synergistic effect of calcium oxide (CaO) hydration-carbon dioxide (CO2) mineralization and silicate carbonation precipitation in the converter steel slag is utilized, seawater alkalinity improvement, CO2 efficient storage and silicon resource recovery are achieved, and the method is suitable for ocean acidification repair, coral reef ecological protection, offshore carbon storage engineering and steel slag high-value utilization scenes. | NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA | (CN120553853)|NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN]) | DONG MENGGE|GUO XIN|XUE XIANGXIN | (CN120553853)|DONG MENGGE|GUO XIN|XUE XIANGXIN | (CN120553853)|WANG HAIBO;LIAONING HONGWEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 21102|SUI XIUWEN;LIAONING HONGWEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 21102 | (CN120553853)|The method has the advantages of long-term maintenance of the ecological sensitive area, 92 percent of silicic acid recovery rate, realization of double benefits of carbon sequestration-resource recovery, 18 yuan for 1 ton of steel slag treatment cost, 67 percent reduction compared with the traditional method, and about 10 yuan/kg of CO _2 for carbon sequestration.| | (CN120553853)|1. A method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on a converter steel slag double mechanism is characterized in that,Step 1, activating double active components of steel slagCollecting converter steel slag, crushing to grain size less than or equal to 3mm, grinding to 100-200 mesh (specific surface area more than or equal to 0.8m 2/g), soaking steel slag in 1-3% dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 2 hours, washing to neutrality, and drying; step 2, double-path cooperative reaction control Adding pretreated steel slag into seawater according to the ratio of 100-500g/m < 3 >, stirring and mixing, maintaining the pH=8.5-9.0, introducing CO 2 gas, maintaining a reaction system pCO 2=10⁻³.5 atm, and reacting for 24-48 hours; Step 3, silicic acid separation Filtering the solution after the reaction, intercepting silicic acid colloid, and drying for 4-6 hours at 60-80 ℃ to generate silicon dioxide which can be used as sand or adsorption material for building; step 4, recycling and solid waste treatment Returning the separated clear liquid to the sea, and raising the pH to 8.8-9.3, wherein the alkalinity increase is more than or equal to 0.5mmol/L.| | (CN120553853)|The invention belongs to the technical field of resource recovery and intersection, and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on a converter steel slag double mechanism.|The invention provides a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater and sealing carbon based on a double mechanism of converter steel slag,| | (CN120553853)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,18)|SEAWATER ALKALINITY(100,8)|CONVERTER STEEL SLAG(100,3)|STEEL SLAGCOLLECTING CONVERTER(52,1)|SEAWATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(49,4)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION RESTORATION(48,2)|PRETREATED STEEL SLAG(43,2)|SILICATE CARBONATION PRECIPITATION(43,2)|CORAL REEF ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION(40,2)|ALKALINITY(39,14)|STEEL SLAG(39,14)|CONVERTER STEEL(36,3)|SEPARATION FILTERING(31,1)|SILICIC ACID SEPARATION FILTERING(30,1)|SEAWATER(26,6)|REACTING CO OPERATIVE(26,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION DOUBLE BENEFIT(24,1)|RESOURCE RECOVERY(23,3)|UTILIZATION SCENE(23,2)|CONVERTER SLAG(22,3)|SILICIC ACID COLLOID(22,3)|OFFSHORE CARBON(22,1)|DUAL BENEFIT(21,1)|ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE AREA(21,1)|NEUTRALITY(20,2)|SEALING CARBON(20,1)|SILICON RESOURCE RECOVERY(20,1)|SILICIC ACID(18,7)|RECYCLING(18,2)|HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION(15,3)|HYDRATION CARBON DIOXIDE(15,2)|MINERALIZATION(15,2)|STEEL SLAG TREATMENT COST(15,1)|SEA(14,3)|DOUBLE PATH COOPERATIVE REACTION(14,2)|TON(14,1)|YUAN KG(14,1)|SAND(13,2)|REACTIVITY(12,2)|ADSORPTION MATERIAL(11,2)|SILICON DIOXIDE(11,2)|SOLID WASTE TREATMENT(11,2)|DUAL ACTIVITY PATH(11,1)|HYDROCHLORIC ACID(10,6)|CALCIUM OXIDE(10,4)|TRICALCIUM SILICATE(10,3)|SILICIC ACID RECOVERY RATE(10,1)|CLEAR LIQUID SEPARATION(8,2)|DOUBLE ACTIVE COMPONENT(8,2)|LONG TERM MAINTENANCE(8,1)|SOLID WASTE(7,3)|DICALCIUM SILICATE(7,2)|ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE ZONE SCENARIO(7,1)|RAPID ALKALINITY PROMOTION(7,1)|RECOVERY RATE(7,1)|STIRRING ROTATION SPEED(7,1)|TREATMENT COST(7,1)|CARBONATION REACTION(6,2)|ALKALINITY STEEL SLAG(6,1)|DICALCIUM FERRITE(6,1)|ESTUARY ACIDIFICATION(6,1)|LATTICE DENSIFICATION(6,1)|PHOSPHORUS DIRECTIONAL SEPARATION(6,1)|SEAWATER DILUTION PUMP(6,1)|GRAIN SIZE(5,4)|ALKALINE ENVIRONMENT(5,2)|ALKALINITY CONDITION(5,2)|ALKALINITY SUPPLY(5,2)|PH FLUCTUATION(5,2)|ADOPTED CAO(5,1)|COLLECTING CONVERTER STEEL SLAG(5,1)|CORAL REEF CALCIFICATION RATE(5,1)|GAMMA INACTIVATION(5,1)|MAGNETIZATION COEFFICIENT(5,1)|MANGANESE RESOURCE(5,1)|SILICATE CARBONATION PATH(5,1)|SILICATE DISSOLUTION(5,1)|SUSPENDING CO2(5,1)|TRADITIONAL METHOD(5,1)|ACTIVATING ACID ETCHING(4,3)|HYDROCHLORIC ACID ACTIVATION(4,3)|AVERAGE ALKALINITY(4,1)|CAO MOL(4,1)|ECOLOGICAL SAFETY(4,1)|ENRICHING IRON(4,1)|HUNDRED MILLION TON(4,1)|INTERFACE OPTIMIZATION(4,1)|IRON RESOURCE(4,1)|PH RISE(4,1)|QUARTZ SAND(4,1)|SILICATE CONSUMPTION(4,1)|WEAK GELATION(4,1)|PH VALUE(3,4)|ACCOUNTING(3,2)|CEMENT CLINKER(3,2)|LIQUID SOLID RATIO(3,2)|REACTION TANK(3,2)|SILICIC ACID SEPARATION(3,2)|STIRRING SPEED(3,2)|ALKALI ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|AUXILIARY GEL(3,1)|CAO HYDRATION REACTION(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION ENGINEERING(3,1)|EXPOSING SILICATE MINERAL(3,1)|FE CARRIER(3,1)|GAMMA CRYSTAL(3,1)|HIGH EFFICIENCY SEALING(3,1)|INCREASING PH(3,1)|IRON OCCURRENCE(3,1)|MAGNETIC FORCE(3,1)|NUTRIENT SALT(3,1)|PH REGULATION(3,1)|PH SUDDEN RISE(3,1)|POROUS CERAMIC TUBE(3,1)|SEA FOOD CHAIN(3,1)|SEPARATION DIRECTION(3,1)|SILICON RESOURCE(3,1)| | (CN120553853)|1. A method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on a converter steel slag double mechanism is characterized in that,|Step 1, activating double active components of steel slag|Collecting converter steel slag, crushing to grain size less than or equal to 3mm, grinding to 100-200 mesh (specific surface area more than or equal to 0.8m 2/g), soaking steel slag in 1-3% dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 2 hours, washing to neutrality, and drying;| step 2, double-path cooperative reaction control |Adding pretreated steel slag into seawater according to the ratio of 100-500g/m < 3 >, stirring and mixing, maintaining the pH=8.5-9.0, introducing CO 2 gas, maintaining a reaction system pCO 2=10⁻³.5 atm, and reacting for 24-48 hours;| Step 3, silicic acid separation |Filtering the solution after the reaction, intercepting silicic acid colloid, and drying for 4-6 hours at 60-80 ℃ to generate silicon dioxide which can be used as sand or adsorption material for building;| step 4, recycling and solid waste treatment |Returning the separated clear liquid to the sea, and raising the pH to 8.8-9.3, wherein the alkalinity increase is more than or equal to 0.5mmol/L.|2. The method for improving the alkalinity of seawater and carbon sequestration based on the double mechanism of the converter steel slag according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the liquid-solid ratio of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 2:1.|3. The method for improving the alkalinity and carbon sequestration of seawater based on a double mechanism of converter steel slag according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the rotation speed of stirring and mixing is 50-100rpm.|4. The method for improving the alkalinity and the carbon sequestration of seawater based on the double mechanism of the converter slag according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the flow rate of the seawater is 1-3L/min and 103m 3.|5. The method for improving the alkalinity and the carbon sequestration of the seawater based on the double mechanism of the converter slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the salinity of the seawater is 30-35 per mill.|6. The method for improving the alkalinity and carbon sequestration of seawater based on a double mechanism of converter steel slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, 5% -10% of fresh steel slag is supplemented each time, and the reactivity is maintained. | (CN120553853)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of resource recovery and intersection, and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on a converter steel slag double mechanism.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean absorbs about 30% of the world's artificial CO 2, resulting in a decrease in surface seawater pH from 8.2 to 8.1 before the industrial revolution, which is expected to be 7.8-7.9 in 2100 years. Acidification results in 30% decrease in coral reef calcification rate, and plankton colony structure changes, threatening the ocean food chain. Increasing alkalinity of sea water (e.g. increasing|[0003] HCO 3-/CO32- concentration) is a core means of enhancing marine carbon sink, but the following problems need to be solved simultaneously:|[0004] (1) The continuous alkalinity supply is that the traditional lime (CaO) addition only provides short-term alkalinity and long-term cost is high; |[0005] (2) Carbon sequestration efficiency: single carbonate precipitation path CO 2 fixed amount limited (about 0.5-1.0kg/m3 seawater); |[0006] (3) Ecological safety, namely avoiding adverse effect on marine ecology caused by pH sudden rise. |[0007] The converter steel slag is used as a steelmaking byproduct, has complex mineral composition, is formed in a high-temperature environment of 1650-1700 ℃, and mainly comprises the following active phases and functional components:|[0008] (1) The silicate phase (core active component) is tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) |[0009] Tricalcium silicate (C 3 S), chemical formula 3CaO and SiO 2, is a dominant mineral under high alkalinity condition (alkalinity R > 2.5), accounting for 30% -40% of the total amount of steel slag. The hydraulic activity is a core performance source of the cement clinker, but C 3 S in the steel slag has lower activity (20% -30% lower than the cement clinker) due to higher formation temperature and lattice densification, and the reaction efficiency is improved by mechanical grinding (the specific surface area is more than or equal to 0.8m < 2 >/g) or acid etching activation.|[0010] Dicalcium silicate (C 2 S), chemical formula 2 CaO-SiO 2, is produced in large amounts at basicities of 1.8-2.5, and exists in beta-C 2 S (gelling active phase) and gamma-C 2 S (inactive phase). In the slow cooling process of the steel slag, beta-C 2 S is easy to be converted into gamma crystal form, so that the gelation property is reduced, the transformation of the crystal form is inhibited by a quenching process or acid etching pretreatment (such as 1-3% diluted hydrochloric acid activation), and the active surface is exposed.|[0011] (2) Ferrite phase (auxiliary gel and iron occurrence)|[0012] Dicalcium ferrite (C 2 F), of the chemical formula 2CaO and Fe 2O3, and C 2 S are symbiotic in an environment with an alkalinity of 1.8-2.5 to provide weak gelation, but the main value is to fix iron element (Fe 2+/Fe3+), and then the iron resource can be recovered through a magnetic separation process.|[0013] Calcium ferrite (Ca 2Fe2O5) coexists with the RO phase under the high alkalinity condition and serves as a main carrier of Fe 3+, and the magnetic characteristics of the calcium ferrite cooperate with the RO phase to promote the efficient separation of iron components in the steel slag.|[0014] (3) RO phase (metal solid solution phase) is solid solution (FeO-MnO solid solution) taking FeO as matrix, stably exists when the alkalinity is more than 1.8,|[0015] Accounting for 20 to 30 percent of the total amount of minerals. The strong magnetism (specific magnetization coefficient > 3000 multiplied by 10 < - 6 > cm < 3 >/g) can be used for enriching iron and manganese resources through a magnetic separation process, and the phase almost does not contain phosphorus, so that conditions are provided for the directional separation of phosphorus elements.|[0016] The converter steel slag is alkaline solid waste generated in the steelmaking process, the annual output exceeds 3 hundred million tons, and the chemical composition (mass fraction) of the converter steel slag is as follows:|[0017] 20-40 percent of CaO system (containing 10-15 percent of free CaO) and releasing OH - through hydration reaction: |[0018] (1.1)|[0019] 30 to 50 percent of silicate system (such as calcium silicate (Ca 2SiO4)、C3S/C2 S), 20 to 30 percent of SiO-containing system 2 and CO 2 can be subjected to carbonation reaction: |[0020] (1.2)|[0021] The invention provides a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater and sealing carbon based on a double mechanism of converter steel slag, |[0022] The adopted CaO is hydrated and CO2 mineralized, so that the alkalinity can be rapidly improved. Free CaO (10% -15%) and C 3S、C2 S in the steel slag are hydrated to release OH -, wherein the hydration rate of C 3 S is faster, the pH is quickly increased to 8.5-9.0, an alkaline environment in which CO 2 is dissolved is created, and the alkalinity supply of C 2 S is maintained through slow continuous hydration, so that the short-term defect of traditional lime addition is avoided.|[0023] Wherein the hydration reaction of free CaO is (1.3);|[0024] 1Mol of CO 2 can be fixed per mol of CaO, and 2mol of OH - is released simultaneously, so that the method is a core path for rapid alkalinity promotion and carbon sequestration.|[0025] Tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) hydration reaction:| (1.4)|[0026] After the steel slag is crushed, the surfaces of the C 3 S particles are rapidly hydrated, about 60% of OH - is released within 4-6 hours, and the pH is rapidly raised in cooperation with free CaO. |[0027] Dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) hydration reaction:|[0028] (1.5)|[0029] the beta-C 2 S crystal form is slowly hydrated after acid etching activation, OH - is gradually released after 24 hours, and the alkalinity supply is maintained for a long time (48-72 hours can be continued), so that the short-term defect of the traditional lime is avoided. |[0030] The silicate carbonation path (long-acting carbon sequestration) of the invention aims at carbonation reaction of C 2 S and residual C 3 S with CO 2 after acid etching activation:|[0031] Silicate dissolution: (1.6)|[0032] silicic acid separation (silica gel or quartz sand formed after air drying): (1.7)|[0033] The dual-mechanism coupling effect of the invention is: |[0034] pH buffering, namely, dynamic balance is formed between OH - released by hydration of C 3S/C2 S and acid mineralized and consumed by CO 2, pH fluctuation (delta pH is less than or equal to 0.5) is inhibited, and crystal form inactivation of gamma-C 2 S caused by a strong alkali environment is avoided |[0035] The interface optimization is that silicic acid colloid is adsorbed on the surface of steel slag to form a porous structure (aperture is 10-100 nm), and the CO2 reaction area is increased.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0036] The method for improving the seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on the double mechanism of the converter slag provided by the invention is an integrated method for improving the seawater alkalinity, efficiently sequestering CO 2 and recycling silicon resources by utilizing the synergistic effect of the double active paths of calcium oxide (CaO) hydration-carbon dioxide (CO 2) mineralization and silicate carbonation precipitation in the converter slag, and is suitable for ocean acidification restoration, coral reef ecological protection, offshore carbon sequestration engineering and slag high-value utilization scenes.|[0037] The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:|[0038] step 1, activating double active components of steel slag |[0039] Collecting converter steel slag, crushing to grain size less than or equal to 3mm, grinding to 100-200 mesh (specific surface area greater than or equal to 0.8m 2/g), soaking steel slag in 1-3% dilute hydrochloric acid solution (liquid-solid ratio 2:1) for 2 hr, washing to neutrality, and drying. Etching the surface of steel slag, exposing silicate mineral (such as calcium silicate), promoting CO 2 displacement reaction, dissolving part of free CaO, and controlling the initial pH rising risk.|[0040] Step 2, double-path cooperative reaction control|[0041] The pretreated steel slag is added into seawater according to the proportion of 100-500g/m < 3 >, stirred and mixed (the rotating speed is 50-100 rpm), the pH value is maintained to be 8.5-9.0, CO 2 gas (the flow rate is 1-3L/min and 103m < 3 > seawater) is introduced, the reaction system pCO 2=10⁻³.5 atm is maintained, and the reaction is carried out for 24-48 hours. The OH - released by CaO provides an alkaline environment for silicate carbonation, and silicate consumption CO 2 inhibits excessive pH rise. Wherein the temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is 30-35 per mill;|[0042] Step 3, silicic acid separation |[0043] Filtering the solution after the reaction, intercepting silicic acid colloid (H 4SiO4), and drying for 4-6 hours at 60-80 ℃ to generate silicon dioxide (SiO 2・nH2 O), which can be used as building sand or adsorption material;|[0044] step 4, recycling and solid waste treatment |[0045] Returning the separated clear liquid to the sea, raising the pH to 8.8-9.3, increasing the alkalinity to more than or equal to 0.5mmol/L, supplementing 5-10% of fresh steel slag each time, and maintaining the reactivity.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0046] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0047] Example 1 high alkalinity slag Emergency repair acidified estuary (Rapid reaction scenario)|[0048] The pH value of a certain estuary is=7.5, the CO2 partial pressure is 600ppm, the Mg2+ =1100 mg/L, and the pH value is required to be raised to be above 8.5 within 48 hours due to the discharge of industrial wastewater.|[0049] The steel slag raw material (wt%) comprises CaO=35% (f-CaO=15%), mgO=8%, siO2=22% and grain size D50=75 micrometers, and the pretreatment comprises 3% hydrochloric acid activation for 3 hr, f-CaO residual content is 4.8% and specific surface area is 1.1m2/g.|[0050] The volume of the reaction tank is 100m < 3 >, the stirring speed is 100rpm, and the CO2 flow rate is 3L/min.103 m < 3 >;|[0051] the dosage is 500g/m3, and the dosage is divided into two times (12 hours apart). |[0052] A real-time control strategy, namely suspending CO2 from being introduced and starting a seawater dilution pump (the flow rate is 5m 3/h) when the pH value is more than 9.0;|[0053] The results were analyzed as follows: |[0054] |[0055] The results show that the total carbon sequestration efficiency is improved by 72% compared with a single CaO path, and the reaction process is effectively controlled through sectional addition and pH regulation. |[0056] Example 2 Long-term carbon sequestration of Low alkalinity Steel slag (ecologically sensitive zone scenario)|[0057] The coral reef protection area has initial pH=8.1, pH=8.3-8.5, no disturbance to ecological system and reaction period of 120 hr.|[0058] Steel slag raw material (wt%) cao=22% (f-cao=6%) sio2=28% and grain size d50=150 micrometers;|[0059] Pretreatment, namely 1% hydrochloric acid activation is carried out for 2 hours, the residual content of f-CaO is 5.5%, and the silicate activity is improved by 35%. |[0060] The volume of the reaction tank is 500m < 3 >, the stirring speed is 50rpm, and the flow rate of CO 2 is 1.5L/min.103 m < 3 >;|[0061] the adding mode is slow release adding (supplementing 100g/m3 every 24 hours), and uniformly releasing through a porous ceramic tube. |[0062] Environmental monitoring frequency, pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were once per hour, and nutrient salts (NO 3-、PO43-) were once per day, ensuring that eutrophication did not occur.|[0063] The results were analyzed as follows:|[0064] |[0065] the results show that the pH fluctuation is controlled to be +/-0.1, the average alkalinity is increased by 0.05 mmol/L/day, and the pH value is suitable for |[0066] The method has the advantages of long-term maintenance of the ecological sensitive area, 92 percent of silicic acid recovery rate, realization of double benefits of carbon sequestration-resource recovery, 18 yuan for 1 ton of steel slag treatment cost, 67 percent reduction compared with the traditional method, and about 10 yuan/kg of CO 2 for carbon sequestration. | (CN120553853)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of resource recovery and intersection, and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on a converter steel slag double mechanism.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean absorbs about 30% of the world's artificial CO 2, resulting in a decrease in surface seawater pH from 8.2 to 8.1 before the industrial revolution, which is expected to be 7.8-7.9 in 2100 years. Acidification results in 30% decrease in coral reef calcification rate, and plankton colony structure changes, threatening the ocean food chain. Increasing alkalinity of sea water (e.g. increasing|[0003] HCO 3-/CO32- concentration) is a core means of enhancing marine carbon sink, but the following problems need to be solved simultaneously:|[0004] (1) The continuous alkalinity supply is that the traditional lime (CaO) addition only provides short-term alkalinity and long-term cost is high; |[0005] (2) Carbon sequestration efficiency: single carbonate precipitation path CO 2 fixed amount limited (about 0.5-1.0kg/m3 seawater); |[0006] (3) Ecological safety, namely avoiding adverse effect on marine ecology caused by pH sudden rise. |[0007] The converter steel slag is used as a steelmaking byproduct, has complex mineral composition, is formed in a high-temperature environment of 1650-1700 ℃, and mainly comprises the following active phases and functional components:|[0008] (1) The silicate phase (core active component) is tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) |[0009] Tricalcium silicate (C 3 S), chemical formula 3CaO and SiO 2, is a dominant mineral under high alkalinity condition (alkalinity R > 2.5), accounting for 30% -40% of the total amount of steel slag. The hydraulic activity is a core performance source of the cement clinker, but C 3 S in the steel slag has lower activity (20% -30% lower than the cement clinker) due to higher formation temperature and lattice densification, and the reaction efficiency is improved by mechanical grinding (the specific surface area is more than or equal to 0.8m < 2 >/g) or acid etching activation.|[0010] Dicalcium silicate (C 2 S), chemical formula 2 CaO-SiO 2, is produced in large amounts at basicities of 1.8-2.5, and exists in beta-C 2 S (gelling active phase) and gamma-C 2 S (inactive phase). In the slow cooling process of the steel slag, beta-C 2 S is easy to be converted into gamma crystal form, so that the gelation property is reduced, the transformation of the crystal form is inhibited by a quenching process or acid etching pretreatment (such as 1-3% diluted hydrochloric acid activation), and the active surface is exposed.|[0011] (2) Ferrite phase (auxiliary gel and iron occurrence)|[0012] Dicalcium ferrite (C 2 F), of the chemical formula 2CaO and Fe 2O3, and C 2 S are symbiotic in an environment with an alkalinity of 1.8-2.5 to provide weak gelation, but the main value is to fix iron element (Fe 2+/Fe3+), and then the iron resource can be recovered through a magnetic separation process.|[0013] Calcium ferrite (Ca 2Fe2O5) coexists with the RO phase under the high alkalinity condition and serves as a main carrier of Fe 3+, and the magnetic characteristics of the calcium ferrite cooperate with the RO phase to promote the efficient separation of iron components in the steel slag.|[0014] (3) RO phase (metal solid solution phase) is solid solution (FeO-MnO solid solution) taking FeO as matrix, stably exists when the alkalinity is more than 1.8,|[0015] Accounting for 20 to 30 percent of the total amount of minerals. The strong magnetism (specific magnetization coefficient > 3000 multiplied by 10 < - 6 > cm < 3 >/g) can be used for enriching iron and manganese resources through a magnetic separation process, and the phase almost does not contain phosphorus, so that conditions are provided for the directional separation of phosphorus elements.|[0016] The converter steel slag is alkaline solid waste generated in the steelmaking process, the annual output exceeds 3 hundred million tons, and the chemical composition (mass fraction) of the converter steel slag is as follows:|[0017] 20-40 percent of CaO system (containing 10-15 percent of free CaO) and releasing OH - through hydration reaction: |[0018] (1.1)|[0019] 30 to 50 percent of silicate system (such as calcium silicate (Ca 2SiO4)、C3S/C2 S), 20 to 30 percent of SiO-containing system 2 and CO 2 can be subjected to carbonation reaction: |[0020] (1.2)|[0021] The invention provides a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater and sealing carbon based on a double mechanism of converter steel slag, |[0022] The adopted CaO is hydrated and CO2 mineralized, so that the alkalinity can be rapidly improved. Free CaO (10% -15%) and C 3S、C2 S in the steel slag are hydrated to release OH -, wherein the hydration rate of C 3 S is faster, the pH is quickly increased to 8.5-9.0, an alkaline environment in which CO 2 is dissolved is created, and the alkalinity supply of C 2 S is maintained through slow continuous hydration, so that the short-term defect of traditional lime addition is avoided.|[0023] Wherein the hydration reaction of free CaO is (1.3);|[0024] 1Mol of CO 2 can be fixed per mol of CaO, and 2mol of OH - is released simultaneously, so that the method is a core path for rapid alkalinity promotion and carbon sequestration.|[0025] Tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) hydration reaction:| (1.4)|[0026] After the steel slag is crushed, the surfaces of the C 3 S particles are rapidly hydrated, about 60% of OH - is released within 4-6 hours, and the pH is rapidly raised in cooperation with free CaO. |[0027] Dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) hydration reaction:|[0028] (1.5)|[0029] the beta-C 2 S crystal form is slowly hydrated after acid etching activation, OH - is gradually released after 24 hours, and the alkalinity supply is maintained for a long time (48-72 hours can be continued), so that the short-term defect of the traditional lime is avoided. |[0030] The silicate carbonation path (long-acting carbon sequestration) of the invention aims at carbonation reaction of C 2 S and residual C 3 S with CO 2 after acid etching activation:|[0031] Silicate dissolution: (1.6)|[0032] silicic acid separation (silica gel or quartz sand formed after air drying): (1.7)|[0033] The dual-mechanism coupling effect of the invention is: |[0034] pH buffering, namely, dynamic balance is formed between OH - released by hydration of C 3S/C2 S and acid mineralized and consumed by CO 2, pH fluctuation (delta pH is less than or equal to 0.5) is inhibited, and crystal form inactivation of gamma-C 2 S caused by a strong alkali environment is avoided |[0035] The interface optimization is that silicic acid colloid is adsorbed on the surface of steel slag to form a porous structure (aperture is 10-100 nm), and the CO2 reaction area is increased.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0036] The method for improving the seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on the double mechanism of the converter slag provided by the invention is an integrated method for improving the seawater alkalinity, efficiently sequestering CO 2 and recycling silicon resources by utilizing the synergistic effect of the double active paths of calcium oxide (CaO) hydration-carbon dioxide (CO 2) mineralization and silicate carbonation precipitation in the converter slag, and is suitable for ocean acidification restoration, coral reef ecological protection, offshore carbon sequestration engineering and slag high-value utilization scenes.|[0037] The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:|[0038] step 1, activating double active components of steel slag |[0039] Collecting converter steel slag, crushing to grain size less than or equal to 3mm, grinding to 100-200 mesh (specific surface area greater than or equal to 0.8m 2/g), soaking steel slag in 1-3% dilute hydrochloric acid solution (liquid-solid ratio 2:1) for 2 hr, washing to neutrality, and drying. Etching the surface of steel slag, exposing silicate mineral (such as calcium silicate), promoting CO 2 displacement reaction, dissolving part of free CaO, and controlling the initial pH rising risk.|[0040] Step 2, double-path cooperative reaction control|[0041] The pretreated steel slag is added into seawater according to the proportion of 100-500g/m < 3 >, stirred and mixed (the rotating speed is 50-100 rpm), the pH value is maintained to be 8.5-9.0, CO 2 gas (the flow rate is 1-3L/min and 103m < 3 > seawater) is introduced, the reaction system pCO 2=10⁻³.5 atm is maintained, and the reaction is carried out for 24-48 hours. The OH - released by CaO provides an alkaline environment for silicate carbonation, and silicate consumption CO 2 inhibits excessive pH rise. Wherein the temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is 30-35 per mill;|[0042] Step 3, silicic acid separation |[0043] Filtering the solution after the reaction, intercepting silicic acid colloid (H 4SiO4), and drying for 4-6 hours at 60-80 ℃ to generate silicon dioxide (SiO 2・nH2 O), which can be used as building sand or adsorption material;|[0044] step 4, recycling and solid waste treatment |[0045] Returning the separated clear liquid to the sea, raising the pH to 8.8-9.3, increasing the alkalinity to more than or equal to 0.5mmol/L, supplementing 5-10% of fresh steel slag each time, and maintaining the reactivity.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0046] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0047] Example 1 high alkalinity slag Emergency repair acidified estuary (Rapid reaction scenario)|[0048] The pH value of a certain estuary is=7.5, the CO2 partial pressure is 600ppm, the Mg2+ =1100 mg/L, and the pH value is required to be raised to be above 8.5 within 48 hours due to the discharge of industrial wastewater.|[0049] The steel slag raw material (wt%) comprises CaO=35% (f-CaO=15%), mgO=8%, siO2=22% and grain size D50=75 micrometers, and the pretreatment comprises 3% hydrochloric acid activation for 3 hr, f-CaO residual content is 4.8% and specific surface area is 1.1m2/g.|[0050] The volume of the reaction tank is 100m < 3 >, the stirring speed is 100rpm, and the CO2 flow rate is 3L/min.103 m < 3 >;|[0051] the dosage is 500g/m3, and the dosage is divided into two times (12 hours apart). |[0052] A real-time control strategy, namely suspending CO2 from being introduced and starting a seawater dilution pump (the flow rate is 5m 3/h) when the pH value is more than 9.0;|[0053] The results were analyzed as follows: |[0054] |[0055] The results show that the total carbon sequestration efficiency is improved by 72% compared with a single CaO path, and the reaction process is effectively controlled through sectional addition and pH regulation. |[0056] Example 2 Long-term carbon sequestration of Low alkalinity Steel slag (ecologically sensitive zone scenario)|[0057] The coral reef protection area has initial pH=8.1, pH=8.3-8.5, no disturbance to ecological system and reaction period of 120 hr.|[0058] Steel slag raw material (wt%) cao=22% (f-cao=6%) sio2=28% and grain size d50=150 micrometers;|[0059] Pretreatment, namely 1% hydrochloric acid activation is carried out for 2 hours, the residual content of f-CaO is 5.5%, and the silicate activity is improved by 35%. |[0060] The volume of the reaction tank is 500m < 3 >, the stirring speed is 50rpm, and the flow rate of CO 2 is 1.5L/min.103 m < 3 >;|[0061] the adding mode is slow release adding (supplementing 100g/m3 every 24 hours), and uniformly releasing through a porous ceramic tube. |[0062] Environmental monitoring frequency, pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were once per hour, and nutrient salts (NO 3-、PO43-) were once per day, ensuring that eutrophication did not occur.|[0063] The results were analyzed as follows:|[0064] |[0065] the results show that the pH fluctuation is controlled to be +/-0.1, the average alkalinity is increased by 0.05 mmol/L/day, and the pH value is suitable for |[0066] The method has the advantages of long-term maintenance of the ecological sensitive area, 92 percent of silicic acid recovery rate, realization of double benefits of carbon sequestration-resource recovery, 18 yuan for 1 ton of steel slag treatment cost, 67 percent reduction compared with the traditional method, and about 10 yuan/kg of CO 2 for carbon sequestration. | Family Number|(115826447)|115826447|Abstract|(CN120553853 A)|The invention belongs to the cross technical field of resource recovery , and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on double mechanisms of converter steel slag . The method is characterized in that the double - activity path synergistic effect of calcium oxide ( CaO ) hydration - carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) mineralization and silicate carbonation precipitation in the converter steel slag is utilized , seawater alkalinity improvement , CO2 efficient storage and silicon resource recovery are achieved , and the method is suitable for ocean acidification repair , coral reef ecological protection , offshore carbon storage engineering and steel slag high - value utilization scenes . |Title|(CN120553853 A)|Method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on double mechanisms of converter steel slag | | Environmental technology|Materials, metallurgy | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/64|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/82|B01D-2251/404|B01D-2251/604|B01D-2257/504|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/66|C02F-2103/08|C04B-005/00|C21B-003/04|C21B-003/06|C21B-003/08|Y02A-050/2341|Y02A-050/2342|Y02C-010/04|Y02P-010/242|Y02P-020/152|Y02W-030/543 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/64|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/82|B01D-2251/404|B01D-2251/604|B01D-2257/504|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/66|C02F-2103/08|C04B-005/00|C21B-003/04|C21B-003/06|C21B-003/08|Y02A-050/2341|Y02A-050/2342|Y02C-010/04|Y02P-010/242|Y02P-020/152|Y02W-030/543 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/82|B09B-003/00|B09B-101/55|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/66|C02F-103/08|C21B-003/04 | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/82|B09B-003/00|B09B-101/55|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/66|C02F-103/08|C21B-003/04 | PENDING | (CN120553853)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN120553853)|ALIVE | (CN120553853)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN120553853|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-06-24|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-06-24|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202510851671|Application date=2025-06-24|Standardized application number=2025CN-0851671|Event publication date=2025-08-29|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN120553853|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-08-29|Standardized publication number=CN120553853|Event publication date=2025-08-29|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-10-14|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN120553853)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKf5dTE2tPNkaFfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000078781295&ekey=2209&xpn=CN120553853&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=BFiBlEl6gJFCEOco7e%252BBiJNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN120553853)|CN | (CN120553853)|NAME=NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN | (CN120553853)|NAME=WANG HAIBO;LIAONING HONGWEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=21102NAME=SUI XIUWEN;LIAONING HONGWEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=21102 | (CN120553853)|CN | (CN120553853)|NAME=DONG MENGGE, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=GUO XIN|NAME=XUE XIANGXIN | Titre: (CN120553853)|Method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on double mechanisms of converter steel slag Résumé: (CN120553853)|The invention belongs to the cross technical field of resource recovery, and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration based on double mechanisms of converter steel slag. The method is characterized in that the double-activity path synergistic effect of calcium oxide (CaO) hydration-carbon dioxide (CO2) mineralization and silicate carbonation precipitation in the converter steel slag is utilized, seawater alkalinity improvement, CO2 efficient storage and silicon resource recovery are achieved, and the method is suitable for ocean acidification repair, coral reef ecological protection, offshore carbon storage engineering and steel slag high-value utilization scenes. | 25.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on improving seawater alkalinity and carbon sequestration using steel slag, which does not involve stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN120553853)|1 | (CN120553853)|5 | (CN120553853)|6 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN120553853)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-08-29|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-3502|Number of Pages: NPAGES=6| | (CN120553853)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN120553853)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35 | CN201310746050 | CN201310746050 | CN103834586 | 66164528 | CN103834586 A 2014-06-04 [CN103834586] | 2013-12-30 | 2013-12-30 | 2014-06-04 | (CN103834586)|2016-05-11 | (CN103834586)|Anaerobic carbon sequestration microbe screening method | (CN103834586)|The invention provides an anaerobic carbon sequestration microbe screening method. The method comprises the following steps: respectively preparing a basic medium and a trace element solution, mixing the basic medium with the trace element solution to obtain a nutrient solution suitable for growth of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes in an ocean, mixing a part of the nutrient solution with a seawater sample and culturing the obtained mixture in oxygen-free gas for 4 to 8 d so as to obtain a mixed bacteria liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes; respectively preparing at least one electron donor stock solution; mixing a part of the nutrient solution with one or more electron donor stock solutions so as to obtain a mixed growth liquid; and inoculating the mixed bacteria liquid into the mixed growth liquid and carrying out culturing in hydrogen-free gas for 4 to 8 d so as to obtain a target bacteria liquid containing the plurality of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes with stable carbon sequestration efficiency. The method provided by the invention has simple process and good operability, can obtain anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes with high carbon sequestration efficiency in a short period of time and is effectively used in the process of microbial carbon sequestration, thereby realizing reclamation of CO2 in atmosphere. | TONGJI UNIVERSITY | (CN103834586)|TONGJI UNIVERSITY | HU JIAJUN|WANG LEI|HU YU | (CN103834586)|HU JIAJUN|WANG LEI|HU YU | (CN103834586)|WU LINSONG;SHANGHAI ZHI XIN PATENT AGENT LTD. | (CN103834586)|The method has the advantages of simple process, strong operability, universal applicability to seawater samples in different sea areas, short screening time, high carbon sequestration efficiency and potential economic and social benefits.|From CO2Global warming due to the "greenhouse effect" caused is a major environmental problem currently facing the world.|However, there are various special environments on the earth where plants cannot grow (such as drought-barren desert soil and industrial waste gas capture), and in these special environments, the environmental adaptability advantage of microorganisms is manifested, so that microorganisms fix CO from the viewpoint of mass flow and energy flow of the whole biosphere2Has great significance.|Photosynthetic microorganisms such as algae require continuous light during cultivation, and are thermolabile and tolerant to high concentrations of CO2And thus its practical application is limited to a certain extent. The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria have a wide growth range without illumination, but the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria must provide high-concentration hydrogen as an electron donor in the growth process, so that the common environmental conditions are difficult to meet the growth requirements, and meanwhile, in practical application, the hydrogen supply has serious potential safety hazards.| | (CN103834586)|1. An anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:(1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean:(2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, and culturing for 4-8 days in an oxygen-free gas to obtain a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;(3) respectively preparing at least one electron donor stock solution;(4) mixing a part of the culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with one or more electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;(5) and adding the mixed bacterial liquid into the mixed growth liquid, and culturing for 4-8 days under the condition of no hydrogen gas to obtain target bacterial liquid containing various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.| | (CN103834586)|The invention provides a method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, which comprises the following steps: respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean: mixing a part of culture solution with a seawater sample, and culturing for 4-8 days under anaerobic gas to obtain a mixed bacterial solution containing multiple anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms; respectively preparing at least one electron donor stock solution; mixing a part of the culture solution with one or more electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution; inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid into the mixed growth liquid, and culturing for 4-8 days under hydrogen-free gas to obtain target bacterial liquid containing various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency; the method has simple process and strong operability, can obtain anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with higher carbon-fixing efficiency in a short time, and can be effectively used in the carbon-fixing process of the microorganisms, thereby realizing the purpose of CO in the atmosphere2The resource utilization is realized.|the invention provides an anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms in oceans, which comprises the following steps:| | (CN103834586)|CARBON FIXING MICROORGANISM(100,78)|ANAEROBIC CARBON FIXING MICROORGANISM(100,66)|DROUGHT BARREN DESERT SOIL(57,1)|ATMOSPHERE2THE RESOURCE UTILIZATION(50,2)|MICROORGANISM ADAPTABILITY(47,1)|BIOSPHERE2HAS SIGNIFICANCE(43,1)|CULTURE SOLUTION(41,29)|SEAWATER SAMPLE(40,27)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISM(34,2)|MARINE SEDIMENT DILUENT(32,6)|DESERT SOIL(30,1)|GENERAL APPLICABILITY(30,1)|SCREENING(29,24)|OPERABILITY(26,3)|ELECTRON DONOR(24,45)|BACTERIAL LIQUID(23,4)|BASIC CULTURE MEDIUM(22,15)|GROWTH REQUIREMENT(22,1)|SEA(21,14)|MIXED BACTERIAL SOLUTION(21,6)|ELECTRON DONOR STOCK SOLUTION(20,22)|MIXED BACTERIAL LIQUID(19,9)|MICROORGANISM(18,10)|STABLE CARBON FIXING(16,6)|ANAEROBIC GAS(16,5)|GROWTH CULTURE SOLUTION(16,5)|METHANEDIONE VOLUME PERCENT(16,2)|CO2GLOBAL(16,1)|CARBON FIXING(15,32)|GROWTH MIX SOLUTION(15,15)|ANAEROBIC MICROBIAL FLORA(15,4)|MIXED GROWTH LIQUID(14,12)|ALGAE(13,1)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE GAS(13,1)|WIDE GROWTH(13,1)|TRACE ELEMENT SOLUTION(12,24)|NITRITE(12,11)|CULTIVATION(12,3)|HYDROGEN OXIDIZING BACTERIA(12,3)|SAFETY HAZARD(12,1)|SOCIAL BENEFIT(12,1)|MIXED ELECTRON DONOR(11,33)|STOCK SOLUTION(11,22)|ILLUMINATION(11,3)|SUPPLYING HYDROGEN(11,2)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE(11,1)|2SO4OR AMMONIUM CHLORIDE(10,2)|FERROUS ION(9,5)|CUSO4 5H2O(9,3)|NA2S2O3AND NA2S(9,3)|ZNSO4 7H2O(9,2)|GROWTH(9,1)|MASS FLOW VIEWPOINT(9,1)|MGSO4 7H2O(8,4)|STERILE WATER(8,3)|KNO(8,1)|SCREENING NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISM(8,1)|HYDROGEN FREE GAS(7,10)|OXYGEN FREE GAS(7,10)|6H2O(7,3)|K2HPO(7,3)|KH2PO(7,3)|COCL(7,2)|H3BO(7,2)|NISO(7,2)|TARGET BACTERIAL LIQUID(6,5)|MARINE SEDIMENT DILUTION SOLUTION(6,4)|2H2O(6,3)|CARBON FIXING MICROORGANISM STRAIN(6,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION(6,3)|ARTIFICIALLY EMITTED CO2THE RESEARCH(6,1)|FLORA SYMBIOSIS(6,1)|GREENHOUSE EFFECT(6,1)|HIGH CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|BASAL MEDIUM(5,5)|HYDROGEN GAS(5,4)|CARBON FIXING MICROBIAL FLORA(5,2)|AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM(5,1)|CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC BACTERIUM(5,1)|CO2THE IMMOBILIZATION(5,1)|SULFUR MONOMER ACCUMULATION(5,1)|ADDED HYDROGEN(4,4)|ABUNDANT CARBON RESOURCE(4,1)|BACTERIAL FLORA SYMBIOTIC ACTION(4,1)|BACTERIAL POPULATION(4,1)|CANUN MEETING(4,1)|CO2THE FIXATION(4,1)|COUNTRY ATTRACTED WIDE INTEREST(4,1)|CULTURED FLORA(4,1)|DEVELOPSPONTANEOUS OXIDATION(4,1)|EXPERT FOCUS(4,1)|FINALLY SCREENED TARGET BACTERIUM(4,1)|FIXING CO2PLANTS(4,1)|K2S2O3THE SULFIDE(4,1)|MASS FLOW(4,1)|MICROORGANISM NEXT CULTIVATION(4,1)|SHORT SCREENING TIME(4,1)|STATIC SULFUR MONOMER(4,1)|SUGGESTION DRAFT(4,1)|SEA AREA(3,7)|MMOL L(3,3)|DECADE(3,2)|HYDROGEN CULTURE(3,2)|MARINE SEDIMENT SAMPLE(3,2)|NANO2THE(3,2)|ANAEROBIC ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION MICROORGANISM(3,1)|ENERGY FLOW(3,1)|FLORA DECREASE(3,1)|REDUCIBILITY(3,1)|STRAIN PROPORTION(3,1)|THIOSULFATE SALT(3,1)|BASIC MEDIUM(2,4)|SODIUM CHLORIDE(2,4)|ELECTRON DONOR HYDROGEN(2,2)|ANAEROBIC CONDITION(2,1)|ANOXIC CONDITION(2,1)|AUSTRALIA COASTAL WATER(2,1)|CARBON FIXATION PATHWAY(2,1)|CO2THE EMISSION REDUCTION(2,1)|CULTURE CYCLE(2,1)|CULTURE PERIOD SELECTION(2,1)|ENVIRONMENT2AND(2,1)|FACULTY(2,1)|FIX CO2(2,1)|MICROBIAL CARBON FIXATION(2,1)|MICROORGANISMS2FIXING(2,1)| | (CN103834586)|1. An anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:|(1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean:|(2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, and culturing for 4-8 days in an oxygen-free gas to obtain a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|(3) respectively preparing at least one electron donor stock solution;|(4) mixing a part of the culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with one or more electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|(5) and adding the mixed bacterial liquid into the mixed growth liquid, and culturing for 4-8 days under the condition of no hydrogen gas to obtain target bacterial liquid containing various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|2. The method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein: adding 2 ml of the trace element solution into each liter of the basic culture medium, wherein the basic culture medium comprises the following components: 0.5 g/L-1.0 g/L KH2PO4、1.0g/L～2.0g/L K2HPO4、0.1g/L～0.2g/L MgSO4·7H2O、10g/L～30g/L NaCl、0.001g/L～0.01g/LCaCl20.0036 mmol/L-0.036 mmol/L ferrous ion and 0.0075 mol/L-0.075 mol/L NH4+Ions, the solution of the trace elements is 1.68mg/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、0.4mg/L H3BO3、1.0mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O、1.0mg/LMnSO4·5H2O、7.0mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、1.0mg/L CoCl2·6H2O or 1.0mg/L NiSO4·7H2And one or more of O.|3. The method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms according to claim 2, wherein: the ferrous ion is FeSO4·7H2O、FeSO4And FeCl2One of (1), the NH4+The ion is (NH)4)2SO4Or NH4Cl。|4. The method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein: the oxygen-free gas contains 5-30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70-95% by volume of hydrogen, and the hydrogen-free gas contains 5-30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70-95% by volume of nitrogen.|5. The method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms according to claim 4, wherein: the oxygen-free gas contains 20 volume percent of carbon dioxide and 80 volume percent of hydrogen, and the hydrogen-free gas contains 20 volume percent of carbon dioxide and 80 volume percent of nitrogen.|6. The method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein: the seawater sample is seawater or ocean sediment diluent, and when the seawater sample is seawater, 25-75 ml of seawater is added into each liter of the culture solution for screening; when the seawater sample is a marine sediment diluent, 25-50 ml of the marine sediment diluent is added to each liter of the culture solution for screening, and the marine sediment diluent is prepared by dissolving 0.1g of marine sediment in each liter of sterile water.|7. The method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution is 80-200 mg/mL.|8. The method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms according to claim 7, wherein: the electron donor is any one of nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide, and the mixed growth solution contains 1-15 g/L of nitrite, 1-15 g/L of thiosulfate or 1-15 g/L of sulfide.|9. The method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms according to claim 8, wherein: the nitrite is NaNO2Or KNO2(ii) a Or the thiosulfate is Na2S2O3Or K2S2O3(ii) a Or the sulfide is Na2S or K2S。 | (CN103834586)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0002] The invention belongs to the field of screening of carbon-fixing microorganisms, and relates to an anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0004] From CO2Global warming due to the "greenhouse effect" caused is a major environmental problem currently facing the world. The 4 th evaluation report from IPCC indicates: in the last decade (1995-2004), CO2Equivalent increased emission rate (9.2 million tons of CO per year)2Equivalence) increased over the previous decade (1970-1994) emission rates (4.3 million tonnes of CO per year)2Equivalent) is much higher. The 'twelve and five planning suggestion draft' in China shows that China will be charged with CO2The emission reduction is at a considerable place. In the Canun meeting held at the end of 2010, China promises to reach 2020, the unit of the total domestic product (GDP) CO2The emission is reduced by 40 to 45 percent compared with 2005. With CO2But also is the most abundant carbon resource on the earth, and has great potential of being converted into resources and energy sources. Thus, CO2The fixation of the zinc oxide has important significance in the aspects of environment, energy and resources. Currently, how to reduce CO is under consideration2On the premise of (1), research on CO2Can effectively reduce free CO in the environment2And can be regenerated into resources, thus having attracted wide interest of all countries in the world.|[0005] CO2The immobilization of (A) mainly includes physical, chemical and biological methods, and most of themBoth physical and chemical methods must be combined with biological methods to finally fix CO2. Biological method for fixing CO2Plants and autotrophic microorganisms are mainly depended on, and the photosynthesis of the plants is more important and more important in the prior art. However, there are various special environments on the earth where plants cannot grow (such as drought-barren desert soil and industrial waste gas capture), and in these special environments, the environmental adaptability advantage of microorganisms is manifested, so that microorganisms fix CO from the viewpoint of mass flow and energy flow of the whole biosphere2Has great significance.|[0006] It is currently accepted that microorganisms with higher carbon sequestration efficiency are mainly hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria among photosynthetic microorganisms and chemoautotrophic bacteria. Photosynthetic microorganisms such as algae require continuous light during cultivation, and are thermolabile and tolerant to high concentrations of CO2And thus its practical application is limited to a certain extent. The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria have a wide growth range without illumination, but the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria must provide high-concentration hydrogen as an electron donor in the growth process, so that the common environmental conditions are difficult to meet the growth requirements, and meanwhile, in practical application, the hydrogen supply has serious potential safety hazards. Therefore, the method can be used for exploring high-efficiency carbon-fixing microorganisms without illumination and hydrogen supply during growth, and can be used for realizing microbial carbon fixation under common environmental conditions (such as soil environment and absorption of CO discharged by industry)2In large bioreactors) are of great importance.|[0007] The ocean plays an important role in the global carbon cycle process, absorbing 2.0Gt (1 Gt = 10) annually9t) artificially emitted CO2The research on carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean is always the focus of the experts in the related fields all over the world. At present, scientists have collected water and soil samples from a plurality of sea areas (including four oceans, dozens of countries and regions) around the world, and obtained a plurality of series of carbon-fixing microbial floras which grow without illumination and hydrogen supply through separation and screening.|[0008] However, in general, the carbon fixation efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms screened from these seawater samples from different sea areas is generally low, and the carbon fixation efficiency of these species reaches a high and utilizable level only after long-term acclimation (e.g., months or even more than a year). In addition, since there are differences in the seawater samples from different sea areas, there are also differences in the methods for screening non-photosynthetic microorganisms. At present, a method for screening non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms which is simple, convenient and efficient and can be suitable for most of sea area water and soil samples is lacked, so that the industrial application of the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms is limited.|DISCLOSURE|[0009] Disclosure of Invention|[0010] The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method, which is used for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in the ocean under anaerobic conditions.|[0011] In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is as follows:|[0012] the invention provides an anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms in oceans, which comprises the following steps:|[0013] (1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean;|[0014] (2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, and culturing for 4-8 days in an anaerobic gas to obtain a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|[0015] (3) respectively preparing at least one electron donor stock solution;|[0016] (4) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with one or more electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|[0017] (5) and adding the mixed bacterial liquid into the mixed growth liquid, and culturing for 4-8 days under hydrogen-free gas to obtain target bacterial liquid containing various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|[0018] In the step (1), 2 ml of trace element solution is added into each liter of basal medium, and the basal medium comprises the following components: 0.5 g/L-1.0 g/L KH2PO4、1.0g/L～2.0g/L K2HPO4、0.1g/L～0.2g/L MgSO4·7H2O、10g/L～30g/L NaCl、0.001g/L～0.01g/L CaCl20.0036 mmol/L-0.036 mmol/L ferrous ion and 0.0075 mol/L-0.075 mol/L NH4+The concentration of ions and trace elements in the solution is 1.68mg/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、0.4mg/LH3BO3、1.0mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O、1.0mg/L MnSO4·5H2O、7.0mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、1.0mg/LCoCl2·6H2O or 1.0mg/L NiSO4·7H2And one or more of O.|[0019] In the step (1), the ferrous ion is FeSO4·7H2O、FeSO4And FeCl2One of (1), NH4+The ion is (NH)4)2SO4Or NH4Cl。|[0020] In the step (2), the oxygen-free gas contains 5-30 vol% of carbon dioxide and 70-95 vol% of hydrogen, and further, the oxygen-free gas preferably contains 20 vol% of carbon dioxide and 80 vol% of hydrogen.|[0021] In the step (2), the seawater sample is seawater or a dilution solution of marine sediments, 25-75 ml of seawater is added to each liter of the culture solution for screening when the seawater sample is seawater, 25-50 ml of dilution solution of marine sediments is added to each liter of the culture solution for screening when the seawater sample is the dilution solution of marine sediments, and the dilution solution of marine sediments is prepared by dissolving 0.1g of marine sediments in each liter of sterile water.|[0022] In the step (3), the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution is 80-200 mg/mL.|[0023] In the step (3), the electron donor is any one of nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide, and the mixed growth solution contains the nitrite with the concentration of 1-15 g/L, the thiosulfate with the concentration of 1-15 g/L or the sulfide with the concentration of 1-15 g/L.|[0024] In the step (3), further, the nitrite is NaNO2Or KNO2The thiosulfate is Na2S2O3Or K2S2O3The sulfide is Na2S or K2S。|[0025] In the step (5), the hydrogen-free gas contains 5 to 30 volume% of carbon dioxide and 70 to 95 volume% of nitrogen, and further, the hydrogen-free gas preferably contains 20 volume% of carbon dioxide and 80 volume% of nitrogen.|[0026] Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0027] the method comprises the steps of firstly screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms from seawater or marine sediment samples by using hydrogen, then culturing the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms by using a mixed electron donor consisting of nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide, and screening high-efficiency anaerobic carbon-fixing microbial floras from the seawater or marine sediment samples in a short time (about 8 days). The method has the advantages of simple process, strong operability, universal applicability to seawater samples in different sea areas, short screening time, high carbon sequestration efficiency and potential economic and social benefits.|INVENTION MODE|[0028] Detailed Description|[0029] The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.|[0030] The anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method firstly screens out various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms from seawater or marine sediments under the anoxic condition in the presence of hydrogen, then utilizes a mixed electron donor system consisting of nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide to continuously culture and screen the obtained anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, and finally obtains floras containing various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency. The detailed process is as follows:|[0031] example one|[0032] The embodiment provides a method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, which is used for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in oceans, and comprises the following steps:|[0033] (1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms:|[0034] (2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, and culturing for 4 days under anaerobic gas (called as a first culture period) to obtain a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|[0035] (3) respectively preparing three kinds of electron donor stock solutions;|[0036] (4) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with the three electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|[0037] (5) and (3) inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step (2) into the mixed growth liquid obtained in the step (4), and culturing for 4 days in the absence of hydrogen gas (called a second culture period) to obtain a target bacterial liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|[0038] In the above step (1), the basal medium comprises the following components: 0.5 g/L-1.0 g/L KH2PO4、1.0g/L～2.0g/LK2HPO4、0.1g/L～0.2g/L MgSO4·7H2O、10g/L～30g/L NaCl、0.001g/L～0.01g/L CaCl20.0036 mmol/L-0.036 mmol/L ferrous ion and 0.0075 mol/L-0.075 mol/L NH4+Ions, a preferred formulation of which is detailed in table 1; the trace element solution comprises the following components: 1.68mg/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、0.4mg/L H3BO3、1.0mg/LZnSO4·7H2O、1.0mg/L MnSO4·5H2O、7.0mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、1.0mg/L CoCl2·6H2O and 1.0mg/LNiSO4·7H2O, the preferred formulation of which is detailed in table 2.|[0039] TABLE 1 optimal formulation of the basal Medium|Raw materialsKH2PO4K2HPO4MgSO4·7H2ONaClCaCl2(NH4)2SO4FeSO4·7H2OConcentration of1.0g/L2.0g/L0.2g/L20g/L0.01g/L0.038mol/L0.0036mmol/L |[0041] Table 2 preferred formula of trace element solution|[0042] |[0043] The mixing proportion of the basic culture medium and the trace element solution is as follows: 2 ml of trace element solution was added per liter of basal medium.|[0044] In step (2) above, the seawater sample is a dilution of marine sediment from coastal waters of australia and france. The marine sediment diluent is as follows: the marine sediment is prepared into a diluent with the concentration of 0.1g/L by taking sterile water as a solvent, and the addition amount of the marine sediment diluent is 25mL of the marine sediment diluent added into each 1L of culture solution for screening. The oxygen-free gas may contain 5-30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70-95% by volume of hydrogen, and in this embodiment, the oxygen-free gas preferably contains 20% by volume of carbon dioxide and 80% by volume of hydrogen, and the environment formed by the oxygen-free gas is the above-mentioned oxygen-deficient condition. The culture is generally carried out under an anaerobic atmosphere for 4 to 8 days, preferably for 4 days in this embodiment.|[0045] In the step (3), the electron donors in the three electron donor stock solutions are nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide, respectively. An alternative nitrite is NaNO2Or KNO2An alternative thiosulfate salt is Na2S2O3Or K2S2O3Can selectThe sulfide of (A) is Na2S or K2And S. The preferred three electron donors in this embodiment are NaNO2、Na2S2O3And Na2S, the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution can be 80-200 mg/mL, and 80mg/mL is preferred in the embodiment.|[0046] In the step (4), the three electron donors can be added in such an amount that the mixed growth solution contains nitrite at a concentration of 1-15 g/L, thiosulfate at a concentration of 1-15 g/L, or sulfide at a concentration of 1-15 g/L. The preferred amounts of the three electron donors in this example are such that NaNO is added2The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10g/L2S2O3The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10g/L2The concentration of S in the mixed growth liquid is 10 g/L. The simultaneous addition of these three electron donors constitutes the mixed electron donor mentioned above.|[0047] In the step (5), 25mL of the mixed bacterial liquid is added to 1L of the mixed growth liquid, and the hydrogen-free gas may contain 5-30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70-95% by volume of nitrogen, and in this embodiment, the hydrogen-free gas preferably contains 20% by volume of carbon dioxide and 80% by volume of nitrogen. The culture is carried out for 4 to 8 days in general, and preferably for 4 days in this embodiment.|[0048] The screening method results in an anaerobic microbial flora which comprises anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms capable of utilizing hydrogen and anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms capable of utilizing a mixed electron donor, and is not a single strain. The first culture period is set to 4 to 8 days, and since the structure of the entire microbial flora tends to better utilize hydrogen and the proportion of the strains utilizing the mixed electron donor in the flora decreases if the hydrogen is used for a longer time, such as ten days or more, the selection of the first culture period to 4 to 8 days allows the number of the strains utilizing the mixed electron donor and the strains utilizing the hydrogen to be balanced, so that the entire flora can utilize both the hydrogen and the mixed electron donor. If the first culture period reaches a period of ten days or more and then the mixed electron donor is used for culture, the carbon fixation efficiency of the whole flora is poor because the hydrogen-utilizing strain dominates and the mixed electron donor is not efficiently utilized.|[0049] Compared with a single photosynthetic microorganism, the carbon fixing efficiency of a single non-photosynthetic carbon fixing microorganism strain is generally low, mainly because the energy of the single photosynthetic carbon fixing microorganism strain can only come from the energy released when inorganic matters (electron donors) are oxidized, and the energy generated by the oxidation of the inorganic matters is low, so that the carbon fixing efficiency of the single non-photosynthetic carbon fixing microorganism strain is low. The anaerobic microbial flora obtained by the screening method has relatively high carbon fixation efficiency and CO fixation efficiency on the whole anaerobic microbial flora because the carbon fixation pathway and available energy substance types are more although the carbon fixation efficiency of the single strain of microorganism is lower than that of the single strain of photosynthetic microorganism2In the process, the most favorable carbon fixing path and the most favorable energy substance utilization mode can be selected according to the environmental conditions.|[0050] In order to research the carbon fixation efficiency of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms finally obtained in the screening process, the target bacterial liquid obtained in the second culture period is sampled, and the total organic carbon concentration in the sample is determined by adopting a TOC (total organic carbon) determination method. The total organic carbon concentration in the culture solution provided by the step (1) is 0, and the carbon source which can be utilized by the microorganism in the culture process is only CO in the anaerobic gas2The only inorganic carbon source is the total organic carbon increased in the culture medium due to the CO produced by the microorganisms2Fixing the obtained product.|[0051] The results of this example show that the carbon sequestration efficiency of anaerobic carbon-sequestration microorganisms screened from seawater samples in the coastal region of Australia is 97 Cg-1Cell C.L-1Comparison of non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened with hydrogen, a well-known optimal electron donor (hydrogen without mixed electron donor in both cultivation cycles), and non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened with mixed electron donor (hydrogen in both cultivation cycles)Cultured by a mixed electron donor without adding hydrogen), the carbon fixing efficiency of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by the seawater sample is respectively 171 percent higher and 131 percent higher;|[0052] the carbon-fixing efficiency of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened from seawater samples in the coastal area of France is 131g C g-1Cell C.L-1Compared with the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by screening with the well-known optimal electron donor hydrogen (both cultured with hydrogen without adding the mixed electron donor) and the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by screening with the mixed electron donor (both cultured with the mixed electron donor without adding hydrogen), the carbon-fixing efficiency of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by the seawater sample is respectively 172% higher and 240% higher.|[0053] In the method for screening the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, only hydrogen needs to be introduced in the first culture period, namely the initial stage of screening, and the finally screened target bacteria liquid does not need to be introduced with high-concentration hydrogen during growth, so that the safety is good. The target bacterial liquid contains a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, and the flora formed by the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms has a plurality of symbiotic actions during growth, so that the flora can utilize hydrogen and mixed electron donors in a switchable manner as a whole, hydrogen is mainly utilized when the hydrogen concentration in the environment is high, and the mixed electron donor is mainly utilized when the content of the mixed electron donor in the environment is high, so that the flora has good adaptability to the environment, and the carbon-fixing efficiency in the whole cannot change too much due to the change of the environment. However, since the metabolic pathway of a single bacterial species is limited, the types of available electron donors are also limited, and thus, a mixed electron donor cannot be used, and the ability to use different electron donors by switching is not provided, the present embodiment aims to screen a bacterial population having a symbiotic effect rather than screening a single bacterial species.|[0054] In addition, the symbiotic action of the bacterial flora can ensure the full utilization of the mixed electron donor. Since the electron donor is generally a substance having a relatively strong reducibility, such as sulfide, it is liable to developSpontaneous oxidation occurs, that is, they may spontaneously oxidize to less reduced species sulfate and sulfur monomer (S) before they are utilized by the flora0). Not only does this waste the energy supply potential of the mixed electron donor, but the non-biostatic sulfur monomer produced by it is also collected during the collection of the microorganism, which in turn affects the next cultivation of the microorganism. And the influence on the carbon sequestration effect of microorganisms is more obvious along with the accumulation of the sulfur monomer.|[0055] Furthermore, the symbiosis of the flora is also beneficial to the collection of microorganisms, and in the screening process, the hydrogen is used for culture in the first culture period, so that the obtained mixed bacterial liquid has no non-biological precipitate, and the microorganisms are easy to collect and utilize. The second culture period uses the mixed electron donor for culture, and the number of microorganisms is greatly increased after the culture in the first culture period, so that the utilization speed of the mixed electron donor is possibly higher than the oxidation speed of the mixed electron donor, certain electron donors can be fully and effectively utilized before spontaneous oxidation, the phenomenon of spontaneous oxidation is reduced or tends to disappear, and the cultured flora is easy to collect and can be recycled.|[0056] Example two|[0057] The embodiment provides a method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, which is used for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in oceans, and comprises the following steps:|[0058] (1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms:|[0059] (2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, culturing for 4 days under anaerobic gas, and screening out a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|[0060] (3) respectively preparing three kinds of electron donor stock solutions;|[0061] (4) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with the three electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|[0062] (5) and (3) inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step (2) into the mixed growth liquid obtained in the step (4), and culturing for 4 days in the absence of hydrogen gas to obtain the target bacterial liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|[0063] In the step (1), the basic medium and the trace element solution are prepared according to the same formula as in the first embodiment. The mixing ratio of the basic medium and the trace element solution was the same as in example one.|[0064] In the above step (2), the seawater sample is seawater from the ocean surface in the south and north sea areas. The amount of seawater added was 25mL per 1L of the culture medium for screening. The oxygen-free gas contains 5% by volume of carbon dioxide and 95% by volume of hydrogen. In the step (3), the electron donors in the three electron donor stock solutions are respectively NaNO2、Na2S2O3And Na2S, the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution is 160 mg/mL.|[0065] In the step (4), the addition amounts of the three electron donor stock solutions are as follows: NaNO2The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10.4g/L2S2O3The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10.7g/L2The concentration of S in the mixed growth liquid is 9.8 g/L.|[0066] In the step (5), 25mL of the mixed bacterial liquid is added to 1L of the mixed growth liquid, and the hydrogen-free gas preferably contains 30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70% by volume of nitrogen.|[0067] The results of this example show that the carbon-fixing efficiency of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened from seawater samples in Antarctic sea area is 126g C g-1Cell C.L-1Comparison of non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened with hydrogen, a well-established optimal electron donor (hydrogen culture with both culture cycles, without addition of hydrogen)Mixed electron donor), and the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by screening the mixed electron donor (the mixed electron donor is used for culturing in two culture periods without adding hydrogen), the carbon-fixing effect of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by the seawater sample is 260% higher and 254% higher respectively.|[0068] The carbon fixing efficiency of anaerobic carbon fixing microorganisms screened from seawater samples in the arctic sea area is 128g C g-1Cell C.L-1Compared with the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened by using the well-known optimal electron donor hydrogen (both cultured by using hydrogen without adding the mixed electron donor) and the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened by using the mixed electron donor (both cultured by using the mixed electron donor without adding hydrogen), the seawater sample has the carbon-fixing effect which is respectively 361 percent higher than that of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms and 304 percent higher than that of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms.|[0069] EXAMPLE III|[0070] The embodiment provides a method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, which is used for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in oceans, and comprises the following steps:|[0071] (1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms:|[0072] (2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, culturing for 4 days under anaerobic gas, and screening out a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|[0073] (3) respectively preparing three kinds of electron donor stock solutions;|[0074] (4) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with the three electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|[0075] (5) and (3) inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step (2) into the mixed growth liquid obtained in the step (4), and culturing for 4 days in the absence of hydrogen gas to obtain the target bacterial liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|[0076] In the step (1), the basic medium and the trace element solution are prepared according to the same formula as in the first embodiment. The mixing ratio of the basic medium and the trace element solution was the same as in example one.|[0077] In the above step (2), the seawater sample is seawater from Qingdao, Shanghai, Xiamen, Hainan, Thailand Pregiia, Japan Sendai and Babuya New Guinea. The amount of seawater added was 25mL per 1L of the culture medium for screening. The oxygen-free gas contains 30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70% by volume of hydrogen.|[0078] In the step (3), the electron donors in the three electron donor stock solutions are respectively NaNO2、Na2S2O3And Na2S, the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution is 160 mg/mL.|[0079] In the step (4), the addition amounts of the three electron donor stock solutions are as follows: NaNO2The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10.4g/L2S2O3The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10.7g/L2The concentration of S in the mixed growth liquid is 9.8 g/L.|[0080] In the step (5), 25mL of the mixed bacterial liquid is added to 1L of the mixed growth liquid, and the hydrogen-free gas preferably contains 5% by volume of carbon dioxide and 95% by volume of nitrogen.|[0081] The results of this example show that the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened from seawater samples from several sea areas, Qingdao, Shanghai, Xiamen, Hainan, Thailand Prigy island, Japan Sendai and Babuyia Xinguiya, respectively, have an average carbon-fixing efficiency of 99g C g-1Cell C.L-1Comparison of non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened with hydrogen, a well-established optimal electron donor (hydrogen culture with no mixed electron donor added in both culture cycles), toAnd non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened by the mixed electron donor (cultured by the mixed electron donor in both culture periods without adding H)2) In this embodiment, the carbon fixing effect of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism is 208% and 204% higher.|[0082] In conclusion, the method for screening the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms is simple in process and strong in operability, and can obtain the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in a short time. Experiments prove that the method is effective for seawater or marine sediment samples from more than ten sea areas of the four oceans in the world, and the method is universal for screening and obtaining non-photosynthetic high-efficiency carbon-fixing microorganisms in a short time and can be suitable for water and soil samples of most sea areas. The anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method can be effectively used for fixing CO by microorganisms2Thereby realizing the control of CO in the atmosphere2The resource utilization is realized.|[0083] The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention. | (CN103834586)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0002] The invention belongs to the field of screening of carbon-fixing microorganisms, and relates to an anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0004] From CO2Global warming due to the "greenhouse effect" caused is a major environmental problem currently facing the world. The 4 th evaluation report from IPCC indicates: in the last decade (1995-2004), CO2Equivalent increased emission rate (9.2 million tons of CO per year)2Equivalence) increased over the previous decade (1970-1994) emission rates (4.3 million tonnes of CO per year)2Equivalent) is much higher. The 'twelve and five planning suggestion draft' in China shows that China will be charged with CO2The emission reduction is at a considerable place. In the Canun meeting held at the end of 2010, China promises to reach 2020, the unit of the total domestic product (GDP) CO2The emission is reduced by 40 to 45 percent compared with 2005. With CO2But also is the most abundant carbon resource on the earth, and has great potential of being converted into resources and energy sources. Thus, CO2The fixation of the zinc oxide has important significance in the aspects of environment, energy and resources. Currently, how to reduce CO is under consideration2On the premise of (1), research on CO2Can effectively reduce free CO in the environment2And can be regenerated into resources, thus having attracted wide interest of all countries in the world.|[0005] CO2The immobilization of (A) mainly includes physical, chemical and biological methods, and most of themBoth physical and chemical methods must be combined with biological methods to finally fix CO2. Biological method for fixing CO2Plants and autotrophic microorganisms are mainly depended on, and the photosynthesis of the plants is more important and more important in the prior art. However, there are various special environments on the earth where plants cannot grow (such as drought-barren desert soil and industrial waste gas capture), and in these special environments, the environmental adaptability advantage of microorganisms is manifested, so that microorganisms fix CO from the viewpoint of mass flow and energy flow of the whole biosphere2Has great significance.|[0006] It is currently accepted that microorganisms with higher carbon sequestration efficiency are mainly hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria among photosynthetic microorganisms and chemoautotrophic bacteria. Photosynthetic microorganisms such as algae require continuous light during cultivation, and are thermolabile and tolerant to high concentrations of CO2And thus its practical application is limited to a certain extent. The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria have a wide growth range without illumination, but the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria must provide high-concentration hydrogen as an electron donor in the growth process, so that the common environmental conditions are difficult to meet the growth requirements, and meanwhile, in practical application, the hydrogen supply has serious potential safety hazards. Therefore, the method can be used for exploring high-efficiency carbon-fixing microorganisms without illumination and hydrogen supply during growth, and can be used for realizing microbial carbon fixation under common environmental conditions (such as soil environment and absorption of CO discharged by industry)2In large bioreactors) are of great importance.|[0007] The ocean plays an important role in the global carbon cycle process, absorbing 2.0Gt (1 Gt = 10) annually9t) artificially emitted CO2The research on carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean is always the focus of the experts in the related fields all over the world. At present, scientists have collected water and soil samples from a plurality of sea areas (including four oceans, dozens of countries and regions) around the world, and obtained a plurality of series of carbon-fixing microbial floras which grow without illumination and hydrogen supply through separation and screening.|[0008] However, in general, the carbon fixation efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms screened from these seawater samples from different sea areas is generally low, and the carbon fixation efficiency of these species reaches a high and utilizable level only after long-term acclimation (e.g., months or even more than a year). In addition, since there are differences in the seawater samples from different sea areas, there are also differences in the methods for screening non-photosynthetic microorganisms. At present, a method for screening non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms which is simple, convenient and efficient and can be suitable for most of sea area water and soil samples is lacked, so that the industrial application of the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms is limited.|DISCLOSURE|[0009] Disclosure of Invention|[0010] The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method, which is used for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in the ocean under anaerobic conditions.|[0011] In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is as follows:|[0012] the invention provides an anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms in oceans, which comprises the following steps:|[0013] (1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean;|[0014] (2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, and culturing for 4-8 days in an anaerobic gas to obtain a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|[0015] (3) respectively preparing at least one electron donor stock solution;|[0016] (4) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with one or more electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|[0017] (5) and adding the mixed bacterial liquid into the mixed growth liquid, and culturing for 4-8 days under hydrogen-free gas to obtain target bacterial liquid containing various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|[0018] In the step (1), 2 ml of trace element solution is added into each liter of basal medium, and the basal medium comprises the following components: 0.5 g/L-1.0 g/L KH2PO4、1.0g/L～2.0g/L K2HPO4、0.1g/L～0.2g/L MgSO4·7H2O、10g/L～30g/L NaCl、0.001g/L～0.01g/L CaCl20.0036 mmol/L-0.036 mmol/L ferrous ion and 0.0075 mol/L-0.075 mol/L NH4+The concentration of ions and trace elements in the solution is 1.68mg/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、0.4mg/LH3BO3、1.0mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O、1.0mg/L MnSO4·5H2O、7.0mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、1.0mg/LCoCl2·6H2O or 1.0mg/L NiSO4·7H2And one or more of O.|[0019] In the step (1), the ferrous ion is FeSO4·7H2O、FeSO4And FeCl2One of (1), NH4+The ion is (NH)4)2SO4Or NH4Cl。|[0020] In the step (2), the oxygen-free gas contains 5-30 vol% of carbon dioxide and 70-95 vol% of hydrogen, and further, the oxygen-free gas preferably contains 20 vol% of carbon dioxide and 80 vol% of hydrogen.|[0021] In the step (2), the seawater sample is seawater or a dilution solution of marine sediments, 25-75 ml of seawater is added to each liter of the culture solution for screening when the seawater sample is seawater, 25-50 ml of dilution solution of marine sediments is added to each liter of the culture solution for screening when the seawater sample is the dilution solution of marine sediments, and the dilution solution of marine sediments is prepared by dissolving 0.1g of marine sediments in each liter of sterile water.|[0022] In the step (3), the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution is 80-200 mg/mL.|[0023] In the step (3), the electron donor is any one of nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide, and the mixed growth solution contains the nitrite with the concentration of 1-15 g/L, the thiosulfate with the concentration of 1-15 g/L or the sulfide with the concentration of 1-15 g/L.|[0024] In the step (3), further, the nitrite is NaNO2Or KNO2The thiosulfate is Na2S2O3Or K2S2O3The sulfide is Na2S or K2S。|[0025] In the step (5), the hydrogen-free gas contains 5 to 30 volume% of carbon dioxide and 70 to 95 volume% of nitrogen, and further, the hydrogen-free gas preferably contains 20 volume% of carbon dioxide and 80 volume% of nitrogen.|[0026] Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0027] the method comprises the steps of firstly screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms from seawater or marine sediment samples by using hydrogen, then culturing the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms by using a mixed electron donor consisting of nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide, and screening high-efficiency anaerobic carbon-fixing microbial floras from the seawater or marine sediment samples in a short time (about 8 days). The method has the advantages of simple process, strong operability, universal applicability to seawater samples in different sea areas, short screening time, high carbon sequestration efficiency and potential economic and social benefits.|INVENTION MODE|[0028] Detailed Description|[0029] The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.|[0030] The anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method firstly screens out various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms from seawater or marine sediments under the anoxic condition in the presence of hydrogen, then utilizes a mixed electron donor system consisting of nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide to continuously culture and screen the obtained anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, and finally obtains floras containing various anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency. The detailed process is as follows:|[0031] example one|[0032] The embodiment provides a method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, which is used for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in oceans, and comprises the following steps:|[0033] (1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms:|[0034] (2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, and culturing for 4 days under anaerobic gas (called as a first culture period) to obtain a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|[0035] (3) respectively preparing three kinds of electron donor stock solutions;|[0036] (4) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with the three electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|[0037] (5) and (3) inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step (2) into the mixed growth liquid obtained in the step (4), and culturing for 4 days in the absence of hydrogen gas (called a second culture period) to obtain a target bacterial liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|[0038] In the above step (1), the basal medium comprises the following components: 0.5 g/L-1.0 g/L KH2PO4、1.0g/L～2.0g/LK2HPO4、0.1g/L～0.2g/L MgSO4·7H2O、10g/L～30g/L NaCl、0.001g/L～0.01g/L CaCl20.0036 mmol/L-0.036 mmol/L ferrous ion and 0.0075 mol/L-0.075 mol/L NH4+Ions, a preferred formulation of which is detailed in table 1; the trace element solution comprises the following components: 1.68mg/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、0.4mg/L H3BO3、1.0mg/LZnSO4·7H2O、1.0mg/L MnSO4·5H2O、7.0mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、1.0mg/L CoCl2·6H2O and 1.0mg/LNiSO4·7H2O, the preferred formulation of which is detailed in table 2.|[0039] TABLE 1 optimal formulation of the basal Medium|Raw materialsKH2PO4K2HPO4MgSO4·7H2ONaClCaCl2(NH4)2SO4FeSO4·7H2OConcentration of1.0g/L2.0g/L0.2g/L20g/L0.01g/L0.038mol/L0.0036mmol/L |[0041] Table 2 preferred formula of trace element solution|[0042] |[0043] The mixing proportion of the basic culture medium and the trace element solution is as follows: 2 ml of trace element solution was added per liter of basal medium.|[0044] In step (2) above, the seawater sample is a dilution of marine sediment from coastal waters of australia and france. The marine sediment diluent is as follows: the marine sediment is prepared into a diluent with the concentration of 0.1g/L by taking sterile water as a solvent, and the addition amount of the marine sediment diluent is 25mL of the marine sediment diluent added into each 1L of culture solution for screening. The oxygen-free gas may contain 5-30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70-95% by volume of hydrogen, and in this embodiment, the oxygen-free gas preferably contains 20% by volume of carbon dioxide and 80% by volume of hydrogen, and the environment formed by the oxygen-free gas is the above-mentioned oxygen-deficient condition. The culture is generally carried out under an anaerobic atmosphere for 4 to 8 days, preferably for 4 days in this embodiment.|[0045] In the step (3), the electron donors in the three electron donor stock solutions are nitrite, thiosulfate and sulfide, respectively. An alternative nitrite is NaNO2Or KNO2An alternative thiosulfate salt is Na2S2O3Or K2S2O3Can selectThe sulfide of (A) is Na2S or K2And S. The preferred three electron donors in this embodiment are NaNO2、Na2S2O3And Na2S, the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution can be 80-200 mg/mL, and 80mg/mL is preferred in the embodiment.|[0046] In the step (4), the three electron donors can be added in such an amount that the mixed growth solution contains nitrite at a concentration of 1-15 g/L, thiosulfate at a concentration of 1-15 g/L, or sulfide at a concentration of 1-15 g/L. The preferred amounts of the three electron donors in this example are such that NaNO is added2The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10g/L2S2O3The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10g/L2The concentration of S in the mixed growth liquid is 10 g/L. The simultaneous addition of these three electron donors constitutes the mixed electron donor mentioned above.|[0047] In the step (5), 25mL of the mixed bacterial liquid is added to 1L of the mixed growth liquid, and the hydrogen-free gas may contain 5-30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70-95% by volume of nitrogen, and in this embodiment, the hydrogen-free gas preferably contains 20% by volume of carbon dioxide and 80% by volume of nitrogen. The culture is carried out for 4 to 8 days in general, and preferably for 4 days in this embodiment.|[0048] The screening method results in an anaerobic microbial flora which comprises anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms capable of utilizing hydrogen and anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms capable of utilizing a mixed electron donor, and is not a single strain. The first culture period is set to 4 to 8 days, and since the structure of the entire microbial flora tends to better utilize hydrogen and the proportion of the strains utilizing the mixed electron donor in the flora decreases if the hydrogen is used for a longer time, such as ten days or more, the selection of the first culture period to 4 to 8 days allows the number of the strains utilizing the mixed electron donor and the strains utilizing the hydrogen to be balanced, so that the entire flora can utilize both the hydrogen and the mixed electron donor. If the first culture period reaches a period of ten days or more and then the mixed electron donor is used for culture, the carbon fixation efficiency of the whole flora is poor because the hydrogen-utilizing strain dominates and the mixed electron donor is not efficiently utilized.|[0049] Compared with a single photosynthetic microorganism, the carbon fixing efficiency of a single non-photosynthetic carbon fixing microorganism strain is generally low, mainly because the energy of the single photosynthetic carbon fixing microorganism strain can only come from the energy released when inorganic matters (electron donors) are oxidized, and the energy generated by the oxidation of the inorganic matters is low, so that the carbon fixing efficiency of the single non-photosynthetic carbon fixing microorganism strain is low. The anaerobic microbial flora obtained by the screening method has relatively high carbon fixation efficiency and CO fixation efficiency on the whole anaerobic microbial flora because the carbon fixation pathway and available energy substance types are more although the carbon fixation efficiency of the single strain of microorganism is lower than that of the single strain of photosynthetic microorganism2In the process, the most favorable carbon fixing path and the most favorable energy substance utilization mode can be selected according to the environmental conditions.|[0050] In order to research the carbon fixation efficiency of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms finally obtained in the screening process, the target bacterial liquid obtained in the second culture period is sampled, and the total organic carbon concentration in the sample is determined by adopting a TOC (total organic carbon) determination method. The total organic carbon concentration in the culture solution provided by the step (1) is 0, and the carbon source which can be utilized by the microorganism in the culture process is only CO in the anaerobic gas2The only inorganic carbon source is the total organic carbon increased in the culture medium due to the CO produced by the microorganisms2Fixing the obtained product.|[0051] The results of this example show that the carbon sequestration efficiency of anaerobic carbon-sequestration microorganisms screened from seawater samples in the coastal region of Australia is 97 Cg-1Cell C.L-1Comparison of non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened with hydrogen, a well-known optimal electron donor (hydrogen without mixed electron donor in both cultivation cycles), and non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened with mixed electron donor (hydrogen in both cultivation cycles)Cultured by a mixed electron donor without adding hydrogen), the carbon fixing efficiency of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by the seawater sample is respectively 171 percent higher and 131 percent higher;|[0052] the carbon-fixing efficiency of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened from seawater samples in the coastal area of France is 131g C g-1Cell C.L-1Compared with the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by screening with the well-known optimal electron donor hydrogen (both cultured with hydrogen without adding the mixed electron donor) and the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by screening with the mixed electron donor (both cultured with the mixed electron donor without adding hydrogen), the carbon-fixing efficiency of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by the seawater sample is respectively 172% higher and 240% higher.|[0053] In the method for screening the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, only hydrogen needs to be introduced in the first culture period, namely the initial stage of screening, and the finally screened target bacteria liquid does not need to be introduced with high-concentration hydrogen during growth, so that the safety is good. The target bacterial liquid contains a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, and the flora formed by the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms has a plurality of symbiotic actions during growth, so that the flora can utilize hydrogen and mixed electron donors in a switchable manner as a whole, hydrogen is mainly utilized when the hydrogen concentration in the environment is high, and the mixed electron donor is mainly utilized when the content of the mixed electron donor in the environment is high, so that the flora has good adaptability to the environment, and the carbon-fixing efficiency in the whole cannot change too much due to the change of the environment. However, since the metabolic pathway of a single bacterial species is limited, the types of available electron donors are also limited, and thus, a mixed electron donor cannot be used, and the ability to use different electron donors by switching is not provided, the present embodiment aims to screen a bacterial population having a symbiotic effect rather than screening a single bacterial species.|[0054] In addition, the symbiotic action of the bacterial flora can ensure the full utilization of the mixed electron donor. Since the electron donor is generally a substance having a relatively strong reducibility, such as sulfide, it is liable to developSpontaneous oxidation occurs, that is, they may spontaneously oxidize to less reduced species sulfate and sulfur monomer (S) before they are utilized by the flora0). Not only does this waste the energy supply potential of the mixed electron donor, but the non-biostatic sulfur monomer produced by it is also collected during the collection of the microorganism, which in turn affects the next cultivation of the microorganism. And the influence on the carbon sequestration effect of microorganisms is more obvious along with the accumulation of the sulfur monomer.|[0055] Furthermore, the symbiosis of the flora is also beneficial to the collection of microorganisms, and in the screening process, the hydrogen is used for culture in the first culture period, so that the obtained mixed bacterial liquid has no non-biological precipitate, and the microorganisms are easy to collect and utilize. The second culture period uses the mixed electron donor for culture, and the number of microorganisms is greatly increased after the culture in the first culture period, so that the utilization speed of the mixed electron donor is possibly higher than the oxidation speed of the mixed electron donor, certain electron donors can be fully and effectively utilized before spontaneous oxidation, the phenomenon of spontaneous oxidation is reduced or tends to disappear, and the cultured flora is easy to collect and can be recycled.|[0056] Example two|[0057] The embodiment provides a method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, which is used for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in oceans, and comprises the following steps:|[0058] (1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms:|[0059] (2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, culturing for 4 days under anaerobic gas, and screening out a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|[0060] (3) respectively preparing three kinds of electron donor stock solutions;|[0061] (4) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with the three electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|[0062] (5) and (3) inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step (2) into the mixed growth liquid obtained in the step (4), and culturing for 4 days in the absence of hydrogen gas to obtain the target bacterial liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|[0063] In the step (1), the basic medium and the trace element solution are prepared according to the same formula as in the first embodiment. The mixing ratio of the basic medium and the trace element solution was the same as in example one.|[0064] In the above step (2), the seawater sample is seawater from the ocean surface in the south and north sea areas. The amount of seawater added was 25mL per 1L of the culture medium for screening. The oxygen-free gas contains 5% by volume of carbon dioxide and 95% by volume of hydrogen. In the step (3), the electron donors in the three electron donor stock solutions are respectively NaNO2、Na2S2O3And Na2S, the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution is 160 mg/mL.|[0065] In the step (4), the addition amounts of the three electron donor stock solutions are as follows: NaNO2The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10.4g/L2S2O3The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10.7g/L2The concentration of S in the mixed growth liquid is 9.8 g/L.|[0066] In the step (5), 25mL of the mixed bacterial liquid is added to 1L of the mixed growth liquid, and the hydrogen-free gas preferably contains 30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70% by volume of nitrogen.|[0067] The results of this example show that the carbon-fixing efficiency of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened from seawater samples in Antarctic sea area is 126g C g-1Cell C.L-1Comparison of non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened with hydrogen, a well-established optimal electron donor (hydrogen culture with both culture cycles, without addition of hydrogen)Mixed electron donor), and the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by screening the mixed electron donor (the mixed electron donor is used for culturing in two culture periods without adding hydrogen), the carbon-fixing effect of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism obtained by the seawater sample is 260% higher and 254% higher respectively.|[0068] The carbon fixing efficiency of anaerobic carbon fixing microorganisms screened from seawater samples in the arctic sea area is 128g C g-1Cell C.L-1Compared with the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened by using the well-known optimal electron donor hydrogen (both cultured by using hydrogen without adding the mixed electron donor) and the non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened by using the mixed electron donor (both cultured by using the mixed electron donor without adding hydrogen), the seawater sample has the carbon-fixing effect which is respectively 361 percent higher than that of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms and 304 percent higher than that of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms.|[0069] EXAMPLE III|[0070] The embodiment provides a method for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms, which is used for screening anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in oceans, and comprises the following steps:|[0071] (1) respectively preparing a basic culture medium and a trace element solution, and mixing the basic culture medium and the trace element solution to obtain a culture solution suitable for the growth of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms:|[0072] (2) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a culture solution for screening with a seawater sample, culturing for 4 days under anaerobic gas, and screening out a mixed bacterial solution containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms;|[0073] (3) respectively preparing three kinds of electron donor stock solutions;|[0074] (4) mixing a part of culture solution serving as a growth culture solution with the three electron donor stock solutions to obtain a mixed growth solution;|[0075] (5) and (3) inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step (2) into the mixed growth liquid obtained in the step (4), and culturing for 4 days in the absence of hydrogen gas to obtain the target bacterial liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with stable carbon-fixing efficiency.|[0076] In the step (1), the basic medium and the trace element solution are prepared according to the same formula as in the first embodiment. The mixing ratio of the basic medium and the trace element solution was the same as in example one.|[0077] In the above step (2), the seawater sample is seawater from Qingdao, Shanghai, Xiamen, Hainan, Thailand Pregiia, Japan Sendai and Babuya New Guinea. The amount of seawater added was 25mL per 1L of the culture medium for screening. The oxygen-free gas contains 30% by volume of carbon dioxide and 70% by volume of hydrogen.|[0078] In the step (3), the electron donors in the three electron donor stock solutions are respectively NaNO2、Na2S2O3And Na2S, the concentration of the electron donor in each electron donor stock solution is 160 mg/mL.|[0079] In the step (4), the addition amounts of the three electron donor stock solutions are as follows: NaNO2The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10.4g/L2S2O3The concentration of Na in the mixed growth solution is 10.7g/L2The concentration of S in the mixed growth liquid is 9.8 g/L.|[0080] In the step (5), 25mL of the mixed bacterial liquid is added to 1L of the mixed growth liquid, and the hydrogen-free gas preferably contains 5% by volume of carbon dioxide and 95% by volume of nitrogen.|[0081] The results of this example show that the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened from seawater samples from several sea areas, Qingdao, Shanghai, Xiamen, Hainan, Thailand Prigy island, Japan Sendai and Babuyia Xinguiya, respectively, have an average carbon-fixing efficiency of 99g C g-1Cell C.L-1Comparison of non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened with hydrogen, a well-established optimal electron donor (hydrogen culture with no mixed electron donor added in both culture cycles), toAnd non-photosynthetic carbon-fixing microorganisms screened by the mixed electron donor (cultured by the mixed electron donor in both culture periods without adding H)2) In this embodiment, the carbon fixing effect of the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism is 208% and 204% higher.|[0082] In conclusion, the method for screening the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms is simple in process and strong in operability, and can obtain the anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganisms with high carbon-fixing efficiency in a short time. Experiments prove that the method is effective for seawater or marine sediment samples from more than ten sea areas of the four oceans in the world, and the method is universal for screening and obtaining non-photosynthetic high-efficiency carbon-fixing microorganisms in a short time and can be suitable for water and soil samples of most sea areas. The anaerobic carbon-fixing microorganism screening method can be effectively used for fixing CO by microorganisms2Thereby realizing the control of CO in the atmosphere2The resource utilization is realized.|[0083] The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention. | Family Number|(66164528)|66164528|Abstract|(CN103834586 A)|The invention provides an anaerobic carbon sequestration microbe screening method . The method comprises the following steps : respectively preparing a basic medium and a trace element solution , mixing the basic medium with the trace element solution to obtain a nutrient solution suitable for growth of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes in an ocean , mixing a part of the nutrient solution with a seawater sample and culturing the obtained mixture in oxygen - free gas for 4 to 8 d so as to obtain a mixed bacteria liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes ; respectively preparing at least one electron donor stock solution ; mixing a part of the nutrient solution with one or more electron donor stock solutions so as to obtain a mixed growth liquid ; and inoculating the mixed bacteria liquid into the mixed growth liquid and carrying out culturing in hydrogen - free gas for 4 to 8 d so as to obtain a target bacteria liquid containing the plurality of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes with stable carbon sequestration efficiency . The method provided by the invention has simple process and good operability , can obtain anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes with high carbon sequestration efficiency in a short period of time and is effectively used in the process of microbial carbon sequestration , thereby realizing reclamation of CO2 in atmosphere . |Title|(CN103834586 A)|Anaerobic carbon sequestration microbe screening method | | Biotechnology | C12N-001/02|C12N-001/20 | C12N-001/02|C12N-001/20 | CN106676022|CN105176968 | CN106676022 76137959 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN105176968 71828685 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN102660460|CN102660492 | CN102660460 7881324 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=Y|CN102660492 7881473 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=Y | 胡佳俊等: "微生物固定C02技术及其应用", 《化工环保》 (Cat. A)|胡佳俊等: "非光合CO2 同化微生物菌群的选育/优化及其群落结构分析", 《环境科学》 (Cat. Y) | CN102660460; CN102660492 | LAPSED | (CN103834586)|LAPSED | DEAD | (CN103834586)|DEAD | (CN103834586)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN103834586|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-05-11|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2013-12-30|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN201310746050|Application date=2013-12-30|Standardized application number=2013CN-0746050|Event publication date=2014-06-04|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN103834586|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2014-06-04|Standardized publication number=CN103834586|Event publication date=2014-06-04|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2014-07-02|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2016-05-11|Event code=CN/WD01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=tO7C931onjnvrmjt/aVrxVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000008879915&ekey=2468&xpn=CN103834586&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=GYCiz59NTMX%252Fwf8j8fTr5JNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN103834586)|NAME=WU LINSONG;SHANGHAI ZHI XIN PATENT AGENT LTD. | (CN103834586)|NAME=HU JIAJUN|NAME=WANG LEI|NAME=HU YU | Titre: (CN103834586)|Anaerobic carbon sequestration microbe screening method Résumé: (CN103834586)|The invention provides an anaerobic carbon sequestration microbe screening method. The method comprises the following steps: respectively preparing a basic medium and a trace element solution, mixing the basic medium with the trace element solution to obtain a nutrient solution suitable for growth of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes in an ocean, mixing a part of the nutrient solution with a seawater sample and culturing the obtained mixture in oxygen-free gas for 4 to 8 d so as to obtain a mixed bacteria liquid containing a plurality of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes; respectively preparing at least one electron donor stock solution; mixing a part of the nutrient solution with one or more electron donor stock solutions so as to obtain a mixed growth liquid; and inoculating the mixed bacteria liquid into the mixed growth liquid and carrying out culturing in hydrogen-free gas for 4 to 8 d so as to obtain a target bacteria liquid containing the plurality of anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes with stable carbon sequestration efficiency. The method provided by the invention has simple process and good operability, can obtain anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes with high carbon sequestration efficiency in a short period of time and is effectively used in the process of microbial carbon sequestration, thereby realizing reclamation of CO2 in atmosphere. | 24.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on anaerobic carbon sequestration microbes and their screening method, which does not involve ocean fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth for CO₂ uptake. | 2.0 | 2.0 | (CN103834586)|1 | (CN103834586)|8 | (CN103834586)|9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN103834586)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2014-06-04|Gazette number: GAZNUM=30-23|Number of Pages: NPAGES=9| | (CN103834586)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN103834586)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 36 | CN202311821281 | CN202311821281 | CN117478062|CN117478062 | 108337349 | CN117478062 B 2024-03-12 [CN117478062B]|CN117478062 A 2024-01-30 [CN117478062] | 2023-12-27 | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-12|2024-01-30 | (CN117478062B)|2024-03-12 | (CN117478062)|2043-12-27 | (CN117478062)|Monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and using method | (CN117478062)|The invention discloses monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources and a use method, and belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration factor monitoring equipment.The monitoring equipment comprises a solar charging panel, a base and a packaging assembly arranged on the base, and a light-transmitting path adjusting assembly is connected to the position, corresponding to the exterior of the packaging assembly, of the top of the base. According to the invention, a built-in one-way ball valve of a second one-way discharge assembly moves in a direction far away from a one-way discharge hopper, condensed fluid enters a bottom micro-channel along a pressure relief pipeline, low-boiling-point fluid in a one-way circulation channel circulates the fluid from bottom to top, and heat generated by working of a solar charging panel is transmitted from top to bottom in a one-way manner; the low-boiling-point fluid can better absorb heat released by the solar charging panel in a heat conduction mode, the low-boiling-point fluid is used for absorbing heat released by the solar charging panel during working, the low-boiling-point fluid absorbing heat is evaporated and vaporized, the fluid carrying heat is forced to flow, and the water-cooling heat dissipation effect of the solar charging panel is achieved. | SHANDONG YANTAI SINO JAPAN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE YANTAI INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTIT | (CN117478062)|YANTAI NEW AND OLD KINETIC ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND YANTAI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AC ([CN])|SHANDONG HI SPEED MARINE TECH CO LTD|(CN117478062)|YANTAI NEW AND OLD KINETIC ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND YANTAI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AC ([CN])|SHANDONG HI SPEED MARINE TECH CO LTD | YU GUANG|SUI HUAJIE|ZHANG YONGXUAN|CHOI, GIL WOON|XU NING|SUN YUEJUN|YU HUI | (CN117478062)|Yu Guang|Sui Huajie|Zhang Yongxuan|Cui Jiyun|Xu Ning|Sun Yuejun|Yu Hui|(CN117478062)|YU GUANG|SUI HUAJIE|ZHANG YONGXUAN|CHOI, GIL WOON|XU NING|SUN YUEJUN|YU HUI | (CN117478062)|YANG JIANXIN;Yantai Junding Bochuang Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)|Reg. Nb: 37356 | (CN117478062)|The research on the influence of coastal kelp communities on carbon sink and carbon circulation is still in the primary stage, and no unified method for measuring photosynthetic carbon fixation efficiency of the kelp communities exists at present, and a simple, easy and field monitoring method is absent.| | (CN117478062)|1. The utility model provides a monitoring facilities for ocean resource carbon fixing ability measurement and calculation, includes solar charging panel (9), base (7) and sets up encapsulation subassembly (1) on base (7), a serial communication port, encapsulation subassembly (1) external connection is corresponded at base (7) top has printing opacity route adjustment subassembly (2), printing opacity route adjustment subassembly (2) include lower part fluid spacing ring (201) and upper portion fluid spacing ring (205), encapsulation subassembly (1) include metal heat sink layer (101), upper portion heat conduction layer (102), middle part ceramic layer (105), lower part heat conduction layer (104) and silica gel heat conduction layer (103), lower part fluid spacing ring (201) and upper portion fluid spacing ring (205) and metal heat sink layer (101), upper portion heat conduction layer (102), middle part ceramic layer (105), lower part heat conduction layer (104) and silica gel layer (103) make up and form the circular channel, upper portion microchannel, middle part microchannel (10) and lower part microchannel (6) have on upper portion microchannel (6), microchannel (6) and microchannel (3 are put through to microchannel outside A unidirectional circulation channel is formed between the middle micro-channel (10) and the lower micro-channel (6) through the combination of the heat dissipation component (3), so that the flow of the low-boiling-point fluid is convenient for absorbing heat; the solar charging device comprises a base (7), a silica gel heat conducting layer (103), a lower heat conducting layer (104), a middle ceramic layer (105), an upper heat conducting layer (102), a metal heat sink layer (101) and a plurality of solar charging plates (9), wherein the silica gel heat conducting layer (103) is tiled at the top of the base (7), the lower heat conducting layer (104) is adhered at the top of the silica gel heat conducting layer (103), the middle ceramic layer (105) is connected at the top of the lower heat conducting layer (104), the upper heat conducting layer (102) is connected at the top of the middle ceramic layer (105), the metal heat sink layer (101) is connected at the top of the upper heat conducting layer (102), and the plurality of solar charging plates (9) are arranged at the top of the metal heat sink layer (101); the lower fluid limiting ring (201) is connected to the top of the base (7), the lower fluid limiting ring (201) is sleeved on the peripheries of the silica gel heat conducting layer (103) and the lower heat conducting layer (104), an upper fluid limiting ring (205) is arranged above the lower fluid limiting ring (201), and the top of the upper fluid limiting ring (205) is connected with a lens (206); the heat dissipation assembly (3) comprises an upper heat dissipation piece (301), wherein the upper heat dissipation piece (301) is sleeved on the upper heat conduction layer (102), and the lens (206) is connected to the top of the upper heat dissipation piece (301); a group of lower micro-channels (6) on one side end of the packaging assembly (1) are communicated with the middle micro-channel (10) through a longitudinal connecting pipe (302), and the group of upper micro-channels are communicated with an upper heat radiating piece (301) through a return pipe (304); a group of lower micro-channels (6) on the other side end head are communicated with an upper heat dissipation piece (301) through a pressure relief pipeline (305), the group of middle micro-channels (10) and the upper micro-channels are communicated through a longitudinal connecting pipe (302), and the rest of the lower micro-channels (6), the middle micro-channels (10) and the upper micro-channels are all communicated end to end through a transverse connecting pipe (303); the backflow pipeline (304) is provided with a first unidirectional drainage component (4), the pressure release pipeline (305) is provided with a second unidirectional drainage component (5), and the second unidirectional drainage component (5) has the same structure as the first unidirectional drainage component (4); the first unidirectional drainage component (4) comprises a unidirectional drainage pipe (401), the unidirectional drainage pipe (401) is connected to a backflow pipeline (304), one end, away from an upper radiating piece (301), of the unidirectional drainage pipe (401) is connected with a unidirectional drainage bucket (402) in a clamping mode, a unidirectional ball valve (403) is connected to the unidirectional drainage bucket (402) in an embedded mode, a linkage shaft (404) is connected to the unidirectional ball valve (403), a rear supporting net disc (405) is sleeved on the linkage shaft (404), the rear supporting net disc (405) is connected to another port of the unidirectional drainage pipe (401) in a clamping mode, a rear supporting spring (406) is sleeved on the linkage shaft (404), and the linkage shaft (404) is connected with the rear supporting net disc (405) in an elastic supporting mode through the rear supporting spring (406).| | (CN117478062)|Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a monitoring facilities for ocean resource carbon fixing ability measurement and calculation, including solar charging panel 9, base 7 and the encapsulation subassembly 1 of setting on base 7, the encapsulation subassembly 1 outside that corresponds at base 7 top is connected with light transmission path adjustment subassembly 2, light transmission path adjustment subassembly 2's lower part fluid spacing ring 201 and upper portion fluid spacing ring 205 and the metal heat sink layer 101 of encapsulation subassembly 1, upper portion heat conduction layer 102, middle part ceramic layer 105, lower portion heat conduction layer 104 and silica gel heat conduction layer 103 make up and form the heat dissipation circuit, in order to dispel metal heat sink layer 101, upper portion heat conduction layer 102, middle part ceramic layer 105, lower portion heat conduction layer 104 and silica gel heat conduction layer 103 heat conduction absorption;|The invention aims at: in order to solve the problems that monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a using method still have some defects in the process of application in the prior art, because the monitoring process of measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources is long, related technicians combine a solar power generation technology with a monitoring unit, but the solar power generation unit and the monitoring unit can generate more heat in the working process, and further the accuracy of detection elements in the monitoring unit can be influenced, the monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and the using method are provided.|The invention discloses monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of carbon sequestration factor monitoring equipment.| | (CN117478062)|HEAT CONDUCTION(100,49)|BOILING POINT(100,31)|MIDDLE(100,28)|BOILING POINT FLUID(100,26)|HEAT CONDUCTION LAYER(100,26)|SILICA GEL(100,24)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,23)|HEAT SINK LAYER(100,22)|HEAT SINK METAL LAYER(100,22)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(100,18)|MEASURING(100,18)|OCEAN RESOURCE(100,14)|SOLAR CHARGING PANEL(100,14)|SILICA GEL HEAT CONDUCTION(100,12)|CERAMIC LAYER(100,11)|MICROCHANNEL(100,10)|FLUID SPACE(100,8)|ENCAPSULATION SUBASSEMBLY(100,7)|MONITORING EQUIPMENT(100,7)|SOLAR CHARGING(100,6)|UNIDIRECTIONAL CIRCULATION CHANNEL(100,5)|ADJUSTMENT SUBASSEMBLY(100,4)|CALCULATION(100,3)|HEAT DISSIPATION COMPONENT(100,3)|MONITORING FACILITY(100,3)|PART FLUID SPACING RING(100,3)|PRINTING OPACITY(100,3)|CARBON FIXING ABILITY MEASUREMENT(100,2)|FLUID SPACE RING(100,2)|HEAT ABSORPTION(100,2)|MAKEUP(100,2)|MIDDLE MICROCHANNEL(100,2)|UPPER PORTION MICROCHANNEL(100,2)|CIRCULAR CHANNEL(100,1)|OPACITY(100,1)|SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORT(100,1)|SETUP ENCAPSULATION SUBASSEMBLY(100,1)|SILICA GEL LAYER(100,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE PIPE(99,8)|COASTAL KELP COMMUNITY INFLUENCE(83,1)|BACKFLOW PIPELINE(81,10)|COASTAL KELP COMMUNITY(77,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE BUCKET(73,11)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE COMPONENT(68,25)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE PIPE PORT(63,1)|SOLAR CHARGING PLATE(52,6)|KELP COMMUNITY(49,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE HOPPER(44,1)|LINKAGE SHAFT(43,21)|MIDDLE CERAMIC LAYER(37,16)|PATH ADJUSTMENT SUBASSEMBLY(37,2)|NET DISC(36,8)|LEAKAGE BUCKET(34,2)|UNIDIRECTIONAL BALL VALVE(30,15)|FLUID LIMITING RING(28,19)|SOLAR CHARGED PLATE(28,9)|SILICA GEL HEAT(27,11)|CLAMPING MODE(27,4)|HEAT RADIATING PIECE(27,1)|HEAT DISSIPATION PIECE(26,9)|CARBON CIRCULATION(24,1)|PACKAGE(23,4)|UNIDIRECTIONAL CIRCULATING CHANNEL(23,2)|SPRING SUPPORT(22,16)|UPPER RADIATING PIECE(22,1)|MIDDLE CYLINDER THREAD(21,6)|MEASURING PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION(21,1)|PROBE(20,12)|LEAKAGE COMPONENT(19,2)|LIMITING FLUID RING(18,3)|TECHNICIAN(18,2)|PIPELINE(17,6)|LIMITING RING(17,3)|ELASTIC SUPPORT(17,2)|UPPER HEATING(16,13)|UPPER HEAT DISSIPATION PIECE(16,9)|SOLAR POWER GENERATION(16,4)|EMBEDDED MODE(16,3)|MIDDLE THREADED CYLINDER PORT(16,2)|ABSORBING HEAT CONDUCTION(16,1)|HEAT DISSIPATION LOOP PERIPHERY(15,6)|MARINE RESOURCE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(15,3)|UPPER HEAT RADIATING PIECE(15,1)|CARBON RESERVOIR(14,2)|DEFECT(14,2)|GOLD WIRE(14,2)|UPPER COOLING(13,2)|CONNECTING PIPE(12,13)|BLUE CARBON SEDIMENT(12,3)|HEAT DISSIPATION(11,20)|UPPER FLUID LIMITING RING(11,10)|UPPER MICROCHANNEL(11,7)|BARB STRUCTURE(11,6)|PRESSURE RELIEF PIPELINE(11,6)|CAPACITY MEASUREMENT(11,3)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION(11,2)|CARBON SINK(11,1)|HORN SHAPE(11,1)|HEAT DISSIPATION CIRCUIT(9,2)|UPPER THREADED ROD(8,8)|RETURN PIPELINE(8,7)|LIGHT TRANSMISSION(8,6)|SOLAR CHARGING PLATE OPERATION(8,5)|RETURN PIPE(7,5)|PORTION HEAT CONDUCTION(7,2)|WORKING(7,2)|HORN MOUTH SHAPE(6,4)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE PORT(6,1)|IMPLEMENTATION MODE(5,4)|CIRCULATION PROMOTION(5,1)|DRAINAGE HOPPER(5,1)|ENCAPSULATION SUBASSEMBLY OUTSIDE(5,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE CARBON FIXATION(5,1)|SETTING ENCAPSULATION SUBASSEMBLY(5,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL BLEEDER TUBE(5,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL CIRCULATION(5,1)|HEAT EXCHANGE(4,3)|THREADED SURFACE(4,2)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE COMPONENT ACTION(4,2)|WATER COOLING(4,2)|MIDDLE THREAD CYLINDER(4,1)|SEAWEED PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION(4,1)|VAPOR COOLING FLUID(4,1)|AIR PRESSURE INTENSITY(3,4)|LIGHT TRANSMISSION PATH(3,4)||(CN117478062)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE HOPPER(100,3)|COASTAL KELP COMMUNITY(99,1)|BACKFLOW PIPELINE(86,10)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE PIPE(78,8)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE COMPONENT(64,24)|KELP COMMUNITY(63,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(62,10)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(58,20)|SOLAR CHARGING PLATE(49,13)|CALCULATING CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(49,8)|LEAKAGE BUCKET(44,2)|SOLAR CHARGING PANEL(42,13)|LINKAGE SHAFT(41,21)|UNIDIRECTIONAL DRAINAGE BUCKET(35,9)|MIDDLE CERAMIC LAYER(33,15)|NET DISC(31,8)|UNIDIRECTIONAL CIRCULATING CHANNEL(31,2)|CARBON CIRCULATION(31,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL BALL VALVE(30,15)|MARINE RESOURCE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(30,4)|MIDDLE THREADED CYLINDER(27,6)|MEASURING PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION(27,1)|PROBE(26,12)|LEAKAGE COMPONENT(24,2)|TECHNICIAN(24,2)|SUPPORTING SPRING(23,16)|CAPACITY MEASUREMENT(23,4)|PACKAGING(23,4)|SILICA GEL HEAT(22,10)|SOLAR POWER GENERATION(21,4)|CLAMPING MODE(20,4)|MONITORING EQUIPMENT(20,4)|DEFECT(19,2)|GOLD WIRE(19,2)|HEAT DISSIPATION LOOP(18,12)|CARBON RESERVOIR(18,2)|UPPER COOLING(17,2)|UPPER RADIATOR(16,1)|BLUE CARBON SEDIMENT(15,3)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION(15,2)|HORN SHAPE(15,1)|UPPER MICROCHANNEL(14,7)|BARB STRUCTURE(14,6)|ELASTIC SUPPORTING MODE(14,2)|CARBON SINK(14,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL CIRCULATION CHANNEL(13,4)|EMBEDDED MODE(13,3)|CONNECTING PIPE(12,14)|UPPER HEAT SINK(12,4)|RETURN PIPELINE(11,7)|UPPER THREADED ROD(10,8)|PRESSURE RELIEF PIPELINE(10,6)|WORKING(10,2)|UPPER HEAT RADIATING PIECE(10,1)|METAL HEAT SINK LAYER(9,17)|UPPER FLUID LIMITING RING(9,9)|HORN MOUTH SHAPE(8,4)|PRINTING OPACITY(8,2)|ADJUSTMENT SUBASSEMBLY(7,2)|UNIDIRECTIONAL BLEEDER TUBE(7,1)|IMPLEMENTATION MODE(6,4)|HEAT EXCHANGE(6,3)|THREADED SURFACE(6,2)|WATER COOLING(6,2)|DRAINAGE HOPPER(6,1)|ENCAPSULATION SUBASSEMBLY OUTSIDE(6,1)|MIDDLE MICROCHANNEL(6,1)|CERAMIC LAYER(5,7)|RETURN PIPE(5,5)|UPPER HEAT CONDUCTIVE LAYER(5,2)|COOLED VAPORIZATION FLUID(5,1)|MIDDLE THREAD CYLINDER(5,1)|MONITORING FACILITY(5,1)|AIR PRESSURE INTENSITY(4,4)|BAMBOO(4,2)|INFLOW AIR(4,2)| | (CN117478062)|1. The invention provides a monitoring facilities for ocean resource carbon fixing ability measurement and calculation, includes solar charging panel (9), base (7) and sets up encapsulation subassembly (1) on base (7), a serial communication port, encapsulation subassembly (1) external connection is corresponded at base (7) top has printing opacity route adjustment subassembly (2), printing opacity route adjustment subassembly (2) include lower part fluid spacing ring (201) and upper portion fluid spacing ring (205), encapsulation subassembly (1) include metal heat sink layer (101), upper portion heat conduction layer (102), middle part ceramic layer (105), lower part heat conduction layer (104) and silica gel heat conduction layer (103), lower part fluid spacing ring (201) and upper portion fluid spacing ring (205) and metal heat sink layer (101), upper portion heat conduction layer (102), middle part ceramic layer (105), lower part heat conduction layer (104) and silica gel layer (103) make up and form the circular channel, upper portion microchannel, middle part microchannel (10) and lower part microchannel (6) have on upper portion microchannel (6), microchannel (6) and microchannel (3 are put through to microchannel outside A unidirectional circulation channel is formed between the middle micro-channel (10) and the lower micro-channel (6) through the combination of the heat dissipation component (3), so that the flow of the low-boiling-point fluid is convenient for absorbing heat;|the solar charging device comprises a base (7), a silica gel heat conducting layer (103), a lower heat conducting layer (104), a middle ceramic layer (105), an upper heat conducting layer (102), a metal heat sink layer (101) and a plurality of solar charging plates (9), wherein the silica gel heat conducting layer (103) is tiled at the top of the base (7), the lower heat conducting layer (104) is adhered at the top of the silica gel heat conducting layer (103), the middle ceramic layer (105) is connected at the top of the lower heat conducting layer (104), the upper heat conducting layer (102) is connected at the top of the middle ceramic layer (105), the metal heat sink layer (101) is connected at the top of the upper heat conducting layer (102), and the plurality of solar charging plates (9) are arranged at the top of the metal heat sink layer (101);|the lower fluid limiting ring (201) is connected to the top of the base (7), the lower fluid limiting ring (201) is sleeved on the peripheries of the silica gel heat conducting layer (103) and the lower heat conducting layer (104), an upper fluid limiting ring (205) is arranged above the lower fluid limiting ring (201), and the top of the upper fluid limiting ring (205) is connected with a lens (206);|the heat dissipation assembly (3) comprises an upper heat dissipation piece (301), wherein the upper heat dissipation piece (301) is sleeved on the upper heat conduction layer (102), and the lens (206) is connected to the top of the upper heat dissipation piece (301);|a group of lower micro-channels (6) on one side end of the packaging assembly (1) are communicated with the middle micro-channel (10) through a longitudinal connecting pipe (302), and the group of upper micro-channels are communicated with an upper heat radiating piece (301) through a return pipe (304); a group of lower micro-channels (6) on the other side end head are communicated with an upper heat dissipation piece (301) through a pressure relief pipeline (305), the group of middle micro-channels (10) and the upper micro-channels are communicated through a longitudinal connecting pipe (302), and the rest of the lower micro-channels (6), the middle micro-channels (10) and the upper micro-channels are all communicated end to end through a transverse connecting pipe (303);|the backflow pipeline (304) is provided with a first unidirectional drainage component (4), the pressure release pipeline (305) is provided with a second unidirectional drainage component (5), and the second unidirectional drainage component (5) has the same structure as the first unidirectional drainage component (4);|the first unidirectional drainage component (4) comprises a unidirectional drainage pipe (401), the unidirectional drainage pipe (401) is connected to a backflow pipeline (304), one end, away from an upper radiating piece (301), of the unidirectional drainage pipe (401) is connected with a unidirectional drainage bucket (402) in a clamping mode, a unidirectional ball valve (403) is connected to the unidirectional drainage bucket (402) in an embedded mode, a linkage shaft (404) is connected to the unidirectional ball valve (403), a rear supporting net disc (405) is sleeved on the linkage shaft (404), the rear supporting net disc (405) is connected to another port of the unidirectional drainage pipe (401) in a clamping mode, a rear supporting spring (406) is sleeved on the linkage shaft (404), and the linkage shaft (404) is connected with the rear supporting net disc (405) in an elastic supporting mode through the rear supporting spring (406).|2. The monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to claim 1, wherein the top of the lower fluid limiting ring (201) is connected with a lower threaded rod (202), a middle threaded cylinder (203) is screwed on the threaded surface of the lower threaded rod (202), an upper threaded rod (204) is screwed on the other port of the middle threaded cylinder (203), the other end of the upper threaded rod (204) is connected to the bottom of the upper fluid limiting ring (205), and the directions of the threads on the surfaces of the upper threaded rod (204) and the lower threaded rod (202) are opposite.|3. The monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to claim 1, characterized in that probes (8) are installed on the base (7), the probes (8) are connected with a solar charging panel (9) through gold wires, and the probes (8) are provided with a plurality of probes.|4. The monitoring device for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to claim 1, wherein the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn shape and forms two barb structures.|5. A method of using the monitoring device for marine resource carbon sequestration capacity measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:|after the probe (8) is inserted into a carbon reservoir of blue carbon sediment, after heat is generated by current through the solar charging plate (9), the heat sequentially passes through the metal heat sink layer (101), the upper heat conducting layer (102), the middle ceramic layer (105), the lower heat conducting layer (104) and the silica gel heat conducting layer (103) to be outwards diffused, low-boiling point fluid in the unidirectional circulating channel absorbs the heat transferred by the upper heat conducting layer (102), the middle ceramic layer (105) and the lower heat conducting layer (104) in a heat exchange manner, the low-boiling point fluid in the upper microchannel reaches the backflow pipeline (304), moves towards the direction of the first unidirectional drainage component (4), when the air pressure intensity in the backflow pipeline (304) is greater than the elastic supporting intensity exerted on the linkage shaft (404) by the rear supporting spring (406), the unidirectional ball valve (403) moves away from the unidirectional drainage hopper (402) under the action of the air pressure, the linkage shaft (404) is pushed to slide on the inner side of the rear supporting network, the rear supporting spring (406) is extruded to elastically deform, the rear supporting spring (406) is compressed by the backflow pipeline, the fluid flows into the upper cooling part (301) along the backflow pipeline (4), the upper cooling part (301) is cooled down, the second one-way leakage component (5) is internally provided with a one-way ball valve (403) which moves away from the one-way leakage bucket (402);|the lower fluid limiting ring (201) and the upper fluid limiting ring (205) of the light transmission path adjusting assembly (2) are combined with the metal heat sink layer (101), the upper heat conducting layer (102), the middle ceramic layer (105), the lower heat conducting layer (104) and the silica gel heat conducting layer (103) of the packaging assembly (1) to form a heat dissipation loop, and the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape to form two barb structures. | (CN117478062)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration factor monitoring equipment, and particularly relates to monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a use method thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The photosynthetic carbon fixation of the seaweed not only forms the basis of the primary productivity of the sea, but also is an important biological mechanism for promoting the circulation of seawater carbon and reducing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The research on the influence of coastal kelp communities on carbon sink and carbon circulation is still in the primary stage, and no unified method for measuring photosynthetic carbon fixation efficiency of the kelp communities exists at present, and a simple, easy and field monitoring method is absent.|[0003] In the prior art, monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a using method still have some defects in the application process, and because the monitoring process of measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources is long, related technicians combine a solar power generation technology with a monitoring unit, but the solar power generation unit and the monitoring unit can generate more heat in the working process, so that the accuracy of detection elements in the monitoring unit can be influenced.|[0004] Based on the above, the invention designs a monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a using method thereof, so as to solve the problems.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims at: in order to solve the problems that monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a using method still have some defects in the process of application in the prior art, because the monitoring process of measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources is long, related technicians combine a solar power generation technology with a monitoring unit, but the solar power generation unit and the monitoring unit can generate more heat in the working process, and further the accuracy of detection elements in the monitoring unit can be influenced, the monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and the using method are provided.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0007] the utility model provides a monitoring facilities for ocean resource carbon fixation ability measurement and calculation, includes solar charging panel, base and the encapsulation subassembly of setting on the base, the encapsulation subassembly outside is connected with the printing opacity route adjustment subassembly that corresponds at base top, printing opacity route adjustment subassembly includes lower part fluid spacing ring and upper portion fluid spacing ring, the encapsulation subassembly includes metal heat sink layer, upper portion heat conduction layer, middle part ceramic layer, lower part heat conduction layer and silica gel heat conduction layer, lower part fluid spacing ring and upper portion fluid spacing ring and metal heat sink layer, upper portion heat conduction layer, middle part ceramic layer, lower part heat conduction layer and silica gel heat conduction layer are combined to form the heat dissipation circuit to the heat that metal heat sink layer, upper portion heat conduction layer, middle part ceramic layer, lower part heat conduction layer and silica gel heat conduction layer heat conduction absorbed is in the dissipation;|[0008] the upper heat conduction layer, the middle ceramic layer and the lower heat conduction layer are respectively provided with an upper micro-channel, a middle micro-channel and a lower micro-channel, a heat dissipation assembly is communicated with the outside of the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel and the lower micro-channel, and a unidirectional circulation channel is formed by combining the heat dissipation assemblies among the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel and the lower micro-channel so as to facilitate the flow of low-boiling-point fluid to absorb heat.|[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0010] the silica gel heat conduction layer tiling is at the top of base, lower part heat conduction layer bonds at the top of silica gel heat conduction layer, middle part ceramic layer connects at the top of lower part heat conduction layer, upper portion heat conduction layer connects at the top of middle part ceramic layer, metal heat sink layer connects at the top of upper portion heat conduction layer, a plurality of solar charging panel sets up at the top of metal heat sink layer.|[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0012] the lower fluid limiting ring is connected to the top of the base, the lower fluid limiting ring is sleeved on the periphery of the silica gel heat conducting layer and the periphery of the lower heat conducting layer, an upper fluid limiting ring is arranged above the lower fluid limiting ring, and the top of the upper fluid limiting ring is connected with a lens.|[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0014] the top of lower part fluid stop collar is connected with the lower part threaded rod, threaded connection has a middle part screw thread section of thick bamboo on the screw thread face of lower part threaded rod, another port internal thread connection of middle part screw thread section of thick bamboo has an upper portion threaded rod, the bottom at upper portion fluid stop collar is connected to the other end of upper portion threaded rod, the screw thread opposite direction on upper portion threaded rod and lower part threaded rod surface.|[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0016] the heat dissipation assembly comprises an upper heat dissipation piece, the upper heat dissipation piece is sleeved on the upper heat conduction layer, and the lens is connected to the top of the upper heat dissipation piece;|[0017] a group of lower micro-channels on one side end of the packaging component are communicated with the middle micro-channel through a longitudinal connecting pipe, and the group of upper micro-channels are communicated with an upper heat dissipation piece through a return pipeline; the rest part micro-channel, the middle micro-channel and the upper micro-channel are all connected end to end through transverse connecting pipes; a group of lower micro-channels on the other side end head is communicated with the upper heat dissipation part through a pressure relief pipeline, the group of middle micro-channels and the upper micro-channels are communicated through longitudinal connecting pipes, and the rest of the lower micro-channels, the middle micro-channels and the upper micro-channels are all communicated end to end through transverse connecting pipes.|[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0019] the backflow pipeline is provided with a first unidirectional drainage component, the pressure release pipeline is provided with a second unidirectional drainage component, and the second unidirectional drainage component and the first unidirectional drainage component are identical in structure.|[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0021] the first unidirectional drainage component comprises a unidirectional drainage pipe, the unidirectional drainage pipe is connected to a backflow pipeline, one end, away from a heat dissipation part on the upper portion, of the unidirectional drainage pipe is connected with a unidirectional drainage bucket in a clamping mode, a unidirectional ball valve is connected to the unidirectional drainage bucket in an embedded mode, a linkage shaft is connected to the unidirectional ball valve, a rear supporting net disc is sleeved on the linkage shaft, the rear supporting net disc is connected to the other end of the unidirectional drainage pipe in a clamping mode, a rear supporting spring is sleeved on the linkage shaft, and the linkage shaft is connected with the rear supporting net disc through the rear supporting spring in an elastic supporting mode.|[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0023] the base is provided with probes, the probes are connected with the solar charging panel through gold wires, and the probes are provided with a plurality of probes.|[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0025] the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape, and two barb structures are formed.|[0026] A method of using a monitoring device for marine resource carbon sequestration capacity measurement, comprising:|[0027] when a probe is inserted into a blue carbon sediment carbon warehouse, after heat is generated by a solar charging plate, the heat sequentially passes through a metal heat sink layer, an upper heat conducting layer, a middle ceramic layer, a lower heat conducting layer and a silica gel heat conducting layer to be diffused outwards, low-boiling point fluid in a unidirectional circulating channel absorbs the heat transferred by the upper heat conducting layer, the middle ceramic layer and the lower heat conducting layer in a heat exchange manner, the low-boiling point fluid in the upper microchannel reaches a return pipeline and moves towards a first unidirectional drainage component, when the air pressure intensity in the return pipeline is greater than the elastic supporting intensity of a rear supporting spring applied on a linkage shaft, the unidirectional ball valve moves towards a direction away from the unidirectional drainage bucket under the action of the air pressure, the unidirectional ball valve pushes the linkage shaft to slide on the inner side of the rear supporting net and presses the rear supporting spring to be elastically deformed, the rear supporting spring is compressed, the vaporized fluid flows into an upper heat dissipation piece along the return pipeline, the cooled vaporized fluid is liquefied and condensed by the upper heat dissipation piece, the condensed fluid flows towards a pressure relief pipeline, and a unidirectional ball valve in the second unidirectional drainage component moves towards a direction away from the unidirectional drainage bucket;|[0028] the lower fluid limiting ring and the upper fluid limiting ring of the light transmission path adjusting assembly are combined with the metal heat sink layer, the upper heat conducting layer, the middle ceramic layer, the lower heat conducting layer and the silica gel heat conducting layer of the packaging assembly to form a heat dissipation loop, the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape, and two barb structures are formed, so that air flow entering the heat dissipation loop can flow along the whole loop structure.|[0029] In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0030] 1. according to the invention, the vaporized fluid after temperature reduction is liquefied and condensed, the condensed fluid flows to the pressure relief pipeline under the action of gravity, the built-in one-way ball valve of the second one-way flow escape assembly moves away from the one-way flow escape hopper, the condensed fluid enters the bottom micro-channel along the pressure relief pipeline, the low-boiling-point fluid in the one-way circulation channel circulates the fluid from bottom to top, and the heat generated by the operation of the solar charging plate is unidirectionally transferred from top to bottom, so that the low-boiling-point fluid can better absorb the heat released by the operation of the solar charging plate in a heat conduction manner, the low-boiling-point fluid absorbs the heat released by the operation of the solar charging plate, and the low-boiling-point fluid after heat absorption evaporates and evaporates to force the fluid carrying the heat to flow, thereby realizing the water cooling and heat dissipation effects of the solar charging plate, and the heat dissipation efficiency is high, and no external energy drive is needed, so that the increase of the packaging volume of the solar charging plate can be avoided to a higher degree.|[0031] 2. According to the invention, the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape, and two barb structures are formed, so that air flow entering the heat dissipation loop can flow along the whole loop structure, so that heat conduction can be conducted to the upper heat dissipation part more fully, the heat dissipation efficiency of the upper heat dissipation part is further improved, the flow rate of low-boiling-point fluid in the unidirectional circulation channel is improved, heat generated by the operation of the solar charging panel can be quickly led out, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the solar charging panel is greatly improved.|[0032] 3. According to the invention, when the distance between the solar charging plate and the lens is reduced, the distance between the upper fluid limiting ring and the lower fluid limiting ring is reduced, so that better reflection and capturing of inflow air are facilitated, and the heat dissipation effect can be ensured while the distance between the solar charging plate and the lens is reduced.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to the present invention;|[0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metal heat sink layer in a monitoring device for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to the present invention;|[0035] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front view of a monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to the present invention;|[0036] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the marine resource carbon sequestration capacity measurement monitoring device according to the present invention after being disassembled;|[0037] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second unidirectional drainage component of the monitoring device for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to the present invention at another view angle;|[0038] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources according to the present invention with the first unidirectional drainage component separated;|[0039] fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper microchannel, a middle microchannel and a lower microchannel in a monitoring device for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources according to the present invention.|[0040] Legend description:|[0041] 1. packaging the assembly; 101. a metal heat sink layer; 102. an upper heat conductive layer; 103. a silica gel heat conduction layer; 104. a lower heat conductive layer; 105. a middle ceramic layer; 2. a light transmission path adjustment assembly; 201. a lower fluid stop collar; 202. a lower threaded rod; 203. a middle thread cylinder; 204. an upper threaded rod; 205. an upper fluid stop collar; 206. a lens; 3. a heat dissipation assembly; 301. an upper heat sink; 302. a longitudinal connecting pipe; 303. a transverse connecting pipe; 304. a return line; 305. a pressure relief conduit; 4. a first one-way bleed assembly; 401. a unidirectional bleeder tube; 402. a one-way drainage hopper; 403. a one-way ball valve; 404. a linkage shaft; 405. a rear support net tray; 406. a rear support spring; 5. a second one-way bleed assembly; 6. a lower microchannel; 7. a base; 8. a probe; 9. a solar charging panel; 10. a central microchannel.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0042] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0043] Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a monitoring facilities for ocean resource carbon fixing ability measurement and calculation, including solar charging panel 9, base 7 and the encapsulation subassembly 1 of setting on base 7, the encapsulation subassembly 1 outside that corresponds at base 7 top is connected with light transmission path adjustment subassembly 2, light transmission path adjustment subassembly 2's lower part fluid spacing ring 201 and upper portion fluid spacing ring 205 and the metal heat sink layer 101 of encapsulation subassembly 1, upper portion heat conduction layer 102, middle part ceramic layer 105, lower portion heat conduction layer 104 and silica gel heat conduction layer 103 make up and form the heat dissipation circuit, in order to dispel metal heat sink layer 101, upper portion heat conduction layer 102, middle part ceramic layer 105, lower portion heat conduction layer 104 and silica gel heat conduction layer 103 heat conduction absorption;|[0044] the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel 10 and the lower micro-channel 6 are respectively arranged on the upper heat conduction layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105 and the lower heat conduction layer 104, the heat dissipation component 3 is communicated outside the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel 10 and the lower micro-channel 6, and the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel 10 and the lower micro-channel 6 are combined through the heat dissipation component 3 to form a unidirectional circulation channel so as to facilitate the flow of the low boiling point fluid to absorb heat.|[0045] Specifically, silica gel heat conduction layer 103 tiling is at the top of base 7, and lower part heat conduction layer 104 bonds at the top of silica gel heat conduction layer 103, and middle part ceramic layer 105 is connected at the top of lower part heat conduction layer 104, and upper portion heat conduction layer 102 is connected at the top of middle part ceramic layer 105, and metal heat sink layer 101 is connected at the top of upper portion heat conduction layer 102, and a plurality of solar charging panels 9 set up at the top of metal heat sink layer 101, installs probe 8 on the base 7, and probe 8 is connected with solar charging panel 9 through the gold thread, and probe 8 is provided with a plurality of.|[0046] The implementation mode specifically comprises the following steps: when the probe 8 is inserted into a carbon reservoir of blue carbon sediment, after heat is generated by current passing through the solar charging plate 9, the heat sequentially passes through the metal heat sink layer 101, the upper heat conducting layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105, the lower heat conducting layer 104 and the silica gel heat conducting layer 103 to be diffused outwards, because the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel 10 and the lower micro-channel 6 are respectively arranged on the upper heat conducting layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105 and the lower heat conducting layer 104, the low-boiling-point fluid in the unidirectional circulation channel absorbs the heat transferred by the upper heat conducting layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105 and the lower heat conducting layer 104 in a heat exchange manner, the low-boiling-point fluid in the upper micro-channel reaches the return pipeline 304, the temperature of the low-boiling-point fluid in the upper micro-channel is increased at the moment under the continuous action of the first unidirectional drainage component 4, the low-boiling-point fluid generates volume change under the action of thermal expansion and even reaches boiling point vaporization, therefore, the low boiling point fluid can only move towards the first unidirectional drainage component 4, when the air pressure intensity of the air flowing into the return pipeline 304 is larger than the elastic supporting intensity of the rear supporting spring 406 applied on the linkage shaft 404, the unidirectional ball valve 403 moves away from the unidirectional drainage bucket 402 under the action of the air pressure, the unidirectional ball valve 403 pushes the linkage shaft 404 to slide on the inner side of the rear supporting net and presses the rear supporting spring 406 to elastically deform, the rear supporting spring 406 is compressed, the vaporization fluid flows into the upper heat dissipation part 301 along the return pipeline 304, the upper heat dissipation part 301 transfers the heat carried by the vaporization fluid into the environment through the heat dissipation fins arranged on the surface, the cooled vaporization fluid is liquefied and condensed, the condensed fluid flows towards the pressure release pipeline 305 under the action of gravity, the second unidirectional drainage component 5 is internally provided with the unidirectional ball valve 403 to move away from the unidirectional drainage bucket 402, the condensed fluid enters the bottom micro-channel along the pressure release pipeline 305, the low-boiling-point fluid in the unidirectional circulation channel circulates the fluid from bottom to top, and heat generated by the operation of the solar charging panel 9 is unidirectionally transferred from top to bottom, so that the low-boiling-point fluid can absorb heat released by the solar charging panel 9 better in a heat conduction manner, the low-boiling-point fluid absorbs heat released by the operation of the solar charging panel 9, and the absorbed low-boiling-point fluid is evaporated and gasified.|[0047] Specifically, the lower fluid stop collar 201 is connected at the top of the base 7, the lower fluid stop collar 201 is sleeved on the peripheries of the silica gel heat conduction layer 103 and the lower heat conduction layer 104, an upper fluid stop collar 205 is arranged above the lower fluid stop collar 201, a lens 206 is connected to the top of the upper fluid stop collar 205, a lower threaded rod 202 is connected to the top of the lower fluid stop collar 201, a middle threaded cylinder 203 is connected to the threaded surface of the lower threaded rod 202 in a threaded manner, an upper threaded rod 204 is connected to the other port of the middle threaded cylinder 203 in a threaded manner, the other end of the upper threaded rod 204 is connected to the bottom of the upper fluid stop collar 205, and the thread directions of the surfaces of the upper threaded rod 204 and the lower threaded rod 202 are opposite.|[0048] The implementation mode specifically comprises the following steps: twisting the middle threaded cylinder 203, the middle threaded cylinder 203 rotates on the upper threaded rod 204 and the lower threaded rod 202 at the same time, the distance between the lens 206 and the solar charging plate 9 can be adjusted, when the distance between the solar charging plate 9 and the lens 206 is increased, the working space of the solar charging plate 9 is enlarged, the heat dissipation space is increased, and when the distance between the solar charging plate 9 and the lens 206 is reduced, the distance between the upper fluid limiting ring 205 and the lower fluid limiting ring 201 is reduced, so that better reflection and capturing of inflow air are facilitated.|[0049] Specifically, the heat dissipation assembly 3 includes an upper heat dissipation element 301, the upper heat dissipation element 301 is sleeved on the upper heat conduction layer 102, and the lens 206 is connected to the top of the upper heat dissipation element 301;|[0050] a group of lower micro-channels 6 on one side end of the packaging assembly 1 is communicated with the middle micro-channel 10 through a longitudinal connecting pipe 302, and the group of upper micro-channels is communicated with an upper heat dissipation element 301 through a return pipe 304; the rest micro-channel 6, the middle micro-channel 10 and the upper micro-channel are all connected end to end through a transverse connecting pipe 303; the group of lower micro-channels 6 on the other side end is communicated with the upper heat dissipation element 301 through a pressure relief pipeline 305, the group of middle micro-channels 10 and the upper micro-channels are communicated through a longitudinal connecting pipe 302, and the rest of the lower micro-channels 6, the middle micro-channels 10 and the upper micro-channels are communicated end to end through a transverse connecting pipe 303.|[0051] The implementation mode specifically comprises the following steps: the lower fluid limiting ring 201 and the upper fluid limiting ring 205 of the light transmission path adjusting assembly 2 are combined with the metal heat sink layer 101, the upper heat conducting layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105, the lower heat conducting layer 104 and the silica gel heat conducting layer 103 of the packaging assembly 1 to form a heat dissipation loop, the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape, and two barb structures are formed, so that air flow entering the heat dissipation loop can flow along the whole loop structure, and heat conduction is conducted to the upper heat dissipation element 301 more fully.|[0052] Specifically, a first unidirectional drainage component 4 is arranged on the backflow pipeline 304, a second unidirectional drainage component 5 is arranged on the pressure release pipeline 305, the second unidirectional drainage component 5 has the same structure as the first unidirectional drainage component 4, the first unidirectional drainage component 4 comprises a unidirectional drainage pipe 401, the unidirectional drainage pipe 401 is connected to the backflow pipeline 304, one end, away from the upper heat dissipation part 301, of the unidirectional drainage pipe 401 is clamped with a unidirectional drainage bucket 402, a unidirectional ball valve 403 is connected to the unidirectional drainage bucket 402 in an embedded mode, a linkage shaft 404 is connected to the unidirectional ball valve 403, a rear support net disc 405 is sleeved on the linkage shaft 404, the rear support net disc 405 is clamped in the other port of the unidirectional drainage pipe 401, a rear support spring 406 is sleeved on the linkage shaft 404, and the linkage shaft 404 is elastically supported and connected with the rear support net disc 405 through the rear support spring 406.|[0053] The implementation mode specifically comprises the following steps: the low boiling point fluid in the upper micro-channel reaches the return pipe 304, the temperature of the low boiling point fluid in the upper micro-channel is increased under the continuous action of the first unidirectional drainage component 4, the low boiling point fluid generates volume change under the thermal expansion effect and even reaches boiling point vaporization, therefore, the low boiling point fluid can only move towards the direction of the first unidirectional drainage component 4, when the air pressure intensity flowing into the return pipe 304 is greater than the elastic supporting intensity exerted on the linkage shaft 404 by the rear supporting spring 406, the unidirectional ball valve 403 moves away from the unidirectional drainage bucket 402 under the action of the air pressure, the unidirectional ball valve 403 pushes the linkage shaft 404 to slide on the inner side of the rear supporting net and presses the rear supporting spring 406 to elastically deform, the rear supporting spring 406 is compressed, and the vaporized fluid flows into the upper heat dissipation piece 301 along the return pipe 304.|[0054] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any person skilled in the art, based on the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, can be replaced or changed within the scope of the present invention. | (CN117478062)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration factor monitoring equipment, and particularly relates to monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a use method thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The photosynthetic carbon fixation of the seaweed not only forms the basis of the primary productivity of the sea, but also is an important biological mechanism for promoting the circulation of seawater carbon and reducing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The research on the influence of coastal kelp communities on carbon sink and carbon circulation is still in the primary stage, and no unified method for measuring photosynthetic carbon fixation efficiency of the kelp communities exists at present, and a simple, easy and field monitoring method is absent.|[0003] In the prior art, monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a using method still have some defects in the application process, and because the monitoring process of measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources is long, related technicians combine a solar power generation technology with a monitoring unit, but the solar power generation unit and the monitoring unit can generate more heat in the working process, so that the accuracy of detection elements in the monitoring unit can be influenced.|[0004] Based on the above, the invention designs a monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a using method thereof, so as to solve the problems.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims at: in order to solve the problems that monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and a using method still have some defects in the process of application in the prior art, because the monitoring process of measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources is long, related technicians combine a solar power generation technology with a monitoring unit, but the solar power generation unit and the monitoring unit can generate more heat in the working process, and further the accuracy of detection elements in the monitoring unit can be influenced, the monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and the using method are provided.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0007] the utility model provides a monitoring facilities for ocean resource carbon fixation ability measurement and calculation, includes solar charging panel, base and the encapsulation subassembly of setting on the base, the encapsulation subassembly outside is connected with the printing opacity route adjustment subassembly that corresponds at base top, printing opacity route adjustment subassembly includes lower part fluid spacing ring and upper portion fluid spacing ring, the encapsulation subassembly includes metal heat sink layer, upper portion heat conduction layer, middle part ceramic layer, lower part heat conduction layer and silica gel heat conduction layer, lower part fluid spacing ring and upper portion fluid spacing ring and metal heat sink layer, upper portion heat conduction layer, middle part ceramic layer, lower part heat conduction layer and silica gel heat conduction layer are combined to form the heat dissipation circuit to the heat that metal heat sink layer, upper portion heat conduction layer, middle part ceramic layer, lower part heat conduction layer and silica gel heat conduction layer heat conduction absorbed is in the dissipation;|[0008] the upper heat conduction layer, the middle ceramic layer and the lower heat conduction layer are respectively provided with an upper micro-channel, a middle micro-channel and a lower micro-channel, a heat dissipation assembly is communicated with the outside of the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel and the lower micro-channel, and a unidirectional circulation channel is formed by combining the heat dissipation assemblies among the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel and the lower micro-channel so as to facilitate the flow of low-boiling-point fluid to absorb heat.|[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0010] the silica gel heat conduction layer tiling is at the top of base, lower part heat conduction layer bonds at the top of silica gel heat conduction layer, middle part ceramic layer connects at the top of lower part heat conduction layer, upper portion heat conduction layer connects at the top of middle part ceramic layer, metal heat sink layer connects at the top of upper portion heat conduction layer, a plurality of solar charging panel sets up at the top of metal heat sink layer.|[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0012] the lower fluid limiting ring is connected to the top of the base, the lower fluid limiting ring is sleeved on the periphery of the silica gel heat conducting layer and the periphery of the lower heat conducting layer, an upper fluid limiting ring is arranged above the lower fluid limiting ring, and the top of the upper fluid limiting ring is connected with a lens.|[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0014] the top of lower part fluid stop collar is connected with the lower part threaded rod, threaded connection has a middle part screw thread section of thick bamboo on the screw thread face of lower part threaded rod, another port internal thread connection of middle part screw thread section of thick bamboo has an upper portion threaded rod, the bottom at upper portion fluid stop collar is connected to the other end of upper portion threaded rod, the screw thread opposite direction on upper portion threaded rod and lower part threaded rod surface.|[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0016] the heat dissipation assembly comprises an upper heat dissipation piece, the upper heat dissipation piece is sleeved on the upper heat conduction layer, and the lens is connected to the top of the upper heat dissipation piece;|[0017] a group of lower micro-channels on one side end of the packaging component are communicated with the middle micro-channel through a longitudinal connecting pipe, and the group of upper micro-channels are communicated with an upper heat dissipation piece through a return pipeline; the rest part micro-channel, the middle micro-channel and the upper micro-channel are all connected end to end through transverse connecting pipes; a group of lower micro-channels on the other side end head is communicated with the upper heat dissipation part through a pressure relief pipeline, the group of middle micro-channels and the upper micro-channels are communicated through longitudinal connecting pipes, and the rest of the lower micro-channels, the middle micro-channels and the upper micro-channels are all communicated end to end through transverse connecting pipes.|[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0019] the backflow pipeline is provided with a first unidirectional drainage component, the pressure release pipeline is provided with a second unidirectional drainage component, and the second unidirectional drainage component and the first unidirectional drainage component are identical in structure.|[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0021] the first unidirectional drainage component comprises a unidirectional drainage pipe, the unidirectional drainage pipe is connected to a backflow pipeline, one end, away from a heat dissipation part on the upper portion, of the unidirectional drainage pipe is connected with a unidirectional drainage bucket in a clamping mode, a unidirectional ball valve is connected to the unidirectional drainage bucket in an embedded mode, a linkage shaft is connected to the unidirectional ball valve, a rear supporting net disc is sleeved on the linkage shaft, the rear supporting net disc is connected to the other end of the unidirectional drainage pipe in a clamping mode, a rear supporting spring is sleeved on the linkage shaft, and the linkage shaft is connected with the rear supporting net disc through the rear supporting spring in an elastic supporting mode.|[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0023] the base is provided with probes, the probes are connected with the solar charging panel through gold wires, and the probes are provided with a plurality of probes.|[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution:|[0025] the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape, and two barb structures are formed.|[0026] A method of using a monitoring device for marine resource carbon sequestration capacity measurement, comprising:|[0027] when a probe is inserted into a blue carbon sediment carbon warehouse, after heat is generated by a solar charging plate, the heat sequentially passes through a metal heat sink layer, an upper heat conducting layer, a middle ceramic layer, a lower heat conducting layer and a silica gel heat conducting layer to be diffused outwards, low-boiling point fluid in a unidirectional circulating channel absorbs the heat transferred by the upper heat conducting layer, the middle ceramic layer and the lower heat conducting layer in a heat exchange manner, the low-boiling point fluid in the upper microchannel reaches a return pipeline and moves towards a first unidirectional drainage component, when the air pressure intensity in the return pipeline is greater than the elastic supporting intensity of a rear supporting spring applied on a linkage shaft, the unidirectional ball valve moves towards a direction away from the unidirectional drainage bucket under the action of the air pressure, the unidirectional ball valve pushes the linkage shaft to slide on the inner side of the rear supporting net and presses the rear supporting spring to be elastically deformed, the rear supporting spring is compressed, the vaporized fluid flows into an upper heat dissipation piece along the return pipeline, the cooled vaporized fluid is liquefied and condensed by the upper heat dissipation piece, the condensed fluid flows towards a pressure relief pipeline, and a unidirectional ball valve in the second unidirectional drainage component moves towards a direction away from the unidirectional drainage bucket;|[0028] the lower fluid limiting ring and the upper fluid limiting ring of the light transmission path adjusting assembly are combined with the metal heat sink layer, the upper heat conducting layer, the middle ceramic layer, the lower heat conducting layer and the silica gel heat conducting layer of the packaging assembly to form a heat dissipation loop, the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape, and two barb structures are formed, so that air flow entering the heat dissipation loop can flow along the whole loop structure.|[0029] In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0030] 1. according to the invention, the vaporized fluid after temperature reduction is liquefied and condensed, the condensed fluid flows to the pressure relief pipeline under the action of gravity, the built-in one-way ball valve of the second one-way flow escape assembly moves away from the one-way flow escape hopper, the condensed fluid enters the bottom micro-channel along the pressure relief pipeline, the low-boiling-point fluid in the one-way circulation channel circulates the fluid from bottom to top, and the heat generated by the operation of the solar charging plate is unidirectionally transferred from top to bottom, so that the low-boiling-point fluid can better absorb the heat released by the operation of the solar charging plate in a heat conduction manner, the low-boiling-point fluid absorbs the heat released by the operation of the solar charging plate, and the low-boiling-point fluid after heat absorption evaporates and evaporates to force the fluid carrying the heat to flow, thereby realizing the water cooling and heat dissipation effects of the solar charging plate, and the heat dissipation efficiency is high, and no external energy drive is needed, so that the increase of the packaging volume of the solar charging plate can be avoided to a higher degree.|[0031] 2. According to the invention, the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape, and two barb structures are formed, so that air flow entering the heat dissipation loop can flow along the whole loop structure, so that heat conduction can be conducted to the upper heat dissipation part more fully, the heat dissipation efficiency of the upper heat dissipation part is further improved, the flow rate of low-boiling-point fluid in the unidirectional circulation channel is improved, heat generated by the operation of the solar charging panel can be quickly led out, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the solar charging panel is greatly improved.|[0032] 3. According to the invention, when the distance between the solar charging plate and the lens is reduced, the distance between the upper fluid limiting ring and the lower fluid limiting ring is reduced, so that better reflection and capturing of inflow air are facilitated, and the heat dissipation effect can be ensured while the distance between the solar charging plate and the lens is reduced.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to the present invention;|[0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metal heat sink layer in a monitoring device for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to the present invention;|[0035] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front view of a monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to the present invention;|[0036] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the marine resource carbon sequestration capacity measurement monitoring device according to the present invention after being disassembled;|[0037] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second unidirectional drainage component of the monitoring device for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources according to the present invention at another view angle;|[0038] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the monitoring device for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources according to the present invention with the first unidirectional drainage component separated;|[0039] fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper microchannel, a middle microchannel and a lower microchannel in a monitoring device for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources according to the present invention.|[0040] Legend description:|[0041] 1. packaging the assembly; 101. a metal heat sink layer; 102. an upper heat conductive layer; 103. a silica gel heat conduction layer; 104. a lower heat conductive layer; 105. a middle ceramic layer; 2. a light transmission path adjustment assembly; 201. a lower fluid stop collar; 202. a lower threaded rod; 203. a middle thread cylinder; 204. an upper threaded rod; 205. an upper fluid stop collar; 206. a lens; 3. a heat dissipation assembly; 301. an upper heat sink; 302. a longitudinal connecting pipe; 303. a transverse connecting pipe; 304. a return line; 305. a pressure relief conduit; 4. a first one-way bleed assembly; 401. a unidirectional bleeder tube; 402. a one-way drainage hopper; 403. a one-way ball valve; 404. a linkage shaft; 405. a rear support net tray; 406. a rear support spring; 5. a second one-way bleed assembly; 6. a lower microchannel; 7. a base; 8. a probe; 9. a solar charging panel; 10. a central microchannel.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0042] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0043] Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a monitoring facilities for ocean resource carbon fixing ability measurement and calculation, including solar charging panel 9, base 7 and the encapsulation subassembly 1 of setting on base 7, the encapsulation subassembly 1 outside that corresponds at base 7 top is connected with light transmission path adjustment subassembly 2, light transmission path adjustment subassembly 2's lower part fluid spacing ring 201 and upper portion fluid spacing ring 205 and the metal heat sink layer 101 of encapsulation subassembly 1, upper portion heat conduction layer 102, middle part ceramic layer 105, lower portion heat conduction layer 104 and silica gel heat conduction layer 103 make up and form the heat dissipation circuit, in order to dispel metal heat sink layer 101, upper portion heat conduction layer 102, middle part ceramic layer 105, lower portion heat conduction layer 104 and silica gel heat conduction layer 103 heat conduction absorption;|[0044] the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel 10 and the lower micro-channel 6 are respectively arranged on the upper heat conduction layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105 and the lower heat conduction layer 104, the heat dissipation component 3 is communicated outside the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel 10 and the lower micro-channel 6, and the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel 10 and the lower micro-channel 6 are combined through the heat dissipation component 3 to form a unidirectional circulation channel so as to facilitate the flow of the low boiling point fluid to absorb heat.|[0045] Specifically, silica gel heat conduction layer 103 tiling is at the top of base 7, and lower part heat conduction layer 104 bonds at the top of silica gel heat conduction layer 103, and middle part ceramic layer 105 is connected at the top of lower part heat conduction layer 104, and upper portion heat conduction layer 102 is connected at the top of middle part ceramic layer 105, and metal heat sink layer 101 is connected at the top of upper portion heat conduction layer 102, and a plurality of solar charging panels 9 set up at the top of metal heat sink layer 101, installs probe 8 on the base 7, and probe 8 is connected with solar charging panel 9 through the gold thread, and probe 8 is provided with a plurality of.|[0046] The implementation mode specifically comprises the following steps: when the probe 8 is inserted into a carbon reservoir of blue carbon sediment, after heat is generated by current passing through the solar charging plate 9, the heat sequentially passes through the metal heat sink layer 101, the upper heat conducting layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105, the lower heat conducting layer 104 and the silica gel heat conducting layer 103 to be diffused outwards, because the upper micro-channel, the middle micro-channel 10 and the lower micro-channel 6 are respectively arranged on the upper heat conducting layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105 and the lower heat conducting layer 104, the low-boiling-point fluid in the unidirectional circulation channel absorbs the heat transferred by the upper heat conducting layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105 and the lower heat conducting layer 104 in a heat exchange manner, the low-boiling-point fluid in the upper micro-channel reaches the return pipeline 304, the temperature of the low-boiling-point fluid in the upper micro-channel is increased at the moment under the continuous action of the first unidirectional drainage component 4, the low-boiling-point fluid generates volume change under the action of thermal expansion and even reaches boiling point vaporization, therefore, the low boiling point fluid can only move towards the first unidirectional drainage component 4, when the air pressure intensity of the air flowing into the return pipeline 304 is larger than the elastic supporting intensity of the rear supporting spring 406 applied on the linkage shaft 404, the unidirectional ball valve 403 moves away from the unidirectional drainage bucket 402 under the action of the air pressure, the unidirectional ball valve 403 pushes the linkage shaft 404 to slide on the inner side of the rear supporting net and presses the rear supporting spring 406 to elastically deform, the rear supporting spring 406 is compressed, the vaporization fluid flows into the upper heat dissipation part 301 along the return pipeline 304, the upper heat dissipation part 301 transfers the heat carried by the vaporization fluid into the environment through the heat dissipation fins arranged on the surface, the cooled vaporization fluid is liquefied and condensed, the condensed fluid flows towards the pressure release pipeline 305 under the action of gravity, the second unidirectional drainage component 5 is internally provided with the unidirectional ball valve 403 to move away from the unidirectional drainage bucket 402, the condensed fluid enters the bottom micro-channel along the pressure release pipeline 305, the low-boiling-point fluid in the unidirectional circulation channel circulates the fluid from bottom to top, and heat generated by the operation of the solar charging panel 9 is unidirectionally transferred from top to bottom, so that the low-boiling-point fluid can absorb heat released by the solar charging panel 9 better in a heat conduction manner, the low-boiling-point fluid absorbs heat released by the operation of the solar charging panel 9, and the absorbed low-boiling-point fluid is evaporated and gasified.|[0047] Specifically, the lower fluid stop collar 201 is connected at the top of the base 7, the lower fluid stop collar 201 is sleeved on the peripheries of the silica gel heat conduction layer 103 and the lower heat conduction layer 104, an upper fluid stop collar 205 is arranged above the lower fluid stop collar 201, a lens 206 is connected to the top of the upper fluid stop collar 205, a lower threaded rod 202 is connected to the top of the lower fluid stop collar 201, a middle threaded cylinder 203 is connected to the threaded surface of the lower threaded rod 202 in a threaded manner, an upper threaded rod 204 is connected to the other port of the middle threaded cylinder 203 in a threaded manner, the other end of the upper threaded rod 204 is connected to the bottom of the upper fluid stop collar 205, and the thread directions of the surfaces of the upper threaded rod 204 and the lower threaded rod 202 are opposite.|[0048] The implementation mode specifically comprises the following steps: twisting the middle threaded cylinder 203, the middle threaded cylinder 203 rotates on the upper threaded rod 204 and the lower threaded rod 202 at the same time, the distance between the lens 206 and the solar charging plate 9 can be adjusted, when the distance between the solar charging plate 9 and the lens 206 is increased, the working space of the solar charging plate 9 is enlarged, the heat dissipation space is increased, and when the distance between the solar charging plate 9 and the lens 206 is reduced, the distance between the upper fluid limiting ring 205 and the lower fluid limiting ring 201 is reduced, so that better reflection and capturing of inflow air are facilitated.|[0049] Specifically, the heat dissipation assembly 3 includes an upper heat dissipation element 301, the upper heat dissipation element 301 is sleeved on the upper heat conduction layer 102, and the lens 206 is connected to the top of the upper heat dissipation element 301;|[0050] a group of lower micro-channels 6 on one side end of the packaging assembly 1 is communicated with the middle micro-channel 10 through a longitudinal connecting pipe 302, and the group of upper micro-channels is communicated with an upper heat dissipation element 301 through a return pipe 304; the rest micro-channel 6, the middle micro-channel 10 and the upper micro-channel are all connected end to end through a transverse connecting pipe 303; the group of lower micro-channels 6 on the other side end is communicated with the upper heat dissipation element 301 through a pressure relief pipeline 305, the group of middle micro-channels 10 and the upper micro-channels are communicated through a longitudinal connecting pipe 302, and the rest of the lower micro-channels 6, the middle micro-channels 10 and the upper micro-channels are communicated end to end through a transverse connecting pipe 303.|[0051] The implementation mode specifically comprises the following steps: the lower fluid limiting ring 201 and the upper fluid limiting ring 205 of the light transmission path adjusting assembly 2 are combined with the metal heat sink layer 101, the upper heat conducting layer 102, the middle ceramic layer 105, the lower heat conducting layer 104 and the silica gel heat conducting layer 103 of the packaging assembly 1 to form a heat dissipation loop, the periphery of the heat dissipation loop is in a horn mouth shape, and two barb structures are formed, so that air flow entering the heat dissipation loop can flow along the whole loop structure, and heat conduction is conducted to the upper heat dissipation element 301 more fully.|[0052] Specifically, a first unidirectional drainage component 4 is arranged on the backflow pipeline 304, a second unidirectional drainage component 5 is arranged on the pressure release pipeline 305, the second unidirectional drainage component 5 has the same structure as the first unidirectional drainage component 4, the first unidirectional drainage component 4 comprises a unidirectional drainage pipe 401, the unidirectional drainage pipe 401 is connected to the backflow pipeline 304, one end, away from the upper heat dissipation part 301, of the unidirectional drainage pipe 401 is clamped with a unidirectional drainage bucket 402, a unidirectional ball valve 403 is connected to the unidirectional drainage bucket 402 in an embedded mode, a linkage shaft 404 is connected to the unidirectional ball valve 403, a rear support net disc 405 is sleeved on the linkage shaft 404, the rear support net disc 405 is clamped in the other port of the unidirectional drainage pipe 401, a rear support spring 406 is sleeved on the linkage shaft 404, and the linkage shaft 404 is elastically supported and connected with the rear support net disc 405 through the rear support spring 406.|[0053] The implementation mode specifically comprises the following steps: the low boiling point fluid in the upper micro-channel reaches the return pipe 304, the temperature of the low boiling point fluid in the upper micro-channel is increased under the continuous action of the first unidirectional drainage component 4, the low boiling point fluid generates volume change under the thermal expansion effect and even reaches boiling point vaporization, therefore, the low boiling point fluid can only move towards the direction of the first unidirectional drainage component 4, when the air pressure intensity flowing into the return pipe 304 is greater than the elastic supporting intensity exerted on the linkage shaft 404 by the rear supporting spring 406, the unidirectional ball valve 403 moves away from the unidirectional drainage bucket 402 under the action of the air pressure, the unidirectional ball valve 403 pushes the linkage shaft 404 to slide on the inner side of the rear supporting net and presses the rear supporting spring 406 to elastically deform, the rear supporting spring 406 is compressed, and the vaporized fluid flows into the upper heat dissipation piece 301 along the return pipe 304.|[0054] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any person skilled in the art, based on the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, can be replaced or changed within the scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(108337349)|108337349|Abstract|(CN117478062B B)|The invention discloses monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources and a use method , and belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration factor monitoring equipment . The monitoring equipment comprises a solar charging panel , a base and a packaging assembly arranged on the base , and a light - transmitting path adjusting assembly is connected to the position , corresponding to the exterior of the packaging assembly , of the top of the base . According to the invention , a built - in one - way ball valve of a second one - way discharge assembly moves in a direction far away from a one - way discharge hopper , condensed fluid enters a bottom micro - channel along a pressure relief pipeline , low - boiling - point fluid in a one - way circulation channel circulates the fluid from bottom to top , and heat generated by working of a solar charging panel is transmitted from top to bottom in a one - way manner ; the low - boiling - point fluid can better absorb heat released by the solar charging panel in a heat conduction mode , the low - boiling - point fluid is used for absorbing heat released by the solar charging panel during working , the low - boiling - point fluid absorbing heat is evaporated and vaporized , the fluid carrying heat is forced to flow , and the water - cooling heat dissipation effect of the solar charging panel is achieved . |Title|(CN117478062 A)|Monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources and use method |(CN117478062B B)|Monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and using method | | Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy|Measurement | G01N-021/01|H02S-040/425 | G01N-021/01|H02S-040/425 | G01N-021/01|H02S-040/42 | G01N-021/01|H02S-040/42 | CN115524458|CN115350578|CN114576863|CN112260648|CN111682081|CN110752823|CN204392142U|CN103625608|CN103430325|CN201352560U | CN115524458 103158559 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN115350578 102642667 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN114576863 100326575 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN112260648 92401196 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN111682081 90683321 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN110752823 87482479 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN204392142U 69572451 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN103625608 64938273 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN103430325 61604929 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN201352560U 8548589 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN115350578; CN103625608; CN114576863; CN103430325; CN110752823; CN111682081; CN112260648; CN115524458; CN201352560U; CN204392142U | GRANTED | (CN117478062)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN117478062)|ALIVE | (CN117478062)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN117478062|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-12-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-12-27|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202311821281|Application date=2023-12-27|Standardized application number=2023CN-1821281|Event publication date=2024-01-30|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN117478062|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-01-30|Standardized publication number=CN117478062|Event publication date=2024-01-30|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-02-20|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2024-03-12|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN117478062|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2024-03-12|Standardized publication number=CN117478062B|Event publication date=2024-03-12|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right|Event publication date=2024-07-12|Event code=CN/EE01|Event group=License agreements LICT|Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract|Contract nbr: X2024980007856|LICENSEE:SHANDONG HENGHAO INFORMATION TECH CO LTD LICENSEE:YANTAI DECON ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 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LICENSEE:YANTAI GUOBANG CHEMICAL MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.|Effective date of the event=2025-06-06|Event publication date=2025-06-24|Event code=CN/EC01|Event group=License agreements LICT|Enforcement, change and cancellation of record for exploitation license contracts|Contract nbr: X2024980007856|ASSIGNOR:YANTAI NEW AND OLD KINETIC ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND YANTAI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AC LICENSEE:SHANDONG HENGHAO INFORMATION TECH CO LTD LICENSEE:YANTAI DECON ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. LICENSEE:YANTAI GUOBANG CHEMICAL MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.|Effective date of the event=2025-06-06|Event publication date=2025-08-26|Event code=CN/TR01|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Transfer of patent right|FORMER APPLICANT:YANTAI NEW AND OLD KINETIC ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND YANTAI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AC FORMER APPLICANT:SHANDONG HI SPEED MARINE TECH CO LTD APPLICANT:SHANDONG HI SPEED MARINE TECH CO LTD APPLICANT:SHANDONG YANTAI SINO JAPAN INDUSTRIAL TECH RESEARCH INSTITUTE YANTAI INDUSTRIAL TECH RESEARCH INSTIT|Effective date of the event=2025-08-11 | (CN117478062)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSkYLXgjyM8Mxj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000071765717&ekey=2143&xpn=CN117478062B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=5E9uwExVyh9get%252FaK4CBIbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN117478062)|CN|(CN117478062)|CN | (CN117478062)|NAME=YANTAI NEW AND OLD KINETIC ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND YANTAI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AC , COUNTRY=CN|(CN117478062)|NAME=YANTAI NEW AND OLD KINETIC ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND YANTAI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AC , COUNTRY=CN | (CN117478062)|NAME=YANG JIANXIN;Yantai Junding Bochuang Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership) , REG=37356|(CN117478062)|NAME=YANG JIANXIN;Yantai Junding Bochuang Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership) , REG=37356 | (CN117478062)|NAME=Yu Guang|NAME=Sui Huajie|NAME=Zhang Yongxuan|NAME=Cui Jiyun|NAME=Xu Ning|NAME=Sun Yuejun|NAME=Yu Hui|(CN117478062)|NAME=YU GUANG|NAME=SUI HUAJIE|NAME=ZHANG YONGXUAN|NAME=CHOI, GIL WOON|NAME=XU NING|NAME=SUN YUEJUN|NAME=YU HUI | Titre: (CN117478062)|Monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating carbon sequestration capacity of ocean resources and using method Résumé: (CN117478062)|The invention discloses monitoring equipment for measuring and calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of marine resources and a use method, and belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration factor monitoring equipment.The monitoring equipment comprises a solar charging panel, a base and a packaging assembly arranged on the base, and a light-transmitting path adjusting assembly is connected to the position, corresponding to the exterior of the packaging assembly, of the top of the base. According to the invention, a built-in one-way ball valve of a second one-way discharge assembly moves in a direction far away from a one-way discharge hopper, condensed fluid enters a bottom micro-channel along a pressure relief pipeline, low-boiling-point fluid in a one-way circulation channel circulates the fluid from bottom to top, and heat generated by working of a solar charging panel is transmitted from top to bottom in a one-way manner; the low-boiling-point fluid can better absorb heat released by the solar charging panel in a heat conduction mode, the low-boiling-point fluid is used for absorbing heat released by the solar charging panel during working, the low-boiling-point fluid absorbing heat is evaporated and vaporized, the fluid carrying heat is forced to flow, and the water-cooling heat dissipation effect of the solar charging panel is achieved. | 26.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on monitoring equipment for measuring carbon sequestration capacity, without discussing ocean fertilization or nutrient addition to stimulate phytoplankton growth. | 10.0 | 0.0 | (CN117478062)|1 | (CN117478062)|4 | (CN117478062)|5|(CN117478062)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN117478062)|7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | SHANDONG HENGHAO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; FROM 2024-06-24|YANTAI DECON ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY; FROM 2024-06-24|YANTAI GUOBANG CHEMICAL MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY; FROM 2024-06-24|SELF CREATED ZONE YANTAI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION; FROM 2024-07-02 | (CN117478062)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-03-12|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-1101|Number of Pages: NPAGES=15|Primary examiner: 范征|Primary examiner: Fan Zheng||(CN117478062)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-01-30|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-0501|Number of Pages: NPAGES=15|Primary examiner: 范征|Primary examiner: Fan Zheng| | (CN117478062)|Previous publication: CN117478062 A 2024-01-30 [CN117478062] | (CN117478062)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN117478062B)|Patent|(CN117478062)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 37 | CN202311067304 | CN202311067304 | CN117092082 | 107333455 | CN117092082 A 2023-11-21 [CN117092082] | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-21 | (CN117092082)|2043-08-23 | (CN117092082)|Method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology | (CN117092082)|The invention relates to a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on a phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology. The method comprises the following steps: 1) culturing a single phytoplankton to obtain an algae culture solution; 2) determining the PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by using an FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology; measuring the photosynthetic fixed carbon content of the algae liquid by using an isotope 14C tracer technology; and 3) combining the PSIIactive content with the photosynthetic carbon sequestration amount, establishing a model based on the relationship between the PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon sequestration rate and the light intensity change, and establishing a method for estimating the ocean carbon sequestration based on the phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology by taking the PSIIactive as a bridge. The method has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, economy and rapidness, and solves the problems of high cost, environmental pollution, harm to human bodies and the like in carbon sequestration determination of marine phytoplankton. | SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY - CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | (CN117092082)|SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN]) | LI GANG|WANG ZHIQIN|WAN MINGYUE|TAN YEHUI | (CN117092082)|LI GANG|WANG ZHIQIN|WAN MINGYUE|TAN YEHUI | (CN117092082)|CHEN JIEDI;GUANGZHOU KEYUE I.P. LAW OFFICE|Reg. Nb: 44001|LIU MINGXING;GUANGZHOU KEYUE I.P. LAW OFFICE|Reg. Nb: 44001 | (CN117092082)|Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for estimating ocean carbon fixation based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, which has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, economy and rapidness, and solves the problems of high ocean phytoplankton carbon fixation determination cost, environmental pollution, human body harm and the like.|The intensity of the phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence signal can represent the concentration (Chl a) of phytoplankton in the water body, and has the advantages of extremely high sensitivity, simple operation, economy and rapidness.|The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for estimating ocean primary productivity (carbon fixation) based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, which has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, economy and rapidness, and solves the problems of high ocean phytoplankton carbon fixation determination cost, environmental pollution, human body harm and the like.|At present, the most commonly used and most sensitive method for measuring the carbon fixation, namely the primary productivity, of marine phytoplankton is the radioactive carbon isotope @, the method is that 14 C) The tracing method, however, is greatly limited in use due to high cost, environmental pollution, injury to human body, etc. The photosynthetic oxygen discharge method is used for measuring the primary productivity, and the limitation of detection limit requires higher phytoplankton concentration, while the concentration of phytoplankton in the ocean, particularly in the ocean area, is extremely low, so that the method is extremely limited in measuring the primary productivity in situ.|However, the level of Chl a content in the in-situ water body cannot be well matched with the level of carbon fixation of the water body under the influence of environmental factors such as illumination and the like, namely, the intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence signals (the level of Chl a content) cannot accurately reflect the level of primary productivity.| | (CN117092082)|1. A method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:(1) Culturing single phytoplankton to obtain an algae culture solution;(2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology; using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology;(3) And combining PSIIactive content with photosynthetic carbon fixation amount, establishing a relation model based on PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon fixation rate and light intensity change, and establishing a method for estimating ocean carbon fixation based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology by taking PSIIactive as a bridge.| | (CN117092082)|The invention relates to a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology. The method comprises the following steps: 1) Culturing single phytoplankton to obtain an algae culture solution; 2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology; using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology; 3) And combining PSIIactive content with photosynthetic carbon fixation amount, establishing a relation model based on PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon fixation rate and light intensity change, and establishing a method for estimating ocean carbon fixation based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology by taking PSIIactive as a bridge.| | (CN117092082)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,31)|PHYTOPLANKTON(100,29)|CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE(100,22)|ESTIMATING OCEAN(100,16)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION ESTIMATION(100,12)|FRR CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION(100,7)|CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION(73,7)|ESTIMATING OCEAN CARBON FIXATION(55,4)|OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON CARBON FIXATION(51,2)|OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON(48,3)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(47,2)|FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION(46,7)|CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE SIGNAL(36,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON INTENSITY(33,1)|ALGAE CONTENT(31,7)|TRACE(30,8)|RAPIDNESS(29,4)|CHLOROPHYL FLUORESCENCE SIGNAL INTENSITY(27,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION(25,29)|ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION(25,4)|ALGAE CULTURE SOLUTION(25,3)|ALGAE(24,9)|PROCHOLOCOCCUS MARINA(24,2)|CARBON FIXATION(23,23)|RELATION MODEL(22,3)|FLUORESCENCE SIGNAL(22,2)|ECONOMY(21,5)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN(21,3)|ALGAL POOL(21,1)|CARBON ISOTOPE RADIOACTIVITY(21,1)|ISOTOPE(20,12)|SUBSTITUTING PSIIACTIVE CHL(20,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(20,3)|DETERMINATION COST(19,2)|SYNECHOCOCCUS SP(19,2)|CORRECTION COEFFICIENT(18,7)|RAPID REPEAT FLUORESCENCE(18,4)|ALGAE LIQUID PSIIACTIVE CONTENT(18,1)|CHLA CONTENT(17,4)|HUMAN BODY HARM(17,3)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(16,6)|FUNDAMENTAL FLUORESCENCE(16,4)|UNASSIMILATED PLANT(16,4)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,3)|BRIDGE(15,8)|CYCLE MOL PSII MOL(15,4)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN EVOLUTION(15,4)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION RATE(14,5)|OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(14,3)|SEA AREA(12,1)|RELATION MODEL ASN(11,3)|OSTREOCOCCUS TAURI(11,2)|INJURY(11,1)|ASSIMILATED ORGANIC MATTER(10,2)|SCINTILLATION LIQUID ADDITION(10,2)|FILTER MEMBRANE(9,6)|ILLUMINATION(9,5)|DARK SAMPLE TREATMENT(9,4)|SEA(9,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION RATE ASN(9,2)|INDOOR ILLUMINATION INCUBATOR(9,2)|CARBON ISOTOPE(9,1)|DETECTION LIMIT LIMITATION(9,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(9,1)|LIGHT INTENSITY CHANGE(8,8)|MOL PHOTON(8,7)|FLASHING PERIOD(8,4)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL(8,1)|WHATMAN GF F(7,6)|TURNER FLUOROMETER(7,2)|WATER BODY(6,6)|CONSTANT COEFFICIENT(6,4)|LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER(6,4)|TOTAL SOLUBLE INORGANIC CARBON(6,4)|NET PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN(6,2)|COUNTING EFFICIENCY(5,4)|DIC(5,4)|ZEU(5,4)|PHOTON MOL(5,3)|ASSIMILATION COEFFICIENT(5,2)|FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT(5,2)|GROWN SYNECHOCOCCUS(5,2)|ILLUMINATION GRADIENT(5,2)|PHOTON INSTRUMENT(5,2)|ULTRASONIC CRUSHING(5,2)|ALGAE SEED LIBRARY PURCHASE(5,1)|ALGAL SPECIES POOL(5,1)|DETECTION LIMIT(5,1)|HUMAN BODY(5,1)|MARKERCOLLECTING PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|MEASURING PHYTOPLANKTON SYNECHOCOCCUS(5,1)|PREDATOR PREDATION(5,1)|WATER BODY CARBON FIXATION(5,1)|CENTRIFUGATION(4,6)|SAMPLE CONCENTRATION(4,3)|CONCENTRATED ALGAE SOLUTION(4,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON CELL(4,2)|SINGLE PHYTOPLANKTON THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA(4,2)|TIME CONSUMPTION(3,8)|CI NUMBER(3,4)|CUVETTE(3,4)|DARK CONDITION(3,4)|LIGHT ADAPTATION(3,4)|LIGHT ADAPTED STATE PSII(3,4)|LIGHT TREATED SAMPLE(3,4)|NITROGEN NUTRIENT SALT CONCENTRATION(3,4)|TRUE LIGHT LAYER DEPTH(3,4)|UNIT VOLUME(3,4)|CHANGING RATE(3,3)|ADDING MGCO(3,2)|ALGAE CELL EXTRACT(3,2)|ALGAE SOLUTION CONTENT(3,2)|ALGAE SOLUTION VOLUME(3,2)|ALGAL LIQUID SAMPLE(3,2)|GROWTH ENVIRONMENT(3,2)|ORGANIC SUBSTANCE ASSIMILATION(3,2)|PREEXPERIMENT(3,2)|RESPIRATION OXYGEN CONSUMPTION(3,2)|SINGLE PHYTOPLANKTON SYNECHOCOCCUS(3,2)|MARINE BACTERIA(3,1)|MARINE CARBON ABSORPTION(3,1)|MEASURING PSIIACTIVE CONTENT(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON T PSEUDONANA(3,1)|PSIIACTIVE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION(3,1)|QUICK ESTIMATION(3,1)|TECHNICAL ROADMAP(3,1)| | (CN117092082)|1. A method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:|(1) Culturing single phytoplankton to obtain an algae culture solution;|(2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology; using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology;|(3) And combining PSIIactive content with photosynthetic carbon fixation amount, establishing a relation model based on PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon fixation rate and light intensity change, and establishing a method for estimating ocean carbon fixation based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology by taking PSIIactive as a bridge.|2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technique is used for determining the PSIIactive content of algae liquid, specifically: determination of fundamental fluorescence signal F of algae liquid under light adaptation using FRRf rapid repeat fluorescence technique O ' effective absorption cross section sigma of PSII in light adapted state PSII ' calculating F O ’/σ PSII ' value, F O ’/σ PSII ' represents the PSIIactive content per unit volume, i.e. PSIIactive=a x F O ’/σ PSII ' a is a correction coefficient.|3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the isotope is used 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of: adding into algae liquid 14 Culturing the C marker, collecting phytoplankton with Whatman GF/F filter membrane after culturing, acidifying, oven drying to remove unassimilated plant 14 C, adding scintillation liquid, and measuring the assimilated organic matters by a liquid scintillation counter 14 C radioactivity CPM, photosynthetic carbon fixation C= [ (CPM) (l) -CPM (d) )/C e ] x I f XDIC/A, wherein CPM (l) For counting of light-treated samples per minute, CPM (d) Count per minute for dark treated samples, C e For counting efficiency, I f DIC is the total soluble inorganic carbon and A is the added 14 The number of μCi of C times 2.2 x 10 6 。|4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of step (3) are:|s1, measuring PSIIactive content of algae liquid by adopting a photosynthetic oxygen evolution method, measuring chlorophyll a content of the algae liquid by adopting a fluorescence method, namely Chla content, and calculating a quantitative relation between the PSIIactive content and the Chla content, namely PSIIactive/Chla=A (mol O) 2 L -1 s -1 ) x B(5 x 10 -2 s flash cycle -1 ) x C(4mol e - mol O 2-1 ) x D(1flash cycle mol PSII mol e --1 ) x E(1mol Chl a L -1 ) -1 Wherein A is total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of algae liquid, B is time consumption of each flashing, and C is time consumption of each production of 1O 2 The molecule consumes 4 electrons, D is that 1 molecule PSII only receives 1 electron in one flashing period, E is the concentration of Chl a in the algae liquid;|s2, calculating the carbon sequestration amount in unit chlorophyll a unit time according to the photosynthetic carbon sequestration amount C measured in the step 2 and the Chl a content measured in the step 1, and obtaining a carbon sequestration rate AsN=C/(Chl a multiplied by time);|s3, based on 14 The carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton under different light intensities measured by a C isotope tracing technology is used for establishing a relation model of the carbon fixation rate and the light intensity change: asn=e/(aE) 2 +bE+c), where a, b, c are correction coefficients and E is the intensity of light;|s4, substituting PSIIactive/Chl a into AsN=E/(aE) based on quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chl a content measured in the step S1 2 +bE+c), and establishing a relation model AsN' =E/(aE) of photosynthetic carbon fixation rate change and light intensity change based on PSIIactive 2 +bE+c), i.e. [ PSIIactive ]] x R=E/(aE 2 +bE+c), R is a fixed coefficient;|s5, taking PSIIactive as a bridge, and establishing the following method for measuring the carbon sequestration amount of the water body based on a fluorescence technology:|wherein t is time, Z is depth, zeu is depth reached by 1% of surface light intensity, namely depth of a true light layer;|will F O ’/σ PSII 'replace PSIIactive' to establish a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the single phytoplankton comprises a single phytoplankton isolated from culture in an in situ phytoplankton population or a single phytoplankton purchased from a algal pool.|6. The method of claim 5, wherein said single phytoplankton comprises Thalassiosira pseudonana, t.puntigera, synechococcus sp, procholococcus marinas and Ostreococcus tauri. | (CN117092082)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean primary productivity measurement, and particularly relates to a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean is the largest "carbon sink" on earth, which is the largest source of CO to the atmosphere 2 Can alleviate the current CO 2 A series of environmental problems caused by the rise. The ocean phytoplankton utilizes light energy to drive photosynthesis to fix CO 2 Synthesizing organic matters, the carbon fixing process can accelerate the atmospheric CO 2 Dissolving in seawater to drive ocean to absorb atmospheric CO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The phytoplankton releases organic carbon to the water body in the predator predation or death process, and the organic carbon secreted by the phytoplankton incubates the growth and propagation of marine bacteria and viruses (carbon fixing process), so that the marine carbon absorption is further increased. Therefore, phytoplankton carbon sequestration provides power for ocean to perform a carbon sink function, and how to accurately quantify the biological carbon sequestration is a key for estimating the ocean carbon sequestration and carbon storage capacity.|[0003] At present, the most commonly used and most sensitive method for measuring the carbon fixation, namely the primary productivity, of marine phytoplankton is the radioactive carbon isotope @, the method is that 14 C) The tracing method, however, is greatly limited in use due to high cost, environmental pollution, injury to human body, etc. The photosynthetic oxygen discharge method is used for measuring the primary productivity, and the limitation of detection limit requires higher phytoplankton concentration, while the concentration of phytoplankton in the ocean, particularly in the ocean area, is extremely low, so that the method is extremely limited in measuring the primary productivity in situ.|[0004] The intensity of the phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence signal can represent the concentration (Chl a) of phytoplankton in the water body, and has the advantages of extremely high sensitivity, simple operation, economy and rapidness. However, the level of Chl a content in the in-situ water body cannot be well matched with the level of carbon fixation of the water body under the influence of environmental factors such as illumination and the like, namely, the intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence signals (the level of Chl a content) cannot accurately reflect the level of primary productivity. In addition, the variation of Chl a content in phytoplankton unit cells is large, and the difference of carbon fixation rate based on Chl a is also large.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for estimating ocean carbon fixation based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, which has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, economy and rapidness, and solves the problems of high ocean phytoplankton carbon fixation determination cost, environmental pollution, human body harm and the like.|[0006] In order to achieve the purposes of simple and convenient operation, economy and quick estimation of the primary productivity of the ocean, the invention provides the following technical scheme:|[0007] a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, comprising the following steps:|[0008] (1) Culturing single phytoplankton to obtain an algae culture solution;|[0009] (2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology; using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology;|[0010] (3) And combining PSIIactive content with photosynthetic carbon fixation amount, establishing a relation model based on PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon fixation rate and light intensity change, and establishing a method for estimating ocean carbon fixation based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology by taking PSIIactive as a bridge.|[0011] In step (1), the single phytoplankton comprises a single phytoplankton isolated and cultured in situ in a population of phytoplankton or a single phytoplankton purchased from a pool of algal species.|[0012] The establishment of the method according to the invention is based on the study of the following individual phytoplankton species including Thalassiosira pseudonana, t.pubtigera, synechococcus sp, procholococcus marinas and Ostreococcus tauri.|[0013] In the step (2), the FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology is used for measuring PSIIactive content of the algae liquid, and specifically comprises the following steps: determination of fundamental fluorescence signal F of algae liquid under light adaptation using FRR rapid repeat fluorescence technique O ' effective absorption cross section sigma of PSII in light adapted state PSII ' calculating F O ’/σ PSII ' value, F O ’/σ PSII ' represents the PSIIactive content per unit volume, i.e. PSIIactive=a x F O ’/σ PSII ' a is a correction coefficient.|[0014] In step (2), the isotope is used 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of: adding into algae liquid 14 Culturing the C markerCollecting phytoplankton with Whatman GF/F filter membrane after finishing, acidifying, oven drying, and removing unassimilated plants 14 C, adding scintillation liquid, and measuring the assimilated organic matters by a liquid scintillation counter 14 C radioactivity CPM, photosynthetic carbon fixation C= [ (CPM) (l) -CPM (d) )/C e ] x I f XDIC/A, wherein CPM (l) For counting of light-treated samples per minute, CPM (d) Count per minute for dark treated samples, C e For counting efficiency, I f DIC is the total soluble inorganic carbon and A is the added 14 The number of μCi of C times 2.2X10 6 。|[0015] The specific steps of the step (3) are as follows:|[0016] s1, measuring PSIIactive content of algae liquid by adopting a photosynthetic oxygen evolution method, measuring chlorophyll a content of the algae liquid by adopting a fluorescence method, namely Chla content, and calculating a quantitative relation between the PSIIactive content and the Chla content, namely PSIIactive/Chla=A (mol O) 2 L -1 s -1 ) x B(5 x 10 -2 s flash cycle -1 ) x C(4mol e - mol O 2-1 ) x D(1flash cycle mol PSII mol e --1 ) x E(1mol Chl a L -1 ) -1 Wherein A is total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of algae liquid, B is time consumption of each flashing, and C is time consumption of each production of 1O 2 The molecule consumes 4 electrons, D is that 1 molecule PSII only receives 1 electron in one flashing period, E is the concentration of Chl a in the algae liquid;|[0017] s2, calculating the carbon sequestration amount in unit chlorophyll a unit time according to the photosynthetic carbon sequestration amount C measured in the step 2 and the Chl a content measured in the step 1, and obtaining a carbon sequestration rate AsN=C/(Chl a multiplied by time);|[0018] s3, based on 14 The carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton under different light intensities measured by a C isotope tracing technology is used for establishing a relation model of the carbon fixation rate and the light intensity change: asn=e/(aE) 2 +bE+c), where a, b, c are correction coefficients and E is the intensity of light;|[0019] s4, substituting PSIIactive/Chl a into AsN=E/(aE) based on quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chl a content measured in the step S1 2 +bE+c), establishing PSIIactive-based photosynthetic carbon fixation rate changeRelation model AsN' =e/(aE) of light intensity variation 2 +bE+c), i.e. [ PSIIactive ]] x R=E/(aE 2 +bE+c), R is a fixed coefficient;|[0020] s5, taking PSIIactive as a bridge, and establishing the following method for measuring the carbon sequestration amount of the water body based on a fluorescence technology:|[0021] |[0022] wherein t is time, Z is depth, zeu is depth reached by 1% of surface light intensity, namely depth of a true light layer;|[0023] will F O ’/σ PSII 'replace PSIIactive' to establish a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|[0024] The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for estimating ocean primary productivity (carbon fixation) based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, which has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, economy and rapidness, and solves the problems of high ocean phytoplankton carbon fixation determination cost, environmental pollution, human body harm and the like.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0025] FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap for a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration (primary productivity) based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology. As shown in the figure: 1. in-situ phytoplankton population, 2, isolated culture, 3, single phytoplankton, 4, algae seed library purchase, 5, fluorescence technology, 6, 14 C isotope tracing technology, 7, PSIIactive content, 8, photosynthetic carbon fixation amount, 9, and 10, taking PSIIactive as a bridge based on the relation between PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon fixation rate and light intensity change, and establishing a new method for estimating ocean primary productivity based on chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|[0026] FIG. 2 is a comparison of the determination of the photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of phytoplankton T.pseudoonana based on the method of the present invention (chlorophyll fluorescence method) and the conventional method.|[0027] FIG. 3 is a comparison of the amounts of photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton Synechococcus sp measured based on the method of the present invention (chlorophyll fluorescence method) and a conventional method.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] The following examples are further illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.|[0029] Example 1|[0030] A method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, comprising the following steps:|[0031] (1) The indoor illumination incubator adopts f/2 culture medium to perform semi-continuous culture (light-dark period 12h:12 h) on single phytoplankton Thalassiosira pseudonana to obtain algae liquid; the illumination gradient was set to 30 (near the light compensation point), 150 (optimal growth light intensity) and 300. Mu. Mol photons m -2 s -1 (light inhibition was generated) the nitrogen nutrient salt concentration was set at 500, 50 and 5. Mu. Mol L -1 And the temperatures were set at 18, 21 and 24 ℃ to obtain algal liquid samples suitable for different environments.|[0032] (2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae solution by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology: determination of fundamental fluorescence signal F of algae liquid under light adaptation using FRR rapid repeat fluorescence technique O ' effective absorption cross section sigma of PSII in light-adapted state PSII ' calculating F O ’/σ PSII ' value, F O ’/σ PSII ' represents the PSIIactive content per unit volume, i.e. PSIIactive=a x F O ’/σ PSII ' a is a correction coefficient;|[0033] (3) Using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology: adding certain amount of radiation into the algae liquid 14 C marker temperature controlled cultivation [ control temperature to cultivation temperature with circulating water temperature control system (MaXircu CR-12,DAIHAN Scientific,Korea)]Collecting phytoplankton with Whatman GF/F filter membrane after culturing, acidifying, oven drying to remove unassimilated plant 14 C, adding 5mL of scintillation liquid, and measuring the assimilated organic substances by a liquid scintillation counter (Tri-Carb 4810, TR, perkinEmer, USA) 14 Emission amount of C (CPM), photosynthetic carbon fixation amount (C, mu g C/L) = [ (CPM) (l) -CPM (d) )/C e ] x I f XDIC/A, wherein CPM (l) For counting of light-treated samples per minute, CPM (d) Count per minute for dark treated samples, C e For counting efficiency,I f DIC is the total soluble inorganic carbon and A is the added 14 The number of μCi of C times 2.2X10 6 ;|[0034] (4) And determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by adopting a photosynthetic oxygen discharge method: centrifuging (4000 g,10 min) 50mL of the algae solution under the different environmental conditions to 5mL, placing 2.5mL of the concentrated algae solution into a 1cm x 1cm cuvette with oxygen electrode (Pyroscience, germany) and temperature control device, and placing the cuvette into a fluorescent instrument (L3500, photon Systems Instruments, czech Republic) measuring device with LED light source to provide 90000 μmol of photons m -2 s -1 Flash light at 2 mus intervals. Before starting the fluorescent light source to measure photosynthetic oxygen evolution, the concentrated sample is placed in darkness for adaptation for 3-5min until the temperature in the sample chamber reaches constant, and weak light (50. Mu. Mol photons m) is turned on -2 s -1 ) Ensuring that electrons can be smoothly transferred between PSII and PSI when the flash is turned on. The required saturation light intensity of single phytoplankton Thalassiosira pseudonana under different growth environments is determined through a pre-experiment. Determination of O in algae liquid using 3000 flashes, time-consuming 150s 2 Concentration variation (net photosynthetic oxygen release rate), light source is turned off immediately, respiration oxygen consumption rate of cells under dark condition is measured, and O under illumination and dark condition is measured by oxygen electrode 2 Dividing the sum of the concentration changes by the measurement time to obtain the total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of the algae liquid. After the measurement is finished, the phytoplankton cells are collected by centrifugation, and the content of Chl a in the concentrated sample is quantified: firstly, measuring standard Chl a fluorescence values of serial concentrations by using a fluorometer, and drawing a standard curve; then filtering a certain volume of the algae solution or concentrate on Whatman GF/F filter membrane (diameter 25 mm), adding MgCO 3 And (3) carrying out ultrasonic crushing on saturated 90% acetone (10 min), extracting in a dark place at 20 ℃ for 24h, centrifuging after the extraction is finished, taking supernatant, measuring the fluorescence value of the algae cell extract by using a Turner fluorometer, and calculating according to a standard curve to obtain the concentration of the algae liquid Chl a.|[0035] Estimating the quantitative relationship between PSIIactive content and Chla based on the determined total photosynthetic oxygen production rate and Chla concentration:|[0036] PSIIactive/Chl a=A(mol O 2 L -1 s -1 ) x B(5 x 10 -2 s flash cycle -1 ) x C(4mol e - mol O 2-1 ) x D(1|[0037] flash cycle mol PSII mol e --1 ) x E(1mol Chl a L -1 ) -1 wherein A is total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of algae liquid, B is time consumption of each flashing, and C is time consumption of each production of 1O 2 The molecule consumes 4 electrons, D is that 1 molecule PSII only receives 1 electron in one flashing period, E is the concentration of Chl a in the algae liquid;|[0038] (5) Calculating photosynthetic carbon fixation rate (AsN, assimilation coefficient) according to the photosynthetic carbon fixation amount C measured in the step (3) and the concentration of Chl a measured in the step (4), namely, the carbon fixation amount (mu g C mu g Chl a) per unit chlorophyll a per unit time -1 h -1 );|[0039] (6) Based on 14 The carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton under different light intensities measured by a C isotope tracing technology is used for establishing a relation model of the carbon fixation rate and the light intensity change: asn=e/(aE) 2 +bE+c), where a, b, c are correction coefficients and E is the intensity of light;|[0040] (7) Substituting PSIIactive/Chl a into AsN=E/(aE) based on quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chl a measured in the step (4) 2 +be+c), establishing a relation model AsN' =E/(aE) between the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate change and the light intensity change based on PSIIactive 2 +bE+c), i.e. [ PSIIactive ]] x R=E/(aE 2 +bE+c), R is a fixed coefficient;|[0041] (8) Taking PSIIactive as a bridge, and establishing the following method for measuring the carbon sequestration amount of the marine water based on a fluorescence technology:|[0042] |[0043] wherein t is time, Z is depth, zeu is depth reached by 1% of surface light intensity, namely depth of a true light layer;|[0044] will F O ’/σ PSII 'replace PSIIactive' to establish a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|[0045] (9) The results of comparing the amount of photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton t.pseudonana measured based on the method of the present invention (chlorophyll fluorescence method) and the conventional method are shown in fig. 2.|[0046] In FIG. 2, A) is measured at 30. Mu. Mol of photons m by the method of the invention (horizontal axis, fluorescence method) and by the conventional method (vertical axis) -2 s -1 Light intensity, different temperatures (18, 21 and 24 ℃) and nitrogen nutrient salt concentration (500, 50 and 5. Mu. Mol L) -1 ) Relationship of carbon sequestration of lower grown t.pseudonana; b) Different nitrogen nutrient salts (500 and 50. Mu. Mol L) were measured by fluorescence (horizontal axis) and conventional (vertical axis) at 18 ℃ -1 ) And illumination (30, 150 and 300. Mu. Mol photons m -2 s -1 ) Relationship of carbon sequestration of t.pseudoonana grown below. The slopes of the linear regression are 1.140 and 1.096, respectively, close to 1, indicating that the carbon fixation measured using the method of the present invention is close to that measured using conventional methods, thus proving that the method is viable.|[0047] Example 2|[0048] A method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, comprising the following steps:|[0049] (1) The indoor illumination incubator adopts f/2 culture medium to perform semi-continuous culture (light-dark period 12h:12 h) on single phytoplankton Synechococcus sp so as to obtain algae liquid; the illumination gradient was set to 30 (near the light compensation point), 75 (optimal growth light intensity) and 120. Mu. Mol photons m -2 s -1 (light inhibition was generated) the nitrogen nutrient salt concentration was set at 500, 50 and 5. Mu. Mol L -1 And the temperatures were set at 18, 21 and 24 ℃ to obtain algal liquid samples suitable for different environments.|[0050] (2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae solution by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology: determination of fundamental fluorescence signal F of algae liquid under light adaptation using FRRf rapid repeat fluorescence technique O ' effective absorption cross section sigma of PSII in light-adapted state PSII ' calculating F O ’/σ PSII ' value, F O ’/σ PSII ' represents the PSIIactive content per unit volume, i.e. PSIIactive=F O ’/σ PSII ’;|[0051] (3) Using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology: adding certain amount of radiation into the algae liquid 14 C marker temperature controlled cultivation [ control temperature approach growth temperature with circulating water temperature control system (MaXircu CR-12,DAIHAN Scientific,Korea)]Collecting phytoplankton with Whatman GF/F filter membrane after culturing, acidifying, oven drying to remove unassimilated plant 14 C, adding 5mL of scintillation liquid, and measuring the assimilated organic substances by a liquid scintillation counter (Tri-Carb 4810, TR, perkinEmer, USA) 14 Emission amount of C (CPM), photosynthetic carbon fixation amount (C, mu g C/L) = [ (CPM) (l) -CPM (d) )/C e ] x I f XDIC/A, wherein CPM (l) For counting of light-treated samples per minute, CPM (d) Count per minute for dark treated samples, C e For counting efficiency, I f DIC is the total soluble inorganic carbon and A is the added 14 The number of μCi of C times 2.2X10 6 ;|[0052] (4) And determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by adopting a photosynthetic oxygen discharge method: centrifuging (4000 g,10 min) 50mL of the algae solution under the different environmental conditions to 5mL, placing 2.5mL of the concentrated algae solution into a 1cm x 1cm cuvette with oxygen electrode (Pyroscience, germany) and temperature control device, and placing the cuvette into a fluorescent instrument (L3500, photon Systems Instruments, czech Republic) measuring device with LED light source to provide 90000 μmol of photons m -2 s -1 Flash light at 2 mus intervals. Before starting the fluorescent light source to measure photosynthetic oxygen evolution, the concentrated sample is placed in darkness for adaptation for 3-5min until the temperature in the sample chamber reaches constant, and weak light (50. Mu. Mol photons m) is turned on -2 s -1 ) Ensuring that electrons can be smoothly transferred between PSII and PSI when the flash is turned on. The required saturation light intensity of a single phytoplankton Synechococcus sp under different growth environments is determined through pre-experiments. Determination of O in algae liquid using 3000 flashes, time-consuming 150s 2 Concentration variation (net photosynthetic oxygen release rate), light source is turned off immediately, respiration oxygen consumption rate of cells under dark condition is measured, and O under illumination and dark condition is measured by oxygen electrode 2 Dividing the sum of the concentration changes by the measurement time to obtain the total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of the algae liquid. After the measurement is finished, the phytoplankton cells are collected by centrifugation, and the sample is quantitatively concentratedMiddle Chl a content: firstly, measuring standard Chl a fluorescence values of serial concentrations by using a fluorometer, and drawing a standard curve; then filtering a certain volume of the algae solution or concentrate on Whatman GF/F filter membrane (diameter 25 mm), adding MgCO 3 And (3) carrying out ultrasonic crushing on saturated 90% acetone (10 min), extracting in a dark place at 20 ℃ for 24h, centrifuging after the extraction is finished, taking supernatant, measuring the fluorescence value of the algae cell extract by using a Turner fluorometer, and calculating according to a standard curve to obtain the concentration of the algae liquid Chl a.|[0053] Estimating the quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chla based on the above measurement:|[0054] PSIIactive/Chl a=A(mol O 2 L -1 s -1 ) x B(5 x 10 -2 s flash cycle -1 ) x C(4mol e - mol O 2-1 ) x D(1|[0055] flash cycle mol PSII mol e --1 ) x E(1mol Chl a L -1 ) -1 wherein A is total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of algae liquid, B is time consumption of each flashing, and C is time consumption of each production of 1O 2 The molecule consumes 4 electrons, D is that 1 molecule PSII only receives 1 electron in one flashing period, E is the concentration of Chl a in the algae liquid;|[0056] (5) Calculating the carbon sequestration rate (AsN, assimilation coefficient) according to the photosynthetic carbon sequestration amount C measured in the step (3) and the concentration of Chl a measured in the step (4), namely the carbon sequestration amount (mu g C mu g Chl a) per unit chlorophyll a per unit time -1 h -1 );|[0057] (6) Based on 14 The carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton under different light intensities measured by a C isotope tracing technology is used for establishing a relation model of the carbon fixation rate and the light intensity change: asn=e/(aE) 2 +bE+c), where a, b, c are correction coefficients and E is the intensity of light;|[0058] (7) Substituting PSIIactive/Chl a into AsN=E/(aE) based on quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chl a measured in the step (4) 2 +be+c), establishing a relation model AsN' =E/(aE) between the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate change and the light intensity change based on PSIIactive 2 +bE+c), i.e. [ PSIIactive ]] x R=E/(aE 2 +bE+c), R is a fixed coefficient;|[0059] (8) Taking PSIIactive as a bridge, and establishing the following method for measuring the carbon sequestration amount of the marine water based on a fluorescence technology:|[0060] |[0061] wherein t is time, Z is depth, zeu is depth reached by 1% of surface light intensity, namely depth of a true light layer;|[0062] will F O ’/σ PSII 'replace PSIIactive' to establish a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|[0063] (9) The results of comparison of the amounts of photosynthetic carbon fixation by measuring phytoplankton Synechococcus sp based on the method of the present invention (chlorophyll fluorescence method) and the conventional method are shown in fig. 3.|[0064] In FIG. 3A) the measurement of the molecular weight of the particles at 30. Mu. Mol photons m was carried out by the method of the invention (horizontal axis, fluorescence method) and by the conventional method (vertical axis) -2 s -1 Light intensity, different temperatures (18, 21 and 24 ℃) and nitrogen nutrient salt concentration (500, 50 and 5. Mu. Mol L) -1 ) Relationship of carbon fixation amount of the under-grown Synechococcus sp; b) Different nitrogen nutrient salts (500 and 50. Mu. Mol L) were measured by fluorescence (horizontal axis) and conventional (vertical axis) at 24 ℃ -1 ) And illumination (30, 75 and 120. Mu. Mol photons m -2 s -1 ) Relationship of carbon fixation amount of the under-grown Synechococcus sp. The slopes of the linear regression in the graph were 0.897 and 1.072, respectively, close to 1, indicating that the carbon fixation measured by the method of the present invention was close to that measured by the conventional method, thus proving that the method is feasible.|[0065] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention. | (CN117092082)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean primary productivity measurement, and particularly relates to a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean is the largest "carbon sink" on earth, which is the largest source of CO to the atmosphere 2 Can alleviate the current CO 2 A series of environmental problems caused by the rise. The ocean phytoplankton utilizes light energy to drive photosynthesis to fix CO 2 Synthesizing organic matters, the carbon fixing process can accelerate the atmospheric CO 2 Dissolving in seawater to drive ocean to absorb atmospheric CO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The phytoplankton releases organic carbon to the water body in the predator predation or death process, and the organic carbon secreted by the phytoplankton incubates the growth and propagation of marine bacteria and viruses (carbon fixing process), so that the marine carbon absorption is further increased. Therefore, phytoplankton carbon sequestration provides power for ocean to perform a carbon sink function, and how to accurately quantify the biological carbon sequestration is a key for estimating the ocean carbon sequestration and carbon storage capacity.|[0003] At present, the most commonly used and most sensitive method for measuring the carbon fixation, namely the primary productivity, of marine phytoplankton is the radioactive carbon isotope @, the method is that 14 C) The tracing method, however, is greatly limited in use due to high cost, environmental pollution, injury to human body, etc. The photosynthetic oxygen discharge method is used for measuring the primary productivity, and the limitation of detection limit requires higher phytoplankton concentration, while the concentration of phytoplankton in the ocean, particularly in the ocean area, is extremely low, so that the method is extremely limited in measuring the primary productivity in situ.|[0004] The intensity of the phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence signal can represent the concentration (Chl a) of phytoplankton in the water body, and has the advantages of extremely high sensitivity, simple operation, economy and rapidness. However, the level of Chl a content in the in-situ water body cannot be well matched with the level of carbon fixation of the water body under the influence of environmental factors such as illumination and the like, namely, the intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence signals (the level of Chl a content) cannot accurately reflect the level of primary productivity. In addition, the variation of Chl a content in phytoplankton unit cells is large, and the difference of carbon fixation rate based on Chl a is also large.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for estimating ocean carbon fixation based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, which has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, economy and rapidness, and solves the problems of high ocean phytoplankton carbon fixation determination cost, environmental pollution, human body harm and the like.|[0006] In order to achieve the purposes of simple and convenient operation, economy and quick estimation of the primary productivity of the ocean, the invention provides the following technical scheme:|[0007] a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, comprising the following steps:|[0008] (1) Culturing single phytoplankton to obtain an algae culture solution;|[0009] (2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology; using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology;|[0010] (3) And combining PSIIactive content with photosynthetic carbon fixation amount, establishing a relation model based on PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon fixation rate and light intensity change, and establishing a method for estimating ocean carbon fixation based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology by taking PSIIactive as a bridge.|[0011] In step (1), the single phytoplankton comprises a single phytoplankton isolated and cultured in situ in a population of phytoplankton or a single phytoplankton purchased from a pool of algal species.|[0012] The establishment of the method according to the invention is based on the study of the following individual phytoplankton species including Thalassiosira pseudonana, t.pubtigera, synechococcus sp, procholococcus marinas and Ostreococcus tauri.|[0013] In the step (2), the FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology is used for measuring PSIIactive content of the algae liquid, and specifically comprises the following steps: determination of fundamental fluorescence signal F of algae liquid under light adaptation using FRR rapid repeat fluorescence technique O ' effective absorption cross section sigma of PSII in light adapted state PSII ' calculating F O ’/σ PSII ' value, F O ’/σ PSII ' represents the PSIIactive content per unit volume, i.e. PSIIactive=a x F O ’/σ PSII ' a is a correction coefficient.|[0014] In step (2), the isotope is used 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of: adding into algae liquid 14 Culturing the C markerCollecting phytoplankton with Whatman GF/F filter membrane after finishing, acidifying, oven drying, and removing unassimilated plants 14 C, adding scintillation liquid, and measuring the assimilated organic matters by a liquid scintillation counter 14 C radioactivity CPM, photosynthetic carbon fixation C= [ (CPM) (l) -CPM (d) )/C e ] x I f XDIC/A, wherein CPM (l) For counting of light-treated samples per minute, CPM (d) Count per minute for dark treated samples, C e For counting efficiency, I f DIC is the total soluble inorganic carbon and A is the added 14 The number of μCi of C times 2.2X10 6 。|[0015] The specific steps of the step (3) are as follows:|[0016] s1, measuring PSIIactive content of algae liquid by adopting a photosynthetic oxygen evolution method, measuring chlorophyll a content of the algae liquid by adopting a fluorescence method, namely Chla content, and calculating a quantitative relation between the PSIIactive content and the Chla content, namely PSIIactive/Chla=A (mol O) 2 L -1 s -1 ) x B(5 x 10 -2 s flash cycle -1 ) x C(4mol e - mol O 2-1 ) x D(1flash cycle mol PSII mol e --1 ) x E(1mol Chl a L -1 ) -1 Wherein A is total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of algae liquid, B is time consumption of each flashing, and C is time consumption of each production of 1O 2 The molecule consumes 4 electrons, D is that 1 molecule PSII only receives 1 electron in one flashing period, E is the concentration of Chl a in the algae liquid;|[0017] s2, calculating the carbon sequestration amount in unit chlorophyll a unit time according to the photosynthetic carbon sequestration amount C measured in the step 2 and the Chl a content measured in the step 1, and obtaining a carbon sequestration rate AsN=C/(Chl a multiplied by time);|[0018] s3, based on 14 The carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton under different light intensities measured by a C isotope tracing technology is used for establishing a relation model of the carbon fixation rate and the light intensity change: asn=e/(aE) 2 +bE+c), where a, b, c are correction coefficients and E is the intensity of light;|[0019] s4, substituting PSIIactive/Chl a into AsN=E/(aE) based on quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chl a content measured in the step S1 2 +bE+c), establishing PSIIactive-based photosynthetic carbon fixation rate changeRelation model AsN' =e/(aE) of light intensity variation 2 +bE+c), i.e. [ PSIIactive ]] x R=E/(aE 2 +bE+c), R is a fixed coefficient;|[0020] s5, taking PSIIactive as a bridge, and establishing the following method for measuring the carbon sequestration amount of the water body based on a fluorescence technology:|[0021] |[0022] wherein t is time, Z is depth, zeu is depth reached by 1% of surface light intensity, namely depth of a true light layer;|[0023] will F O ’/σ PSII 'replace PSIIactive' to establish a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|[0024] The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for estimating ocean primary productivity (carbon fixation) based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, which has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, economy and rapidness, and solves the problems of high ocean phytoplankton carbon fixation determination cost, environmental pollution, human body harm and the like.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0025] FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap for a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration (primary productivity) based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology. As shown in the figure: 1. in-situ phytoplankton population, 2, isolated culture, 3, single phytoplankton, 4, algae seed library purchase, 5, fluorescence technology, 6, 14 C isotope tracing technology, 7, PSIIactive content, 8, photosynthetic carbon fixation amount, 9, and 10, taking PSIIactive as a bridge based on the relation between PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon fixation rate and light intensity change, and establishing a new method for estimating ocean primary productivity based on chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|[0026] FIG. 2 is a comparison of the determination of the photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of phytoplankton T.pseudoonana based on the method of the present invention (chlorophyll fluorescence method) and the conventional method.|[0027] FIG. 3 is a comparison of the amounts of photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton Synechococcus sp measured based on the method of the present invention (chlorophyll fluorescence method) and a conventional method.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] The following examples are further illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.|[0029] Example 1|[0030] A method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, comprising the following steps:|[0031] (1) The indoor illumination incubator adopts f/2 culture medium to perform semi-continuous culture (light-dark period 12h:12 h) on single phytoplankton Thalassiosira pseudonana to obtain algae liquid; the illumination gradient was set to 30 (near the light compensation point), 150 (optimal growth light intensity) and 300. Mu. Mol photons m -2 s -1 (light inhibition was generated) the nitrogen nutrient salt concentration was set at 500, 50 and 5. Mu. Mol L -1 And the temperatures were set at 18, 21 and 24 ℃ to obtain algal liquid samples suitable for different environments.|[0032] (2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae solution by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology: determination of fundamental fluorescence signal F of algae liquid under light adaptation using FRR rapid repeat fluorescence technique O ' effective absorption cross section sigma of PSII in light-adapted state PSII ' calculating F O ’/σ PSII ' value, F O ’/σ PSII ' represents the PSIIactive content per unit volume, i.e. PSIIactive=a x F O ’/σ PSII ' a is a correction coefficient;|[0033] (3) Using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology: adding certain amount of radiation into the algae liquid 14 C marker temperature controlled cultivation [ control temperature to cultivation temperature with circulating water temperature control system (MaXircu CR-12,DAIHAN Scientific,Korea)]Collecting phytoplankton with Whatman GF/F filter membrane after culturing, acidifying, oven drying to remove unassimilated plant 14 C, adding 5mL of scintillation liquid, and measuring the assimilated organic substances by a liquid scintillation counter (Tri-Carb 4810, TR, perkinEmer, USA) 14 Emission amount of C (CPM), photosynthetic carbon fixation amount (C, mu g C/L) = [ (CPM) (l) -CPM (d) )/C e ] x I f XDIC/A, wherein CPM (l) For counting of light-treated samples per minute, CPM (d) Count per minute for dark treated samples, C e For counting efficiency,I f DIC is the total soluble inorganic carbon and A is the added 14 The number of μCi of C times 2.2X10 6 ;|[0034] (4) And determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by adopting a photosynthetic oxygen discharge method: centrifuging (4000 g,10 min) 50mL of the algae solution under the different environmental conditions to 5mL, placing 2.5mL of the concentrated algae solution into a 1cm x 1cm cuvette with oxygen electrode (Pyroscience, germany) and temperature control device, and placing the cuvette into a fluorescent instrument (L3500, photon Systems Instruments, czech Republic) measuring device with LED light source to provide 90000 μmol of photons m -2 s -1 Flash light at 2 mus intervals. Before starting the fluorescent light source to measure photosynthetic oxygen evolution, the concentrated sample is placed in darkness for adaptation for 3-5min until the temperature in the sample chamber reaches constant, and weak light (50. Mu. Mol photons m) is turned on -2 s -1 ) Ensuring that electrons can be smoothly transferred between PSII and PSI when the flash is turned on. The required saturation light intensity of single phytoplankton Thalassiosira pseudonana under different growth environments is determined through a pre-experiment. Determination of O in algae liquid using 3000 flashes, time-consuming 150s 2 Concentration variation (net photosynthetic oxygen release rate), light source is turned off immediately, respiration oxygen consumption rate of cells under dark condition is measured, and O under illumination and dark condition is measured by oxygen electrode 2 Dividing the sum of the concentration changes by the measurement time to obtain the total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of the algae liquid. After the measurement is finished, the phytoplankton cells are collected by centrifugation, and the content of Chl a in the concentrated sample is quantified: firstly, measuring standard Chl a fluorescence values of serial concentrations by using a fluorometer, and drawing a standard curve; then filtering a certain volume of the algae solution or concentrate on Whatman GF/F filter membrane (diameter 25 mm), adding MgCO 3 And (3) carrying out ultrasonic crushing on saturated 90% acetone (10 min), extracting in a dark place at 20 ℃ for 24h, centrifuging after the extraction is finished, taking supernatant, measuring the fluorescence value of the algae cell extract by using a Turner fluorometer, and calculating according to a standard curve to obtain the concentration of the algae liquid Chl a.|[0035] Estimating the quantitative relationship between PSIIactive content and Chla based on the determined total photosynthetic oxygen production rate and Chla concentration:|[0036] PSIIactive/Chl a=A(mol O 2 L -1 s -1 ) x B(5 x 10 -2 s flash cycle -1 ) x C(4mol e - mol O 2-1 ) x D(1|[0037] flash cycle mol PSII mol e --1 ) x E(1mol Chl a L -1 ) -1 wherein A is total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of algae liquid, B is time consumption of each flashing, and C is time consumption of each production of 1O 2 The molecule consumes 4 electrons, D is that 1 molecule PSII only receives 1 electron in one flashing period, E is the concentration of Chl a in the algae liquid;|[0038] (5) Calculating photosynthetic carbon fixation rate (AsN, assimilation coefficient) according to the photosynthetic carbon fixation amount C measured in the step (3) and the concentration of Chl a measured in the step (4), namely, the carbon fixation amount (mu g C mu g Chl a) per unit chlorophyll a per unit time -1 h -1 );|[0039] (6) Based on 14 The carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton under different light intensities measured by a C isotope tracing technology is used for establishing a relation model of the carbon fixation rate and the light intensity change: asn=e/(aE) 2 +bE+c), where a, b, c are correction coefficients and E is the intensity of light;|[0040] (7) Substituting PSIIactive/Chl a into AsN=E/(aE) based on quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chl a measured in the step (4) 2 +be+c), establishing a relation model AsN' =E/(aE) between the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate change and the light intensity change based on PSIIactive 2 +bE+c), i.e. [ PSIIactive ]] x R=E/(aE 2 +bE+c), R is a fixed coefficient;|[0041] (8) Taking PSIIactive as a bridge, and establishing the following method for measuring the carbon sequestration amount of the marine water based on a fluorescence technology:|[0042] |[0043] wherein t is time, Z is depth, zeu is depth reached by 1% of surface light intensity, namely depth of a true light layer;|[0044] will F O ’/σ PSII 'replace PSIIactive' to establish a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|[0045] (9) The results of comparing the amount of photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton t.pseudonana measured based on the method of the present invention (chlorophyll fluorescence method) and the conventional method are shown in fig. 2.|[0046] In FIG. 2, A) is measured at 30. Mu. Mol of photons m by the method of the invention (horizontal axis, fluorescence method) and by the conventional method (vertical axis) -2 s -1 Light intensity, different temperatures (18, 21 and 24 ℃) and nitrogen nutrient salt concentration (500, 50 and 5. Mu. Mol L) -1 ) Relationship of carbon sequestration of lower grown t.pseudonana; b) Different nitrogen nutrient salts (500 and 50. Mu. Mol L) were measured by fluorescence (horizontal axis) and conventional (vertical axis) at 18 ℃ -1 ) And illumination (30, 150 and 300. Mu. Mol photons m -2 s -1 ) Relationship of carbon sequestration of t.pseudoonana grown below. The slopes of the linear regression are 1.140 and 1.096, respectively, close to 1, indicating that the carbon fixation measured using the method of the present invention is close to that measured using conventional methods, thus proving that the method is viable.|[0047] Example 2|[0048] A method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology, comprising the following steps:|[0049] (1) The indoor illumination incubator adopts f/2 culture medium to perform semi-continuous culture (light-dark period 12h:12 h) on single phytoplankton Synechococcus sp so as to obtain algae liquid; the illumination gradient was set to 30 (near the light compensation point), 75 (optimal growth light intensity) and 120. Mu. Mol photons m -2 s -1 (light inhibition was generated) the nitrogen nutrient salt concentration was set at 500, 50 and 5. Mu. Mol L -1 And the temperatures were set at 18, 21 and 24 ℃ to obtain algal liquid samples suitable for different environments.|[0050] (2) Determining PSIIactive content of the algae solution by using FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology: determination of fundamental fluorescence signal F of algae liquid under light adaptation using FRRf rapid repeat fluorescence technique O ' effective absorption cross section sigma of PSII in light-adapted state PSII ' calculating F O ’/σ PSII ' value, F O ’/σ PSII ' represents the PSIIactive content per unit volume, i.e. PSIIactive=F O ’/σ PSII ’;|[0051] (3) Using isotopes 14 C, determining photosynthetic carbon fixation amount of the algae liquid by a tracing technology: adding certain amount of radiation into the algae liquid 14 C marker temperature controlled cultivation [ control temperature approach growth temperature with circulating water temperature control system (MaXircu CR-12,DAIHAN Scientific,Korea)]Collecting phytoplankton with Whatman GF/F filter membrane after culturing, acidifying, oven drying to remove unassimilated plant 14 C, adding 5mL of scintillation liquid, and measuring the assimilated organic substances by a liquid scintillation counter (Tri-Carb 4810, TR, perkinEmer, USA) 14 Emission amount of C (CPM), photosynthetic carbon fixation amount (C, mu g C/L) = [ (CPM) (l) -CPM (d) )/C e ] x I f XDIC/A, wherein CPM (l) For counting of light-treated samples per minute, CPM (d) Count per minute for dark treated samples, C e For counting efficiency, I f DIC is the total soluble inorganic carbon and A is the added 14 The number of μCi of C times 2.2X10 6 ;|[0052] (4) And determining PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by adopting a photosynthetic oxygen discharge method: centrifuging (4000 g,10 min) 50mL of the algae solution under the different environmental conditions to 5mL, placing 2.5mL of the concentrated algae solution into a 1cm x 1cm cuvette with oxygen electrode (Pyroscience, germany) and temperature control device, and placing the cuvette into a fluorescent instrument (L3500, photon Systems Instruments, czech Republic) measuring device with LED light source to provide 90000 μmol of photons m -2 s -1 Flash light at 2 mus intervals. Before starting the fluorescent light source to measure photosynthetic oxygen evolution, the concentrated sample is placed in darkness for adaptation for 3-5min until the temperature in the sample chamber reaches constant, and weak light (50. Mu. Mol photons m) is turned on -2 s -1 ) Ensuring that electrons can be smoothly transferred between PSII and PSI when the flash is turned on. The required saturation light intensity of a single phytoplankton Synechococcus sp under different growth environments is determined through pre-experiments. Determination of O in algae liquid using 3000 flashes, time-consuming 150s 2 Concentration variation (net photosynthetic oxygen release rate), light source is turned off immediately, respiration oxygen consumption rate of cells under dark condition is measured, and O under illumination and dark condition is measured by oxygen electrode 2 Dividing the sum of the concentration changes by the measurement time to obtain the total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of the algae liquid. After the measurement is finished, the phytoplankton cells are collected by centrifugation, and the sample is quantitatively concentratedMiddle Chl a content: firstly, measuring standard Chl a fluorescence values of serial concentrations by using a fluorometer, and drawing a standard curve; then filtering a certain volume of the algae solution or concentrate on Whatman GF/F filter membrane (diameter 25 mm), adding MgCO 3 And (3) carrying out ultrasonic crushing on saturated 90% acetone (10 min), extracting in a dark place at 20 ℃ for 24h, centrifuging after the extraction is finished, taking supernatant, measuring the fluorescence value of the algae cell extract by using a Turner fluorometer, and calculating according to a standard curve to obtain the concentration of the algae liquid Chl a.|[0053] Estimating the quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chla based on the above measurement:|[0054] PSIIactive/Chl a=A(mol O 2 L -1 s -1 ) x B(5 x 10 -2 s flash cycle -1 ) x C(4mol e - mol O 2-1 ) x D(1|[0055] flash cycle mol PSII mol e --1 ) x E(1mol Chl a L -1 ) -1 wherein A is total photosynthetic oxygen production rate of algae liquid, B is time consumption of each flashing, and C is time consumption of each production of 1O 2 The molecule consumes 4 electrons, D is that 1 molecule PSII only receives 1 electron in one flashing period, E is the concentration of Chl a in the algae liquid;|[0056] (5) Calculating the carbon sequestration rate (AsN, assimilation coefficient) according to the photosynthetic carbon sequestration amount C measured in the step (3) and the concentration of Chl a measured in the step (4), namely the carbon sequestration amount (mu g C mu g Chl a) per unit chlorophyll a per unit time -1 h -1 );|[0057] (6) Based on 14 The carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton under different light intensities measured by a C isotope tracing technology is used for establishing a relation model of the carbon fixation rate and the light intensity change: asn=e/(aE) 2 +bE+c), where a, b, c are correction coefficients and E is the intensity of light;|[0058] (7) Substituting PSIIactive/Chl a into AsN=E/(aE) based on quantitative relation between PSIIactive content and Chl a measured in the step (4) 2 +be+c), establishing a relation model AsN' =E/(aE) between the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate change and the light intensity change based on PSIIactive 2 +bE+c), i.e. [ PSIIactive ]] x R=E/(aE 2 +bE+c), R is a fixed coefficient;|[0059] (8) Taking PSIIactive as a bridge, and establishing the following method for measuring the carbon sequestration amount of the marine water based on a fluorescence technology:|[0060] |[0061] wherein t is time, Z is depth, zeu is depth reached by 1% of surface light intensity, namely depth of a true light layer;|[0062] will F O ’/σ PSII 'replace PSIIactive' to establish a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living chlorophyll fluorescence technology.|[0063] (9) The results of comparison of the amounts of photosynthetic carbon fixation by measuring phytoplankton Synechococcus sp based on the method of the present invention (chlorophyll fluorescence method) and the conventional method are shown in fig. 3.|[0064] In FIG. 3A) the measurement of the molecular weight of the particles at 30. Mu. Mol photons m was carried out by the method of the invention (horizontal axis, fluorescence method) and by the conventional method (vertical axis) -2 s -1 Light intensity, different temperatures (18, 21 and 24 ℃) and nitrogen nutrient salt concentration (500, 50 and 5. Mu. Mol L) -1 ) Relationship of carbon fixation amount of the under-grown Synechococcus sp; b) Different nitrogen nutrient salts (500 and 50. Mu. Mol L) were measured by fluorescence (horizontal axis) and conventional (vertical axis) at 24 ℃ -1 ) And illumination (30, 75 and 120. Mu. Mol photons m -2 s -1 ) Relationship of carbon fixation amount of the under-grown Synechococcus sp. The slopes of the linear regression in the graph were 0.897 and 1.072, respectively, close to 1, indicating that the carbon fixation measured by the method of the present invention was close to that measured by the conventional method, thus proving that the method is feasible.|[0065] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention. | Family Number|(107333455)|107333455|Abstract|(CN117092082 A)|The invention relates to a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on a phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology . The method comprises the following steps : 1 ) culturing a single phytoplankton to obtain an algae culture solution ; 2 ) determining the PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by using an FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology ; measuring the photosynthetic fixed carbon content of the algae liquid by using an isotope 14 C tracer technology ; and 3 ) combining the PSIIactive content with the photosynthetic carbon sequestration amount , establishing a model based on the relationship between the PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon sequestration rate and the light intensity change , and establishing a method for estimating the ocean carbon sequestration based on the phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology by taking the PSIIactive as a bridge . The method has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation , economy and rapidness , and solves the problems of high cost , environmental pollution , harm to human bodies and the like in carbon sequestration determination of marine phytoplankton . |Title|(CN117092082 A)|Method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology | | Measurement | G01N-021/64|G01N-021/64/86|G01N-2021/635 | G01N-021/64|G01N-021/64/86|G01N-2021/635 | G01N-021/64 | G01N-021/64 | CN109490270|CN106442435|CN105760683|CN104215616 | CN109490270 83755693 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN106442435 75482597 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN105760683 73583215 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN104215616 68161799 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | 陈双 等: "基于光合电子传递速率的浮游植物初级生产力测量", 光学学报, vol. 38, no. 11, 12 June 2018 (2018-06-12), pages 1 - 8 (Cat. A) | CN104215616; CN105760683; CN106442435; CN109490270 | PENDING | (CN117092082)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN117092082)|ALIVE | (CN117092082)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN117092082|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-08-23|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2023-08-23|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202311067304|Application date=2023-08-23|Standardized application number=2023CN-1067304|Event publication date=2023-11-21|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN117092082|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-11-21|Standardized publication number=CN117092082|Event publication date=2023-11-21|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-12-08|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN117092082)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoRocJMCbtL8OFfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000070358145&ekey=2037&xpn=CN117092082&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=NPPTkAVzTlyY1tvdagwDu5NXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN117092082)|CN | (CN117092082)|NAME=SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN | (CN117092082)|NAME=CHEN JIEDI;GUANGZHOU KEYUE I.P. LAW OFFICE , REG=44001NAME=LIU MINGXING;GUANGZHOU KEYUE I.P. LAW OFFICE , REG=44001 | (CN117092082)|NAME=LI GANG|NAME=WANG ZHIQIN|NAME=WAN MINGYUE|NAME=TAN YEHUI | Titre: (CN117092082)|Method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology Résumé: (CN117092082)|The invention relates to a method for estimating ocean carbon sequestration based on a phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology. The method comprises the following steps: 1) culturing a single phytoplankton to obtain an algae culture solution; 2) determining the PSIIactive content of the algae liquid by using an FRR chlorophyll fluorescence induction technology; measuring the photosynthetic fixed carbon content of the algae liquid by using an isotope 14C tracer technology; and 3) combining the PSIIactive content with the photosynthetic carbon sequestration amount, establishing a model based on the relationship between the PSIIactive photosynthetic carbon sequestration rate and the light intensity change, and establishing a method for estimating the ocean carbon sequestration based on the phytoplankton living body chlorophyll fluorescence technology by taking the PSIIactive as a bridge. The method has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, economy and rapidness, and solves the problems of high cost, environmental pollution, harm to human bodies and the like in carbon sequestration determination of marine phytoplankton. | 28.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses estimating ocean carbon sequestration related to phytoplankton but does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment, making the connection to the central topic ambiguous. | 4.0 | 0.0 | (CN117092082)|1 | (CN117092082)|5 | (CN117092082)|6 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN117092082)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN117092082)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-11-21|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-4701|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11| | (CN117092082)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN117092082)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 38 | CN202511674728 | CN202511674728 | CN121401927 | 117583766 | CN121401927 A 2026-01-27 [CN121401927] | 2025-11-14 | 2025-11-14 | 2026-01-27 | (CN121401927)|2045-11-14 | (CN121401927)|Hydrate-method seabed carbon sequestration method and system based on carbon dioxide emulsion | (CN121401927)|The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide sequestration, and particularly relates to a hydrate method seabed carbon sequestration method and system based on carbon dioxide emulsion. The hydrate method seabed carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion comprises the following steps: compressing CO2, and cooling to obtain liquid CO2; after seawater is filtered, desalted and subjected to pH adjustment, the seawater is mixed with the liquid CO2 and the emulsifier according to the proportion, and CO2 emulsion is obtained; and pumping the CO2 emulsion into a seabed target sealing target area. By means of the hydrate method CO2 seabed storage technology based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the CO2 injection efficiency, the hydrate conversion rate and the storage stability are comprehensively improved, meanwhile, environment friendliness and long-term safety are considered, and reliable technical support is provided for large-scale application of the ocean carbon storage technology. | CHINA OILFIELD SERVICES|CNOOC CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL | (CN121401927)|CNOOC - CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION ([CN])|CHINA OILFIELD SERVICES LIMITED(CNOOC) | REN LIANGLIANG|GENG TIE|XU BOTAO|LI HUAIKE|GUO LEI | (CN121401927)|REN LIANGLIANG|GENG TIE|XU BOTAO|LI HUAIKE|GUO LEI | (CN121401927)|GAO WEIJING;HYLANDS LAW FIRM|Reg. Nb: 11276 | (CN121401927)|However, although the hydrate method CO _2 submarine sequestration technology has remarkable advantages, the technology still faces the following technical bottlenecks in practical application (1) the injection efficiency of CO _2 is low, and the existing CO _2 injection mode has the problems of low injection efficiency and poor permeability.|In view of the above technical bottlenecks, there is a need to develop a high-efficiency, stable and scalable CO _2 subsea sequestration technology.|The CO _2 hydrate has the advantages of high gas storage capacity (the 1m 3 hydrate can be stored for about 170 m 3CO_2), good stability (the hydrate can exist in a deep sea environment for a long time), high safety (the CO _2 is stored in a solid state form, and the leakage risk is low), and the like.|The CO _2 emulsion disperses the liquid CO _2 into micron-sized liquid drops, so that the contact area of CO _2 and water is greatly increased, the mass transfer process is enhanced, and the limitation of a CO _2 hydrate film on the mass transfer in the traditional CO _2 injection mode is overcome.|The deep salty water layer sealing and storing technology is relatively mature, but has strict requirements on geological structures, and a sealed geological ring layer is needed to realize long-acting sealing and storing, so that wide ocean area is difficult to fully utilize.|The migration behavior of CO _2 in subsea sediment is affected by pore structure, wettability and interfacial tension, making it difficult to fully utilize sediment pore space. How to improve the injection efficiency of CO _2 and optimize the permeability and migration behavior of CO _2 in sediment pores is a key for realizing efficient sealing. (2) The hydrate conversion rate is low, and a complex multi-factor coupling environment on the sea floor, such as a high salinity environment (the salinity is about 3.5 wt percent), can obviously inhibit the generation kinetics of the CO _2 hydrate, so that the CO _2 hydrate conversion rate is low.| | (CN121401927)|1. A method for sealing off subsea carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s110, compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; S120, filtering, desalting and regulating the pH of seawater, and mixing the seawater with the liquid CO 2 and the emulsifier according to a ratio to obtain CO 2 emulsion; S130, pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a seabed target sequestration target area. |9. A hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration system based on carbon dioxide emulsion, comprising: The CO 2 pretreatment system comprises a compression unit, a cooling unit and a liquid CO 2 storage unit which are connected in sequence through pipelines, and is used for compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; The CO 2 emulsion preparation system comprises a seawater treatment unit, an emulsifier storage unit, a premixing unit and a high-pressure mixing unit, wherein an inlet of the premixing unit is connected with outlets of the liquid CO 2 storage unit, the seawater treatment unit and the emulsifier storage unit, and an outlet of the premixing unit is connected with an inlet of the high-pressure mixing unit and is used for mixing pretreated seawater, liquid CO 2 and an emulsifier to obtain CO 2 emulsion; The CO 2 emulsion storage and injection system comprises a CO 2 emulsion storage unit, a high-pressure injection pump and an injection well which are connected in sequence through pipelines, wherein an inlet of the CO 2 emulsion storage unit is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure mixing unit, and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit is used for pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a submarine target sealing target area. | | (CN121401927)|The invention discloses a method for sealing and storing submarine carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, which comprises the steps of compressing and cooling CO 22 to obtain liquid CO 22, filtering seawater, desalting, adjusting pH, mixing with the liquid CO 22 and an emulsifying agent according to a proportion to obtain CO 22 emulsion, and pumping the CO 22 emulsion into a submarine target sealing and storing target area.|The invention provides a hydrate method subsea carbon sealing system based on carbon dioxide emulsion, comprising:|The invention provides a method and a system for sealing submarine carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, which are used for solving the technical problems of difficult injection of liquid CO _2, slow generation kinetics of CO _2 hydrate and the like.| | (CN121401927)|HYDRATE(100,43)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMULSION(100,30)|SEALING(100,9)|SUBMARINE TARGET SEALING(100,7)|SUBMARINE CARBON(100,4)|SUBMARINE SEQUESTRATION(90,1)|SEABED TARGET SEQUESTRATION(82,3)|MIGRATION BEHAVIOR(78,2)|FILTERED SEAWATER(73,1)|MIXING PRETREATED SEAWATER(65,3)|SUBSEA SEQUESTRATION(65,3)|EMULSION(60,60)|SEAWATER TREATMENT(55,9)|TECHNICAL BOTTLE NECK(55,1)|SUBSEA SEDIMENT(54,2)|SLOW GENERATION KINETICS(53,1)|SALINITY ENVIRONMENT(52,1)|PREMIXING OUTLET(51,3)|SEALING SUBMARINE CARBON(51,1)|PREMIXING INLET(50,3)|COMPLEX MULTIFACTOR(50,1)|GENERATION KINETICS(50,1)|EXECUTABLE INSTRUCTION(48,6)|EMULSIFIER(47,19)|SEDIMENT PORE(47,2)|PERMEABILITY(46,2)|TARGET SEQUESTRATION TARGET ZONE(46,1)|DESALTING(42,4)|TECHNICAL BOTTLE(40,1)|PH ADJUSTMENT(39,1)|EMULSION ONLINE DETECTION(37,3)|PREMIXING PARAMETER(37,3)|ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLINESS(37,2)|INJECTION MODE(37,2)|PREMIXING(35,8)|PIPELINE(35,5)|SUBSEA CARBON(35,3)|DEEP SEA ENVIRONMENT(35,1)|LEAKAGE RISK(34,2)|SALINITY(34,1)|EMULSION DETECTION(33,10)|HYDRATE METHOD SUBSEA(31,14)|SEALED GEOLOGICAL RING LAYER(31,1)|SEAWATER(30,11)|HYDRATE CONVERSION RATE(29,6)|PRETREATMENT(29,3)|SUCTION BARREL(29,3)|HYDRATE FILM(29,2)|EMULSION HYDRATE METHOD SUBSEA(28,3)|EMULSION STORAGE(28,3)|SODIUM SUCCINATE SULFONATE(28,3)|COMMUNICATION BUS(26,6)|CARBON SEALING(26,2)|WETTABILITY(25,2)|GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE(25,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(24,21)|SODIUM LIGNIN SULFONATE(24,3)|SEAL STABILITY(24,2)|COMMUNICATION INTERFACE(23,7)|MONITORING STRATUM TEMPERATURE(22,3)|INTERFACIAL TENSION(21,2)|EMULSION STORAGE UNIT(20,12)|DIFFICULT INJECTION(20,2)|EMULSIFIER STORAGE UNIT(19,6)|COMMUNICATION CONNECTION(18,9)|DATA STABILITY FLUCTUATION(18,3)|DETECTION DATA ACQUISITION(18,3)|EMULSIFYING AGENT(18,3)|SUBMARINE TARGET SEQUESTRATION(18,2)|SUBSEA TARGET SEQUESTRATION(18,2)|RING LAYER(18,1)|WIDE OCEAN AREA(18,1)|LIQUID DIFFICULT INJECTION(17,2)|STRATUM PRESSURE(17,2)|SEA FLOOR(16,6)|SALTY WATER LAYER SEALING(16,2)|EMULSION INJECTION(15,8)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEALING(15,2)|EMULSIFIER ALKYL GLYCOSIDE(15,2)|PORE STRUCTURE(15,2)|MICRON SIZED LIQUID DROP(15,1)|TARGET AREA(15,1)|STORAGE UNIT(14,24)|SUBSEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION(14,5)|MONITORED DATA(14,2)|GAS STORAGE CAPACITY(14,1)|LONG ACTING SEALING(14,1)|SEABED SEDIMENT PORE(14,1)|INJECTION PUMP(13,8)|EMULSION MICRODROPLET(13,2)|MONITORING FORMATION TEMPERATURE(13,2)|MULTISTAGE COMPRESSOR(13,2)|MASS TRANSFER(13,1)|MONITORING PARTICLE SIZE(12,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMULSION HYDRATE(11,3)|RELIABLE TECHNICAL SUPPORT(11,2)|DRILLING VESSEL PRETREATMENT(11,1)|EARTH RESOURCE SHORTAGE(11,1)|EMULSION STRATIFICATION BEHAVIOR(11,1)|HYDRATE DYNAMICS PROMOTER(11,1)|SEDIMENT SEQUESTRATION TARGET ZONE(11,1)|ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER(10,2)|CONTACT AREA(10,1)|HYDRATE SEABED(10,1)|HYDRATE SEQUESTRATION(10,1)|SEABED SEDIMENT SEALING(10,1)|SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(10,1)|SUBSEA CONTAINMENT(10,1)|TARGET AREA(9,13)|INJECTION CYLINDER(9,5)|HYDRATE GENERATION(9,3)|SUCTION CYLINDER(9,3)|DYNAMIC PROMOTER(9,2)|LIQUID DROP(9,2)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY SURFACTANT(9,1)|GLOBAL INDUSTRIALIZATION(9,1)|NUCLEATION ACCELERATOR(9,1)|OFFSHORE INJECTION PLATFORM(9,1)|REALIZING CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(9,1)|SEEPAGE MIGRATION(9,1)|SUBSEA GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT(9,1)|TRANSPORTATION PIPELINE(9,1)|LONG TERM SAFETY(8,2)|PORE SPACE(7,5)|COOLING UNIT(7,4)|MONITORING PARAMETER(7,2)|SUCTION ANCHOR SURFACE(7,2)|ANALYZING EMULSION STABILITY(7,1)|COMPUTER STORAGE(7,1)|EARTHQUAKE MONITORING ARRAY(7,1)|LASER PARTICLE ANALYZER(7,1)|MINING BARREL(7,1)|PERMANENT SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|PREVENTING SEDIMENT(7,1)|REVERSE OSMOSIS DESALINIZATION(7,1)|RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR(7,1)|SEABED TARGET SEALING(7,1)|SEAWATER CIRCULATION(7,1)|SEQUESTRATION STABILITY(7,1)|THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY(7,1)|VISCOUS FINGERING PHENOMENON(7,1)|MASS TRANSFER(6,2)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(6,1)|EXPLOITATION CYLINDER(6,1)|HYDRATE CURING(6,1)|LASER SCATTERING(6,1)|MASSIVE GENERATION(6,1)|MULTIFIELD COUPLING(6,1)|MULTISTAGE FILTER(6,1)|OCEAN CARBON DEVELOPMENT(6,1)|OCEAN CURRENT DISTURBANCE(6,1)|OFFSHORE DRILLING VESSEL(6,1)|PORE BLOCKING(6,1)|PREMIXING PUMP(6,1)|PRESET PROPORTION(6,1)|SEABED CARBON(6,1)|SEALING SUBSEA CARBON(6,1)|SLOW GENERATION DYNAMICS(6,1)|SUBMARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|SUCTION DRUM(6,1)|VISCOSITY ANALYZER(6,1)|WIDESPREAD ATTENTION(6,1)|COMPUTING DEVICE(5,7)|REACTOR(5,4)|VOLUME RATIO(5,4)|DISSOLUTION(5,2)|TEMPERATURE SUDDEN INCREASE(5,2)|ANALYZING VISCOSITY YIELD STRESS(5,1)|AUTOMATIC PH ADJUSTMENT MODULE(5,1)|DYNAMIC PROPORTIONING VALVE(5,1)|EMULSION DROP(5,1)|FORMATION INSTABILITY(5,1)|HYDRATE SEALING PERIOD(5,1)|INJECTION PARAMETER ADJUSTMENT(5,1)|NONVOLATILE MEMORY(5,1)|SEABED TEMPERATURE LIMITATION(5,1)|SEQUESTRATION PHASE(5,1)|TECHNICAL DIFFICULTY(5,1)|HIGH PRESSURE MIXING(4,14)|INJECTION WELL(4,6)|CPU(4,4)|INJECTION RATE(4,3)|INJECTION SYSTEM(4,3)|PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE(4,2)|ASICS(3,1)|BURDEN(3,1)| | (CN121401927)|1. A method for sealing off subsea carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:| s110, compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; | S120, filtering, desalting and regulating the pH of seawater, and mixing the seawater with the liquid CO 2 and the emulsifier according to a ratio to obtain CO 2 emulsion; | S130, pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a seabed target sequestration target area. |2. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring particle size and viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time and adjusting the ratio of the emulsifier, the liquid CO 2, and the seawater by an automated system when stability fluctuations are monitored.|3. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring formation temperature, pressure of the subsea target sequestration target zone in real time, and adjusting pumping parameters of the CO 2 emulsion based on the monitored data.|4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S110, the temperature of the liquid CO 2 is below 25 ℃, and the pressure is >6.5 Mpa.|5. The method of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier comprises one or more of sodium succinate sulfonate, alkyl glycoside, rhamnolipid, sodium lignin sulfonate.|6. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the seawater, the liquid CO 2, and the emulsifier is 1:4 to 4:1.|7. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the emulsifier in the CO 2 emulsion is 0.1% wt% to 5% wt%.|8. The method of claim 2, wherein the CO 2 emulsion has a particle size of 0.1 to 10 μm.|9. A hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration system based on carbon dioxide emulsion, comprising:| The CO 2 pretreatment system comprises a compression unit, a cooling unit and a liquid CO 2 storage unit which are connected in sequence through pipelines, and is used for compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; | The CO 2 emulsion preparation system comprises a seawater treatment unit, an emulsifier storage unit, a premixing unit and a high-pressure mixing unit, wherein an inlet of the premixing unit is connected with outlets of the liquid CO 2 storage unit, the seawater treatment unit and the emulsifier storage unit, and an outlet of the premixing unit is connected with an inlet of the high-pressure mixing unit and is used for mixing pretreated seawater, liquid CO 2 and an emulsifier to obtain CO 2 emulsion; | The CO 2 emulsion storage and injection system comprises a CO 2 emulsion storage unit, a high-pressure injection pump and an injection well which are connected in sequence through pipelines, wherein an inlet of the CO 2 emulsion storage unit is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure mixing unit, and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit is used for pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a submarine target sealing target area. |10. The system of claim 9, further comprising:| The CO 2 emulsion detection system is in communication connection with the premixing unit, the high-pressure mixing unit and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit and is used for monitoring the particle size and viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time; | The multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system is in communication connection with the submarine target sealing target area and the high-pressure injection pump and is used for monitoring the stratum temperature, the stratum pressure and the CO 2 concentration of the submarine target sealing target area in real time; | The data acquisition and analysis device is in communication connection with the CO 2 emulsion detection system and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system and is used for acquiring detection data of the CO 2 emulsion online detection system and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system, and when fluctuation of data stability is detected, parameters of the premixing unit and the high-pressure pump are automatically regulated. |11. The system of claim 9, wherein the injection well is a suction barrel surface well construction device or a suction anchor surface well construction device.|12. A computing device comprising a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, the processor, the memory, and the communication interface completing communication with each other over the communication bus;| The memory is configured to store at least one executable instruction that causes the processor to perform operations corresponding to the carbon dioxide emulsion-based hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method according to any of claims 1-8. |13. A computer storage medium having stored therein at least one executable instruction for causing a processor to perform operations corresponding to the carbon dioxide emulsion-based hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method according to any of claims 1-8. | (CN121401927)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide sealing and storage, and particularly relates to a method and a system for sealing and storing submarine carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] As global industrialization progresses, CO 2 emissions continue to increase. According to the latest research data, the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere exceeds 420: 420 ppm, and the concentration is increased by about 50% compared with the prior industrialized period (about 280: 280 ppm). The greenhouse effect caused by the rising concentration of CO 2 has profound effects on the global climate system and the ecological environment, including frequent extreme weather events, rising sea level, unbalanced ecological system and the like. To address this challenge, international society has proposed a goal of controlling global temperature rise to within 1.5 ℃, and CO 2 sequestration technology is considered to be one of the key means to achieve this goal. The CO 2 sequestration technology effectively slows down the CO 2 emission levels by injecting captured CO 2 into a closed carbon reservoir, achieving permanent sequestration of CO 2 from the atmosphere. The technology not only can rapidly reduce the concentration of atmospheric CO 2, but also strives for precious time for realizing the carbon neutralization target globally.|[0003] The ocean covers 71% of the earth's surface area and has great carbon sequestration potential. The CO 2 is stored by using wide ocean, so that the problem of land resource shortage can be relieved, and the natural high-pressure and low-temperature conditions of the ocean can be fully exerted. At present, the ocean carbon sealing technology mainly comprises two modes of deep salty water layer sealing and seabed sediment sealing. The deep salty water layer sealing and storing technology is relatively mature, but has strict requirements on geological structures, and a sealed geological ring layer is needed to realize long-acting sealing and storing, so that wide ocean area is difficult to fully utilize. In addition, the deep saline water layer is sealed and stored, and the problems of CO 2 leakage risk and high long-term monitoring difficulty exist.|[0004] In contrast, the hydrate CO 2 subsea sequestration technology has received widespread attention in recent years as an emerging carbon sequestration technology. The technology utilizes the characteristic that CO 2 generates solid CO 2 hydrate under the conditions of low temperature (< 10 ℃) and high pressure (> 3 MPa) on the sea bottom to realize the long-term stable sealing of CO 2. The CO 2 hydrate has the advantages of high gas storage capacity (the 1m 3 hydrate can be stored for about 170 m 3CO2), good stability (the hydrate can exist in a deep sea environment for a long time), high safety (the CO 2 is stored in a solid state form, and the leakage risk is low), and the like. The CO 2 hydrate sequestration technology is considered to be a very promising marine carbon sequestration solution, in analogy to long-term stable natural gas hydrates on the seafloor.|[0005] However, although the hydrate method CO 2 submarine sequestration technology has remarkable advantages, the technology still faces the following technical bottlenecks in practical application (1) the injection efficiency of CO 2 is low, and the existing CO 2 injection mode has the problems of low injection efficiency and poor permeability. The migration behavior of CO 2 in subsea sediment is affected by pore structure, wettability and interfacial tension, making it difficult to fully utilize sediment pore space. How to improve the injection efficiency of CO 2 and optimize the permeability and migration behavior of CO 2 in sediment pores is a key for realizing efficient sealing. (2) The hydrate conversion rate is low, and a complex multi-factor coupling environment on the sea floor, such as a high salinity environment (the salinity is about 3.5 wt percent), can obviously inhibit the generation kinetics of the CO 2 hydrate, so that the CO 2 hydrate conversion rate is low. In addition, the nucleation and growth process of the CO 2 hydrate is greatly affected by temperature, pressure and fluid composition, and the technical difficulty is further increased. Increasing the CO 2 hydrate conversion is a central challenge in achieving long-term stable sequestration of CO 2.|[0006] In view of the above technical bottlenecks, there is a need to develop a high-efficiency, stable and scalable CO 2 subsea sequestration technology.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] The invention provides a method and a system for sealing submarine carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, which are used for solving the technical problems of difficult injection of liquid CO 2, slow generation kinetics of CO 2 hydrate and the like.|[0008] Specifically, the method for sealing and storing the seabed carbon by using the hydrate method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion comprises the following steps:| s110, compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; | S120, filtering, desalting and regulating the pH of seawater, and mixing the seawater with the liquid CO 2 and the emulsifier according to a ratio to obtain CO 2 emulsion; | S130, pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a seabed target sequestration target area. |[0009] The method for sealing and storing the submarine carbon by the hydrate method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion further comprises the steps of monitoring the particle size and the viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time, and adjusting the proportion of the emulsifier, the liquid CO 2 and the seawater through an automatic system when stability fluctuation is monitored.|[0010] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, stratum temperature and stratum pressure of the subsea target sequestration target area are monitored in real time, and pumping parameters of the CO 2 emulsion are adjusted according to monitoring data.|[0011] In the above-mentioned method for sealing off subsea carbon by using a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, in step S110, the temperature of the liquid CO 2 is below 25 ℃, and the pressure is >6.5 Mpa.|[0012] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the emulsifier comprises one or more of sodium succinate sulfonate, alkyl glycoside, rhamnolipid and sodium lignin sulfonate.|[0013] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the volume ratio of the seawater to the liquid CO 2 to the emulsifier is 1:4 to 4:1.|[0014] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the concentration of the emulsifier in the CO 2 emulsion is 0.1-wt% -5-wt%.|[0015] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the particle size of the CO 2 emulsion is 0.1-10 mu m.|[0016] The invention provides a hydrate method subsea carbon sealing system based on carbon dioxide emulsion, comprising:| The CO 2 pretreatment system comprises a compression unit, a cooling unit and a liquid CO 2 storage unit which are connected in sequence through pipelines, and is used for compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; | The CO 2 emulsion preparation system comprises a seawater treatment unit, an emulsifier storage unit, a premixing unit and a high-pressure mixing unit, wherein an inlet of the premixing unit is connected with outlets of the liquid CO 2 storage unit, the seawater treatment unit and the emulsifier storage unit, and an outlet of the premixing unit is connected with an inlet of the high-pressure mixing unit and is used for mixing pretreated seawater, liquid CO 2 and an emulsifier to obtain CO 2 emulsion; | The CO 2 emulsion storage and injection system comprises a CO 2 emulsion storage unit, a high-pressure injection pump and an injection well which are connected in sequence through pipelines, wherein an inlet of the CO 2 emulsion storage unit is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure mixing unit, and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit is used for pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a submarine target sealing target area. |[0017] The above-mentioned submarine carbon sequestration system based on the hydrate method of carbon dioxide emulsion, further includes:| The CO 2 emulsion detection system is in communication connection with the premixing unit, the high-pressure mixing unit and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit and is used for monitoring the particle size and viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time; | The multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system is in communication connection with the submarine target sealing target area and the high-pressure injection pump and is used for monitoring the stratum temperature, the stratum pressure and the CO 2 concentration of the submarine target sealing target area in real time; | The data acquisition and analysis device is in communication connection with the CO 2 emulsion detection system and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system and is used for acquiring detection data of the CO 2 emulsion online detection system and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system, and when fluctuation of data stability is detected, parameters of the premixing unit and the high-pressure pump are automatically regulated. |[0018] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sealing system based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the injection well is a suction barrel type surface layer well construction device or a suction anchor type surface layer well construction device.|[0019] The invention also provides a computing device, which comprises a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface complete communication with each other through the communication bus;| The memory is used for storing at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to execute the operation corresponding to the carbon dioxide emulsion-based hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method. |The invention also provides a computer storage medium, at least one executable instruction is stored in the storage medium, and the executable instruction enables a processor to execute the operation corresponding to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion.|[0020] The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:| According to the invention, through the submarine sealing technology of the hydrate method CO 2 based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the comprehensive improvement of the CO 2 injection efficiency, the hydrate conversion rate and the sealing stability is realized, the environment friendliness and the long-term safety are simultaneously considered, and the reliable technical support is provided for the large-scale application of the marine carbon sealing technology. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0021] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.|[0022] FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for sealing off subsea carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion;| FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for subsea carbon sequestration by a hydrate process based on carbon dioxide emulsion according to the present invention; | FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a subsea carbon sequestration process and system employing a carbon dioxide emulsion-based hydrate process in an embodiment of the present invention; | FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a computing device of the present invention. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0023] The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments for a full understanding of the objects, features, and effects of the present invention. The process of the present invention is carried out by methods or apparatus conventional in the art, except as described below. The following terms have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise indicated.|[0024] The invention fully utilizes the characteristic that the CO 2 hydrate forming components (CO 2, water and surfactant CO 2 hydrate dynamics promoter) can be freely blended in an emulsion form, establishes a hydrate curing and sealing method based on a CO 2 emulsion, and effectively solves the technical problems of difficult injection of liquid CO 2, slow generation dynamics of CO 2 hydrate and the like. Specifically, the method for sealing and storing the submarine carbon by the hydrate method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion provided by the invention covers the integrated process flow of CO 2 injection, CO 2 hydrate generation and long-term stable sealing and storing, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:| As shown in fig. 1, the method for sealing off submarine carbon by using a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion provided by the invention comprises the following steps: | S110, compressing and cooling the CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2. |[0025] In some preferred embodiments, the onshore captured CO 2 is transported to an offshore injection platform via an offshore pipeline or vessel, subjected to a multi-stage compressor and cooling process to ensure that the temperature of CO 2 is below 25 ℃, the pressure is >6.5 MPa, and the CO 2 is in the liquid phase.|[0026] And S120, filtering, desalting and regulating the pH of the seawater, and mixing the seawater with the liquid CO 2 and the emulsifier according to the proportion to obtain the CO 2 emulsion.|[0027] In some preferred embodiments, the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of environmentally friendly surfactants including, but not limited to, one or more of sodium succinate sulfonate, alkyl glycoside, rhamnolipid, sodium lignin sulfonate.|[0028] The research shows that the emulsifier adopted by the invention not only can stabilize emulsion, but also can be used as a dynamic promoter of the CO 2 hydrate to accelerate the nucleation and growth of the hydrate. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the using amount of the emulsifier is very small, and the CO 2 emulsion can be kept stable only by 0.1 wt-5 wt percent. This means that the input of chemical agents is greatly reduced, which saves costs and reduces the burden on the environment. In addition, the emulsifier adopted by the invention is biodegradable, so that the influence on ecology after entering the ocean is very small, and the pollution problem possibly caused by the traditional chemical agent is effectively avoided. Finally, during the sequestration phase, CO 2 is immobilized as a solid hydrate with low risk of leakage. In this way, the possibility of acidification of seawater caused by dissolution of CO 2 is also basically eliminated, and the method is safer and more reliable in the long term.|[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the volume ratio of the seawater, the liquid CO 2, and the emulsifier is 1:4 to 4:1.|[0030] Optionally, after the seawater, the liquid CO 2 and the emulsifier are mixed, they may be fully mixed by stirring or ultrasound, etc., to form a stable CO 2 emulsion.|[0031] Wherein the CO 2 emulsion can be stored in a high-pressure tank, preferably equipped with mechanical stirring means in order to prevent emulsion breaking, while maintaining the high-pressure tank under constant temperature (< 25 ℃) and constant pressure (> 6.5 MPa) conditions.|[0032] In some preferred embodiments, the particle size of the CO 2 emulsion of the present invention is from 0.1 to 10 μm.|[0033] The viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion is not particularly required.|[0034] In order to ensure the high efficiency of the CO 2 emulsion in the injection and sealing process, the invention also comprises the steps of monitoring the particle size of the CO 2 emulsion in real time by adopting a laser scattering method and monitoring the viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time by adopting a rotational viscometer. When stability fluctuations are monitored, the emulsion stability and droplet size are optimized by an automated system adjusting the ratio of the emulsifier, the liquid CO 2, and the seawater.|[0035] The invention ensures that the conversion rate of CO 2 hydrate is maximized by adapting the CO 2 emulsion to pore structures of different sediments (such as high-permeability sandstone or low-permeability clay) by adjusting the ratio of CO 2 to water and the particle size of liquid drops.|[0036] S130, pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a seabed target sequestration target area.|[0037] Wherein the pressure of pumping the CO 2 emulsion should be greater than the subsea deposit pore pressure.|[0038] The research shows that the injected CO 2 emulsion seeps in the pores of the seabed sediment, and the migration efficiency of CO 2 in the pores is obviously improved by reducing the interfacial tension, regulating and controlling the wettability and optimizing the rheological behavior, so that the viscous fingering phenomenon is reduced.|[0039] In the subsea sediment sequestration target zone, the pore structure is typically saturated with water, and the injected CO 2 needs to displace pore water first to fully utilize the pore space for hydrate CO 2 sequestration. However, the conventional injection method of liquid CO 2 or gaseous CO 2 is easy to generate viscous finger-in phenomenon due to low viscosity and strong fluidity, so that CO 2 cannot effectively displace pore water, and further the utilization rate of pore space is reduced. According to the invention, the seepage migration state of CO 2 is remarkably improved by injecting the CO 2 emulsion, the pore space can be uniformly filled by the CO 2 emulsion microdroplet (with the particle size of 0.1-10 mu m), the sediment pores are fully utilized, and the space utilization rate of the sealing target area is improved.|[0040] In addition, in the conventional CO 2 hydrate formation process, a CO 2 hydrate film is easily formed preferentially at the CO 2 water interface, preventing further contact of CO 2 with water, limiting the mass transfer process, resulting in low hydrate conversion. The method provided by the invention has the advantage that the CO 2 emulsion is injected, so that the conversion rate of the CO 2 hydrate is obviously improved. The CO 2 emulsion disperses the liquid CO 2 into micron-sized liquid drops, so that the contact area of CO 2 and water is greatly increased, the mass transfer process is enhanced, and the limitation of a CO 2 hydrate film on the mass transfer in the traditional CO 2 injection mode is overcome. Under the conditions of low temperature (< 10 ℃) and high pressure (> 3 MPa) on the sea floor, the CO 2 emulsion microdroplets are gradually converted into carbon dioxide hydrate, and the water conversion rate can reach more than 80%.|[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on carbon dioxide emulsion further comprises monitoring formation temperature, pressure and CO 2 concentration of the subsea target sequestration target area in real time, and adjusting pumping parameters of the CO 2 emulsion according to the monitored data.|[0042] The method realizes the following two purposes of monitoring formation data changes such as temperature, pressure and the like in the process of injecting CO 2 emulsion, feeding back the monitoring data to a CO 2 emulsion injection system, adjusting injection parameters such as CO 2 injection rate, pressure and the like, preventing formation instability caused by CO 2 emulsion injection, monitoring parameters such as CO 2 concentration and the like in the process of sealing CO 2 hydrate, monitoring long-term stability of sealing the seabed of the hydrate method CO 2, and preventing CO 2 leakage.|[0043] According to the method for sealing off the submarine carbon by using the hydrate method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, provided by the invention, the CO 2 injection efficiency and the hydrate conversion rate are obviously improved by optimizing the preparation, injection and hydrate generation processes of the CO 2 emulsion, and a brand-new technical approach is provided for the development of the ocean carbon sealing-off technology.|[0044] On the other hand, as shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration system 100 based on carbon dioxide emulsion, comprising:| The CO 2 pretreatment system 10 comprises a compression unit 101, a cooling unit 102 and a liquid CO 2 storage unit 103 which are connected in sequence in a pipeline manner, and is used for compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; | The CO 2 emulsion preparation system 20 comprises a seawater treatment unit 201, an emulsifier storage unit 202, a premixing unit 203 and a high-pressure mixing unit 204, wherein an inlet of the premixing unit 203 is connected with outlets of the liquid CO 2 storage unit 103, the seawater treatment unit 201 and the emulsifier storage unit 202, and an outlet of the premixing unit 203 is connected with an inlet of the high-pressure mixing unit 204 for mixing pretreated seawater, liquid CO 2 and an emulsifier to obtain a CO 2 emulsion; | The CO 2 emulsion storage and injection system 30 comprises a CO 2 emulsion storage unit 301, a high-pressure injection pump 302 and an injection well 303 which are connected in sequence in a pipeline mode, wherein an inlet of the CO 2 emulsion storage unit 301 is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure mixing unit 204, and the CO 2 emulsion is pumped into a seabed target sealing target area. |[0045] In some preferred embodiments, the compression unit 101 is a multi-stage compressor, and the cold source of the cooling unit 102 is low-temperature seawater.|[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the seawater treatment unit 201 comprises a multistage filter, a reverse osmosis desalination system and an automatic pH adjustment module, the premixing unit 203 comprises a premixing pump, a dynamic proportioning valve, a flowmeter and other devices, the emulsifying agent, the seawater and the liquid CO 2 are mixed according to a preset proportion, the high-pressure mixing unit 204 is a high-pressure mixing reactor, and the emulsifying agent, the seawater and the liquid CO 2 are fully mixed by stirring or ultrasonic modes and the like to form stable CO 2 emulsion. The connection and arrangement of the devices in the seawater treatment unit 201, the premixing unit 203 and the high-pressure mixing unit 204 may be performed according to the prior art, and the present invention is not described in detail herein.|[0047] In some preferred embodiments, the CO 2 emulsion storage unit 301 is in a high-pressure tank, maintained at constant temperature (< 25 ℃) and constant pressure (> 6.5 MPa) conditions, the tank is equipped with mechanical stirring means to prevent emulsion breaking.|[0048] In some preferred embodiments, the injection well 303 is a suction barrel surface well construction device or a suction anchor surface well construction device.|[0049] The suction cylinder type (anchor type) surface layer well construction device has the working principle that a CO 2 injection area is selected, a CO 2 injection cylinder is lowered and buckled on the sea floor, the pressure in the cylinder is reduced by removing seawater in the CO 2 injection cylinder, the CO 2 injection cylinder enters the sea floor to a designated depth under the action of internal and external pressure differences and self gravity, and CO 2 emulsion is injected into submarine sediments through the CO 2 injection cylinder by a transportation pipeline at the top of the injection cylinder and a high-pressure injection pump arranged on a drilling ship or a drilling platform.|[0050] Due to the shallow sediment thickness of the target area of the hydrate method CO 2 subsea containment technology, typically 0-200 mbsf, this depends on the inherent thermodynamic stability of the CO 2 hydrate, as well as the limitations of the seabed temperature and subsea geothermal gradient. Therefore, the suction cylinder type (anchor type) surface layer well construction device is adopted, and the problems of high cost, easy damage to a shaft structure, difficult long-term injection and the like of the traditional deep sea well drilling technology are avoided.|[0051] Besides the advantages of simple operation, cost saving and the like. The free movement and re-drilling of the exploitation cylinder can also be realized through the suction cylinder type surface well construction device. In order to avoid sediment pore blocking caused by massive generation of CO 2 hydrate, improve emulsion injection efficiency, solve the problem of slow injection rate of CO 2 emulsion caused by diffusion of CO 2 emulsion in pores, after CO 2 emulsion injection and CO 2 hydrate generation are realized within a certain range, a mining barrel can be moved to a new CO 2 injection area to continue CO 2 emulsion injection and CO 2 sealing by a hydrate method under the action of pulling up an anchor cable system.|[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the carbon dioxide emulsion based hydrate process subsea carbon sequestration system 100 of the present invention further comprises:| The CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 is in communication connection with the premixing unit 203, the high-pressure mixing unit 204 and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit 301, and is used for monitoring the particle size and viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time; | The multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system 50 is in communication connection with the submarine target sequestration target zone 70 and the high-pressure injection pump 302 and is used for monitoring the stratum temperature and pressure of the submarine target sequestration target zone in real time; | The data acquisition and analysis device 60 is in communication connection with the CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and control system 50, and is configured to acquire detection data of the CO 2 emulsion online detection system 40 and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and control system 50, and automatically adjust parameters of the pre-mixing unit 203 and the high-pressure injection pump 302 when fluctuation of data stability is detected. |[0053] In some preferred embodiments, the CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 monitors the particle size and viscosity of the emulsion in real time by laser scattering and rotational viscometer.|[0054] The CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 may directly use a CO 2 emulsion detection device according to the prior art, and the present invention is not described in detail herein.|[0055] In some alternative embodiments, the CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 includes a conductivity meter for analyzing emulsion stability and phase separation behavior, a visual window opening for determining emulsion stratification behavior, a rheometer for analyzing viscosity yield stress, flowability and stability, and an optical microscope for determining emulsion particle size range.|[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the multi-field coupled real-time monitoring and conditioning system 50 includes a temperature detection device, a pressure detection device, a pH detection-CO 2 leak, a CO 2 gas detection device. The connection and arrangement of the devices can be performed according to the prior art, and the present invention will not be described in detail.|[0057] The multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and control system 50 is used for the real-time monitor to evaluate the stability of the CO 2 by the hydrate method. The monitoring parameters comprise the temperature of the stratum at the injection target area, the local temperature sudden rise caused by air pressure compression or CO 2 dissolution due to CO 2 emulsion injection, the temperature fluctuation caused by ocean current disturbance and the like during the CO 2 hydrate sealing period, the pressure at the injection target area, the pressure rise of the bottom layer caused by CO 2 emulsion injection, the occurrence of overpressure in sediment prevention, and the concentration monitoring of CO 2, an earthquake monitoring array, a pressure sensor network and the like.|[0058] According to the invention, through multi-field coupling monitoring data analysis, a CO 2 emulsion injection system instruction is fed back, modes such as CO 2 injection rate and the like are changed, so that phenomena such as temperature jump and overpressure are prevented, and leakage of CO 2 is monitored and prevented.|[0059] The invention is further illustrated by means of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following examples follow conventional methods and conditions.|[0060] Comprehensive example 1a detailed description of the hydrate method CO 2 subsea sequestration technology based on CO 2 emulsion is provided. The main flow and steps of the high technology in example 1 are shown in fig. 3:| the CO 2 carrier transports the CO 2 to the offshore drilling vessel, where the CO 2 supplied by the carrier is pressurized and cooled by the CO 2 pretreatment system of the drilling vessel. Wherein the CO 2 is pressurized by a compression pump to form high-pressure liquid CO 2, and is cooled by seawater circulation. Assuming a cooling temperature of 20 ℃, the CO 2 is pressurized to 8MPa (greater than the pressure of the CO 2 liquefaction at 20 ℃) in this example, and the pressurized and cooled liquid CO 2 is dumped into a liquid CO 2 storage tank for use. |[0061] Pre-storing the CO 2 emulsifier alkyl glycoside into an emulsifier storage tank. The seawater pretreatment device filters and desalts seawater. The treated seawater and liquid CO 2 are injected into a high-pressure mixing reactor by a proportional feed pump according to the volume ratio of 1/1 and the preset concentration of the emulsifier alkyl glycoside of 0.1 to wt percent, and the high-pressure mixing reactor is rapidly stirred to form CO 2 emulsion.|[0062] The droplet size of the CO 2 emulsion in the high-pressure mixing reactor is collected by an in-situ emulsion monitoring device, such as an in-situ laser particle analyzer and other instruments can be used together, the particle size information of the CO 2 emulsion is collected and analyzed by a data acquisition device, the concentration of the emulsifier is regulated by feeding back a signal to a proportional feed pump, and the droplet size of the CO 2 is regulated.|[0063] The droplets of CO 2 are injected into the subsea sediment by a high pressure injection pump, in this example a suction drum device is used to inject the CO 2 emulsion. The CO 2 emulsion displaces the moisture in the pores, so that the CO 2 emulsion fully occupies the original pore space. The liquid CO 2 is used as a dynamic promoter of the CO 2 hydrate and generates a CO 2 hydrate cover layer under the action of high dispersion of CO 2 emulsion drops. The resulting CO 2 hydrate cap layer prevents leakage of CO 2 caused by subsequent CO 2 emulsion injection. The subsequently injected CO 2 emulsion is gradually converted into CO 2 hydrate, so that high hydrate conversion rate and long-term stability sealing are realized.|[0064] Emulsion injection and the sequestration stability of the CO 2 hydrate are monitored in real time by an in-situ multi-field coupling CO 2 monitoring device deployed on the sea floor, and monitoring data are collected and recorded by a data collection device. Parameters such as injection rate, flow and injection pressure of the CO 2 emulsion are fed back and adjusted through real-time monitoring data, and leakage of CO 2 is prevented.|[0065] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a computing device, according to one embodiment of the invention, the particular embodiment of the invention not being limited to a particular implementation of the computing device.|As shown in FIG. 4, the computing device may include a processor 402, a communication interface 404, a memory 406, and a communication bus 408.|Wherein processor 402, communication interface 404, and memory 406 communicate with each other via communication bus 408.|[0066] A communication interface 404 for communicating with network elements of other devices, such as clients or other servers.|[0067] Processor 402 is configured to execute program 410, and may specifically perform the steps associated with the above-described carbon dioxide emulsion-based hydrate process subsea carbon sequestration method.|In particular, program 410 may include program code including computer-operating instructions.|Processor 402 may be a central processing unit, CPU, or a specific integrated circuit ASIC (ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention. The computing device may include one or more processors of the same type, such as one or more CPUs, or of different types, such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.|Memory 406 for storing programs 410. Memory 406 may comprise high-speed RAM memory or may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatilememory), such as at least one disk memory.|[0068] Program 410 may be specifically operable to cause processor 402 to perform a hydrate process subsea carbon sequestration process based on a carbon dioxide emulsion in any of the above-described methods. The specific implementation of each step in the procedure 410 may refer to corresponding descriptions in the corresponding steps and units in the above-mentioned method for sealing subsea carbon by using a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, and will not be repeated herein. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the apparatus and modules described above may refer to corresponding procedure descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.|The algorithms or displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for a construction of such a system is apparent from the description above. In addition, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein, and the particular language used above has been presented to disclose a preferred embodiment of the invention|The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.|[0069] In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.|[0070] Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein. | (CN121401927)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide sealing and storage, and particularly relates to a method and a system for sealing and storing submarine carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] As global industrialization progresses, CO 2 emissions continue to increase. According to the latest research data, the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere exceeds 420: 420 ppm, and the concentration is increased by about 50% compared with the prior industrialized period (about 280: 280 ppm). The greenhouse effect caused by the rising concentration of CO 2 has profound effects on the global climate system and the ecological environment, including frequent extreme weather events, rising sea level, unbalanced ecological system and the like. To address this challenge, international society has proposed a goal of controlling global temperature rise to within 1.5 ℃, and CO 2 sequestration technology is considered to be one of the key means to achieve this goal. The CO 2 sequestration technology effectively slows down the CO 2 emission levels by injecting captured CO 2 into a closed carbon reservoir, achieving permanent sequestration of CO 2 from the atmosphere. The technology not only can rapidly reduce the concentration of atmospheric CO 2, but also strives for precious time for realizing the carbon neutralization target globally.|[0003] The ocean covers 71% of the earth's surface area and has great carbon sequestration potential. The CO 2 is stored by using wide ocean, so that the problem of land resource shortage can be relieved, and the natural high-pressure and low-temperature conditions of the ocean can be fully exerted. At present, the ocean carbon sealing technology mainly comprises two modes of deep salty water layer sealing and seabed sediment sealing. The deep salty water layer sealing and storing technology is relatively mature, but has strict requirements on geological structures, and a sealed geological ring layer is needed to realize long-acting sealing and storing, so that wide ocean area is difficult to fully utilize. In addition, the deep saline water layer is sealed and stored, and the problems of CO 2 leakage risk and high long-term monitoring difficulty exist.|[0004] In contrast, the hydrate CO 2 subsea sequestration technology has received widespread attention in recent years as an emerging carbon sequestration technology. The technology utilizes the characteristic that CO 2 generates solid CO 2 hydrate under the conditions of low temperature (< 10 ℃) and high pressure (> 3 MPa) on the sea bottom to realize the long-term stable sealing of CO 2. The CO 2 hydrate has the advantages of high gas storage capacity (the 1m 3 hydrate can be stored for about 170 m 3CO2), good stability (the hydrate can exist in a deep sea environment for a long time), high safety (the CO 2 is stored in a solid state form, and the leakage risk is low), and the like. The CO 2 hydrate sequestration technology is considered to be a very promising marine carbon sequestration solution, in analogy to long-term stable natural gas hydrates on the seafloor.|[0005] However, although the hydrate method CO 2 submarine sequestration technology has remarkable advantages, the technology still faces the following technical bottlenecks in practical application (1) the injection efficiency of CO 2 is low, and the existing CO 2 injection mode has the problems of low injection efficiency and poor permeability. The migration behavior of CO 2 in subsea sediment is affected by pore structure, wettability and interfacial tension, making it difficult to fully utilize sediment pore space. How to improve the injection efficiency of CO 2 and optimize the permeability and migration behavior of CO 2 in sediment pores is a key for realizing efficient sealing. (2) The hydrate conversion rate is low, and a complex multi-factor coupling environment on the sea floor, such as a high salinity environment (the salinity is about 3.5 wt percent), can obviously inhibit the generation kinetics of the CO 2 hydrate, so that the CO 2 hydrate conversion rate is low. In addition, the nucleation and growth process of the CO 2 hydrate is greatly affected by temperature, pressure and fluid composition, and the technical difficulty is further increased. Increasing the CO 2 hydrate conversion is a central challenge in achieving long-term stable sequestration of CO 2.|[0006] In view of the above technical bottlenecks, there is a need to develop a high-efficiency, stable and scalable CO 2 subsea sequestration technology.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] The invention provides a method and a system for sealing submarine carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, which are used for solving the technical problems of difficult injection of liquid CO 2, slow generation kinetics of CO 2 hydrate and the like.|[0008] Specifically, the method for sealing and storing the seabed carbon by using the hydrate method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion comprises the following steps:| s110, compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; | S120, filtering, desalting and regulating the pH of seawater, and mixing the seawater with the liquid CO 2 and the emulsifier according to a ratio to obtain CO 2 emulsion; | S130, pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a seabed target sequestration target area. |[0009] The method for sealing and storing the submarine carbon by the hydrate method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion further comprises the steps of monitoring the particle size and the viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time, and adjusting the proportion of the emulsifier, the liquid CO 2 and the seawater through an automatic system when stability fluctuation is monitored.|[0010] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, stratum temperature and stratum pressure of the subsea target sequestration target area are monitored in real time, and pumping parameters of the CO 2 emulsion are adjusted according to monitoring data.|[0011] In the above-mentioned method for sealing off subsea carbon by using a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, in step S110, the temperature of the liquid CO 2 is below 25 ℃, and the pressure is >6.5 Mpa.|[0012] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the emulsifier comprises one or more of sodium succinate sulfonate, alkyl glycoside, rhamnolipid and sodium lignin sulfonate.|[0013] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the volume ratio of the seawater to the liquid CO 2 to the emulsifier is 1:4 to 4:1.|[0014] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the concentration of the emulsifier in the CO 2 emulsion is 0.1-wt% -5-wt%.|[0015] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the particle size of the CO 2 emulsion is 0.1-10 mu m.|[0016] The invention provides a hydrate method subsea carbon sealing system based on carbon dioxide emulsion, comprising:| The CO 2 pretreatment system comprises a compression unit, a cooling unit and a liquid CO 2 storage unit which are connected in sequence through pipelines, and is used for compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; | The CO 2 emulsion preparation system comprises a seawater treatment unit, an emulsifier storage unit, a premixing unit and a high-pressure mixing unit, wherein an inlet of the premixing unit is connected with outlets of the liquid CO 2 storage unit, the seawater treatment unit and the emulsifier storage unit, and an outlet of the premixing unit is connected with an inlet of the high-pressure mixing unit and is used for mixing pretreated seawater, liquid CO 2 and an emulsifier to obtain CO 2 emulsion; | The CO 2 emulsion storage and injection system comprises a CO 2 emulsion storage unit, a high-pressure injection pump and an injection well which are connected in sequence through pipelines, wherein an inlet of the CO 2 emulsion storage unit is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure mixing unit, and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit is used for pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a submarine target sealing target area. |[0017] The above-mentioned submarine carbon sequestration system based on the hydrate method of carbon dioxide emulsion, further includes:| The CO 2 emulsion detection system is in communication connection with the premixing unit, the high-pressure mixing unit and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit and is used for monitoring the particle size and viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time; | The multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system is in communication connection with the submarine target sealing target area and the high-pressure injection pump and is used for monitoring the stratum temperature, the stratum pressure and the CO 2 concentration of the submarine target sealing target area in real time; | The data acquisition and analysis device is in communication connection with the CO 2 emulsion detection system and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system and is used for acquiring detection data of the CO 2 emulsion online detection system and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system, and when fluctuation of data stability is detected, parameters of the premixing unit and the high-pressure pump are automatically regulated. |[0018] According to the hydrate method subsea carbon sealing system based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the injection well is a suction barrel type surface layer well construction device or a suction anchor type surface layer well construction device.|[0019] The invention also provides a computing device, which comprises a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface complete communication with each other through the communication bus;| The memory is used for storing at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to execute the operation corresponding to the carbon dioxide emulsion-based hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method. |The invention also provides a computer storage medium, at least one executable instruction is stored in the storage medium, and the executable instruction enables a processor to execute the operation corresponding to the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion.|[0020] The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:| According to the invention, through the submarine sealing technology of the hydrate method CO 2 based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the comprehensive improvement of the CO 2 injection efficiency, the hydrate conversion rate and the sealing stability is realized, the environment friendliness and the long-term safety are simultaneously considered, and the reliable technical support is provided for the large-scale application of the marine carbon sealing technology. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0021] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.|[0022] FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for sealing off subsea carbon by a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion;| FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for subsea carbon sequestration by a hydrate process based on carbon dioxide emulsion according to the present invention; | FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a subsea carbon sequestration process and system employing a carbon dioxide emulsion-based hydrate process in an embodiment of the present invention; | FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a computing device of the present invention. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0023] The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments for a full understanding of the objects, features, and effects of the present invention. The process of the present invention is carried out by methods or apparatus conventional in the art, except as described below. The following terms have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise indicated.|[0024] The invention fully utilizes the characteristic that the CO 2 hydrate forming components (CO 2, water and surfactant CO 2 hydrate dynamics promoter) can be freely blended in an emulsion form, establishes a hydrate curing and sealing method based on a CO 2 emulsion, and effectively solves the technical problems of difficult injection of liquid CO 2, slow generation dynamics of CO 2 hydrate and the like. Specifically, the method for sealing and storing the submarine carbon by the hydrate method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion provided by the invention covers the integrated process flow of CO 2 injection, CO 2 hydrate generation and long-term stable sealing and storing, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:| As shown in fig. 1, the method for sealing off submarine carbon by using a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion provided by the invention comprises the following steps: | S110, compressing and cooling the CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2. |[0025] In some preferred embodiments, the onshore captured CO 2 is transported to an offshore injection platform via an offshore pipeline or vessel, subjected to a multi-stage compressor and cooling process to ensure that the temperature of CO 2 is below 25 ℃, the pressure is >6.5 MPa, and the CO 2 is in the liquid phase.|[0026] And S120, filtering, desalting and regulating the pH of the seawater, and mixing the seawater with the liquid CO 2 and the emulsifier according to the proportion to obtain the CO 2 emulsion.|[0027] In some preferred embodiments, the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of environmentally friendly surfactants including, but not limited to, one or more of sodium succinate sulfonate, alkyl glycoside, rhamnolipid, sodium lignin sulfonate.|[0028] The research shows that the emulsifier adopted by the invention not only can stabilize emulsion, but also can be used as a dynamic promoter of the CO 2 hydrate to accelerate the nucleation and growth of the hydrate. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the using amount of the emulsifier is very small, and the CO 2 emulsion can be kept stable only by 0.1 wt-5 wt percent. This means that the input of chemical agents is greatly reduced, which saves costs and reduces the burden on the environment. In addition, the emulsifier adopted by the invention is biodegradable, so that the influence on ecology after entering the ocean is very small, and the pollution problem possibly caused by the traditional chemical agent is effectively avoided. Finally, during the sequestration phase, CO 2 is immobilized as a solid hydrate with low risk of leakage. In this way, the possibility of acidification of seawater caused by dissolution of CO 2 is also basically eliminated, and the method is safer and more reliable in the long term.|[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the volume ratio of the seawater, the liquid CO 2, and the emulsifier is 1:4 to 4:1.|[0030] Optionally, after the seawater, the liquid CO 2 and the emulsifier are mixed, they may be fully mixed by stirring or ultrasound, etc., to form a stable CO 2 emulsion.|[0031] Wherein the CO 2 emulsion can be stored in a high-pressure tank, preferably equipped with mechanical stirring means in order to prevent emulsion breaking, while maintaining the high-pressure tank under constant temperature (< 25 ℃) and constant pressure (> 6.5 MPa) conditions.|[0032] In some preferred embodiments, the particle size of the CO 2 emulsion of the present invention is from 0.1 to 10 μm.|[0033] The viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion is not particularly required.|[0034] In order to ensure the high efficiency of the CO 2 emulsion in the injection and sealing process, the invention also comprises the steps of monitoring the particle size of the CO 2 emulsion in real time by adopting a laser scattering method and monitoring the viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time by adopting a rotational viscometer. When stability fluctuations are monitored, the emulsion stability and droplet size are optimized by an automated system adjusting the ratio of the emulsifier, the liquid CO 2, and the seawater.|[0035] The invention ensures that the conversion rate of CO 2 hydrate is maximized by adapting the CO 2 emulsion to pore structures of different sediments (such as high-permeability sandstone or low-permeability clay) by adjusting the ratio of CO 2 to water and the particle size of liquid drops.|[0036] S130, pumping the CO 2 emulsion into a seabed target sequestration target area.|[0037] Wherein the pressure of pumping the CO 2 emulsion should be greater than the subsea deposit pore pressure.|[0038] The research shows that the injected CO 2 emulsion seeps in the pores of the seabed sediment, and the migration efficiency of CO 2 in the pores is obviously improved by reducing the interfacial tension, regulating and controlling the wettability and optimizing the rheological behavior, so that the viscous fingering phenomenon is reduced.|[0039] In the subsea sediment sequestration target zone, the pore structure is typically saturated with water, and the injected CO 2 needs to displace pore water first to fully utilize the pore space for hydrate CO 2 sequestration. However, the conventional injection method of liquid CO 2 or gaseous CO 2 is easy to generate viscous finger-in phenomenon due to low viscosity and strong fluidity, so that CO 2 cannot effectively displace pore water, and further the utilization rate of pore space is reduced. According to the invention, the seepage migration state of CO 2 is remarkably improved by injecting the CO 2 emulsion, the pore space can be uniformly filled by the CO 2 emulsion microdroplet (with the particle size of 0.1-10 mu m), the sediment pores are fully utilized, and the space utilization rate of the sealing target area is improved.|[0040] In addition, in the conventional CO 2 hydrate formation process, a CO 2 hydrate film is easily formed preferentially at the CO 2 water interface, preventing further contact of CO 2 with water, limiting the mass transfer process, resulting in low hydrate conversion. The method provided by the invention has the advantage that the CO 2 emulsion is injected, so that the conversion rate of the CO 2 hydrate is obviously improved. The CO 2 emulsion disperses the liquid CO 2 into micron-sized liquid drops, so that the contact area of CO 2 and water is greatly increased, the mass transfer process is enhanced, and the limitation of a CO 2 hydrate film on the mass transfer in the traditional CO 2 injection mode is overcome. Under the conditions of low temperature (< 10 ℃) and high pressure (> 3 MPa) on the sea floor, the CO 2 emulsion microdroplets are gradually converted into carbon dioxide hydrate, and the water conversion rate can reach more than 80%.|[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration method based on carbon dioxide emulsion further comprises monitoring formation temperature, pressure and CO 2 concentration of the subsea target sequestration target area in real time, and adjusting pumping parameters of the CO 2 emulsion according to the monitored data.|[0042] The method realizes the following two purposes of monitoring formation data changes such as temperature, pressure and the like in the process of injecting CO 2 emulsion, feeding back the monitoring data to a CO 2 emulsion injection system, adjusting injection parameters such as CO 2 injection rate, pressure and the like, preventing formation instability caused by CO 2 emulsion injection, monitoring parameters such as CO 2 concentration and the like in the process of sealing CO 2 hydrate, monitoring long-term stability of sealing the seabed of the hydrate method CO 2, and preventing CO 2 leakage.|[0043] According to the method for sealing off the submarine carbon by using the hydrate method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, provided by the invention, the CO 2 injection efficiency and the hydrate conversion rate are obviously improved by optimizing the preparation, injection and hydrate generation processes of the CO 2 emulsion, and a brand-new technical approach is provided for the development of the ocean carbon sealing-off technology.|[0044] On the other hand, as shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a hydrate method subsea carbon sequestration system 100 based on carbon dioxide emulsion, comprising:| The CO 2 pretreatment system 10 comprises a compression unit 101, a cooling unit 102 and a liquid CO 2 storage unit 103 which are connected in sequence in a pipeline manner, and is used for compressing and cooling CO 2 to obtain liquid CO 2; | The CO 2 emulsion preparation system 20 comprises a seawater treatment unit 201, an emulsifier storage unit 202, a premixing unit 203 and a high-pressure mixing unit 204, wherein an inlet of the premixing unit 203 is connected with outlets of the liquid CO 2 storage unit 103, the seawater treatment unit 201 and the emulsifier storage unit 202, and an outlet of the premixing unit 203 is connected with an inlet of the high-pressure mixing unit 204 for mixing pretreated seawater, liquid CO 2 and an emulsifier to obtain a CO 2 emulsion; | The CO 2 emulsion storage and injection system 30 comprises a CO 2 emulsion storage unit 301, a high-pressure injection pump 302 and an injection well 303 which are connected in sequence in a pipeline mode, wherein an inlet of the CO 2 emulsion storage unit 301 is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure mixing unit 204, and the CO 2 emulsion is pumped into a seabed target sealing target area. |[0045] In some preferred embodiments, the compression unit 101 is a multi-stage compressor, and the cold source of the cooling unit 102 is low-temperature seawater.|[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the seawater treatment unit 201 comprises a multistage filter, a reverse osmosis desalination system and an automatic pH adjustment module, the premixing unit 203 comprises a premixing pump, a dynamic proportioning valve, a flowmeter and other devices, the emulsifying agent, the seawater and the liquid CO 2 are mixed according to a preset proportion, the high-pressure mixing unit 204 is a high-pressure mixing reactor, and the emulsifying agent, the seawater and the liquid CO 2 are fully mixed by stirring or ultrasonic modes and the like to form stable CO 2 emulsion. The connection and arrangement of the devices in the seawater treatment unit 201, the premixing unit 203 and the high-pressure mixing unit 204 may be performed according to the prior art, and the present invention is not described in detail herein.|[0047] In some preferred embodiments, the CO 2 emulsion storage unit 301 is in a high-pressure tank, maintained at constant temperature (< 25 ℃) and constant pressure (> 6.5 MPa) conditions, the tank is equipped with mechanical stirring means to prevent emulsion breaking.|[0048] In some preferred embodiments, the injection well 303 is a suction barrel surface well construction device or a suction anchor surface well construction device.|[0049] The suction cylinder type (anchor type) surface layer well construction device has the working principle that a CO 2 injection area is selected, a CO 2 injection cylinder is lowered and buckled on the sea floor, the pressure in the cylinder is reduced by removing seawater in the CO 2 injection cylinder, the CO 2 injection cylinder enters the sea floor to a designated depth under the action of internal and external pressure differences and self gravity, and CO 2 emulsion is injected into submarine sediments through the CO 2 injection cylinder by a transportation pipeline at the top of the injection cylinder and a high-pressure injection pump arranged on a drilling ship or a drilling platform.|[0050] Due to the shallow sediment thickness of the target area of the hydrate method CO 2 subsea containment technology, typically 0-200 mbsf, this depends on the inherent thermodynamic stability of the CO 2 hydrate, as well as the limitations of the seabed temperature and subsea geothermal gradient. Therefore, the suction cylinder type (anchor type) surface layer well construction device is adopted, and the problems of high cost, easy damage to a shaft structure, difficult long-term injection and the like of the traditional deep sea well drilling technology are avoided.|[0051] Besides the advantages of simple operation, cost saving and the like. The free movement and re-drilling of the exploitation cylinder can also be realized through the suction cylinder type surface well construction device. In order to avoid sediment pore blocking caused by massive generation of CO 2 hydrate, improve emulsion injection efficiency, solve the problem of slow injection rate of CO 2 emulsion caused by diffusion of CO 2 emulsion in pores, after CO 2 emulsion injection and CO 2 hydrate generation are realized within a certain range, a mining barrel can be moved to a new CO 2 injection area to continue CO 2 emulsion injection and CO 2 sealing by a hydrate method under the action of pulling up an anchor cable system.|[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the carbon dioxide emulsion based hydrate process subsea carbon sequestration system 100 of the present invention further comprises:| The CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 is in communication connection with the premixing unit 203, the high-pressure mixing unit 204 and the CO 2 emulsion storage unit 301, and is used for monitoring the particle size and viscosity of the CO 2 emulsion in real time; | The multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and regulating system 50 is in communication connection with the submarine target sequestration target zone 70 and the high-pressure injection pump 302 and is used for monitoring the stratum temperature and pressure of the submarine target sequestration target zone in real time; | The data acquisition and analysis device 60 is in communication connection with the CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and control system 50, and is configured to acquire detection data of the CO 2 emulsion online detection system 40 and the multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and control system 50, and automatically adjust parameters of the pre-mixing unit 203 and the high-pressure injection pump 302 when fluctuation of data stability is detected. |[0053] In some preferred embodiments, the CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 monitors the particle size and viscosity of the emulsion in real time by laser scattering and rotational viscometer.|[0054] The CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 may directly use a CO 2 emulsion detection device according to the prior art, and the present invention is not described in detail herein.|[0055] In some alternative embodiments, the CO 2 emulsion detection system 40 includes a conductivity meter for analyzing emulsion stability and phase separation behavior, a visual window opening for determining emulsion stratification behavior, a rheometer for analyzing viscosity yield stress, flowability and stability, and an optical microscope for determining emulsion particle size range.|[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the multi-field coupled real-time monitoring and conditioning system 50 includes a temperature detection device, a pressure detection device, a pH detection-CO 2 leak, a CO 2 gas detection device. The connection and arrangement of the devices can be performed according to the prior art, and the present invention will not be described in detail.|[0057] The multi-field coupling real-time monitoring and control system 50 is used for the real-time monitor to evaluate the stability of the CO 2 by the hydrate method. The monitoring parameters comprise the temperature of the stratum at the injection target area, the local temperature sudden rise caused by air pressure compression or CO 2 dissolution due to CO 2 emulsion injection, the temperature fluctuation caused by ocean current disturbance and the like during the CO 2 hydrate sealing period, the pressure at the injection target area, the pressure rise of the bottom layer caused by CO 2 emulsion injection, the occurrence of overpressure in sediment prevention, and the concentration monitoring of CO 2, an earthquake monitoring array, a pressure sensor network and the like.|[0058] According to the invention, through multi-field coupling monitoring data analysis, a CO 2 emulsion injection system instruction is fed back, modes such as CO 2 injection rate and the like are changed, so that phenomena such as temperature jump and overpressure are prevented, and leakage of CO 2 is monitored and prevented.|[0059] The invention is further illustrated by means of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following examples follow conventional methods and conditions.|[0060] Comprehensive example 1a detailed description of the hydrate method CO 2 subsea sequestration technology based on CO 2 emulsion is provided. The main flow and steps of the high technology in example 1 are shown in fig. 3:| the CO 2 carrier transports the CO 2 to the offshore drilling vessel, where the CO 2 supplied by the carrier is pressurized and cooled by the CO 2 pretreatment system of the drilling vessel. Wherein the CO 2 is pressurized by a compression pump to form high-pressure liquid CO 2, and is cooled by seawater circulation. Assuming a cooling temperature of 20 ℃, the CO 2 is pressurized to 8MPa (greater than the pressure of the CO 2 liquefaction at 20 ℃) in this example, and the pressurized and cooled liquid CO 2 is dumped into a liquid CO 2 storage tank for use. |[0061] Pre-storing the CO 2 emulsifier alkyl glycoside into an emulsifier storage tank. The seawater pretreatment device filters and desalts seawater. The treated seawater and liquid CO 2 are injected into a high-pressure mixing reactor by a proportional feed pump according to the volume ratio of 1/1 and the preset concentration of the emulsifier alkyl glycoside of 0.1 to wt percent, and the high-pressure mixing reactor is rapidly stirred to form CO 2 emulsion.|[0062] The droplet size of the CO 2 emulsion in the high-pressure mixing reactor is collected by an in-situ emulsion monitoring device, such as an in-situ laser particle analyzer and other instruments can be used together, the particle size information of the CO 2 emulsion is collected and analyzed by a data acquisition device, the concentration of the emulsifier is regulated by feeding back a signal to a proportional feed pump, and the droplet size of the CO 2 is regulated.|[0063] The droplets of CO 2 are injected into the subsea sediment by a high pressure injection pump, in this example a suction drum device is used to inject the CO 2 emulsion. The CO 2 emulsion displaces the moisture in the pores, so that the CO 2 emulsion fully occupies the original pore space. The liquid CO 2 is used as a dynamic promoter of the CO 2 hydrate and generates a CO 2 hydrate cover layer under the action of high dispersion of CO 2 emulsion drops. The resulting CO 2 hydrate cap layer prevents leakage of CO 2 caused by subsequent CO 2 emulsion injection. The subsequently injected CO 2 emulsion is gradually converted into CO 2 hydrate, so that high hydrate conversion rate and long-term stability sealing are realized.|[0064] Emulsion injection and the sequestration stability of the CO 2 hydrate are monitored in real time by an in-situ multi-field coupling CO 2 monitoring device deployed on the sea floor, and monitoring data are collected and recorded by a data collection device. Parameters such as injection rate, flow and injection pressure of the CO 2 emulsion are fed back and adjusted through real-time monitoring data, and leakage of CO 2 is prevented.|[0065] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a computing device, according to one embodiment of the invention, the particular embodiment of the invention not being limited to a particular implementation of the computing device.|As shown in FIG. 4, the computing device may include a processor 402, a communication interface 404, a memory 406, and a communication bus 408.|Wherein processor 402, communication interface 404, and memory 406 communicate with each other via communication bus 408.|[0066] A communication interface 404 for communicating with network elements of other devices, such as clients or other servers.|[0067] Processor 402 is configured to execute program 410, and may specifically perform the steps associated with the above-described carbon dioxide emulsion-based hydrate process subsea carbon sequestration method.|In particular, program 410 may include program code including computer-operating instructions.|Processor 402 may be a central processing unit, CPU, or a specific integrated circuit ASIC (ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention. The computing device may include one or more processors of the same type, such as one or more CPUs, or of different types, such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.|Memory 406 for storing programs 410. Memory 406 may comprise high-speed RAM memory or may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatilememory), such as at least one disk memory.|[0068] Program 410 may be specifically operable to cause processor 402 to perform a hydrate process subsea carbon sequestration process based on a carbon dioxide emulsion in any of the above-described methods. The specific implementation of each step in the procedure 410 may refer to corresponding descriptions in the corresponding steps and units in the above-mentioned method for sealing subsea carbon by using a hydrate method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, and will not be repeated herein. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the apparatus and modules described above may refer to corresponding procedure descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.|The algorithms or displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for a construction of such a system is apparent from the description above. In addition, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein, and the particular language used above has been presented to disclose a preferred embodiment of the invention|The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.|[0069] In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.|[0070] Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein. | Family Number|(117583766)|117583766|Abstract|(CN121401927 A)|The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide sequestration , and particularly relates to a hydrate method seabed carbon sequestration method and system based on carbon dioxide emulsion . The hydrate method seabed carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion comprises the following steps : compressing CO2 , and cooling to obtain liquid CO2 ; after seawater is filtered , desalted and subjected to pH adjustment , the seawater is mixed with the liquid CO2 and the emulsifier according to the proportion , and CO2 emulsion is obtained ; and pumping the CO2 emulsion into a seabed target sealing target area . By means of the hydrate method CO2 seabed storage technology based on the carbon dioxide emulsion , the CO2 injection efficiency , the hydrate conversion rate and the storage stability are comprehensively improved , meanwhile , environment friendliness and long - term safety are considered , and reliable technical support is provided for large - scale application of the ocean carbon storage technology . |Title|(CN121401927 A)|Hydrate - method seabed carbon sequestration method and system based on carbon dioxide emulsion | | Chemical engineering|Materials, metallurgy | Y02C-020/40 | Y02C-020/40 | B01F-023/40|B01F-023/70|B01F-033/80|B01F-033/82|B01F-035/21|B01F-035/213|B01F-035/83|B01F-101/25|C01B-032/50|F25J-001/02 | B01F-023/40|B01F-023/70|B01F-033/80|B01F-033/82|B01F-035/21|B01F-035/213|B01F-035/83|B01F-101/25|C01B-032/50|F25J-001/02 | PENDING | (CN121401927)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN121401927)|ALIVE | (CN121401927)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN121401927|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-11-14|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-11-14|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202511674728|Application date=2025-11-14|Standardized application number=2025CN-1674728|Event publication date=2026-01-27|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN121401927|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2026-01-27|Standardized publication number=CN121401927|Event publication date=2026-01-27|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2026-02-13|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN121401927)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKcwBJUm/akM0Ffn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000080588362&ekey=1880&xpn=CN121401927&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=YfyWBIFluP%252Bzm0kkAJZYLpNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN121401927)|CN | (CN121401927)|NAME=CNOOC - CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION , COUNTRY=CN | (CN121401927)|NAME=GAO WEIJING;HYLANDS LAW FIRM , REG=11276 | (CN121401927)|CN | (CN121401927)|NAME=REN LIANGLIANG, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=GENG TIE|NAME=XU BOTAO|NAME=LI HUAIKE|NAME=GUO LEI | Titre: (CN121401927)|Hydrate-method seabed carbon sequestration method and system based on carbon dioxide emulsion Résumé: (CN121401927)|The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide sequestration, and particularly relates to a hydrate method seabed carbon sequestration method and system based on carbon dioxide emulsion. The hydrate method seabed carbon sequestration method based on the carbon dioxide emulsion comprises the following steps: compressing CO2, and cooling to obtain liquid CO2; after seawater is filtered, desalted and subjected to pH adjustment, the seawater is mixed with the liquid CO2 and the emulsifier according to the proportion, and CO2 emulsion is obtained; and pumping the CO2 emulsion into a seabed target sealing target area. By means of the hydrate method CO2 seabed storage technology based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, the CO2 injection efficiency, the hydrate conversion rate and the storage stability are comprehensively improved, meanwhile, environment friendliness and long-term safety are considered, and reliable technical support is provided for large-scale application of the ocean carbon storage technology. | 27.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a method for carbon sequestration using CO2 emulsion and does not mention ocean fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN121401927)|2 | (CN121401927)|11 | (CN121401927)|13 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN121401927)|4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN121401927)|Number of Claims: NCL=13|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2026-01-27|Gazette number: GAZNUM=42-0501|Substantial examination effective date: 20260213|Number of Pages: NPAGES=13| | (CN121401927)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN121401927)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 39 | CN202410873244 | CN202410873244 | CN121269912 | 117309228 | CN121269912 A 2026-01-06 [CN121269912] | 2024-07-01 | 2024-07-01 | 2026-01-06 | (CN121269912)|2044-07-01 | (CN121269912)|Seawater carbon sequestration system and method | (CN121269912)|The invention relates to the field of seawater resource utilization and carbon sequestration, and provides a seawater carbon sequestration system and method. The system comprises a unit I and a unit II, the unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO2 absorption device and is used for producing alkali and absorbing CO2; the unit II comprises a mixing reactor and a solid-liquid separator and is used for treating seawater and water produced by the unit I; the method comprises the following steps: (1) in a CO2 absorption device, absorbing CO2 by using an alkali chamber solution or a salt chamber solution, and returning to a corresponding solution storage device; (2) discharging part of water produced by the unit I into the sea, mixing the rest water with seawater, and feeding the mixture into a solid-liquid separator; (3) separating solid precipitates and unit II produced water from the solid-liquid separator; (4) discharging part of water produced by the unit II to the sea, and returning the rest water to a salt chamber of the bipolar membrane device; wherein the salt chamber solution obtains carbonate, bicarbonate and/or hydroxide ions from the alkali chamber solution. According to the method, seawater does not need to be pretreated, calcium and magnesium can be utilized for carbon sequestration, and carbonate-rich saline water is output to the ocean for carbon sequestration. | CHINA ENERGY INVESTMENT|NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CLEAN & LOW CARBON ENERGY | (CN121269912)|CHINA ENERGY INVESTMENT CORPORATION LIMITED ([CN])|NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CLEAN-AND-LOW-CARBON ENERGY | WANG WEI|LIU JIE|XIONG RIHUA | (CN121269912)|WANG WEI|LIU JIE|XIONG RIHUA | (CN121269912)|HU TINGTING;SINO-CREATIVITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW FIRM|Reg. Nb: 11728|CHEN YUEJUN;SINO-CREATIVITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW FIRM|Reg. Nb: 11728 | (CN121269912)|Further, when the ratio is too large, the seawater treatment capacity of the whole seawater carbon sequestration system is limited, and when the ratio is too small, ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the unit II produced water are too high, CO _32- is too low, and scaling or fouling is easily generated when the unit II returns to the unit I.|However, this solution has the disadvantage of a relatively low carbon sequestration, and a carbon sequestration of only 0.44kg per ton of sea water for all precipitated carbon sequestration, and the current density and CO _32- concentration at which the solution operates are maintained at very low levels, resulting in low carbon sequestration efficiency and large plant scale in practical applications.|However, this solution has the disadvantage that the use of seawater is softened seawater, and the softening process requires complicated procedures, resulting in higher costs, and in addition, the salt content of the seawater after carbon fixation is significantly reduced.| | (CN121269912)|1. A seawater carbon sequestration system, characterized in that it comprises a unit I and a unit II, wherein,The unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO 2 absorption device; The bipolar membrane device comprises a membrane stack and a solution storage facility, wherein the membrane stack comprises a bipolar membrane and an ion exchange membrane, and a fluid flow passage between the bipolar membrane and the ion exchange membrane is divided into a polar chamber, an acid chamber, an alkali chamber and a salt chamber; The solution storage facility comprises solution storage devices of all chambers which are respectively communicated with the polar chamber, the acid chamber, the alkali chamber and the salt chamber, and the solution storage devices of all chambers are respectively communicated with the bipolar membrane device to form a circulation loop; The alkali chamber solution storage device and/or the salt chamber solution storage device of the unit I are/is connected with the CO 2 absorption device; the unit II comprises a mixing reactor and a solid-liquid separator along the material flow direction; The mixing reactor receives water produced by the salt chamber of the unit I and is mixed with seawater to obtain mixed liquid; The solid-liquid separator separates the mixed liquid into solid precipitate and water produced by the unit II, and sends all or part of the water produced by the unit II back to the salt chamber of the unit I. | | (CN121269912)|The invention relates to the field of seawater resource utilization and carbon fixation, and provides a seawater carbon fixation system and method.|The invention relates to the technical field of seawater resource utilization and mineralization carbon fixation, in particular to a seawater carbon fixation system and method.|The second aspect of the invention provides a method for carrying out seawater carbon sequestration by using the system, which comprises the following steps:| | (CN121269912)|SEAWATER CARBON FIXING(100,6)|SEAWATER RESOURCE UTILIZATION(99,2)|BIPOLAR MEMBRANE(92,48)|SEAWATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(84,20)|SEAWATER TON(49,1)|SEAWATER TREATMENT(47,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(45,29)|SEAWATER CARBON FIXATION(45,3)|MIXED REACTOR(41,15)|SALT CHAMBER(40,27)|SEAWATER SALT CONTENT(39,1)|POLAR CHAMBER(38,8)|MINERALIZATION CARBON FIXATION(35,1)|MEMBRANE STACK(34,7)|ALKALI CHAMBER(33,16)|SEAWATER(32,49)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION PRECIPITATION(32,1)|ALKALI CHAMBER SOLUTION(31,17)|ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE(28,6)|CARBON FIXATION(27,30)|SALT COMPARTMENT SOLUTION(26,18)|SOLUTION STORAGE FACILITY(26,6)|CIRCULATION LOOP(26,3)|SEAWATER RESOURCE UTILIZATION FIELD(26,1)|ACID CHAMBER(25,8)|SOLID LIQUID SEPARATOR(23,17)|BIPOLAR MEMBRANE ELECTRODIALYSIS(23,6)|SALT CONTENT(23,1)|SOLID PRECIPITATE(21,10)|PACKED BED ROTATION(21,2)|SEPARATING SOLID PRECIPITATE(21,1)|SALT CHAMBER SOLUTION(20,19)|MIXED LIQUID(20,9)|FOULING(20,1)|BASE GENERATION(19,1)|OUTPUT CARBONATE RICH BRINE(19,1)|SCALING(18,1)|COMPARTMENT SOLUTION STORAGE(17,5)|SIEVE TRAY COLUMN(17,2)|MIXED LIQUOR(16,5)|SOFTENING(15,1)|ION EXCHANGE(14,6)|LOW CARBON SEQUESTRATION(14,3)|INPUT SEAWATER(13,4)|BICARBONATE ION(13,1)|ACID CHAMBER SOLUTION(12,13)|BASE COMPARTMENT SOLUTION(12,9)|NAOH SOLUTION(12,4)|LARGE PLANT SCALE(12,1)|HYDROXYL ION(11,1)|NAHCO(10,3)|GAS LIQUID JET MIXER(9,2)|PACKED COLUMN(9,2)|SEA DISCHARGING(9,2)|ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE(8,5)|NATURAL SEAWATER(8,3)|CLARIFICATION TANK(8,2)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(8,2)|SEAWATER SOLUBLE INORGANIC CARBON(8,2)|SEAWATER DECALCIFICATION(8,1)|ABSORPTION SOLUTION(7,6)|HYDROXIDE ION(7,3)|BIPOLAR MEMBRANE THROUGHPUT(7,1)|GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION(7,1)|SEAWATER MINERALIZATION CARBON FIXATION(7,1)|CURRENT DENSITY(6,10)|ABSORBER(6,7)|ABSORPTION REACTION(6,5)|ABSORPTION UNIT(6,4)|ALKALINE COMPARTMENT SOLUTION PH(6,3)|COMPARTMENT BASE SOLUTION STORAGE(6,3)|FLUID FLOW PASSAGE(6,3)|HYDROCHLORIC ACID(6,3)|CALCIUM MAGNESIUM ION(6,2)|DILUTE SULFURIC ACID(6,2)|MAGNESIUM PRECIPITATE(6,2)|MEMBRANE SCALING(6,2)|SALT COMPARTMENT FOULING(6,1)|SEAWATER CIRCULATION(6,1)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION PLANT(6,1)|SEAWATER SUPERNATANT(6,1)|SIMULATED SEAWATER(6,1)|SOLUTION STORAGE DEVICE(5,8)|CHAMBER SOLUTION STORAGE DEVICE(5,6)|ALKALINE SOLUTION(5,4)|MIXING REACTION(5,3)|CARBON FIXATION SEDIMENT(5,2)|SEAWATER COMPONENT(5,2)|BIPOLAR MEMBRANE SCALE(5,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|CCUS KEY LINK(5,1)|CRYSTALIZATION PRECIPITATION(5,1)|SEDIMENT EXISTENCE(5,1)|ACID COMPARTMENT SOLUTION(4,2)|CARRYING OUT SEAWATER(4,2)|FIXING CARBON(4,2)|SEDIMENTATION(4,2)|ANIONIC MEMBRANE(4,1)|BIPOLAR MEMBRANE ALKALI PRODUCTION(4,1)|CARBONATE RICH SEAWATER(4,1)|CO2 ABSORPTION(4,1)|CONVERTING STANDPOINT(4,1)|HCO CONTENT(4,1)|HUNDRED MILLION TON(4,1)|IMPLEMENTATION DIFFICULTY(4,1)|MIXING REACTOR INLET(4,1)|RICH SOLUBLE INORGANIC CARBON(4,1)|SEA DISCHARGE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|SEAWATER CARBON FIXATION CAPACITY(4,1)|SODIUM RESOURCE(4,1)|FLUID FLOW(3,3)|MIXED SOLUTION(3,3)|ALKALINE CHAMBER SOLUTION CIRCULATION(3,1)|BRINE CONCENTRATION OUTPUT(3,1)|CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(3,1)|KCL CONTENT(3,1)|MAGNESIUM CARBONATE HYDRATION(3,1)|NACL CONTENT(3,1)|NACO SOLUTION(3,1)|POLAR CHAMBER SOLUTION RESERVOIR(3,1)|SALT COMPARTMENT SOLUTION CIRCULATION(3,1)|SALT COMPARTMENT SOLUTION PH(3,1)|SEA DISCHARGE AREA SEAWATER(3,1)|SEAGOING CARBON SOLID(3,1)|SOLIDIFYING CARBON(3,1)|SUBSURFACE GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE(3,1)|ALKALI CHAMBER SOLUTION CIRCULATION(2,1)|ALKALI ROOM SOLUTION(2,1)|ALKALINE ROOM SOLUTION PH(2,1)|BRINE OUTPUT(2,1)|BRINGING CAPTURED CARBON BACK(2,1)| | (CN121269912)|1. A seawater carbon sequestration system, characterized in that it comprises a unit I and a unit II, wherein,|The unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO 2 absorption device;| The bipolar membrane device comprises a membrane stack and a solution storage facility, wherein the membrane stack comprises a bipolar membrane and an ion exchange membrane, and a fluid flow passage between the bipolar membrane and the ion exchange membrane is divided into a polar chamber, an acid chamber, an alkali chamber and a salt chamber; | The solution storage facility comprises solution storage devices of all chambers which are respectively communicated with the polar chamber, the acid chamber, the alkali chamber and the salt chamber, and the solution storage devices of all chambers are respectively communicated with the bipolar membrane device to form a circulation loop; | The alkali chamber solution storage device and/or the salt chamber solution storage device of the unit I are/is connected with the CO 2 absorption device; | the unit II comprises a mixing reactor and a solid-liquid separator along the material flow direction; | The mixing reactor receives water produced by the salt chamber of the unit I and is mixed with seawater to obtain mixed liquid; | The solid-liquid separator separates the mixed liquid into solid precipitate and water produced by the unit II, and sends all or part of the water produced by the unit II back to the salt chamber of the unit I. |2. The seawater carbon sequestration system of claim 1, wherein the base compartment solution storage means is connected to the CO 2 absorption means or the base compartment solution and salt compartment solution storage means are simultaneously connected to the CO 2 absorption means.|3. The seawater carbon sequestration system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the membrane group configuration within the membrane stack is bipolar membrane-anion exchange membrane-bipolar membrane.|4. A seawater carbon sequestration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polar chamber solution in the polar chamber is a solution of NaOH, naNO 3、Na2SO4、K3[Fe(CN)6 ] or K 4[Fe(CN)6 ];| The acid chamber solution in the acid chamber contains dilute hydrochloric acid and/or dilute sulfuric acid, and the concentration of H + in the acid chamber solution is 0.05-2mol/L; | The alkali chamber solution in the alkali chamber is selected from NaOH and Na 2CO3、NaHCO3, and the pH value of the alkali chamber solution is 6.5-12. |5. The seawater carbon sequestration system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the CO 2 absorption unit is selected from at least one of a packed column, a sieve tray column, a rotating packed bed, a gas-liquid jet mixer.|6. A seawater carbon sequestration process using a seawater carbon sequestration system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:| (1) In the CO 2 absorption unit, an alkaline compartment solution and/or a salt compartment solution, preferably an alkaline compartment solution, or preferably both an alkaline compartment solution and a salt compartment solution are used to absorb CO 2 and then returned to the corresponding solution storage unit; | (2) The salt room solution storage device outputs unit I to produce water, part of the unit I produces water to be discharged from the sea, the rest part of the unit I is sent to the mixing reactor to be mixed with externally input seawater, and the obtained mixed liquid is discharged into the solid-liquid separator; | (3) Separating the mixed liquor into unit II produced water and a solid precipitate in a solid-liquid separator; | (4) A part of the water produced by the unit II is discharged from the sea, and the rest is returned to a salt chamber of the bipolar membrane device, |The salt compartment solution obtains carbonate, bicarbonate and/or hydroxide ions from the base compartment solution.|7. The method for carbon sequestration of seawater according to claim 6, wherein in step (1), the content of Ca 2+ is not more than 1mmol/L, mg 2+ and not more than 30mmol/L, CO 32- is 50-400mmol/L, pH and the value is 8.5-11.|8. The method for carbon sequestration in seawater according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in step (3), the content of Ca 2+ is not more than 1mmol/L, mg 2+ is not more than 30mmol/L, CO 32- and the content of 20-200mmol/L, pH is 8-10.5.|9. The method for carbon sequestration of seawater according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the flow rate of water produced by unit I is denoted q1, the flow rate of water produced by unit II is denoted q2, the flow rate of water produced by unit II is denoted q3, and the ratio of (q 3-q 1) to (q1+q2) is 0.2-2, preferably 0.5-1.|10. A seawater carbon sequestration process as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the bipolar membrane apparatus operates at a current density of 25-2000A/m 2. | (CN121269912)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seawater resource utilization and mineralization carbon fixation, in particular to a seawater carbon fixation system and method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Carbon capture and sequestration (CCUS) is an important technology for achieving carbon neutralization goals and coping with climate change in countries around the world including china, and sequestration are a key link of CCUS. The term "sequestration" is used to refer to geological sequestration of carbon dioxide, in which the captured carbon dioxide is directly injected into the subsurface geologic structure by engineering techniques, and sequestered in the geologic body by a series of physical tethering, dissolving and mineralizing actions of the rock. The sealing and storing needs complete construction, detailed geological exploration, long-distance transportation and other conditions, the implementation difficulty is high, and the carbon dioxide leakage risk exists.|[0003] Considering that the seawater contains about 400Mg/L of Ca 2+ and about 1300Mg/L of Mg 2+, the seawater can be used as a carbon fixation carrier, the potential of carbon fixation can reach 4.0 multiplied by 10 7 hundred million tons, and the seawater mineralization carbon fixation technology has wide prospect and is expected to be an effective way for realizing the carbon fixation target of carbon sources such as coastal thermal power plants.|[0004] CN112675709A discloses a bipolar membrane electrodialysis device and a bipolar membrane electrodialysis method for preparing an alkali concentrated solution by seawater carbon sequestration, and the device and the method are characterized in that partial sodium resources in the seawater and CO 2 are utilized for producing alkali and sequestration, the concentration of the obtained sodium bicarbonate solution is more than or equal to 800mmol/L, and the carbon sequestration rate is more than or equal to 30%. However, this solution has the disadvantage that the use of seawater is softened seawater, and the softening process requires complicated procedures, resulting in higher costs, and in addition, the salt content of the seawater after carbon fixation is significantly reduced.|[0005] CN 110038440B discloses a bipolar membrane electrodialysis device and method for decalcification of seawater, which are characterized in that the risk of membrane scaling is reduced by technical means such as bipolar membrane-cathode membrane bipolar membrane stack structure, crystallization precipitation outside the membrane, pH control of an alkali chamber and a salt chamber at about 8, and carbon fixation is realized by utilizing precipitation of Ca 2+ in seawater. However, this solution has the disadvantage of a relatively low carbon sequestration, and a carbon sequestration of only 0.44kg per ton of sea water for all precipitated carbon sequestration, and the current density and CO 32- concentration at which the solution operates are maintained at very low levels, resulting in low carbon sequestration efficiency and large plant scale in practical applications.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The invention aims to solve the problems of low carbon sequestration amount and complex process in the background technology, and provides a seawater carbon sequestration system and method.|[0007] In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a seawater carbon sequestration system, the system comprising a unit I and a unit II, wherein,|[0008] The unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO 2 absorption device;|[0009] The bipolar membrane device comprises a membrane stack and a solution storage facility, wherein the membrane stack comprises a bipolar membrane and an ion exchange membrane, and a fluid flow passage between the bipolar membrane and the ion exchange membrane is divided into a polar chamber, an acid chamber, an alkali chamber and a salt chamber; |[0010] The solution storage facility comprises solution storage devices of all chambers which are respectively communicated with the polar chamber, the acid chamber, the alkali chamber and the salt chamber, and the solution storage devices of all chambers are respectively communicated with the bipolar membrane device to form a circulation loop; |[0011] The alkali chamber solution storage device and/or the salt chamber solution storage device of the unit I are/is connected with the CO 2 absorption device, preferably the alkali chamber solution storage device is connected with the CO 2 absorption device, or preferably the alkali chamber solution and the salt chamber solution storage device are simultaneously connected with the CO 2 absorption device; |[0012] the unit II comprises a mixing reactor and a solid-liquid separator along the material flow direction; |[0013] The mixing reactor receives water produced by the salt chamber of the unit I and is mixed with seawater to obtain mixed liquid; |[0014] The solid-liquid separator separates the mixed liquid into solid precipitate and water produced by the unit II, and sends all or part of the water produced by the unit II back to the salt chamber of the unit I. |[0015] The second aspect of the invention provides a method for carrying out seawater carbon sequestration by using the system, which comprises the following steps:|[0016] (1) In the CO 2 absorption unit, an alkaline or salt compartment solution, preferably an alkaline compartment solution, or preferably both an alkaline compartment solution and a salt compartment solution are used to absorb CO 2 and return to the corresponding solution storage unit; |[0017] (2) The salt room solution storage device outputs unit I to produce water, part of the unit I produces water to be discharged from the sea, the rest part of the unit I is sent to the mixing reactor to be mixed with externally input seawater, and the obtained mixed liquid is discharged into the solid-liquid separator; |[0018] (3) Separating the mixed liquor into unit II produced water and a solid precipitate in a solid-liquid separator; |[0019] (4) A part of the water produced by the unit II is discharged from the sea, and the rest is returned to a salt chamber of the bipolar membrane device, |[0020] The salt compartment solution obtains carbonate, bicarbonate and/or hydroxide ions from the base compartment solution.|[0021] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:|[0022] 1. The seawater carbon fixing system of the invention carries out seawater carbon fixing in two ways, firstly, calcium and magnesium ions in seawater react with soluble inorganic carbon (carbonate and bicarbonate) in water produced by a unit I to generate calcium and magnesium precipitates, the utilization rate of the calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater treated in the way can reach more than 70 percent, and the carbon fixing amount through the calcium and magnesium precipitates can reach more than 2kg/m 3. And secondly, part of the unit I water and unit II water discharged into the sea also contain rich soluble inorganic carbon, ca 2+ in seawater in a wider area is further utilized for carbon fixation after the sea is discharged, the carbon fixation amount of the unit II water in each row of 1t can reach 4kg or more, and the carbon fixation amount of the unit I water in each row of 1t can reach 8kg or more. The capacity of the seawater carbon fixation in the invention is greatly increased through the two modes. |[0023] 2. The seawater carbon fixing system is simple and efficient, does not need to pretreat seawater, does not need to collect and concentrate carbon dioxide, does not need to add chemical reagents as an alkali source, and directly introduces seawater into the system, on one hand, is used as a calcium-magnesium ion source for fixing carbon, on the other hand, is used as a soluble inorganic carbon carrier for bringing the captured carbon back to the sea for further fixing carbon, and OH - generated by a bipolar membrane in the system is used as an alkali source for capturing CO 2, so that carbon dioxide in incoming gas with any concentration can be converted into soluble inorganic carbon and then transferred into seawater. The main input quantity of the system only comprises seawater and electricity, and the main components and properties of the seawater after carbon fixation are not obviously changed, so that the seawater can be directly discharged back to the sea.|[0024] 3. In the seawater carbon fixing method, the calcium and magnesium ions in the water produced by the unit I and the water produced by the unit II are kept at a certain equilibrium concentration with CO 32, so that the pH value, the current density and the concentration of CO 32 in a bipolar membrane device are not required to be controlled at a low level to prevent membrane pollution, the current density of the seawater carbon fixing system can be operated to be hundreds or even more than 1000A/m 2, and the sectional arrangement of firstly removing calcium and then removing magnesium is not required, and calcium and magnesium can be simultaneously used for carbon fixing and outputting carbonate-rich brine to ocean for further carbon fixing by one-step treatment.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a seawater carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention;|[0026] FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a unit I in a seawater carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention; |[0027] fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a unit II in the seawater carbon sequestration system according to the embodiment of the present invention. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0029] It is to be readily understood that, according to the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art may replace various structural modes and implementation modes with each other without changing the true spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, the following detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed.|[0030] The first aspect of the invention provides a seawater carbon sequestration system comprising unit I and unit II.|[0031] The unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO 2 absorption device, and is used for bipolar membrane alkali production and CO 2 absorption;|[0032] In some embodiments, the bipolar membrane device comprises a membrane stack and a solution storage facility, wherein the membrane stack comprises a bipolar membrane and an ion exchange membrane, and a fluid flow passage between the bipolar membrane and the ion exchange membrane is divided into a polar chamber, an acid chamber, an alkali chamber and a salt chamber. |[0033] Further, the membrane group configuration in the membrane stack is bipolar membrane-anion exchange membrane-bipolar membrane;|[0034] further, the bipolar membrane device comprises at least 1 bipolar membrane. |[0035] In some embodiments, the solution storage facility includes respective chamber solution storage devices (i.e., a polar chamber solution storage device, an acid chamber solution storage device, an alkali chamber solution storage device, a salt chamber solution storage device) in communication with the polar chamber, the acid chamber, the alkali chamber, and the salt chamber, respectively, the respective chamber solution storage devices being in communication with the bipolar membrane device to form a circulation loop.|[0036] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the bipolar membrane has a negative side and a positive side, and in the membrane stack configuration used in the present invention, the flow path between the two anionic membranes is a salt chamber (i.e., a chamber through which the salt chamber solution flows), the flow path between the positive side of the bipolar membrane and the anionic membrane adjacent thereto is an acid chamber (i.e., a chamber through which the acid chamber solution flows), and the flow path between the negative side of the bipolar membrane and the anionic membrane adjacent thereto is an alkali chamber (i.e., a chamber through which the alkali chamber solution flows).|[0037] In some embodiments, the polar chamber is in communication with a polar chamber solution storage device such that the polar chamber solution circulates between the bipolar membrane device and the polar chamber solution storage device.|[0038] Further, the polar chamber solution is a solution of NaOH, naNO 3、Na2SO4、K3[Fe(CN)6 or K 4[Fe(CN)6.|[0039] In some embodiments, the acid chamber is in communication with an acid chamber solution storage device such that the acid chamber solution circulates between the bipolar membrane device and the acid chamber solution storage device.|[0040] Further, the acid chamber solution storage device also receives external water, dilute acid solution or seawater, and discharges the acid chamber solution containing hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid to the outside.|[0041] Further, the acid chamber solution contains dilute hydrochloric acid and/or dilute sulfuric acid under a steady state, and the concentration of H + in the acid chamber solution is 0.05-2mol/L;|[0042] further, H + in the acid compartment solution is generated by the bipolar membrane, and Cl - or SO 42- in the acid compartment solution migrates from the salt compartment. |[0043] In some embodiments, the base chamber is in communication with a base chamber solution storage device such that base chamber solution circulates between the bipolar membrane device and the base chamber solution storage device;|[0044] Further, the alkali chamber solution storage device is connected with a CO 2 absorption device, and the CO 2 absorption device is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet of CO 2 gas; |[0045] further, the alkali chamber solution is a solution of NaOH and Na 2CO3、NaHCO3, and the pH value of the alkali chamber solution is controlled to be 6.5-12; |[0046] In some embodiments, the material flow process between the alkaline chamber solution storage device, the alkaline chamber and the CO 2 absorption device occurs in such a way that CO 2 gas enters the CO 2 absorption device and is subjected to absorption reaction with OH - in the alkaline chamber solution which is simultaneously entered, so as to generate mixed solution containing CO 32- and HCO 3-, and the mixed solution is returned to the alkaline chamber solution storage device for solution circulation of the alkaline chamber. Meanwhile, under the action of an electric field, the alkali chamber solution obtains OH - in the alkali chamber and transfers CO 32-、HCO3- and OH - into the salt chamber through the anion exchange membrane in the alkali chamber to become a part of the salt chamber solution. |[0047] That is, OH - in the base compartment solution is produced by bipolar membrane electrodialysis in the membrane stack, CO 32- and HCO 3- in the base compartment solution are produced by the absorption reaction of OH - and CO 2, the OH -、CO32- and HCO 3- are continuously produced and continuously migrate to the salt compartment, and the base compartment solution as a whole maintains the steady state equilibrium of CO 32-、HCO3- and OH-.|[0048] In some embodiments, the salt chamber is in communication with a salt chamber solution storage device such that salt chamber solution circulates between the bipolar membrane device and the polar chamber solution reservoir;|[0049] Further, the salt chamber storage device is provided with an inlet for water produced by the unit II. |[0050] Further, the salt room solution storage device is provided with a unit I water outlet which is connected with the mixing reactor of the unit II.|[0051] Further, the salt room solution storage device is connected with the CO 2 absorption device, namely salt room solution can be selected as absorption solution to enter the CO 2 absorption device;|[0052] in some embodiments, the salt chamber receives part or all of the unit II produced water, which is converted to unit I produced water by a bipolar membrane device; |[0053] Further, a part of the water produced by the unit I is recycled as a salt room solution, and the other part is output as carbonate-rich brine. |[0054] In some embodiments, a material flow process occurs between the salt compartment solution storage device, the salt compartment and the CO 2 absorber device, wherein CO 2 gas enters the CO 2 absorber device and reacts with OH - in the salt compartment solution entering simultaneously to generate CO 32- and HCO 3-, and then the CO 32- and HCO 3- are returned to the salt compartment solution storage device to participate in the solution circulation of the salt compartment. Meanwhile, under the action of an electric field, the alkali chamber solution obtains OH - in the alkali chamber and transfers OH - to the salt chamber through the anion exchange membrane in the alkali chamber, so that OH - becomes a part of the salt chamber solution.|[0055] That is, OH - in the base compartment solution is produced by bipolar membrane electrodialysis in the membrane stack, transferred through the anionic membrane to the salt compartment solution, CO 32- and HCO 3- in the salt compartment solution are produced by the absorption reaction of OH - with CO 2, and the salt compartment solution as a whole maintains the steady state equilibrium of CO 32-、HCO3- and OH -.|[0056] In some embodiments, the unit I has a base compartment solution storage means and/or a salt compartment solution storage means connected to the CO 2 absorption means, preferably the base compartment solution storage means is connected to the CO 2 absorption means, or preferably the base compartment solution and salt compartment solution storage means are connected to the CO 2 absorption means simultaneously;|[0057] The inventor finds that the connection selection of the CO 2 absorption device (namely that the absorption solution is an alkaline chamber solution or a salt chamber solution) has an important influence on the seawater carbon sequestration system. Specifically: |[0058] Under the action of an electric field, anions can be continuously migrated to the salt chamber by the alkali chamber, if the CO 2 absorption device is only connected with the salt chamber solution storage device (namely, the salt chamber solution is taken as an absorption solution), OH - obtained by the alkali chamber is not converted into CO 32- and HCO 3-, the OH - is migrated to the salt chamber, the concentration of Mg 2+ in the salt chamber solution is higher, and the Mg 2+ can be contacted with the migrated OH - on the surface of the membrane, so that the risk of membrane scaling is increased. |[0059] However, if the CO 2 absorber is connected to the alkaline solution storage device (i.e. the alkaline solution is used as the absorbing solution), the OH - in the alkaline solution will be mainly reacted with the CO 2 in the absorber to be converted into CO 32- and HCO 3-, the pH of the alkaline solution can be controlled, the alkaline solution mainly migrates CO 32- and HCO 3- to the salt chamber, and the risk of scaling the membrane surface is low.|[0060] In summary, the CO 2 absorber is preferably connected to the alkaline solution storage device, or two sets of CO 2 absorbers are respectively connected to the alkaline solution storage device and the salt solution storage device.|[0061] In some embodiments, the CO 2 absorber is selected from at least one of a packed column, a sieve tray column, a rotating packed bed, a gas-liquid jet mixer.|[0062] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the flow of material within the salt compartment solution storage means primarily comprises three paths, firstly, it maintains a substantial circulation flow ① with the salt compartment, secondly, it receives produced water ② from unit II, and finally, it outputs produced water ③ from unit I. It is noted that the flow rate of the circulating flow ① is significantly greater than the flow rates of the produced water ② of unit II and the produced water ③ of the output unit I, and the flow rates of the produced water ② of the receiving unit II and the produced water ③ of the output unit I are equal. The flow mode ensures that the inside of the salt chamber solution storage device maintains a dynamic balance state, and ensures that the content of each ion is kept stable, thereby ensuring the water quality stability of the water produced by the unit I. Meanwhile, the water quality difference between unit II produced water ② and unit I produced water ③ is mainly supplemented and adjusted by the circulation flow ① in the salt compartment.|[0063] In some embodiments, the unit I further comprises a power supply, control facilities, material transfer piping and pumps of bipolar membrane electrodialysis systems known in the art, which are not described too much.|[0064] Furthermore, the circulating flow rates of the salt chamber solution, the polar chamber solution, the acid chamber solution and the alkali chamber solution can reach the known bipolar membrane operation requirement, for example, the circulating flow rate of the salt chamber solution enables the membrane surface material flow rate to be 1-10cm/s.|[0065] In some embodiments, the unit II is a mixing reaction and separation unit comprising a mixing reactor and a solid-liquid separator along the material flow direction, the unit II is configured to receive the water produced by the unit I (salt compartment) and to mix the water produced by the unit I with seawater to convert the seawater into the water produced by the unit II and a solid precipitate.|[0066] In some embodiments, the mixing reactor is configured to receive produced water from unit I and mix it with seawater to obtain a mixed liquor;|[0067] Further, the inlet of the mixing reactor is communicated with the unit I water outlet of the salt chamber solution storage tank. |[0068] In some embodiments, the solid-liquid separator is used to separate the mixed liquor into a solid precipitate and unit II produced water;|[0069] further, a water outlet of the unit II of the solid-liquid separator is communicated with a water inlet of the unit II of the salt chamber, so that the seawater circulation in the system is realized. |[0070] The second aspect of the invention provides a method for carrying out seawater carbon sequestration by using the system, which comprises the following steps:|[0071] (1) In the CO 2 absorption unit, an alkaline or salt compartment solution, preferably an alkaline compartment solution, or preferably both an alkaline compartment solution and a salt compartment solution are used to absorb CO 2 and return to the corresponding solution storage unit; |[0072] (2) The salt room solution storage device outputs unit I to produce water, part of the unit I produces water to be discharged from the sea, the rest part of the unit I is sent to the mixing reactor to be mixed with externally input seawater, and the obtained mixed liquid is discharged into the solid-liquid separator; |[0073] (3) Separating the mixed liquor into unit II produced water and a solid precipitate in a solid-liquid separator; |[0074] (4) A part of the water produced by the unit II is discharged from the sea, and the rest is returned to a salt chamber of the bipolar membrane device, |[0075] The salt compartment solution obtains carbonate, bicarbonate and/or hydroxide ions from the base compartment solution.|[0076] In some embodiments, in step (1), the CO 2 gas is a CO 2 -containing gas, and the source may be captured high-concentration CO 2, CO 2 -containing industrial flue gas, air, and CO 2 -containing gas configured, and the like.|[0077] Further, the CO 2 gas is introduced in an amount that is related to the scale of the bipolar membrane device and is reflected in the pH of the base and salt compartment solutions. Therefore, the pH of the alkaline compartment solution and the salt compartment solution is used to determine whether the CO 2 gas is properly introduced.|[0078] Further, the bipolar membrane device has a current density of 25-2000A/m 2 when operated. The magnitude of this current density directly determines the rate of alkaline production of the bipolar membrane device, thereby further affecting the pH of the unit I produced water and ultimately determining the quality of the unit I produced water.|[0079] Further, the pH value of the alkaline chamber solution is controlled to be 6.5-12.|[0080] Further, the pH of the alkaline compartment solution may be preferred by the higher the pH, the better from the standpoint of converting CO 2 to CO 32- as much as possible rather than HCO 3-, and the lower the pH, the better from the standpoint of controlling fouling of the salt compartment. Thus, the pH control ranges of the alkali chamber and the salt chamber are suitable ranges for both aspects.|[0081] Similarly, the pH of the salt compartment solution is controlled to be 8-10.5.|[0082] In some embodiments, in step (1), the main components of the unit I produced water are substantially identical to natural seawater, except that the content of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ is lower and the content of CO 32- is higher, referred to as carbonate-rich seawater (also a salt compartment solution that has absorbed CO 2 for recycling);|[0083] further, in the water produced by the unit I, |[0084] The content of Ca 2+ is less than or equal to 1mmol/L, preferably 0.1-0.6mmol/L;|[0085] The content of Mg 2+ is less than or equal to 30mmol/L, preferably 10-20mmol/L; |[0086] The content of CO 32- is 50-400mmol/L, preferably 100-200mmol/L; |[0087] The pH is 8.5-11, preferably 9.5-10.5. |[0088] In some embodiments, in step (2), the seawater may be natural seawater or simulated seawater, or may be concentrated seawater or industrial concentrated brine output from a seawater desalination plant, and the main components of the seawater include well-known NaCl, naNO 3、Na2SO4, KCl, etc., and the seawater components and contents of different areas are different.|[0089] In the step (2), when the sea discharge is not required, the mixed liquid can be directly discharged into the sea, so that the solid-liquid separation scale in the step (3) can be reduced.|[0090] In some embodiments, in step (3), the unit II produced water is substantially identical in major components to natural seawater, except that its Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents are lower than seawater, and the CO 32- content is higher than seawater, referred to as seawater supernatant. But the CO 32- content is still higher, so that the carbon can be discharged into the sea water to be combined with calcium and magnesium ions for carbon fixation.|[0091] Further, in the water produced by the unit II,|[0092] The content of Ca 2+ is less than or equal to 1mmol/L, preferably 0.1-0.6mmol/L;|[0093] The content of Mg 2+ is less than or equal to 30mmol/L, preferably 10-20mmol/L; |[0094] the content of CO 32- is 20-200mmol/L, preferably 20-100mmol/L; |[0095] the pH is 8-10.5, preferably 8-10. |[0096] In some embodiments, in step (3), the solid precipitate is calcium magnesium ions reacted with carbonate to form calcium carbonate, hydrated magnesium carbonate, calcium magnesium carbonate, which may be discharged from the sea or disposed of as a general solid waste.|[0097] Further, a portion of the solid precipitate also flows back to the mixer as seed crystals.|[0098] In some embodiments, the flow rate of the water produced by the unit I is denoted as Q1, the flow rate of the water produced by the unit II is denoted as Q2, and the flow rate of the seawater is denoted as q=q1+q2 in order to maintain the system flow rate stable.|[0099] In some embodiments, the flow rate of the bipolar membrane of the unit II produced water returned to the unit I is denoted as q3, and the total flow rate of the unit I produced water is also denoted as q3 in order to maintain the system flow rate stable;|[0100] thus, the total flow of water produced by the unit II is q3+q2, and is (Q3-Q1) +Q. |[0101] In some embodiments, the above flow rate depends on the scale and throughput of the bipolar membrane device, and it is noted that (Q3-Q1) is the flow rate of the water produced by unit I to unit II, and Q is the flow rate of the seawater to unit II, and the ratio of the two determines the mixing reaction and precipitation effect, i.e. determines the content of Ca 2+、Mg2+、CO32- and the like in the water produced by unit II.|[0102] Further, the ratio of (Q3-Q1) to Q is 0.2-2, preferably 0.5-1.|[0103] Further, when the ratio is too large, the seawater treatment capacity of the whole seawater carbon sequestration system is limited, and when the ratio is too small, ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the unit II produced water are too high, CO 32- is too low, and scaling or fouling is easily generated when the unit II returns to the unit I.|[0104] By the system and method of the invention, CO 2 is converted into higher concentration CO 32- and partial HCO 3- in the sea water in the unit I, then the CO 32- is precipitated and fixed by Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the sea water in the unit II, the water produced by the unit I and the water produced by the unit II discharged into the sea both contain higher content CO 32, and the CO 32 can be used for carbon fixation by Ca 2+ in the sea water in a wider area, and the content of HCO 3- is increased by the content of seawater soluble inorganic carbon. Thus, the system and the method of the scheme realize the trapping and the fixation of the CO 2 by taking the seawater as a medium.|[0105] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention more clear and clarified.|[0106] In the following examples and comparative example, unit I:|[0107] The membrane group configuration of the bipolar membrane device is bipolar membrane-anion exchange membrane-bipolar membrane, wherein the effective membrane area of a single membrane is 0.0055m 2; |[0108] the current density is calculated by dividing the operating current by the effective area of the individual membranes. |[0109] The circulation flow rates of the acid chamber solution, the polar chamber solution, the alkali chamber solution and the salt chamber solution are all 40L/h;|[0110] The polar chamber solution is a 4wt% NaOH solution; |[0111] The alkali chamber solution is a solution of NaCO 3 and NaHCO 3; |[0112] The acid chamber solution is acid-containing seawater, the concentration of hydrogen ions is 0.5mol/L, and anions corresponding to the acid are chloride ions; |[0113] the salt room solution is produced by treating seawater through a unit II and a unit I, and is mainly represented by the quality of water produced by the unit I. |[0114] The composition of the CO 2 -containing gas was 12% CO 2 and 88% n 2.|[0115] The CO 2 absorption device is a gas bubbling tower.|[0116] In the following examples and comparative example, unit II:|[0117] the mixing reactor is mechanically stirred, and the effective volume is 2L; |[0118] The solid-liquid separator is a sedimentation and clarification tank, and the effective volume is 5L. |[0119] The utilization rate of calcium and magnesium ions is the removal rate of calcium and magnesium ions of the water produced by the unit II relative to the seawater, and the calcium and magnesium ions are calculated from the contents of the calcium and magnesium ions in the two solutions.|[0120] In the seawater, the NaCl content is 2.4wt%, the Na 2SO4 content is 0.4wt%, the KCl content is 0.07wt%, the Ca 2+ content is 10.3mmol/L, mg 2+ content is 53.2mmol/L, CO 32- content is 0, and the HCO 3- content is 2.3mmol/L, pH value is 8.|[0121] The seawater carbon sequestration amount comprises two parts, namely, the difference value of calcium and magnesium ion concentration (mmol/L) of the seawater which is fed in and discharged out is multiplied by the molecular weight of carbon dioxide (0.044 g/mmol), namely, the carbon sequestration amount precipitated in the system;|[0122] Example 1 |[0123] The method for solidifying carbon by using seawater in the embodiment 1 mainly comprises the following steps:|[0124] And (S1) inputting the CO 2 -containing gas and the water produced by the unit II into the unit I, and obtaining the water produced by the unit I. |[0125] (S1 a) the gas containing CO 2 enters a CO 2 absorption device of the unit I to perform absorption reaction with the absorption solution which enters simultaneously, the generated CO 32- and HCO 3- participate in the alkali chamber solution circulation in the bipolar membrane device, wherein,|[0126] The absorption solution in the CO 2 absorption device is an alkaline room solution;|[0127] The pH of the alkaline room solution is 10.8; |[0128] The flow rate of the CO 2 -containing gas is 0.8L/min; |[0129] The flow rate of the alkaline chamber solution in which the absorption reaction occurs is 40L/h, which is the same as the circulation amount of the alkaline chamber solution. |[0130] (S1 b) CO 32- and HCO 3- migrate under the influence of an electric field to the salt compartment and form part of the salt compartment solution with the unit II produced water to form unit I produced water, wherein,|[0131] In the unit I produced water, the content of Ca 2+ is 0.4mmol/L, mg 2+, the content of Ca 2+ is 17.3mmol/L, CO 32-, the content of Ca 190.6mmol/L, HCO 3- is 37.9mmol/L, pH and the value is 10.6;|[0132] The output flow rate of the water produced by the unit I is q3=0.6L/h. |[0133] In step (S1), the bipolar membrane device is operated at a current density of 240A/m 2.|[0134] And step (S2), continuously inputting the seawater and the produced water of the unit I into the unit II, and discharging solid precipitate after mixing reaction and solid-liquid separation to obtain the produced water of the unit II.|[0135] (S2 a) mixing a part (the rest part is discharged from sea) of the produced water of the unit I with externally input seawater in a mixing reactor to obtain mixed liquid, wherein,|[0136] The input flow of the seawater is Q=0.6L/h;|[0137] in the water produced by the unit I, the sea discharge flow rate is q1=0; |[0138] in the unit I produced water, the flow rate input to (the mixing reactor of) unit II is q3—q1=0.6L/h. |[0139] (S2 b) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed solution in a sedimentation and clarification tank to obtain solid sediment and unit II produced water, wherein,|[0140] In the unit II produced water, the content of Ca 2+ is 0.4mmol/L, mg 2+, the content of Ca 2+ is 17.3mmol/L, CO 32- is 72.3mmol/L, HCO 3-, and the value of Ca 2+/L, pH is 10.3;|[0141] The carbon fixation amount of the carbon fixation sediment is 2.02kg/m 3 seawater. |[0142] (S2 c) inputting part of the produced water of the unit II (the rest part is discharged from the sea) into the bipolar membrane device of the unit I again, and repeating the steps;|[0143] In the water produced by the unit II, the sea discharge flow rate is q2=0.6L/h; |[0144] In the water produced by the unit II, the flow rate input to the unit I is q3=0.6L/h, and the ratio of (Q3-Q1) to Q is 1; |[0145] in the water produced by the unit II, the carbon fixation amount of the sea discharging part is 3.94kg/m 3 of sea water. |[0146] In example 1, the content of calcium and magnesium ions in the produced water of the unit II for sea discharge is remarkably reduced compared with the sea water, the reduced ions react with CO 32 to form solid precipitate and realize carbon fixation, the carbon fixation amount reaches 2.02kg/m 3 sea water, and the calcium and magnesium ion utilization ratio is calculated to be 1- [ 0.4+17.3/(10.3+53.2) ]=72.1%;|[0147] In addition, the content of CO 32- and HCO 3- in the produced water of the unit II of sea discharge is increased compared with that of sea water, namely, the content of the sea water soluble inorganic carbon is increased, and the increased soluble inorganic carbon is combined with calcium ions in the sea water of the sea discharge area to form precipitate, so that carbon sequestration is further carried out (namely, the sea discharge carbon sequestration amount is 3.94kg/m 3 sea water). |[0148] Example 2|[0149] The procedure is as in example 1, with the difference that:|[0150] In the step (S1 a), |[0151] The current density of the bipolar membrane device is 500A/m 2;|[0152] the flow rate of the CO 2 -containing gas is 1.6L/min. |[0153] In the step (S2 a),|[0154] In the water produced by the unit I, the sea discharge flow rate is q1=0.6L/h;|[0155] in the water produced by the unit I, the flow rate input to the unit II is q 3-q1=0.6L/h. |[0156] In the step (S2 c),|[0157] In the water produced by the unit II, the sea discharge flow rate is q2=0;|[0158] In the water produced by the unit II, the flow rate input to the unit I is q3=1.2L/h, and the ratio of Q3-Q1 to Q is 1; |[0159] In example 2, the water quality of the unit II produced water and the unit I produced water was the same as in example 1. Wherein the carbon fixation amount of the formed solid precipitate is 2.02kg/m 3 of seawater, the calcium and magnesium ion utilization rate is 72.1%, the discharged seawater is water produced by the unit I only, and the carbon fixation amount of the discharged seawater is 9.95kg/m 3 of seawater, which is higher than that of the embodiment 1. |[0160] Example 3|[0161] The procedure is as in example 1, with the difference that:|[0162] In the step (S1 a), |[0163] The absorption solution of the CO 2 absorption device is a salt room solution, the generated CO 32- and HCO 3- participate in the circulation of the salt room solution in the bipolar membrane device, and the alkali room solution only circulates between the storage device and the alkali room.|[0164] In the step (S1 b),|[0165] Under the action of an electric field, OH-migrates from the alkali chamber to the salt chamber and becomes part of the salt chamber solution, and forms unit I water production while absorbing the solution in the CO2 absorption device.|[0166] In example 3, the same carbon fixing effect as in example 1 can be achieved, but the salt chamber is blocked after continuous operation for 3 hours under the operation condition, which is manifested by difficulty in maintaining current density, decline of circulating flow rate of the salt chamber, existence of sediment on the surface of visible membranes after membrane stack disassembly, while the operation condition of example 1 can be operated for more than 72 hours continuously, and no obvious blocking occurs.|[0167] The water quality of the unit I produced water and the unit II produced water of examples 1 to 3 were the same, and therefore, the solid sediment carbon fixation amounts thereof were 2.02kg/m 3, and the calcium magnesium ion utilization rates thereof were 72.1%.|[0168] Example 4|[0169] The procedure is as in example 1, with the difference that:|[0170] In the step (S1 a), |[0171] The flow rate of the CO 2 -containing gas is 1.0L/min;|[0172] The alkaline compartment solution pH was 10.5. |[0173] In the step (S1 b),|[0174] In the unit I produced water, the content of Ca 2+ is 0.5mmol/L, mg 2+, the content of Ca 2+ is 22.8mmol/L, CO 32-, the content of Ca 176.2mmol/L, HCO 3- is 65.7mmol/L, pH and the value is 10.2;|[0175] In the step (S2 b), |[0176] In the unit II produced water, the content of Ca 2+ is 0.5mmol/L, mg 2+, the content of Ca 2+ is 22.8mmol/L, CO 32-, the content of Ca L, HCO 3- is 64.6mmol/L, HCO 3-, and the value of Ca 2+ is 35.1mmol/L, pH and is 9.7;|[0177] the carbon fixation amount of the carbon fixation sediment is 1.77kg/m 3 seawater. |[0178] In the step (S2 c),|[0179] In the water produced by the unit II, the carbon fixation amount of the sea discharging part is 4.29kg/m 3 seawater.|[0180] The salt and base chambers in example 4 both controlled lower pH values compared to example 1, reduced carbon solids precipitation in the system, but increased sea-going carbon solids, and comparable total carbon solids. | (CN121269912)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seawater resource utilization and mineralization carbon fixation, in particular to a seawater carbon fixation system and method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Carbon capture and sequestration (CCUS) is an important technology for achieving carbon neutralization goals and coping with climate change in countries around the world including china, and sequestration are a key link of CCUS. The term "sequestration" is used to refer to geological sequestration of carbon dioxide, in which the captured carbon dioxide is directly injected into the subsurface geologic structure by engineering techniques, and sequestered in the geologic body by a series of physical tethering, dissolving and mineralizing actions of the rock. The sealing and storing needs complete construction, detailed geological exploration, long-distance transportation and other conditions, the implementation difficulty is high, and the carbon dioxide leakage risk exists.|[0003] Considering that the seawater contains about 400Mg/L of Ca 2+ and about 1300Mg/L of Mg 2+, the seawater can be used as a carbon fixation carrier, the potential of carbon fixation can reach 4.0 multiplied by 10 7 hundred million tons, and the seawater mineralization carbon fixation technology has wide prospect and is expected to be an effective way for realizing the carbon fixation target of carbon sources such as coastal thermal power plants.|[0004] CN112675709A discloses a bipolar membrane electrodialysis device and a bipolar membrane electrodialysis method for preparing an alkali concentrated solution by seawater carbon sequestration, and the device and the method are characterized in that partial sodium resources in the seawater and CO 2 are utilized for producing alkali and sequestration, the concentration of the obtained sodium bicarbonate solution is more than or equal to 800mmol/L, and the carbon sequestration rate is more than or equal to 30%. However, this solution has the disadvantage that the use of seawater is softened seawater, and the softening process requires complicated procedures, resulting in higher costs, and in addition, the salt content of the seawater after carbon fixation is significantly reduced.|[0005] CN 110038440B discloses a bipolar membrane electrodialysis device and method for decalcification of seawater, which are characterized in that the risk of membrane scaling is reduced by technical means such as bipolar membrane-cathode membrane bipolar membrane stack structure, crystallization precipitation outside the membrane, pH control of an alkali chamber and a salt chamber at about 8, and carbon fixation is realized by utilizing precipitation of Ca 2+ in seawater. However, this solution has the disadvantage of a relatively low carbon sequestration, and a carbon sequestration of only 0.44kg per ton of sea water for all precipitated carbon sequestration, and the current density and CO 32- concentration at which the solution operates are maintained at very low levels, resulting in low carbon sequestration efficiency and large plant scale in practical applications.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The invention aims to solve the problems of low carbon sequestration amount and complex process in the background technology, and provides a seawater carbon sequestration system and method.|[0007] In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a seawater carbon sequestration system, the system comprising a unit I and a unit II, wherein,|[0008] The unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO 2 absorption device;|[0009] The bipolar membrane device comprises a membrane stack and a solution storage facility, wherein the membrane stack comprises a bipolar membrane and an ion exchange membrane, and a fluid flow passage between the bipolar membrane and the ion exchange membrane is divided into a polar chamber, an acid chamber, an alkali chamber and a salt chamber; |[0010] The solution storage facility comprises solution storage devices of all chambers which are respectively communicated with the polar chamber, the acid chamber, the alkali chamber and the salt chamber, and the solution storage devices of all chambers are respectively communicated with the bipolar membrane device to form a circulation loop; |[0011] The alkali chamber solution storage device and/or the salt chamber solution storage device of the unit I are/is connected with the CO 2 absorption device, preferably the alkali chamber solution storage device is connected with the CO 2 absorption device, or preferably the alkali chamber solution and the salt chamber solution storage device are simultaneously connected with the CO 2 absorption device; |[0012] the unit II comprises a mixing reactor and a solid-liquid separator along the material flow direction; |[0013] The mixing reactor receives water produced by the salt chamber of the unit I and is mixed with seawater to obtain mixed liquid; |[0014] The solid-liquid separator separates the mixed liquid into solid precipitate and water produced by the unit II, and sends all or part of the water produced by the unit II back to the salt chamber of the unit I. |[0015] The second aspect of the invention provides a method for carrying out seawater carbon sequestration by using the system, which comprises the following steps:|[0016] (1) In the CO 2 absorption unit, an alkaline or salt compartment solution, preferably an alkaline compartment solution, or preferably both an alkaline compartment solution and a salt compartment solution are used to absorb CO 2 and return to the corresponding solution storage unit; |[0017] (2) The salt room solution storage device outputs unit I to produce water, part of the unit I produces water to be discharged from the sea, the rest part of the unit I is sent to the mixing reactor to be mixed with externally input seawater, and the obtained mixed liquid is discharged into the solid-liquid separator; |[0018] (3) Separating the mixed liquor into unit II produced water and a solid precipitate in a solid-liquid separator; |[0019] (4) A part of the water produced by the unit II is discharged from the sea, and the rest is returned to a salt chamber of the bipolar membrane device, |[0020] The salt compartment solution obtains carbonate, bicarbonate and/or hydroxide ions from the base compartment solution.|[0021] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:|[0022] 1. The seawater carbon fixing system of the invention carries out seawater carbon fixing in two ways, firstly, calcium and magnesium ions in seawater react with soluble inorganic carbon (carbonate and bicarbonate) in water produced by a unit I to generate calcium and magnesium precipitates, the utilization rate of the calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater treated in the way can reach more than 70 percent, and the carbon fixing amount through the calcium and magnesium precipitates can reach more than 2kg/m 3. And secondly, part of the unit I water and unit II water discharged into the sea also contain rich soluble inorganic carbon, ca 2+ in seawater in a wider area is further utilized for carbon fixation after the sea is discharged, the carbon fixation amount of the unit II water in each row of 1t can reach 4kg or more, and the carbon fixation amount of the unit I water in each row of 1t can reach 8kg or more. The capacity of the seawater carbon fixation in the invention is greatly increased through the two modes. |[0023] 2. The seawater carbon fixing system is simple and efficient, does not need to pretreat seawater, does not need to collect and concentrate carbon dioxide, does not need to add chemical reagents as an alkali source, and directly introduces seawater into the system, on one hand, is used as a calcium-magnesium ion source for fixing carbon, on the other hand, is used as a soluble inorganic carbon carrier for bringing the captured carbon back to the sea for further fixing carbon, and OH - generated by a bipolar membrane in the system is used as an alkali source for capturing CO 2, so that carbon dioxide in incoming gas with any concentration can be converted into soluble inorganic carbon and then transferred into seawater. The main input quantity of the system only comprises seawater and electricity, and the main components and properties of the seawater after carbon fixation are not obviously changed, so that the seawater can be directly discharged back to the sea.|[0024] 3. In the seawater carbon fixing method, the calcium and magnesium ions in the water produced by the unit I and the water produced by the unit II are kept at a certain equilibrium concentration with CO 32, so that the pH value, the current density and the concentration of CO 32 in a bipolar membrane device are not required to be controlled at a low level to prevent membrane pollution, the current density of the seawater carbon fixing system can be operated to be hundreds or even more than 1000A/m 2, and the sectional arrangement of firstly removing calcium and then removing magnesium is not required, and calcium and magnesium can be simultaneously used for carbon fixing and outputting carbonate-rich brine to ocean for further carbon fixing by one-step treatment.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a seawater carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention;|[0026] FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a unit I in a seawater carbon sequestration system according to an embodiment of the present invention; |[0027] fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a unit II in the seawater carbon sequestration system according to the embodiment of the present invention. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0029] It is to be readily understood that, according to the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art may replace various structural modes and implementation modes with each other without changing the true spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, the following detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed.|[0030] The first aspect of the invention provides a seawater carbon sequestration system comprising unit I and unit II.|[0031] The unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO 2 absorption device, and is used for bipolar membrane alkali production and CO 2 absorption;|[0032] In some embodiments, the bipolar membrane device comprises a membrane stack and a solution storage facility, wherein the membrane stack comprises a bipolar membrane and an ion exchange membrane, and a fluid flow passage between the bipolar membrane and the ion exchange membrane is divided into a polar chamber, an acid chamber, an alkali chamber and a salt chamber. |[0033] Further, the membrane group configuration in the membrane stack is bipolar membrane-anion exchange membrane-bipolar membrane;|[0034] further, the bipolar membrane device comprises at least 1 bipolar membrane. |[0035] In some embodiments, the solution storage facility includes respective chamber solution storage devices (i.e., a polar chamber solution storage device, an acid chamber solution storage device, an alkali chamber solution storage device, a salt chamber solution storage device) in communication with the polar chamber, the acid chamber, the alkali chamber, and the salt chamber, respectively, the respective chamber solution storage devices being in communication with the bipolar membrane device to form a circulation loop.|[0036] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the bipolar membrane has a negative side and a positive side, and in the membrane stack configuration used in the present invention, the flow path between the two anionic membranes is a salt chamber (i.e., a chamber through which the salt chamber solution flows), the flow path between the positive side of the bipolar membrane and the anionic membrane adjacent thereto is an acid chamber (i.e., a chamber through which the acid chamber solution flows), and the flow path between the negative side of the bipolar membrane and the anionic membrane adjacent thereto is an alkali chamber (i.e., a chamber through which the alkali chamber solution flows).|[0037] In some embodiments, the polar chamber is in communication with a polar chamber solution storage device such that the polar chamber solution circulates between the bipolar membrane device and the polar chamber solution storage device.|[0038] Further, the polar chamber solution is a solution of NaOH, naNO 3、Na2SO4、K3[Fe(CN)6 or K 4[Fe(CN)6.|[0039] In some embodiments, the acid chamber is in communication with an acid chamber solution storage device such that the acid chamber solution circulates between the bipolar membrane device and the acid chamber solution storage device.|[0040] Further, the acid chamber solution storage device also receives external water, dilute acid solution or seawater, and discharges the acid chamber solution containing hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid to the outside.|[0041] Further, the acid chamber solution contains dilute hydrochloric acid and/or dilute sulfuric acid under a steady state, and the concentration of H + in the acid chamber solution is 0.05-2mol/L;|[0042] further, H + in the acid compartment solution is generated by the bipolar membrane, and Cl - or SO 42- in the acid compartment solution migrates from the salt compartment. |[0043] In some embodiments, the base chamber is in communication with a base chamber solution storage device such that base chamber solution circulates between the bipolar membrane device and the base chamber solution storage device;|[0044] Further, the alkali chamber solution storage device is connected with a CO 2 absorption device, and the CO 2 absorption device is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet of CO 2 gas; |[0045] further, the alkali chamber solution is a solution of NaOH and Na 2CO3、NaHCO3, and the pH value of the alkali chamber solution is controlled to be 6.5-12; |[0046] In some embodiments, the material flow process between the alkaline chamber solution storage device, the alkaline chamber and the CO 2 absorption device occurs in such a way that CO 2 gas enters the CO 2 absorption device and is subjected to absorption reaction with OH - in the alkaline chamber solution which is simultaneously entered, so as to generate mixed solution containing CO 32- and HCO 3-, and the mixed solution is returned to the alkaline chamber solution storage device for solution circulation of the alkaline chamber. Meanwhile, under the action of an electric field, the alkali chamber solution obtains OH - in the alkali chamber and transfers CO 32-、HCO3- and OH - into the salt chamber through the anion exchange membrane in the alkali chamber to become a part of the salt chamber solution. |[0047] That is, OH - in the base compartment solution is produced by bipolar membrane electrodialysis in the membrane stack, CO 32- and HCO 3- in the base compartment solution are produced by the absorption reaction of OH - and CO 2, the OH -、CO32- and HCO 3- are continuously produced and continuously migrate to the salt compartment, and the base compartment solution as a whole maintains the steady state equilibrium of CO 32-、HCO3- and OH-.|[0048] In some embodiments, the salt chamber is in communication with a salt chamber solution storage device such that salt chamber solution circulates between the bipolar membrane device and the polar chamber solution reservoir;|[0049] Further, the salt chamber storage device is provided with an inlet for water produced by the unit II. |[0050] Further, the salt room solution storage device is provided with a unit I water outlet which is connected with the mixing reactor of the unit II.|[0051] Further, the salt room solution storage device is connected with the CO 2 absorption device, namely salt room solution can be selected as absorption solution to enter the CO 2 absorption device;|[0052] in some embodiments, the salt chamber receives part or all of the unit II produced water, which is converted to unit I produced water by a bipolar membrane device; |[0053] Further, a part of the water produced by the unit I is recycled as a salt room solution, and the other part is output as carbonate-rich brine. |[0054] In some embodiments, a material flow process occurs between the salt compartment solution storage device, the salt compartment and the CO 2 absorber device, wherein CO 2 gas enters the CO 2 absorber device and reacts with OH - in the salt compartment solution entering simultaneously to generate CO 32- and HCO 3-, and then the CO 32- and HCO 3- are returned to the salt compartment solution storage device to participate in the solution circulation of the salt compartment. Meanwhile, under the action of an electric field, the alkali chamber solution obtains OH - in the alkali chamber and transfers OH - to the salt chamber through the anion exchange membrane in the alkali chamber, so that OH - becomes a part of the salt chamber solution.|[0055] That is, OH - in the base compartment solution is produced by bipolar membrane electrodialysis in the membrane stack, transferred through the anionic membrane to the salt compartment solution, CO 32- and HCO 3- in the salt compartment solution are produced by the absorption reaction of OH - with CO 2, and the salt compartment solution as a whole maintains the steady state equilibrium of CO 32-、HCO3- and OH -.|[0056] In some embodiments, the unit I has a base compartment solution storage means and/or a salt compartment solution storage means connected to the CO 2 absorption means, preferably the base compartment solution storage means is connected to the CO 2 absorption means, or preferably the base compartment solution and salt compartment solution storage means are connected to the CO 2 absorption means simultaneously;|[0057] The inventor finds that the connection selection of the CO 2 absorption device (namely that the absorption solution is an alkaline chamber solution or a salt chamber solution) has an important influence on the seawater carbon sequestration system. Specifically: |[0058] Under the action of an electric field, anions can be continuously migrated to the salt chamber by the alkali chamber, if the CO 2 absorption device is only connected with the salt chamber solution storage device (namely, the salt chamber solution is taken as an absorption solution), OH - obtained by the alkali chamber is not converted into CO 32- and HCO 3-, the OH - is migrated to the salt chamber, the concentration of Mg 2+ in the salt chamber solution is higher, and the Mg 2+ can be contacted with the migrated OH - on the surface of the membrane, so that the risk of membrane scaling is increased. |[0059] However, if the CO 2 absorber is connected to the alkaline solution storage device (i.e. the alkaline solution is used as the absorbing solution), the OH - in the alkaline solution will be mainly reacted with the CO 2 in the absorber to be converted into CO 32- and HCO 3-, the pH of the alkaline solution can be controlled, the alkaline solution mainly migrates CO 32- and HCO 3- to the salt chamber, and the risk of scaling the membrane surface is low.|[0060] In summary, the CO 2 absorber is preferably connected to the alkaline solution storage device, or two sets of CO 2 absorbers are respectively connected to the alkaline solution storage device and the salt solution storage device.|[0061] In some embodiments, the CO 2 absorber is selected from at least one of a packed column, a sieve tray column, a rotating packed bed, a gas-liquid jet mixer.|[0062] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the flow of material within the salt compartment solution storage means primarily comprises three paths, firstly, it maintains a substantial circulation flow ① with the salt compartment, secondly, it receives produced water ② from unit II, and finally, it outputs produced water ③ from unit I. It is noted that the flow rate of the circulating flow ① is significantly greater than the flow rates of the produced water ② of unit II and the produced water ③ of the output unit I, and the flow rates of the produced water ② of the receiving unit II and the produced water ③ of the output unit I are equal. The flow mode ensures that the inside of the salt chamber solution storage device maintains a dynamic balance state, and ensures that the content of each ion is kept stable, thereby ensuring the water quality stability of the water produced by the unit I. Meanwhile, the water quality difference between unit II produced water ② and unit I produced water ③ is mainly supplemented and adjusted by the circulation flow ① in the salt compartment.|[0063] In some embodiments, the unit I further comprises a power supply, control facilities, material transfer piping and pumps of bipolar membrane electrodialysis systems known in the art, which are not described too much.|[0064] Furthermore, the circulating flow rates of the salt chamber solution, the polar chamber solution, the acid chamber solution and the alkali chamber solution can reach the known bipolar membrane operation requirement, for example, the circulating flow rate of the salt chamber solution enables the membrane surface material flow rate to be 1-10cm/s.|[0065] In some embodiments, the unit II is a mixing reaction and separation unit comprising a mixing reactor and a solid-liquid separator along the material flow direction, the unit II is configured to receive the water produced by the unit I (salt compartment) and to mix the water produced by the unit I with seawater to convert the seawater into the water produced by the unit II and a solid precipitate.|[0066] In some embodiments, the mixing reactor is configured to receive produced water from unit I and mix it with seawater to obtain a mixed liquor;|[0067] Further, the inlet of the mixing reactor is communicated with the unit I water outlet of the salt chamber solution storage tank. |[0068] In some embodiments, the solid-liquid separator is used to separate the mixed liquor into a solid precipitate and unit II produced water;|[0069] further, a water outlet of the unit II of the solid-liquid separator is communicated with a water inlet of the unit II of the salt chamber, so that the seawater circulation in the system is realized. |[0070] The second aspect of the invention provides a method for carrying out seawater carbon sequestration by using the system, which comprises the following steps:|[0071] (1) In the CO 2 absorption unit, an alkaline or salt compartment solution, preferably an alkaline compartment solution, or preferably both an alkaline compartment solution and a salt compartment solution are used to absorb CO 2 and return to the corresponding solution storage unit; |[0072] (2) The salt room solution storage device outputs unit I to produce water, part of the unit I produces water to be discharged from the sea, the rest part of the unit I is sent to the mixing reactor to be mixed with externally input seawater, and the obtained mixed liquid is discharged into the solid-liquid separator; |[0073] (3) Separating the mixed liquor into unit II produced water and a solid precipitate in a solid-liquid separator; |[0074] (4) A part of the water produced by the unit II is discharged from the sea, and the rest is returned to a salt chamber of the bipolar membrane device, |[0075] The salt compartment solution obtains carbonate, bicarbonate and/or hydroxide ions from the base compartment solution.|[0076] In some embodiments, in step (1), the CO 2 gas is a CO 2 -containing gas, and the source may be captured high-concentration CO 2, CO 2 -containing industrial flue gas, air, and CO 2 -containing gas configured, and the like.|[0077] Further, the CO 2 gas is introduced in an amount that is related to the scale of the bipolar membrane device and is reflected in the pH of the base and salt compartment solutions. Therefore, the pH of the alkaline compartment solution and the salt compartment solution is used to determine whether the CO 2 gas is properly introduced.|[0078] Further, the bipolar membrane device has a current density of 25-2000A/m 2 when operated. The magnitude of this current density directly determines the rate of alkaline production of the bipolar membrane device, thereby further affecting the pH of the unit I produced water and ultimately determining the quality of the unit I produced water.|[0079] Further, the pH value of the alkaline chamber solution is controlled to be 6.5-12.|[0080] Further, the pH of the alkaline compartment solution may be preferred by the higher the pH, the better from the standpoint of converting CO 2 to CO 32- as much as possible rather than HCO 3-, and the lower the pH, the better from the standpoint of controlling fouling of the salt compartment. Thus, the pH control ranges of the alkali chamber and the salt chamber are suitable ranges for both aspects.|[0081] Similarly, the pH of the salt compartment solution is controlled to be 8-10.5.|[0082] In some embodiments, in step (1), the main components of the unit I produced water are substantially identical to natural seawater, except that the content of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ is lower and the content of CO 32- is higher, referred to as carbonate-rich seawater (also a salt compartment solution that has absorbed CO 2 for recycling);|[0083] further, in the water produced by the unit I, |[0084] The content of Ca 2+ is less than or equal to 1mmol/L, preferably 0.1-0.6mmol/L;|[0085] The content of Mg 2+ is less than or equal to 30mmol/L, preferably 10-20mmol/L; |[0086] The content of CO 32- is 50-400mmol/L, preferably 100-200mmol/L; |[0087] The pH is 8.5-11, preferably 9.5-10.5. |[0088] In some embodiments, in step (2), the seawater may be natural seawater or simulated seawater, or may be concentrated seawater or industrial concentrated brine output from a seawater desalination plant, and the main components of the seawater include well-known NaCl, naNO 3、Na2SO4, KCl, etc., and the seawater components and contents of different areas are different.|[0089] In the step (2), when the sea discharge is not required, the mixed liquid can be directly discharged into the sea, so that the solid-liquid separation scale in the step (3) can be reduced.|[0090] In some embodiments, in step (3), the unit II produced water is substantially identical in major components to natural seawater, except that its Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents are lower than seawater, and the CO 32- content is higher than seawater, referred to as seawater supernatant. But the CO 32- content is still higher, so that the carbon can be discharged into the sea water to be combined with calcium and magnesium ions for carbon fixation.|[0091] Further, in the water produced by the unit II,|[0092] The content of Ca 2+ is less than or equal to 1mmol/L, preferably 0.1-0.6mmol/L;|[0093] The content of Mg 2+ is less than or equal to 30mmol/L, preferably 10-20mmol/L; |[0094] the content of CO 32- is 20-200mmol/L, preferably 20-100mmol/L; |[0095] the pH is 8-10.5, preferably 8-10. |[0096] In some embodiments, in step (3), the solid precipitate is calcium magnesium ions reacted with carbonate to form calcium carbonate, hydrated magnesium carbonate, calcium magnesium carbonate, which may be discharged from the sea or disposed of as a general solid waste.|[0097] Further, a portion of the solid precipitate also flows back to the mixer as seed crystals.|[0098] In some embodiments, the flow rate of the water produced by the unit I is denoted as Q1, the flow rate of the water produced by the unit II is denoted as Q2, and the flow rate of the seawater is denoted as q=q1+q2 in order to maintain the system flow rate stable.|[0099] In some embodiments, the flow rate of the bipolar membrane of the unit II produced water returned to the unit I is denoted as q3, and the total flow rate of the unit I produced water is also denoted as q3 in order to maintain the system flow rate stable;|[0100] thus, the total flow of water produced by the unit II is q3+q2, and is (Q3-Q1) +Q. |[0101] In some embodiments, the above flow rate depends on the scale and throughput of the bipolar membrane device, and it is noted that (Q3-Q1) is the flow rate of the water produced by unit I to unit II, and Q is the flow rate of the seawater to unit II, and the ratio of the two determines the mixing reaction and precipitation effect, i.e. determines the content of Ca 2+、Mg2+、CO32- and the like in the water produced by unit II.|[0102] Further, the ratio of (Q3-Q1) to Q is 0.2-2, preferably 0.5-1.|[0103] Further, when the ratio is too large, the seawater treatment capacity of the whole seawater carbon sequestration system is limited, and when the ratio is too small, ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the unit II produced water are too high, CO 32- is too low, and scaling or fouling is easily generated when the unit II returns to the unit I.|[0104] By the system and method of the invention, CO 2 is converted into higher concentration CO 32- and partial HCO 3- in the sea water in the unit I, then the CO 32- is precipitated and fixed by Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the sea water in the unit II, the water produced by the unit I and the water produced by the unit II discharged into the sea both contain higher content CO 32, and the CO 32 can be used for carbon fixation by Ca 2+ in the sea water in a wider area, and the content of HCO 3- is increased by the content of seawater soluble inorganic carbon. Thus, the system and the method of the scheme realize the trapping and the fixation of the CO 2 by taking the seawater as a medium.|[0105] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention more clear and clarified.|[0106] In the following examples and comparative example, unit I:|[0107] The membrane group configuration of the bipolar membrane device is bipolar membrane-anion exchange membrane-bipolar membrane, wherein the effective membrane area of a single membrane is 0.0055m 2; |[0108] the current density is calculated by dividing the operating current by the effective area of the individual membranes. |[0109] The circulation flow rates of the acid chamber solution, the polar chamber solution, the alkali chamber solution and the salt chamber solution are all 40L/h;|[0110] The polar chamber solution is a 4wt% NaOH solution; |[0111] The alkali chamber solution is a solution of NaCO 3 and NaHCO 3; |[0112] The acid chamber solution is acid-containing seawater, the concentration of hydrogen ions is 0.5mol/L, and anions corresponding to the acid are chloride ions; |[0113] the salt room solution is produced by treating seawater through a unit II and a unit I, and is mainly represented by the quality of water produced by the unit I. |[0114] The composition of the CO 2 -containing gas was 12% CO 2 and 88% n 2.|[0115] The CO 2 absorption device is a gas bubbling tower.|[0116] In the following examples and comparative example, unit II:|[0117] the mixing reactor is mechanically stirred, and the effective volume is 2L; |[0118] The solid-liquid separator is a sedimentation and clarification tank, and the effective volume is 5L. |[0119] The utilization rate of calcium and magnesium ions is the removal rate of calcium and magnesium ions of the water produced by the unit II relative to the seawater, and the calcium and magnesium ions are calculated from the contents of the calcium and magnesium ions in the two solutions.|[0120] In the seawater, the NaCl content is 2.4wt%, the Na 2SO4 content is 0.4wt%, the KCl content is 0.07wt%, the Ca 2+ content is 10.3mmol/L, mg 2+ content is 53.2mmol/L, CO 32- content is 0, and the HCO 3- content is 2.3mmol/L, pH value is 8.|[0121] The seawater carbon sequestration amount comprises two parts, namely, the difference value of calcium and magnesium ion concentration (mmol/L) of the seawater which is fed in and discharged out is multiplied by the molecular weight of carbon dioxide (0.044 g/mmol), namely, the carbon sequestration amount precipitated in the system;|[0122] Example 1 |[0123] The method for solidifying carbon by using seawater in the embodiment 1 mainly comprises the following steps:|[0124] And (S1) inputting the CO 2 -containing gas and the water produced by the unit II into the unit I, and obtaining the water produced by the unit I. |[0125] (S1 a) the gas containing CO 2 enters a CO 2 absorption device of the unit I to perform absorption reaction with the absorption solution which enters simultaneously, the generated CO 32- and HCO 3- participate in the alkali chamber solution circulation in the bipolar membrane device, wherein,|[0126] The absorption solution in the CO 2 absorption device is an alkaline room solution;|[0127] The pH of the alkaline room solution is 10.8; |[0128] The flow rate of the CO 2 -containing gas is 0.8L/min; |[0129] The flow rate of the alkaline chamber solution in which the absorption reaction occurs is 40L/h, which is the same as the circulation amount of the alkaline chamber solution. |[0130] (S1 b) CO 32- and HCO 3- migrate under the influence of an electric field to the salt compartment and form part of the salt compartment solution with the unit II produced water to form unit I produced water, wherein,|[0131] In the unit I produced water, the content of Ca 2+ is 0.4mmol/L, mg 2+, the content of Ca 2+ is 17.3mmol/L, CO 32-, the content of Ca 190.6mmol/L, HCO 3- is 37.9mmol/L, pH and the value is 10.6;|[0132] The output flow rate of the water produced by the unit I is q3=0.6L/h. |[0133] In step (S1), the bipolar membrane device is operated at a current density of 240A/m 2.|[0134] And step (S2), continuously inputting the seawater and the produced water of the unit I into the unit II, and discharging solid precipitate after mixing reaction and solid-liquid separation to obtain the produced water of the unit II.|[0135] (S2 a) mixing a part (the rest part is discharged from sea) of the produced water of the unit I with externally input seawater in a mixing reactor to obtain mixed liquid, wherein,|[0136] The input flow of the seawater is Q=0.6L/h;|[0137] in the water produced by the unit I, the sea discharge flow rate is q1=0; |[0138] in the unit I produced water, the flow rate input to (the mixing reactor of) unit II is q3—q1=0.6L/h. |[0139] (S2 b) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed solution in a sedimentation and clarification tank to obtain solid sediment and unit II produced water, wherein,|[0140] In the unit II produced water, the content of Ca 2+ is 0.4mmol/L, mg 2+, the content of Ca 2+ is 17.3mmol/L, CO 32- is 72.3mmol/L, HCO 3-, and the value of Ca 2+/L, pH is 10.3;|[0141] The carbon fixation amount of the carbon fixation sediment is 2.02kg/m 3 seawater. |[0142] (S2 c) inputting part of the produced water of the unit II (the rest part is discharged from the sea) into the bipolar membrane device of the unit I again, and repeating the steps;|[0143] In the water produced by the unit II, the sea discharge flow rate is q2=0.6L/h; |[0144] In the water produced by the unit II, the flow rate input to the unit I is q3=0.6L/h, and the ratio of (Q3-Q1) to Q is 1; |[0145] in the water produced by the unit II, the carbon fixation amount of the sea discharging part is 3.94kg/m 3 of sea water. |[0146] In example 1, the content of calcium and magnesium ions in the produced water of the unit II for sea discharge is remarkably reduced compared with the sea water, the reduced ions react with CO 32 to form solid precipitate and realize carbon fixation, the carbon fixation amount reaches 2.02kg/m 3 sea water, and the calcium and magnesium ion utilization ratio is calculated to be 1- [ 0.4+17.3/(10.3+53.2) ]=72.1%;|[0147] In addition, the content of CO 32- and HCO 3- in the produced water of the unit II of sea discharge is increased compared with that of sea water, namely, the content of the sea water soluble inorganic carbon is increased, and the increased soluble inorganic carbon is combined with calcium ions in the sea water of the sea discharge area to form precipitate, so that carbon sequestration is further carried out (namely, the sea discharge carbon sequestration amount is 3.94kg/m 3 sea water). |[0148] Example 2|[0149] The procedure is as in example 1, with the difference that:|[0150] In the step (S1 a), |[0151] The current density of the bipolar membrane device is 500A/m 2;|[0152] the flow rate of the CO 2 -containing gas is 1.6L/min. |[0153] In the step (S2 a),|[0154] In the water produced by the unit I, the sea discharge flow rate is q1=0.6L/h;|[0155] in the water produced by the unit I, the flow rate input to the unit II is q 3-q1=0.6L/h. |[0156] In the step (S2 c),|[0157] In the water produced by the unit II, the sea discharge flow rate is q2=0;|[0158] In the water produced by the unit II, the flow rate input to the unit I is q3=1.2L/h, and the ratio of Q3-Q1 to Q is 1; |[0159] In example 2, the water quality of the unit II produced water and the unit I produced water was the same as in example 1. Wherein the carbon fixation amount of the formed solid precipitate is 2.02kg/m 3 of seawater, the calcium and magnesium ion utilization rate is 72.1%, the discharged seawater is water produced by the unit I only, and the carbon fixation amount of the discharged seawater is 9.95kg/m 3 of seawater, which is higher than that of the embodiment 1. |[0160] Example 3|[0161] The procedure is as in example 1, with the difference that:|[0162] In the step (S1 a), |[0163] The absorption solution of the CO 2 absorption device is a salt room solution, the generated CO 32- and HCO 3- participate in the circulation of the salt room solution in the bipolar membrane device, and the alkali room solution only circulates between the storage device and the alkali room.|[0164] In the step (S1 b),|[0165] Under the action of an electric field, OH-migrates from the alkali chamber to the salt chamber and becomes part of the salt chamber solution, and forms unit I water production while absorbing the solution in the CO2 absorption device.|[0166] In example 3, the same carbon fixing effect as in example 1 can be achieved, but the salt chamber is blocked after continuous operation for 3 hours under the operation condition, which is manifested by difficulty in maintaining current density, decline of circulating flow rate of the salt chamber, existence of sediment on the surface of visible membranes after membrane stack disassembly, while the operation condition of example 1 can be operated for more than 72 hours continuously, and no obvious blocking occurs.|[0167] The water quality of the unit I produced water and the unit II produced water of examples 1 to 3 were the same, and therefore, the solid sediment carbon fixation amounts thereof were 2.02kg/m 3, and the calcium magnesium ion utilization rates thereof were 72.1%.|[0168] Example 4|[0169] The procedure is as in example 1, with the difference that:|[0170] In the step (S1 a), |[0171] The flow rate of the CO 2 -containing gas is 1.0L/min;|[0172] The alkaline compartment solution pH was 10.5. |[0173] In the step (S1 b),|[0174] In the unit I produced water, the content of Ca 2+ is 0.5mmol/L, mg 2+, the content of Ca 2+ is 22.8mmol/L, CO 32-, the content of Ca 176.2mmol/L, HCO 3- is 65.7mmol/L, pH and the value is 10.2;|[0175] In the step (S2 b), |[0176] In the unit II produced water, the content of Ca 2+ is 0.5mmol/L, mg 2+, the content of Ca 2+ is 22.8mmol/L, CO 32-, the content of Ca L, HCO 3- is 64.6mmol/L, HCO 3-, and the value of Ca 2+ is 35.1mmol/L, pH and is 9.7;|[0177] the carbon fixation amount of the carbon fixation sediment is 1.77kg/m 3 seawater. |[0178] In the step (S2 c),|[0179] In the water produced by the unit II, the carbon fixation amount of the sea discharging part is 4.29kg/m 3 seawater.|[0180] The salt and base chambers in example 4 both controlled lower pH values compared to example 1, reduced carbon solids precipitation in the system, but increased sea-going carbon solids, and comparable total carbon solids. | Family Number|(117309228)|117309228|Abstract|(CN121269912 A)|The invention relates to the field of seawater resource utilization and carbon sequestration , and provides a seawater carbon sequestration system and method . The system comprises a unit I and a unit II , the unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO2 absorption device and is used for producing alkali and absorbing CO2 ; the unit II comprises a mixing reactor and a solid - liquid separator and is used for treating seawater and water produced by the unit I ; the method comprises the following steps : ( 1 ) in a CO2 absorption device , absorbing CO2 by using an alkali chamber solution or a salt chamber solution , and returning to a corresponding solution storage device ; ( 2 ) discharging part of water produced by the unit I into the sea , mixing the rest water with seawater , and feeding the mixture into a solid - liquid separator ; ( 3 ) separating solid precipitates and unit II produced water from the solid - liquid separator ; ( 4 ) discharging part of water produced by the unit II to the sea , and returning the rest water to a salt chamber of the bipolar membrane device ; wherein the salt chamber solution obtains carbonate , bicarbonate and / or hydroxide ions from the alkali chamber solution . According to the method , seawater does not need to be pretreated , calcium and magnesium can be utilized for carbon sequestration , and carbonate - rich saline water is output to the ocean for carbon sequestration .|Title|(CN121269912 A)|Seawater carbon sequestration system and method | | Chemical engineering|Environmental technology | B01D-053/14/25|B01D-053/62|B01D-061/42/2|B01D-061/44|B01D-061/44/5|B01D-061/46|B01D-061/54|C02F-001/20|C02F-001/469/3|C02F-2101/16|C02F-2103/08|C02F-2103/18|C02F-2201/4612|C02F-2201/46135|C02F-2209/06|Y02A-020/134|Y02C-010/06 | B01D-053/14/25|B01D-053/62|B01D-061/42/2|B01D-061/44|B01D-061/44/5|B01D-061/46|B01D-061/54|C02F-001/20|C02F-001/469/3|C02F-2101/16|C02F-2103/08|C02F-2103/18|C02F-2201/4612|C02F-2201/46135|C02F-2209/06|Y02A-020/134|Y02C-010/06 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|B01D-061/44|B01D-061/46|C02F-001/469|C02F-101/10|C02F-103/08 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|B01D-061/44|B01D-061/46|C02F-001/469|C02F-101/10|C02F-103/08 | PENDING | (CN121269912)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN121269912)|ALIVE | (CN121269912)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN121269912|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-07-01|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2024-07-01|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202410873244|Application date=2024-07-01|Standardized application number=2024CN-0873244|Event publication date=2026-01-06|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN121269912|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2026-01-06|Standardized publication number=CN121269912|Event publication date=2026-01-06|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2026-01-23|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN121269912)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKeNf5tHPUxdv1fn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000080374387&ekey=2145&xpn=CN121269912&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=0JL9J1GthMNS0GU6zSdtwZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN121269912)|CN | (CN121269912)|NAME=CHINA ENERGY INVESTMENT CORPORATION LIMITED , COUNTRY=CN | (CN121269912)|NAME=HU TINGTING;SINO-CREATIVITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW FIRM , REG=11728NAME=CHEN YUEJUN;SINO-CREATIVITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW FIRM , REG=11728 | (CN121269912)|CN | (CN121269912)|NAME=WANG WEI, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=LIU JIE|NAME=XIONG RIHUA | Titre: (CN121269912)|Seawater carbon sequestration system and method Résumé: (CN121269912)|The invention relates to the field of seawater resource utilization and carbon sequestration, and provides a seawater carbon sequestration system and method. The system comprises a unit I and a unit II, the unit I comprises a bipolar membrane device and a CO2 absorption device and is used for producing alkali and absorbing CO2; the unit II comprises a mixing reactor and a solid-liquid separator and is used for treating seawater and water produced by the unit I; the method comprises the following steps: (1) in a CO2 absorption device, absorbing CO2 by using an alkali chamber solution or a salt chamber solution, and returning to a corresponding solution storage device; (2) discharging part of water produced by the unit I into the sea, mixing the rest water with seawater, and feeding the mixture into a solid-liquid separator; (3) separating solid precipitates and unit II produced water from the solid-liquid separator; (4) discharging part of water produced by the unit II to the sea, and returning the rest water to a salt chamber of the bipolar membrane device; wherein the salt chamber solution obtains carbonate, bicarbonate and/or hydroxide ions from the alkali chamber solution. According to the method, seawater does not need to be pretreated, calcium and magnesium can be utilized for carbon sequestration, and carbonate-rich saline water is output to the ocean for carbon sequestration. | 29.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a seawater carbon sequestration system that does not involve iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth, which are central to ocean iron fertilization. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN121269912)|1 | (CN121269912)|9 | (CN121269912)|10 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN121269912)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN121269912)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2026-01-06|Gazette number: GAZNUM=42-0201|Number of Pages: NPAGES=13| | (CN121269912)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN121269912)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40 | CN202211182588 | CN202211182588 | CN115486402|CN115486402 | 103084426 | CN115486402 B 2025-08-19 [CN115486402B]|CN115486402 A 2022-12-20 [CN115486402] | 2022-09-27 | 2022-09-27 | 2025-08-19|2022-12-20 | (CN115486402B)|2025-08-19 | (CN115486402)|2042-09-27 | (CN115486402)|Shell carbon fixing fish reef and fish reef carbon fixing method | (CN115486402)|The invention provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef and a fish reef carbon sequestration method, and relates to the technical field of fish reefs. The shell carbon sequestration fish reef comprises a bottom frame, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage; the shell net cage is connected with the underframe; and the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe. According to the shell carbon sequestration fish reef and the fish reef carbon sequestration method, the bottom frame is supported through the shell net cage, so that the structural stability is improved, the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can also be lifted out of the water surface, the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be built, fishery development can be promoted, urban shell garbage can be utilized, and environmental protection is achieved. The carbon resource circulation of land and ocean is promoted, the affinity with the ocean is improved, and a better carbon sequestration effect can be obtained. | QINGDAO SHELL MUSEUM | (CN115486402)|QINGDAO SHELL MUSEUM ([CN])|(CN115486402)|QINGDAO SHELL MUSEUM ([CN]) | GENG BING | (CN115486402)|GENG BING|(CN115486402)|GENG BING | (CN115486402)|LIU WENQIANG;CHOFN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY|Reg. Nb: 11463 | (CN115486402)|The waste shell inorganic matters recovered by filling garbage in the shell net cage 200 can reduce the construction cost of the artificial fish reef, and has the advantages of (1) wide sources, easiness in obtaining and low construction investment, (2) good biocompatibility, no alkaline matters released, and (3) complex surface structure and high roughness, and can provide good adhesion base for attached organisms and fully exert carbon fixation energy.| | (CN115486402)|1. The shell carbon-fixing fish reef is characterized by comprising a bottom frame (100), a shell net cage (200) and a fishing net cage (300); the shell net cage (200) is connected with the underframe (100); the fishing net cage (300) is embedded above the underframe (100); the fishing net cage (300) comprises a supporting frame (310), a net body (320) and a one-way net door (330), wherein the net body (320) is connected to the supporting frame (310), and the one-way net door (330) is installed on the net body (320); The underframe (100) comprises a first annular piece (110) and a second annular piece (120), wherein the first annular piece (110) and the second annular piece (120) are coaxial and are arranged at intervals, the first annular piece (110) and the second annular piece (120) form a circular truncated cone-shaped structure, the first annular piece (110) is positioned above the second annular piece (120), a plurality of shell nettings (200) are arranged along a conical surface between the first annular piece (110) and the second annular piece (120), and the shell nettings (200) incline from bottom to top in a direction approaching to the axis of the first annular piece (110); The bottom of the supporting frame (310) is provided with a first tip (311), so that the bottom of the fishing net cage (300) forms a conical structure, a notch matched with the first tip (311) is formed by surrounding the first annular piece (110), and the first tip (311) can be embedded into the notch; a guide rope (400) is connected between the bottom frame (100) and the fishing net cage (300), and the fishing net cage (300) and the bottom frame (100) can be separated, so that the fishing net cage (300) can be lifted out of the water. | | (CN115486402)|The invention aims to provide a shell carbon fixing fish reef and a fish reef carbon fixing method, so as to solve the technical problem that an artificial fish reef in the prior art has poor affinity to sea.In a first aspect, the shell carbon sequestration fish reef provided by the invention comprises a chassis, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage;|The invention provides a shell carbon-fixing fish reef and a fish reef carbon-fixing method, and relates to the technical field of fish reefs, wherein the shell carbon-fixing fish reef comprises a chassis, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage; the shell net cage is connected with the underframe, and the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe.|The invention relates to the technical field of fish reefs, in particular to a shell carbon fixing fish reef and a fish reef carbon fixing method.| | (CN115486402)|FISHING NET CAGE(100,23)|REEF(100,20)|SHELL CARBON FIXING(100,12)|REEF CARBON FIXING(100,1)|SHELL NET CAGE(88,12)|FISH REEF(82,10)|ANNULAR PIECE(73,19)|FISH REEF CARBON FIXING(66,4)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF(62,4)|UNDERFRAME(46,12)|SHELL NETTING(39,13)|FISH REEF CARBON SEQUESTRATION(31,1)|NET DOOR(29,5)|GUIDE ROPE(25,4)|SHELL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(25,3)|LAND CARBON RESOURCE CIRCULATION(24,3)|FISHING CAGE(24,1)|ALKALINE MATTER(22,1)|CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT(22,1)|SUPPORTING UNDERFRAME(22,1)|FISHERY DEVELOPMENT(21,2)|BIOCOMPATIBILITY(21,1)|SHELL STABILIZED REEF(21,1)|BOTTOM FRAME(20,3)|INORGANIC MATTER(20,1)|CHASSIS(19,15)|CARBON FIXING(19,9)|NOTCH(19,4)|INCLINE(19,1)|SHELL NET(16,8)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,5)|ADHESION BASE(15,1)|ORGANISM(14,3)|GROWTH ENVIRONMENT(14,2)|CARBON FIXATION ENERGY(14,1)|SEA(13,11)|FISHING NET(12,29)|MARINE ORGANISM(10,6)|CONICAL STRUCTURE(10,2)|SUPPORTING FRAME(9,12)|CARBON FIXATION(9,2)|OFFSHORE FISHERY RESOURCE(9,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL NET DOOR(8,2)|WIDE SOURCE(8,1)|RING MEMBER(7,24)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF PROTECTION(7,1)|FISH PEST AVOIDANCE(7,1)|SHELLFISH REEF(6,1)|SHELLFISH SEEDLING(6,1)|ECOLOGICAL BREEDING(5,1)|FISH JOINT LIVING ENVIRONMENT(5,1)|MAINTAINING FISHERY RESOURCE(5,1)|PLANTING SEAWEED(5,1)|SEAWATER ORGANISM(5,1)|SHELL ADSORPTION(5,1)|POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(4,2)|CHASSIS NOTCH(4,1)|MARINE SHELL REEF(4,1)|SHELL NETPEN(4,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL MESH(4,1)|SUPPORT FRAME(3,3)|CONICAL SURFACE(3,2)|HABITAT CONDITION(3,1)|MARINE SUBSTANCE(3,1)|MEASURING SYSTEM(3,1)|NET CONTAINER(3,1)|OLD SHIP(3,1)|SHELL CYLINDER(3,1)|SHELL WASTE(3,1)|SOFT ROPE(3,1)|STABLE CHASSIS(3,1)|WASTE UTILIZATION(3,1)|200 SHELL NET CAGE(2,1)|400 GUIDING ROPE(2,1)|AQUATIC ORGANISM(2,1)|CALIBER(2,1)|COMPLEX SURFACE STRUCTURE(2,1)|CONCHIOID(2,1)||(CN115486402)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,20)|REEF(100,17)|FISH REEF(100,11)|SHELL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,11)|SHELL NET CAGE(100,7)|REEF CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|FISHING NET CAGE(84,14)|SHELLFISH CARBON SEQUESTRATION(52,5)|FISH REEF CARBON SEQUESTRATION(44,1)|FISH REEF CARBON FIXING(43,1)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF(42,3)|ARTIFICAL FISH(39,1)|SHELL ADSORPTION(39,1)|SHELL CYLINDER MOLD(36,2)|SHELL NET(31,11)|SHELL CARBON FIXING(31,7)|MARINE SUBSTANCE(30,1)|SHELL NETPEN(29,8)|FISHING CAGE(28,6)|ANNULAR MEMBER(27,12)|LAND CARBON RESOURCE CIRCULATION(27,2)|ALKALINE SUBSTANCE(26,1)|BOTTOM FRAME(25,10)|UNDERFRAME(23,11)|CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT(22,1)|FISHERY DEVELOPMENT(21,2)|INORGANIC MATTER(21,1)|CHASSIS(19,8)|NET DOOR(18,7)|FIXING CARBON(18,5)|GUIDING ROPE(18,2)|GROWTH ENVIRONMENT(18,1)|SHELL CAGE(18,1)|SHELL NET LENGTH(18,1)|CARBON FIXING(16,2)|SEA(15,11)|SHELL CYLINDER(15,5)|ORGANISM(15,2)|ADHESIVE BASE(14,1)|CARBON FIXATION ENERGY(14,1)|GUIDE ROPE(13,2)|RUBBISH(13,2)|SEAWATER(12,3)|RING MEMBER(10,20)|MARINE ORGANISM(10,7)|CONSTRUCTION COST(10,1)|MARINE SHELLFISH REEF(9,1)|CARBON FIXATION(8,3)|OFFSHORE FISHERY RESOURCE(8,1)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF PROTECTION(7,1)|SUPPORT FRAME(6,8)|CREATIVE EFFORT(6,2)|CONTACT AREA(6,1)|FISHING SUBMERGENCE(6,1)|SHELLFISH SEEDLING(6,1)|ANNULAR PIECE(5,5)|ECOLOGICAL BREEDING(5,1)|MAINTAINING FISHERY RESOURCE(5,1)|PLANTING SEAWEED(5,1)|SHELL NETNET(5,1)|FISHING BOTTOM(4,3)|POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(4,2)|FISH GROWING ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|FISH HARM(4,1)|FISH LIVING ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|CARBON RESOURCE(3,1)|CONICAL SURFACE(3,1)|FLEXIBLE ROPE(3,1)|HABITAT CONDITION(3,1)|MESH CONTAINER(3,1)|OLD SHIP(3,1)|STABLE CHASSIS(3,1)|URBAN SHELL GARBAGE CAN(3,1)|WASTE UTILIZATION(3,1)|FISHING TOP(2,3)|ALGAE(2,2)|200 SHELL NET CAGE(2,1)|400 GUIDING ROPE(2,1)|AQUATIC ORGANISM(2,1)|AVOIDANCE(2,1)|CALIBER(2,1)| | (CN115486402)|1. The shell carbon-fixing fish reef is characterized by comprising a bottom frame (100), a shell net cage (200) and a fishing net cage (300);| the shell net cage (200) is connected with the underframe (100); | the fishing net cage (300) is embedded above the underframe (100); | the fishing net cage (300) comprises a supporting frame (310), a net body (320) and a one-way net door (330), wherein the net body (320) is connected to the supporting frame (310), and the one-way net door (330) is installed on the net body (320); | The underframe (100) comprises a first annular piece (110) and a second annular piece (120), wherein the first annular piece (110) and the second annular piece (120) are coaxial and are arranged at intervals, the first annular piece (110) and the second annular piece (120) form a circular truncated cone-shaped structure, the first annular piece (110) is positioned above the second annular piece (120), a plurality of shell nettings (200) are arranged along a conical surface between the first annular piece (110) and the second annular piece (120), and the shell nettings (200) incline from bottom to top in a direction approaching to the axis of the first annular piece (110); | The bottom of the supporting frame (310) is provided with a first tip (311), so that the bottom of the fishing net cage (300) forms a conical structure, a notch matched with the first tip (311) is formed by surrounding the first annular piece (110), and the first tip (311) can be embedded into the notch; | a guide rope (400) is connected between the bottom frame (100) and the fishing net cage (300), and the fishing net cage (300) and the bottom frame (100) can be separated, so that the fishing net cage (300) can be lifted out of the water. |2. A shell-stabilized fish reef according to claim 1, wherein the guide rope (400) extends from the bottom of the fishing net cage (300) to the top of the fishing net cage (300).|3. A shell-stabilized reef according to claim 1, wherein the top of the support frame (310) is provided with a second tip (312).|4. A method for carbon sequestration of a fish reef, characterized in that a shell carbon sequestration fish reef according to any one of the preceding claims 1-3 is used and that it comprises the following steps:| Mounting the shell net cage (200) on the underframe (100); | a fishing cage (300) is embedded above the chassis (100). | (CN115486402)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fish reefs, in particular to a shell carbon fixing fish reef and a fish reef carbon fixing method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Under the general condition, the artificial fish reef is made of stone, old ships, cement building parts and other materials, has poor affinity to the ocean, has a poor carbon fixing effect, and has high cost. The modern industry and human life discharge a large amount of carbon dioxide and toxic and harmful three wastes, pollute the atmosphere and the sea, and seriously destroy the ecology.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0003] The invention aims to provide a shell carbon fixing fish reef and a fish reef carbon fixing method, so as to solve the technical problem that an artificial fish reef in the prior art has poor affinity to sea.|[0004] In a first aspect, the shell carbon sequestration fish reef provided by the invention comprises a chassis, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage;|[0005] the shell net cage is connected with the underframe; |[0006] The fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe. |[0007] With reference to the first aspect, the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the chassis includes a first ring-shaped member and a second ring-shaped member;|[0008] the first annular piece is coaxial with the second annular piece and is arranged at intervals; |[0009] a plurality of shell nettings are connected between the first annular piece and the second annular piece, and the shell nettings are arranged along the circumference of the first annular piece at intervals. |[0010] With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the first ring member is located above the second ring member, and a diameter of the first ring member is smaller than a diameter of the second ring member.|[0011] With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the shell netpen is inclined from bottom to top towards a direction approaching the axis of the first ring element.|[0012] With reference to the first aspect, the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a guide rope is connected between the chassis and the fishing net cage.|[0013] With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the guide rope penetrates from a bottom of the fishing net cage to a top of the fishing net cage.|[0014] With reference to the first aspect, the invention provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the fishing net cage comprises a supporting frame, a net body and a unidirectional net door;|[0015] The net body is connected with the supporting frame, and the unidirectional net door is arranged on the net body. |[0016] With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a bottom portion of the supporting frame is provided with a first tip portion.|[0017] With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a top portion of the supporting frame is provided with a second tip portion.|[0018] In a second aspect, the method for fixing carbon in a fish reef provided by the invention adopts the shell-fixing carbon fish reef, and comprises the following steps:|[0019] suspending the fishing net cage on the water surface; |[0020] and connecting the underframe provided with the shell net cage below the fishing net cage. |[0021] The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that the shell net cage is connected with the underframe, the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe, the shell net cage is used for taking the sea for the sea, the underframe is supported by the shell net cage, so that the structural stability is improved, the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can be lifted out of the water surface, the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be created, the development of fishery can be promoted, urban shell garbage can be utilized, the carbon resource circulation of land and sea can be promoted, the affinity with the sea can be improved, and a better carbon fixing effect can be obtained.|[0022] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.|[0024] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present invention when a fishing net cage is lifted;|[0025] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shell-stabilized carbon fish reef according to an embodiment of the present invention; |[0026] Fig. 3 is a top view of a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present invention. |[0027] The icons comprise 100-underframe, 110-first annular piece, 120-second annular piece, 200-shell net cage, 300-fishing net cage, 310-supporting frame, 311-first tip, 312-second tip, 320-net body, 330-one-way net door and 400-guiding rope.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Physical quantities in the formulas, unless otherwise noted, are understood to be basic quantities of basic units of the international system of units, or derived quantities derived from the basic quantities by mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.|[0030] In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.|[0031] As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a chassis 100, a shell net cage 200 and a fishing net cage 300, wherein the shell net cage 200 is connected with the chassis 100, and the fishing net cage 300 is embedded above the chassis 100.|[0032] Specifically, live fish may be captured by the fishing net 300, and the fishing net 300 may be movable with respect to the chassis 100, so that the fishing net 300 may be lifted out of the water. The shell net cage 200 is formed by filling shells into a net container, so that the seas can be used as the sea, the bottom frame 100 is supported by the shell net cage 200, and the structural stability is improved. The fishing net 300 can be dropped and embedded into the bottom frame 100, so that the fishing net 300 is immersed in water, the shell net 200 can be submerged in the water, the carbon resource circulation of land and sea is promoted by using urban shell garbage, the affinity with the sea is improved, and a better carbon fixing effect can be obtained.|[0033] It should be noted that, the combination of the shell net cage 200 and the fishing net cage 300 not only has the function of carbon fixation, but also can filter seawater, adsorb heavy metals, and further can improve the marine environment.|[0034] As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the chassis 100 includes a first ring member 110 and a second ring member 120, the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120 are coaxial and spaced apart, a plurality of shell nettings 200 are connected between the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120, and the plurality of shell nettings 200 are spaced apart along the circumference of the first ring member 110.|[0035] Specifically, a plurality of shell nettings 200 are supported between the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120, the number of shell nettings 200 may be set to 5-20, and the number of shell nettings 200 may be increased or decreased according to the radial dimensions of the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120. The seawater and impurities in the water may pass through the first ring member 110, the second ring member 120, and the gap between the adjacent two shell nettings 200, thereby capturing the carbon-containing compounds inside the shell nettings 200. In addition, the carbon-containing compound located outside the chassis 100 may be adsorbed on the outside of the shell cylinder mould 200, improving the marine environment by using the shell waste, and realizing the waste utilization.|[0036] Further, the first ring member 110 is located above the second ring member 120, and the diameter of the first ring member 110 is smaller than the diameter of the second ring member 120.|[0037] Accordingly, the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120 form a truncated cone-shaped structure, so that the stable chassis 100 is formed.|[0038] Further, shell cage 200 is inclined from bottom to top in a direction approaching the axis of first ring 110.|[0039] The plurality of shell nettings 200 are arranged along the conical surface between the first annular member 110 and the second annular member 120, so that the length dimension of the shell nettings 200 can be increased under the condition of limited height dimension of the underframe 100, and the contact area between the shell nettings 200 and marine substances can be increased, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the shells on carbon-containing compounds in seawater. The waste shell inorganic matters recovered by filling garbage in the shell net cage 200 can reduce the construction cost of the artificial fish reef, and has the advantages of (1) wide sources, easiness in obtaining and low construction investment, (2) good biocompatibility, no alkaline matters released, and (3) complex surface structure and high roughness, and can provide good adhesion base for attached organisms and fully exert carbon fixation energy.|[0040] As shown in fig. 1, a guide rope 400 is connected between the bottom frame 100 and the fishing net 300, and the guide rope 400 is a soft rope, so that the fishing net 300 is separated from the bottom frame 100 when the fishing net 300 is lifted upwards, and the fishing net 300 is lifted out of the water. The shell net cage 200 is formed by shells, so that carbon dioxide can be absorbed, seawater organisms can be parasitic, food and living environment are provided for the fishes in the fish catching net cage 300, and the joint living environment of the fishes and the marine organisms is created. After the marine shell reef is put in, the characteristics of a flow field around the reef body can be changed, suitable habitat conditions are created for the habitat and propagation of marine organisms, and meanwhile, a large amount of attached organisms on the reef body can habitat and propagate, so that not only can rich baits be provided for organisms such as fishes, but also good places are provided for spawning, propagation and pest avoidance of the fishes, and the ecological effects of improving the habitat, maintaining fishery resources and improving the biological resource quantity of sea areas are achieved. In addition, in the construction process of the shell fish reef, the ecological environment of the sea area can be effectively improved, the offshore fishery resource can be maintained, the diversity of marine organisms can be improved, and the safety of a marine ecological system can be maintained by scientifically putting in shellfish seedlings, planting seaweed, algae, proliferating aquatic organisms and other systematic measures.|[0041] As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the guide rope 400 penetrates from the bottom of the fishing net 300 to the top of the fishing net 300. When the top end of the guide rope 400 is lifted, the guide rope 400 can stably lift the fishing net 300.|[0042] Further, the bottom end of the guide rope 400 is connected to the first ring 110, and the guide rope 400 penetrates from the bottom of the fishing net 300 to the top of the fishing net 300, and the fishing net 300 can be lifted out of the water by lifting the top end of the guide rope 400.|[0043] As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, the fishing net 300 includes a support frame 310, a net body 320 and a one-way net door 330, the net body 320 is connected to the support frame 310, and the one-way net door 330 is mounted to the net body 320.|[0044] Specifically, the net 320 is connected to the supporting frame 310, and the structural stability of the net 320 is maintained by the supporting frame 310. The unidirectional mesh 330 is configured in a tapered structure with a caliber tapered from outside to inside so that the fish can enter the inside of the fishing net 300 from outside and the fish entering the inside of the fishing net 300 can be prevented from escaping.|[0045] Further, the bottom of the supporting frame 310 is provided with a first tip 311, so that the bottom of the fishing net 300 forms a tapered structure, thereby increasing the surface area of the fishing net 300.|[0046] Further, the chassis 100 is provided with a notch adapted to the first tip 311. The first ring member 110 encloses a notch, and the first tip 311 can be inserted into the notch of the chassis 100, so that the fishing net 300 is stable relative to the chassis 100.|[0047] Further, the top of the supporting frame 310 is provided with the second tip 312, so that the top of the fishing net 300 forms a conical structure, and the first tip 311 and the second tip 312 are both configured into a polygonal pyramid structure, so that the fishing net 300 forms a diamond-shaped structure, thereby not only improving the structural stability of the fishing net 300, but also increasing the surface area of the net body 320.|[0048] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the carbon sequestration method for a fish reef provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts the shell carbon sequestration fish reef described in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:|[0049] mounting the shell net cage 200 to the chassis 100; |[0050] The fishing net 300 is inserted over the chassis 100. |[0051] In the embodiment of the invention, the carbon fixing method for the fish reef has the technical effects of the shell carbon fixing fish reef, and the description is omitted herein. The shell carbon-fixing fish reef can be used for parasitizing various microorganisms and providing living places for marine organisms. Under the protection of the artificial fish reef, the ecological breeding method can be popularized to change the old method of excessive fishing, and on the other hand, algae and conchioids are utilized to capture carbon dioxide to purify the surrounding environment.|[0052] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution described in the above embodiments may be modified or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention. | (CN115486402)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fish reefs, in particular to a shell carbon fixing fish reef and a fish reef carbon fixing method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Under the general condition, the artificial fish reef is made of stone, old ships, cement building parts and other materials, has poor affinity to the ocean, has a poor carbon fixing effect, and has high cost. The modern industry and human life discharge a large amount of carbon dioxide and toxic and harmful three wastes, pollute the atmosphere and the sea, and seriously destroy the ecology.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0003] The invention aims to provide a shell carbon fixing fish reef and a fish reef carbon fixing method, so as to solve the technical problem that an artificial fish reef in the prior art has poor affinity to sea.|[0004] In a first aspect, the shell carbon sequestration fish reef provided by the invention comprises a chassis, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage;|[0005] the shell net cage is connected with the underframe; |[0006] The fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe. |[0007] With reference to the first aspect, the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the chassis includes a first ring-shaped member and a second ring-shaped member;|[0008] the first annular piece is coaxial with the second annular piece and is arranged at intervals; |[0009] a plurality of shell nettings are connected between the first annular piece and the second annular piece, and the shell nettings are arranged along the circumference of the first annular piece at intervals. |[0010] With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the first ring member is located above the second ring member, and a diameter of the first ring member is smaller than a diameter of the second ring member.|[0011] With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the shell netpen is inclined from bottom to top towards a direction approaching the axis of the first ring element.|[0012] With reference to the first aspect, the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a guide rope is connected between the chassis and the fishing net cage.|[0013] With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the guide rope penetrates from a bottom of the fishing net cage to a top of the fishing net cage.|[0014] With reference to the first aspect, the invention provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the fishing net cage comprises a supporting frame, a net body and a unidirectional net door;|[0015] The net body is connected with the supporting frame, and the unidirectional net door is arranged on the net body. |[0016] With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a bottom portion of the supporting frame is provided with a first tip portion.|[0017] With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a top portion of the supporting frame is provided with a second tip portion.|[0018] In a second aspect, the method for fixing carbon in a fish reef provided by the invention adopts the shell-fixing carbon fish reef, and comprises the following steps:|[0019] suspending the fishing net cage on the water surface; |[0020] and connecting the underframe provided with the shell net cage below the fishing net cage. |[0021] The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that the shell net cage is connected with the underframe, the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe, the shell net cage is used for taking the sea for the sea, the underframe is supported by the shell net cage, so that the structural stability is improved, the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can be lifted out of the water surface, the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be created, the development of fishery can be promoted, urban shell garbage can be utilized, the carbon resource circulation of land and sea can be promoted, the affinity with the sea can be improved, and a better carbon fixing effect can be obtained.|[0022] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.|[0024] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present invention when a fishing net cage is lifted;|[0025] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shell-stabilized carbon fish reef according to an embodiment of the present invention; |[0026] Fig. 3 is a top view of a shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by an embodiment of the present invention. |[0027] The icons comprise 100-underframe, 110-first annular piece, 120-second annular piece, 200-shell net cage, 300-fishing net cage, 310-supporting frame, 311-first tip, 312-second tip, 320-net body, 330-one-way net door and 400-guiding rope.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Physical quantities in the formulas, unless otherwise noted, are understood to be basic quantities of basic units of the international system of units, or derived quantities derived from the basic quantities by mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.|[0030] In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.|[0031] As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shell carbon-fixing fish reef provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a chassis 100, a shell net cage 200 and a fishing net cage 300, wherein the shell net cage 200 is connected with the chassis 100, and the fishing net cage 300 is embedded above the chassis 100.|[0032] Specifically, live fish may be captured by the fishing net 300, and the fishing net 300 may be movable with respect to the chassis 100, so that the fishing net 300 may be lifted out of the water. The shell net cage 200 is formed by filling shells into a net container, so that the seas can be used as the sea, the bottom frame 100 is supported by the shell net cage 200, and the structural stability is improved. The fishing net 300 can be dropped and embedded into the bottom frame 100, so that the fishing net 300 is immersed in water, the shell net 200 can be submerged in the water, the carbon resource circulation of land and sea is promoted by using urban shell garbage, the affinity with the sea is improved, and a better carbon fixing effect can be obtained.|[0033] It should be noted that, the combination of the shell net cage 200 and the fishing net cage 300 not only has the function of carbon fixation, but also can filter seawater, adsorb heavy metals, and further can improve the marine environment.|[0034] As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the chassis 100 includes a first ring member 110 and a second ring member 120, the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120 are coaxial and spaced apart, a plurality of shell nettings 200 are connected between the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120, and the plurality of shell nettings 200 are spaced apart along the circumference of the first ring member 110.|[0035] Specifically, a plurality of shell nettings 200 are supported between the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120, the number of shell nettings 200 may be set to 5-20, and the number of shell nettings 200 may be increased or decreased according to the radial dimensions of the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120. The seawater and impurities in the water may pass through the first ring member 110, the second ring member 120, and the gap between the adjacent two shell nettings 200, thereby capturing the carbon-containing compounds inside the shell nettings 200. In addition, the carbon-containing compound located outside the chassis 100 may be adsorbed on the outside of the shell cylinder mould 200, improving the marine environment by using the shell waste, and realizing the waste utilization.|[0036] Further, the first ring member 110 is located above the second ring member 120, and the diameter of the first ring member 110 is smaller than the diameter of the second ring member 120.|[0037] Accordingly, the first ring member 110 and the second ring member 120 form a truncated cone-shaped structure, so that the stable chassis 100 is formed.|[0038] Further, shell cage 200 is inclined from bottom to top in a direction approaching the axis of first ring 110.|[0039] The plurality of shell nettings 200 are arranged along the conical surface between the first annular member 110 and the second annular member 120, so that the length dimension of the shell nettings 200 can be increased under the condition of limited height dimension of the underframe 100, and the contact area between the shell nettings 200 and marine substances can be increased, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the shells on carbon-containing compounds in seawater. The waste shell inorganic matters recovered by filling garbage in the shell net cage 200 can reduce the construction cost of the artificial fish reef, and has the advantages of (1) wide sources, easiness in obtaining and low construction investment, (2) good biocompatibility, no alkaline matters released, and (3) complex surface structure and high roughness, and can provide good adhesion base for attached organisms and fully exert carbon fixation energy.|[0040] As shown in fig. 1, a guide rope 400 is connected between the bottom frame 100 and the fishing net 300, and the guide rope 400 is a soft rope, so that the fishing net 300 is separated from the bottom frame 100 when the fishing net 300 is lifted upwards, and the fishing net 300 is lifted out of the water. The shell net cage 200 is formed by shells, so that carbon dioxide can be absorbed, seawater organisms can be parasitic, food and living environment are provided for the fishes in the fish catching net cage 300, and the joint living environment of the fishes and the marine organisms is created. After the marine shell reef is put in, the characteristics of a flow field around the reef body can be changed, suitable habitat conditions are created for the habitat and propagation of marine organisms, and meanwhile, a large amount of attached organisms on the reef body can habitat and propagate, so that not only can rich baits be provided for organisms such as fishes, but also good places are provided for spawning, propagation and pest avoidance of the fishes, and the ecological effects of improving the habitat, maintaining fishery resources and improving the biological resource quantity of sea areas are achieved. In addition, in the construction process of the shell fish reef, the ecological environment of the sea area can be effectively improved, the offshore fishery resource can be maintained, the diversity of marine organisms can be improved, and the safety of a marine ecological system can be maintained by scientifically putting in shellfish seedlings, planting seaweed, algae, proliferating aquatic organisms and other systematic measures.|[0041] As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the guide rope 400 penetrates from the bottom of the fishing net 300 to the top of the fishing net 300. When the top end of the guide rope 400 is lifted, the guide rope 400 can stably lift the fishing net 300.|[0042] Further, the bottom end of the guide rope 400 is connected to the first ring 110, and the guide rope 400 penetrates from the bottom of the fishing net 300 to the top of the fishing net 300, and the fishing net 300 can be lifted out of the water by lifting the top end of the guide rope 400.|[0043] As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, the fishing net 300 includes a support frame 310, a net body 320 and a one-way net door 330, the net body 320 is connected to the support frame 310, and the one-way net door 330 is mounted to the net body 320.|[0044] Specifically, the net 320 is connected to the supporting frame 310, and the structural stability of the net 320 is maintained by the supporting frame 310. The unidirectional mesh 330 is configured in a tapered structure with a caliber tapered from outside to inside so that the fish can enter the inside of the fishing net 300 from outside and the fish entering the inside of the fishing net 300 can be prevented from escaping.|[0045] Further, the bottom of the supporting frame 310 is provided with a first tip 311, so that the bottom of the fishing net 300 forms a tapered structure, thereby increasing the surface area of the fishing net 300.|[0046] Further, the chassis 100 is provided with a notch adapted to the first tip 311. The first ring member 110 encloses a notch, and the first tip 311 can be inserted into the notch of the chassis 100, so that the fishing net 300 is stable relative to the chassis 100.|[0047] Further, the top of the supporting frame 310 is provided with the second tip 312, so that the top of the fishing net 300 forms a conical structure, and the first tip 311 and the second tip 312 are both configured into a polygonal pyramid structure, so that the fishing net 300 forms a diamond-shaped structure, thereby not only improving the structural stability of the fishing net 300, but also increasing the surface area of the net body 320.|[0048] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the carbon sequestration method for a fish reef provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts the shell carbon sequestration fish reef described in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:|[0049] mounting the shell net cage 200 to the chassis 100; |[0050] The fishing net 300 is inserted over the chassis 100. |[0051] In the embodiment of the invention, the carbon fixing method for the fish reef has the technical effects of the shell carbon fixing fish reef, and the description is omitted herein. The shell carbon-fixing fish reef can be used for parasitizing various microorganisms and providing living places for marine organisms. Under the protection of the artificial fish reef, the ecological breeding method can be popularized to change the old method of excessive fishing, and on the other hand, algae and conchioids are utilized to capture carbon dioxide to purify the surrounding environment.|[0052] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution described in the above embodiments may be modified or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention. | Family Number|(103084426)|103084426|Abstract|(CN115486402B B)|The invention provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef and a fish reef carbon sequestration method , and relates to the technical field of fish reefs . The shell carbon sequestration fish reef comprises a bottom frame , a shell net cage and a fishing net cage ; the shell net cage is connected with the underframe ; and the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe . According to the shell carbon sequestration fish reef and the fish reef carbon sequestration method , the bottom frame is supported through the shell net cage , so that the structural stability is improved , the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can also be lifted out of the water surface , the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be built , fishery development can be promoted , urban shell garbage can be utilized , and environmental protection is achieved . The carbon resource circulation of land and ocean is promoted , the affinity with the ocean is improved , and a better carbon sequestration effect can be obtained . |Title|(CN115486402 A)|Shell carbon sequestration fish reef and fish reef carbon sequestration method | | Other special machines | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/73|Y02A-040/81|Y02A-040/826 | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/73|Y02A-040/81|Y02A-040/826 | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/73 | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/73 | CN219330430U|CN210808820U|CN207948604U | CN219330430U 105721025 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|CN210808820U 89388915 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN207948604U 81648216 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN207948604U; CN210808820U; CN219330430U | GRANTED | (CN115486402)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN115486402)|ALIVE | (CN115486402)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN115486402|Actual or expected expiration date=2042-09-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2022-09-27|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202211182588|Application date=2022-09-27|Standardized application number=2022CN-1182588|Event publication date=2022-12-20|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115486402|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2022-12-20|Standardized publication number=CN115486402|Event publication date=2022-12-20|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-01-03|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-08-19|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115486402|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2025-08-19|Standardized publication number=CN115486402B|Event publication date=2025-08-19|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN115486402)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoQuxYl33/4oNBj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000078602641&ekey=2260&xpn=CN115486402B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=3s969quparvw2TJ5Twplv7msLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN115486402)|CN|(CN115486402)|CN | (CN115486402)|NAME=QINGDAO SHELL MUSEUM , COUNTRY=CN|(CN115486402)|NAME=QINGDAO SHELL MUSEUM , COUNTRY=CN | (CN115486402)|NAME=LIU WENQIANG;CHOFN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY , REG=11463|(CN115486402)|NAME=LIU WENQIANG;CHOFN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY , REG=11463 | (CN115486402)|CN| | (CN115486402)|NAME=GENG BING, COUNTRY=CN|(CN115486402)|NAME=GENG BING | Titre: (CN115486402)|Shell carbon fixing fish reef and fish reef carbon fixing method Résumé: (CN115486402)|The invention provides a shell carbon sequestration fish reef and a fish reef carbon sequestration method, and relates to the technical field of fish reefs. The shell carbon sequestration fish reef comprises a bottom frame, a shell net cage and a fishing net cage; the shell net cage is connected with the underframe; and the fishing net cage is embedded above the underframe. According to the shell carbon sequestration fish reef and the fish reef carbon sequestration method, the bottom frame is supported through the shell net cage, so that the structural stability is improved, the fishing net cage can be immersed in water and can also be lifted out of the water surface, the growth environment of fishes and marine organisms can be built, fishery development can be promoted, urban shell garbage can be utilized, and environmental protection is achieved. The carbon resource circulation of land and ocean is promoted, the affinity with the ocean is improved, and a better carbon sequestration effect can be obtained. | 30.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on fish reefs and carbon sequestration methods related to fishery development, not on ocean fertilization or phytoplankton growth. | 3.0 | 0.0 | (CN115486402)|1 | (CN115486402)|3 | (CN115486402)|4|(CN115486402)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN115486402)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN115486402)|Number of Claims: NCL=4|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-08-19|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-3401|Substantial examination effective date: 20230103 Examination duration: 31 months|Number of Pages: NPAGES=8|Primary examiner: 朱燕玲|Primary examiner: Zhu Yanling||(CN115486402)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2022-12-20|Gazette number: GAZNUM=38-5101|Number of Pages: NPAGES=8|Primary examiner: 朱燕玲|Primary examiner: Zhu Yanling| | (CN115486402)|Previous publication: CN115486402 A 2022-12-20 [CN115486402] | (CN115486402)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN115486402B)|Patent|(CN115486402)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 41 | US63/399,443P|US19/104,550|WOUS2023/072358 | WOUS2023/072358|US19/104,550 | US20260070017|WO2024/040147|WO2024/040147 | 108600998 | WO2024/040147 A3 2024-04-25 [WO202440147]|WO2024/040147 A2 2024-02-22 [WO202440147]|US20260070017 A1 2026-03-12 [US20260070017] | 2022-08-19|2023-08-17 | 2023-08-17|2023-08-17 | 2026-03-12|2024-04-25|2024-02-22 | (US20260070017)|2043-08-17|(WO2024/040147)|2026-02-19 | (US20260070017)|Hydroxychloride salt ocean alkalinity enhancement | (US20260070017)|The present technology provides for devices, methods, compositions, and systems for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units in ocean water for facilitating carbon sequestration. | MAGRATHEA METALS | (US20260070017)|MAGRATHEA METALS INC. ([US])|(WO2024/040147)|MAGRATHEA METALS INC. ([US])|(WO2024/040147)|MAGRATHEA METALS INC. ([US]) | GRANT ALEXANDER|BROWN JACOB | (US20260070017)|GRANT Alexander|BROWN Jacob | (WO2024/040147)|BECKLEY, Amber M. ([CA]) | (US20260070017)|It is appreciated that certain features of the present technology, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment.|This is useful in the case of the use of certain bitterns that have high concentrations of sulfate that could cause undesired reactions in steps 320 or 330.|This process is energy efficient because the dried source brine solid or slurry can comprise relatively large amounts of higher hydrates of magnesium chloride, thus not requiring as much energy as would the production of compositions comprising relatively low amounts of magnesium hexahydrate for the subsequent thermohydrolysis step.|It is believed that carbon dioxide capture and sequestration technologies will be necessary to mitigate or reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since many industrial processes are difficult or impossible to decarbonize.|One drawback with such processes is that they are energy intensive.| | (US20260070017)|1. A process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) subjecting a source of brine to a first thermal process, yielding a slurry or solid comprising an alkali earth salt; b) subjecting the slurry or solid to a second thermal process yielding hydrogen chloride depleted composition and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the hydrogen chloride depleted composition from the hydrogen chloride; and d) introducing hydrogen chloride depleted composition into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|10. The process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; b) subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the magnesium hydroxychloride from the hydrogen chloride; d) contacting the magnesium hydroxychloride with a sink brine to obtain a magnesium hydroxide suspension; e) separating the suspension to obtain the magnesium hydroxide and a magnesium chloride solution; and f) introducing the magnesium hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean;|12. A process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; b) removing the calcium sulfate to obtain a magnesium chloride solution; c) subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated magnesium chloride solution; d) subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide, and hydrogen chloride; e) separating the solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide from the hydrogen chloride; f) subjecting the solid mixture of the magnesium chloride, the magnesium hydroxychloride and the magnesium oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the magnesium salt and a mixture of the magnesium salt hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide; and g) introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide mixture into a sea or ocean thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and h) converting the magnesium chloride to elemental magnesium.| | (US20260070017)|Surprisingly, we have discovered energy efficient processes to increase the rate of the reactions leading to this pH decrease and at the same time separate the components produced by the disproportionation reactions happening in these bitterns into basic and acidic fractions.|The present technology provides for devices, methods, compositions, and systems for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units in ocean water for facilitating carbon sequestration.| | (US20260070017)|CHLORIDE SALT OCEAN(100,1)|CHLORIDE SALT OCEAN ALKALINITY(100,1)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HYDROXY(72,81)|SEA(54,107)|SEA TOTAL ALKALINITY(48,20)|MAGNESIUM HEXAHYDRATE(45,1)|ALKALI EARTH SALT(40,1)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE(38,139)|ALKALINITY ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTION(38,5)|DISPROPORTIONATION REACTION HAPPENING(36,1)|ELEMENTAL MAGNESIUM(34,2)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HYDRATE(32,11)|SLURRY(31,19)|ACIDIC FRACTION(31,1)|TOTAL ALKALINITY(30,20)|SEQUESTRATION(30,1)|ALKALINITY(29,34)|SINK BRINE(28,14)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXY CHLORIDE INTRODUCTION(27,1)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION(26,19)|UNDESIRED REACTION(25,1)|HYDROGEN CHLORIDE(24,53)|BITTERN(23,9)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTION(23,5)|CALCULATED CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(22,3)|DECREASING PH(22,1)|THERMOHYDROLYSIS(21,14)|MAGNESIUM SALT HYDROXY CHLORIDE(21,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(21,1)|MAGNESIUM OXIDE(20,36)|HYDROXY CHLORIDE(20,10)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SUSPENSION(20,4)|BASIC FRACTION(20,2)|ENERGY INTENSIVE(20,2)|SOURCE BRINE(19,36)|MAGNESIUM SALT(19,10)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE(18,18)|ANHYDROUS MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE(18,12)|SOLVENT SEPARATION(17,18)|CALCIUM SULFATE SUSPENSION(17,7)|DISPROPORTIONATION REACTION(17,1)|EVAPORATION(16,19)|UNDISSOLVED MGOHCL CHUNK REMNANT(16,1)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE(15,19)|SOURCE BRINE SOLID(15,1)|HYDROXY CHLORIDE SALT(14,15)|DRIED SOURCE BRINE SOLID(14,1)|PHASEPHASEEMPIRICAL FORMULACHANGE INITIATION TEMP(14,1)|HYDROXY HALIDE SALT(13,9)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(12,15)|CALCIUM SULFATE(11,8)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION MITIGATION(11,1)|TERRESTRIAL MINERAL MINING INVOLVEMENT(11,1)|CALCIUM CHLORIDE(10,11)|ASSESSING OCEAN ALKALINITY(10,1)|CORSIA ELIGIBLE TOKEN(10,1)|ENERGY EFFICIENT(9,5)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE(8,5)|ALKALINITY ELEVATING SUBSTANCE(8,1)|CALANDRIA CRYSTALIZER(8,1)|ESTIMATING SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|FLUIDIZED SUSPENSION CRYSTALIZER(8,1)|HYDROXIDE ENRICHED SINK BRINE(8,1)|LAB ATMOSPHERE INTERMIXING(8,1)|MGCL 81RATIOCONVERSION(8,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(7,22)|CABINET DRYER(7,2)|MICROWAVE DRYER(7,2)|ULTRASONIC DRYER(7,2)|AZEOTROPIC DESICCATION(7,1)|BAFFLED CRYSTALIZER(7,1)|CHLORIDE ENRICHED SINK BRINE(7,1)|FORCED CIRCULATION CRYSTALIZER(7,1)|NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION(7,1)|OCEAN DEACIDIFICATION(7,1)|PHILANTHROPICAL ORGANIZATION(7,1)|OCEAN WATER(6,8)|CRUDE MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE(6,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHED ATMOSPHERE(6,3)|MODEL OCEAN ENVIRONMENT(6,2)|SEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(6,2)|SHELF DRYER(6,2)|TRAY DRYER(6,2)|TUBE BUNDLE DRYER(6,2)|ALKALINITY PRECIPITATION(6,1)|BASELINE LEAKAGE EXPERIMENT(6,1)|BICARBONATE EQUILIBRATION(6,1)|CONCOMITANT SOCIAL(6,1)|GEOPHYSICS REVIEW(6,1)|GEOTHERMAL BRINE(6,1)|HCL VAPOR NEUTRALIZATION(6,1)|HOUSEHOLD OFFSET TOKEN(6,1)|MGOHCL EXPERIMENT(6,1)|OCEAN BRINE SAMPLE(6,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(6,1)|POTASH BITTERN(6,1)|SEA MITIGATION(6,1)|VOLUNTARY EMMISSION REDUCTION(6,1)|WORLD OCEAN PH(6,1)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE STREAM(5,4)|SODIUM CHLORIDE(5,3)|ALKALINITY PRODUCTION(5,2)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE BRINE(5,2)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE CRYSTAL(5,2)|SUBCOMBINATION(5,2)|SYNTHETIC BRINE(5,2)|ANALCHEM 9B(5,1)|BITTERN PH(5,1)|CALCIUM DEPLETION(5,1)|CORE GLOBAL EMISSION OFFSET(5,1)|CORKED FILTER FLASK(5,1)|CRUDE MGCL(5,1)|EARTH CRUST(5,1)|EUROPEAN ALLOWANCE(5,1)|GLOVE FINGER(5,1)|GLOVEBOX ATMOSPHERE(5,1)|HAZE PICTURE(5,1)|HAZY PRECIPITATE(5,1)|INSOLUBLE SALT COLLECTION(5,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXY CHLORIDE ADMIXTURE(5,1)|MARINE CDR(5,1)|OBTAINING ALKALINITY(5,1)|ORDINARY PRACTITIONER SKILL(5,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(5,1)|POTASH BRINE(5,1)|PRIVATE INDUSTRIAL OPERATOR(5,1)|PUBLIC DISSEMINATION(5,1)|REJECT BRINE(5,1)|SOLVENT SEPARATION(5,1)|STABLE PHASESOF MAGNESIUM(5,1)|TOUCAN EXCHANGE(5,1)|WASTE BITTERN(5,1)|WIPED FILM EVAPORATOR(5,1)|XPANSIVE EXCHANGE(5,1)|AQUEOUS SOLUTION(4,7)|INDUSTRIAL(4,5)|ACTIVE EXPERIMENT(4,3)|EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD(4,3)|HALIDE SOLUTION(4,3)|COUNTERPARTY(4,2)|ALKALI EARTH CHLORIDE(4,1)|AVERAGE SALINITY(4,1)|CALCIUM CHLORIDE HYDROXY(4,1)|CARBON CREDIT DENOMINATION(4,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION PROMOTION(4,1)|COOLED CRYSTALIZER(4,1)|CREDIT CLASS(4,1)|DESULFATED SOURCE BRINE(4,1)|DETRIMENTAL IMPACT(4,1)|ENRICHED RESIDUE(4,1)|EVAPORATION EQUIPMENT(4,1)|EVAPORATIVE EQUIPMENT PIECE(4,1)|EXPENSIVE DISPOSAL(4,1)|FILTRATION CENTRIFUGATION(4,1)|GLOBAL NATURE TOKEN(4,1)|HYDROGEN HALIDE DEPLETED CALCIUM(4,1)|HYDROXIDE ANION(4,1)|IMPURITY PROFILE(4,1)|INSOLUBLE CARBONATE(4,1)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE ELECTROLYTE MELT(4,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE LIBERATION(4,1)|MAGNESIUM METAL ELECTROWINNING(4,1)|MELTTEMP DEG(4,1)|MGOHCL CONTENT(4,1)|NATURAL CIRCULATION CRYSTALIZER(4,1)|NATURE GLOBAL EMISSION OFFSET(4,1)|NEGATIVE PRODUCTION EXTERNALITY(4,1)|REMOVAL CRYSTALIZER(4,1)|SALINITY CHANGE PLOT(4,1)|SOLVENT EVAPORATION(4,1)|SOLVENT PURIFIER SEPARATOR(4,1)|SUSPENDED IMPURITY(4,1)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TOKEN(4,1)|THERMOHYDROLYSIS REACTION(4,1)|UNDERGROUND SALT CAVERN(4,1)|UNDERGROUND TANK(4,1)|ALKALI EARTH METAL OXIDE(3,12)|HTTP(3,4)|CALCIUM CARBONATE(3,3)|ENERGY INPUT(3,3)|HALIDE SALT SOLUTION(3,3)|HYDROGEN CHLORIDE GAS(3,3)|IDENTIFICATION(3,3)|SEAWATER PH(3,3)|SETTLING TANK(3,3)|TOTAL DROP(3,3)|ALKALINITY UNIT PRODUCTION(3,2)|EFFLUENT(3,2)|FINANCIAL EXCHANGE(3,2)|FLASH TUBE DRYER(3,2)|HYDROXY METAL HALIDE(3,2)|PURITY MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE(3,2)|SALE(3,2)|SOLAR POND(3,2)|SOLID IMPURITY(3,2)|TCO(3,2)|07METAL MASS(3,1)|BRINE PROCESSING(3,1)|CALCIUM HALIDE(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION STRATEGY(3,1)|CARBON MITIGATION(3,1)|CARBON REMOVAL CREDIT(3,1)|CERTIFICATION(3,1)|COMPONENT HYDRATION(3,1)|CONSTANT SALINITY(3,1)|CUSTOMARY PRACTICE(3,1)|DEWATERING(3,1)|DRAFT TUBE CRYSTALIZER(3,1)|EARNING CARBON CREDIT(3,1)|ELECTROLYTIC MAGNESIUM METAL(3,1)|ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION(3,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION(3,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COST(3,1)|GAS IMPRINGER(3,1)|INVESTIGATION(3,1)|MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE TETRAHYDRATE(3,1)|MAGNESIUM HYDROXY CHLORIDE PHASE(3,1)|MODIFIED LITERATURE(3,1)|MOLEKULA CHEMICAL CO(3,1)|PARAMETER WINDOW(3,1)|PARTICULATE WHITE FILM(3,1)|PHILANTHROPIST(3,1)|RECYCLED SOLVENT(3,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY TOKEN(3,1)|RESIDUAL SOLVENT(3,1)|SCRUBBING MEDIUM(3,1)|SEA LIFE(3,1)|SEAWATER AMBIENT TEMPERATURE(3,1)|SOLVENT EXTRACTION(3,1)|SOURCE BRINE EVAPORATION(3,1)|STEADY DROP(3,1)|STIRRED REACTOR(3,1)|TEMPERATURESALINITY(3,1)|VERIFIED CARBON(3,1)|WATER APPRECIABLE EVAPORATION(3,1)|WATER CONCOMITANT EVAPORATION(3,1)|PPM(2,9)|ACIDIC COMPONENT(2,1)|ACIDIFIER(2,1)|ACX(2,1)|AGITATION(2,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(2,1)|AQUEOUS SOLVENT(2,1)|ASSAYING(2,1)|BEHAVIOR(2,1)|CAPITAL ASSET(2,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION AVOIDANCE(2,1)|CARBON TRADE EXCHANGE(2,1)|CHLORIDE MOLTEN SALT(2,1)|COBENEFIT(2,1)|COLLECTION PERIOD(2,1)|CONDUCTING THERMOHYDROLYSIS(2,1)|COUNTER SOLVENT(2,1)|CTX(2,1)|DESALINIZATION PLANT(2,1)|DETAIL TEACHING(2,1)||(WO2024/040147)|HYDROXYCHLORIDE SALT OCEAN ALKALINITY(100,1)|SALT OCEAN ALKALINITY(100,1)|ALKALINITY ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTION(38,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTION(24,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(13,1)|OCEAN WATER(8,1)||(WO2024/040147)|HYDROXYCHLORIDE SALT OCEAN ALKALINITY(100,1)|SALT OCEAN ALKALINITY(100,1)|ALKALINITY ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTION(38,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTION(24,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(13,1)|OCEAN WATER(8,1)| | (US20260070017)|1. A process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising:| a) subjecting a source of brine to a first thermal process, yielding a slurry or solid comprising an alkali earth salt;| b) subjecting the slurry or solid to a second thermal process yielding hydrogen chloride depleted composition and hydrogen chloride;| c) separating the hydrogen chloride depleted composition from the hydrogen chloride; and| d) introducing hydrogen chloride depleted composition into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|2. The process of claim 1, wherein the slurry or solid comprises at least about 50% of a magnesium chloride hydrate.|3. The process of claim 1, wherein the slurry or solid comprises at least about 75% of a magnesium chloride hydrate.|4. The process of claim 1, wherein the slurry or solid comprises at least about 90% of a magnesium chloride hydrate.|5. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second thermal process comprises adding the solid or slurry to a melt comprising between about 35% and about 65% magnesium chloride and sodium chloride.|6. The process of claim 5, wherein the hydrogen chloride depleted composition comprises anhydrous magnesium chloride and magnesium oxide.|7. The process of claim 6, further comprising recovering the anhydrous magnesium chloride from the hydrogen chloride depleted composition before introducing it into the sea or ocean.|8. The process of claim 7, wherein the second thermal process is conducted between 500 deg. C. and 850 deg. C.|9. The process of claim 8, wherein a carbon credit is based on a calculated carbon dioxide sequestration amount resulting from the introduction of the hydrogen halide depleted composition into the sea or ocean.|10. The process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising:| a) subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate;| b) subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride;| c) separating the magnesium hydroxychloride from the hydrogen chloride;| d) contacting the magnesium hydroxychloride with a sink brine to obtain a magnesium hydroxide suspension;| e) separating the suspension to obtain the magnesium hydroxide and a magnesium chloride solution; and| f) introducing the magnesium hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean;|11. The process of claim 10, wherein a carbon credit is based on a calculated carbon dioxide sequestration amount resulting from the introduction of the magnesium hydroxide into the sea or ocean.|12. A process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising:| a) contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension;| b) removing the calcium sulfate to obtain a magnesium chloride solution;| c) subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated magnesium chloride solution;| d) subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide, and hydrogen chloride;| e) separating the solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide from the hydrogen chloride;| f) subjecting the solid mixture of the magnesium chloride, the magnesium hydroxychloride and the magnesium oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the magnesium salt and a mixture of the magnesium salt hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide; and| g) introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide mixture into a sea or ocean thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and| h) converting the magnesium chloride to elemental magnesium.|13. The process of claim 12, wherein the solvent used in the solvent separation process is methanol.|14. The process of claim 12, wherein a carbon credit is claimed based on a calculated carbon dioxide sequestration amount resulting from the introduction of the magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide mixture into the sea or ocean. | (US20260070017)|FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY|[0001] The present technology provides for devices, methods, compositions, and systems for environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units in ocean water for facilitating carbon sequestration.|BACKGROUND|[0002] It is believed that carbon dioxide capture and sequestration technologies will be necessary to mitigate or reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since many industrial processes are difficult or impossible to decarbonize.|[0003] At the same time, ocean acidification has been identified as a concurrent problem of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Since the start of the industrial age, it has been estimated that the pH of the world's oceans has dropped by 0.1 pH unit, representing a 30% increase in the hydrogen cation concentration as expressed on a linear scale. This rise in acidity has been demonstrated to have detrimental impacts on ocean life. Thus, there is considerable interest in both mitigating ocean acidification and promoting carbon sequestration, especially without the involvement of terrestrial mineral mining.|[0004] The production of salt and potash results in waste bitterns, sometimes called “reject brines”, that need to be safely disposed of. These bitterns are produced by the evaporation of source brines, collection of the relatively insoluble salts, and optionally, treatment with other minerals, such as, but not limited to calcium oxide. They often contain significant leftover concentrations of Mg2+ and Cl− and may be useful for alkalinity unit production. In some cases, naturally occurring and synthetic brines have high Mg2+ and Cl− concentrations and can be used for alkalinity unit production as well. Table I shows a comparison of the compositions between seawater, and a brine and bittern derived from a chlor-alkali process plant. All three of these compositions are possible source brines for the processes of the present technology.|TABLE 1 Exemplary typical of seawater, brines and bitterns PropertySeawaterBrineBittern Specific Gravity1.031.221.24 pH8.157.136.95 Baum'e3.525.528.5 Na (ppm)1088010289077890 K (ppm)39435607630 Ca (ppm423340150 Mg (ppm)13111191031740 Cl (ppm)19655185500191160 Sulfate (ppm)27421673043230 |[0005] The buffering characteristics of bitterns have been investigated in the course of studying changes in pH during the processing of certain brines into bitterns (Bodine, M. W. Jr.; Geology (1974) 4 (2): 76-80), incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. It was noted that the pH of the bitterns decreases as they evaporate. Surprisingly, we have discovered energy efficient processes to increase the rate of the reactions leading to this pH decrease and at the same time separate the components produced by the disproportionation reactions happening in these bitterns into basic and acidic fractions. The basic fractions comprising alkalinity units that can be introduced into seas and oceans and acidic components that are economically valuable. These processes are advantageous because these bitterns are normally considered waste products that require expensive disposal methods.|[0006] Processes using magnesium chloride for carbon sequestration have been described. U.S. Pat. No. 10,583,394, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, discloses a carbon dioxide sequestration process comprising reacting magnesium chloride with steam to produce an admixture of magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride and subsequently reacting the magnesium hydroxychloride with steam to produce magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride, the magnesium hydroxide then being used as a carbon dioxide sequestering agent in combination with calcium chloride and steam to produce calcium carbonate and magnesium chloride. One drawback with such processes is that they are energy intensive.|[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 11,326,188, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, discloses a process for the production of magnesium oxide and hydrogen chloride from solid magnesium chloride by a process of thermohydrolysis, where the magnesium chloride solid comprises at least 60% magnesium chloride tetrahydrate and preferably less than 30% magnesium chloride hexahydrate by drying magnesium chloride containing solutions at temperatures between 100° C. and 160° C. Such processes require that input streams have narrow composition limits and the process conditions have narrow operating parameter windows.|[0008] Approaches to increasing ocean alkalinity have been reviewed. Renforth describes a number of carbon dioxide sequestration strategies comprising adding alkalinity elevating substances to ocean waters in order to increase the rate of formation of carbonate and bicarbonate from atmospheric carbon dioxide in ocean water. (Renforth, P., & Henderson, G. (2017), incorporated herein in it entirety by reference). Assessing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration. Reviews of Geophysics, 55 (3), 636-674. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000533.|[0009] However, the processes described in the above two references are energy intensive and, in some cases, involve the mining of minerals from the earth's crust with their concomitant social and environmental impacts.|[0010] There is thus a need in the field for processes that alleviate at least some of the above-mentioned drawbacks.|SUMMARY|[0011] Ultimately, the efficiency of the process to provide alkalinity units for sea and ocean deacidification and carbon sequestration is dependent on the quantity of alkalinity units produced versus several parameters. These parameters include, but are not limited to, energy input, costs of starting material inputs, depreciation of capital assets, transportation, commercial sale value of side streams, revenues from the provision of disposal services of some inputs, and the creation of positive or negative production externalities typically monetized as the sale or trade of various carbon credits. The process of the present technology presents advantages in one or more of these considerations.|[0012] Herein, is disclosed a process for the energy efficient and environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units suitable for increasing the alkalinity and carbon sequestration capacity of seas and oceans. In other instances, these alkalinity units may be used to mitigate the environmental impact of industrial waste streams. In some cases, the processes of the present technology produces commercially valuable side streams that can be used to offset the costs of the environmental mitigation effects, or even in some cases make the processes economically valuable even not taking into account the potential values of various carbon credits that can be claimed by the operators due to the mitigation effects.|[0013] Surprisingly, the present investigators have found that a wide variety of magnesium chloride containing liquid sources, herein referred to as “source brines”, can be energy efficiently and environmentally benignly, processed to provide for hydrogen chloride depleted compositions which can be introduced into seas and oceans to increase their alkalinity. This increase in alkalinity may both mitigate the adverse effects of acidification on sea and ocean ecosystems, as well as increase the carbon sequestration capacity of those bodies of water. Additionally, the processes of the present technology may furnish valuable side stream products such as hydrochloric acid and high purity magnesium chloride.|[0014] Certain alkali earth metal salts undergo a process that is referred to as thermohydrolysis. As used herein, the term “thermohydrolysis” refers to the process where alkali earth metal halides such as, but not limited to magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, react with water to liberate the corresponding hydrogen halide to yield a solid, solution, or slurry that possess a neutralizing activity towards acids, hence providing compositions that provide alkalinity units. While the term “thermohydrolysis” generally refers to such a process that is conducted at an elevated temperature with respect to room temperature, depending on the starting composition and pressure, useful rates of reactions may occur even at temperatures below room temperature. It should be noted that if short reaction times are not required, conducting thermohydrolysis processes at relatively low temperatures is advantageous in terms of the required energy inputs.|[0015] This process can be illustrated with the following set of equations for the thermohydrolysis of aqueous composition comprising magnesium chloride and possible subsequent reactions. These compositions can be aqueous solutions, or compositions comprising solid magnesium chloride hydrates, since at some temperatures, solid magnesium chloride hydrates can change phase, yielding what are essentially aqueous, albeit, concentrated, solutions:|[0016] Equation 1 shows the first step of thermohydrolysis where magnesium chloride, for example, reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride. Here, the water may be supplied by providing water, or an aqueous solvent, or in the case of a solid starting composition, the water of hydration of one or more of the components serves as the water source. Equation 2 shows the second possible step of the thermohydrolysis where the magnesium hydroxychloride formed in the first step disproportionates into magnesium chloride and magnesium hydroxide. Equation 3 shows how the liberated magnesium hydroxide can act as a source of alkalinity units and as a carbon sequestration agent. Equation 4 shows a second possible path for magnesium hydroxide to disproportionate into magnesium oxide and water.|[0017] The overall equation for the carbon dioxide sequestration, taking into account the equilibration of bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide at pH 8.1 and 20 deg. C. is shown in equation 5, and may be used to estimate the amount of carbon dioxide induced to be sequestered by the addition of a given amount of magnesium hydroxide to a body of water. Since magnesium oxide hydrates to the hydroxide upon contact with water, this equation may also be used for estimating the sequestration effect for the addition of magnesium oxide to bodies of water as well. Equation 5 can be used to calculate the number of carbon credits that can be claimed or sold based on the composition of the alkalinity units produced by the processes described herein and the particular definition of the carbon unit to be claimed or sold.|[0018] Table 2 shows the known phases of magnesium hydroxychloride which may be obtained by the processes described herein, either in an isolated form, or as part of a more complex composition. Typically, these compositions comprising magnesium hydroxychloride may be made by mixing specific ratios of aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride and solid magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide, or process sequences or parameters may be adjusted to give the desired final composition directly. Here, the compositions comprising magnesium hydroxychloride may be made directly from source brines, reducing the energy input and process complexity associated with previous methods.|TABLE 2 Empirical Formulas of Stable Phasesof Magnesium Hydroxychorides Lower Hydrates and PhasePhaseEmpirical FormulaChange Initiation Temp. 1Mg3(OH)4Cl2•4H2O 22Mg2(OH)3Cl•4H2O32Mg3(OH)5Cl•4H2O4Mg10(OH)18Cl2•5H2O52Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•2H2OPhase 1 dihydrate; ~230° C.63Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•5H2OPhase 2 pentahydrate; ~110° C.73Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•4H2OPhase 2 tetrahydrate; ~140° C.85Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•4H2OPhase 3 tetrahydrate; ~120° C.95Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•3H2OPhasc 3 trihydrate; ~150° C.109Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•2H2OPhase 4 dihydrate; ~190° C. |[0019] While existing technologies for producing alkalinity units depend on a process utilizing direct conversion of magnesium chloride to magnesium hydroxide or oxide, we discovered that under certain conditions, alkalinity units may be efficiently produced by processes that are designed to use only the first step, or equation 1 of the thermohydrolysis reaction, thus being able to utilize a wider range of input compositions and requiring much lower amounts of energy. In other embodiments, a multi-step process may be used that forms magnesium oxide and anhydrous magnesium chloride especially suitable for the electrowinning of magnesium magnesium metal. Thus, the present technology can be thought of as a very forgiving process for efficiently obtaining alkalinity units for deacidification and enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of seas and oceans. In a sense, the present technology provides efficient processes for the production of hydrogen halide depleted alkali earth metal compositions, here termed hydrogen halide depleted compositions. These compositions are the source of the alkalinity units for the mitigation of sea and ocean acidification and the promotion of carbon sequestration.|[0020] As used herein, the expression “hydrogen halide depleted composition” refers to compositions obtained by processes that, starting from aqueous solutions, or solid hydrates of alkali earth metals, result in the evolution of hydrogen halide and the formation of hydroxide anions associated with the alkali earth metal. This term may be modified by specifying the particular alkali earth metal or hydrogen halide, but the general meaning remains the same. So, for example, we may refer to a hydrogen chloride depleted composition, which would result from subjecting an alkali earth chloride salt to thermohydrolysis, or we could refer to a hydrogen halide depleted calcium composition, which would result from subjecting a calcium halide salt to thermohydrolysis.|[0021] It is to be noted that hydrogen halide depleted composition encompasses not only compositions that result from Equations 1 and 2, but also to compositions that have subsequently underwent the reactions shown in Equations 3, or 4. It is to be noted that during the processes of the present technology, reactions 2 and 4 may take place concomitantly with reaction 1. Reaction 5 is caused to occur when the alkalinity unit or units are introduced into a body of water.|[0022] In some embodiments, these hydrogen chloride depleted compositions are mixed with aqueous solutions, here termed “sink brines”, and directed into seas and oceans, thus adding alkalinity units to those bodies of water, or are used to mitigate the environmentally detrimental properties of industrial waste streams. In other embodiments, these hydrogen chloride depleted compositions are directly directed into seas and oceans or to mitigate the environmentally detrimental properties of industrial waste streams. In still other embodiments, the processes described herein provide high purity magnesium chloride containing solutions or solids suitable for magnesium metal production or other industrial uses.|[0023] Thus, the present technology provides for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units suitable for introduction into sea and ocean waters or mitigate the environmentally detrimental properties of industrial waste streams.|[0024] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for systems, compositions, and methods for production of alkalinity units comprising sink brines enriched in alkali earth metal hydroxychlorides.|[0025] In other embodiments, the present technology provides for systems, compositions, and methods for reacting carbon dioxide with metal hydroxychloride enriched sink brines. In still other embodiments, the present technology provides for systems, compositions, and methods for increasing the alkalinity of seawater by introducing an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride, oxide, or hydroxide enriched sink brine into a sea or ocean. In other embodiments, the alkalinity units may comprise hydrogen chloride depleted compositions that can be deposited directly into seas and oceans without the intermediate step of mixing with a sink brine.|[0026] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to a first thermal process, yielding a solid or slurry composition comprising an alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate; b) subjecting the solid or slurry composition comprising the alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate to a second thermal process yielding a composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the hydrogen chloride from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt; and d) optionally, introducing the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0027] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to a first a thermal process, yielding a solid or slurry composition comprising an alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate; b) subjecting the solid or slurry composition comprising the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a second thermal process yielding a composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt from the hydrogen chloride; d) contacting the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt with a sink brine to obtain an alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension in an alkali earth metal chloride salt solution; e) separating the suspension to obtain the metal hydroxide and the metal chloride solution; f) optionally, introducing the metal hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and g) optionally recovering the metal chloride salt from the metal chloride salt solution.|[0028] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: a) contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; b) removing the calcium sulfate to obtain a composition comprising the alkali earth metal chloride salt solution; c) subjecting the composition comprising the alkali earth metal chloride solution to a first thermal process, yielding a solid or slurry composition comprising a the metal chloride salt, d) subjecting the solid or slurry composition comprising the metal chloride salt to a second thermal process yielding a composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; e) separating the hydrogen chloride from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt; and f) optionally, introducing the metal hydroxychloride into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0029] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; b) subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the magnesium hydroxychloride from the hydrogen chloride; and d) introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0030] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; b) subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the magnesium hydroxychloride from the hydrogen chloride; d) contacting the magnesium hydroxychloride with a sink brine to obtain a magnesium hydroxide suspension; e) separating the suspension to obtain the magnesium hydroxide and a magnesium chloride solution; f) introducing the magnesium hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and g) optionally recovering the magnesium chloride from the magnesium chloride solution.|[0031] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; b) removing the calcium sulfate to obtain a magnesium chloride solution; c) subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated magnesium chloride solution; d) subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide, and, hydrogen chloride; e) separating the solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide from the hydrogen chloride; f) subjecting the solid mixture of the magnesium chloride, the magnesium hydroxychloride and the magnesium oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the magnesium salt and a mixture of the magnesium salt hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide; g) introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide mixture into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and h) converting the magnesium chloride to elemental magnesium.|[0032] In another embodiment, the first or second thermal process may be an evaporative process. In still another embodiment, the hydrogen chloride is hydrogen chloride gas or a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. In one embodiment, the metal chloride salt is magnesium chloride. In one embodiment, the metal hydroxychloride salt is magnesium hydroxychloride. In one embodiment, the metal hydroxide is magnesium hydroxide. In one embodiment, the metal oxide is magnesium oxide.|(US20260070017)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES|[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates a process of the present technology where a magnesium chloride containing source brine is converted by the reaction illustrated by equation 1 into alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxychloride.|[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates a process of the present technology where a magnesium chloride containing source brine is converted by the reaction illustrated by equation 1 into magnesium hydroxychloride, and further converted by the reaction illustrated by reaction 3 into alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxide and a solution of magnesium chloride.|[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates a process of the present technology where a purification step 310 is performed prior to the process illustrated in FIG. 1.|[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates a process of the present technology where alkalinity units are produced in conjunction with the production of anhydrous magnesium chloride suitable for the electrolytic production of magnesium metal.|[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates a process of the present technology where a solid or slurry composition comprising magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxychloride is recovered from a settling tank and deposited to a sea or ocean.|[0038] FIG. 6 illustrates a graph of the time course of the removal of carbon dioxide from an atmosphere by a composition synthesized by heating magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 450 deg. C. for 4 hours.|[0039] FIG. 7 illustrates a graph of the time course of the change in pH of the seawater enriched by a composition synthesized by heating magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 450 deg. C. for 4 hours during the removal of carbon dioxide from an atmosphere.|[0040] FIG. 8 illustrates a graph of the time course of the change in salinity of the seawater enriched by a composition synthesized by heating magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 450 deg. C. for 4 hours during the removal of carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere.|[0041] FIG. 9 illustrates a graph of the time course of the ambient temperature of the seawater enriched by a composition synthesized by heating magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 450 deg. C. for 4 hours during the removal of carbon dioxide from an atmosphere.|[0042] FIG. 10 is a picture of the haze formed by precipitation of minerals during the removal of carbon dioxide from an atmosphere that has been enriched in carbon dioxide.|[0043] FIG. 11 is a plot of the data shown in Table 6 relating the temperature of the dehydration to the ratio of formation of magnesium oxide to the formation of anhydrous magnesium chloride.|(US20260070017)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0044] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present technology belong. All patents, patent applications, published applications and publications, websites and other published materials referred to throughout the entire disclosure herein, unless noted otherwise, are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that there are a plurality of definitions for terms herein, those in this section prevail. Where reference is made to a URL or other such identifier or address, it is understood that such identifiers can change and particular information on the internet can come and go, but equivalent information can be found by searching the internet. Reference thereto evidences the availability and public dissemination of such information.|[0045] While the present technology has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present technology, including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the present technology pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth, and as follows in the scope of the appended claims.|[0046] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.|[0047] As used herein, ranges and amounts can be expressed as “about” a particular value or range. “About” also includes the exact amount. Hence “about 5 percent” means “about 5 percent” and also “5 percent.” As used herein, the term “about” means within typical experimental error for a measurement typically used for purpose intended, or, if referred to in the context of a process parameter, the term about should be construed in the context of the sensitivity of such process to the particular parameter. When a list of parameters or ranges is preceded by the term “about”, it is intended that the term “about” applies to each of the members of the list.|[0048] As used herein, “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance does or does not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. For example, an optional component in a system means that the component may be present or may not be present in the system.|[0049] As used herein, “weight percent” or “wt %” refers to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100.|[0050] As used herein, unless specifically noted, the term “or” means inclusive “or.” So the term (A or B) means A, B, as well as A and B.|[0051] It is appreciated that certain features of the present technology, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present technology, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. All combinations of the embodiments pertaining to the present technology are specifically embraced by the present technology and are disclosed herein just as if each and every combination was individually and explicitly disclosed. In addition, all sub-combinations of the various embodiments and elements thereof are also specifically embraced by the present technology and are disclosed herein just as if each and every such sub-combination was individually and explicitly disclosed herein.|[0052] Where an optional step is recited in an embodiment, the intention is that the embodiment discloses both the process incorporating the optional step, as well as the process omitting the optional step.|[0053] As used herein, the expression “source brine” refers to any aqueous solution comprising an alkali earth metal compound. Typically, the alkali earth metal compound may be an alkali earth metal salt, alkali earth metal oxide, alkali earth metal carbonate, alkali earth metal bicarbonate, alkali earth metal hydroxide, or alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide. Typical source brines include, but are not limited to, ocean water, sea water, brines such as derived from bodies of water such as The Great Salt Lake, and bitterns such as, but not limited to sea salt or potash bitterns.|[0054] In some preferred embodiments, the alkali earth metal is magnesium, and the source brines comprise magnesium chloride. In other preferred embodiments, the alkali earth metal is calcium, and the source brines comprise calcium chloride.|[0055] As used herein, the term “sink brine” refers to freshwater, seawater or other aqueous solution which is environmentally suitable for discharge into a sea or ocean or for use as a scrubbing medium for industrial waste streams such as flue gases.|[0056] As used herein, the expression “sea or ocean” means any natural or man-made body of water with an average salinity of greater than 6 g/kg of sodium chloride. In one embodiment, source or sink brines may be seawater, geothermal brines, effluents from desalination systems, solar ponds, potash brines, or bitterns. In another embodiment, the source or sink brines may be synthetic brines. Typically, synthetic source brines may be effluents from industrial chemical processes such as desalination plants or any other process that produces an aqueous stream comprising dissolved or suspended magnesium compounds. Typically, a sink brine is seawater.|[0057] As used herein, the expression “alkalinity unit” refers to a composition comprising a hydrogen chloride depleted composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide, an alkali earth metal hydroxide, an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal bicarbonate, or an alkali earth metal carbonate, each of which, alone, or in combination, increases the pH of an aqueous solution into which it is introduced. A typical alkalinity unit will be the mass of the hydrogen halide or hydrogen chloride depleted composition that causes the body of water into which it is deposited to absorb an additional amount of carbon dioxide over a period of about 1 year than would have been absorbed if no alkalinity units had been deposited therein and therefore entitles the party that deposits the alkalinity units into the body of water to carbon removal (offset) credits, in this case, the class of credits are sometimes called “marine CDR” or “mCDR”.|[0058] While the process of the present technology provides for earning of carbon removal credits, the generation of anhydrous magnesium chloride by some of the processes may also entitle the operator for carbon mitigation credits that reward the avoidance of carbon dioxide production in industrial processes, here, the production of magnesium metal from the more efficiently produced anhydrous magnesium chloride. This amount would correspond to the denomination of the carbon credit which typically be one ton of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere, though they are typically traded in lots of 100 to 1000 tons of carbon dioxide captured or mitigated. However, the denomination is used here for convenience and may be any amount that qualifies the operator for a carbon credit that is issuable upon completion of a process described herein. Carbon credits are traded on several financial exchanges, such as, but not limited to Carbon Trade Exchange, (CTX, https://ctxglobal.com/), Aircarbon Exchange (ACX, https://acx.net/), Xpansiv and Toucan (https://toucan.earth/). Credits may also trade on financial exchanges such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The carbon credits traded on the CTX include: Voluntary Emmission reduction (VER), Certified Emission Reduction (CER), Verified Carbon Units (VCU), and European Allowance (EUAA). The carbon credits trading on the ACX include: CORSIA eligible Token (CET), Renewable Energy Token (RET), Global Nature Token (GNT), Nature Based Token Accompanied by Additional Certifications for Co-Benefits Achieved (GNT+), Sustainable development token (SDT), and Household Offset Token (HOT). The carbon credits trading on the Xpansive exchange include Global Emissions Offset (CBL GEO), Nature-Based Global Emissions offset (CBL-N-GEO), and the Core Global Emissions OFFSET (CBL C-GEO). The carbon credits trading on the Toucan exchange is the TCO2 and BCT.|[0059] Thus, in some embodiments, the present technology provides for compositions, methods, and systems for earning carbon credits such as, but not limited to, VER, CER, VCU, EUAA, CET, RET, GNT, GNT+, SDT, HOT, CBL GEO, CBL N-GEO, CBL C-GEO, BCT and TCO2.|[0060] The carbon credits may be claimed or sold through an exchange, or directly from a counterparty wishing to offset emission or decrease the existing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or ocean. The counterparties may be, but are not limited to private industrial operators, corporations, public benefit corporations, foundations, Distributed Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), Block Chains, philanthropists and philanthropical organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), local, state, provincial, national and international bodies.|[0061] It is noted that the removal of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, or soluble carbonates from a body of water shifts the equilibrium described in Equation 5 such that, over time, will result in removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and in some instances, increase the pH of the body of water.|[0062] Preferred alkalinity units are compositions comprising magnesium or calcium hydroxychlorides, magnesium or calcium hydroxides, magnesium or calcium oxides, magnesium or calcium bicarbonates, or magnesium or calcium carbonates.|[0063] The present technology provides for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units suitable for introduction into sea or ocean waters, and optionally providing feedstocks for other industrial processes.|[0064] FIG. 1 illustrates a process according to one embodiment of the present technology where a magnesium chloride containing source brine is converted by the reaction illustrated by equation 1 into alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxychloride. As shown in FIG. 1, a source brine is converted to a solid or slurry by a first thermal process 110, then the solid or slurry is subjected to a second thermal process 120, resulting in the liberation of hydrogen chloride and a magnesium hydroxychloride enriched residue which is deposited into a sea or ocean. In some instances, the first thermal process and the second thermal process may be combined into a single unit operation or be performed sequentially in a single piece of equipment. In some embodiments, the first thermal process may be an evaporative process. Typically, an evaporative process may comprise simply leaving a source brine in a solar pond until the required degree of evaporation has taken place, or, it may comprise a process of subjecting the source brine to a piece of evaporative equipment such as a film evaporator, rotary evaporator or other equipment suitable for evaporating solvents from solutions, slurries, or wet solids such as, but not limited to, rotary dryer, kiln, fluidized bed dryer, drum dryer, spray dryer, tray dryer, cabinet dryer, vacuum shelf dryer, microwave dryer, belt dryers, flash tube dryers, tube bundle dryers, or ultrasonic dryer. In some cases, two or more types of drying methods may be employed in series. Other types of evaporators suitable for handling slurries or solutions include, but are not limited to boilers, crystallizers, wiped film evaporators, falling film evaporators, draft tube crystallizers, calandria-type crystallizers, forced circulation crystallizers, natural circulation crystallizers, single stage flash with intermediate gas/slurry separation, baffled crystallizers, surface cooled crystallizers, fluidized suspension crystallizers, mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizers, and flash drums. This process is energy efficient because the dried source brine solid or slurry can comprise relatively large amounts of higher hydrates of magnesium chloride, thus not requiring as much energy as would the production of compositions comprising relatively low amounts of magnesium hexahydrate for the subsequent thermohydrolysis step. The subsequent thermohydrolysis step is also energy efficient since complete thermohydrolysis to the hydroxide or oxide is not required to generate the alkalinity unit. Although the buffering capacity of magnesium hydroxychloride is lower on a molar basis than that of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide, the most costly input, the energy required to drive the reaction, is considerably less, thus making the overall process more efficient.|[0065] FIG. 2 illustrates the process of FIG. 1 where a second step of reacting the magnesium hydroxychloride according to equation 3 is performed in an energy efficient manner by allowing the magnesium hydroxychloride to remain in contact with the sink brine in the process 230 so that the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide drives the reaction towards completion without the need for a thermal source to drive the reaction. The process 230 can be accomplished by means generally known in the art such as stirred reactors, settling tanks, centrifugal filtration or other equipment suitable for conducting the reaction and subsequent separation of the products. The resulting magnesium chloride solution may be recycled as the source brine or used in other industrial processes such as the production of electrolytic magnesium metal. The evolved hydrogen chloride may likewise be used in other industrial processes.|[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates a process of the present technology where a purification step 310 precedes the process illustrated in FIG. 1. Here, a calcium chloride solution is added to the source brine to precipitate sulfate. This is useful in the case of the use of certain bitterns that have high concentrations of sulfate that could cause undesired reactions in steps 320 or 330.|[0067] In some embodiments, the hydrogen chloride produced by the thermohydrolysis processes of the present technology may be used to recycle the calcium sulfate produced in the purification step into calcium chloride, thus mitigating the need for large amounts of external calcium chloride input.|[0068] FIG. 4 illustrates a process of the present technology where a falling film evaporator 420 is used to concentrate a desulfated source brine before it is subjected a spray drying process 430. While this example shows the concentrated magnesium chloride brine to have a concentration of 35% magnesium chloride, the concentration of magnesium chloride may range from about 10% to 50%. After concentration, the concentrated magnesium chloride brine undergoes partial thermohydrolysis according to equations 1 and 4 to yield a composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide. This composition is then subjected to a solvent separation step 440 wherein anhydrous magnesium chloride is produced in conjunction with the alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide.|[0069] In one embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is an alcohol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is methanol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is ethanol. In one embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises an alcohol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises methanol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises ethanol.|[0070] FIG. 5 illustrates a process of the present technology where a source brine is used directly in the solvent extraction process to generate anhydrous magnesium chloride in conjunction with alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide. In this exemplary embodiment, the source brine comprising crude magnesium chloride is introduced into a feed supply 510, where crude magnesium chloride is stored before being fed into the dryer 120. The brine in the feed supply 510 can be stored in tanks, ponds, underground tanks, underground salt caverns, or channels. The type of dryer 520 can be a rotary dryer, kiln, fluidized bed dryer, drum dryer, spray dryer, tray dryer, cabinet dryer, vacuum shelf dryer, microwave dryer, belt dryers, flash tube dryers, tube bundle dryers, or ultrasonic dryer, or any other crystallizer, or drying equipment described herein. In some cases, two or more types of drying methods may be employed in series. In certain applications, the feed supply 510 may not comprise storage, but be an inlet to the dryer 520. In this case, the crude MgCl2 may be directly introduced into the dryer 520. Once the crude magnesium chloride has been dried, typically to about two waters of hydration, the crude, dry magnesium chloride is charged into the leach tank 530, where it is treated with a solvent system comprising one, or a combination of solvents and agitated for a period of time to allow the magnesium chloride to dissolve. The time interval required may be based on the nature of the crude magnesium chloride, such as particle size, impurity profile and degree of hydration, or temperature, or may be determined by periodically assaying the concentration of magnesium chloride dissolved in the solvent. The leach tank may be agitated with various agitators, tumblers, gas impringers, or baffles. Multiple leach tanks can be implemented to run in series on in a counter current fashion. The residence time of the MgCl2 in the tanks typically will range from about 5 minutes to about 2 hours, 2 hours to 5 hours, 5 hours to 12 hours, 12 hours to 24 hours, or 24 hours to 7 days. After the requisite time interval, the solvent, along with suspended impurities is transferred into a settling tank 540, where the solid impurities are removed. Alternatively, the solids may be removed by filtration, flocculation, centrifugation, or any other such methods known in the art. The settled solids are then transferred to an acidifier 580, and treated with HCl gas to convert any magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxychloride to crude magnesium chloride which is transferred into feed storage. The hydrogen chloride gas may be captured from the thermohydrolysis step. Once the solid impurities have been removed, the magnesium chloride solution is transferred into a crystallizer 550, where the purified magnesium chloride is crystallized out. The crystallization process may be performed by evaporation, temperature manipulation, addition of a counter solvent, or other way known in the art. Once the crystallization process has been completed, the solid magnesium chloride may be separated from the solvent by settling, filtration, centrifugation, or other dewatering methods known in the art. Depending on the solvent system used and the crystallization method, the crystallized magnesium chloride may retain some waters of hydration, crystallize as a solvate, or as anhydrous magnesium chloride. The crystallized magnesium chloride is then transferred into a dryer 560, where the residual solvent or solvent of hydration is removed. The solvent from the crystallizer and the dryer 560 is recycled by the solvent purifier/separator 170, and the recycled solvent is sent back to the leach tank for the next round of purification. The purification of the solvent may be accomplished by distillation or crystallization in the case of high melting point solvents. Any residual water, if the solvent system employed is anhydrous, if not separable through simple fractional distillation, may be removed by treatment with a drying agent, such as, but not limited to molecular sieves, CaCl2), MgSO4, CaSO4, H2SO4, alumina, CaO, or azeotropic desiccation.|[0071] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal halide salt hydrate; subjecting the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and a hydrogen halide; separating the hydrogen halide from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt; and optionally, introducing the metal hydroxyhalide salt into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0072] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal halide salt hydrate; subjecting the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and a hydrogen halide; separating the hydrogen halide from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt; contacting the alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt with a sink brine to obtain an alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension; separating the suspension to obtain the alkali earth metal hydroxide and an alkali metal halide solution; introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally recovering the alkali earth metal halide salt from the alkali earth metal halide solution, and optionally, introducing the recovered alkali earth metal halide salt into a sea or ocean, thus total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0073] In some embodiments, the alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension may be directly used as a carbon sequestration composition to remove carbon dioxide directly from industrial waste streams such as flue gases.|[0074] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; removing the calcium sulfate to obtain an alkali earth metal halide salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal halide solution to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal halide salt hydrate, subjecting the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and a hydrogen halide; separating the hydrogen halide from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt; and optionally, introducing the metal hydroxyhalide salt into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0075] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; removing the calcium sulfate to obtain an alkali earth metal halide salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal halide solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated alkali earth metal halide salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal halide salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising the alkali earth metal halide salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and an alkali earth metal oxide and, a hydrogen halide; separating the hydrogen halide from the solid composition comprising the alkali earth metal halide salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and an alkali earth metal oxide; subjecting the solid mixture of the alkali earth metal halide salt, the alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and the alkali earth metal oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the alkali earth metal salt and a mixture of the alkali earth metal salt hydroxyhalide and alkali earth metal oxide; and optionally, introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide and alkali earth metal oxide mixture into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally converting the alkali earth metal halide salt to an elemental alkali earth metal.|[0076] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate; subjecting the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen chloride from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt; optionally, introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0077] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate; subjecting the alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen chloride from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt; contacting the alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt with a sink brine to obtain an alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension; separating the suspension to obtain the alkali earth metal hydroxide and a alkali earth metal chloride solution; and optionally, introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally recovering the alkali earth metal chloride salt from the alkali earth metal chloride solution.|[0078] In some embodiments, the alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension may be directly used as a carbon sequestration composition to remove carbon dioxide directly from industrial waste streams such as flue gases.|[0079] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; removing the calcium sulfate to obtain an alkali earth metal chloride salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal chloride solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated alkali earth metal chloride salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising an alkali earth metal chloride salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and an alkali earth metal oxide, and, hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen chloride from the solid composition comprising the alkali earth metal chloride salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and an alkali earth metal oxide; subjecting the solid composition comprising an alkali earth metal chloride salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and an alkali earth metal oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the alkali earth metal chloride salt and a mixture of an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and an alkali earth metal oxide; introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and the alkali earth metal oxide mixture into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally converting the alkali earth metal salt to an elemental alkali earth metal.|[0080] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to a first an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen chloride from the magnesium hydroxychloride; and introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0081] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen halide from the magnesium hydroxychloride; contacting the magnesium hydroxychloride with a sink brine to obtain a magnesium hydroxide suspension; separating the suspension to obtain the magnesium hydroxide and magnesium chloride solution; and optionally, introducing the magnesium hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally, recovering the magnesium chloride from the magnesium chloride solution.|[0082] In some embodiments, the magnesium hydroxide suspension may be directly used as a carbon sequestration composition to remove carbon dioxide directly from industrial waste streams such as flue gases.|[0083] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; removing the calcium sulfate to obtain a magnesium chloride solution; subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated magnesium chloride solution; subjecting the magnesium chloride hydrate to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, a magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide, and, hydrogen chloride; subjecting the solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the magnesium chloride and a mixture of the magnesium salt hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide; and optionally, introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide mixture into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally converting the magnesium chloride to elemental magnesium metal.|[0084] In one embodiment, the alkali earth metal chloride is magnesium chloride. In one embodiment, the alkali earth metal hydroxychloride is magnesium hydroxychloride. In one embodiment, the alkali earth metal hydroxide is magnesium hydroxide. In one embodiment, the alkali earth metal oxide is magnesium oxide.|[0085] In one embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is an alcohol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is methanol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is ethanol. In one embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises an alcohol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises methanol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises ethanol.|[0086] One aspect of the present technology is that the hydrogen chloride generated in the thermal processes may be recovered in a readily usable form such as a gas, or as a concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid. In one embodiment, the hydrogen chloride is hydrogen chloride gas or a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution.|[0087] In one embodiment the hydrochloric acid solution has a concentration of about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 35%, and about 35% to about 40%.|[0088] The thermal processes referred herein may be conducted with the concomitant evaporation of water or a solvent, or, under conditions where no appreciable evaporation of water or solvent occurs. In certain embodiments, a thermal process is an evaporative process.|[0089] In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is in the form of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 45% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 50% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 55% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 60% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 65% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 65% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 70% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 75% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 80% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 85% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 90% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 95% of the dihydrate.|[0090] In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is in the form of the hexahydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of less than about 45% of the tetrahydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 45% of the hexahydrate.|[0091] In a preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 450° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 400° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 350° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 325° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 300° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 275° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 250° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 250° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 225° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 200° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 180 C° and about 350° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 200 C° and about 325° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 225 C° and about 300° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 250 C° and about 275° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 275 C° and about 350° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 200 C° and about 300° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 225 C° and about 250° C.|[0092] FIG. 6 shows the time course data of the concentration of CO2 in a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere (Open Circle: MgOHCl in seawater in controlled atmosphere, solid Square: control seawater in controlled atmosphere, Solid Diamond: the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere in nature) obtained in the following experiment demonstrating a process where a sample of ocean brine obtained from the San Francisco Bay is used to generate alkalinity units and decrease the carbon dioxide concentration of a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere that is exposed to it. Synthesis: MgCl2·6H2O was obtained from Molekula Chemical Co. Seawater was obtained from San Francisco Bay. MgOHCl was synthesized by heating 167 g of solid MgCl2·6H2O to 450° C. for four hours in a corked filter flask. This flask was insulated. The off-gas was bubbled through a Na2CO3 solution for neutralization of HCl vapors. No melting was noted. The sample hardened and was broken into ˜1 cm chunks. No further processing of the sample was performed. Analysis by a modified literature method (Method To Determine MgO and MgOHCl in Chloride Molten Salts, Noah Klammer, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Youyang Zhao, Yilin Wu, and Judith Vidal, Analytical Chemistry 2020 92 (5), 3598-3604, DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04301) found that the MgOHCl content was 78%, showing the “MgOHCl” obtained was 22% anhydrous MgCl2 equivalent and 78% MgOHCl. Model Ocean Environment: A model ocean environment was set up in a glovebox. A metal tray was plasti-dipped beforehand to limit corrosion during the experiment. The tray was filled with the ocean water and the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was increased ˜10 fold compared to a standard atmosphere (450 ppm) using a tank of compressed pure CO2. The pH, temperature, and humidity were monitored. The salinity was not monitored for the control experiment but was measured for the active experiment involving MgOHCl addition to the seawater. These parameters were monitored 3-4 times per day for at least a week until a steady state was obtained. The experiment included adding 37 g of MgOHCl, synthesized as described above, to 2,900 g of seawater, the control did not include any MgOHCl in 2,800 g of seawater. A baseline leakage experiment, for 4 days showed no drop in CO2 atmosphere suggesting leakage rates were extremely low. Control: The control experiment was performed for a total of 7 days. The starting atmospheric CO2 concentration in the glovebox was around 4,200 ppm. This value was used as the starting concentration in order to speed up the rate at which measurable changes in CO2 would occur and provide the required proof of concept. The concentration of CO2 slowly dropped by a total of 320 ppm. The first 17 hours or so accounted for 42% of the total drop. This drop in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was associated with a drop in pH of the seawater over the same period suggesting the CO2 dissolved into the seawater as carbonic acid. This initial period of rapid CO2 dissolution is driven by the perturbation of the buffered system. After this initial period of pH drop, there was no statistically significant variation in pH for the remainder of the experiment. The humidity reached its steady state value after this period of time as well and showed very little variation throughout the experimental period, however, it was uncorrelated with the CO2 concentration. Temperature did not change significantly throughout the experimental period. The CO2 concentration dropped continuously throughout the first five days of the experiment. We note that after letting the seawater sit over the weekend, the concentration approximated at steady state as shown in Table 3.|TABLE 3 Data for control experimentTimeCO2 Concentration Temperature(hours)(ppm)pHHumidity(° C.) 041707.6151%23.2141077.5675%23.31740367.2697%21.71940027.2398%22.22240217.2295%22.72540037.295%22.94139937.1397%23.14339837.1697%22.94639787.1797%23.26439537.297%22.86739167.1697%22.97138877.1696%247338887.1897%23.99038507.2499%22.99237977.2199%22.99638017.1899%23.516138507.2799%21.9 |[0093] MgOHCl Addition to Seawater: The experiment was performed by adding 36 g of MgOHCl to 2,900 g of seawater. This corresponds to an addition of 47 g of total MgOHCl material, 22% of which included anhydrous MgCl2. This time the salinity of the seawater was monitored throughout the experiment along with pH. The starting concentration of CO2 was 4,767 ppm, slightly higher than the previous experiment. Before the addition, the pH was around 7.59 which was approximately the same as the control experiment's starting value pH and the salinity was 15.4 ppt (parts per thousand) in agreement with tests from before and after the previous experiment as shown in Table 4.|TABLE 4 Raw data for the MgOHCl addition experiment(ppt = parts per thousand).TimeCO2 TemperatureSalinity(hours)(ppm)HumiditypH(° C.)(ppt) 0476732%9.5322.817.32452677%9.5622.619.419410796%8.6321.219.322401496%8.6321.218.825395196%8.721.21927389097%8.6521.51943349498%8.6422.119.546339798%8.721.919.449330198%8.5922.118.969276299%8.421.418.776258299%8.562118.792220899%8.5221.818.795210099%8.6921.819.197202299%8.5921.818.499197899%8.6421.918.8165107899%8.4822.419.517199597%8.5222.919.117595797%8.6423.419.318781399%8.5822.219.319079599%8.5822.419.219375999%8.6622.219.119573697%8.6922.819.6 |[0094] After the addition of MgOHCl, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere did not initially change, however a dramatic increase in pH to 9.53 was seen accompanied by a modest increase in salinity. Throughout this period, the humidity climbed towards its steady state value. Similar to the previous experiment, after 19 hours the solution reached a steady state value for pH and salinity. After this same period of time, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere dropped by 600 ppm, almost 3.5 x the amount it dropped in the same period of time for the control experiment. It is important to note that while this period accounted for 42% of the total drop in CO2 concentration in the control, this drop only accounted for 14% of the total drop of 4,031 ppm for the active experiment involving addition of MgOHCl. The experimental data for the seawater and atmosphere in glovebox above it are plotted in FIG. 6 for control and active experiments involving addition of MgOHCl to the seawater. FIG. 7 shows the plot of the pH changes. FIG. 8 shows the plot of the salinity changes. FIG. 9 shows the plot of the temperature during the experimental periods. The seawater pH increases and remains high while the atmosphere CO2 concentration reduces significantly compared to a control experiment when MgOHCl was added to the seawater. The constant salinity throughout the experiment suggests the possible precipitation of carbonate minerals from the seawater when MgOHCl is added such as magnesium or calcium carbonate. A white film of particulates was observed on the bottom of the pan containing the seawater for the experiment involving MgOHCl addition, but it was not observed in the control experiment. A photo can be seen in FIG. 10, the large particles are remnants of undissolved MgOHCl chunks, the “Mg2+ image was made by wiping the newly formed precipitate using a gloved finger for clarity. An increase in salinity and a steady drop in pH would be expected for an accumulation of carbon in the form of carbonic acid or bicarbonate. The best explanation for this behavior of the system is that MgOHCl created units of alkalinity which allowed for the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere of the glovebox. Data collection was stopped early for the MgOHCl experiment due to an intermixing of the lab atmosphere and the controlled atmosphere. However, the seawater was able to continue dropping the CO2 concentration well below the standard atmospheric concentration as low as 180 ppm in the atmosphere. This extra data is presented in Table 5.|TABLE 5 Data taken from after the main collection period. DateTimeCO2 (ppm)Temperature (° C.) October 268:14a59723.9 —1:11p56223.5 —2:52p55923.4 October 282:45p33221.6 —6:15p32622.5 October 311:32p18221.9 |[0095] Table 6 shows the temperature dependence of a process for production of magnesium oxide in a magnesium chloride electrolyte melt. To a melt comprising 50% magnesium chloride and 50% sodium chloride was added magnesium chloride dihydrate at various temperatures. After a period of agitation, the precipitated alkalinity units, comprising magnesium oxide were separated and weighed. The ratio of magnesium oxide to anhydrous magnesium chloride produced was determined. The results are presented in Table 6, calculated to show how much mass of magnesium oxide is produced relative to the mass of magnesium metal that can be produced from the anhydrous magnesium chloride generated by dehydrating magnesium chloride dihydrate in the melt at various temperatures. FIG. 10 shows the hazy precipitate formed during the experiment, demonstrating the production of insoluble carbonates that is the mechanism for carbon sequestration caused by the processes described herein.|TABLE 6 Production of magnesium oxide in amagnesium chloride electrolyte meltTemp deg. C.610660700760810860 MgO, eq. of MgOHCl:Mg0.460.340.240.220.120.07metal mass* ratioMgO:Mg metal mass*0.920.540.550.951.030.81ratioConversion of MgCl2 to41%30%29%39%40%34%MgO *M metal mass is the equivalent amount of Mg metal in the electrolyte for MgCl2 that was fed to the melt and did not hydrolyze|[0096] The data shown in Table 6 is plotted and shown in FIG. 11.|[0097] Any element of any embodiment may be used in any embodiment. Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made without departing from the essential teachings of the invention. Identification of equivalent compositions, methods and kits are well within the skill of the ordinary practitioner and would require no more than routine experimentation, in light of the teachings of the present disclosure. Practice of the disclosure will be still more fully understood from the following examples, which are presented herein for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure in any way.|[0098] All references cited in this specification, and their references, are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety where appropriate for teachings of additional or alternative details, features, and/or technical background.|[0099] While the disclosure has been particularly shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also, that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims. | (US20260070017)|FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY|[0001] The present technology provides for devices, methods, compositions, and systems for environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units in ocean water for facilitating carbon sequestration.|BACKGROUND|[0002] It is believed that carbon dioxide capture and sequestration technologies will be necessary to mitigate or reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since many industrial processes are difficult or impossible to decarbonize.|[0003] At the same time, ocean acidification has been identified as a concurrent problem of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Since the start of the industrial age, it has been estimated that the pH of the world's oceans has dropped by 0.1 pH unit, representing a 30% increase in the hydrogen cation concentration as expressed on a linear scale. This rise in acidity has been demonstrated to have detrimental impacts on ocean life. Thus, there is considerable interest in both mitigating ocean acidification and promoting carbon sequestration, especially without the involvement of terrestrial mineral mining.|[0004] The production of salt and potash results in waste bitterns, sometimes called “reject brines”, that need to be safely disposed of. These bitterns are produced by the evaporation of source brines, collection of the relatively insoluble salts, and optionally, treatment with other minerals, such as, but not limited to calcium oxide. They often contain significant leftover concentrations of Mg2+ and Cl− and may be useful for alkalinity unit production. In some cases, naturally occurring and synthetic brines have high Mg2+ and Cl− concentrations and can be used for alkalinity unit production as well. Table I shows a comparison of the compositions between seawater, and a brine and bittern derived from a chlor-alkali process plant. All three of these compositions are possible source brines for the processes of the present technology.|TABLE 1 Exemplary typical of seawater, brines and bitterns PropertySeawaterBrineBittern Specific Gravity1.031.221.24 pH8.157.136.95 Baum'e3.525.528.5 Na (ppm)1088010289077890 K (ppm)39435607630 Ca (ppm423340150 Mg (ppm)13111191031740 Cl (ppm)19655185500191160 Sulfate (ppm)27421673043230 |[0005] The buffering characteristics of bitterns have been investigated in the course of studying changes in pH during the processing of certain brines into bitterns (Bodine, M. W. Jr.; Geology (1974) 4 (2): 76-80), incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. It was noted that the pH of the bitterns decreases as they evaporate. Surprisingly, we have discovered energy efficient processes to increase the rate of the reactions leading to this pH decrease and at the same time separate the components produced by the disproportionation reactions happening in these bitterns into basic and acidic fractions. The basic fractions comprising alkalinity units that can be introduced into seas and oceans and acidic components that are economically valuable. These processes are advantageous because these bitterns are normally considered waste products that require expensive disposal methods.|[0006] Processes using magnesium chloride for carbon sequestration have been described. U.S. Pat. No. 10,583,394, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, discloses a carbon dioxide sequestration process comprising reacting magnesium chloride with steam to produce an admixture of magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride and subsequently reacting the magnesium hydroxychloride with steam to produce magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride, the magnesium hydroxide then being used as a carbon dioxide sequestering agent in combination with calcium chloride and steam to produce calcium carbonate and magnesium chloride. One drawback with such processes is that they are energy intensive.|[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 11,326,188, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, discloses a process for the production of magnesium oxide and hydrogen chloride from solid magnesium chloride by a process of thermohydrolysis, where the magnesium chloride solid comprises at least 60% magnesium chloride tetrahydrate and preferably less than 30% magnesium chloride hexahydrate by drying magnesium chloride containing solutions at temperatures between 100° C. and 160° C. Such processes require that input streams have narrow composition limits and the process conditions have narrow operating parameter windows.|[0008] Approaches to increasing ocean alkalinity have been reviewed. Renforth describes a number of carbon dioxide sequestration strategies comprising adding alkalinity elevating substances to ocean waters in order to increase the rate of formation of carbonate and bicarbonate from atmospheric carbon dioxide in ocean water. (Renforth, P., & Henderson, G. (2017), incorporated herein in it entirety by reference). Assessing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration. Reviews of Geophysics, 55 (3), 636-674. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000533.|[0009] However, the processes described in the above two references are energy intensive and, in some cases, involve the mining of minerals from the earth's crust with their concomitant social and environmental impacts.|[0010] There is thus a need in the field for processes that alleviate at least some of the above-mentioned drawbacks.|SUMMARY|[0011] Ultimately, the efficiency of the process to provide alkalinity units for sea and ocean deacidification and carbon sequestration is dependent on the quantity of alkalinity units produced versus several parameters. These parameters include, but are not limited to, energy input, costs of starting material inputs, depreciation of capital assets, transportation, commercial sale value of side streams, revenues from the provision of disposal services of some inputs, and the creation of positive or negative production externalities typically monetized as the sale or trade of various carbon credits. The process of the present technology presents advantages in one or more of these considerations.|[0012] Herein, is disclosed a process for the energy efficient and environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units suitable for increasing the alkalinity and carbon sequestration capacity of seas and oceans. In other instances, these alkalinity units may be used to mitigate the environmental impact of industrial waste streams. In some cases, the processes of the present technology produces commercially valuable side streams that can be used to offset the costs of the environmental mitigation effects, or even in some cases make the processes economically valuable even not taking into account the potential values of various carbon credits that can be claimed by the operators due to the mitigation effects.|[0013] Surprisingly, the present investigators have found that a wide variety of magnesium chloride containing liquid sources, herein referred to as “source brines”, can be energy efficiently and environmentally benignly, processed to provide for hydrogen chloride depleted compositions which can be introduced into seas and oceans to increase their alkalinity. This increase in alkalinity may both mitigate the adverse effects of acidification on sea and ocean ecosystems, as well as increase the carbon sequestration capacity of those bodies of water. Additionally, the processes of the present technology may furnish valuable side stream products such as hydrochloric acid and high purity magnesium chloride.|[0014] Certain alkali earth metal salts undergo a process that is referred to as thermohydrolysis. As used herein, the term “thermohydrolysis” refers to the process where alkali earth metal halides such as, but not limited to magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, react with water to liberate the corresponding hydrogen halide to yield a solid, solution, or slurry that possess a neutralizing activity towards acids, hence providing compositions that provide alkalinity units. While the term “thermohydrolysis” generally refers to such a process that is conducted at an elevated temperature with respect to room temperature, depending on the starting composition and pressure, useful rates of reactions may occur even at temperatures below room temperature. It should be noted that if short reaction times are not required, conducting thermohydrolysis processes at relatively low temperatures is advantageous in terms of the required energy inputs.|[0015] This process can be illustrated with the following set of equations for the thermohydrolysis of aqueous composition comprising magnesium chloride and possible subsequent reactions. These compositions can be aqueous solutions, or compositions comprising solid magnesium chloride hydrates, since at some temperatures, solid magnesium chloride hydrates can change phase, yielding what are essentially aqueous, albeit, concentrated, solutions:|[0016] Equation 1 shows the first step of thermohydrolysis where magnesium chloride, for example, reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride. Here, the water may be supplied by providing water, or an aqueous solvent, or in the case of a solid starting composition, the water of hydration of one or more of the components serves as the water source. Equation 2 shows the second possible step of the thermohydrolysis where the magnesium hydroxychloride formed in the first step disproportionates into magnesium chloride and magnesium hydroxide. Equation 3 shows how the liberated magnesium hydroxide can act as a source of alkalinity units and as a carbon sequestration agent. Equation 4 shows a second possible path for magnesium hydroxide to disproportionate into magnesium oxide and water.|[0017] The overall equation for the carbon dioxide sequestration, taking into account the equilibration of bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide at pH 8.1 and 20 deg. C. is shown in equation 5, and may be used to estimate the amount of carbon dioxide induced to be sequestered by the addition of a given amount of magnesium hydroxide to a body of water. Since magnesium oxide hydrates to the hydroxide upon contact with water, this equation may also be used for estimating the sequestration effect for the addition of magnesium oxide to bodies of water as well. Equation 5 can be used to calculate the number of carbon credits that can be claimed or sold based on the composition of the alkalinity units produced by the processes described herein and the particular definition of the carbon unit to be claimed or sold.|[0018] Table 2 shows the known phases of magnesium hydroxychloride which may be obtained by the processes described herein, either in an isolated form, or as part of a more complex composition. Typically, these compositions comprising magnesium hydroxychloride may be made by mixing specific ratios of aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride and solid magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide, or process sequences or parameters may be adjusted to give the desired final composition directly. Here, the compositions comprising magnesium hydroxychloride may be made directly from source brines, reducing the energy input and process complexity associated with previous methods.|TABLE 2 Empirical Formulas of Stable Phasesof Magnesium Hydroxychorides Lower Hydrates and PhasePhaseEmpirical FormulaChange Initiation Temp. 1Mg3(OH)4Cl2•4H2O 22Mg2(OH)3Cl•4H2O32Mg3(OH)5Cl•4H2O4Mg10(OH)18Cl2•5H2O52Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•2H2OPhase 1 dihydrate; ~230° C.63Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•5H2OPhase 2 pentahydrate; ~110° C.73Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•4H2OPhase 2 tetrahydrate; ~140° C.85Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•4H2OPhase 3 tetrahydrate; ~120° C.95Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•3H2OPhasc 3 trihydrate; ~150° C.109Mg(OH)2•MgCl2•2H2OPhase 4 dihydrate; ~190° C. |[0019] While existing technologies for producing alkalinity units depend on a process utilizing direct conversion of magnesium chloride to magnesium hydroxide or oxide, we discovered that under certain conditions, alkalinity units may be efficiently produced by processes that are designed to use only the first step, or equation 1 of the thermohydrolysis reaction, thus being able to utilize a wider range of input compositions and requiring much lower amounts of energy. In other embodiments, a multi-step process may be used that forms magnesium oxide and anhydrous magnesium chloride especially suitable for the electrowinning of magnesium magnesium metal. Thus, the present technology can be thought of as a very forgiving process for efficiently obtaining alkalinity units for deacidification and enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of seas and oceans. In a sense, the present technology provides efficient processes for the production of hydrogen halide depleted alkali earth metal compositions, here termed hydrogen halide depleted compositions. These compositions are the source of the alkalinity units for the mitigation of sea and ocean acidification and the promotion of carbon sequestration.|[0020] As used herein, the expression “hydrogen halide depleted composition” refers to compositions obtained by processes that, starting from aqueous solutions, or solid hydrates of alkali earth metals, result in the evolution of hydrogen halide and the formation of hydroxide anions associated with the alkali earth metal. This term may be modified by specifying the particular alkali earth metal or hydrogen halide, but the general meaning remains the same. So, for example, we may refer to a hydrogen chloride depleted composition, which would result from subjecting an alkali earth chloride salt to thermohydrolysis, or we could refer to a hydrogen halide depleted calcium composition, which would result from subjecting a calcium halide salt to thermohydrolysis.|[0021] It is to be noted that hydrogen halide depleted composition encompasses not only compositions that result from Equations 1 and 2, but also to compositions that have subsequently underwent the reactions shown in Equations 3, or 4. It is to be noted that during the processes of the present technology, reactions 2 and 4 may take place concomitantly with reaction 1. Reaction 5 is caused to occur when the alkalinity unit or units are introduced into a body of water.|[0022] In some embodiments, these hydrogen chloride depleted compositions are mixed with aqueous solutions, here termed “sink brines”, and directed into seas and oceans, thus adding alkalinity units to those bodies of water, or are used to mitigate the environmentally detrimental properties of industrial waste streams. In other embodiments, these hydrogen chloride depleted compositions are directly directed into seas and oceans or to mitigate the environmentally detrimental properties of industrial waste streams. In still other embodiments, the processes described herein provide high purity magnesium chloride containing solutions or solids suitable for magnesium metal production or other industrial uses.|[0023] Thus, the present technology provides for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units suitable for introduction into sea and ocean waters or mitigate the environmentally detrimental properties of industrial waste streams.|[0024] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for systems, compositions, and methods for production of alkalinity units comprising sink brines enriched in alkali earth metal hydroxychlorides.|[0025] In other embodiments, the present technology provides for systems, compositions, and methods for reacting carbon dioxide with metal hydroxychloride enriched sink brines. In still other embodiments, the present technology provides for systems, compositions, and methods for increasing the alkalinity of seawater by introducing an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride, oxide, or hydroxide enriched sink brine into a sea or ocean. In other embodiments, the alkalinity units may comprise hydrogen chloride depleted compositions that can be deposited directly into seas and oceans without the intermediate step of mixing with a sink brine.|[0026] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to a first thermal process, yielding a solid or slurry composition comprising an alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate; b) subjecting the solid or slurry composition comprising the alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate to a second thermal process yielding a composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the hydrogen chloride from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt; and d) optionally, introducing the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0027] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to a first a thermal process, yielding a solid or slurry composition comprising an alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate; b) subjecting the solid or slurry composition comprising the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a second thermal process yielding a composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt from the hydrogen chloride; d) contacting the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt with a sink brine to obtain an alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension in an alkali earth metal chloride salt solution; e) separating the suspension to obtain the metal hydroxide and the metal chloride solution; f) optionally, introducing the metal hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and g) optionally recovering the metal chloride salt from the metal chloride salt solution.|[0028] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: a) contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; b) removing the calcium sulfate to obtain a composition comprising the alkali earth metal chloride salt solution; c) subjecting the composition comprising the alkali earth metal chloride solution to a first thermal process, yielding a solid or slurry composition comprising a the metal chloride salt, d) subjecting the solid or slurry composition comprising the metal chloride salt to a second thermal process yielding a composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; e) separating the hydrogen chloride from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt; and f) optionally, introducing the metal hydroxychloride into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0029] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; b) subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the magnesium hydroxychloride from the hydrogen chloride; and d) introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0030] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; b) subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; c) separating the magnesium hydroxychloride from the hydrogen chloride; d) contacting the magnesium hydroxychloride with a sink brine to obtain a magnesium hydroxide suspension; e) separating the suspension to obtain the magnesium hydroxide and a magnesium chloride solution; f) introducing the magnesium hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and g) optionally recovering the magnesium chloride from the magnesium chloride solution.|[0031] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process for increasing the alkalinity of a sea or ocean comprising: a) contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; b) removing the calcium sulfate to obtain a magnesium chloride solution; c) subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated magnesium chloride solution; d) subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide, and, hydrogen chloride; e) separating the solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide from the hydrogen chloride; f) subjecting the solid mixture of the magnesium chloride, the magnesium hydroxychloride and the magnesium oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the magnesium salt and a mixture of the magnesium salt hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide; g) introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide mixture into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and h) converting the magnesium chloride to elemental magnesium.|[0032] In another embodiment, the first or second thermal process may be an evaporative process. In still another embodiment, the hydrogen chloride is hydrogen chloride gas or a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. In one embodiment, the metal chloride salt is magnesium chloride. In one embodiment, the metal hydroxychloride salt is magnesium hydroxychloride. In one embodiment, the metal hydroxide is magnesium hydroxide. In one embodiment, the metal oxide is magnesium oxide.|(US20260070017)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES|[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates a process of the present technology where a magnesium chloride containing source brine is converted by the reaction illustrated by equation 1 into alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxychloride.|[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates a process of the present technology where a magnesium chloride containing source brine is converted by the reaction illustrated by equation 1 into magnesium hydroxychloride, and further converted by the reaction illustrated by reaction 3 into alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxide and a solution of magnesium chloride.|[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates a process of the present technology where a purification step 310 is performed prior to the process illustrated in FIG. 1.|[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates a process of the present technology where alkalinity units are produced in conjunction with the production of anhydrous magnesium chloride suitable for the electrolytic production of magnesium metal.|[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates a process of the present technology where a solid or slurry composition comprising magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxychloride is recovered from a settling tank and deposited to a sea or ocean.|[0038] FIG. 6 illustrates a graph of the time course of the removal of carbon dioxide from an atmosphere by a composition synthesized by heating magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 450 deg. C. for 4 hours.|[0039] FIG. 7 illustrates a graph of the time course of the change in pH of the seawater enriched by a composition synthesized by heating magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 450 deg. C. for 4 hours during the removal of carbon dioxide from an atmosphere.|[0040] FIG. 8 illustrates a graph of the time course of the change in salinity of the seawater enriched by a composition synthesized by heating magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 450 deg. C. for 4 hours during the removal of carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere.|[0041] FIG. 9 illustrates a graph of the time course of the ambient temperature of the seawater enriched by a composition synthesized by heating magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 450 deg. C. for 4 hours during the removal of carbon dioxide from an atmosphere.|[0042] FIG. 10 is a picture of the haze formed by precipitation of minerals during the removal of carbon dioxide from an atmosphere that has been enriched in carbon dioxide.|[0043] FIG. 11 is a plot of the data shown in Table 6 relating the temperature of the dehydration to the ratio of formation of magnesium oxide to the formation of anhydrous magnesium chloride.|(US20260070017)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0044] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present technology belong. All patents, patent applications, published applications and publications, websites and other published materials referred to throughout the entire disclosure herein, unless noted otherwise, are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that there are a plurality of definitions for terms herein, those in this section prevail. Where reference is made to a URL or other such identifier or address, it is understood that such identifiers can change and particular information on the internet can come and go, but equivalent information can be found by searching the internet. Reference thereto evidences the availability and public dissemination of such information.|[0045] While the present technology has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present technology, including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the present technology pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth, and as follows in the scope of the appended claims.|[0046] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.|[0047] As used herein, ranges and amounts can be expressed as “about” a particular value or range. “About” also includes the exact amount. Hence “about 5 percent” means “about 5 percent” and also “5 percent.” As used herein, the term “about” means within typical experimental error for a measurement typically used for purpose intended, or, if referred to in the context of a process parameter, the term about should be construed in the context of the sensitivity of such process to the particular parameter. When a list of parameters or ranges is preceded by the term “about”, it is intended that the term “about” applies to each of the members of the list.|[0048] As used herein, “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance does or does not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. For example, an optional component in a system means that the component may be present or may not be present in the system.|[0049] As used herein, “weight percent” or “wt %” refers to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100.|[0050] As used herein, unless specifically noted, the term “or” means inclusive “or.” So the term (A or B) means A, B, as well as A and B.|[0051] It is appreciated that certain features of the present technology, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present technology, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. All combinations of the embodiments pertaining to the present technology are specifically embraced by the present technology and are disclosed herein just as if each and every combination was individually and explicitly disclosed. In addition, all sub-combinations of the various embodiments and elements thereof are also specifically embraced by the present technology and are disclosed herein just as if each and every such sub-combination was individually and explicitly disclosed herein.|[0052] Where an optional step is recited in an embodiment, the intention is that the embodiment discloses both the process incorporating the optional step, as well as the process omitting the optional step.|[0053] As used herein, the expression “source brine” refers to any aqueous solution comprising an alkali earth metal compound. Typically, the alkali earth metal compound may be an alkali earth metal salt, alkali earth metal oxide, alkali earth metal carbonate, alkali earth metal bicarbonate, alkali earth metal hydroxide, or alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide. Typical source brines include, but are not limited to, ocean water, sea water, brines such as derived from bodies of water such as The Great Salt Lake, and bitterns such as, but not limited to sea salt or potash bitterns.|[0054] In some preferred embodiments, the alkali earth metal is magnesium, and the source brines comprise magnesium chloride. In other preferred embodiments, the alkali earth metal is calcium, and the source brines comprise calcium chloride.|[0055] As used herein, the term “sink brine” refers to freshwater, seawater or other aqueous solution which is environmentally suitable for discharge into a sea or ocean or for use as a scrubbing medium for industrial waste streams such as flue gases.|[0056] As used herein, the expression “sea or ocean” means any natural or man-made body of water with an average salinity of greater than 6 g/kg of sodium chloride. In one embodiment, source or sink brines may be seawater, geothermal brines, effluents from desalination systems, solar ponds, potash brines, or bitterns. In another embodiment, the source or sink brines may be synthetic brines. Typically, synthetic source brines may be effluents from industrial chemical processes such as desalination plants or any other process that produces an aqueous stream comprising dissolved or suspended magnesium compounds. Typically, a sink brine is seawater.|[0057] As used herein, the expression “alkalinity unit” refers to a composition comprising a hydrogen chloride depleted composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide, an alkali earth metal hydroxide, an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal bicarbonate, or an alkali earth metal carbonate, each of which, alone, or in combination, increases the pH of an aqueous solution into which it is introduced. A typical alkalinity unit will be the mass of the hydrogen halide or hydrogen chloride depleted composition that causes the body of water into which it is deposited to absorb an additional amount of carbon dioxide over a period of about 1 year than would have been absorbed if no alkalinity units had been deposited therein and therefore entitles the party that deposits the alkalinity units into the body of water to carbon removal (offset) credits, in this case, the class of credits are sometimes called “marine CDR” or “mCDR”.|[0058] While the process of the present technology provides for earning of carbon removal credits, the generation of anhydrous magnesium chloride by some of the processes may also entitle the operator for carbon mitigation credits that reward the avoidance of carbon dioxide production in industrial processes, here, the production of magnesium metal from the more efficiently produced anhydrous magnesium chloride. This amount would correspond to the denomination of the carbon credit which typically be one ton of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere, though they are typically traded in lots of 100 to 1000 tons of carbon dioxide captured or mitigated. However, the denomination is used here for convenience and may be any amount that qualifies the operator for a carbon credit that is issuable upon completion of a process described herein. Carbon credits are traded on several financial exchanges, such as, but not limited to Carbon Trade Exchange, (CTX, https://ctxglobal.com/), Aircarbon Exchange (ACX, https://acx.net/), Xpansiv and Toucan (https://toucan.earth/). Credits may also trade on financial exchanges such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The carbon credits traded on the CTX include: Voluntary Emmission reduction (VER), Certified Emission Reduction (CER), Verified Carbon Units (VCU), and European Allowance (EUAA). The carbon credits trading on the ACX include: CORSIA eligible Token (CET), Renewable Energy Token (RET), Global Nature Token (GNT), Nature Based Token Accompanied by Additional Certifications for Co-Benefits Achieved (GNT+), Sustainable development token (SDT), and Household Offset Token (HOT). The carbon credits trading on the Xpansive exchange include Global Emissions Offset (CBL GEO), Nature-Based Global Emissions offset (CBL-N-GEO), and the Core Global Emissions OFFSET (CBL C-GEO). The carbon credits trading on the Toucan exchange is the TCO2 and BCT.|[0059] Thus, in some embodiments, the present technology provides for compositions, methods, and systems for earning carbon credits such as, but not limited to, VER, CER, VCU, EUAA, CET, RET, GNT, GNT+, SDT, HOT, CBL GEO, CBL N-GEO, CBL C-GEO, BCT and TCO2.|[0060] The carbon credits may be claimed or sold through an exchange, or directly from a counterparty wishing to offset emission or decrease the existing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or ocean. The counterparties may be, but are not limited to private industrial operators, corporations, public benefit corporations, foundations, Distributed Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), Block Chains, philanthropists and philanthropical organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), local, state, provincial, national and international bodies.|[0061] It is noted that the removal of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, or soluble carbonates from a body of water shifts the equilibrium described in Equation 5 such that, over time, will result in removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and in some instances, increase the pH of the body of water.|[0062] Preferred alkalinity units are compositions comprising magnesium or calcium hydroxychlorides, magnesium or calcium hydroxides, magnesium or calcium oxides, magnesium or calcium bicarbonates, or magnesium or calcium carbonates.|[0063] The present technology provides for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units suitable for introduction into sea or ocean waters, and optionally providing feedstocks for other industrial processes.|[0064] FIG. 1 illustrates a process according to one embodiment of the present technology where a magnesium chloride containing source brine is converted by the reaction illustrated by equation 1 into alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxychloride. As shown in FIG. 1, a source brine is converted to a solid or slurry by a first thermal process 110, then the solid or slurry is subjected to a second thermal process 120, resulting in the liberation of hydrogen chloride and a magnesium hydroxychloride enriched residue which is deposited into a sea or ocean. In some instances, the first thermal process and the second thermal process may be combined into a single unit operation or be performed sequentially in a single piece of equipment. In some embodiments, the first thermal process may be an evaporative process. Typically, an evaporative process may comprise simply leaving a source brine in a solar pond until the required degree of evaporation has taken place, or, it may comprise a process of subjecting the source brine to a piece of evaporative equipment such as a film evaporator, rotary evaporator or other equipment suitable for evaporating solvents from solutions, slurries, or wet solids such as, but not limited to, rotary dryer, kiln, fluidized bed dryer, drum dryer, spray dryer, tray dryer, cabinet dryer, vacuum shelf dryer, microwave dryer, belt dryers, flash tube dryers, tube bundle dryers, or ultrasonic dryer. In some cases, two or more types of drying methods may be employed in series. Other types of evaporators suitable for handling slurries or solutions include, but are not limited to boilers, crystallizers, wiped film evaporators, falling film evaporators, draft tube crystallizers, calandria-type crystallizers, forced circulation crystallizers, natural circulation crystallizers, single stage flash with intermediate gas/slurry separation, baffled crystallizers, surface cooled crystallizers, fluidized suspension crystallizers, mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizers, and flash drums. This process is energy efficient because the dried source brine solid or slurry can comprise relatively large amounts of higher hydrates of magnesium chloride, thus not requiring as much energy as would the production of compositions comprising relatively low amounts of magnesium hexahydrate for the subsequent thermohydrolysis step. The subsequent thermohydrolysis step is also energy efficient since complete thermohydrolysis to the hydroxide or oxide is not required to generate the alkalinity unit. Although the buffering capacity of magnesium hydroxychloride is lower on a molar basis than that of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide, the most costly input, the energy required to drive the reaction, is considerably less, thus making the overall process more efficient.|[0065] FIG. 2 illustrates the process of FIG. 1 where a second step of reacting the magnesium hydroxychloride according to equation 3 is performed in an energy efficient manner by allowing the magnesium hydroxychloride to remain in contact with the sink brine in the process 230 so that the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide drives the reaction towards completion without the need for a thermal source to drive the reaction. The process 230 can be accomplished by means generally known in the art such as stirred reactors, settling tanks, centrifugal filtration or other equipment suitable for conducting the reaction and subsequent separation of the products. The resulting magnesium chloride solution may be recycled as the source brine or used in other industrial processes such as the production of electrolytic magnesium metal. The evolved hydrogen chloride may likewise be used in other industrial processes.|[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates a process of the present technology where a purification step 310 precedes the process illustrated in FIG. 1. Here, a calcium chloride solution is added to the source brine to precipitate sulfate. This is useful in the case of the use of certain bitterns that have high concentrations of sulfate that could cause undesired reactions in steps 320 or 330.|[0067] In some embodiments, the hydrogen chloride produced by the thermohydrolysis processes of the present technology may be used to recycle the calcium sulfate produced in the purification step into calcium chloride, thus mitigating the need for large amounts of external calcium chloride input.|[0068] FIG. 4 illustrates a process of the present technology where a falling film evaporator 420 is used to concentrate a desulfated source brine before it is subjected a spray drying process 430. While this example shows the concentrated magnesium chloride brine to have a concentration of 35% magnesium chloride, the concentration of magnesium chloride may range from about 10% to 50%. After concentration, the concentrated magnesium chloride brine undergoes partial thermohydrolysis according to equations 1 and 4 to yield a composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide. This composition is then subjected to a solvent separation step 440 wherein anhydrous magnesium chloride is produced in conjunction with the alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide.|[0069] In one embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is an alcohol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is methanol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is ethanol. In one embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises an alcohol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises methanol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises ethanol.|[0070] FIG. 5 illustrates a process of the present technology where a source brine is used directly in the solvent extraction process to generate anhydrous magnesium chloride in conjunction with alkalinity units comprising magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide. In this exemplary embodiment, the source brine comprising crude magnesium chloride is introduced into a feed supply 510, where crude magnesium chloride is stored before being fed into the dryer 120. The brine in the feed supply 510 can be stored in tanks, ponds, underground tanks, underground salt caverns, or channels. The type of dryer 520 can be a rotary dryer, kiln, fluidized bed dryer, drum dryer, spray dryer, tray dryer, cabinet dryer, vacuum shelf dryer, microwave dryer, belt dryers, flash tube dryers, tube bundle dryers, or ultrasonic dryer, or any other crystallizer, or drying equipment described herein. In some cases, two or more types of drying methods may be employed in series. In certain applications, the feed supply 510 may not comprise storage, but be an inlet to the dryer 520. In this case, the crude MgCl2 may be directly introduced into the dryer 520. Once the crude magnesium chloride has been dried, typically to about two waters of hydration, the crude, dry magnesium chloride is charged into the leach tank 530, where it is treated with a solvent system comprising one, or a combination of solvents and agitated for a period of time to allow the magnesium chloride to dissolve. The time interval required may be based on the nature of the crude magnesium chloride, such as particle size, impurity profile and degree of hydration, or temperature, or may be determined by periodically assaying the concentration of magnesium chloride dissolved in the solvent. The leach tank may be agitated with various agitators, tumblers, gas impringers, or baffles. Multiple leach tanks can be implemented to run in series on in a counter current fashion. The residence time of the MgCl2 in the tanks typically will range from about 5 minutes to about 2 hours, 2 hours to 5 hours, 5 hours to 12 hours, 12 hours to 24 hours, or 24 hours to 7 days. After the requisite time interval, the solvent, along with suspended impurities is transferred into a settling tank 540, where the solid impurities are removed. Alternatively, the solids may be removed by filtration, flocculation, centrifugation, or any other such methods known in the art. The settled solids are then transferred to an acidifier 580, and treated with HCl gas to convert any magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxychloride to crude magnesium chloride which is transferred into feed storage. The hydrogen chloride gas may be captured from the thermohydrolysis step. Once the solid impurities have been removed, the magnesium chloride solution is transferred into a crystallizer 550, where the purified magnesium chloride is crystallized out. The crystallization process may be performed by evaporation, temperature manipulation, addition of a counter solvent, or other way known in the art. Once the crystallization process has been completed, the solid magnesium chloride may be separated from the solvent by settling, filtration, centrifugation, or other dewatering methods known in the art. Depending on the solvent system used and the crystallization method, the crystallized magnesium chloride may retain some waters of hydration, crystallize as a solvate, or as anhydrous magnesium chloride. The crystallized magnesium chloride is then transferred into a dryer 560, where the residual solvent or solvent of hydration is removed. The solvent from the crystallizer and the dryer 560 is recycled by the solvent purifier/separator 170, and the recycled solvent is sent back to the leach tank for the next round of purification. The purification of the solvent may be accomplished by distillation or crystallization in the case of high melting point solvents. Any residual water, if the solvent system employed is anhydrous, if not separable through simple fractional distillation, may be removed by treatment with a drying agent, such as, but not limited to molecular sieves, CaCl2), MgSO4, CaSO4, H2SO4, alumina, CaO, or azeotropic desiccation.|[0071] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal halide salt hydrate; subjecting the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and a hydrogen halide; separating the hydrogen halide from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt; and optionally, introducing the metal hydroxyhalide salt into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0072] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal halide salt hydrate; subjecting the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and a hydrogen halide; separating the hydrogen halide from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt; contacting the alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt with a sink brine to obtain an alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension; separating the suspension to obtain the alkali earth metal hydroxide and an alkali metal halide solution; introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally recovering the alkali earth metal halide salt from the alkali earth metal halide solution, and optionally, introducing the recovered alkali earth metal halide salt into a sea or ocean, thus total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0073] In some embodiments, the alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension may be directly used as a carbon sequestration composition to remove carbon dioxide directly from industrial waste streams such as flue gases.|[0074] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; removing the calcium sulfate to obtain an alkali earth metal halide salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal halide solution to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal halide salt hydrate, subjecting the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and a hydrogen halide; separating the hydrogen halide from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt; and optionally, introducing the metal hydroxyhalide salt into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0075] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; removing the calcium sulfate to obtain an alkali earth metal halide salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal halide solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated alkali earth metal halide salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal halide salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising the alkali earth metal halide salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and an alkali earth metal oxide and, a hydrogen halide; separating the hydrogen halide from the solid composition comprising the alkali earth metal halide salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and an alkali earth metal oxide; subjecting the solid mixture of the alkali earth metal halide salt, the alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide salt and the alkali earth metal oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the alkali earth metal salt and a mixture of the alkali earth metal salt hydroxyhalide and alkali earth metal oxide; and optionally, introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxyhalide and alkali earth metal oxide mixture into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally converting the alkali earth metal halide salt to an elemental alkali earth metal.|[0076] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate; subjecting the alkali earth metal salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen chloride from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt; optionally, introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0077] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding an alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate; subjecting the alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen chloride from the composition comprising an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt; contacting the alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt with a sink brine to obtain an alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension; separating the suspension to obtain the alkali earth metal hydroxide and a alkali earth metal chloride solution; and optionally, introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally recovering the alkali earth metal chloride salt from the alkali earth metal chloride solution.|[0078] In some embodiments, the alkali earth metal hydroxide suspension may be directly used as a carbon sequestration composition to remove carbon dioxide directly from industrial waste streams such as flue gases.|[0079] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; removing the calcium sulfate to obtain an alkali earth metal chloride salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal chloride solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated alkali earth metal chloride salt solution; subjecting the alkali earth metal chloride salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising an alkali earth metal chloride salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and an alkali earth metal oxide, and, hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen chloride from the solid composition comprising the alkali earth metal chloride salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and an alkali earth metal oxide; subjecting the solid composition comprising an alkali earth metal chloride salt, an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and an alkali earth metal oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the alkali earth metal chloride salt and a mixture of an alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and an alkali earth metal oxide; introducing the alkali earth metal hydroxychloride salt and the alkali earth metal oxide mixture into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally converting the alkali earth metal salt to an elemental alkali earth metal.|[0080] In one embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to a first an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen chloride from the magnesium hydroxychloride; and introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean.|[0081] In another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: subjecting a source brine to an evaporative process, yielding a magnesium chloride hydrate; subjecting the magnesium salt hydrate to a thermal process yielding magnesium hydroxychloride and hydrogen chloride; separating the hydrogen halide from the magnesium hydroxychloride; contacting the magnesium hydroxychloride with a sink brine to obtain a magnesium hydroxide suspension; separating the suspension to obtain the magnesium hydroxide and magnesium chloride solution; and optionally, introducing the magnesium hydroxide into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally, recovering the magnesium chloride from the magnesium chloride solution.|[0082] In some embodiments, the magnesium hydroxide suspension may be directly used as a carbon sequestration composition to remove carbon dioxide directly from industrial waste streams such as flue gases.|[0083] In still another embodiment, the present technology provides for a process comprising: contacting a source brine with calcium chloride to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension; removing the calcium sulfate to obtain a magnesium chloride solution; subjecting the magnesium chloride solution to an evaporative process, yielding a concentrated magnesium chloride solution; subjecting the magnesium chloride hydrate to a thermal process yielding a solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, a magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide, and, hydrogen chloride; subjecting the solid composition comprising magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide to a solvent separation step to obtain the magnesium chloride and a mixture of the magnesium salt hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide; and optionally, introducing the magnesium hydroxychloride and magnesium oxide mixture into a sea or ocean, thereby increasing the total alkalinity of the sea or ocean; and optionally converting the magnesium chloride to elemental magnesium metal.|[0084] In one embodiment, the alkali earth metal chloride is magnesium chloride. In one embodiment, the alkali earth metal hydroxychloride is magnesium hydroxychloride. In one embodiment, the alkali earth metal hydroxide is magnesium hydroxide. In one embodiment, the alkali earth metal oxide is magnesium oxide.|[0085] In one embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is an alcohol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is methanol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step is ethanol. In one embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises an alcohol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises methanol. In another embodiment, the solvent used in the solvent separation step comprises ethanol.|[0086] One aspect of the present technology is that the hydrogen chloride generated in the thermal processes may be recovered in a readily usable form such as a gas, or as a concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid. In one embodiment, the hydrogen chloride is hydrogen chloride gas or a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution.|[0087] In one embodiment the hydrochloric acid solution has a concentration of about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 35%, and about 35% to about 40%.|[0088] The thermal processes referred herein may be conducted with the concomitant evaporation of water or a solvent, or, under conditions where no appreciable evaporation of water or solvent occurs. In certain embodiments, a thermal process is an evaporative process.|[0089] In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is in the form of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 45% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 50% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 55% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 60% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 65% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 65% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 70% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 75% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 80% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 85% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 90% of the dihydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 95% of the dihydrate.|[0090] In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is in the form of the hexahydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of less than about 45% of the tetrahydrate. In some embodiments, the magnesium chloride hydrate subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride is comprised of more than about 45% of the hexahydrate.|[0091] In a preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 450° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 400° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 350° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 325° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 300° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 275° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 250° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 250° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 225° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 170 C° and about 200° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 180 C° and about 350° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 200 C° and about 325° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 225 C° and about 300° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 250 C° and about 275° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 275 C° and about 350° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 200 C° and about 300° C. In another preferred embodiment, magnesium chloride dihydrate is subjected to a thermal process to yield magnesium hydroxychloride at a temperature between about 225 C° and about 250° C.|[0092] FIG. 6 shows the time course data of the concentration of CO2 in a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere (Open Circle: MgOHCl in seawater in controlled atmosphere, solid Square: control seawater in controlled atmosphere, Solid Diamond: the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere in nature) obtained in the following experiment demonstrating a process where a sample of ocean brine obtained from the San Francisco Bay is used to generate alkalinity units and decrease the carbon dioxide concentration of a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere that is exposed to it. Synthesis: MgCl2·6H2O was obtained from Molekula Chemical Co. Seawater was obtained from San Francisco Bay. MgOHCl was synthesized by heating 167 g of solid MgCl2·6H2O to 450° C. for four hours in a corked filter flask. This flask was insulated. The off-gas was bubbled through a Na2CO3 solution for neutralization of HCl vapors. No melting was noted. The sample hardened and was broken into ˜1 cm chunks. No further processing of the sample was performed. Analysis by a modified literature method (Method To Determine MgO and MgOHCl in Chloride Molten Salts, Noah Klammer, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Youyang Zhao, Yilin Wu, and Judith Vidal, Analytical Chemistry 2020 92 (5), 3598-3604, DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04301) found that the MgOHCl content was 78%, showing the “MgOHCl” obtained was 22% anhydrous MgCl2 equivalent and 78% MgOHCl. Model Ocean Environment: A model ocean environment was set up in a glovebox. A metal tray was plasti-dipped beforehand to limit corrosion during the experiment. The tray was filled with the ocean water and the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was increased ˜10 fold compared to a standard atmosphere (450 ppm) using a tank of compressed pure CO2. The pH, temperature, and humidity were monitored. The salinity was not monitored for the control experiment but was measured for the active experiment involving MgOHCl addition to the seawater. These parameters were monitored 3-4 times per day for at least a week until a steady state was obtained. The experiment included adding 37 g of MgOHCl, synthesized as described above, to 2,900 g of seawater, the control did not include any MgOHCl in 2,800 g of seawater. A baseline leakage experiment, for 4 days showed no drop in CO2 atmosphere suggesting leakage rates were extremely low. Control: The control experiment was performed for a total of 7 days. The starting atmospheric CO2 concentration in the glovebox was around 4,200 ppm. This value was used as the starting concentration in order to speed up the rate at which measurable changes in CO2 would occur and provide the required proof of concept. The concentration of CO2 slowly dropped by a total of 320 ppm. The first 17 hours or so accounted for 42% of the total drop. This drop in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was associated with a drop in pH of the seawater over the same period suggesting the CO2 dissolved into the seawater as carbonic acid. This initial period of rapid CO2 dissolution is driven by the perturbation of the buffered system. After this initial period of pH drop, there was no statistically significant variation in pH for the remainder of the experiment. The humidity reached its steady state value after this period of time as well and showed very little variation throughout the experimental period, however, it was uncorrelated with the CO2 concentration. Temperature did not change significantly throughout the experimental period. The CO2 concentration dropped continuously throughout the first five days of the experiment. We note that after letting the seawater sit over the weekend, the concentration approximated at steady state as shown in Table 3.|TABLE 3 Data for control experimentTimeCO2 Concentration Temperature(hours)(ppm)pHHumidity(° C.) 041707.6151%23.2141077.5675%23.31740367.2697%21.71940027.2398%22.22240217.2295%22.72540037.295%22.94139937.1397%23.14339837.1697%22.94639787.1797%23.26439537.297%22.86739167.1697%22.97138877.1696%247338887.1897%23.99038507.2499%22.99237977.2199%22.99638017.1899%23.516138507.2799%21.9 |[0093] MgOHCl Addition to Seawater: The experiment was performed by adding 36 g of MgOHCl to 2,900 g of seawater. This corresponds to an addition of 47 g of total MgOHCl material, 22% of which included anhydrous MgCl2. This time the salinity of the seawater was monitored throughout the experiment along with pH. The starting concentration of CO2 was 4,767 ppm, slightly higher than the previous experiment. Before the addition, the pH was around 7.59 which was approximately the same as the control experiment's starting value pH and the salinity was 15.4 ppt (parts per thousand) in agreement with tests from before and after the previous experiment as shown in Table 4.|TABLE 4 Raw data for the MgOHCl addition experiment(ppt = parts per thousand).TimeCO2 TemperatureSalinity(hours)(ppm)HumiditypH(° C.)(ppt) 0476732%9.5322.817.32452677%9.5622.619.419410796%8.6321.219.322401496%8.6321.218.825395196%8.721.21927389097%8.6521.51943349498%8.6422.119.546339798%8.721.919.449330198%8.5922.118.969276299%8.421.418.776258299%8.562118.792220899%8.5221.818.795210099%8.6921.819.197202299%8.5921.818.499197899%8.6421.918.8165107899%8.4822.419.517199597%8.5222.919.117595797%8.6423.419.318781399%8.5822.219.319079599%8.5822.419.219375999%8.6622.219.119573697%8.6922.819.6 |[0094] After the addition of MgOHCl, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere did not initially change, however a dramatic increase in pH to 9.53 was seen accompanied by a modest increase in salinity. Throughout this period, the humidity climbed towards its steady state value. Similar to the previous experiment, after 19 hours the solution reached a steady state value for pH and salinity. After this same period of time, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere dropped by 600 ppm, almost 3.5 x the amount it dropped in the same period of time for the control experiment. It is important to note that while this period accounted for 42% of the total drop in CO2 concentration in the control, this drop only accounted for 14% of the total drop of 4,031 ppm for the active experiment involving addition of MgOHCl. The experimental data for the seawater and atmosphere in glovebox above it are plotted in FIG. 6 for control and active experiments involving addition of MgOHCl to the seawater. FIG. 7 shows the plot of the pH changes. FIG. 8 shows the plot of the salinity changes. FIG. 9 shows the plot of the temperature during the experimental periods. The seawater pH increases and remains high while the atmosphere CO2 concentration reduces significantly compared to a control experiment when MgOHCl was added to the seawater. The constant salinity throughout the experiment suggests the possible precipitation of carbonate minerals from the seawater when MgOHCl is added such as magnesium or calcium carbonate. A white film of particulates was observed on the bottom of the pan containing the seawater for the experiment involving MgOHCl addition, but it was not observed in the control experiment. A photo can be seen in FIG. 10, the large particles are remnants of undissolved MgOHCl chunks, the “Mg2+ image was made by wiping the newly formed precipitate using a gloved finger for clarity. An increase in salinity and a steady drop in pH would be expected for an accumulation of carbon in the form of carbonic acid or bicarbonate. The best explanation for this behavior of the system is that MgOHCl created units of alkalinity which allowed for the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere of the glovebox. Data collection was stopped early for the MgOHCl experiment due to an intermixing of the lab atmosphere and the controlled atmosphere. However, the seawater was able to continue dropping the CO2 concentration well below the standard atmospheric concentration as low as 180 ppm in the atmosphere. This extra data is presented in Table 5.|TABLE 5 Data taken from after the main collection period. DateTimeCO2 (ppm)Temperature (° C.) October 268:14a59723.9 —1:11p56223.5 —2:52p55923.4 October 282:45p33221.6 —6:15p32622.5 October 311:32p18221.9 |[0095] Table 6 shows the temperature dependence of a process for production of magnesium oxide in a magnesium chloride electrolyte melt. To a melt comprising 50% magnesium chloride and 50% sodium chloride was added magnesium chloride dihydrate at various temperatures. After a period of agitation, the precipitated alkalinity units, comprising magnesium oxide were separated and weighed. The ratio of magnesium oxide to anhydrous magnesium chloride produced was determined. The results are presented in Table 6, calculated to show how much mass of magnesium oxide is produced relative to the mass of magnesium metal that can be produced from the anhydrous magnesium chloride generated by dehydrating magnesium chloride dihydrate in the melt at various temperatures. FIG. 10 shows the hazy precipitate formed during the experiment, demonstrating the production of insoluble carbonates that is the mechanism for carbon sequestration caused by the processes described herein.|TABLE 6 Production of magnesium oxide in amagnesium chloride electrolyte meltTemp deg. C.610660700760810860 MgO, eq. of MgOHCl:Mg0.460.340.240.220.120.07metal mass* ratioMgO:Mg metal mass*0.920.540.550.951.030.81ratioConversion of MgCl2 to41%30%29%39%40%34%MgO *M metal mass is the equivalent amount of Mg metal in the electrolyte for MgCl2 that was fed to the melt and did not hydrolyze|[0096] The data shown in Table 6 is plotted and shown in FIG. 11.|[0097] Any element of any embodiment may be used in any embodiment. Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made without departing from the essential teachings of the invention. Identification of equivalent compositions, methods and kits are well within the skill of the ordinary practitioner and would require no more than routine experimentation, in light of the teachings of the present disclosure. Practice of the disclosure will be still more fully understood from the following examples, which are presented herein for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure in any way.|[0098] All references cited in this specification, and their references, are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety where appropriate for teachings of additional or alternative details, features, and/or technical background.|[0099] While the disclosure has been particularly shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also, that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims. | Family Number|(108600998)|108600998|Abstract|(WO202440147 A3)|The present technology provides for devices, methods, compositions, and systems for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units in ocean water for facilitating carbon sequestration.|(US20260070017 A1)|The present technology provides for devices, methods, compositions, and systems for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units in ocean water for facilitating carbon sequestration.|Title|(WO202440147 A2)|Amélioration de l'alcalinité de l'océan par sel d'hydroxychlorure|Hydroxychloride salt ocean alkalinity enhancement|(WO202440147 A3)|Amélioration de l'alcalinité de l'océan par sel d'hydroxychlorure|Hydroxychloride salt ocean alkalinity enhancement|(US20260070017 A1)|Hydroxychloride salt ocean alkalinity enhancement| | Environmental technology|Transport | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/14/93|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/80|B01D-2251/402|B01D-2251/60|B01D-2251/602|B01D-2251/604|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/0283|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/14/93|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/80|B01D-2251/402|B01D-2251/60|B01D-2251/602|B01D-2251/604|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/0283|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/80|B63B-021/50|B63C-011/52|C02F-001/66 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/80|B63B-021/50|B63C-011/52|C02F-001/66|C09K-003/00 | US20120213688|US9751777|US20140158616|US20110198285 | US20120213688 82092841 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|US9751777 77145575 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20140158616 66200927 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20110198285 44343133 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | US20120213688; US20110198285; US20140158616; US9751777| | PENDING | (US20260070017)|PENDING|(WO2024/040147)|LAPSED | ALIVE | 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TR|(WO2024/040147)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2024/040147)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IQ, IR, IS, AL, IT, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, JM, RU, BG, JO, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, KG, KH, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, KW, CR, KZ, CU, CV, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, DJ, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MU, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, WS, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL | (US20260070017)|US|(WO2024/040147)|US | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=lOckPE/DvcOj92SqlLsxuM/J3aSBKS3mJjY7t3dG27jB3cyffD7Soc3HTZ4K3xLA34T3rrXcRGc=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US0000000023356898&ekey=2233&xpn=US20260070017&kind=A1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/19104550/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=rCUZBbi%252Bv%252B%252F2S3UXpEUSP8RHIQdPpfyajIQBIFKxQPE%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO2024/040147)|US|(WO2024/040147)|US | (WO2024/040147)|NAME=MAGRATHEA METALS INC. 1390 Market St., Suite 200 San Francisco, California 94102 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2024/040147)|NAME=MAGRATHEA METALS INC. 1390 Market St., Suite 200 San Francisco, California 94102 , COUNTRY=US | (WO2024/040147)|CA|(WO2024/040147)|CA | (WO2024/040147)|NAME=BECKLEY, Amber M. c/o BCF LLP 2500-1100 Boul. René-Lévesque O. Montréal, Québec H3B 5C9 , POSTCODE=5C9 , COUNTRY=CA|(WO2024/040147)|NAME=BECKLEY, Amber M. c/o BCF LLP 2500-1100 Boul. René-Lévesque O. Montréal, Québec H3B 5C9 , POSTCODE=5C9 , COUNTRY=CA | (US20260070017)|US; US|(WO2024/040147)|US; US|(WO2024/040147)|US; US | (US20260070017)|NAME=GRANT Alexander, CITY=San Francisco, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US |NAME=BROWN Jacob, CITY=San Francisco, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(WO2024/040147)|NAME=GRANT, Alexander 1390 Market St., Suite 200 San Francisco, California 94102, POSTCODE=94102, COUNTRY=US |NAME=BROWN, Jacob 1390 Market St., Suite 200 San Francisco, California 94102, POSTCODE=94102, COUNTRY=US|(WO2024/040147)|NAME=GRANT, Alexander 1390 Market St., Suite 200 San Francisco, California 94102, POSTCODE=94102, COUNTRY=US |NAME=BROWN, Jacob 1390 Market St., Suite 200 San Francisco, California 94102, POSTCODE=94102, COUNTRY=US | Titre: (US20260070017)|Hydroxychloride salt ocean alkalinity enhancement Résumé: (US20260070017)|The present technology provides for devices, methods, compositions, and systems for the environmentally friendly production of alkalinity units in ocean water for facilitating carbon sequestration. | 31.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The focus is on enhancing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration, but it does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment aimed at stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 4.0 | 0.0 | (WO2024/040147)|0|(US20260070017)|3 | (WO2024/040147)|0|(US20260070017)|11 | (US20260070017)|14|(WO2024/040147)|1|(WO2024/040147)|14 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | |(US20260070017)|11 | 3.0 | 2.0 | (US20260070017)|WO2024/040147 | (US20260070017)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Number of Drawings: NDR=11|Number of Figures: NFG=11|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,10,12|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=3|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1||(WO2024/040147)|Number of Claims: NCL=1||(WO2024/040147)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Extended kind: EXTK=z| | (US20260070017)|Provisional Appl: US63/399,443 FDD=2022-08-19 [2022US-63399443] | (US20260070017)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US20260070017)|Patent|(WO202440147)|Patent|(WO202440147)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||
| 42 | CN202311407012 | CN202311407012 | CN117447264 | 108306157 | CN117447264 A 2024-01-26 [CN117447264] | 2023-10-26 | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-26 | (CN117447264)|2043-10-26 | (CN117447264)|Carbon sequestration unit and preparation method and application thereof | (CN117447264)|The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and discloses a carbon sequestration unit and a preparation method and application thereof. The carbon sequestration unit comprises an inner steel slag sheet and an outer diatom seed sheet, the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and an adhesive; the diatom seed piece on the outer ring is composed of diatom seed powder, urea and silicate. Through structural arrangement of the carbon sequestration unit and specific selection of composition of the steel slag sheet and the diatom seed sheet, the carbon sequestration unit is stable in structure and high in carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, so that the carbon sequestration unit has a very good carbon sequestration effect in ocean carbon sequestration. | SOUTHERN MARINE SCIENCE & ENGINEERING GUANGDONG LABORATORY ZHUHAI|SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY | (CN117447264)|SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY ([CN])|SOUTHERN MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GUANGDONG LABORATORY (ZHUHAI) | SUN DONGBO|WANG LITING|JIANG XUZHOU|YU HONGYING|ZHOU JIAXIANG | (CN117447264)|SUN DONGBO|WANG LITING|JIANG XUZHOU|YU HONGYING|ZHOU JIAXIANG | (CN117447264)|YIN FANHUA;JIAQUAN IP LAW|Reg. Nb: 44205 | (CN117447264)|(2) The carbon fixing unit has the advantages of simple preparation method and low raw material cost, meets the requirement of large-scale batch preparation in practical application, not only solves the problem that industrial waste steel slag cannot be treated, but also can be utilized as waste, and can be prepared into the carbon fixing unit capable of effectively stimulating the growth and propagation of floating algae.|Therefore, there is a need to provide a new product and method for fixing carbon dioxide, which reduces energy consumption and is also environmentally friendly.|However, the low carbonation rate and the additional energy consumption of the reaction between the steel slag dissolution and the carbon dioxide lead to the failure to effectively alleviate the global warming.| | (CN117447264)|1. The carbon fixing unit is characterized by comprising an internal steel slag sheet and an external ring of diatom seed sheets;the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and a binder;the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and silicate.| | (CN117447264)|A first aspect of the invention provides a carbon fixation unit.|The second aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a carbon fixation unit.|Therefore, the invention provides the carbon fixing unit, the preparation method and the application thereof, and trace metal elements such as Ca, fe, mg, al, mn and the like dissolved in the seawater by industrial waste steel slag can be utilized to realize marine fattening, so that the growth of algae is increased, the carbon fixing efficiency of marine microorganisms is improved, the alkalinity of a water body is improved, and atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed, so that the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the method has the characteristic of being environment-friendly.| | (CN117447264)|CARBON FIXING(100,71)|FLOATING ALGAE PROPAGATION(100,1)|MARINE FATTENING(82,1)|STEEL SLAG DISSOLUTION(78,1)|FLOATING ALGAE(67,1)|DIATOM SEED SLICE(63,9)|STEEL SLAG(62,43)|DIATOM(60,47)|STEEL SLAG SLICE(47,9)|ALGAE GROWTH(46,3)|CARBONATION RATE(46,1)|MARINE MICROORGANISM CARBON FIXING(46,1)|SLAG SHEET(45,19)|SILICATE(41,10)|MARINE MICROORGANISM(40,1)|UREA(38,52)|BINDER(38,9)|INTERNAL STEEL SLAG SHEET(35,19)|ROTARY TABLETTING(35,14)|INTERNAL STEEL SLAG(35,11)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE(35,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(34,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(32,2)|GLOBAL WARMING(32,1)|MARINE STATIONARY CARBON DIOXIDE(32,1)|CARBON FIXATION(31,22)|SEAWATER(30,2)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(26,5)|FIXING CARBON DIOXIDE(26,2)|SLAG(26,1)|OUTER RING(25,19)|ETHYLCELLULOSE(24,13)|NANNOCHLOROPSIS BIOMASS(24,3)|OCEAN CARBON FIXING(24,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE(22,19)|DIATOM EXTERNAL RING(22,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(22,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION(21,4)|WATER BODY ALKALINITY(21,1)|ROUND TABLETTING CENTER(20,7)|TABLETTING MACHINE(20,7)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,1)|PSEUDOMICROALGAE ALGAE ABSORBANCE(20,1)|DIATOM MASS RATIO(18,3)|ABUNDANT OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON(18,1)|LARGE SCALE BATCH(17,1)|PRODUCING CARBON FIXING(17,1)|SODIUM SILICATE(16,18)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION(16,2)|PRESSING PRESSURE(16,2)|GROUND STEEL SLAG POWDER(15,6)|POTASSIUM SILICATE(15,3)|ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETER(15,2)|CARBON FIXING STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT(14,3)|PERMANENT FROZEN EARTH THAWING(14,1)|PSEUDOMICROALGAE ALGAE LIQUID BIOMASS(14,1)|STEEL SLAG PARTICLE(13,3)|ALGAE LIVING(12,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEAD(12,1)|DIATOM SEED PARTICLE(12,1)|ALGAL BIOMASS(10,1)|CORAL REEF DEATH(10,1)|SEAWATER ALGAE(10,1)|XINRUI TRADE COMPANY(10,1)|EXTERNAL RING(9,5)|ALGAE DEATH(9,1)|ALGAE PROPAGATION(9,1)|ALGAE REPRODUCTION(9,1)|CARBON FIXING DIATOM ALGAE(9,1)|MIXING RAW MATERIAL(9,1)|RAW MATERIAL COST(9,1)|STEEL SLAG EXTRACT(9,1)|WATER BODY(9,1)|TABLET PRESS(8,7)|ABSCISSA(8,3)|ALGAE GROWTH CONDITION(8,2)|STEEL SLAG SHEET SELECTION(8,2)|ORDINATE(7,4)|MOLD CENTRAL POSITION(7,2)|ABSORBANCE EQUATION(7,1)|BIOCHAR PUMP(7,1)|DIATOM POWDER(7,1)|HARMFUL SUBSTANCE(7,1)|NANNOCHLOROPSIS DENSITY(7,1)|SEA FLOOR(7,1)|TOXIC SUBSTANCE(7,1)|WAVELENGTH LAMBDA(7,1)|ETHYL CELLULOSE(6,5)|BLANK GROUP(6,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(6,2)|PRESSING TIME(6,2)|SLAG PARTICLE SIZE LYSATE(6,2)|ALGAL DENSITY(6,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(6,1)|DIATOMITE(6,1)|HYDROCHLORIC ACID TITRATION(6,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(6,1)|OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(6,1)|PREPARATION DIFFICULTY(6,1)|REACTION KETTLE(6,1)|SHEET PCO(6,1)|STEEL SLAG PIECE(6,1)|CONCENTRATION GRADIENT(5,3)|NITROGEN SOURCE(5,3)|AGRICULTURE(4,1)|ANNUAL OUTPUT(4,1)|ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER SOLUTION(4,1)| | (CN117447264)|1. The carbon fixing unit is characterized by comprising an internal steel slag sheet and an external ring of diatom seed sheets;|the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and a binder;|the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and silicate.|2. The carbon fixation unit according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of steel slag, urea and binder in the inner steel slag sheet is (0.4-1.5): (0.08-0.8): 0.1.|3. the carbon fixing unit according to claim 1, wherein in the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring, the mass ratio of the diatom seed powder, urea and silicate is (3.5-4): (0.3-0.6): 0.2.|4. the carbon fixation unit of claim 1, wherein the binder comprises ethylcellulose.|5. The carbon sequestration unit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the silicate comprises sodium silicate and/or potassium silicate.|6. The method for producing a carbon-fixing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:|mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet in a mould for pressing to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet in the central position of the mould; and mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and adjacent to the steel slag slices, and pressing to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pressing pressure is 30 to 40MPa.|8. The method of claim 6, wherein the pressing time is 3 to 8 minutes.|9. Use of a carbon fixation unit according to any one of claims 1-5 for fixation of carbon dioxide.|10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that the use is in marine stationary carbon dioxide. | (CN117447264)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a carbon fixing unit and a preparation method and application thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Excessive carbon dioxide emissions from human production and life can lead to irreversible environmental problems in the short term such as climate change, glacier and permanent frozen earth thawing, sea level ascent, coral reef death, etc. The ocean occupies a large part of the earth's area, storing 20 times more carbon than land, and about 50% of the carbon dioxide is absorbed by sea water. Diatom is one of the most abundant ocean phytoplankton, which not only accounts for 40% of the ocean primary productivity, but also bears fixation of carbon dioxide emission of more than 50% of the world, so that the ocean carbon sink has great potential.|[0003] The steel slag is an industrial solid waste produced in the steelmaking process, and has high annual output, and the main components of the steel slag are CaO (30-40%), feO (15-20%), siO 2 (10-20%),MgO(5-15%),Al 2 O 3 (5-10%),MnO(1-5%),P 2 O 3 (1-5%). Because the steel slag has good wear resistance and compression resistance, the steel slag is applied to the fields of road construction, civil engineering, cement production, agriculture and the like.|[0004] The existing carbon sink products have complex process, high preparation difficulty and high cost. At present, carbon fixation is mainly realized by adopting methods such as chemical combination of carbon dioxide and materials. Document 1 (environ. Sci. Technology., 2005,39,24,9676-9682) reports that a ground steel slag is used as a raw material, a liquid-solid ratio (deionized water: steel slag) is 2-20kg/kg, and a stirring speed is 100-2000rpm, and a temperature is 25-225 DEG CIntroducing carbon dioxide gas with the pressure of 1-30bar into the high-pressure reaction kettle, continuously reacting for 2-30min, and searching the maximum speed to prepare carbonate (CaCO) 3 ,MgCO 3 ) Thereby realizing the fixed sealing of carbon dioxide. However, the low carbonation rate and the additional energy consumption of the reaction between the steel slag dissolution and the carbon dioxide lead to the failure to effectively alleviate the global warming. Document 2 (chemPhyschem, 2015,16,2106-2109) reports that 1, 2-ethylenediamine and ethylene glycol derivatives can produce sheet PCO for fixing carbon dioxide 2 SM, however, carbon dioxide fixation is reversible and not environmentally friendly.|[0005] The method is characterized in that energy consumption is required in the preparation process, and the components have biotoxicity.|[0006] Therefore, there is a need to provide a new product and method for fixing carbon dioxide, which reduces energy consumption and is also environmentally friendly.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides the carbon fixing unit, the preparation method and the application thereof, and trace metal elements such as Ca, fe, mg, al, mn and the like dissolved in the seawater by industrial waste steel slag can be utilized to realize marine fattening, so that the growth of algae is increased, the carbon fixing efficiency of marine microorganisms is improved, the alkalinity of a water body is improved, and atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed, so that the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the method has the characteristic of being environment-friendly.|[0008] The invention is characterized in that: the invention provides a carbon fixing unit which comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external ring of diatom seed sheets, wherein the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and an adhesive, the external ring of diatom seed sheets comprises diatom seed powder, urea and silicate, and the carbon fixing unit is stable in structure and high in carbon dioxide absorption efficiency by means of structural arrangement of the carbon fixing unit and specific selection of the steel slag sheet and the diatom seed sheet, so that the carbon fixing unit has a good carbon fixing effect in ocean carbon fixing.|[0009] A first aspect of the invention provides a carbon fixation unit.|[0010] Specifically, the carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatomite seed sheet;|[0011] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and a binder;|[0012] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and silicate.|[0013] Preferably, in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass ratio of steel slag, urea and binder is (0.4-1.5): (0.08-0.8): 0.1; further preferably, the mass ratio of the steel slag, the urea and the binder is (0.5-1): (0.1-0.5): 0.1. urea can act as a porogen in addition to serving as a nitrogen source required for algae growth. The proper mass ratio of the steel slag, the urea and the binder is conducive to obtaining the carbon fixing unit with good carbon fixing effect.|[0014] Preferably, in the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring, the mass ratio of the diatom seed powder to the urea to the silicate is (3.5-4): (0.3-0.6): 0.2; further preferably, the mass ratio of the diatom seed powder to the urea to the silicate is (3.8-4): (0.3-0.5): 0.2.|[0015] preferably, the binder comprises Ethylcellulose (EC).|[0016] Preferably, the silicate comprises sodium silicate and/or potassium silicate. Sodium silicate or potassium silicate not only provides the diatom with the silicon source required for its vital activity, but also binds the diatom seed particles together to prevent the diatom seed powder from scattering in the water.|[0017] Preferably, the inner steel slag sheet is circular.|[0018] Preferably, the carbon fixing unit is in a sheet shape.|[0019] The second aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a carbon fixation unit.|[0020] Specifically, the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0021] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet in a mould for pressing to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet in the central position of the mould; and mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and adjacent to the steel slag slices, and pressing to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0022] Preferably, the diameter of the die may be selected as desired, for example, 20-80mm in diameter, specifically, 20mm, 40mm, 60mm, 80mm in diameter.|[0023] Preferably, the pressing pressure is 30-40MPa, and specifically 30MPa, 35MPa and 40MPa.|[0024] Preferably, the pressing time is 3-8 minutes, specifically 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes.|[0025] A third aspect of the invention provides the use of a carbon fixing unit.|[0026] The carbon fixation unit is applied to carbon dioxide fixation.|[0027] Preferably, the application is in marine carbon dioxide fixation.|[0028] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:|[0029] (1) The invention provides a carbon fixing unit which comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external ring of diatom seed sheets, wherein the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and an adhesive, the external ring of diatom seed sheets comprises diatom seed powder, urea and silicate, and the carbon fixing unit is stable in structure and high in carbon dioxide absorption efficiency by means of structural arrangement of the carbon fixing unit and specific selection of the steel slag sheet and the diatom seed sheet, so that the carbon fixing unit has a good carbon fixing effect in ocean carbon fixing.|[0030] (2) The carbon fixing unit has the advantages of simple preparation method and low raw material cost, meets the requirement of large-scale batch preparation in practical application, not only solves the problem that industrial waste steel slag cannot be treated, but also can be utilized as waste, and can be prepared into the carbon fixing unit capable of effectively stimulating the growth and propagation of floating algae.|[0031] (3) The preparation process of the carbon fixing unit does not need energy consumption or high-temperature environment, and the carbon fixing unit can be simply prepared by using a manual sheet pressing machine; the preparation raw materials are environment-friendly and pollution-free, no toxic and harmful substances are generated in the preparation process, and the preparation method has profound application value and prospect.|[0032] (4) The diatom algae of the carbon fixing unit partially solves the problem that the carbon sink target cannot be effectively realized due to the small number of natural phytoplankton in the sea area, and the metal ions dissolved out by the steel slag and the nitrogen source and the silicon source carried by the metal ions and the nitrogen source provide sufficient nutrients for the living activities of the algae, so that the carbon fixing unit is not limited by environmental factors and can effectively complete the carbon fixing task within a certain time.|[0033] (5) The diatom part of the carbon fixing unit can be converted into organic carbon by utilizing inorganic carbon in the environment and stored in algae cells, and after the carbon fixing unit fully performs photosynthesis on the ocean surface to absorb and fix carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the fixed organic carbon is brought into the ocean floor, so that carbon elements are prevented from reentering a bio-geochemical circulation system and returning to the atmosphere.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0034] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural composition of a carbon fixing unit prepared in example 1 of the present invention;|[0035] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between urea and steel slag sheet surface porosity at different addition ratios in carbon fixing units of examples 1 to 7 according to the present invention;|[0036] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of carbon fixation units and a blank control group in examples 4, 6 and 7 of the present invention on the biomass of nannochloropsis;|[0037] FIG. 4 is a 15-day HCO of the carbon-fixing units prepared in examples and comparative examples of the present invention 32- Absorption profile.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0038] In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples will be presented. It should be noted that the following examples do not limit the scope of the invention.|[0039] The starting materials, reagents or apparatus used in the following examples are all available from conventional commercial sources or may be obtained by methods known in the art unless otherwise specified.|[0040] The steel slag powder used in the following examples and comparative examples was obtained from Xinrui trade company, inc. of Zhuhai, cat# 019. After purchasing, grinding to obtain steel slag powder with the grain diameter of 3-5 mu m.|[0041] Diatom powder was purchased from Gao Chun research (Beijing) technology Co., ltd., product number JY-A0426039.|[0042] Example 1: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0043] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0044] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0045] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0046] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.5g and 0.1g;|[0047] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0048] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0049] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0050] Example 2: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0051] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0052] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0053] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0054] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.4g and 0.1g;|[0055] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0056] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0057] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0058] Example 3: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0059] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0060] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0061] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0062] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.3g and 0.1g;|[0063] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0064] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0065] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0066] Example 4: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0067] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0068] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0069] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0070] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.2g and 0.1g;|[0071] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0072] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0073] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0074] Example 5: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0075] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0076] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0077] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0078] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.1g and 0.1g;|[0079] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0080] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0081] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0082] Example 6: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0083] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0084] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag particles (the grain size of the steel slag particles is 300-600 meshes), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0085] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0086] in the steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag particles, urea and ethylcellulose are respectively 1g, 0.2g and 0.1g;|[0087] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0088] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0089] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0090] Example 7: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0091] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0092] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0093] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0094] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethylcellulose are respectively 1g, 0.1g and 0.05g;|[0095] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0096] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0097] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0098] Comparative example 1|[0099] Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 only in that urea is not added to the steel slag sheet of comparative example 1, and the remaining components and processes are the same as example 1.|[0100] Comparative example 2|[0101] Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 only in that urea was not added to the diatom seed pieces of comparative example 2, and the remaining components and processes were the same as example 1.|[0102] Product effect test|[0103] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural composition of a carbon fixing unit prepared in example 1 of the present invention; in fig. 1, 1 denotes a steel slag sheet, 2 denotes a diatom seed sheet, 11 denotes steel slag powder, 12 denotes urea, 13 denotes ethylcellulose, 21 denotes diatom seed powder, and 22 denotes sodium silicate.|[0104] FIG. 2 is a graph of the relationship between urea and the surface porosity of steel slag pieces in different addition ratios in the carbon fixing units of examples 1 to 7 according to the present invention (the abscissa "Sample No." in FIG. 2 represents Sample numbers, wherein Sample numbers 1 to 7 correspond to the carbon fixing units of examples 1 to 7 in order, and the ordinate "Porosity Area Percentage" represents the area percent of porosity).|[0105] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the statistics of the porosity of the surface of the steel slag sheet in the center portion of the samples of 7 examples. The prepared sample of the example was placed in artificial seawater for 10min, then observed under an optical microscope, 5 windows of 1mm x 1mm (with a scale of 200 μm) were randomly selected, the ratio of the aperture area to the window area was counted using Image J software, and the mean value and standard deviation were calculated to draw a bar chart as shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, different amounts of urea added result in different surface porosities of the steel slag sheet. And as can be seen from the examples 4 and 6, under the same conditions of other conditions, the change of the grain size of the steel slag has obvious influence on the porosity of the surface of the steel slag sheet.|[0106] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of carbon-fixing units and a blank group in examples 4, 6 and 7 of the present invention on the biomass of nannochloropsis (FIG. 3 (a) ordinate "Algal Density" represents nannochloropsis density, "cells" represents cells, OD 680 Represents absorbance at 680nm wavelength; (b) Ordinate OD 680 The absorbance at 680nm is shown, the abscissa "Time (day)" is the Time (day), the "Blank Control" is the Blank Control, and "4, 6, 7" correspond to the carbon-fixing units of examples 4, 6, 7 in this order.|[0107] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the effect of the control group and examples 4, 6, and 7 on the day 7 biomass of nannochloropsis. Firstly, drawing a standard curve of the nannochloropsis liquid: and diluting the pseudo-microalgae algae liquid into 7 concentration gradients of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, and the like, counting the cell numbers of the algae liquid with different concentration gradients by using a blood cell counting plate, testing the absorbance of the pseudo-microalgae algae liquid with different concentration gradients at the wavelength lambda=680 nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, linearly fitting the absorbance with the biomass of the algae liquid, drawing a standard curve, and calculating the variance. After the corresponding equation of absorbance and pseudo-microalgae algae liquid biomass is obtained, the change condition of algae liquid biomass can be counted by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (as shown in (a) of fig. 3): the seawater algae liquid without carbon fixing units (blank control) and the algae liquid biomass containing the carbon fixing units of examples 4, 6 and 7 respectively are tested for 7 day change conditions (temperature 25 ℃, light 1200lux, light: dark=14h: 10h, still water experiment), the influence of different steel slag particle size lysates on the algae growth conditions is explored by the controls of examples 4 and 6, the influence of different steel slag particle size lysates on the algae growth conditions is explored by the controls of examples 4 and 7 (as shown in (b) of fig. 3), as can be seen in (b) of fig. 3, trace metal ions can be dissolved out faster by the steel slag powder with smaller particle size, which is beneficial to stimulating algae reproduction, but the algae growth is inhibited or even the algae death is caused when the steel slag powder is accumulated to a certain concentration in a still water container (500 ml beaker, 300ml of algae liquid); the steel slag with larger grain size can slowly dissolve out metal ions, and has a promoting effect compared with a blank control group without steel slag sheets.|[0108] Example 6 is a control group in which the amount of steel slag was reduced in equal proportion as in example 4, and has an effect of stably promoting an increase in algal biomass as compared with a blank control group. The experiment proves that the steel slag extract is favorable for the growth and propagation of algae.|[0109] FIG. 4 is a 15-day HCO of the carbon-fixing units prepared in examples and comparative examples of the present invention 32- Absorption diagram (ordinate "Concentration of HCO in FIG. 4) 32- "means HCO 32- The abscissa "Time (day)" represents Time (day), "0" represents blank control group, "1, 2, 3, 4, 5" corresponds to the carbon fixation units of examples 1 to 5 in order, and "C1, C2" corresponds to the comparative examples 1,2 in order.|[0110] Placing a carbon fixation unit sample in HCO 32- Testing residual HCO in the solution by hydrochloric acid titration in artificial seawater solution with initial concentration of 168mg/L 32- Concentration to verify the carbon fixation efficiency of the carbon fixation unit for converting inorganic carbon into organic carbon itself by the biochar pump. The test results are shown in fig. 4.|[0111] As can be seen from fig. 4, the carbon fixing unit of example 4 has an optimal carbon fixing ability. The carbon fixing ability of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 was inferior to that of the example to which urea was added. The blank group had little carbon fixation capacity. | (CN117447264)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a carbon fixing unit and a preparation method and application thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Excessive carbon dioxide emissions from human production and life can lead to irreversible environmental problems in the short term such as climate change, glacier and permanent frozen earth thawing, sea level ascent, coral reef death, etc. The ocean occupies a large part of the earth's area, storing 20 times more carbon than land, and about 50% of the carbon dioxide is absorbed by sea water. Diatom is one of the most abundant ocean phytoplankton, which not only accounts for 40% of the ocean primary productivity, but also bears fixation of carbon dioxide emission of more than 50% of the world, so that the ocean carbon sink has great potential.|[0003] The steel slag is an industrial solid waste produced in the steelmaking process, and has high annual output, and the main components of the steel slag are CaO (30-40%), feO (15-20%), siO 2 (10-20%),MgO(5-15%),Al 2 O 3 (5-10%),MnO(1-5%),P 2 O 3 (1-5%). Because the steel slag has good wear resistance and compression resistance, the steel slag is applied to the fields of road construction, civil engineering, cement production, agriculture and the like.|[0004] The existing carbon sink products have complex process, high preparation difficulty and high cost. At present, carbon fixation is mainly realized by adopting methods such as chemical combination of carbon dioxide and materials. Document 1 (environ. Sci. Technology., 2005,39,24,9676-9682) reports that a ground steel slag is used as a raw material, a liquid-solid ratio (deionized water: steel slag) is 2-20kg/kg, and a stirring speed is 100-2000rpm, and a temperature is 25-225 DEG CIntroducing carbon dioxide gas with the pressure of 1-30bar into the high-pressure reaction kettle, continuously reacting for 2-30min, and searching the maximum speed to prepare carbonate (CaCO) 3 ,MgCO 3 ) Thereby realizing the fixed sealing of carbon dioxide. However, the low carbonation rate and the additional energy consumption of the reaction between the steel slag dissolution and the carbon dioxide lead to the failure to effectively alleviate the global warming. Document 2 (chemPhyschem, 2015,16,2106-2109) reports that 1, 2-ethylenediamine and ethylene glycol derivatives can produce sheet PCO for fixing carbon dioxide 2 SM, however, carbon dioxide fixation is reversible and not environmentally friendly.|[0005] The method is characterized in that energy consumption is required in the preparation process, and the components have biotoxicity.|[0006] Therefore, there is a need to provide a new product and method for fixing carbon dioxide, which reduces energy consumption and is also environmentally friendly.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides the carbon fixing unit, the preparation method and the application thereof, and trace metal elements such as Ca, fe, mg, al, mn and the like dissolved in the seawater by industrial waste steel slag can be utilized to realize marine fattening, so that the growth of algae is increased, the carbon fixing efficiency of marine microorganisms is improved, the alkalinity of a water body is improved, and atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed, so that the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the method has the characteristic of being environment-friendly.|[0008] The invention is characterized in that: the invention provides a carbon fixing unit which comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external ring of diatom seed sheets, wherein the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and an adhesive, the external ring of diatom seed sheets comprises diatom seed powder, urea and silicate, and the carbon fixing unit is stable in structure and high in carbon dioxide absorption efficiency by means of structural arrangement of the carbon fixing unit and specific selection of the steel slag sheet and the diatom seed sheet, so that the carbon fixing unit has a good carbon fixing effect in ocean carbon fixing.|[0009] A first aspect of the invention provides a carbon fixation unit.|[0010] Specifically, the carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatomite seed sheet;|[0011] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and a binder;|[0012] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and silicate.|[0013] Preferably, in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass ratio of steel slag, urea and binder is (0.4-1.5): (0.08-0.8): 0.1; further preferably, the mass ratio of the steel slag, the urea and the binder is (0.5-1): (0.1-0.5): 0.1. urea can act as a porogen in addition to serving as a nitrogen source required for algae growth. The proper mass ratio of the steel slag, the urea and the binder is conducive to obtaining the carbon fixing unit with good carbon fixing effect.|[0014] Preferably, in the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring, the mass ratio of the diatom seed powder to the urea to the silicate is (3.5-4): (0.3-0.6): 0.2; further preferably, the mass ratio of the diatom seed powder to the urea to the silicate is (3.8-4): (0.3-0.5): 0.2.|[0015] preferably, the binder comprises Ethylcellulose (EC).|[0016] Preferably, the silicate comprises sodium silicate and/or potassium silicate. Sodium silicate or potassium silicate not only provides the diatom with the silicon source required for its vital activity, but also binds the diatom seed particles together to prevent the diatom seed powder from scattering in the water.|[0017] Preferably, the inner steel slag sheet is circular.|[0018] Preferably, the carbon fixing unit is in a sheet shape.|[0019] The second aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a carbon fixation unit.|[0020] Specifically, the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0021] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet in a mould for pressing to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet in the central position of the mould; and mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and adjacent to the steel slag slices, and pressing to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0022] Preferably, the diameter of the die may be selected as desired, for example, 20-80mm in diameter, specifically, 20mm, 40mm, 60mm, 80mm in diameter.|[0023] Preferably, the pressing pressure is 30-40MPa, and specifically 30MPa, 35MPa and 40MPa.|[0024] Preferably, the pressing time is 3-8 minutes, specifically 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes.|[0025] A third aspect of the invention provides the use of a carbon fixing unit.|[0026] The carbon fixation unit is applied to carbon dioxide fixation.|[0027] Preferably, the application is in marine carbon dioxide fixation.|[0028] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:|[0029] (1) The invention provides a carbon fixing unit which comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external ring of diatom seed sheets, wherein the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and an adhesive, the external ring of diatom seed sheets comprises diatom seed powder, urea and silicate, and the carbon fixing unit is stable in structure and high in carbon dioxide absorption efficiency by means of structural arrangement of the carbon fixing unit and specific selection of the steel slag sheet and the diatom seed sheet, so that the carbon fixing unit has a good carbon fixing effect in ocean carbon fixing.|[0030] (2) The carbon fixing unit has the advantages of simple preparation method and low raw material cost, meets the requirement of large-scale batch preparation in practical application, not only solves the problem that industrial waste steel slag cannot be treated, but also can be utilized as waste, and can be prepared into the carbon fixing unit capable of effectively stimulating the growth and propagation of floating algae.|[0031] (3) The preparation process of the carbon fixing unit does not need energy consumption or high-temperature environment, and the carbon fixing unit can be simply prepared by using a manual sheet pressing machine; the preparation raw materials are environment-friendly and pollution-free, no toxic and harmful substances are generated in the preparation process, and the preparation method has profound application value and prospect.|[0032] (4) The diatom algae of the carbon fixing unit partially solves the problem that the carbon sink target cannot be effectively realized due to the small number of natural phytoplankton in the sea area, and the metal ions dissolved out by the steel slag and the nitrogen source and the silicon source carried by the metal ions and the nitrogen source provide sufficient nutrients for the living activities of the algae, so that the carbon fixing unit is not limited by environmental factors and can effectively complete the carbon fixing task within a certain time.|[0033] (5) The diatom part of the carbon fixing unit can be converted into organic carbon by utilizing inorganic carbon in the environment and stored in algae cells, and after the carbon fixing unit fully performs photosynthesis on the ocean surface to absorb and fix carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the fixed organic carbon is brought into the ocean floor, so that carbon elements are prevented from reentering a bio-geochemical circulation system and returning to the atmosphere.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0034] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural composition of a carbon fixing unit prepared in example 1 of the present invention;|[0035] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between urea and steel slag sheet surface porosity at different addition ratios in carbon fixing units of examples 1 to 7 according to the present invention;|[0036] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of carbon fixation units and a blank control group in examples 4, 6 and 7 of the present invention on the biomass of nannochloropsis;|[0037] FIG. 4 is a 15-day HCO of the carbon-fixing units prepared in examples and comparative examples of the present invention 32- Absorption profile.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0038] In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples will be presented. It should be noted that the following examples do not limit the scope of the invention.|[0039] The starting materials, reagents or apparatus used in the following examples are all available from conventional commercial sources or may be obtained by methods known in the art unless otherwise specified.|[0040] The steel slag powder used in the following examples and comparative examples was obtained from Xinrui trade company, inc. of Zhuhai, cat# 019. After purchasing, grinding to obtain steel slag powder with the grain diameter of 3-5 mu m.|[0041] Diatom powder was purchased from Gao Chun research (Beijing) technology Co., ltd., product number JY-A0426039.|[0042] Example 1: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0043] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0044] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0045] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0046] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.5g and 0.1g;|[0047] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0048] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0049] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0050] Example 2: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0051] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0052] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0053] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0054] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.4g and 0.1g;|[0055] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0056] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0057] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0058] Example 3: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0059] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0060] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0061] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0062] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.3g and 0.1g;|[0063] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0064] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0065] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0066] Example 4: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0067] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0068] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0069] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0070] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.2g and 0.1g;|[0071] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0072] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0073] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0074] Example 5: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0075] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0076] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0077] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0078] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethyl cellulose are respectively 1g, 0.1g and 0.1g;|[0079] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0080] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0081] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0082] Example 6: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0083] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0084] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag particles (the grain size of the steel slag particles is 300-600 meshes), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0085] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0086] in the steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag particles, urea and ethylcellulose are respectively 1g, 0.2g and 0.1g;|[0087] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0088] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0089] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0090] Example 7: preparation of carbon fixation Unit|[0091] A carbon fixing unit comprises an internal steel slag sheet and an external diatom seed sheet;|[0092] the composition of the internal steel slag sheet comprises ground steel slag powder (the particle size of the ground steel slag powder is 3-5 mu m), urea and ethylcellulose;|[0093] the diatom seed pieces of the outer ring comprise diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate;|[0094] in the internal steel slag sheet, the mass of the steel slag powder, the mass of the urea and the mass of the ethylcellulose are respectively 1g, 0.1g and 0.05g;|[0095] the mass of the diatom seed powder, urea and sodium silicate in the diatom seed pieces at the outer ring are respectively 4g, 0.5g and 0.2g;|[0096] the preparation method of the carbon fixing unit comprises the following steps:|[0097] mixing raw materials for preparing the steel slag sheet, placing the steel slag sheet into a round tabletting mold with the diameter of 20mm, gradually pressurizing the steel slag sheet by using a manual tabletting machine, keeping the steel slag sheet under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to obtain the steel slag sheet, and placing the steel slag sheet into the center of the round tabletting mold with the diameter of 40 mm; mixing the raw materials for preparing the diatom seed slices, then placing the mixture at the edge of a die and at a position adjacent to the steel slag slices, gradually pressurizing the mixture by using a manual tablet press, and keeping the mixture under the pressure of 40MPa for 5 minutes to prepare the carbon fixing unit.|[0098] Comparative example 1|[0099] Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 only in that urea is not added to the steel slag sheet of comparative example 1, and the remaining components and processes are the same as example 1.|[0100] Comparative example 2|[0101] Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 only in that urea was not added to the diatom seed pieces of comparative example 2, and the remaining components and processes were the same as example 1.|[0102] Product effect test|[0103] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural composition of a carbon fixing unit prepared in example 1 of the present invention; in fig. 1, 1 denotes a steel slag sheet, 2 denotes a diatom seed sheet, 11 denotes steel slag powder, 12 denotes urea, 13 denotes ethylcellulose, 21 denotes diatom seed powder, and 22 denotes sodium silicate.|[0104] FIG. 2 is a graph of the relationship between urea and the surface porosity of steel slag pieces in different addition ratios in the carbon fixing units of examples 1 to 7 according to the present invention (the abscissa "Sample No." in FIG. 2 represents Sample numbers, wherein Sample numbers 1 to 7 correspond to the carbon fixing units of examples 1 to 7 in order, and the ordinate "Porosity Area Percentage" represents the area percent of porosity).|[0105] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the statistics of the porosity of the surface of the steel slag sheet in the center portion of the samples of 7 examples. The prepared sample of the example was placed in artificial seawater for 10min, then observed under an optical microscope, 5 windows of 1mm x 1mm (with a scale of 200 μm) were randomly selected, the ratio of the aperture area to the window area was counted using Image J software, and the mean value and standard deviation were calculated to draw a bar chart as shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, different amounts of urea added result in different surface porosities of the steel slag sheet. And as can be seen from the examples 4 and 6, under the same conditions of other conditions, the change of the grain size of the steel slag has obvious influence on the porosity of the surface of the steel slag sheet.|[0106] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of carbon-fixing units and a blank group in examples 4, 6 and 7 of the present invention on the biomass of nannochloropsis (FIG. 3 (a) ordinate "Algal Density" represents nannochloropsis density, "cells" represents cells, OD 680 Represents absorbance at 680nm wavelength; (b) Ordinate OD 680 The absorbance at 680nm is shown, the abscissa "Time (day)" is the Time (day), the "Blank Control" is the Blank Control, and "4, 6, 7" correspond to the carbon-fixing units of examples 4, 6, 7 in this order.|[0107] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the effect of the control group and examples 4, 6, and 7 on the day 7 biomass of nannochloropsis. Firstly, drawing a standard curve of the nannochloropsis liquid: and diluting the pseudo-microalgae algae liquid into 7 concentration gradients of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, and the like, counting the cell numbers of the algae liquid with different concentration gradients by using a blood cell counting plate, testing the absorbance of the pseudo-microalgae algae liquid with different concentration gradients at the wavelength lambda=680 nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, linearly fitting the absorbance with the biomass of the algae liquid, drawing a standard curve, and calculating the variance. After the corresponding equation of absorbance and pseudo-microalgae algae liquid biomass is obtained, the change condition of algae liquid biomass can be counted by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (as shown in (a) of fig. 3): the seawater algae liquid without carbon fixing units (blank control) and the algae liquid biomass containing the carbon fixing units of examples 4, 6 and 7 respectively are tested for 7 day change conditions (temperature 25 ℃, light 1200lux, light: dark=14h: 10h, still water experiment), the influence of different steel slag particle size lysates on the algae growth conditions is explored by the controls of examples 4 and 6, the influence of different steel slag particle size lysates on the algae growth conditions is explored by the controls of examples 4 and 7 (as shown in (b) of fig. 3), as can be seen in (b) of fig. 3, trace metal ions can be dissolved out faster by the steel slag powder with smaller particle size, which is beneficial to stimulating algae reproduction, but the algae growth is inhibited or even the algae death is caused when the steel slag powder is accumulated to a certain concentration in a still water container (500 ml beaker, 300ml of algae liquid); the steel slag with larger grain size can slowly dissolve out metal ions, and has a promoting effect compared with a blank control group without steel slag sheets.|[0108] Example 6 is a control group in which the amount of steel slag was reduced in equal proportion as in example 4, and has an effect of stably promoting an increase in algal biomass as compared with a blank control group. The experiment proves that the steel slag extract is favorable for the growth and propagation of algae.|[0109] FIG. 4 is a 15-day HCO of the carbon-fixing units prepared in examples and comparative examples of the present invention 32- Absorption diagram (ordinate "Concentration of HCO in FIG. 4) 32- "means HCO 32- The abscissa "Time (day)" represents Time (day), "0" represents blank control group, "1, 2, 3, 4, 5" corresponds to the carbon fixation units of examples 1 to 5 in order, and "C1, C2" corresponds to the comparative examples 1,2 in order.|[0110] Placing a carbon fixation unit sample in HCO 32- Testing residual HCO in the solution by hydrochloric acid titration in artificial seawater solution with initial concentration of 168mg/L 32- Concentration to verify the carbon fixation efficiency of the carbon fixation unit for converting inorganic carbon into organic carbon itself by the biochar pump. The test results are shown in fig. 4.|[0111] As can be seen from fig. 4, the carbon fixing unit of example 4 has an optimal carbon fixing ability. The carbon fixing ability of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 was inferior to that of the example to which urea was added. The blank group had little carbon fixation capacity. | Family Number|(108306157)|108306157|Abstract|(CN117447264 A)|The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection , and discloses a carbon sequestration unit and a preparation method and application thereof . The carbon sequestration unit comprises an inner steel slag sheet and an outer diatom seed sheet , the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag , urea and an adhesive ; the diatom seed piece on the outer ring is composed of diatom seed powder , urea and silicate . Through structural arrangement of the carbon sequestration unit and specific selection of composition of the steel slag sheet and the diatom seed sheet , the carbon sequestration unit is stable in structure and high in carbon dioxide absorption efficiency , so that the carbon sequestration unit has a very good carbon sequestration effect in ocean carbon sequestration .|Title|(CN117447264 A)|Carbon sequestration unit and preparation method and application thereof | | Basic materials chemistry|Environmental technology|Materials, metallurgy|Other special machines | A01G-033/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/84|B01D-2257/504|C04B-018/14/2|C04B-026/28|C04B-028/26|C04B-2111/00017|C05C-009/00|C05D-009/00|C05G-003/00 | (GR1) C05C-009/00[RK1]; C05D-009/00[RK2]; C05G-003/00[RK3]|(GR2) C04B-026/28[RK1]; C04B-018/14/2[RK2]; C04B-024/12/6[RK3]|(GR3) C04B-028/26[RK1]; C04B-024/12/6[RK2] | A01G-033/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/84|B01D-2257/504|C04B-018/14/2|C04B-026/28|C04B-028/26|C04B-2111/00017|C05C-009/00|C05D-009/00|C05G-003/00 | A01G-033/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/84|C04B-018/14|C04B-026/28|C04B-028/26|C05D-009/00|C05G-003/00 | A01G-033/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/84|C04B-018/14|C04B-026/28|C04B-028/26|C05D-009/00|C05G-003/00 | JP2006068732|JP2003134958|JP2005095092 | JP2006068732 22866782 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|JP2003134958 31813637 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|JP2005095092 22363234 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | JP2003134958; JP2005095092; JP2006068732 | PENDING | (CN117447264)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN117447264)|ALIVE | (CN117447264)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN117447264|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-10-26|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2023-10-26|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202311407012|Application date=2023-10-26|Standardized application number=2023CN-1407012|Event publication date=2024-01-26|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN117447264|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-01-26|Standardized publication number=CN117447264|Event publication date=2024-01-26|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-02-13|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN117447264)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoQDvgvEzvGUJVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000071218856&ekey=2122&xpn=CN117447264&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=9Tkg4ulqo4T0oxnA5Zh0EZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN117447264)|CN | (CN117447264)|NAME=SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN117447264)|NAME=YIN FANHUA;JIAQUAN IP LAW , REG=44205 | (CN117447264)|NAME=SUN DONGBO|NAME=WANG LITING|NAME=JIANG XUZHOU|NAME=YU HONGYING|NAME=ZHOU JIAXIANG | Titre: (CN117447264)|Carbon sequestration unit and preparation method and application thereof Résumé: (CN117447264)|The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and discloses a carbon sequestration unit and a preparation method and application thereof. The carbon sequestration unit comprises an inner steel slag sheet and an outer diatom seed sheet, the internal steel slag sheet comprises steel slag, urea and an adhesive; the diatom seed piece on the outer ring is composed of diatom seed powder, urea and silicate. Through structural arrangement of the carbon sequestration unit and specific selection of composition of the steel slag sheet and the diatom seed sheet, the carbon sequestration unit is stable in structure and high in carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, so that the carbon sequestration unit has a very good carbon sequestration effect in ocean carbon sequestration. | 32.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a carbon sequestration unit that does not specifically mention ocean fertilization or the stimulation of phytoplankton growth through nutrient addition. | 3.0 | 0.0 | (CN117447264)|1 | (CN117447264)|9 | (CN117447264)|10 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN117447264)|4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN117447264)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-01-26|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-0402|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11| | (CN117447264)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN117447264)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 43 | CN202411643674 | CN202411643674 | CN119151566|CN119151566 | 112638772 | CN119151566 B 2025-11-11 [CN119151566B]|CN119151566 A 2024-12-17 [CN119151566] | 2024-11-18 | 2024-11-18 | 2025-11-11|2024-12-17 | (CN119151566B)|2025-11-11 | (CN119151566)|2044-11-18 | (CN119151566)|Ocean carbon sink data investigation method and system | (CN119151566)|The invention provides an ocean carbon sink data investigation method and system, and relates to the technical field of carbon sink management investigation, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining initial data in ocean carbon sink ecology, carrying out the carbon sink element analysis based on the initial data, determining carbon reserves and impact factors, building a dynamic change model based on the initial data and impact factors in the ocean carbon sink ecology, and obtaining an ocean carbon sink data investigation result. The method comprises the following steps: calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result, constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, carrying out temperature feedback correction on an obtained carbon sink prediction result, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, constructing a multi-dimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model, and obtaining a final optimized carbon sink prediction result. By introducing a dynamic change model, a temperature feedback model and a biological density and population competition feedback mechanism, static reserves of carbon sequestration in a marine ecosystem are considered, multi-dimensional dynamic feedback factors are integrated, and a carbon sequestration prediction result can be adjusted in different time steps. | INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY - CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES|SHANDONG MARINE FORECASTING & DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER | (CN119151566)|INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN])|SHANDONG MARINE FORECASTING AND DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER|(CN119151566)|INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN])|SHANDONG MARINE FORECASTING AND DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER | LIU JIE|WANG XITAO|LIU XIAOHUI|ZHU ANCHENG|JIN XIN|ZHANG SHAN|WANG DONGLIANG|CHEN LU | (CN119151566)|LIU JIE|WANG XITAO|LIU XIAOHUI|ZHU ANCHENG|JIN XIN|ZHANG SHAN|WANG DONGLIANG|CHEN LU|(CN119151566)|LIU JIE|WANG XITAO|LIU XIAOHUI|ZHU ANCHENG|JIN XIN|ZHANG SHAN|WANG DONGLIANG|CHEN LU | (CN119151566)|CHENG DAN;BEIJING XINYU CHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 16121 | (CN119151566)|Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a method and a system for investigating ocean carbon sink data.|The current ocean carbon sink data investigation method is mainly based on a simple carbon reserve statistics and temperature feedback model, however, the methods generally only consider initial data of the carbon reserve and basic environmental factors such as the influence of temperature on the carbon sink, and cannot fully consider dynamic feedback mechanisms such as biological density, population competition and the like, so that complex interaction inside an ocean ecological system is difficult to accurately reflect.| | (CN119151566)|1. The marine carbon sink data investigation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S100, acquiring initial data in marine carbon sink ecology, and analyzing carbon sink elements based on the initial data to determine carbon reserves and influence factors; s200, constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology, and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result; s300, constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the carbon quantity prediction result obtained in the S200; S400, based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in the S300, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism, and constructing a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result; initial data in ocean carbon sink ecology is obtained, carbon sink element analysis is carried out based on the initial data, and carbon reserves and influence factors are determined, specifically comprising the following steps: S101, initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology comprises overground carbon reserve data, underground carbon reserve data and sediment carbon reserve data; s102, analyzing carbon sink elements, wherein the analysis specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) analyzing the carbon reserves on the ground, and calculating the carbon reserves of the overground part in the marine ecology: Cabove=Babove·fc Wherein B above is above-ground biomass, f c is carbon content coefficient, and CD above is above-ground carbon reserve data; analyzing the underground carbon reserves, and calculating the carbon reserves of underground parts in marine ecology: Cbelow=Bbelow·fc Wherein B below is underground biomass, f c is carbon content coefficient, and C below is underground carbon reserve data; sediment carbon reserves analysis, calculating the carbon reserves of sediment in marine ecology: Csediment=ρsediment·dsediment·foc Where ρ sediment is the deposit density, d sediment is the deposit depth, f oc is the deposit organic carbon content, and C sediment represents deposit carbon reserves data; s103, determining an influence factor of the carbon reserves by using a statistical regression analysis processing method based on the acquired initial data and the analysis result of the carbon sink factors; Based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology, a dynamic change model is constructed, and an initial carbon sink prediction result is calculated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: S201, before a dynamic change model is constructed, calculating to obtain the respiration rate in the marine ecology and the primary productivity in the marine ecology; the respiration rate in marine ecology is calculated, specifically: Reco(T,S,O)=β·h(T)·k(S,O) Wherein β represents a respiration rate coefficient, h (T) represents an influence function of temperature on respiration rate, k (S, O) represents a comprehensive influence function of salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration, and R eco (T, S, O) represents respiration rate in marine ecology; Calculating the primary productivity in marine ecology, specifically: Pg(T,N)=α·f(T)·g(N) Wherein P g (T, N) represents the primary productivity in marine ecology, alpha represents the primary productivity coefficient, f (T) represents the temperature influence function, and g (N) represents the influence function of the nutrient concentration; S202, inputting primary productivity in marine ecology and respiratory rate in marine ecology to construct a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology in S100, wherein the dynamic change model specifically comprises the following steps: Wherein, C t is an initial carbon sink prediction result, C 0 is an initial carbon reserve, P g (T, N) is a primary productivity in marine ecology, R eco (T, S, O) is a respiration rate in marine ecology, and T is a prediction time step; S203, calculating carbon sink change in each time step based on the dynamic change model obtained in the S202, and accumulating the result to an initial carbon reserve to obtain an initial carbon sink prediction result of the carbon sink; Calculating the carbon sink change in each time step based on the dynamic change model obtained in the step S202, and accumulating the result to the initial carbon reserves to obtain a preliminary carbon sink prediction result, wherein the preliminary carbon sink prediction result is specifically as follows: Ct=Ct-Δt+(Pg(T,N)-Reco(T,S,O))·Δt Where C t represents the initial carbon sink prediction result, C t-Δt represents the carbon sink at the previous time step, (P g(T,N)-Reco (T, S, O)) represents the net change in carbon reserves for a time step of Δt, Δt representing the time step; constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the carbon sink quantity prediction result obtained in the step S200, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: s301, acquiring current temperature data, setting an optimal temperature, and calculating a temperature deviation value, wherein the optimal temperature is determined based on an ecological type and historical data; Calculating a temperature deviation value, and calculating the deviation between the current temperature T and the optimal temperature T opt, wherein the deviation is specifically as follows: ΔT=T-Topt Wherein T opt represents the optimal temperature, T represents the current temperature, and DeltaT represents the temperature deviation; S302, constructing a temperature feedback model, which specifically comprises the following steps: wherein, C feedback (T) represents a corrected carbon sink prediction result, C t represents an initial carbon sink prediction result, T represents an ambient temperature at a current time step, T opt represents an optimal temperature, and gamma represents a temperature sensitivity coefficient; S303, feedback correction, namely correcting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in S200 based on the temperature feedback model obtained in S302, and substituting the temperature deviation delta T into the temperature feedback model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: Wherein C feedback (T) represents a corrected carbon sink prediction result, C t represents an initial carbon sink prediction result, gamma represents a temperature sensitivity coefficient, e represents a base of natural logarithm, and DeltaT represents a temperature deviation; s304, obtaining a corrected carbon sink prediction result based on S303. | | (CN119151566)|The application provides a marine carbon sink data investigation method and a system, which relate to the technical field of carbon sink management investigation, and are used for acquiring initial data in marine carbon sink ecology, carrying out carbon sink element analysis based on the initial data, determining carbon reserves and influence factors, constructing a dynamic change model based on the initial data and the influence factors in the marine carbon sink ecology, calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result, constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, carrying out temperature feedback correction on the obtained carbon sink prediction result, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, constructing a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model, and obtaining a finally optimized carbon sink prediction result.|The invention provides a marine carbon sink data investigation method and a marine carbon sink data investigation system, which aim to solve the technical problem that complex interaction inside a marine ecological system is difficult to accurately reflect in the related art, and further avoid the actual problem that the marine ecological system cannot adapt to multi-dimensional and multi-scale dynamic changes, so that the follow-up problem that the accuracy and the applicability of a prediction result are low is avoided.In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:|The invention relates to the technical field of carbon sink management investigation, in particular to a marine carbon sink data investigation method and system.| | (CN119151566)|CARBON SINK(100,222)|CARBON RESERVE(100,23)|DATA INVESTIGATION(100,15)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(100,10)|MARINE ECOLOGY(89,42)|CARBON SINK ECOLOGY(89,30)|MANAGEMENT INVESTIGATION(85,2)|MULTIDIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC(79,11)|FEEDBACK CORRECTION(78,17)|POPULATION COMPETITION FEEDBACK FACTOR(73,11)|CARBON SINK MANAGEMENT INVESTIGATION(72,2)|SEDIMENT(70,8)|PREDICTION RESULT(69,62)|CARBON SINK DATA INVESTIGATION(66,13)|MULTIDIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC CARBON SINK(66,11)|ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS(60,3)|TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK(59,33)|CARBON RESERVE DATA(58,16)|CORRECTION MODEL(57,10)|CARBON SINK PREDICTION RESULT(55,59)|UNDERGROUND BIOMASS(53,3)|CARBON CONTENT COEFFICIENT(53,2)|UNDERGROUND CARBON RESERVE(50,4)|INVESTIGATING OCEAN(50,2)|OPTIMIZATION MODEL(47,8)|UNDERGROUND CARBON RESERVE DATA(47,5)|DYNAMIC CHANGE(46,18)|SEA CARBON SINK INVESTIGATION(44,2)|DEVIATION(43,2)|CARBON SINK PREDICTION(42,13)|COMPETITION FEEDBACK(42,10)|TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENT(40,12)|INFLUENCE FACTOR(40,6)|POPULATION COMPETITION(40,4)|MULTIDIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC FEEDBACK FACTOR(40,2)|PUTTING PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(40,1)|SALINITY COMPREHENSIVE INFLUENCE FUNCTION(37,1)|DATA ACQUISITION(36,3)|PRELIMINARY PREDICTION(34,6)|STATISTICAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS(34,3)|TEMPERATURE DEVIATION(33,12)|SEDIMENT CARBON(32,3)|GAMMA(31,2)|COMPLEX INTERACTION(31,1)|RESPIRATION RATE COEFFICIENT(31,1)|MULTISCALE DYNAMIC CHANGE(30,2)|SEDIMENT CARBON RESERVE DATA(29,5)|INTERPOPULATION COMPETITION DATA(29,3)|CARBON SINK STATIC RESERVE(29,2)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(28,18)|COMPLEX INTERACTION INSIDE(27,1)|STATISTIC(27,1)|RESPIRATION RATE(25,18)|DEPOSIT DEPTH(25,3)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY COEFFICIENT(25,3)|ADJUSTMENT COEFFICIENT(25,1)|DEPOSIT ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT(25,1)|DENSITY FEEDBACK FACTOR(24,5)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM NAVIGATION(24,5)|HISTORICAL DATA(24,3)|ELEMENT ANALYSIS(23,7)|DEPOSIT DENSITY(23,3)|POPULATION COMPETITION FEEDBACK(23,3)|MULTI DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC(22,2)|DYNAMIC FEEDBACK(22,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR BASIS(22,1)|CARBON SINK ELEMENT(21,7)|ECOLOGY(21,4)|OPTIMIZATION(21,4)|INTRODUCING DENSITY(20,2)|FITNLM FUNCTION(20,1)|CARBON SINK FACTOR(19,3)|CARBON SINK OPTIMIZATION(19,3)|INITIAL ACQUISITION DATA(19,3)|NET CHANGE(19,3)|SEA(18,4)|CONSTRUCTING DYNAMIC CHANGE(18,2)|TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK CONSTRUCTION(18,2)|CARBON QUANTITY PREDICTION RESULT(18,1)|CARBON SINK CHANGE(17,7)|QUANTITY PREDICTION RESULT(17,7)|AMBIENT TEMPERATURE(17,3)|CARBON SINK PREDICTED(17,3)|NATURAL LOGARITHM(17,3)|NUTRIENT INFLUENCE FUNCTION(17,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(17,1)|TEMPERATURE DEVIATION DELTA T(17,1)|COMPREHENSIVE INFLUENCE FUNCTION(16,3)|PREDICTION TIME(15,1)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN(14,4)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM(13,7)|TEMPERATURETHE DEVIATION(13,2)|INFLUENCE FUNCTION(12,4)|ABOVEGROUND CARBON RESERVE DATA(10,3)|DENSITY DATA(10,3)|DENSITY MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VALUE(10,3)|INFLUENCING FACTOR(10,3)|RESPIRATORY RATE(9,5)|TEMPERATURE DATA(8,5)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(8,2)|CARBON RESERVE DECREMENT(8,1)|ISDEPOSIT CARBON RESERVE(8,1)|METEOROLOGICAL DATABASE(8,1)|OVER LAND(7,4)|TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE FUNCTION(7,2)|CARBON SINK RESULT(7,1)|DENSITY APPROACHESIN(7,1)|INVESTIGATING MARINE CARBON SINK(7,1)|INVESTIGATION REPORT(7,1)|MAXIMUM BIOLOGICAL DENSITYCALCULATING(7,1)|NUTRIENT UTILIZATION(7,1)|RESPIRATION CONSUMPTION(7,1)|SEAWEED BED(7,1)|SHELLFISH CULTURE(7,1)|SPECIES COMPETITION(7,1)|SURVEY REPORT(7,1)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY(6,7)|CARBON SINK CHANGE DATA(6,3)|SALINITY(6,3)|SUBSURFACE CARBON RESERVE DATA(6,2)|TEMPERATURESUBSTITUTING(6,2)|CARRYING OUT TEMPERATURE(5,6)|OPTIMIZATION OUTPUT UNIT(5,4)|ADJUSTMENT FACTOR(5,2)|MATLABAND(5,2)|OCEAN CARBON SINK DATA(5,2)|FOLLOW UP(5,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK TREND(5,1)|PREDICTION ACCURACY(5,1)|DEVIATIONTHE TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK MODEL(4,1)||(CN119151566)|CARBON SINK(100,225)|DATA INVESTIGATION(100,17)|CARBON SINK DATA INVESTIGATION(100,15)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(100,9)|MANAGEMENT INVESTIGATION(85,2)|CARBON SINK ECOLOGY(82,31)|MULTIDIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC(80,11)|CARBON SINK MANAGEMENT INVESTIGATION(72,2)|CARBON RESERVE(67,20)|MULTIDIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC CARBON SINK(66,11)|FEEDBACK CORRECTION(63,16)|POPULATION COMPETITION FEEDBACK FACTOR(62,10)|MARINE ECOLOGY(56,42)|POPULATION COMPETITION(55,5)|PREDICTION RESULT(54,59)|TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK(53,34)|CORRECTION MODEL(52,10)|INVESTIGATING OCEAN(51,2)|OPTIMIZATION MODEL(47,8)|PRELIMINARY PREDICTION(47,7)|SEA CARBON SINK INVESTIGATION(44,2)|CARBON SINK PREDICTION RESULT(42,56)|COMPETITION FEEDBACK(42,10)|ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS(41,3)|MULTIDIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC FEEDBACK FACTOR(40,2)|DYNAMIC CHANGE(37,18)|CARBON RESERVE DATA(37,15)|DATA ACQUISITION(36,3)|UNDERGROUND BIOMASS(36,3)|INFLUENCE FACTOR(33,6)|TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENT(31,12)|INVESTIGATING MARINE CARBON SINK(31,2)|COMPLEX INTERACTION(31,1)|MULTISCALE DYNAMIC CHANGE(30,2)|INTERPOPULATION COMPETITION DATA(29,3)|CARBON SINK STATIC RESERVE(29,2)|COMPLEX INTERACTION INSIDE(27,1)|STATISTIC(27,1)|ADJUSTMENT COEFFICIENT(26,1)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM NAVIGATION(24,5)|TEMPERATURE DEVIATION(23,13)|POPULATION COMPETITION FEEDBACK(23,3)|MULTI DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC(22,2)|DYNAMIC FEEDBACK(22,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR BASIS(22,1)|PUTTING PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(22,1)|OPTIMIZATION(21,4)|STATISTICAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS(21,3)|SUBSURFACE CARBON RESERVE DATA(21,3)|CARBON CONTENT(20,6)|SEDIMENT CARBON RESERVE DATA(20,5)|UNDERGROUND CARBON RESERVE DATA(20,4)|INTRODUCING DENSITY(20,2)|CARBON SINK OPTIMIZATION(19,3)|SEA(18,4)|CONSTRUCTING DYNAMIC CHANGE(18,2)|TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK CONSTRUCTION(18,2)|CARBON QUANTITY PREDICTION RESULT(18,1)|CARBON SINK PREDICTED(17,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(17,1)|RESPIRATION RATE(16,18)|DENSITY FEEDBACK FACTOR(16,4)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY COEFFICIENT(16,3)|ELEMENT ANALYSIS(15,6)|HISTORICAL DATA(15,3)|MATLABAND(15,3)|CARBON SINK ELEMENT(14,6)|SALINITY(14,4)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM(13,7)|TEMPERATURETHE DEVIATION(13,2)|OBTAINING INITIAL DATA(13,1)|CARBON SINK FACTOR(12,3)|INITIAL ACQUISITION DATA(12,3)|AMBIENT TEMPERATURE(11,3)|NATURAL LOGARITHM(11,3)|NET CHANGE(11,3)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN(10,4)|ABOVEGROUND CARBON RESERVE DATA(10,3)|COMPREHENSIVE INFLUENCE FUNCTION(10,3)|DENSITY DATA(10,3)|DENSITY MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VALUE(10,3)|INFLUENCING FACTOR(10,3)|PRODUCT OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE(9,3)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(8,2)|CARBON RESERVE DECREMENT(8,1)|ISDEPOSIT CARBON RESERVE(8,1)|METEOROLOGICAL DATABASE(8,1)|BREATHING RATE(7,3)|DENSITY APPROACHESIN(7,1)|INVESTIGATION REPORT(7,1)|MAXIMUM BIOLOGICAL DENSITYCALCULATING(7,1)|NUTRIENT UTILIZATION(7,1)|RESPIRATION CONSUMPTION(7,1)|SEAWEED BED(7,1)|SHELLFISH CULTURE(7,1)|SPECIES COMPETITION(7,1)|SURVEY REPORT(7,1)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY(6,7)|RESPIRATORY RATE(6,5)|CARBON SINK CHANGE DATA(6,3)|ECOLOGY(6,3)|PREDICTED TIME(6,3)|TEMPERATURESUBSTITUTING(6,2)|TEMPERATURE DATA(5,5)|OPTIMIZATION OUTPUT UNIT(5,4)|MATERIAL CURRENT BIOLOGICAL DENSITY(5,3)|ADJUSTMENT FACTOR(5,2)|OCEAN CARBON SINK DATA(5,2)|FOLLOW UP(5,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK TREND(5,1)|PREDICTION ACCURACY(5,1)|DEVIATIONTHE TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK MODEL(4,1)| | (CN119151566)|1. The marine carbon sink data investigation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:| S100, acquiring initial data in marine carbon sink ecology, and analyzing carbon sink elements based on the initial data to determine carbon reserves and influence factors; | s200, constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology, and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result; | s300, constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the carbon quantity prediction result obtained in the S200; | S400, based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in the S300, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism, and constructing a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result; | initial data in ocean carbon sink ecology is obtained, carbon sink element analysis is carried out based on the initial data, and carbon reserves and influence factors are determined, specifically comprising the following steps: | S101, initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology comprises overground carbon reserve data, underground carbon reserve data and sediment carbon reserve data; | s102, analyzing carbon sink elements, wherein the analysis specifically comprises the following steps: | and (3) analyzing the carbon reserves on the ground, and calculating the carbon reserves of the overground part in the marine ecology: |Cabove=Babove·fc| Wherein B above is above-ground biomass, f c is carbon content coefficient, and CD above is above-ground carbon reserve data; | analyzing the underground carbon reserves, and calculating the carbon reserves of underground parts in marine ecology: |Cbelow=Bbelow·fc| Wherein B below is underground biomass, f c is carbon content coefficient, and C below is underground carbon reserve data; | sediment carbon reserves analysis, calculating the carbon reserves of sediment in marine ecology: |Csediment=ρsediment·dsediment·foc| Where ρ sediment is the deposit density, d sediment is the deposit depth, f oc is the deposit organic carbon content, and C sediment represents deposit carbon reserves data; | s103, determining an influence factor of the carbon reserves by using a statistical regression analysis processing method based on the acquired initial data and the analysis result of the carbon sink factors; | Based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology, a dynamic change model is constructed, and an initial carbon sink prediction result is calculated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: | S201, before a dynamic change model is constructed, calculating to obtain the respiration rate in the marine ecology and the primary productivity in the marine ecology; | the respiration rate in marine ecology is calculated, specifically: |Reco(T,S,O)=β·h(T)·k(S,O)| Wherein β represents a respiration rate coefficient, h (T) represents an influence function of temperature on respiration rate, k (S, O) represents a comprehensive influence function of salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration, and R eco (T, S, O) represents respiration rate in marine ecology; | Calculating the primary productivity in marine ecology, specifically: |Pg(T,N)=α·f(T)·g(N)| Wherein P g (T, N) represents the primary productivity in marine ecology, alpha represents the primary productivity coefficient, f (T) represents the temperature influence function, and g (N) represents the influence function of the nutrient concentration; | S202, inputting primary productivity in marine ecology and respiratory rate in marine ecology to construct a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology in S100, wherein the dynamic change model specifically comprises the following steps: | Wherein, C t is an initial carbon sink prediction result, C 0 is an initial carbon reserve, P g (T, N) is a primary productivity in marine ecology, R eco (T, S, O) is a respiration rate in marine ecology, and T is a prediction time step; | S203, calculating carbon sink change in each time step based on the dynamic change model obtained in the S202, and accumulating the result to an initial carbon reserve to obtain an initial carbon sink prediction result of the carbon sink; | Calculating the carbon sink change in each time step based on the dynamic change model obtained in the step S202, and accumulating the result to the initial carbon reserves to obtain a preliminary carbon sink prediction result, wherein the preliminary carbon sink prediction result is specifically as follows: |Ct=Ct-Δt+(Pg(T,N)-Reco(T,S,O))·Δt| Where C t represents the initial carbon sink prediction result, C t-Δt represents the carbon sink at the previous time step, (P g(T,N)-Reco (T, S, O)) represents the net change in carbon reserves for a time step of Δt, Δt representing the time step; | constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the carbon sink quantity prediction result obtained in the step S200, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: | s301, acquiring current temperature data, setting an optimal temperature, and calculating a temperature deviation value, wherein the optimal temperature is determined based on an ecological type and historical data; | Calculating a temperature deviation value, and calculating the deviation between the current temperature T and the optimal temperature T opt, wherein the deviation is specifically as follows: |ΔT=T-Topt| Wherein T opt represents the optimal temperature, T represents the current temperature, and DeltaT represents the temperature deviation; | S302, constructing a temperature feedback model, which specifically comprises the following steps: | wherein, C feedback (T) represents a corrected carbon sink prediction result, C t represents an initial carbon sink prediction result, T represents an ambient temperature at a current time step, T opt represents an optimal temperature, and gamma represents a temperature sensitivity coefficient; | S303, feedback correction, namely correcting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in S200 based on the temperature feedback model obtained in S302, and substituting the temperature deviation delta T into the temperature feedback model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: | Wherein C feedback (T) represents a corrected carbon sink prediction result, C t represents an initial carbon sink prediction result, gamma represents a temperature sensitivity coefficient, e represents a base of natural logarithm, and DeltaT represents a temperature deviation; | s304, obtaining a corrected carbon sink prediction result based on S303. |2. The marine carbon sink data investigation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensitivity coefficient is determined by performing regression analysis on initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology obtained in S100 through fitnlm functions in MATLAB, fitting carbon sink change data at different temperatures, and finally determining the temperature sensitivity coefficient.|3. The marine carbon sink data investigation method according to claim 2, wherein based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in S300, a biological density and competition feedback mechanism is introduced, a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model is constructed, and a final optimized carbon sink prediction result is obtained, specifically comprising:| S401, acquiring biological density data, and calculating a biological density feedback factor, wherein the biological density feedback factor specifically comprises the following steps: | Wherein ρ current represents the current biological density, ρ max represents the maximum allowable value of the biological density, and α represents the adjustment coefficient; | s402, acquiring inter-population competition data, and calculating a population competition feedback factor, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: | Wherein C species1、Cspecies2,..carbon reserves expressed as different biological populations, F competition, a population competition feedback factor; | S403, based on the carbon sink predicted quantity obtained in the S300 after temperature feedback correction, inputting population competition feedback factors and biological density feedback factors to construct a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model, and outputting a final carbon sink predicted result based on the model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: |Coptimized=Cfeedback(T)·Fdensuty·Fcompetition| Wherein C feedback (T) represents the predicted carbon sink quantity after temperature feedback correction, F density represents the biological density feedback factor, F competition represents the population competition feedback factor, and C optimized represents the final predicted carbon sink result. |4. A marine carbon sink data investigation system employing a marine carbon sink data investigation method as claimed in any of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:| the analysis and determination unit is used for acquiring initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology, analyzing carbon sink elements based on the initial data, and determining carbon reserves and influence factors; | the preliminary prediction unit is used for constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result; | The feedback correction unit is used for constructing a temperature feedback model correction model and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the obtained carbon sink quantity prediction result; | and the optimization output unit is used for introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, and carrying out multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result. | (CN119151566)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon sink management investigation, in particular to a marine carbon sink data investigation method and system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Marine carbon sequestration, also known as blue carbon, is a process, activity and mechanism that utilizes marine activity and marine organisms to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and fix and store it in the marine ecosystem. The ocean has rich carbon sink resources such as salt marsh, seaweed beds, algae and shellfish culture, is the largest active carbon reservoir, and researches show that about 1/3 of carbon dioxide emitted by human beings every year is absorbed by the ocean, so that the ocean has huge carbon fixation potential.|[0003] The current ocean carbon sink data investigation method is mainly based on a simple carbon reserve statistics and temperature feedback model, however, the methods generally only consider initial data of the carbon reserve and basic environmental factors such as the influence of temperature on the carbon sink, and cannot fully consider dynamic feedback mechanisms such as biological density, population competition and the like, so that complex interaction inside an ocean ecological system is difficult to accurately reflect.|[0004] In addition, the existing method has single time step setting of carbon sink change, and cannot adapt to multi-dimensional and multi-scale dynamic changes in a marine ecological system, so that the accuracy and the applicability of a prediction result are low.|[0005] Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a method and a system for investigating ocean carbon sink data.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The invention provides a marine carbon sink data investigation method and a marine carbon sink data investigation system, which aim to solve the technical problem that complex interaction inside a marine ecological system is difficult to accurately reflect in the related art, and further avoid the actual problem that the marine ecological system cannot adapt to multi-dimensional and multi-scale dynamic changes, so that the follow-up problem that the accuracy and the applicability of a prediction result are low is avoided.|[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:|[0008] A marine carbon sink data investigation method comprises the following steps: |[0009] Step S100, initial data in ocean carbon sink ecology is obtained, carbon sink element analysis is carried out based on the initial data, and carbon reserves and influence factors are determined; |[0010] step S200, constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology, and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result; |[0011] Step S300, a temperature feedback model correction model is built, and temperature feedback correction is carried out on the carbon sink quantity prediction result obtained in the step S200; |[0012] And step S400, based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in the step S300, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism, and constructing a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result. |[0013] According to the method, initial data in marine carbon sink ecology is obtained, carbon sink element analysis is carried out based on the initial data, carbon reserves and influence factors are determined, a dynamic change model is built based on the initial data and the influence factors in the marine carbon sink ecology, an initial carbon sink prediction result is calculated, a temperature feedback model correction model is built, temperature feedback correction is carried out on the obtained carbon sink quantity prediction result, a biological density and competition feedback mechanism are introduced based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model is built, and a final optimized carbon sink prediction result is obtained. By introducing a dynamic change model, a temperature feedback model and a biological density and population competition feedback mechanism, the accuracy and reliability of carbon sink prediction are obviously improved, compared with the prior art, the application not only considers the static reserves of carbon sinks in a marine ecological system, but also synthesizes multidimensional dynamic feedback factors, in addition, the application can reflect the dynamic change trend of ocean carbon sink more accurately by optimizing the output mechanism, and effectively solves the problems of inaccurate prediction result and poor adaptability in the prior art.|[0014] As a preferred scheme of the invention, initial data in marine carbon sink ecology is obtained, carbon sink element analysis is carried out based on the initial data, and carbon reserves and influence factors are determined, specifically comprising the following steps:|[0015] the initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology in step S101 includes above-ground carbon reserve data, underground carbon reserve data, and sediment carbon reserve data. |[0016] Step S102, analyzing carbon sink elements, specifically:|[0017] and (3) analyzing the carbon reserves on the ground, and calculating the carbon reserves of the overground part in the marine ecology: |[0018] ;|[0019] In the formula, In order to obtain the above-ground biomass,Is the coefficient of the carbon content of the alloy,Is above-ground carbon reserve data.|[0020] Analyzing the underground carbon reserves, and calculating the carbon reserves of underground parts in marine ecology:|[0021] ;|[0022] In the formula, In the case of an underground biomass,Is the coefficient of the carbon content of the alloy,Is subsurface carbon reserve data.|[0023] Sediment carbon reserves analysis, calculating the carbon reserves of sediment in marine ecology:|[0024] ;|[0025] In the formula, In order to achieve a density of the deposit,In order for the depth of the deposit to be within,In order to deposit the organic carbon content of the material,Representing sediment carbon reserve data.|[0026] And step S103, determining an influence factor of the carbon reserves by using a statistical regression analysis processing method based on the acquired initial data and the analysis result of the carbon sink factors.|[0027] As a preferred scheme of the invention, a dynamic change model is constructed based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology, and an initial carbon sink prediction result is calculated, which concretely comprises the following steps:|[0028] step S201, before a dynamic change model is constructed, the respiration rate in the marine ecology and the primary productivity in the marine ecology are obtained through calculation. |[0029] Wherein the respiration rate in the marine ecology represents the respiration consumption process of the marine carbon sink ecology, and the respiration rate in the marine ecology varies with the variation of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration.|[0030] The respiration rate in marine ecology is calculated, specifically:|[0031] ;|[0032] In the formula, Representing the coefficient of the breathing rate,Representing the function of the effect of temperature on the respiration rate,A comprehensive influence function representing salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration,Representing the respiration rate in marine ecology.|[0033] Wherein primary productivity in marine ecology means increased carbon reserves of marine carbon sink ecology through photosynthesis and nutrient utilization.|[0034] Calculating the primary productivity in marine ecology, specifically:|[0035] ;|[0036] In the formula, Representing the primary productivity in marine ecology,Representing the primary productivity coefficient of the product,Representing a function of the influence of temperature,Representing the influence function of the nutrient concentration.|[0037] Step S202, based on the initial data and the influencing factors in the marine carbon sink ecology in step S100, inputting the primary productivity in the marine ecology and the respiratory rate in the marine ecology to construct a dynamic change model, wherein the dynamic change model specifically comprises the following steps:|[0038] ;|[0039] In the formula, The result of the initial carbon sink prediction is,Indicating the initial carbon reserve amount of the fuel,Primary productivity in marine ecology,Representing respiration rate in marine ecology, t representing a predicted time step;|[0040] and step 203, calculating the carbon sink change in each time step based on the dynamic change model obtained in the step 202, and accumulating the result to the initial carbon reserves to obtain the initial carbon sink prediction result of the carbon sink. |[0041] As a preferred scheme of the invention, the carbon sink change in each time step is calculated based on the dynamic change model obtained in the step S202, and the result is accumulated to an initial carbon reserve to obtain a preliminary carbon sink prediction result, which is specifically as follows:|[0042] ;|[0043] In the formula, The predicted result of the initial carbon sink is indicated,Representing the carbon sink at the last time step,Representing a time step asA net change in the amount of carbon reserves of (c),Representing a time step.|[0044] Wherein, in the dynamic change model, the time step is set based on the studied time range and precisionThe event step of the dynamic change model is set to be a time step of seven days, and the increment and decrement of the carbon reserves are calculated and accumulated.|[0045] As a preferred scheme of the invention, a temperature feedback model correction model is constructed, and the temperature feedback correction is performed on the carbon sink quantity prediction result obtained in the step S200, specifically comprising:|[0046] Step S301, current temperature data are acquired, optimal temperature is set, temperature deviation values are calculated, and the optimal temperature is determined based on the ecological type and the historical data. |[0047] The optimal temperature is an optimal temperature value in marine carbon sink ecology, and at the optimal temperature, the primary productivity and the respiratory rate are in the optimal state, and the carbon sink capacity reaches the maximum value.|[0048] Calculating a temperature deviation value, and calculating the current temperature T and the optimal temperatureThe deviation between the two is specifically:|[0049] ;|[0050] In the formula, Represents the optimal temperature, T represents the current temperature,Indicating temperature deviation.|[0051] Wherein if itSmaller, the temperature is close to the optimal value, the carbon sink capacity is close to the highest value, ifIf the temperature is large, the temperature deviates from the optimum value, and the carbon sink capacity is lowered.|[0052] Step S302, a temperature feedback model is built, specifically:|[0053] ;|[0054] In the formula, The corrected carbon sink prediction result is shown,Representing the initial carbon sink prediction result, T represents the ambient temperature at the current time step,Indicating the optimum temperature of the product,Representing the temperature sensitivity coefficient.|[0055] Step S303, feedback correction, namely correcting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in the step S200 based on the temperature feedback model obtained in the step S302, and deviating the temperatureSubstituting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in the step S200 into a temperature feedback model, specifically:|[0056] ;|[0057] In the formula, The corrected carbon sink prediction result is represented,The predicted result of the initial carbon sink is indicated,Representing the temperature sensitivity coefficient, e representing the base of the natural logarithm,Indicating temperature deviation.|[0058] Step S304, obtaining a corrected carbon sink prediction result based on step S303.|[0059] Wherein when the temperature approaches the optimal temperatureWhen correcting the resultNear the initial prediction resultIf the temperature deviates from the optimal temperature, the correction result is smaller thanReflecting the negative impact of temperature excursions on carbon sink capacity.|[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensitivity coefficient is determined by the MATLABAnd (3) carrying out regression analysis on the initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology obtained in the step S100 by the function, fitting carbon sink change data at different temperatures, and finally determining a temperature sensitivity coefficient.|[0061] As a preferred scheme of the invention, based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in the step S300, a biological density and a competition feedback mechanism are introduced, a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model is constructed, and a final optimized carbon sink prediction result is obtained, which comprises the following steps:|[0062] Step S401, acquiring biological density data, and calculating a biological density feedback factor, wherein the biological density feedback factor specifically comprises the following steps: |[0063] ;|[0064] In the formula, Representing the current biological density of the material,Represents the maximum allowable value of the biological density,Representing the adjustment factor.|[0065] Wherein when the biological density approachesIn the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,Approaching 0 indicates a decrease in carbon sink capacity.|[0066] Step S402, acquiring inter-population competition data, and calculating a population competition feedback factor, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0067] ;|[0068] In the formula, 、、Represented as carbon reserves of different biological populations,Representing the population competition feedback factor.|[0069] Where the competition of a species is strong and dominant, the carbon sink capacity is inclined towards the species, but the overall carbon sink capacity may be affected by a decrease in biodiversity, thus introducing the feedback mechanism.|[0070] Step S403, based on the carbon sink predicted quantity after temperature feedback correction obtained in step S300, inputting population competition feedback factors and biological density feedback factors to construct a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model, and outputting a final carbon sink predicted result based on the model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0071] ;|[0072] In the formula, Represents the predicted amount of carbon sink after temperature feedback correction,Representing the feedback factor of the biological density,Representing the feedback factor of the population competition,Indicating the final carbon sink prediction result.|[0073] The application also provides a marine carbon sink data investigation system, which comprises the following steps:|[0074] the analysis and determination unit is used for acquiring initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology, analyzing carbon sink elements based on the initial data, and determining carbon reserves and influence factors; |[0075] the preliminary prediction unit is used for constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result; |[0076] The feedback correction unit is used for constructing a temperature feedback model correction model and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the obtained carbon sink quantity prediction result; |[0077] and the optimization output unit is used for introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, and carrying out multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result. |[0078] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0079] 1. According to the method, the initial data of the ocean carbon sink ecological system are collected, the dynamic analysis and the environment correction model are combined, the change condition of the ocean carbon sink can be accurately calculated, and particularly, external factors influencing the carbon sink are included in the analysis through multi-formula combination and optimization, so that the prediction accuracy is further improved. |[0080] 2. According to the invention, not only is the carbon sink data acquired and predicted, but also the prediction result of the carbon sink is further optimized by introducing an internal feedback mechanism, and the ecological feedback effect is allowed to be added in the data analysis by the internal feedback mechanism, so that the dynamic change of the actual ocean carbon sink system is simulated.|[0081] 3. By applying the method in different marine carbon sink environments, carbon sink data in different ecological environments can be acquired and analyzed, and the method has additional malleability and can adapt to different ecological environments.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0082] Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for investigating marine carbon sink data according to an embodiment of the present application.|[0083] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a marine carbon sink data investigation system according to an embodiment of the present application.|[0084] Reference numeral 230, an analysis and determination unit, 231, a preliminary prediction unit, 232, a feedback correction unit, 233, and an optimization output unit.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0085] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for investigating ocean carbon sink data according to an embodiment of the application.|[0086] In this embodiment, a marine carbon sink data investigation method may include step S100, step S200, step S300, and step S400.|[0087] And step S100, acquiring initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology, and analyzing carbon sink elements based on the initial data to determine carbon reserves and influence factors.|[0088] The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0089] the initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology in step S101 includes above-ground carbon reserve data, underground carbon reserve data, and sediment carbon reserve data. |[0090] Step S102, analyzing carbon sink elements, specifically:|[0091] and (3) analyzing the carbon reserves on the ground, and calculating the carbon reserves of the overground part in the marine ecology: |[0092] ;|[0093] In the formula, In order to obtain the above-ground biomass,Is the coefficient of the carbon content of the alloy,Is above-ground carbon reserve data.|[0094] Analyzing the underground carbon reserves, and calculating the carbon reserves of underground parts in marine ecology:|[0095] ;|[0096] In the formula, In the case of an underground biomass,Is the coefficient of the carbon content of the alloy,Is subsurface carbon reserve data.|[0097] Sediment carbon reserves analysis, calculating the carbon reserves of sediment in marine ecology:|[0098] ;|[0099] In the formula, In order to achieve a density of the deposit,In order for the depth of the deposit to be within,In order to deposit the organic carbon content of the material,Representing sediment carbon reserve data.|[0100] And step S103, determining an influence factor of the carbon reserves by using a statistical regression analysis processing method based on the acquired initial data and the analysis result of the carbon sink factors.|[0101] And step 200, constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in the ocean carbon sink ecology, and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result.|[0102] The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0103] step S201, before a dynamic change model is constructed, the respiration rate in the marine ecology and the primary productivity in the marine ecology are obtained through calculation. |[0104] The respiration rate in marine ecology is calculated, specifically:|[0105] ;|[0106] In the formula, Representing the coefficient of the breathing rate,Representing the function of the effect of temperature on the respiration rate,A comprehensive influence function representing salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration,Representing the respiration rate in marine ecology.|[0107] Calculating the primary productivity in marine ecology, specifically:|[0108] ;|[0109] In the formula, Representing the primary productivity in marine ecology,Representing the primary productivity coefficient of the product,Representing a function of the influence of temperature,Representing the influence function of the nutrient concentration.|[0110] Step S202, based on the initial data and the influencing factors in the marine carbon sink ecology in step S100, inputting the primary productivity in the marine ecology and the respiratory rate in the marine ecology to construct a dynamic change model, wherein the dynamic change model specifically comprises the following steps:|[0111] ;|[0112] In the formula, The result of the initial carbon sink prediction is,Indicating the initial carbon reserve amount of the fuel,Primary productivity in marine ecology,Representing the respiration rate in marine ecology, t represents the predicted time step.|[0113] Step S203, calculating the carbon sink change in each time step based on the dynamic change model obtained in step S202, and accumulating the result to an initial carbon reserve to obtain an initial carbon sink prediction result of the carbon sink, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0114] ;|[0115] In the formula, The predicted result of the initial carbon sink is indicated,Representing the carbon sink at the last time step,Representing a time step asA net change in the amount of carbon reserves of (c),Representing a time step.|[0116] And step S300, constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the carbon sink quantity prediction result obtained in the step S200.|[0117] The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0118] Step S301, current temperature data are acquired, optimal temperature is set, temperature deviation values are calculated, and the optimal temperature is determined based on the ecological type and the historical data. |[0119] Calculating a temperature deviation value, and calculating the current temperature T and the optimal temperatureThe deviation between the two is specifically:|[0120] ;|[0121] In the formula, Represents the optimal temperature, T represents the current temperature,Indicating temperature deviation.|[0122] Step S302, a temperature feedback model is built, specifically:|[0123] ;|[0124] In the formula, The corrected carbon sink prediction result is shown,Representing the initial carbon sink prediction result, T represents the ambient temperature at the current time step,Indicating the optimum temperature of the product,Representing the temperature sensitivity coefficient.|[0125] Step S303, feedback correction, namely correcting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in the step S200 based on the temperature feedback model obtained in the step S302, and deviating the temperatureSubstituting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in the step S200 into a temperature feedback model, specifically:|[0126] ;|[0127] In the formula, The corrected carbon sink prediction result is represented,The predicted result of the initial carbon sink is indicated,Representing the temperature sensitivity coefficient, e representing the base of the natural logarithm,Indicating temperature deviation.|[0128] Step S304, obtaining a corrected carbon sink prediction result based on step S303.|[0129] Wherein, the temperature sensitivity coefficient is calculated by MATLABAnd (3) carrying out regression analysis on the initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology obtained in the step S100 by the function, fitting carbon sink change data at different temperatures, and finally determining a temperature sensitivity coefficient.|[0130] And step S400, based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in the step S300, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism, and constructing a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result.|[0131] The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0132] Step S401, acquiring biological density data, and calculating a biological density feedback factor, wherein the biological density feedback factor specifically comprises the following steps: |[0133] ;|[0134] In the formula, Representing the current biological density of the material,Represents the maximum allowable value of the biological density,Representing the adjustment factor.|[0135] Step S402, acquiring inter-population competition data, and calculating a population competition feedback factor, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0136] ;|[0137] In the formula, 、、Represented as carbon reserves of different biological populations,Representing the population competition feedback factor.|[0138] Step S403, based on the carbon sink predicted quantity after temperature feedback correction obtained in step S300, inputting population competition feedback factors and biological density feedback factors to construct a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model, and outputting a final carbon sink predicted result based on the model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0139] ;|[0140] In the formula, Represents the predicted amount of carbon sink after temperature feedback correction,Representing the feedback factor of the biological density,Representing the feedback factor of the population competition,Indicating the final carbon sink prediction result.|[0141] The following substitutes a set of experimental data for illustrating a specific flow of the method, among others.|[0142] Firstly, initial data of ocean carbon sink ecology is obtained, wherein an initial data set specifically comprises:|[0143] the above-ground carbon reserve data is The underground carbon reserve data isDeposit carbon reserves data isDepth of deposit 50cm, organic carbon content2%.|[0144] Substituting data for calculation, specifically:|[0145] the above-ground carbon reserves are: |[0146] ;|[0147] the underground carbon reserves are: |[0148] ;|[0149] the deposit carbon reserves are: |[0150] ;|[0151] A dynamic change model is constructed, an initial carbon sink prediction result is calculated, and primary productivity and respiratory rate are set as follows: |[0152] Primary productivity 。|[0153] Respiration rate。|[0154] The initial carbon sink prediction result of the dynamic change model is:|[0155] ;|[0156] Constructing a temperature feedback model for correction, and setting the current temperature as The optimal temperature isTemperature deviationThe temperature feedback model is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:|[0157] ;|[0158] In the formula, 。|[0159] ;|[0160] Based on the correction result, a biological density and population competition feedback mechanism is introduced to optimize carbon sink prediction, specifically:|[0161] let the current biological density be Maximum biological densityCalculating a biological density feedback factor:|[0162] ;|[0163] and obtaining the biological density feedback factor value. |[0164] Let there currently be two main populations, the carbon reserves being:|[0165] And ;|[0166] And (3) calculating a population competition feedback factor:|[0167] ;|[0168] And obtaining the population competition feedback factor value. |[0169] Substituting the population competition feedback factor value and the biological density feedback factor value into a formula, and finally optimizing the carbon sink prediction result to be:|[0170] ;|[0171] And obtaining the value of the carbon sink predicted result after the prediction area is optimized, comparing the obtained value with the value obtained by actual calculation, and generating a survey report based on the comparison result to realize the survey processing of the carbon sink data. |[0172] Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a marine carbon sink data investigation system according to an embodiment of the present application.|[0173] In this embodiment, a marine carbon sink data investigation system may include:|[0174] the analysis determining unit 230 is configured to obtain initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology, and perform carbon sink element analysis based on the initial data, to determine the carbon reserves and the influencing factors. |[0175] The preliminary prediction unit 231 is configured to construct a dynamic change model based on the initial data and the influence factors in the marine carbon sink ecology, and calculate an initial carbon sink prediction result.|[0176] And the feedback correction unit 232 builds a temperature feedback model correction model and performs temperature feedback correction on the obtained carbon quantity predicted result.|[0177] And the optimization output unit 233 is configured to introduce a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, and perform multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result.|[0178] The system comprises a sensor network, a preliminary prediction unit, a system, a feedback correction unit, a temperature feedback model and a correction prediction result, wherein the preliminary data of marine carbon sink ecology is obtained through the analysis determination unit, carbon sink element analysis is carried out, carbon reserves and influence factors are determined, the unit is connected with the database through the sensor network, basic data of overground, underground and sediment carbon reserves are collected, a dynamic change model is built based on the preliminary prediction unit, the preliminary carbon sink prediction result is calculated, the system operates based on the set model, the carbon sink change amount of each time step is automatically calculated, after the preliminary carbon sink prediction result is obtained, the feedback correction unit carries out feedback correction according to actual environmental conditions, the temperature feedback model is built, the prediction result is corrected, the feedback correction unit obtains temperature data from an external meteorological database, the temperature data is compared with preset optimal temperature, the carbon sink prediction result is corrected, finally, a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model is built based on the corrected output unit, parameters such as biological density and population competition are automatically adjusted, the final carbon sink prediction result is output, and investigation report is generated based on the obtained values.|[0179] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. | (CN119151566)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon sink management investigation, in particular to a marine carbon sink data investigation method and system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Marine carbon sequestration, also known as blue carbon, is a process, activity and mechanism that utilizes marine activity and marine organisms to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and fix and store it in the marine ecosystem. The ocean has rich carbon sink resources such as salt marsh, seaweed beds, algae and shellfish culture, is the largest active carbon reservoir, and researches show that about 1/3 of carbon dioxide emitted by human beings every year is absorbed by the ocean, so that the ocean has huge carbon fixation potential.|[0003] The current ocean carbon sink data investigation method is mainly based on a simple carbon reserve statistics and temperature feedback model, however, the methods generally only consider initial data of the carbon reserve and basic environmental factors such as the influence of temperature on the carbon sink, and cannot fully consider dynamic feedback mechanisms such as biological density, population competition and the like, so that complex interaction inside an ocean ecological system is difficult to accurately reflect.|[0004] In addition, the existing method has single time step setting of carbon sink change, and cannot adapt to multi-dimensional and multi-scale dynamic changes in a marine ecological system, so that the accuracy and the applicability of a prediction result are low.|[0005] Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a method and a system for investigating ocean carbon sink data.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The invention provides a marine carbon sink data investigation method and a marine carbon sink data investigation system, which aim to solve the technical problem that complex interaction inside a marine ecological system is difficult to accurately reflect in the related art, and further avoid the actual problem that the marine ecological system cannot adapt to multi-dimensional and multi-scale dynamic changes, so that the follow-up problem that the accuracy and the applicability of a prediction result are low is avoided.|[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:|[0008] A marine carbon sink data investigation method comprises the following steps: |[0009] Step S100, initial data in ocean carbon sink ecology is obtained, carbon sink element analysis is carried out based on the initial data, and carbon reserves and influence factors are determined; |[0010] step S200, constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology, and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result; |[0011] Step S300, a temperature feedback model correction model is built, and temperature feedback correction is carried out on the carbon sink quantity prediction result obtained in the step S200; |[0012] And step S400, based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in the step S300, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism, and constructing a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result. |[0013] According to the method, initial data in marine carbon sink ecology is obtained, carbon sink element analysis is carried out based on the initial data, carbon reserves and influence factors are determined, a dynamic change model is built based on the initial data and the influence factors in the marine carbon sink ecology, an initial carbon sink prediction result is calculated, a temperature feedback model correction model is built, temperature feedback correction is carried out on the obtained carbon sink quantity prediction result, a biological density and competition feedback mechanism are introduced based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model is built, and a final optimized carbon sink prediction result is obtained. By introducing a dynamic change model, a temperature feedback model and a biological density and population competition feedback mechanism, the accuracy and reliability of carbon sink prediction are obviously improved, compared with the prior art, the application not only considers the static reserves of carbon sinks in a marine ecological system, but also synthesizes multidimensional dynamic feedback factors, in addition, the application can reflect the dynamic change trend of ocean carbon sink more accurately by optimizing the output mechanism, and effectively solves the problems of inaccurate prediction result and poor adaptability in the prior art.|[0014] As a preferred scheme of the invention, initial data in marine carbon sink ecology is obtained, carbon sink element analysis is carried out based on the initial data, and carbon reserves and influence factors are determined, specifically comprising the following steps:|[0015] the initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology in step S101 includes above-ground carbon reserve data, underground carbon reserve data, and sediment carbon reserve data. |[0016] Step S102, analyzing carbon sink elements, specifically:|[0017] and (3) analyzing the carbon reserves on the ground, and calculating the carbon reserves of the overground part in the marine ecology: |[0018] ;|[0019] In the formula, In order to obtain the above-ground biomass,Is the coefficient of the carbon content of the alloy,Is above-ground carbon reserve data.|[0020] Analyzing the underground carbon reserves, and calculating the carbon reserves of underground parts in marine ecology:|[0021] ;|[0022] In the formula, In the case of an underground biomass,Is the coefficient of the carbon content of the alloy,Is subsurface carbon reserve data.|[0023] Sediment carbon reserves analysis, calculating the carbon reserves of sediment in marine ecology:|[0024] ;|[0025] In the formula, In order to achieve a density of the deposit,In order for the depth of the deposit to be within,In order to deposit the organic carbon content of the material,Representing sediment carbon reserve data.|[0026] And step S103, determining an influence factor of the carbon reserves by using a statistical regression analysis processing method based on the acquired initial data and the analysis result of the carbon sink factors.|[0027] As a preferred scheme of the invention, a dynamic change model is constructed based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology, and an initial carbon sink prediction result is calculated, which concretely comprises the following steps:|[0028] step S201, before a dynamic change model is constructed, the respiration rate in the marine ecology and the primary productivity in the marine ecology are obtained through calculation. |[0029] Wherein the respiration rate in the marine ecology represents the respiration consumption process of the marine carbon sink ecology, and the respiration rate in the marine ecology varies with the variation of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration.|[0030] The respiration rate in marine ecology is calculated, specifically:|[0031] ;|[0032] In the formula, Representing the coefficient of the breathing rate,Representing the function of the effect of temperature on the respiration rate,A comprehensive influence function representing salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration,Representing the respiration rate in marine ecology.|[0033] Wherein primary productivity in marine ecology means increased carbon reserves of marine carbon sink ecology through photosynthesis and nutrient utilization.|[0034] Calculating the primary productivity in marine ecology, specifically:|[0035] ;|[0036] In the formula, Representing the primary productivity in marine ecology,Representing the primary productivity coefficient of the product,Representing a function of the influence of temperature,Representing the influence function of the nutrient concentration.|[0037] Step S202, based on the initial data and the influencing factors in the marine carbon sink ecology in step S100, inputting the primary productivity in the marine ecology and the respiratory rate in the marine ecology to construct a dynamic change model, wherein the dynamic change model specifically comprises the following steps:|[0038] ;|[0039] In the formula, The result of the initial carbon sink prediction is,Indicating the initial carbon reserve amount of the fuel,Primary productivity in marine ecology,Representing respiration rate in marine ecology, t representing a predicted time step;|[0040] and step 203, calculating the carbon sink change in each time step based on the dynamic change model obtained in the step 202, and accumulating the result to the initial carbon reserves to obtain the initial carbon sink prediction result of the carbon sink. |[0041] As a preferred scheme of the invention, the carbon sink change in each time step is calculated based on the dynamic change model obtained in the step S202, and the result is accumulated to an initial carbon reserve to obtain a preliminary carbon sink prediction result, which is specifically as follows:|[0042] ;|[0043] In the formula, The predicted result of the initial carbon sink is indicated,Representing the carbon sink at the last time step,Representing a time step asA net change in the amount of carbon reserves of (c),Representing a time step.|[0044] Wherein, in the dynamic change model, the time step is set based on the studied time range and precisionThe event step of the dynamic change model is set to be a time step of seven days, and the increment and decrement of the carbon reserves are calculated and accumulated.|[0045] As a preferred scheme of the invention, a temperature feedback model correction model is constructed, and the temperature feedback correction is performed on the carbon sink quantity prediction result obtained in the step S200, specifically comprising:|[0046] Step S301, current temperature data are acquired, optimal temperature is set, temperature deviation values are calculated, and the optimal temperature is determined based on the ecological type and the historical data. |[0047] The optimal temperature is an optimal temperature value in marine carbon sink ecology, and at the optimal temperature, the primary productivity and the respiratory rate are in the optimal state, and the carbon sink capacity reaches the maximum value.|[0048] Calculating a temperature deviation value, and calculating the current temperature T and the optimal temperatureThe deviation between the two is specifically:|[0049] ;|[0050] In the formula, Represents the optimal temperature, T represents the current temperature,Indicating temperature deviation.|[0051] Wherein if itSmaller, the temperature is close to the optimal value, the carbon sink capacity is close to the highest value, ifIf the temperature is large, the temperature deviates from the optimum value, and the carbon sink capacity is lowered.|[0052] Step S302, a temperature feedback model is built, specifically:|[0053] ;|[0054] In the formula, The corrected carbon sink prediction result is shown,Representing the initial carbon sink prediction result, T represents the ambient temperature at the current time step,Indicating the optimum temperature of the product,Representing the temperature sensitivity coefficient.|[0055] Step S303, feedback correction, namely correcting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in the step S200 based on the temperature feedback model obtained in the step S302, and deviating the temperatureSubstituting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in the step S200 into a temperature feedback model, specifically:|[0056] ;|[0057] In the formula, The corrected carbon sink prediction result is represented,The predicted result of the initial carbon sink is indicated,Representing the temperature sensitivity coefficient, e representing the base of the natural logarithm,Indicating temperature deviation.|[0058] Step S304, obtaining a corrected carbon sink prediction result based on step S303.|[0059] Wherein when the temperature approaches the optimal temperatureWhen correcting the resultNear the initial prediction resultIf the temperature deviates from the optimal temperature, the correction result is smaller thanReflecting the negative impact of temperature excursions on carbon sink capacity.|[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensitivity coefficient is determined by the MATLABAnd (3) carrying out regression analysis on the initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology obtained in the step S100 by the function, fitting carbon sink change data at different temperatures, and finally determining a temperature sensitivity coefficient.|[0061] As a preferred scheme of the invention, based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in the step S300, a biological density and a competition feedback mechanism are introduced, a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model is constructed, and a final optimized carbon sink prediction result is obtained, which comprises the following steps:|[0062] Step S401, acquiring biological density data, and calculating a biological density feedback factor, wherein the biological density feedback factor specifically comprises the following steps: |[0063] ;|[0064] In the formula, Representing the current biological density of the material,Represents the maximum allowable value of the biological density,Representing the adjustment factor.|[0065] Wherein when the biological density approachesIn the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,Approaching 0 indicates a decrease in carbon sink capacity.|[0066] Step S402, acquiring inter-population competition data, and calculating a population competition feedback factor, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0067] ;|[0068] In the formula, 、、Represented as carbon reserves of different biological populations,Representing the population competition feedback factor.|[0069] Where the competition of a species is strong and dominant, the carbon sink capacity is inclined towards the species, but the overall carbon sink capacity may be affected by a decrease in biodiversity, thus introducing the feedback mechanism.|[0070] Step S403, based on the carbon sink predicted quantity after temperature feedback correction obtained in step S300, inputting population competition feedback factors and biological density feedback factors to construct a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model, and outputting a final carbon sink predicted result based on the model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0071] ;|[0072] In the formula, Represents the predicted amount of carbon sink after temperature feedback correction,Representing the feedback factor of the biological density,Representing the feedback factor of the population competition,Indicating the final carbon sink prediction result.|[0073] The application also provides a marine carbon sink data investigation system, which comprises the following steps:|[0074] the analysis and determination unit is used for acquiring initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology, analyzing carbon sink elements based on the initial data, and determining carbon reserves and influence factors; |[0075] the preliminary prediction unit is used for constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in marine carbon sink ecology and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result; |[0076] The feedback correction unit is used for constructing a temperature feedback model correction model and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the obtained carbon sink quantity prediction result; |[0077] and the optimization output unit is used for introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, and carrying out multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result. |[0078] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0079] 1. According to the method, the initial data of the ocean carbon sink ecological system are collected, the dynamic analysis and the environment correction model are combined, the change condition of the ocean carbon sink can be accurately calculated, and particularly, external factors influencing the carbon sink are included in the analysis through multi-formula combination and optimization, so that the prediction accuracy is further improved. |[0080] 2. According to the invention, not only is the carbon sink data acquired and predicted, but also the prediction result of the carbon sink is further optimized by introducing an internal feedback mechanism, and the ecological feedback effect is allowed to be added in the data analysis by the internal feedback mechanism, so that the dynamic change of the actual ocean carbon sink system is simulated.|[0081] 3. By applying the method in different marine carbon sink environments, carbon sink data in different ecological environments can be acquired and analyzed, and the method has additional malleability and can adapt to different ecological environments.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0082] Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for investigating marine carbon sink data according to an embodiment of the present application.|[0083] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a marine carbon sink data investigation system according to an embodiment of the present application.|[0084] Reference numeral 230, an analysis and determination unit, 231, a preliminary prediction unit, 232, a feedback correction unit, 233, and an optimization output unit.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0085] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for investigating ocean carbon sink data according to an embodiment of the application.|[0086] In this embodiment, a marine carbon sink data investigation method may include step S100, step S200, step S300, and step S400.|[0087] And step S100, acquiring initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology, and analyzing carbon sink elements based on the initial data to determine carbon reserves and influence factors.|[0088] The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0089] the initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology in step S101 includes above-ground carbon reserve data, underground carbon reserve data, and sediment carbon reserve data. |[0090] Step S102, analyzing carbon sink elements, specifically:|[0091] and (3) analyzing the carbon reserves on the ground, and calculating the carbon reserves of the overground part in the marine ecology: |[0092] ;|[0093] In the formula, In order to obtain the above-ground biomass,Is the coefficient of the carbon content of the alloy,Is above-ground carbon reserve data.|[0094] Analyzing the underground carbon reserves, and calculating the carbon reserves of underground parts in marine ecology:|[0095] ;|[0096] In the formula, In the case of an underground biomass,Is the coefficient of the carbon content of the alloy,Is subsurface carbon reserve data.|[0097] Sediment carbon reserves analysis, calculating the carbon reserves of sediment in marine ecology:|[0098] ;|[0099] In the formula, In order to achieve a density of the deposit,In order for the depth of the deposit to be within,In order to deposit the organic carbon content of the material,Representing sediment carbon reserve data.|[0100] And step S103, determining an influence factor of the carbon reserves by using a statistical regression analysis processing method based on the acquired initial data and the analysis result of the carbon sink factors.|[0101] And step 200, constructing a dynamic change model based on initial data and influence factors in the ocean carbon sink ecology, and calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result.|[0102] The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0103] step S201, before a dynamic change model is constructed, the respiration rate in the marine ecology and the primary productivity in the marine ecology are obtained through calculation. |[0104] The respiration rate in marine ecology is calculated, specifically:|[0105] ;|[0106] In the formula, Representing the coefficient of the breathing rate,Representing the function of the effect of temperature on the respiration rate,A comprehensive influence function representing salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration,Representing the respiration rate in marine ecology.|[0107] Calculating the primary productivity in marine ecology, specifically:|[0108] ;|[0109] In the formula, Representing the primary productivity in marine ecology,Representing the primary productivity coefficient of the product,Representing a function of the influence of temperature,Representing the influence function of the nutrient concentration.|[0110] Step S202, based on the initial data and the influencing factors in the marine carbon sink ecology in step S100, inputting the primary productivity in the marine ecology and the respiratory rate in the marine ecology to construct a dynamic change model, wherein the dynamic change model specifically comprises the following steps:|[0111] ;|[0112] In the formula, The result of the initial carbon sink prediction is,Indicating the initial carbon reserve amount of the fuel,Primary productivity in marine ecology,Representing the respiration rate in marine ecology, t represents the predicted time step.|[0113] Step S203, calculating the carbon sink change in each time step based on the dynamic change model obtained in step S202, and accumulating the result to an initial carbon reserve to obtain an initial carbon sink prediction result of the carbon sink, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0114] ;|[0115] In the formula, The predicted result of the initial carbon sink is indicated,Representing the carbon sink at the last time step,Representing a time step asA net change in the amount of carbon reserves of (c),Representing a time step.|[0116] And step S300, constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, and carrying out temperature feedback correction on the carbon sink quantity prediction result obtained in the step S200.|[0117] The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0118] Step S301, current temperature data are acquired, optimal temperature is set, temperature deviation values are calculated, and the optimal temperature is determined based on the ecological type and the historical data. |[0119] Calculating a temperature deviation value, and calculating the current temperature T and the optimal temperatureThe deviation between the two is specifically:|[0120] ;|[0121] In the formula, Represents the optimal temperature, T represents the current temperature,Indicating temperature deviation.|[0122] Step S302, a temperature feedback model is built, specifically:|[0123] ;|[0124] In the formula, The corrected carbon sink prediction result is shown,Representing the initial carbon sink prediction result, T represents the ambient temperature at the current time step,Indicating the optimum temperature of the product,Representing the temperature sensitivity coefficient.|[0125] Step S303, feedback correction, namely correcting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in the step S200 based on the temperature feedback model obtained in the step S302, and deviating the temperatureSubstituting the initial carbon sink prediction result obtained in the step S200 into a temperature feedback model, specifically:|[0126] ;|[0127] In the formula, The corrected carbon sink prediction result is represented,The predicted result of the initial carbon sink is indicated,Representing the temperature sensitivity coefficient, e representing the base of the natural logarithm,Indicating temperature deviation.|[0128] Step S304, obtaining a corrected carbon sink prediction result based on step S303.|[0129] Wherein, the temperature sensitivity coefficient is calculated by MATLABAnd (3) carrying out regression analysis on the initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology obtained in the step S100 by the function, fitting carbon sink change data at different temperatures, and finally determining a temperature sensitivity coefficient.|[0130] And step S400, based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result in the step S300, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism, and constructing a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result.|[0131] The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0132] Step S401, acquiring biological density data, and calculating a biological density feedback factor, wherein the biological density feedback factor specifically comprises the following steps: |[0133] ;|[0134] In the formula, Representing the current biological density of the material,Represents the maximum allowable value of the biological density,Representing the adjustment factor.|[0135] Step S402, acquiring inter-population competition data, and calculating a population competition feedback factor, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0136] ;|[0137] In the formula, 、、Represented as carbon reserves of different biological populations,Representing the population competition feedback factor.|[0138] Step S403, based on the carbon sink predicted quantity after temperature feedback correction obtained in step S300, inputting population competition feedback factors and biological density feedback factors to construct a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model, and outputting a final carbon sink predicted result based on the model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0139] ;|[0140] In the formula, Represents the predicted amount of carbon sink after temperature feedback correction,Representing the feedback factor of the biological density,Representing the feedback factor of the population competition,Indicating the final carbon sink prediction result.|[0141] The following substitutes a set of experimental data for illustrating a specific flow of the method, among others.|[0142] Firstly, initial data of ocean carbon sink ecology is obtained, wherein an initial data set specifically comprises:|[0143] the above-ground carbon reserve data is The underground carbon reserve data isDeposit carbon reserves data isDepth of deposit 50cm, organic carbon content2%.|[0144] Substituting data for calculation, specifically:|[0145] the above-ground carbon reserves are: |[0146] ;|[0147] the underground carbon reserves are: |[0148] ;|[0149] the deposit carbon reserves are: |[0150] ;|[0151] A dynamic change model is constructed, an initial carbon sink prediction result is calculated, and primary productivity and respiratory rate are set as follows: |[0152] Primary productivity 。|[0153] Respiration rate。|[0154] The initial carbon sink prediction result of the dynamic change model is:|[0155] ;|[0156] Constructing a temperature feedback model for correction, and setting the current temperature as The optimal temperature isTemperature deviationThe temperature feedback model is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:|[0157] ;|[0158] In the formula, 。|[0159] ;|[0160] Based on the correction result, a biological density and population competition feedback mechanism is introduced to optimize carbon sink prediction, specifically:|[0161] let the current biological density be Maximum biological densityCalculating a biological density feedback factor:|[0162] ;|[0163] and obtaining the biological density feedback factor value. |[0164] Let there currently be two main populations, the carbon reserves being:|[0165] And ;|[0166] And (3) calculating a population competition feedback factor:|[0167] ;|[0168] And obtaining the population competition feedback factor value. |[0169] Substituting the population competition feedback factor value and the biological density feedback factor value into a formula, and finally optimizing the carbon sink prediction result to be:|[0170] ;|[0171] And obtaining the value of the carbon sink predicted result after the prediction area is optimized, comparing the obtained value with the value obtained by actual calculation, and generating a survey report based on the comparison result to realize the survey processing of the carbon sink data. |[0172] Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a marine carbon sink data investigation system according to an embodiment of the present application.|[0173] In this embodiment, a marine carbon sink data investigation system may include:|[0174] the analysis determining unit 230 is configured to obtain initial data in the marine carbon sink ecology, and perform carbon sink element analysis based on the initial data, to determine the carbon reserves and the influencing factors. |[0175] The preliminary prediction unit 231 is configured to construct a dynamic change model based on the initial data and the influence factors in the marine carbon sink ecology, and calculate an initial carbon sink prediction result.|[0176] And the feedback correction unit 232 builds a temperature feedback model correction model and performs temperature feedback correction on the obtained carbon quantity predicted result.|[0177] And the optimization output unit 233 is configured to introduce a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, and perform multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization to obtain a final optimized carbon sink prediction result.|[0178] The system comprises a sensor network, a preliminary prediction unit, a system, a feedback correction unit, a temperature feedback model and a correction prediction result, wherein the preliminary data of marine carbon sink ecology is obtained through the analysis determination unit, carbon sink element analysis is carried out, carbon reserves and influence factors are determined, the unit is connected with the database through the sensor network, basic data of overground, underground and sediment carbon reserves are collected, a dynamic change model is built based on the preliminary prediction unit, the preliminary carbon sink prediction result is calculated, the system operates based on the set model, the carbon sink change amount of each time step is automatically calculated, after the preliminary carbon sink prediction result is obtained, the feedback correction unit carries out feedback correction according to actual environmental conditions, the temperature feedback model is built, the prediction result is corrected, the feedback correction unit obtains temperature data from an external meteorological database, the temperature data is compared with preset optimal temperature, the carbon sink prediction result is corrected, finally, a multidimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model is built based on the corrected output unit, parameters such as biological density and population competition are automatically adjusted, the final carbon sink prediction result is output, and investigation report is generated based on the obtained values.|[0179] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. | Family Number|(112638772)|112638772|Abstract|(CN119151566B B)|The invention provides an ocean carbon sink data investigation method and system , and relates to the technical field of carbon sink management investigation , and the method comprises the steps : obtaining initial data in ocean carbon sink ecology , carrying out the carbon sink element analysis based on the initial data , determining carbon reserves and impact factors , building a dynamic change model based on the initial data and impact factors in the ocean carbon sink ecology , and obtaining an ocean carbon sink data investigation result . The method comprises the following steps : calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result , constructing a temperature feedback model correction model , carrying out temperature feedback correction on an obtained carbon sink prediction result , introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result , constructing a multi - dimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model , and obtaining a final optimized carbon sink prediction result . By introducing a dynamic change model , a temperature feedback model and a biological density and population competition feedback mechanism , static reserves of carbon sequestration in a marine ecosystem are considered , multi - dimensional dynamic feedback factors are integrated , and a carbon sequestration prediction result can be adjusted in different time steps . |Title|(CN119151566B B)|Ocean carbon sink data investigation method and system | | IT methods for management | G06F-017/18|G06N-003/00/6|G06Q-010/04|G06Q-010/06/3|G06Q-030/018|G06Q-050/06|Y02A-090/10 | G06F-017/18|G06N-003/00/6|G06Q-010/04|G06Q-010/06/3|G06Q-030/018|G06Q-050/06|Y02A-090/10 | G06F-017/18|G06N-003/006|G06Q-010/063|G06Q-030/018 | G06F-017/18|G06N-003/006|G06Q-010/063|G06Q-030/018 | CN120124819 | CN120124819 114858616 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN118839873|CN118780649|CN117114453|CN117114194|CN117078276|CN116311010|US20240070222|AU2020103139|CN118917559 | CN118839873 111925489 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118780649 111780154 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117114453 107434976 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117114194 107454937 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117078276 107298622 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN116311010 105454427 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20240070222 101889531 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|AU2020103139 92226038 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118917559 112118772 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 廖培涛;蒋忠诚;罗为群;尹辉;: "碳汇估算方法研究进展", 广西科学院学报, no. 01, 15 February 2011 (2011-02-15) (Cat. A) | CN117078276; CN118839873; AU2020103139; CN116311010; CN117114194; CN117114453; US20240070222; CN118780649; CN118917559 | (CN119151566)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-KEREN CHEN, QIYUAN CAI, NAN ZHENG, YINAN LI, CHANGYONG LIN,YUANFEI LI: "Forest Carbon Sink Evaluation – An Important Contribution for Carbon Neutrality", IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, vol. 811, 31 December 2021 (2021-12-31)| | GRANTED | (CN119151566)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN119151566)|ALIVE | (CN119151566)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN119151566|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-11-18|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2024-11-18|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202411643674|Application date=2024-11-18|Standardized application number=2024CN-1643674|Event publication date=2024-12-17|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN119151566|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-12-17|Standardized publication number=CN119151566|Event publication date=2024-12-17|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-01-03|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-11-11|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN119151566|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2025-11-11|Standardized publication number=CN119151566B|Event publication date=2025-11-11|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN119151566)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoTcTZBdklnlQBj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000079624624&ekey=2103&xpn=CN119151566B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=5T1nltPX1THpaoUPvjvP%252FbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN119151566)|CN|(CN119151566)|CN | (CN119151566)|NAME=INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN|(CN119151566)|NAME=INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN | (CN119151566)|NAME=CHENG DAN;BEIJING XINYU CHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=16121|(CN119151566)|NAME=CHENG DAN;BEIJING XINYU CHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=16121 | (CN119151566)|CN| | (CN119151566)|NAME=LIU JIE, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=WANG XITAO|NAME=LIU XIAOHUI|NAME=ZHU ANCHENG|NAME=JIN XIN|NAME=ZHANG SHAN|NAME=WANG DONGLIANG|NAME=CHEN LU|(CN119151566)|NAME=LIU JIE|NAME=WANG XITAO|NAME=LIU XIAOHUI|NAME=ZHU ANCHENG|NAME=JIN XIN|NAME=ZHANG SHAN|NAME=WANG DONGLIANG|NAME=CHEN LU | Titre: (CN119151566)|Ocean carbon sink data investigation method and system Résumé: (CN119151566)|The invention provides an ocean carbon sink data investigation method and system, and relates to the technical field of carbon sink management investigation, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining initial data in ocean carbon sink ecology, carrying out the carbon sink element analysis based on the initial data, determining carbon reserves and impact factors, building a dynamic change model based on the initial data and impact factors in the ocean carbon sink ecology, and obtaining an ocean carbon sink data investigation result. The method comprises the following steps: calculating an initial carbon sink prediction result, constructing a temperature feedback model correction model, carrying out temperature feedback correction on an obtained carbon sink prediction result, introducing a biological density and competition feedback mechanism based on the corrected carbon sink prediction result, constructing a multi-dimensional dynamic carbon sink optimization model, and obtaining a final optimized carbon sink prediction result. By introducing a dynamic change model, a temperature feedback model and a biological density and population competition feedback mechanism, static reserves of carbon sequestration in a marine ecosystem are considered, multi-dimensional dynamic feedback factors are integrated, and a carbon sequestration prediction result can be adjusted in different time steps. | 37.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon sink data investigation and modeling rather than on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization techniques. | 9.0 | 1.0 | (CN119151566)|1 | (CN119151566)|3 | (CN119151566)|4|(CN119151566)|8 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN119151566)|2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN119151566)|Number of Claims: NCL=4|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-11-11|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-4601|Substantial examination effective date: 20250103 Examination duration: 10 months|Number of Pages: NPAGES=16|Primary examiner: 汪盈盈|Primary examiner: Wang Yingying||(CN119151566)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-12-17|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-5101|Number of Pages: NPAGES=17|Primary examiner: 汪盈盈|Primary examiner: Wang Yingying| | (CN119151566)|Previous publication: CN119151566 A 2024-12-17 [CN119151566] | (CN119151566)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN119151566B)|Patent|(CN119151566)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||
| 44 | GB0819865|US12/998,764|WOGB2009/002568|US13/600,425 | GC2009-14586|WOGB2009/002568|US13/600,425|MA33887|ZA201103638|CL2011000948|AU2009309476|MX2011004487|US12/998,764|EP09748445|GB0819865 | GC0003467|AU2009309476|MX311987|US8440439|US20130005015|US8278082|ZA201103638|US20120028326|MA32827|EP2364201|CL2011000948|MX2011004487|GB2464763|AU2009309476|WO2010/049687|GB2464763|GB0819865 | 1864849 | GC0003467 B 2015-09-30 [GC---3467]|WO2010/049687 A1 2010-05-06 [WO201049687]|US8440439 B2 2013-05-14 [US8440439]|US20130005015 A1 2013-01-03 [US20130005015]|MA32827 B1 2011-11-01 [MA--32827]|ZA201103638 B 2012-08-29 [ZA201103638]|CL2011000948 A1 2011-09-09 [CL201100948]|AU2009309476 B2 2014-07-24 [AU2009309476]|AU2009309476 A1 2010-05-06 [AU2009309476]|MX311987 B 2013-08-05 [MX-311987]|MX2011004487 A 2011-07-29 [MX2011004487]|US8278082 B2 2012-10-02 [US8278082]|US20120028326 A1 2012-02-02 [US20120028326]|EP2364201 A1 2011-09-14 [EP2364201]|GB2464763 B 2010-10-27 [GB2464763]|GB2464763 A 2010-05-05 [GB2464763]|GB0819865 D0 2008-12-03 [GB200819865] | 2008-10-29|2009-10-28|2011-09-13|2012-08-31 | 2009-10-28|2009-10-28|2012-08-31|2011-05-24|2011-05-17|2011-04-28|2009-10-28|2009-10-28|2009-10-28|2009-10-28|2008-10-29 | 2015-09-30|2014-07-24|2013-08-05|2013-05-14|2013-01-03|2012-10-02|2012-08-29|2012-02-02|2011-11-01|2011-09-14|2011-09-09|2011-07-29|2010-10-27|2010-05-06|2010-05-06|2010-05-05|2008-12-03 | |(US8440439)|2013-05-14|(US8278082)|2012-10-02||(GB2464763)|2010-10-27|(GC---3467)|2015-09-30|(AU2009309476)|2014-07-24|(MX-311987)|2013-08-05|(ZA201103638)|2012-08-29|(MA--32827)|2011-11-01| | (EP2364201)|2013-01-15|(US8440439)|2029-10-28|(US8278082)|2029-10-28|(WO2010/049687)|2012-04-29|(GB2464763)|2028-10-29|(GC0003467)|2029-10-28|(AU2009309476)|2029-10-28|(MX311987)|2029-10-28|(ZA201103638)|2029-10-28|(MA32827)|2029-10-28|(CL2011000948)|2029-10-28 | (EP2364201)|Method and system for carbon sequestration | (EP2364201)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. The invention also relates to improved methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE). | SEAGRASS | (EP2364201)|Jovine, Raffael ([GB])|(US8440439)|Jovine Raffael ([GB])|(US20130005015)|JOVINE RAFFAEL|(US8278082)|JOVINE RAFFAEL|(US20120028326)|JOVINE RAFFAEL|(WO2010/049687)|JOVINE, Raffael ([GB])|(GB2464763)|RAFFAEL JOVINE|(GB2464763)|RAFFAEL JOVINE|(GB0819865)|JOVINE, RAFFAEL|(GC0003467)|JOVINE RAFFAEL ([GB])|(AU2009309476)|SEAGRASS AG/SA/LTD|(AU2009309476)|RAFFAEL JOVINE|(MX311987)|RAFFAEL JOVINE|(MX2011004487)|RAFFAEL JOVINE|(ZA201103638)|SEAGRASS AG/SA/LTD|(MA32827)|JOVINE, RAFFAEL|(CL2011000948)|JOVINE, RAFFAEL. | JOVINE RAFFAEL | (EP2364201)|Jovine, Raffael | (EP2364201)|Carpmaels & Ransford ([GB])|Reg. Nb: 100061233|(US8440439)|TraskBritt|(US8278082)|TraskBritt|(WO2010/049687)|GOODFELLOW, Hugh, Robin et al. ([GB])|(GC0003467)|Suleiman I Al-Ammar Law Office|(MX311987)|MANUEL MARTIN SOTO GUTIERREZ | (US8440439)|Because coccolithophorid algae can grow in calm water, there is little or no need for agitation of the aquaculture water beyond that provided by the movement of the water through the aquaculture ponds.|The primary purpose of extracting heat energy from the greenhouse-heated seawater is to generate the energy necessary to move the large volumes of seawater that are required for the coccolithophorid algal aquaculture.|This side-product may be especially beneficial in the arid locations where the invention will be exploited.|By comparison, in the open ocean, coccolithophorid algae growth is limited by sub-optimal temperatures, limited nutrient availability, aging of the bloom and other biological and environmental factors.|Given that this is distributed over many sites, for example, 1,000 aquaculture preserves in several countries, this does not represent a significant disposal or storage burden for any one site.|Unlike other algae, its growth does not become inhibited by high levels of sunlight.| | (US8440439)|1. A method of sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into solid form, the method comprising: culturing coccolithophorid algae in seawater using land-based aquaculture under conditions wherein atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by the algae into calcium carbonate and/or bio-char; a. wherein the seawater in which the algae are cultured is the discharge of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) condensers and greenhouses; and b. wherein the source water for the OTEC process is provided by i) cold seawater and ii) seawater that has been warmed in land-based greenhouses using solar energy to a temperature sufficient to inactivate substantially all microorganisms.|15. A system for sequestering carbon using coccolithophorid algae, the system comprising: a. greenhouses for heating seawater using solar energy, b. an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system adapted to use the heated surface water from step a) and cold seawater; and c. a flow-through, land-based coccolithophorid algae aquaculture preserve provided with water from the OTEC condensers of part (b) and the greenhouses.| | (US8440439)|In a further embodiment of this aspect hereof, there is provided a system for generating energy using OTEC comprising a means for heating seawater using solar energy and an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system adapted to use the heated surface water from step a) and cold seawater.|In particular, described is the sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. Also described are methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE).|The disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon using natural carbon fixation. In particular, the disclosure relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae.| | (EP2364201)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)||(US8440439)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE(100,30)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,22)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(100,2)|SOLID(100,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(83,3)|ALGAE COCCOLITH(65,4)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(64,2)|AQUACULTURE POND(59,81)|ROBUST SEQUESTRATION(57,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE GROWTH(51,1)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE(45,3)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(44,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(43,22)|LAND AQUACULTURE(43,12)|HARVESTED ALGAE(43,9)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(40,5)|COLD SEAWATER(35,13)|BLOOM AGING(35,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI(34,5)|HEATING SEAWATER(32,3)|LAND GREENHOUSE(31,3)|AQUACULTURE WATER AGITATION(31,1)|EXOGENOUS NUTRIENT(30,4)|SEAWATER(28,58)|BRAARUDOSPHAERA BIGELOWI(28,2)|CALCIDISCUS LEPTOPORUS(27,2)|COCCOLITHUS BRAARUDII(26,2)|SYRACOSPHAERA PULCHRA(26,2)|GREENHOUSE HEATED SEAWATER(26,1)|GREENHOUSE(24,62)|MICROORGANISM(24,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER(23,10)|ALGAE(22,44)|ALKALI MINERAL(21,3)|ARID LOCATION(21,1)|ALGAE GROWTH(19,3)|STORAGE BURDEN(19,1)|SUBOPTIMAL TEMPERATURE(18,1)|LIMITED NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY(16,1)|NATURAL CARBON FIXATION(16,1)|ALGAE AQUACULTURE(15,4)|DISPOSAL(14,2)|BIOCHAR(13,4)|CALM WATER(13,2)|ENERGY GENERATION(13,1)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(13,1)|SOLAR ENERGY(12,9)|CONDENSATION(12,3)|CARBON LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,2)|LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE LAND AQUACULTURE(12,1)|SEAWATER LARGE VOLUME(12,1)|DENSELY POPULATED AQUACULTURE POND(11,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL GROWTH(10,2)|COASTAL AQUACULTURE POND(10,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(10,1)|EXTRACTING HEAT ENERGY(10,1)|HARVESTED AGGREGATED ALGAL SLUDGE(10,1)|PART CONDENSER(10,1)|UNPOPULATED SEAWATER INOCULATION(10,1)|ALGA GROWTH(9,7)|ALGAL BIOMASS(9,3)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATION(9,3)|AQUACULTURE POND ARRAY(9,2)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE POND(9,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(9,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID LAND AQUACULTURE(9,1)|HARVEST FRESHWATER RESOURCE(9,1)|COLD SEAWATER DEPTH(8,3)|CARBON FIXATION(8,2)|FLOWING AQUACULTURE POND(8,2)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATE(8,2)|INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY ULLMANN ENCYCLOPEDIA(8,2)|OCEAN AQUACULTURE(8,2)|MARINE ALGA LAND AQUACULTURE(8,1)|NATURAL ALGAE OCEAN BLOOM(8,1)|NONPRODUCTIVE COASTAL LAND(8,1)|OPEN OCEAN(8,1)|SEEDING POND TIER(8,1)|SEAWATER LITER(7,3)|AGGREGATED ALGAE(7,2)|ALGAE HARVESTING(7,2)|DEEP CONE THICKENER(7,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP SEAWATER(7,2)|ALGAL HARVESTING EQUIPMENT SHARING(7,1)|COASTAL CORAL CONTEXT(7,1)|COASTAL DEEP SEAWATER(7,1)|COASTAL LAND AVAILABILITY(7,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE DENSITY CULTURE(7,1)|FREQUENT SEAWATER TURNOVER(7,1)|INOCULANT ALGAE GROWTH(7,1)|TRANSPARENT EXOPOLYMER PARTICLE(6,4)|OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE(6,3)|SOURCE WATER(6,3)|ALGAL PASTE(6,2)|COCCOLITH SEPARATION(6,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(6,2)|EARTHEN BARRIER(6,2)|HARVESTED ALGAE PROCESSING(6,2)|IMPERMEABLE PLASTIC LINING(6,2)|INTERCONNECTING TUNNEL(6,2)|WARM SEAWATER(6,2)|ALGAE REMINERALIZATION(6,1)|ALGAL SLURRY THICK CARPET(6,1)|AQUACULTURE POND FINAL STRETCH(6,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVER(6,1)|AQUACULTURE SEAWATER(6,1)|CALIFORNIAN PENINSULA(6,1)|CHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDE(6,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL BLOOM(6,1)|COOL FRESHWATER CONDENSER(6,1)|DEEP COASTAL SEAWATER(6,1)|FERTILIZER HYDROXYLAPATITE(6,1)|GREENHOUSE TUNNEL SAVE(6,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE DAY(6,1)|MATURE ALGAE AGGREGATE(6,1)|MINERAL ENRICHED SEAWATER(6,1)|DAYLIGHT HOUR(5,3)|LARGE VOLUME(5,3)|SEAWATER FLOW(5,3)|ANIMAL FEEDSTOCK(5,2)|CO2 TON(5,2)|UV IR OUTER FOLIA(5,2)|AGITATED HABITAT(5,1)|ALGAE AGGREGATION(5,1)|ALGAE BLOOM(5,1)|ALGAE INOCULANT(5,1)|ALGAE STRATIFICATION(5,1)|ALGAL AGGREGATE(5,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(5,1)|AQUACULTURE BEND(5,1)|AQUACULTURE FACILITY(5,1)|AQUACULTURE NEGATIVE IMPACT(5,1)|BACTERIAL COLONIZATION(5,1)|BIOCHAR REMNANT(5,1)|BIOMASS COMPETITION(5,1)|CALCIFYING ORGANISM(5,1)|CATIONIC FLOCCULANT(5,1)|CLAY GEOMEMBRANE(5,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|COCCOLITH TON(5,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID BLOOM(5,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID CELL GR(5,1)|COCCOLITHOVIRUS GROWTH(5,1)|CONDITIONED SEAWATER(5,1)|COOLER DEEP SEAWATER(5,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM STOICHIOMETRY(5,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI CELL(5,1)|EXPERIENCE EXTRAPOLATION(5,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATION(5,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATOR(5,1)|GREENHOUSE CONDENSATION(5,1)|GREENHOUSE INTENSE SOLAR RADIATION(5,1)|GREENHOUSE PRETREATMENT(5,1)|HARVEST ALGAE(5,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE(5,1)|MINERAL SEQUESTRATION TRAP CARBON(5,1)|NARROW COASTAL BAY(5,1)|NUTRIENT ENRICHED SEAWATER(5,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(5,1)|OCEAN ALGAL BLOOM(5,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|OCEAN THERMOCLINE(5,1)|PUMPING NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(5,1)|SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(5,1)|SEAWATER PRETREATMENT(5,1)|SEED ALGAE GROWTH(5,1)|SHRIMP AQUACULTURE POND(5,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN SITE(5,1)|OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION(4,109)|CA DISSOLUTION(4,2)|GEOGRAPHY(4,2)|HEATED SURFACE WATER(4,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING ORGANISM(4,2)|REMAINING ORGANIC BIOMASS(4,2)|SEAWATER SOLAR HEATING(4,2)|ABUNDANT RESOURCE(4,1)|AMBIENT DESERT(4,1)|AQUACULTURE PARAMETER(4,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SHADED SECTION(4,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER TRANSPARENCY(4,1)|CO2 EMITTING INDUSTRY(4,1)|COLD DEEP SEAWATER(4,1)|COMPETING ORGANISM(4,1)|COOL GREENHOUSE(4,1)|DELETERIOUS ORGANISM(4,1)|DIVISION HAPTOPHYTE(4,1)|EXTRACTING BIOMASS(4,1)|FEEDING MARINE INVERTEBRATE(4,1)|FRESHWATER GENERATION CYCLE(4,1)|GREENHOUSE EXIT(4,1)|GREENHOUSE SPAN(4,1)|INSUFFICIENT SUNLIGHT(4,1)|LAND SHAPING(4,1)|MARINE INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL(4,1)|METHANEDIONE EXCESS(4,1)|MODEL COCCOLITHOPHORID(4,1)|NUTRIENT LITER(4,1)|POLYMERIC FLOCCULANT(4,1)|QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT(4,1)|REEMISSION RISK(4,1)|REPEAT TURNOVER(4,1)|SEAWATER CONSTANT TURNOVER(4,1)|SEQUESTRATION SITE(4,1)|SUCTION CLARIFIER(4,1)|SUPERSATURATED CA(4,1)|TEMPORARY FLUCTUATION(4,1)|THICK CLAY LINING(4,1)|WATERPROOF QUALITY WHITE PLASTIC LINING(4,1)|YELLOW PYROLYSIS(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(3,6)|WASTEWATER TREATMENT(3,5)|DOUBLING(3,3)|EMILIANIA(3,3)|LANDFILL(3,3)|PIPELINE(3,3)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|AMBIGUITY(3,2)|BUITENHUIS(3,2)|COAGULANT(3,2)|COASTLINE(3,2)|INNER FOLIA(3,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(3,2)|MARINE SNOW(3,2)|NITRITE(3,2)|OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE(3,2)|ALGAE SPECIES(3,1)|ALGAE YIELD(3,1)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(3,1)|BUBBLE CURTAIN ROW(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTERING COCCOLITHOPHORID(3,1)|CELL CROSSLINKING(3,1)|CIRCULAR CENTRALLY DRIVEN CLARIFIER(3,1)|CO2 SEQUESTERED RANGE TON(3,1)|COCCOLITH YIELD(3,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM MINERAL(3,1)|DRIED ALGAE(3,1)|FERTILIZER CALCIUM NITRATE(3,1)|FINE BUBBLE CURTAIN ARRAY(3,1)|FOUR SEEDING POND(3,1)|FRESHWATER YIELD(3,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|GROWING ALGAE(3,1)|INOCULANT CELL DENSITY(3,1)|MAXIMIZE GROWTH(3,1)|MINERAL CARBONATE(3,1)|OFFER BENEFIT(3,1)|RESIDUAL ALGAE(3,1)|SEAWATER ANALYSIS(3,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(3,1)|SHALLOW TROUGH(3,1)|SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY(3,1)|THICK SYNTHETIC LINER(3,1)|VALUABLE LAND(3,1)|SEQUESTER CARBON(2,4)|BICARBONATE(2,3)|CONVEYER BELT(2,3)|DRIVING GAS(2,3)|LARGE SCALE LAND AQUACULTURE(2,3)|TURBINE(2,3)|NIGHT(2,2)|ABSORB CO2(2,1)|ABUNDANCE(2,1)|ABUNDANT SUPPLY(2,1)|ADJACENT GREENHOUSE(2,1)|ADJUSTED SIZE SEEDING POND(2,1)|AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING(2,1)|ALGAE GROWTH RATE(2,1)|ALGAE SUPPLY(2,1)|ALGAL POND SIZE(2,1)|AQUACULTURE POND END(2,1)|ASSESSMENT(2,1)|BIO FOULING REDUCTION(2,1)|BIOFOULING(2,1)|CALCIUM CARBONATE(2,1)|CALCIUM RICH MINERAL(2,1)|CAPTURING SOLAR ENERGY(2,1)|CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|CARBON MARKET FUNCTION(2,1)|CARBON OFFSET MARKET(2,1)|CARBON OFFSET PAYMENT(2,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONTEXT(2,1)|CARPET THICKNESS(2,1)|CELL AGE(2,1)|CENTURY(2,1)|CHLORAPATITE(2,1)|CLIMATE(2,1)|CLOUD COVER(2,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(2,1)|CO2 EMISSION SOURCE(2,1)|CO2 STORAGE(2,1)|COCCOLITH FORMATION(2,1)|COLD BLENDING(2,1)|COLD MIXING(2,1)|COLD WATER DISCHARGE BASIN(2,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS(2,1)|CONCRETE RETENTION WALL(2,1)|CONDITIONING PHASE(2,1)|CONTAMINANT(2,1)|COVERING GREENHOUSE(2,1)|CREATION(2,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN MASS(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN STORAGE(2,1)|DESALINIZATION COMPONENT(2,1)|DESIRABILITY(2,1)|DESIRABLE ALGAE(2,1)|DETACHMENT(2,1)|DISTRIBUTION MANIFOLD(2,1)|DOUBLE HDPE(2,1)|DRIED COCCOLITH TOTAL VOLUME(2,1)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(2,1)|ECONOMICS(2,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(2,1)|EMISSION TRADING(2,1)|ENERGY EXTRACTION YIELD(2,1)|ENTRANCE(2,1)|EQUATORIAL WATER(2,1)|EQUIVALENT EMISSION(2,1)|EVAPORATOR(2,1)|EXCESS GLOBAL WARMING(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL CELL GROWTH(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(2,1)|FAST FLUID BED REACTOR(2,1)|FIFTEEN FOLD(2,1)|FLOW THROUGH AQUACULTURE POND(2,1)|FLUORAPATITE(2,1)|FORECAST(2,1)|FOUR MAJOR VARIANT(2,1)|FRAGMENTATION(2,1)|GEOFABRICS(2,1)|GEOLOGICAL CONDITION(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES(2,1)|HOT SEAWATER(2,1)|INORGANIC CARBONATE(2,1)|IPCC SPECIAL REPORT(2,1)|KWHR YIELD(2,1)|LARGE AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(2,1)|MAXIMUM ALGAL YIELD(2,1)|MAXIMUM REWARD(2,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(2,1)|MIGHT SEDIMENT(2,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(2,1)|OPERATING HOUR(2,1)|PH BALANCE(2,1)|PLENUM PRESS(2,1)|PRODUCTION MAXIMIZATION(2,1)|REMAINING SEAWATER(2,1)|SEEDING POND WATER DISTRIBUTION(2,1)|SINGLE AQUACULTURE POND DEPTH(2,1)|SOLAR HEATED SEAWATER(2,1)|SUN DRIED BIOMASS(2,1)|UNDERGROUND GEOLOGICAL FORMATION(2,1)|UNMODIFIED NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION(2,1)||(US20130005015)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE(100,30)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,22)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(100,2)|SOLID(100,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(83,3)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(64,2)|AQUACULTURE POND(59,81)|ROBUST SEQUESTRATION(57,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE GROWTH(51,1)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE(45,3)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(44,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(43,22)|LAND AQUACULTURE(43,12)|HARVESTED ALGAE(43,9)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(40,5)|COLD SEAWATER(35,13)|BLOOM AGING(35,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI(34,5)|HEATING SEAWATER(32,3)|LAND GREENHOUSE(31,3)|AQUACULTURE WATER AGITATION(31,1)|EXOGENOUS NUTRIENT(30,4)|BRAARUDOSPHAERA BIGELOWI(28,2)|CALCIDISCUS LEPTOPORUS(27,2)|COCCOLITHUS BRAARUDII(26,2)|SYRACOSPHAERA PULCHRA(26,2)|GREENHOUSE HEATED SEAWATER(26,1)|SEAWATER(25,56)|GREENHOUSE(24,62)|MICROORGANISM(24,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER(23,10)|ARID LOCATION(21,1)|ALGAE(20,43)|ALGAE GROWTH(19,3)|STORAGE BURDEN(19,1)|SUBOPTIMAL TEMPERATURE(18,1)|LIMITED NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY(16,1)|NATURAL CARBON FIXATION(16,1)|ALGAE AQUACULTURE(15,4)|DISPOSAL(14,2)|BIOCHAR(13,4)|CALM WATER(13,2)|ENERGY GENERATION(13,1)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(13,1)|SOLAR ENERGY(12,9)|CONDENSATION(12,3)|CARBON LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,2)|LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE LAND AQUACULTURE(12,1)|SEAWATER LARGE VOLUME(12,1)|DENSELY POPULATED AQUACULTURE POND(11,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL GROWTH(10,2)|COASTAL AQUACULTURE POND(10,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(10,1)|EXTRACTING HEAT ENERGY(10,1)|HARVESTED AGGREGATED ALGAL SLUDGE(10,1)|PART CONDENSER(10,1)|UNPOPULATED SEAWATER INOCULATION(10,1)|ALGA GROWTH(9,7)|ALGAL BIOMASS(9,3)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATION(9,3)|AQUACULTURE POND ARRAY(9,2)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE POND(9,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(9,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID LAND AQUACULTURE(9,1)|HARVEST FRESHWATER RESOURCE(9,1)|COLD SEAWATER DEPTH(8,3)|CARBON FIXATION(8,2)|FLOWING AQUACULTURE POND(8,2)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATE(8,2)|INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY ULLMANN ENCYCLOPEDIA(8,2)|OCEAN AQUACULTURE(8,2)|MARINE ALGA LAND AQUACULTURE(8,1)|NATURAL ALGAE OCEAN BLOOM(8,1)|NONPRODUCTIVE COASTAL LAND(8,1)|OPEN OCEAN(8,1)|SEEDING POND TIER(8,1)|SEAWATER LITER(7,3)|AGGREGATED ALGAE(7,2)|ALGAE HARVESTING(7,2)|DEEP CONE THICKENER(7,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP SEAWATER(7,2)|ALGAL HARVESTING EQUIPMENT SHARING(7,1)|COASTAL CORAL CONTEXT(7,1)|COASTAL DEEP SEAWATER(7,1)|COASTAL LAND AVAILABILITY(7,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE DENSITY CULTURE(7,1)|FREQUENT SEAWATER TURNOVER(7,1)|INOCULANT ALGAE GROWTH(7,1)|OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE(6,3)|SOURCE WATER(6,3)|ALGAL PASTE(6,2)|COCCOLITH SEPARATION(6,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(6,2)|EARTHEN BARRIER(6,2)|HARVESTED ALGAE PROCESSING(6,2)|IMPERMEABLE PLASTIC LINING(6,2)|INTERCONNECTING TUNNEL(6,2)|WARM SEAWATER(6,2)|ALGAE REMINERALIZATION(6,1)|ALGAL SLURRY THICK CARPET(6,1)|AQUACULTURE POND FINAL STRETCH(6,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVER(6,1)|AQUACULTURE SEAWATER(6,1)|CALIFORNIAN PENINSULA(6,1)|CHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDE(6,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL BLOOM(6,1)|COOL FRESHWATER CONDENSER(6,1)|DEEP COASTAL SEAWATER(6,1)|FERTILIZER HYDROXYLAPATITE(6,1)|GREENHOUSE TUNNEL SAVE(6,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE DAY(6,1)|MATURE ALGAE AGGREGATE(6,1)|MINERAL ENRICHED SEAWATER(6,1)|DAYLIGHT HOUR(5,3)|LARGE VOLUME(5,3)|SEAWATER FLOW(5,3)|ANIMAL FEEDSTOCK(5,2)|CO2 TON(5,2)|UV IR OUTER FOLIA(5,2)|AGITATED HABITAT(5,1)|ALGAE AGGREGATION(5,1)|ALGAE BLOOM(5,1)|ALGAE INOCULANT(5,1)|ALGAE STRATIFICATION(5,1)|ALGAL AGGREGATE(5,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(5,1)|AQUACULTURE BEND(5,1)|AQUACULTURE FACILITY(5,1)|AQUACULTURE NEGATIVE IMPACT(5,1)|BACTERIAL COLONIZATION(5,1)|BIOCHAR REMNANT(5,1)|BIOMASS COMPETITION(5,1)|CALCIFYING ORGANISM(5,1)|CATIONIC FLOCCULANT(5,1)|CLAY GEOMEMBRANE(5,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|COCCOLITH TON(5,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID BLOOM(5,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID CELL GR(5,1)|COCCOLITHOVIRUS GROWTH(5,1)|CONDITIONED SEAWATER(5,1)|COOLER DEEP SEAWATER(5,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM STOICHIOMETRY(5,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI CELL(5,1)|EXPERIENCE EXTRAPOLATION(5,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATION(5,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATOR(5,1)|GREENHOUSE CONDENSATION(5,1)|GREENHOUSE INTENSE SOLAR RADIATION(5,1)|GREENHOUSE PRETREATMENT(5,1)|HARVEST ALGAE(5,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE(5,1)|MINERAL SEQUESTRATION TRAP CARBON(5,1)|NARROW COASTAL BAY(5,1)|NUTRIENT ENRICHED SEAWATER(5,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(5,1)|OCEAN ALGAL BLOOM(5,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|OCEAN THERMOCLINE(5,1)|PUMPING NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(5,1)|SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(5,1)|SEAWATER PRETREATMENT(5,1)|SEED ALGAE GROWTH(5,1)|SHRIMP AQUACULTURE POND(5,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN SITE(5,1)|OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION(4,109)|CA DISSOLUTION(4,2)|GEOGRAPHY(4,2)|HEATED SURFACE WATER(4,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING ORGANISM(4,2)|REMAINING ORGANIC BIOMASS(4,2)|SEAWATER SOLAR HEATING(4,2)|ABUNDANT RESOURCE(4,1)|AMBIENT DESERT(4,1)|AQUACULTURE PARAMETER(4,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SHADED SECTION(4,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER TRANSPARENCY(4,1)|CO2 EMITTING INDUSTRY(4,1)|COLD DEEP SEAWATER(4,1)|COMPETING ORGANISM(4,1)|COOL GREENHOUSE(4,1)|DELETERIOUS ORGANISM(4,1)|DIVISION HAPTOPHYTE(4,1)|EXTRACTING BIOMASS(4,1)|FEEDING MARINE INVERTEBRATE(4,1)|FRESHWATER GENERATION CYCLE(4,1)|GREENHOUSE EXIT(4,1)|GREENHOUSE SPAN(4,1)|INSUFFICIENT SUNLIGHT(4,1)|LAND SHAPING(4,1)|MARINE INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL(4,1)|METHANEDIONE EXCESS(4,1)|MODEL COCCOLITHOPHORID(4,1)|NUTRIENT LITER(4,1)|POLYMERIC FLOCCULANT(4,1)|QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT(4,1)|REEMISSION RISK(4,1)|REPEAT TURNOVER(4,1)|SEAWATER CONSTANT TURNOVER(4,1)|SEQUESTRATION SITE(4,1)|SUCTION CLARIFIER(4,1)|SUPERSATURATED CA(4,1)|TEMPORARY FLUCTUATION(4,1)|THICK CLAY LINING(4,1)|WATERPROOF QUALITY WHITE PLASTIC LINING(4,1)|YELLOW PYROLYSIS(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(3,6)|WASTEWATER TREATMENT(3,5)|DOUBLING(3,3)|EMILIANIA(3,3)|LANDFILL(3,3)|PIPELINE(3,3)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|AMBIGUITY(3,2)|BUITENHUIS(3,2)|COAGULANT(3,2)|COASTLINE(3,2)|INNER FOLIA(3,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(3,2)|MARINE SNOW(3,2)|NITRITE(3,2)|OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE(3,2)|ALGAE SPECIES(3,1)|ALGAE YIELD(3,1)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(3,1)|BUBBLE CURTAIN ROW(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTERING COCCOLITHOPHORID(3,1)|CELL CROSSLINKING(3,1)|CIRCULAR CENTRALLY DRIVEN CLARIFIER(3,1)|CO2 SEQUESTERED RANGE TON(3,1)|COCCOLITH YIELD(3,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM MINERAL(3,1)|DRIED ALGAE(3,1)|FERTILIZER CALCIUM NITRATE(3,1)|FINE BUBBLE CURTAIN ARRAY(3,1)|FOUR SEEDING POND(3,1)|FRESHWATER YIELD(3,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|GROWING ALGAE(3,1)|INOCULANT CELL DENSITY(3,1)|MAXIMIZE GROWTH(3,1)|MINERAL CARBONATE(3,1)|OFFER BENEFIT(3,1)|RESIDUAL ALGAE(3,1)|SEAWATER ANALYSIS(3,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(3,1)|SHALLOW TROUGH(3,1)|SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY(3,1)|THICK SYNTHETIC LINER(3,1)|VALUABLE LAND(3,1)|SEQUESTER CARBON(2,4)|CONVEYER BELT(2,3)|DRIVING GAS(2,3)|LARGE SCALE LAND AQUACULTURE(2,3)|TURBINE(2,3)|NIGHT(2,2)|ABSORB CO2(2,1)|ABUNDANCE(2,1)|ABUNDANT SUPPLY(2,1)|ADJACENT GREENHOUSE(2,1)|ADJUSTED SIZE SEEDING POND(2,1)|AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING(2,1)|ALGAE GROWTH RATE(2,1)|ALGAE SUPPLY(2,1)|ALGAL POND SIZE(2,1)|ALKALI MINERAL(2,1)|AQUACULTURE POND END(2,1)|ASSESSMENT(2,1)|BICARBONATE ION(2,1)|BIO FOULING REDUCTION(2,1)|BIOFOULING(2,1)|CALCIUM CARBONATE(2,1)|CALCIUM RICH MINERAL(2,1)|CAPTURING SOLAR ENERGY(2,1)|CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|CARBON MARKET FUNCTION(2,1)|CARBON OFFSET MARKET(2,1)|CARBON OFFSET PAYMENT(2,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONTEXT(2,1)|CARPET THICKNESS(2,1)|CELL AGE(2,1)|CENTURY(2,1)|CHLORAPATITE(2,1)|CLIMATE(2,1)|CLOUD COVER(2,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(2,1)|CO2 EMISSION SOURCE(2,1)|CO2 STORAGE(2,1)|COCCOLITH FORMATION(2,1)|COLD BLENDING(2,1)|COLD MIXING(2,1)|COLD WATER DISCHARGE BASIN(2,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS(2,1)|CONCRETE RETENTION WALL(2,1)|CONDITIONING PHASE(2,1)|CONTAMINANT(2,1)|COVERING GREENHOUSE(2,1)|CREATION(2,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN MASS(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN STORAGE(2,1)|DESALINIZATION COMPONENT(2,1)|DESIRABILITY(2,1)|DESIRABLE ALGAE(2,1)|DETACHMENT(2,1)|DISTRIBUTION MANIFOLD(2,1)|DOUBLE HDPE(2,1)|DRIED COCCOLITH TOTAL VOLUME(2,1)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(2,1)|ECONOMICS(2,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(2,1)|EMISSION TRADING(2,1)|ENERGY EXTRACTION YIELD(2,1)|ENTRANCE(2,1)|EQUATORIAL WATER(2,1)|EQUIVALENT EMISSION(2,1)|EVAPORATOR(2,1)|EXCESS GLOBAL WARMING(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL CELL GROWTH(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(2,1)|FAST FLUID BED REACTOR(2,1)|FIFTEEN FOLD(2,1)|FLUORAPATITE(2,1)|FORECAST(2,1)|FOUR MAJOR VARIANT(2,1)|FRAGMENTATION(2,1)|GEOFABRICS(2,1)|GEOLOGICAL CONDITION(2,1)|GEOLOGICAL FORMATION DEPTH(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES(2,1)|HOT SEAWATER(2,1)|INORGANIC CARBONATE(2,1)|IPCC SPECIAL REPORT(2,1)|KWHR YIELD(2,1)|LARGE AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(2,1)|MAXIMUM ALGAL YIELD(2,1)|MAXIMUM REWARD(2,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(2,1)|MIGHT SEDIMENT(2,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(2,1)|OPERATING HOUR(2,1)|PH BALANCE(2,1)|PLENUM PRESS(2,1)|PRODUCTION MAXIMIZATION(2,1)|REMAINING SEAWATER(2,1)|SEEDING POND WATER DISTRIBUTION(2,1)|SINGLE AQUACULTURE POND DEPTH(2,1)|SOLAR HEATED SEAWATER(2,1)|SUN DRIED BIOMASS(2,1)|UNDERGROUND GEOLOGICAL FORMATION(2,1)|UNMODIFIED NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION(2,1)||(US8278082)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE(100,31)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,22)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(100,4)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(100,2)|SOLID(100,2)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(75,2)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI(54,9)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE(54,4)|AQUACULTURE POND(52,80)|BRAARUDOSPHAERA BIGELOWI(44,4)|CALCIDISCUS LEPTOPORUS(43,4)|COCCOLITHUS BRAARUDII(42,4)|SYRACOSPHAERA PULCHRA(42,4)|LAND GREENHOUSE(41,3)|ROBUST SEQUESTRATION(37,2)|ALGAE STRATIFICATION(37,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE(36,12)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(36,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(35,21)|COLD SEAWATER(35,13)|ALGAE COCCOLITH(29,1)|BLOOM AGING(29,1)|SEAWATER CONSTANT TURNOVER(29,1)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATE(28,2)|HEATING SEAWATER(26,3)|AQUACULTURE WATER AGITATION(26,1)|FAVORABLE GROWTH ENVIRONMENT(26,1)|EXOGENOUS NUTRIENT(25,4)|SEAWATER(22,57)|GREENHOUSE HEATED SEAWATER(21,1)|GREENHOUSE(20,61)|AQUACULTURE WATER(19,10)|ALGAE GROWTH(16,3)|CONSTANT TURNOVER(16,1)|OPEN OCEAN COCCOLITHOPHORID(16,1)|STORAGE BURDEN(16,1)|ALGAE(15,41)|SUBOPTIMAL TEMPERATURE(15,1)|LIMITED NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY(13,1)|SOLAR ENERGY(12,9)|ALGA(12,2)|DISPOSAL(12,2)|SETTLING(12,1)|BIOCHAR(11,4)|CALM WATER(11,2)|MICRO ORGANISM(11,2)|ENERGY GENERATION(11,1)|CONDENSATION(10,3)|BACTERIALLY DEGRADED CHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDE(10,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE LAND AQUACULTURE(10,1)|SEAWATER LARGE VOLUME(10,1)|SOURCE WATER(9,3)|DENSELY POPULATED AQUACULTURE POND(9,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(9,1)|EXTRACTING HEAT ENERGY(9,1)|HARVESTED AGGREGATED ALGAL SLUDGE(9,1)|MAXIMUM AIR EXCHANGE(9,1)|ALGA GROWTH(8,7)|ALGAL BIOMASS(8,3)|CARBON LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(8,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL GROWTH(8,2)|LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(8,2)|COASTAL AQUACULTURE POND(8,1)|PART CONDENSER(8,1)|UNPOPULATED SEAWATER INOCULATION(8,1)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(7,3)|AQUACULTURE POND ARRAY(7,2)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE POND(7,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(7,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID LAND AQUACULTURE(7,1)|HARVEST FRESHWATER RESOURCE(7,1)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(7,1)|MARINE ALGA LAND AQUACULTURE(7,1)|NONPRODUCTIVE COASTAL LAND(7,1)|COLD SEAWATER DEPTH(6,3)|SEAWATER LITER(6,3)|ALGAE HARVESTING(6,2)|FLOWING AQUACULTURE POND(6,2)|INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY ULLMANN ENCYCLOPEDIA(6,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP SEAWATER(6,2)|OCEAN AQUACULTURE(6,2)|ALGAL HARVESTING EQUIPMENT SHARING(6,1)|COASTAL CORAL CONTEXT(6,1)|COASTAL DEEP SEAWATER(6,1)|COASTAL LAND AVAILABILITY(6,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE DENSITY CULTURE(6,1)|FREQUENT SEAWATER TURNOVER(6,1)|INOCULANT ALGAE GROWTH(6,1)|NATURAL ALGAE OCEAN BLOOM(6,1)|OPEN OCEAN(6,1)|SEEDING POND TIER(6,1)|OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE(5,3)|AGGREGATED ALGAE(5,2)|ALGAL PASTE(5,2)|COCCOLITH SEPARATION(5,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(5,2)|DEEP CONE THICKENER(5,2)|EARTHEN BARRIER(5,2)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATION(5,2)|HARVESTED ALGAE PROCESSING(5,2)|IMPERMEABLE PLASTIC LINING(5,2)|INTERCONNECTING TUNNEL(5,2)|WARM SEAWATER(5,2)|ALGAE REMINERALISATION(5,1)|ALGAL SLURRY THICK CARPET(5,1)|AQUACULTURE POND FINAL STRETCH(5,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVER(5,1)|AQUACULTURE SEAWATER(5,1)|CALIFORNIAN PENINSULA(5,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL BLOOM(5,1)|COOL FRESHWATER CONDENSER(5,1)|DEEP COASTAL SEAWATER(5,1)|FERTILIZER HYDROXYLAPATITE(5,1)|GREENHOUSE TUNNEL SAVE(5,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE DAY(5,1)|MATURE ALGAE AGGREGATE(5,1)|MINERAL ENRICHED SEAWATER(5,1)|OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION(4,106)|DAYLIGHT HOUR(4,3)|LARGE VOLUME(4,3)|ANIMAL FEEDSTOCK(4,2)|CO2 TON(4,2)|UV IR OUTER FOLIA(4,2)|AGITATED HABITAT(4,1)|ALGAE AGGREGATION(4,1)|ALGAE BLOOM(4,1)|ALGAE INOCULANT(4,1)|ALGAL AGGREGATE(4,1)|AQUACULTURE BEND(4,1)|AQUACULTURE FACILITY(4,1)|AQUACULTURE NEGATIVE IMPACT(4,1)|BACTERIAL COLONIZATION(4,1)|BIOCHAR REMNANT(4,1)|BIOMASS COMPETITION(4,1)|CALCIFYING ORGANISM(4,1)|CATIONIC FLOCCULANT(4,1)|CLAY GEOMEMBRANE(4,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|COCCOLITH TON(4,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID BLOOM(4,1)|COCCOLITHOVIRUS GROWTH(4,1)|CONDITIONED SEAWATER(4,1)|COOLER DEEP SEAWATER(4,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM STOICHIOMETRY(4,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI CELL(4,1)|EMILIANIA BLOOM(4,1)|EXPERIENCE EXTRAPOLATION(4,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATION(4,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATOR(4,1)|GREENHOUSE CONDENSATION(4,1)|GREENHOUSE INTENSE SOLAR RADIATION(4,1)|GREENHOUSE PRETREATMENT(4,1)|HARVEST ALGAE(4,1)|INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(4,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE(4,1)|MINERAL SEQUESTRATION TRAP CARBON(4,1)|NARROW COASTAL BAY(4,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(4,1)|OCEAN ALGAL BLOOM(4,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(4,1)|OCEAN THERMOCLINE(4,1)|SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(4,1)|SEAWATER PRETREATMENT(4,1)|SEED ALGAE GROWTH(4,1)|SHRIMP AQUACULTURE POND(4,1)|SOLAR HEATED SEAWATER(4,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN SITE(4,1)|DOUBLING(3,3)|LANDFILL(3,3)|PIPELINE(3,3)|CA DISSOLUTION(3,2)|GEOGRAPHY(3,2)|HEATED SURFACE WATER(3,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING ORGANISM(3,2)|REMAINING ORGANIC BIOMASS(3,2)|SEAWATER SOLAR HEATING(3,2)|ABUNDANT RESOURCE(3,1)|ALGAE SPECIES(3,1)|ALGAE YIELD(3,1)|AMBIENT DESERT(3,1)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(3,1)|AQUACULTURE PARAMETER(3,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SECTION(3,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SHADED SECTION(3,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER TRANSPARENCY(3,1)|BLENDING GREENHOUSE(3,1)|BUBBLE CURTAIN ROW(3,1)|CALCIUM RICH MINERAL(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTERING COCCOLITHOPHORID(3,1)|CELL CROSSLINKING(3,1)|CHLORAPATITE CA(3,1)|CIRCULAR CENTRALLY DRIVEN CLARIFIER(3,1)|CO2 EMITTING INDUSTRY(3,1)|CO2 SEQUESTERED RANGE TON(3,1)|COCCOLITH YIELD(3,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID CELL(3,1)|COLD DEEP SEAWATER(3,1)|COMPETING ORGANISM(3,1)|DELETERIOUS ORGANISM(3,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM MINERAL(3,1)|DIVISION HAPTOPHYTE(3,1)|DRIED ALGAE(3,1)|EXTRACTING BIOMASS(3,1)|FAVORABLE GEOLOGICAL CONDITION(3,1)|FEEDING MARINE INVERTEBRATE(3,1)|FERTILIZER CALCIUM NITRATE(3,1)|FINE BUBBLE CURTAIN ARRAY(3,1)|FOUR SEEDING POND(3,1)|FRESHWATER GENERATION CYCLE(3,1)|FRESHWATER YIELD(3,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|GREENHOUSE EXIT(3,1)|GREENHOUSE PIPE(3,1)|GROWING ALGAE(3,1)|INOCULANT CELL DENSITY(3,1)|INSUFFICIENT SUNLIGHT(3,1)|LAND SHAPING(3,1)|MARINE INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL(3,1)|MAXIMIZE GROWTH(3,1)|METHANEDIONE EXCESS(3,1)|MINERAL CARBONATE(3,1)|MODEL COCCOLITHOPHORID(3,1)|NUTRIENT LITER(3,1)|OFFER BENEFIT(3,1)|POLYMERIC FLOCCULANT(3,1)|QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT(3,1)|REEMISSION RISK(3,1)|REPEAT TURNOVER(3,1)|RESIDUAL ALGAE(3,1)|SEAWATER ANALYSIS(3,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(3,1)|SEQUESTRATION SITE(3,1)|SHALLOW TROUGH(3,1)|SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY(3,1)|SUCTION CLARIFIER(3,1)|SUPERSATURATED CA(3,1)|TEMPORARY FLUCTUATION(3,1)|THICK CLAY LINING(3,1)|THICK SYNTHETIC LINER(3,1)|VALUABLE LAND(3,1)|WATERPROOF QUALITY WHITE PLASTIC LINING(3,1)|YELLOW PYROLYSIS(3,1)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(2,6)|WASTEWATER TREATMENT(2,5)|SEQUESTER CARBON(2,4)|BICARBONATE(2,3)|CONVEYER BELT(2,3)|DRIVING GAS(2,3)|LARGE SCALE LAND AQUACULTURE(2,3)|TURBINE(2,3)|AGRICULTURE(2,2)|AMBIGUITY(2,2)|COAGULANT(2,2)|COASTLINE(2,2)|GROWTH DENSITY(2,2)|INNER FOLIA(2,2)|LAYERED IMPROVED POLYETHYLENE(2,2)|MARINE SNOW(2,2)|NIGHT(2,2)|NITRITE(2,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP WATER(2,2)|OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE(2,2)|WATER VAPOR CONDENSATION(2,2)|ABSORB CO2(2,1)|ABUNDANT SUPPLY(2,1)|ALGAE SUPPLY(2,1)|ALGAL POND SIZE(2,1)|ALKALI MINERAL(2,1)|ARID LOCATION(2,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONTEXT(2,1)|CARPET THICKNESS(2,1)|CELL AGE(2,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(2,1)|COCCOLITH FORMATION(2,1)|COLD BLENDING(2,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS(2,1)|CONDENSATION CYCLE(2,1)|CONDITIONING PHASE(2,1)|COOL GREENHOUSE WATER VAPOR(2,1)|COVERING GREENHOUSE(2,1)|DESALINIZATION COMPONENT(2,1)|DISTRIBUTION MANIFOLD(2,1)|DOUBLE HDPE(2,1)|ECONOMICAL BENEFIT(2,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(2,1)|ENERGY EXTRACTION YIELD(2,1)|EQUIVALENT EMISSION(2,1)|EVAPORATOR(2,1)|EXCESS GLOBAL WARMING(2,1)|FAST FLUID BED REACTOR(2,1)|FORECAST(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES(2,1)|GREENHOUSE SOLAR HEATED WATER(2,1)|HOT SEAWATER(2,1)|INORGANIC CARBONATE(2,1)|IPCC SPECIAL REPORT(2,1)|KWHR YIELD(2,1)|LARGE AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(2,1)|MAJOR VARIANT(2,1)|MAXIMIZE PRODUCTION(2,1)|MAXIMUM ALGAL YIELD(2,1)|MAXIMUM REWARD(2,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(2,1)|MIGHT SEDIMENT(2,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(2,1)|NUTRIENT RICH COLD WATER(2,1)|OPERATING HOUR(2,1)|PH BALANCE(2,1)|PLENUM PRESS(2,1)|REMAINING SEAWATER(2,1)|SEAWATER FLOWING LAYER(2,1)|SEEDING POND WATER DISTRIBUTION(2,1)|SINGLE AQUACULTURE POND DEPTH(2,1)|SUN DRIED BIOMASS(2,1)|TRACK DEPTH(2,1)|UNDERGROUND GEOLOGICAL FORMATION(2,1)|UNMODIFIED NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION(2,1)|ABUNDANCE(1,1)|ADJACENT GREENHOUSE(1,1)|ADJUSTED SIZE SEEDING POND(1,1)|AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING(1,1)|ALGAE GROWTH RATE(1,1)|ALGALSLUDGE(1,1)|AQUACULTURE POND END(1,1)|ASSESSMENT(1,1)|BIO FOULING REDUCTION(1,1)|BIOFOULING(1,1)|CAPTURING SOLAR ENERGY(1,1)|CARBON CONTENT(1,1)|CARBON MARKET FUNCTION(1,1)|CARBON OFFSET MARKET(1,1)|CARBON OFFSET PAYMENT(1,1)|CENTURY(1,1)|CLIMATE(1,1)|CLOUD COVER(1,1)|CO2 EMISSION SOURCE(1,1)|COLD MIXING(1,1)|COLD WATER DISCHARGE BASIN(1,1)|CONCRETE RETENTION WALL(1,1)|CONTAMINANT(1,1)|CREATION(1,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN MASS(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN STORAGE(1,1)|DESIRABILITY(1,1)|DESIRABLE ALGAE(1,1)|DRIED COCCOLITH TOTAL VOLUME(1,1)|ECONOMICS(1,1)|EMISSION TRADING(1,1)|ENTRANCE(1,1)|EQUATORIAL WATER(1,1)|EXPONENTIAL CELL GROWTH(1,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(1,1)|FLUORAPATITE(1,1)||(US20120028326)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE(100,34)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,22)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(100,2)|SOLID(100,2)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(72,3)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI(57,9)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(56,2)|AQUACULTURE POND(55,82)|BRAARUDOSPHAERA BIGELOWI(46,4)|CALCIDISCUS LEPTOPORUS(45,4)|COCCOLITHUS BRAARUDII(44,4)|SYRACOSPHAERA PULCHRA(44,4)|LAND GREENHOUSE(43,3)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE(39,3)|ROBUST SEQUESTRATION(39,2)|ALGAE STRATIFICATION(39,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(38,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(37,21)|COLD SEAWATER(37,13)|LAND AQUACULTURE(37,12)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(35,5)|BLOOM AGING(31,1)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATE(30,2)|SEAWATER CONSTANT TURNOVER(30,1)|HEATING SEAWATER(28,3)|AQUACULTURE WATER AGITATION(27,1)|FAVORABLE GROWTH ENVIRONMENT(27,1)|EXOGENOUS NUTRIENT(26,4)|SEAWATER(23,57)|GREENHOUSE HEATED SEAWATER(22,1)|GREENHOUSE(21,63)|AQUACULTURE WATER(20,10)|ALGAE(17,43)|ALGAE GROWTH(17,3)|CONSTANT TURNOVER(17,1)|OPEN OCEAN COCCOLITHOPHORID(17,1)|STORAGE BURDEN(17,1)|SUBOPTIMAL TEMPERATURE(16,1)|LIMITED NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY(14,1)|SOLAR ENERGY(13,9)|ALGAE AQUACULTURE(13,4)|DISPOSAL(13,2)|SETTLING(13,1)|MICRO ORGANISM(12,2)|ENERGY GENERATION(12,1)|BIOCHAR(11,4)|CALM WATER(11,2)|BACTERIALLY DEGRADED CHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDE(11,1)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(11,1)|CONDENSATION(10,3)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE LAND AQUACULTURE(10,1)|DENSELY POPULATED AQUACULTURE POND(10,1)|SEAWATER LARGE VOLUME(10,1)|SOURCE WATER(9,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(9,1)|EXTRACTING HEAT ENERGY(9,1)|HARVESTED AGGREGATED ALGAL SLUDGE(9,1)|MAXIMUM AIR EXCHANGE(9,1)|ALGA GROWTH(8,7)|ALGAL BIOMASS(8,3)|AQUACULTURE POND ARRAY(8,2)|CARBON LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(8,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL GROWTH(8,2)|LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(8,2)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE POND(8,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(8,1)|COASTAL AQUACULTURE POND(8,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID LAND AQUACULTURE(8,1)|HARVEST FRESHWATER RESOURCE(8,1)|PART CONDENSER(8,1)|UNPOPULATED SEAWATER INOCULATION(8,1)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(7,3)|SEAWATER LITER(7,3)|FLOWING AQUACULTURE POND(7,2)|INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY ULLMANN ENCYCLOPEDIA(7,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP SEAWATER(7,2)|OCEAN AQUACULTURE(7,2)|MARINE ALGA LAND AQUACULTURE(7,1)|NONPRODUCTIVE COASTAL LAND(7,1)|COLD SEAWATER DEPTH(6,3)|AGGREGATED ALGAE(6,2)|ALGAE HARVESTING(6,2)|DEEP CONE THICKENER(6,2)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATION(6,2)|ALGAL HARVESTING EQUIPMENT SHARING(6,1)|COASTAL CORAL CONTEXT(6,1)|COASTAL DEEP SEAWATER(6,1)|COASTAL LAND AVAILABILITY(6,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE DENSITY CULTURE(6,1)|FREQUENT SEAWATER TURNOVER(6,1)|INOCULANT ALGAE GROWTH(6,1)|NATURAL ALGAE OCEAN BLOOM(6,1)|OPEN OCEAN(6,1)|SEEDING POND TIER(6,1)|OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE(5,3)|ALGAL PASTE(5,2)|COCCOLITH SEPARATION(5,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(5,2)|EARTHEN BARRIER(5,2)|HARVESTED ALGAE PROCESSING(5,2)|IMPERMEABLE PLASTIC LINING(5,2)|INTERCONNECTING TUNNEL(5,2)|WARM SEAWATER(5,2)|AGITATED HABITAT(5,1)|ALGAE INOCULANT(5,1)|ALGAE REMINERALISATION(5,1)|ALGAL SLURRY THICK CARPET(5,1)|AQUACULTURE POND FINAL STRETCH(5,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVER(5,1)|AQUACULTURE SEAWATER(5,1)|BIOCHAR REMNANT(5,1)|CALIFORNIAN PENINSULA(5,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL BLOOM(5,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID BLOOM(5,1)|COOL FRESHWATER CONDENSER(5,1)|COOLER DEEP SEAWATER(5,1)|DEEP COASTAL SEAWATER(5,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI CELL(5,1)|EMILIANIA BLOOM(5,1)|FERTILIZER HYDROXYLAPATITE(5,1)|GREENHOUSE INTENSE SOLAR RADIATION(5,1)|GREENHOUSE PRETREATMENT(5,1)|GREENHOUSE TUNNEL SAVE(5,1)|INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(5,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE DAY(5,1)|MATURE ALGAE AGGREGATE(5,1)|MINERAL ENRICHED SEAWATER(5,1)|MINERAL SEQUESTRATION TRAP CARBON(5,1)|NARROW COASTAL BAY(5,1)|OCEAN ALGAL BLOOM(5,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|OCEAN THERMOCLINE(5,1)|SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(5,1)|SEAWATER PRETREATMENT(5,1)|SEED ALGAE GROWTH(5,1)|SHRIMP AQUACULTURE POND(5,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN SITE(5,1)|OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION(4,109)|DAYLIGHT HOUR(4,3)|LARGE VOLUME(4,3)|ANIMAL FEEDSTOCK(4,2)|CO2 TON(4,2)|HEATED SURFACE WATER(4,2)|SEAWATER SOLAR HEATING(4,2)|UV IR OUTER FOLIA(4,2)|ALGAE AGGREGATION(4,1)|ALGAE BLOOM(4,1)|ALGAL AGGREGATE(4,1)|AQUACULTURE BEND(4,1)|AQUACULTURE FACILITY(4,1)|AQUACULTURE NEGATIVE IMPACT(4,1)|BACTERIAL COLONIZATION(4,1)|BIOMASS COMPETITION(4,1)|CALCIFYING ORGANISM(4,1)|CATIONIC FLOCCULANT(4,1)|CLAY GEOMEMBRANE(4,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|COCCOLITH TON(4,1)|COCCOLITHOVIRUS GROWTH(4,1)|CONDITIONED SEAWATER(4,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM STOICHIOMETRY(4,1)|EXPERIENCE EXTRAPOLATION(4,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATION(4,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATOR(4,1)|GREENHOUSE CONDENSATION(4,1)|HARVEST ALGAE(4,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE(4,1)|NUTRIENT LITER(4,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(4,1)|SOLAR HEATED SEAWATER(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(3,6)|DOUBLING(3,3)|LANDFILL(3,3)|PIPELINE(3,3)|CA DISSOLUTION(3,2)|GEOGRAPHY(3,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING ORGANISM(3,2)|REMAINING ORGANIC BIOMASS(3,2)|ABUNDANT RESOURCE(3,1)|ALGAE SPECIES(3,1)|ALGAE YIELD(3,1)|AMBIENT DESERT(3,1)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(3,1)|AQUACULTURE PARAMETER(3,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SECTION(3,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SHADED SECTION(3,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER TRANSPARENCY(3,1)|BLENDING GREENHOUSE(3,1)|BUBBLE CURTAIN ROW(3,1)|CALCIUM RICH MINERAL(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTERING COCCOLITHOPHORID(3,1)|CELL CROSSLINKING(3,1)|CHLORAPATITE CA(3,1)|CIRCULAR CENTRALLY DRIVEN CLARIFIER(3,1)|CO2 EMITTING INDUSTRY(3,1)|CO2 SEQUESTERED RANGE TON(3,1)|COCCOLITH YIELD(3,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID CELL(3,1)|COLD DEEP SEAWATER(3,1)|COMPETING ORGANISM(3,1)|DELETERIOUS ORGANISM(3,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM MINERAL(3,1)|DIVISION HAPTOPHYTE(3,1)|DRIED ALGAE(3,1)|EXTRACTING BIOMASS(3,1)|FAVORABLE GEOLOGICAL CONDITION(3,1)|FEEDING MARINE INVERTEBRATE(3,1)|FERTILIZER CALCIUM NITRATE(3,1)|FINE BUBBLE CURTAIN ARRAY(3,1)|FOUR SEEDING POND(3,1)|FRESHWATER GENERATION CYCLE(3,1)|FRESHWATER YIELD(3,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|GREENHOUSE EXIT(3,1)|GREENHOUSE PIPE(3,1)|GREENHOUSE SPAN(3,1)|GROWING ALGAE(3,1)|INOCULANT CELL DENSITY(3,1)|INSUFFICIENT SUNLIGHT(3,1)|LAND SHAPING(3,1)|MARINE INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL(3,1)|MAXIMIZE GROWTH(3,1)|METHANEDIONE EXCESS(3,1)|MINERAL CARBONATE(3,1)|MODEL COCCOLITHOPHORID(3,1)|OFFER BENEFIT(3,1)|POLYMERIC FLOCCULANT(3,1)|QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT(3,1)|REEMISSION RISK(3,1)|REPEAT TURNOVER(3,1)|RESIDUAL ALGAE(3,1)|SEAWATER ANALYSIS(3,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(3,1)|SEQUESTRATION SITE(3,1)|SHALLOW TROUGH(3,1)|SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY(3,1)|SUCTION CLARIFIER(3,1)|SUPERSATURATED CA(3,1)|TEMPORARY FLUCTUATION(3,1)|THICK CLAY LINING(3,1)|THICK SYNTHETIC LINER(3,1)|VALUABLE LAND(3,1)|WATERPROOF QUALITY WHITE PLASTIC LINING(3,1)|YELLOW PYROLYSIS(3,1)|WASTEWATER TREATMENT(2,5)|CELL LITER(2,4)|SEQUESTER CARBON(2,4)|BICARBONATE(2,3)|CONVEYER BELT(2,3)|DRIVING GAS(2,3)|LARGE SCALE LAND AQUACULTURE(2,3)|TURBINE(2,3)|AGRICULTURE(2,2)|AMBIGUITY(2,2)|COAGULANT(2,2)|COASTLINE(2,2)|GROWTH DENSITY(2,2)|INNER FOLIA(2,2)|LAYERED IMPROVED POLYETHYLENE(2,2)|MARINE SNOW(2,2)|NIGHT(2,2)|NITRITE(2,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP WATER(2,2)|OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE(2,2)|WATER VAPOR CONDENSATION(2,2)|ABSORB CO2(2,1)|ABUNDANT SUPPLY(2,1)|ALGAE SUPPLY(2,1)|ALGAL POND SIZE(2,1)|ALKALI MINERAL(2,1)|ARID LOCATION(2,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONTEXT(2,1)|CARPET THICKNESS(2,1)|CELL AGE(2,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(2,1)|COCCOLITH FORMATION(2,1)|COLD BLENDING(2,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS(2,1)|CONDENSATION CYCLE(2,1)|CONDITIONING PHASE(2,1)|COOL GREENHOUSE WATER VAPOR(2,1)|COVERING GREENHOUSE(2,1)|DESALINIZATION COMPONENT(2,1)|DISTRIBUTION MANIFOLD(2,1)|DOUBLE HDPE(2,1)|ECONOMICAL BENEFIT(2,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(2,1)|ENERGY EXTRACTION YIELD(2,1)|EQUIVALENT EMISSION(2,1)|EVAPORATOR(2,1)|EXCESS GLOBAL WARMING(2,1)|FAST FLUID BED REACTOR(2,1)|FORECAST(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES(2,1)|GREENHOUSE SOLAR HEATED WATER(2,1)|HOT SEAWATER(2,1)|INORGANIC CARBONATE(2,1)|IPCC SPECIAL REPORT(2,1)|KWHR YIELD(2,1)|LARGE AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(2,1)|MAJOR VARIANT(2,1)|MAXIMIZE PRODUCTION(2,1)|MAXIMUM ALGAL YIELD(2,1)|MAXIMUM REWARD(2,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(2,1)|MIGHT SEDIMENT(2,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(2,1)|NUTRIENT RICH COLD WATER(2,1)|OPERATING HOUR(2,1)|PH BALANCE(2,1)|PLENUM PRESS(2,1)|REMAINING SEAWATER(2,1)|SEAWATER FLOWING LAYER(2,1)|SEEDING POND WATER DISTRIBUTION(2,1)|SINGLE AQUACULTURE POND DEPTH(2,1)|SUN DRIED BIOMASS(2,1)|TRACK DEPTH(2,1)|UNDERGROUND GEOLOGICAL FORMATION(2,1)|UNMODIFIED NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION(2,1)|ABUNDANCE(1,1)|ADJACENT GREENHOUSE(1,1)|ADJUSTED SIZE SEEDING POND(1,1)|AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING(1,1)|ALGAE GROWTH RATE(1,1)|ALGALSLUDGE(1,1)|AQUACULTURE POND END(1,1)|ASSESSMENT(1,1)|BIO FOULING REDUCTION(1,1)|BIOFOULING(1,1)|CAPTURING SOLAR ENERGY(1,1)|CARBON CONTENT(1,1)|CARBON MARKET FUNCTION(1,1)|CARBON OFFSET MARKET(1,1)|CARBON OFFSET PAYMENT(1,1)|CENTURY(1,1)|CLIMATE(1,1)|CLOUD COVER(1,1)|CO2 EMISSION SOURCE(1,1)|COLD MIXING(1,1)|COLD WATER DISCHARGE BASIN(1,1)|CONCRETE RETENTION WALL(1,1)|CONTAMINANT(1,1)|CREATION(1,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN MASS(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN STORAGE(1,1)|DESIRABILITY(1,1)|DESIRABLE ALGAE(1,1)|DETACHMENT(1,1)|DRIED COCCOLITH TOTAL VOLUME(1,1)|ECONOMICS(1,1)|EMISSION TRADING(1,1)|ENTRANCE(1,1)|EQUATORIAL WATER(1,1)|EXPONENTIAL CELL GROWTH(1,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(1,1)|FLUORAPATITE(1,1)|FRAGMENTATION(1,1)||(WO2010/049687)|OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION(100,101)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(100,2)|ENERGY GENERATION(100,1)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(100,1)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|SOLID(100,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE(75,19)|LAND GREENHOUSE(65,3)|COLD SEAWATER(55,13)|ROBUST SEQUESTRATION(54,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(53,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(50,4)|HEATING SEAWATER(42,3)|LAND AQUACULTURE(36,9)|SEAWATER(34,52)|BRAARUDOSPHAERA BIGELOWI(34,2)|CALCIDISCUS LEPTOPORUS(33,2)|COCCOLITHUS BRAARUDII(32,2)|EXOGENOUS NUTRIENT(25,3)|ALGAE(21,38)|SOLAR ENERGY(20,9)|ALGAE AQUACULTURE(20,3)|BIOCHAR(19,2)|NATURAL CARBON FIXATION(19,1)|BACTERIALLY DEGRADED CHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDE(15,1)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(15,1)|SOURCE WATER(14,3)|DENSELY POPULATED AQUACULTURE POND(14,1)|HARVESTED AGGREGATED ALGAL SLUDGE(13,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL GROWTH(12,2)|CARBON LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,1)|COASTAL AQUACULTURE POND(12,1)|LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,1)|UNPOPULATED SEAWATER INOCULATION(12,1)|ALGAL BIOMASS(11,3)|AQUACULTURE POND ARRAY(11,2)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE POND(11,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(11,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID LAND AQUACULTURE(11,1)|HARVEST FRESHWATER RESOURCE(11,1)|ALGA GROWTH(10,5)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(10,3)|SEAWATER LITER(10,3)|EMILIANIA BLOOM(10,2)|FLOWING AQUACULTURE POND(10,2)|INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY ULLMANN ENCYCLOPEDIA(10,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP SEAWATER(10,2)|OCEAN AQUACULTURE(10,2)|MARINE ALGA LAND AQUACULTURE(10,1)|NONPRODUCTIVE COASTAL LAND(10,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(9,18)|CARBON FIXATION(9,3)|ALGAE HARVESTING(9,2)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI STRAIN(9,1)|NATURAL ALGAE OCEAN BLOOM(9,1)|SEEDING POND TIER(9,1)|OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE(8,3)|AGGREGATED ALGAE(8,2)|DEEP CONE THICKENER(8,2)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATION(8,2)|WARM SEAWATER(8,2)|ALGAL HARVESTING EQUIPMENT SHARING(8,1)|COASTAL CORAL CONTEXT(8,1)|COASTAL DEEP SEAWATER(8,1)|COASTAL LAND AVAILABILITY(8,1)|FREQUENT SEAWATER TURNOVER(8,1)|INOCULANT ALGAE GROWTH(8,1)|ALGAL PASTE(7,2)|COCCOLITH SEPARATION(7,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(7,2)|EARTHEN BARRIER(7,2)|HARVESTED ALGAE PROCESSING(7,2)|IMPERMEABLE PLASTIC LINING(7,2)|INTERCONNECTING TUNNEL(7,2)|AGITATED HABITAT(7,1)|ALGAE INOCULANT(7,1)|ALGAL SLURRY THICK CARPET(7,1)|AQUACULTURE POND FINAL STRETCH(7,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVER(7,1)|AQUACULTURE SEAWATER(7,1)|BIOCHAR REMNANT(7,1)|CALIFORNIAN PENINSULA(7,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL BLOOM(7,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID BLOOM(7,1)|COCCOLKHOPHORID ALGAE(7,1)|COOL FRESHWATER CONDENSER(7,1)|COOLER DEEP SEAWATER(7,1)|DEEP COASTAL SEAWATER(7,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI CELL(7,1)|FERTILIZER HYDROXYLAPATITE(7,1)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATE(7,1)|GREENHOUSE INTENSE SOLAR RADIATION(7,1)|GREENHOUSE PRETREATMENT(7,1)|GREENHOUSE TUNNEL SAVE(7,1)|INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(7,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE DAY(7,1)|MATURE ALGAE AGGREGATE(7,1)|MINERAL ENRICHED SEAWATER(7,1)|MINERAL SEQUESTRATION TRAP CARBON(7,1)|NARROW COASTAL BAY(7,1)|OCEAN ALGAL BLOOM(7,1)|OCEAN THERMOCLINE(7,1)|SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(7,1)|SEAWATER PRETREATMENT(7,1)|SEED ALGAE GROWTH(7,1)|SHRIMP AQUACULTURE POND(7,1)|SYRACOSPHAERA PULCHRA(7,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN SITE(7,1)|DAYLIGHT HOUR(6,3)|ANIMAL FEEDSTOCK(6,2)|HEATED SURFACE WATER(6,2)|ALGAE AGGREGATION(6,1)|ALGAE BLOOM(6,1)|ALGAL AGGREGATE(6,1)|ALGAL POND(6,1)|AQUACULTURE BEND(6,1)|AQUACULTURE FACILITY(6,1)|AQUACULTURE NEGATIVE IMPACT(6,1)|BACTERIAL COLONIZATION(6,1)|BIOMASS COMPETITION(6,1)|CALCIFYING ORGANISM(6,1)|CATIONIC FLOCCULANT(6,1)|CLAY GEOMEMBRANE(6,1)|COCCOLITH TON(6,1)|COCCOLITHOVIRUS GROWTH(6,1)|CONDITIONED SEAWATER(6,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM STOICHIOMETRY(6,1)|EXPERIENCE EXTRAPOLATION(6,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATION(6,1)|FINE BUBBLE AERATOR(6,1)|GREENHOUSE CONDENSATION(6,1)|HARVEST ALGAE(6,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE(6,1)|NUTRIENT LITER(6,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(6,1)|SOLAR HEATED SEAWATER(6,1)|CA DISSOLUTION(5,2)|GEOGRAPHY(5,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING ORGANISM(5,2)|REMAINING ORGANIC BIOMASS(5,2)|SEAWATER SOLAR HEATING(5,2)|ABUNDANT RESOURCE(5,1)|AMBIENT DESERT(5,1)|AQUACULTURE PARAMETER(5,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SHADED SECTION(5,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER TRANSPARENCY(5,1)|BLENDING GREENHOUSE(5,1)|CALCIUM RICH MINERAL(5,1)|CHLORAPATITE CA(5,1)|CO2 EMITTING INDUSTRY(5,1)|COA TON(5,1)|COLD DEEP SEAWATER(5,1)|COLD SEAWATER DEPTH(5,1)|COMPETING ORGANISM(5,1)|DELETERIOUS ORGANISM(5,1)|DIVISION HAPTOPHYTE(5,1)|EXTRACTING BIOMASS(5,1)|FEEDING MARINE INVERTEBRATE(5,1)|FRESHWATER GENERATION CYCLE(5,1)|GREENHOUSE EXIT(5,1)|INSUFFICIENT SUNLIGHT(5,1)|LAND SHAPING(5,1)|MARINE INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL(5,1)|MAXIMIZE GROWTH(5,1)|METHANEDIONE EXCESS(5,1)|MODEL COCCOLITHOPHORID(5,1)|NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY(5,1)|POLYMERIC FLOCCULANT(5,1)|QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT(5,1)|REEMISSION RISK(5,1)|REPEAT TURNOVER(5,1)|SEQUESTRATION SITE(5,1)|SUCTION CLARIFIER(5,1)|SUPERSATURATED CA(5,1)|TEMPORARY FLUCTUATION(5,1)|THICK CLAY LINING(5,1)|WATERPROOF QUALITY WHITE PLASTIC LINING(5,1)|YELLOW PYROLYSIS(5,1)|DOUBLING(4,3)|LANDFILL(4,3)|PIPELINE(4,3)|ALGAE SPECIES(4,1)|ALGAE YIELD(4,1)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(4,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SECTION(4,1)|BUBBLE CURTAIN ROW(4,1)|CARBON SEQUESTERING COCCOLITHOPHORID(4,1)|CELL CROSSLINKING(4,1)|CIRCULAR CENTRALLY DRIVEN CLARIFIER(4,1)|CO2 SEQUESTERED RANGE TON(4,1)|CO2 TON(4,1)|COCCOLITH YIELD(4,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID CELL(4,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM MINERAL(4,1)|DRIED ALGAE(4,1)|FERTILIZER CALCIUM NITRATE(4,1)|FINE BUBBLE CURTAIN ARRAY(4,1)|FOUR SEEDING POND(4,1)|FRESHWATER YIELD(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|GREENHOUSE PIPE(4,1)|GREENHOUSE REGION PLUS(4,1)|GROWING ALGAE(4,1)|INOCULANT CELL DENSITY(4,1)|MINERAL CARBONATE(4,1)|OFFER BENEFIT(4,1)|RESIDUAL ALGAE(4,1)|SEAWATER ANALYSIS(4,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(4,1)|SHALLOW TROUGH(4,1)|SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY(4,1)|THICK SYNTHETIC LINER(4,1)|UV IR OUTER FOLIA(4,1)|VALUABLE LAND(4,1)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(3,5)|WASTEWATER TREATMENT(3,5)|CELL LITER(3,4)|SEQUESTER CARBON(3,4)|CONVEYER BELT(3,3)|DRIVING GAS(3,3)|LARGE SCALE LAND AQUACULTURE(3,3)|TURBINE(3,3)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|AMBIGUITY(3,2)|COAGULANT(3,2)|COASTLINE(3,2)|GROWTH DENSITY(3,2)|INNER FOLIA(3,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(3,2)|MARINE SNOW(3,2)|NIGHT(3,2)|NITRITE(3,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP WATER(3,2)|OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE(3,2)|UEHARA(3,2)|WATER VAPOR CONDENSATION(3,2)|ABSORB CO2(3,1)|ABUNDANT SUPPLY(3,1)|ALGAE SUPPLY(3,1)|ALKALI MINERAL(3,1)|ALLDREDGE AL(3,1)|BICARBONATE ION(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONTEXT(3,1)|CARPET THICKNESS(3,1)|CELL AGE(3,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(3,1)|COCCOLITH FORMATION(3,1)|COLD BLENDING(3,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS(3,1)|CONDENSATION CYCLE(3,1)|CONDITIONING PHASE(3,1)|COOL GREENHOUSE WATER VAPOR(3,1)|COVERING GREENHOUSE(3,1)|DESALINIZATION COMPONENT(3,1)|DISTRIBUTION MANIFOLD(3,1)|DOUBLE HDPE(3,1)|ECONOMICAL BENEFIT(3,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(3,1)|ENERGY EXTRACTION YIELD(3,1)|EQUIVALENT EMISSION(3,1)|EVAPORATOR(3,1)|EXCESS GLOBAL WARMING(3,1)|FAST FLUID BED REACTOR(3,1)|FORECAST(3,1)|FRESHW ATEE(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES(3,1)|GREENHOUSE SOLAR HEATED WATER(3,1)|HOT SEAWATER(3,1)|INORGANIC CARBONATE(3,1)|IPCC SPECIAL REPORT(3,1)|KWHR YIELD(3,1)|LARGE AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(3,1)|MAJOR VARIANT(3,1)|MAXIMIZE PRODUCTION(3,1)|MAXIMUM ALGAL YIELD(3,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(3,1)|MIGHT SEDIMENT(3,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(3,1)|NUTRIENT RICH COLD WATER(3,1)|OPERATING HOUR(3,1)|PH BALANCE(3,1)|PLENUM PRESS(3,1)|REMAINING SEAWATER(3,1)|SEAWATER FLOWING LAYER(3,1)|SEEDING POND WATER DISTRIBUTION(3,1)|SINGLE AQUACULTURE POND DEPTH(3,1)|SUN DRIED BIOMASS(3,1)|TRACK DEPTH(3,1)|UNDERGROUND GEOLOGICAL FORMATION(3,1)|UNMODIFIED NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION(3,1)|ABUNDANCE(2,1)|ADJACENT GREENHOUSE(2,1)|ADJUSTED SIZE SEEDING POND(2,1)|AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING(2,1)|ALGAE GROWTH RATE(2,1)|ALGAKSLUDGE(2,1)|AQUACULTURE POND END(2,1)|ASSESSMENT(2,1)|BIO FOULING REDUCTION(2,1)|BIOFOULING(2,1)|CALM WATER(2,1)|CAPTURING SOLAR ENERGY(2,1)|CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|CARBON MARKET FUNCTION(2,1)|CARBON OFFSET MARKET(2,1)|CARBON OFFSET PAYMENT(2,1)|CENTURY(2,1)|CLIMATE(2,1)|CLOUD COVER(2,1)|CO2 EMISSION SOURCE(2,1)|COLD MIXING(2,1)|COLD WATER DISCHARGE BASIN(2,1)|CONCRETE RETENTION WALL(2,1)|CONTAMINANT(2,1)|CREATION(2,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN MASS(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN STORAGE(2,1)|DESIRABILITY(2,1)|DESIRABLE ALGAE(2,1)|DETACHMENT(2,1)|DRIED COCCOLITH TOTAL VOLUME(2,1)|ECONOMICS(2,1)|EMISSION TRADING(2,1)|ENERGY EXTRACTION FREQUENCY(2,1)|ENTRANCE(2,1)|EQUATORIAL WATER(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL CELL GROWTH(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(2,1)|FLUORAPATITE(2,1)|FRAGMENTATION(2,1)|GEOFABRICS(2,1)|GEOLOGICAL FORMATION DEPTH(2,1)|GRADE CARBON OFFSET(2,1)|GREENHOUSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(2,1)||(GB2464763)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(100,2)|SOLID(100,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE(91,22)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(81,2)|AQUACULTURE POND(66,75)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(62,3)|LAND GREENHOUSE(62,3)|ALGAE REMINERALISATION(59,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(57,18)|ROBUST SEQUESTRATION(56,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(52,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(50,4)|SEAWATER(43,57)|COLD SEAWATER(35,10)|ALGA GROWTH(35,7)|COLD SEAWATER DEPTH(33,3)|AQUACULTURE(32,22)|ALGAE(31,38)|ECONOMICAL BENEFIT(29,1)|HEATING SEAWATER(28,2)|SEAWATER DEPTH(26,4)|SEEDING POND(25,17)|EXOGENOUS NUTRIENT(25,3)|EQUATORIAL WATER(24,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(23,21)|ECONOMICS(22,1)|ALGAE AQUACULTURE(19,4)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(16,1)|SEA(15,10)|SOLAR ENERGY(15,9)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE LAND AQUACULTURE(15,1)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(13,6)|SOURCE WATER(13,3)|ALGAE MANIPULATING OCEAN BLOOM(13,1)|ALGAL BIOMASS(12,3)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL GROWTH(12,2)|CARBON LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,1)|LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,1)|UNPOPULATED SEAWATER INOCULATION(12,1)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATION(11,3)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(11,3)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVER(11,2)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE POND(11,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(11,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID LAND AQUACULTURE(11,1)|HARVEST FRESHWATER RESOURCE(11,1)|OCEAN COCCOLITHOPHID BLOOM(11,1)|WARM SEAWATER(10,3)|EMILIANIA BLOOM(10,2)|FLOWING AQUACULTURE POND(10,2)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATE(10,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP SEAWATER(10,2)|OCEAN AQUACULTURE(10,2)|GEOGRAPHIC AREA(10,1)|HARVESTED AGGREGATED ALGAE(10,1)|MARINE ALGA LAND AQUACULTURE(10,1)|NONPRODUCTIVE COASTAL LAND(10,1)|IMPERMEABLE PLASTIC LINING(9,3)|ALGAE HARVESTING(9,2)|FINE BUBBLE AERATION(9,2)|GEOTHERMAL POWER(9,2)|SEAWATER LITER(9,2)|ALGAL HARVESTING EQUIPMENT SHARING(9,1)|COASTAL DEEP SEAWATER(9,1)|COASTAL LAND AVAILABILITY(9,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE DENSITY CULTURE(9,1)|FREQUENT SEAWATER TURNOVER(9,1)|INOCULANT ALGAE GROWTH(9,1)|HEATED WATER(8,6)|OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE(8,3)|AQUACULTURE POND ARRAY(8,1)|BRAARUDOSPHAERA BIGELOWI(8,1)|CALCIDISCUS LEPTOPORUS(8,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL BLOOM(8,1)|COOL FRESHWATER CONDENSER(8,1)|DEEP COASTAL SEAWATER(8,1)|FERTILIZER HYDROXYLAPATITE(8,1)|GREENHOUSE TUNNEL SAVE(8,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE DAY(8,1)|MATURE ALGAE AGGREGATE(8,1)|MINERAL ENRICHED SEAWATER(8,1)|PREVENT RELEASE BACK(8,1)|CLAY LINING(7,2)|COCCOLITH SEPARATION(7,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(7,2)|EARTHEN BARRIER(7,2)|HARVESTED ALGAE PROCESSING(7,2)|INTERCONNECTING TUNNEL(7,2)|AGITATED HABITAT(7,1)|ALGAE INOCULANT(7,1)|ALGAE STRATIFICATION(7,1)|COCCOLITHUS BRAARUDII(7,1)|COOLER DEEP SEAWATER(7,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI CELL(7,1)|GREENHOUSE INTENSE SOLAR RADIATION(7,1)|GREENHOUSE PRETREATMENT(7,1)|INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY ULLMANN ENCYCLOPEDIA(7,1)|INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(7,1)|MINERAL SEQUESTRATION TRAP CARBON(7,1)|NARROW COASTAL BAY(7,1)|OCEAN ALGAL BLOOM(7,1)|OCEAN THERMOCLINE(7,1)|SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(7,1)|SEAWATER PRETREATMENT(7,1)|SEED ALGAE GROWTH(7,1)|SYRACOSPHAERA PULCHRA(7,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN SITE(7,1)|DAYLIGHT HOUR(6,3)|ANIMAL FEEDSTOCK(6,2)|CO2 TON(6,2)|UV IR OUTER FOLIA(6,2)|ALGAE AGGREGATION(6,1)|ALGAL AGGREGATE(6,1)|AQUACULTURE BEND(6,1)|AQUACULTURE FACILITY(6,1)|BIOMASS COMPETITION(6,1)|CALCIFYING ORGANISM(6,1)|COCCOLITH TON(6,1)|COCCOLITHOVIRUS GROWTH(6,1)|CONDITIONED SEAWATER(6,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM STOICHIOMETRY(6,1)|EXPERIENCE EXTRAPOLATION(6,1)|GREENHOUSE CONDENSATION(6,1)|HDPE SYNTHETIC LINER(6,1)|HUXLEYI BIOMASS(6,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE(6,1)|NUTRIENT LITER(6,1)|OPTIMUM GROWTH COCCOLITHOPHORID(6,1)|RICH COLD SEAWATER(6,1)|SLUDGE THICK CARPET(6,1)|SOLAR HEATED SEAWATER(6,1)|THICK CLAY GEOMEMBRANE(6,1)|OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION(5,106)|CA DISSOLUTION(5,2)|CALCIUM MINERAL(5,2)|GEOGRAPHY(5,2)|REMAINING ORGANIC BIOMASS(5,2)|SEAWATER SOLAR HEATING(5,2)|ABUNDANT RESOURCE(5,1)|AQUACULTURE PARAMETER(5,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SHADED SECTION(5,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER AGITATION(5,1)|BLENDING GREENHOUSE(5,1)|BLOOM AGING(5,1)|CALCIUM RICH MINERAL(5,1)|CHLORAPATITE CA(5,1)|CO2 EMITTING INDUSTRY(5,1)|COLD DEEP SEAWATER(5,1)|COMPETING ORGANISM(5,1)|DELETERIOUS ORGANISM(5,1)|DIVISION HAPTOPHYTE(5,1)|EXTRACTING BIOMASS(5,1)|FAVORABLE GEOLOGICAL CONDITION(5,1)|FAVORABLE GROWTH ENVIRONMENT(5,1)|FEEDING MARINE INVERTEBRATE(5,1)|FRESHWATER GENERATION CYCLE(5,1)|GREENHOUSE EXIT(5,1)|GREENHOUSE SPAN(5,1)|INSUFFICIENT SUNLIGHT(5,1)|LAND SHAPING(5,1)|MARINE INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL(5,1)|MAXIMIZE GROWTH(5,1)|METHANEDIONE EXCESS(5,1)|MODEL COCCOLITHOPHORID(5,1)|POLYMERIC FLOCCULANT(5,1)|QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT(5,1)|REEMISSION RISK(5,1)|REPEAT TURNOVER(5,1)|SEAWATER CONSTANT TURNOVER(5,1)|SEQUESTRATION SITE(5,1)|TEMPORARY FLUCTUATION(5,1)|DOUBLING(4,3)|LANDFILL(4,3)|PIPELINE(4,3)|ALGAE YIELD(4,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SECTION(4,1)|CARBON SEQUESTERING COCCOLITHOPHORID(4,1)|CO2 SEQUESTERED RANGE TON(4,1)|COCCOLITH YIELD(4,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID CELL(4,1)|DRIED ALGAE(4,1)|FERTILIZER CALCIUM NITRATE(4,1)|FOUR SEEDING POND(4,1)|FRESHWATER YIELD(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|GREENHOUSE HEATED SEAWATER(4,1)|GROWING ALGAE(4,1)|HEATED SURFACE WATER(4,1)|INOCULANT CELL DENSITY(4,1)|MINERAL CARBONATE(4,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(4,1)|OFFER BENEFIT(4,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(4,1)|SHALLOW TROUGH(4,1)|SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY(4,1)|THICK SYNTHETIC LINER(4,1)|VALUABLE LAND(4,1)|CELL LITER(3,4)|SEQUESTER CARBON(3,4)|WASTEWATER TREATMENT(3,4)|DRIVING GAS(3,3)|LARGE SCALE LAND AQUACULTURE(3,3)|TURBINE(3,3)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|AMBIGUITY(3,2)|CALM WATER(3,2)|COASTLINE(3,2)|DISPOSAL(3,2)|GROWTH DENSITY(3,2)|INNER FOLIA(3,2)|LAYERED IMPROVED POLYETHYLENE(3,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(3,2)|NIGHT(3,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP WATER(3,2)|REMNANT(3,2)|WARM SURFACE WATER(3,2)|WATER VAPOR CONDENSATION(3,2)|ABSORB CO2(3,1)|ABUNDANT SUPPLY(3,1)|ALGAE SUPPLY(3,1)|ALGAL POND SIZE(3,1)|ALKALI MINERAL(3,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER NEGATIVE IMPACT(3,1)|ARID LOCATION(3,1)|BED DRYING(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONTEXT(3,1)|CARPET THICKNESS(3,1)|COCCOLITH FORMATION(3,1)|COLD BLENDING(3,1)|CONDITIONING PHASE(3,1)|COOL GREENHOUSE WATER VAPOR(3,1)|COVERING GREENHOUSE(3,1)|DESALINIZATION COMPONENT(3,1)|DISTRIBUTION MANIFOLD(3,1)|DOUBLE HDPE(3,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(3,1)|ENERGY EXTRACTION YIELD(3,1)|EQUIVALENT EMISSION(3,1)|EVAPORATOR(3,1)|EXCESS GLOBAL WARMING(3,1)|FORECAST(3,1)|GREENHOUSE FINAL(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES(3,1)|GREENHOUSE SOLAR HEATED WATER(3,1)|HUXLEYI LARGE AGGREGATE(3,1)|INORGANIC CARBONATE(3,1)|IPCC SPECIAL REPORT(3,1)|KWHR YIELD(3,1)|MAXIMIZE PRODUCTION(3,1)|MAXIMUM ALGAL YIELD(3,1)|MAXIMUM REWARD(3,1)|MICROBIOFOULING(3,1)|MIGHT SEDIMENT(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING ORGANISM(3,1)|NUTRIENT RICH COLD WATER(3,1)|PH BALANCE(3,1)|PLENUM PRESS(3,1)|REMAINING SEAWATER(3,1)|SEAWATER FLOWING LAYER(3,1)|SEEDING POND WATER DISTRIBUTION(3,1)|SINGLE AQUACULTURE POND DEPTH(3,1)|SUN DRIED BIOMASS(3,1)|TRACK DEPTH(3,1)|UNDERGROUND GEOLOGICAL FORMATION(3,1)|UNMODIFIED NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION(3,1)|ABUNDANCE(2,1)|ADJACENT GREENHOUSE(2,1)|ADJUSTED SIZE SEEDING POND(2,1)|AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING(2,1)|AQUACULTURE POND END(2,1)|ASSESSMENT(2,1)|BIO FOULING REDUCTION(2,1)|CAPTURING SOLAR ENERGY(2,1)|CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|CARBON MARKET FUNCTION(2,1)|CARBON OFFSET PAYMENT(2,1)|CENTURY(2,1)|CLIMATE(2,1)|CLOUD COVER(2,1)|CO2 EMISSION SOURCE(2,1)|CO2 STORAGE(2,1)|COAGULANT(2,1)|COCOLITH(2,1)|COLD MIXING(2,1)|COLD WATER DISCHARGE BASIN(2,1)|CONCRETE RETENTION WALL(2,1)|CONTAMINANT(2,1)|COUNTERMEASURE(2,1)|CREATION(2,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN MASS(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN STORAGE(2,1)|DESERT(2,1)|DESIRABILITY(2,1)|DESIRABLE ALGAE(2,1)|DETACHMENT(2,1)|DRIED BIOMASS TOTAL VOLUME(2,1)|EMISSION TRADING(2,1)|ENTRANCE(2,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL CELL GROWTH(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(2,1)|FLOCCULANT LOW(2,1)|FLOCCULENT BUBBLE ADDITION(2,1)|FLUORAPATITE(2,1)|FOUR MAJOR VARIANT(2,1)|FRAGMENTATION(2,1)|GEOLOGICAL FORMATION DEPTH(2,1)|GRADE CARBON OFFSET(2,1)|GREENHOUSE COMBINATION PLUS(2,1)|GREENHOUSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS CO2(2,1)|GROWTH ENHANCEMENT(2,1)||(GB2464763)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(100,2)|SOLID(100,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE(91,22)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(81,2)|AQUACULTURE POND(66,75)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(62,3)|LAND GREENHOUSE(62,3)|ALGAE REMINERALISATION(59,1)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVE(57,18)|ROBUST SEQUESTRATION(56,1)|OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(52,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE AQUACULTURE(50,4)|SEAWATER(43,57)|COLD SEAWATER(35,10)|ALGA GROWTH(35,7)|COLD SEAWATER DEPTH(33,3)|AQUACULTURE(32,22)|ALGAE(31,38)|ECONOMICAL BENEFIT(29,1)|HEATING SEAWATER(28,2)|SEAWATER DEPTH(26,4)|SEEDING POND(25,17)|EXOGENOUS NUTRIENT(25,3)|EQUATORIAL WATER(24,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(23,21)|ECONOMICS(22,1)|ALGAE AQUACULTURE(19,4)|LAND COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL AQUACULTURE(16,1)|SEA(15,10)|SOLAR ENERGY(15,9)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE LAND AQUACULTURE(15,1)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(13,6)|SOURCE WATER(13,3)|ALGAE MANIPULATING OCEAN BLOOM(13,1)|ALGAL BIOMASS(12,3)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL GROWTH(12,2)|CARBON LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,1)|LONG TERM SEQUESTRATION(12,1)|UNPOPULATED SEAWATER INOCULATION(12,1)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATION(11,3)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(11,3)|AQUACULTURE PRESERVER(11,2)|ALGAL AQUACULTURE POND(11,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(11,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID LAND AQUACULTURE(11,1)|HARVEST FRESHWATER RESOURCE(11,1)|OCEAN COCCOLITHOPHID BLOOM(11,1)|WARM SEAWATER(10,3)|EMILIANIA BLOOM(10,2)|FLOWING AQUACULTURE POND(10,2)|FRESHWATER CONDENSATE(10,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP SEAWATER(10,2)|OCEAN AQUACULTURE(10,2)|GEOGRAPHIC AREA(10,1)|HARVESTED AGGREGATED ALGAE(10,1)|MARINE ALGA LAND AQUACULTURE(10,1)|NONPRODUCTIVE COASTAL LAND(10,1)|IMPERMEABLE PLASTIC LINING(9,3)|ALGAE HARVESTING(9,2)|FINE BUBBLE AERATION(9,2)|GEOTHERMAL POWER(9,2)|SEAWATER LITER(9,2)|ALGAL HARVESTING EQUIPMENT SHARING(9,1)|COASTAL DEEP SEAWATER(9,1)|COASTAL LAND AVAILABILITY(9,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE DENSITY CULTURE(9,1)|FREQUENT SEAWATER TURNOVER(9,1)|INOCULANT ALGAE GROWTH(9,1)|HEATED WATER(8,6)|OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE(8,3)|AQUACULTURE POND ARRAY(8,1)|BRAARUDOSPHAERA BIGELOWI(8,1)|CALCIDISCUS LEPTOPORUS(8,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAL BLOOM(8,1)|COOL FRESHWATER CONDENSER(8,1)|DEEP COASTAL SEAWATER(8,1)|FERTILIZER HYDROXYLAPATITE(8,1)|GREENHOUSE TUNNEL SAVE(8,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE DAY(8,1)|MATURE ALGAE AGGREGATE(8,1)|MINERAL ENRICHED SEAWATER(8,1)|PREVENT RELEASE BACK(8,1)|CLAY LINING(7,2)|COCCOLITH SEPARATION(7,2)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(7,2)|EARTHEN BARRIER(7,2)|HARVESTED ALGAE PROCESSING(7,2)|INTERCONNECTING TUNNEL(7,2)|AGITATED HABITAT(7,1)|ALGAE INOCULANT(7,1)|ALGAE STRATIFICATION(7,1)|COCCOLITHUS BRAARUDII(7,1)|COOLER DEEP SEAWATER(7,1)|EMILIANA HUXLEYI CELL(7,1)|GREENHOUSE INTENSE SOLAR RADIATION(7,1)|GREENHOUSE PRETREATMENT(7,1)|INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY ULLMANN ENCYCLOPEDIA(7,1)|INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION(7,1)|MINERAL SEQUESTRATION TRAP CARBON(7,1)|NARROW COASTAL BAY(7,1)|OCEAN ALGAL BLOOM(7,1)|OCEAN THERMOCLINE(7,1)|SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(7,1)|SEAWATER PRETREATMENT(7,1)|SEED ALGAE GROWTH(7,1)|SYRACOSPHAERA PULCHRA(7,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN SITE(7,1)|DAYLIGHT HOUR(6,3)|ANIMAL FEEDSTOCK(6,2)|CO2 TON(6,2)|UV IR OUTER FOLIA(6,2)|ALGAE AGGREGATION(6,1)|ALGAL AGGREGATE(6,1)|AQUACULTURE BEND(6,1)|AQUACULTURE FACILITY(6,1)|BIOMASS COMPETITION(6,1)|CALCIFYING ORGANISM(6,1)|COCCOLITH TON(6,1)|COCCOLITHOVIRUS GROWTH(6,1)|CONDITIONED SEAWATER(6,1)|DISSOLVED CALCIUM STOICHIOMETRY(6,1)|EXPERIENCE EXTRAPOLATION(6,1)|GREENHOUSE CONDENSATION(6,1)|HDPE SYNTHETIC LINER(6,1)|HUXLEYI BIOMASS(6,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE(6,1)|NUTRIENT LITER(6,1)|OPTIMUM GROWTH COCCOLITHOPHORID(6,1)|RICH COLD SEAWATER(6,1)|SLUDGE THICK CARPET(6,1)|SOLAR HEATED SEAWATER(6,1)|THICK CLAY GEOMEMBRANE(6,1)|OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION(5,106)|CA DISSOLUTION(5,2)|CALCIUM MINERAL(5,2)|GEOGRAPHY(5,2)|REMAINING ORGANIC BIOMASS(5,2)|SEAWATER SOLAR HEATING(5,2)|ABUNDANT RESOURCE(5,1)|AQUACULTURE PARAMETER(5,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SHADED SECTION(5,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER AGITATION(5,1)|BLENDING GREENHOUSE(5,1)|BLOOM AGING(5,1)|CALCIUM RICH MINERAL(5,1)|CHLORAPATITE CA(5,1)|CO2 EMITTING INDUSTRY(5,1)|COLD DEEP SEAWATER(5,1)|COMPETING ORGANISM(5,1)|DELETERIOUS ORGANISM(5,1)|DIVISION HAPTOPHYTE(5,1)|EXTRACTING BIOMASS(5,1)|FAVORABLE GEOLOGICAL CONDITION(5,1)|FAVORABLE GROWTH ENVIRONMENT(5,1)|FEEDING MARINE INVERTEBRATE(5,1)|FRESHWATER GENERATION CYCLE(5,1)|GREENHOUSE EXIT(5,1)|GREENHOUSE SPAN(5,1)|INSUFFICIENT SUNLIGHT(5,1)|LAND SHAPING(5,1)|MARINE INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL(5,1)|MAXIMIZE GROWTH(5,1)|METHANEDIONE EXCESS(5,1)|MODEL COCCOLITHOPHORID(5,1)|POLYMERIC FLOCCULANT(5,1)|QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT(5,1)|REEMISSION RISK(5,1)|REPEAT TURNOVER(5,1)|SEAWATER CONSTANT TURNOVER(5,1)|SEQUESTRATION SITE(5,1)|TEMPORARY FLUCTUATION(5,1)|DOUBLING(4,3)|LANDFILL(4,3)|PIPELINE(4,3)|ALGAE YIELD(4,1)|AQUACULTURE POND SECTION(4,1)|CARBON SEQUESTERING COCCOLITHOPHORID(4,1)|CO2 SEQUESTERED RANGE TON(4,1)|COCCOLITH YIELD(4,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID CELL(4,1)|DRIED ALGAE(4,1)|FERTILIZER CALCIUM NITRATE(4,1)|FOUR SEEDING POND(4,1)|FRESHWATER YIELD(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|GREENHOUSE HEATED SEAWATER(4,1)|GROWING ALGAE(4,1)|HEATED SURFACE WATER(4,1)|INOCULANT CELL DENSITY(4,1)|MINERAL CARBONATE(4,1)|NATURAL BLOOMING(4,1)|OFFER BENEFIT(4,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(4,1)|SHALLOW TROUGH(4,1)|SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY(4,1)|THICK SYNTHETIC LINER(4,1)|VALUABLE LAND(4,1)|CELL LITER(3,4)|SEQUESTER CARBON(3,4)|WASTEWATER TREATMENT(3,4)|DRIVING GAS(3,3)|LARGE SCALE LAND AQUACULTURE(3,3)|TURBINE(3,3)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|AMBIGUITY(3,2)|CALM WATER(3,2)|COASTLINE(3,2)|DISPOSAL(3,2)|GROWTH DENSITY(3,2)|INNER FOLIA(3,2)|LAYERED IMPROVED POLYETHYLENE(3,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(3,2)|NIGHT(3,2)|NUTRIENT RICH DEEP WATER(3,2)|REMNANT(3,2)|WARM SURFACE WATER(3,2)|WATER VAPOR CONDENSATION(3,2)|ABSORB CO2(3,1)|ABUNDANT SUPPLY(3,1)|ALGAE SUPPLY(3,1)|ALGAL POND SIZE(3,1)|ALKALI MINERAL(3,1)|AQUACULTURE WATER NEGATIVE IMPACT(3,1)|ARID LOCATION(3,1)|BED DRYING(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONTEXT(3,1)|CARPET THICKNESS(3,1)|COCCOLITH FORMATION(3,1)|COLD BLENDING(3,1)|CONDITIONING PHASE(3,1)|COOL GREENHOUSE WATER VAPOR(3,1)|COVERING GREENHOUSE(3,1)|DESALINIZATION COMPONENT(3,1)|DISTRIBUTION MANIFOLD(3,1)|DOUBLE HDPE(3,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(3,1)|ENERGY EXTRACTION YIELD(3,1)|EQUIVALENT EMISSION(3,1)|EVAPORATOR(3,1)|EXCESS GLOBAL WARMING(3,1)|FORECAST(3,1)|GREENHOUSE FINAL(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES(3,1)|GREENHOUSE SOLAR HEATED WATER(3,1)|HUXLEYI LARGE AGGREGATE(3,1)|INORGANIC CARBONATE(3,1)|IPCC SPECIAL REPORT(3,1)|KWHR YIELD(3,1)|MAXIMIZE PRODUCTION(3,1)|MAXIMUM ALGAL YIELD(3,1)|MAXIMUM REWARD(3,1)|MICROBIOFOULING(3,1)|MIGHT SEDIMENT(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING ORGANISM(3,1)|NUTRIENT RICH COLD WATER(3,1)|PH BALANCE(3,1)|PLENUM PRESS(3,1)|REMAINING SEAWATER(3,1)|SEAWATER FLOWING LAYER(3,1)|SEEDING POND WATER DISTRIBUTION(3,1)|SINGLE AQUACULTURE POND DEPTH(3,1)|SUN DRIED BIOMASS(3,1)|TRACK DEPTH(3,1)|UNDERGROUND GEOLOGICAL FORMATION(3,1)|UNMODIFIED NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION(3,1)|ABUNDANCE(2,1)|ADJACENT GREENHOUSE(2,1)|ADJUSTED SIZE SEEDING POND(2,1)|AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING(2,1)|AQUACULTURE POND END(2,1)|ASSESSMENT(2,1)|BIO FOULING REDUCTION(2,1)|CAPTURING SOLAR ENERGY(2,1)|CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|CARBON MARKET FUNCTION(2,1)|CARBON OFFSET PAYMENT(2,1)|CENTURY(2,1)|CLIMATE(2,1)|CLOUD COVER(2,1)|CO2 EMISSION SOURCE(2,1)|CO2 STORAGE(2,1)|COAGULANT(2,1)|COCOLITH(2,1)|COLD MIXING(2,1)|COLD WATER DISCHARGE BASIN(2,1)|CONCRETE RETENTION WALL(2,1)|CONTAMINANT(2,1)|COUNTERMEASURE(2,1)|CREATION(2,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN MASS(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN STORAGE(2,1)|DESERT(2,1)|DESIRABILITY(2,1)|DESIRABLE ALGAE(2,1)|DETACHMENT(2,1)|DRIED BIOMASS TOTAL VOLUME(2,1)|EMISSION TRADING(2,1)|ENTRANCE(2,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL CELL GROWTH(2,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(2,1)|FLOCCULANT LOW(2,1)|FLOCCULENT BUBBLE ADDITION(2,1)|FLUORAPATITE(2,1)|FOUR MAJOR VARIANT(2,1)|FRAGMENTATION(2,1)|GEOLOGICAL FORMATION DEPTH(2,1)|GRADE CARBON OFFSET(2,1)|GREENHOUSE COMBINATION PLUS(2,1)|GREENHOUSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS CO2(2,1)|GROWTH ENHANCEMENT(2,1)| | (US8440439)|What is claimed is:|1. A method of sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into solid form, the method comprising:| culturing coccolithophorid algae in seawater using land-based aquaculture under conditions wherein atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by the algae into calcium carbonate and/or bio-char;| a. wherein the seawater in which the algae are cultured is the discharge of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) condensers and greenhouses; and| b. wherein the source water for the OTEC process is provided by i) cold seawater and ii) seawater that has been warmed in land-based greenhouses using solar energy to a temperature sufficient to inactivate substantially all microorganisms.|2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the discharge of the OTEC process is combined with seawater to provide water at the optimum temperature for coccolithophorid algal aquaculture.|3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:| adding exogenous nutrients and/or minerals to the aquaculture water.|4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:| adding exogenous nutrients and/or minerals to the aquaculture water.|5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:| harvesting the coccolithophorid algae.|6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:| harvesting the coccolithophorid algae.|7. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:| harvesting the coccolithophorid algae.|8. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:| harvesting the coccolithophorid algae.|9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the harvested algae are dried and/or wherein the biomass and the coccoliths of the algae are separated.|10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the harvested algae are dried and/or wherein the biomass and the coccoliths of the algae are separated.|11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the harvested algae are dried and/or wherein the biomass and the coccoliths of the algae are separated.|12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the harvested algae are dried and/or wherein the biomass and the coccoliths of the algae are separated.|13. The method according to claim 5, further comprising returning the water to the sea after aquaculture.|14. The method according to claim 6, further comprising returning the water to the sea after aquaculture.|15. A system for sequestering carbon using coccolithophorid algae, the system comprising:| a. greenhouses for heating seawater using solar energy,| b. an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system adapted to use the heated surface water from step a) and cold seawater; and| c. a flow-through, land-based coccolithophorid algae aquaculture preserve provided with water from the OTEC condensers of part (b) and the greenhouses.|16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the aquaculture preserve comprises a flow-through aquaculture pond.|17. The system of claim 15, wherein the aquaculture preserve has a surface area of about 1 to about 40 km2.|18. The system of claim 16, wherein the aquaculture preserve has a surface area of about 1 to about 40 km2.|19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coccolithophorid algae is Emiliana huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Coccolithus braarudii, Braarudosphaera bigelowi, and/or Syracosphaera pulchra. |20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the coccolithophorid algae is Emiliana huxleyi. |21. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:| adding alkali minerals to the seawater to counteract ocean acidification.|22. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:| adding alkali minerals to the seawater to counteract ocean acidification.|23. The method according to claim 9, wherein the algae releases Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) prior to harvesting. | (US8440439)|CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS|[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/998,764, filed Sep. 13, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,278,082, which application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Patent Application PCT/GB2009/002568, filed Oct. 28, 2009, designating the United States of America and published in English as International Patent Publication WO2010/049687 A1 on May 6, 2010, which claims the benefit under Article 8 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty to Great Britain Patent Application Serial No. 0819865.7, filed Oct. 29, 2008, the disclosure of the entirety of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by this reference.|(US8440439)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0002] The disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon using natural carbon fixation. In particular, the disclosure relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae.|BACKGROUND|[0003] Excess global warming that is currently taking place is thought to be largely caused by human activity increasing the “greenhouse effect.” Since the industrial revolution, anthropogenic emissions have increased the amount of greenhouse gasses present in the atmosphere. In particular, combustion of fossil fuels has led to an increase in the atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gas CO2.|[0004] In order to mitigate the effects of global warming caused by atmospheric CO2, attempts have been made to capture and sequester carbon. CO2 can be captured at point sources, such as power or cement plants, to prevent it from being released into the atmosphere or it can be removed from the atmosphere at remote sites with technologies that remove CO2 directly from the air.|[0005] Once captured, the CO2 can be stored in a number of ways; for example, in deep geological formations, in deep ocean masses, in the form of mineral carbonates or in the form of bio-char. In the case of deep ocean storage, there is a risk of re-emission and of greatly increasing the problem of ocean acidification, a problem that also stems from the excess of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere and oceans. Geological formations are currently considered the most promising sequestration sites.1 However, the use of limited geological sites requires transport of the CO2 in pipelines, either as a gas or as a supercritical liquid. CO2 storage in geological formations is, therefore, associated with further energy consumption to transport the CO2 and to inject it into underground geological formations. Leakage of the stored carbon is also a major concern with both ocean and geological carbon sequestration.|[0006] Mineral sequestration traps carbon in the form of solid carbonate metal salts. One way to sequester carbon as carbonates is to use algae, in particular, coccolithophorid algae, which are marine algae that form CaCO3 coccoliths. These algae take up CO2 from the atmosphere to form coccoliths, thus removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in mineral form. Natural ocean-based coccolithophorid algal blooms are a well-documented method of carbon fixation in coccoliths as is evidenced by many limestone deposits worldwide. However, ocean blooms of coccolithophorid algae are unpredictable, and the algae cannot be harvested to ensure that the sequestered carbon is stored long-term to prevent its re-release back into the environment via remineralization of the algae after they complete their periodic and unpredictable, growth cycle. Natural blooms do not suffice to compensate for the increased atmospheric CO2 2 and cannot be controlled.|SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0007] The inventor hereof has concluded that many problems that are associated with the manipulation of ocean-based blooms of natural algae for carbon sequestration can be overcome by the use of land-based aquaculture of coccolithophorid and other algae. However, land-based aquaculture requires large amounts of nutrient-rich seawater, and also requires large amounts of space for the aquaculture preserve.|[0008] Provided is a method of sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere into solid form, the method comprising:| - culturing coccolithophorid algae in seawater using land-based aquaculture under conditions wherein atmospheric CO2 is converted by the algae into CaCO3 and/or bio-char;| - wherein the seawater in which the algae are cultured is the discharge of an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) process; and| - wherein the source water for the OTEC process is provided by i) cold seawater and ii) seawater that has been warmed in land-based greenhouses using solar energy.|[0012] The method makes use of an OTEC process that has been modified to make it suitable for use in combination with large-scale land-based aquaculture of coccolithophorid algae for carbon sequestration. OTEC is a method for generating electricity that utilizes the temperature difference that exists between deep and shallow waters. The use of OTEC is currently limited to particular geographical areas where the temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deep seawater is large, ideally at least 20° C. This temperature difference only really occurs in equatorial waters, defined as lying between 10° N and 10° S, which are adequate.3 In these areas, coastal land use is intensive. In contrast, in areas where there is significant availability of coastal land that lies unused, the surface water is cool and, thus, there is an insufficient temperature differential for OTEC to function efficiently.|[0013] The inventor hereof has realized that by heating seawater using solar energy under controlled conditions, a sufficient temperature difference can be established between this heated water and cooler, nutrient-rich deep seawater to allow OTEC to be used in regions where land is unutilized and/or available. This modified OTEC system can thus be used in regions with vast areas of arid, desert or under-utilized or non-productive coastal land (such as in the Gulf States, the Californian Peninsula in Mexico, Australia, Western, Northern and Southern Africa and Chile), which are ideal for large-scale land-based aquaculture. Because this land is commonly not used for economic benefit, the economics of this modified system become practical for carbon sequestration.|[0014] This solves several problems from which land-based aquaculture of marine algae suffers, at least in the context of carbon sequestration. Of course, pumping nutrient-rich seawater onto land requires large amounts of energy. Given that the purpose of these aquaculture preserves is to provide a net carbon sink, any CO2 produced in order to supply the water for the aquaculture must be more than offset within the CO2 that is sequestered by the algae. Thus, only renewable, or carbon neutral, sources of energy are suitable in this context. Examples of renewable energy sources include solar energy, high altitude and ground level wind power, tidal, hydroelectric, and biomass fueled power generation. Other carbon neutral, although not renewable energy sources, such as nuclear or geothermal power may also be suitable to generate the power necessary to pump the large quantities of water for the aquaculture preserves. Both nuclear and geothermal power have the advantage of creating heated water that could be exploited by OTEC.|[0015] A much preferred source of energy for use in the method hereof is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), for example, as described in references 3 and 4. One reason for this is that one of the by-products of OTEC is an abundant supply of nutrient-rich deep seawater, which is generally considered to be a by-product of OTEC, and is referred to herein as OTEC discharge. This makes OTEC a suitable source of energy to combine with aquaculture, as described in references 5 and 6 describing the combination of sea-water wells extending through rock and aquaculture with power generation. The sea-water well concept is limited to favorable geological conditions, for example, encountered in Hawaii. However, improvements in pipe-technology achieve the same benefits of seawater wells without being geographically confined.|[0016] OTEC has been used in combination with open-water aquaculture for food products, such as high-value farmable commercial species and algae for human consumption. However, these sites are limited in scale. Because the regions that are currently suited to the application of OTEC are also regions in which the land surrounding the OTEC sites is valuable land, for example, for agricultural, habitational or recreational purposes, such as narrow coastal bays in Hawaii, OTEC cannot be used on a very large scale in these environments. For example, a 100 MW OTEC power plant in combination with land-based coccolithophorid algal aquaculture to be suitable to sequester large amounts of atmospheric CO2 requires an area of approximately 40 km2 of aquaculture preserve or greater. For these reasons, it would hitherto not have been considered to combine OTEC with large-scale land-based aquaculture because the land available for the large aquaculture preserves has relevant alternative economic utility. Indeed, the OTEC systems that are presently known in the art are not suitable to be used as an energy source to supply seawater for land-based aquaculture of coccolithophorid algae for large-scale carbon sequestration.|[0017] As well as extending the geographical range of OTEC, heating seawater prior to use in OTEC is also advantageous because it increases the temperature difference between the hot and cold water, thus increasing the efficiency of the OTEC system.|[0018] A further advantage of the method of carbon sequestration described herein, in which the surface water is heated before use in OTEC, is that the water is heated to a temperature that inactivates substantially all micro-organisms, thus reducing bio-fouling of the OTEC system, the heat exchangers or the subsequent aquaculture preserves.|[0019] Carbon sequestration methods currently exist that are based on the stimulation of growth of algae in the ocean. However, the methods hereof are distinct from these in that they are carried out using land-based aquaculture. Per the disclosure, algal growth takes place in an aquaculture preserve, which has several advantages.|[0020] In one embodiment of the method hereof, discharge from OTEC may be combined with cold seawater to provide water at the optimum temperature for coccolithophorid algae aquaculture. In an alternative embodiment, discharge from OTEC may be cooled by running it through a shaded area before it is seeded with algae. In this manner, the culture conditions such as water temperature can be adjusted such that the algae grow at a much higher density than are commonly found in their natural environment.|[0021] Nutrient availability can also be tightly controlled, both by varying the amount of nutrient-rich and cold seawater from depths of up to 1,000 meters that enters the aquaculture preserve, or by adding exogenous nutrients to the aquaculture water. The step of adding exogenous nutrients to the aquaculture water forms a further aspect hereof.|[0022] A still further advantage is that algal growth is isolated from the ocean ecosystem. This mitigates most, if not all, of the environmental problems associated with ocean-based algal blooms. In ocean-based blooms, currents and atmospheric conditions can rapidly and unpredictably alter the growth environment. Predatory or competing organisms can adversely affect the growth of the desired algae. Nutrients may be depleted or where nutrients are available at depth, there is insufficient sunlight to sustain the bloom. Containing microalgae in ocean-based aquaculture is impractical since the containment structures would have to be impermeable to microscopic organisms on the outside of the aquaculture facility. Managing the algal bloom in situ also requires the effective harvesting of algae under dynamic open ocean conditions, which are not as stable and predictable as land-based aquaculture.|[0023] Furthermore, using land-based aquaculture, there can be no uncertainty or ambiguity as to the amount of carbon that is sequestered. The coccolithophorid algae can be harvested as one aspect of the process, thus allowing the amount of sequestered carbon to be tangibly measured and quantified. The step of harvesting the coccolithophorid algae thus forms a further aspect hereof.|[0024] Once the algae have been harvested, the culture water can be returned to the ocean. After having been used for aquaculture of coccolithophorid algae, the culture water generated in the method hereof will contain significantly less dissolved CO2 than ambient seawater and can, therefore, contribute to the reduction of ocean acidification. If necessary, the culture water can be supplemented with dissolved calcium minerals to offset the effects of ocean acidification, which is itself associated with detrimental environmental effects. This is particularly relevant in the context of coastal coral that are particularly sensitive to ocean acidification. Therefore, provided is a method of carbon sequestration as described herein, further comprising returning the water to the sea after harvesting the coccolithophorid algae.|[0025] Also provided is a system for carbon sequestration, the system comprising:| - a) means to heat seawater using solar power,| - b) an OTEC system using heated surface seawater and cold deep seawater; and| - c) a land-based coccolithophorid algae aquaculture preserve provided with water from the OTEC system of part b).|[0029] In one embodiment, the aquaculture preserve comprises “aquaculture ponds.” As used herein, the term “aquaculture ponds” is intended to describe man-made ponds that are long and narrow in shape and that provide a flow-through system for the aquaculture water. It is preferred that the aquaculture ponds form a large surface area for growth of the algae. Indeed, provided is an economically viable method of carbon sequestration in part because of the large scale of the aquaculture preserve. In one embodiment, combining a 100 MW OTEC plant with greenhouses and the aquaculture preserve gives a total surface area of 30 km2 to 100 km2 or 50 km2 to 100 km2, depending on configuration and, in a particular embodiment, the surface area is about 65 km2. Local geography permitting, this arrangement of an OTEC plant, a greenhouse and aquaculture preserve can be significantly smaller, for example, for a 500 KW OTEC plant, the surface area could be less than approximately 1.5 km2. Similarly, larger OTEC power plants can be combined with aquaculture preserves that match their discharge. For example, a 500 MW OTEC plant, greenhouse, aquaculture assembly would require approximately 300 km2.|[0030] In one embodiment, the OTEC plant with greenhouses and aquaculture preserve are a model system, and have a total surface area of 0.5 km2 to 1 km2 or less. For many locations, the surface area required for the greenhouses will be approximately half of the surface area required for the aquaculture ponds. In the preferred embodiment near a cold surface water ocean outside of the conventional OTEC tropical ocean sites, this means approximately 20 km2 for the greenhouses and 40 km2 for the aquaculture ponds.|[0031] In any of the methods and systems described herein, the means to heat seawater using solar power may be a greenhouse. In one embodiment, the greenhouse is made of a plastic material.|[0032] In any of the methods and systems described herein, the coccolithophorid algae may preferably be a strain of Emiliana huxleyi. Other examples include, but are not limited to, strains of Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Coccolithus braarudii, Braarudosphaera bigelowi, and Syracosphaera pulchra.|(US8440439)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING|[0033] FIG. 1: Schematic diagram of the system for sequestering carbon.|(US8440439)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|Methods of Carbon Sequestration|[0034] The method is based on growing large quantities of carbon sequestering coccolithophorid algae in nutrient-rich water, originating from deep coastal seawater, on land. First, seawater is pumped from depth to sea level. Deep seawater is more nutrient rich than surface water and has a higher concentration of supersaturated Ca++ ions in solution and, thus, is better suited for use in aquaculture. A portion of the water is heated, preferably using solar energy, for example, by passing the water through large greenhouses for solar heating. If sufficiently nutrient rich, an alternative source of warm water can be surface seawater. This raises the temperature of the water to over 30° C., for example, to 35° C., 40° C., 45° C., 50° C., 55° C. or hotter. The remainder is not heated and, therefore, remains at a temperature of about 5° C. to 10° C., for example, 5° C., 6° C., 7° C., 8° C., 9° C., or 10° C. The heated and unheated water is then used to generate electricity using OTEC. The electricity generated by this process can be used to process algae that have been grown in the aquaculture preservers. The energy can also be used to pump the deep seawater to the surface, and/or to pump water through additional aquaculture preserve, thereby increasing the aquaculture yield while reducing the total OTEC-generated power available for resale.|[0035] The discharge water from the greenhouses and OTEC condensers can be combined in an aquaculture preserve to provide water at a temperature suitable for coccolithophorid algal growth. The water can be combined to provide an optimum growth temperature. The optimum growth temperature will depend on the particular coccolithophorid algae species and is typically between 15° C. and 25° C., for example, 15° C., 16° C., 17° C., 18° C., 19° C., 20° C., 21° C., 22° C., 23° C., 24° C. or 25° C. or warmer.|[0036] Coccolithophorid algae are cultured in the aquaculture preserve, generally for several days. In a preferred embodiment, the algae are cultured for four to seven days, but may be cultured for up to twenty days. In one embodiment, the algae are cultured for six days. During this time of exponential growth, the algae sequester CO2 as CaCO3 in the coccoliths or plates surrounding their cells. These calcite plates increase in number according to environmental conditions or until the cells reach a steady-state growth phase and at which point the coccoliths may increase further in number per cell.|[0037] After passing through the aquaculture preserve for several days, the algae may be removed from the seawater. The seawater may then be returned to the sea. The harvested algae can be dried, for example, sun-dried. The CO2 taken up during the aquaculture process is stored in the dried algae as CaCO3 and dried biomass.|[0038] Sun-drying the biomass for long-term stock-piling near the aquaculture preserve is the simplest option for carbon storage. It requires the least infrastructure and investment and takes advantage of the total carbon captured in the biomass, and not only that captured in the coccoliths. Sun-dried biomass can be readily quantified and the carbon content can be demonstrably verified. Thus, the methods hereof are, therefore, suitable for the highest grade carbon offset schemes, as the amount of carbon sequestration is physically available for analysis and quantification.|[0039] In a separate embodiment, the coccoliths and biomass are separated and processed independently of each other. The coccoliths are inert and can be readily stockpiled. The total volume of dried coccoliths to sequester 1 billion tons of CO2 in the form of CaCO3 coccoliths is estimated at 2,611 kg/m3 is 869,400 m3 sequestered per year or a volume of 20 meters high by 200 meters wide by 200 meters long. Given that this is distributed over many sites, for example, 1,000 aquaculture preserves in several countries, this does not represent a significant disposal or storage burden for any one site. In one embodiment, the space required for disposal is 10 x 10 x 1.75 meters of CaCO3 per algal aquaculture pond per year.|[0040] In an alternative embodiment, the harvested algae can be fragmented into multiple components. Processing of the harvested algae at a basic pH enables the separation of the coccoliths from the remaining organic biomass. Once extracted, the organic biomass can be used for the production of bio-fuel, biological oils, fatty acids and other materials that can be used for the generation of, for example, animal feedstock. In a further embodiment, the remnants or bio-char from such further processing could be used to enrich the soil of, or to create fertilizer for, local agriculture.|[0041] The additional processing is optional and can be performed based on the desirability of creating additional products from the organic biomass, which would reduce the overall yield of the sequestered carbon although renewable resources created from the biomass would still qualify for carbon offset payments. Energy required for additional processing can be supplied from OTEC.|Coccolithophorid Algae|[0042] Coccolithophorid algae are single-celled algae belonging to the division haptophytes. A model coccolithophorid alga for use in the invention is Emiliana huxleyi, or a variant thereof. E. huxleyi naturally blooms in waters between 15° C. and 20° C. and higher. Unlike other algae, its growth does not become inhibited by high levels of sunlight. During exponential growth, each cell produces approximately twenty CaCO3 plates or coccoliths. These coccoliths, therefore, sequester carbon in mineral form and, therefore, sequester carbon in a robust manner. Coccolithophorid blooms often occur in relatively calm water, so providing another advantage in the context hereof relative to other algae. Because coccolithophorid algae can grow in calm water, there is little or no need for agitation of the aquaculture water beyond that provided by the movement of the water through the aquaculture ponds.|[0043] A further advantage of E. huxleyi, in particular, is its rapid growth. E. huxleyi grows rapidly and after four to seven days of land-based aquaculture, it will achieve as many as ten doublings or up to a thousand-fold increase in biomass. Under ideal culture conditions, E. huxleyi is capable of up to two doubling per day.7 |[0044] By comparison, in the open ocean, coccolithophorid algae growth is limited by sub-optimal temperatures, limited nutrient availability, aging of the bloom and other biological and environmental factors.|[0045] In the land-based aquaculture hereof and, in particular, in the aquaculture ponds that are a preferred feature of the described system, nutrients including phosphate, nitrate and calcium can be added in a controlled manner to ensure that the coccolithophorid algae grow at a higher density than that which can be achieved in ocean-based aquaculture. Furthermore, maximum exposure to light can be ensured, such that no biomass is lost due to sinking out of optimal light zones. In addition, biological contamination can be minimized by the pre-treatment of the seawater in the greenhouses before it is used for aquaculture.|[0046] Another advantage of E. huxleyi is that as the algae mature, they begin releasing long extra-cellular organic molecules called Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEPs).8 Together with coagulants and flocculants, these large molecules dramatically increase aggregation of the algae.|[0047] Flocculants and coagulants used in wastewater treatment, such as alum and polymeric flocculants, can rapidly accelerate the formation or “marine snow” as mature algae aggregate. These aggregates rapidly settle and can be easily harvested, thus reducing the cost of harvesting the algae and extracting biomass from the seawater. In an alternative embodiment, the aggregates can be rapidly floated to the surface using fine bubble aeration. This can be accomplished by placing long rows of fine bubble aerators along the bottom of the final stretch of the aquaculture ponds to create rows of bubble curtains that carry the “marine snow” to the surface for harvesting by mechanical skimmers. As the aggregated algae accumulates, the aggregates can be removed using automated systems skimmers directly from the surface of the aquaculture water creating an algal slurry at approximately ten ten-fold concentration of the algae.|[0048] An alternative harvesting technique is dissolved air floatation to concentrate the algae on the surface of the aquaculture water for simple skimming, as is commonly employed in wastewater treatment.9 These well-established industrial and wastewater treatment techniques can purify very large volumes of water. In another alternative, the aquaculture water can be passed through circular centrally driven clarifiers (for example, suction clarifiers) to harvest the algae from the aquaculture water. The harvested aggregated algal sludge still retains a significant quantity of seawater. This sludge can be further thickened in deep cone thickeners or clarifiers. To significantly accelerate this thickening process, cationic flocculants can be used to clump the algae into clumps effecting another five to fifteen-fold concentration. This algal paste can then be transported on conveyor belts to drying fields that are also lined with geofabrics or geomembranes to dry in the ambient desert air where the aggregated algae are dried, as is common, for example, with commercial crops.|[0049] The system does not have to be populated with E. huxleyi. Other coccolithophorid algae can also be used. Aquaculture parameters can be changed to optimize growth of any chosen coccolithophorid or other desirable algae.|[0050] After the algae have been harvested, the water can be treated, for example, by being passed through the greenhouses again to heat inactivate any remaining cells. In this way, the potentially negative impact of the aquaculture water being discharged into local seawater can be eliminated. Alternatively, the used seawater can be pumped to a depth where it bypasses the local surface seawater entirely.|Carbon Fixation by Coccolithophorid Algae|[0051] As a result of the differences in molecular weight of CO2 and CaCO3 (CO2 has a molecular weight of 44 MW; CaCO3 has a molecular weight of 100 MW), to grow sufficient coccolithophorid calcite plates to sequester one billion tons of CO2, 2.27 billion tons of coccoliths have to be grown. Since a single coccolith (one of about 20 to 30 plates during exponential growth) of an Emiliana huxleyi cell10 typically weighs 18 to 26 pg, each coccolithophorid cell can sequester approximately 230 pg of CO2.|[0052] Under unmodified natural growth conditions in unmodified surface seawater, i.e., ocean-based, coccolithophorid blooms have a typical density of 3 x 108 cells/liter.11 This equates to the creation of about 0.156 gr/calcite per liter in the form of coccoliths. This is well below the potentially maximum limit of available ˜0.95 gr of CaCO3 sequestered per liter of seawater as dictated by the availability of naturally available dissolved calcium while preserving the stoichiometry of dissolved calcium in seawater. By comparison, conditioned seawater enriched with nutrients can sustain much higher growth rates, reaching a much higher cell density of about 1 x 1010 cells/liter7 in K media12 or in F/50 media.13 At 1 x 1010 cells/liter, this equates to 5.2 pg x 1012 calcite fixed per liter of growth medium. At these optimal high-growth densities in nutrient-enriched seawater, up to 5.2 gr of calcite can be fixed per liter. However, achieving this very high growth density and coccolith yield would require large-scale addition of nutrients and minerals.|[0053] Another method by which the coccolith yield could be increased would be through increased residence time of the algae in the ponds to support growth at high-cell densities in late-stage growth (not exponential growth). At this point in the cell cycle, a larger number of coccoliths are formed per cell. However, late stage, very high density culture of coccolithophorid algae would be much more difficult to control and the residence time of the algae would have to be significantly increased, thereby dramatically increasing the size of the algal ponds. For this reason, a preferred embodiment is planned that maximizes the yield of algae in exponential growth in the algal ponds and harvests these cells at the point when they have between 20 to 30 coccoliths per cell.|[0054] It is envisaged that the algae will be grown at approximately 3.0 to 3.5 x 109 cells/liter in the invention, reaching an average of 1.5 g calcite formed per liter of nutrient and mineral enriched seawater. At this density, much of the calcium and a significant proportion of the magnesium present in the seawater will also be sequestered in the algal biomass.|Aquaculture|[0055] The aquaculture takes place in an aquaculture preserve on land. In a preferred embodiment, the aquaculture takes place in continuously flowing aquaculture ponds or raceway ponds. Flowing aquaculture ponds are continuously agitated habitats for algae. They are preferably significant in size, and open-air. In these aquaculture ponds, the algae are exposed to sunlight, and the seawater is exposed to atmospheric CO2 while providing a controlled growth environment for the algae.|[0056] One advantage of aquaculture ponds is that they provide favorable growth environment for coccolithophorid algae by ensuring constant turnover of the seawater, preventing settling or stratification of the algae and ensuring maximum air exchange. Air exchange is doubly significant, because the algal growth rate will rapidly deplete the inorganic carbonate (HCO3−) naturally occurring in the seawater. This will be replenished from atmospheric CO2 to sustain algal growth. Because of the turnover of the seawater in aquaculture ponds and their preferably shallow cross section, all of the aquaculture seawater will be frequently exposed to the atmosphere to absorb CO2.|[0057] In the preferred embodiment, the seawater in the aquaculture ponds is fed and completely replaced with fresh seawater from the greenhouses and OTEC condensers, and the entire volume of the aquaculture pond is replaced, preferably every four to seven days, given an aquaculture pond with a cross-section of approximately 100 meters and a depth of approximately 3 meters. The depth of the aquaculture ponds can be varied according to need to ensure that all the algae is optimally irradiated with sunlight. For example, aquaculture pond depth could be 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 or more meters. In the preferred embodiment, this results in a flow rate of approximately 2.4 meters per minute during daylight hours. At this flow rate and with the repeat turnover as the seawater flows around the bends of the aquaculture, ensuring frequent seawater turn-over, this preferred embodiment supports the exponential growth phase of the coccolithophorid algae. The flow rate through the aquaculture ponds can be varied from less than 0.5 meter per minute to greater than 10 meters per minute to adjust the residence time of the algae and maximize the capacity for their growth and carbon sequestration. For example, aquaculture pond flow rates could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 or more meters per minute.|[0058] The aquaculture ponds may be seeded with algae directly, or supplied with algae from seeding ponds. Seeding ponds are ponds that are positioned in proximity to the aquaculture ponds and are used to maintain the supply of algae for the inoculation of the unpopulated seawater coming out of the OTEC greenhouse combination. These seeding ponds are run at a lower throughput rate and, instead of being harvested, are used to inoculate the aquaculture ponds with a large volume of densely growing algae. In a preferred embodiment, about 5% to 12%, for example, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, or 11%, of the water entering the aquaculture ponds on a daily basis is from these seeding ponds. In this embodiment, one seeding pond can continuously support 10 to 12 aquaculture ponds with algae. Use of seeding ponds, in effect, extends the residence time of the algae under optimal growth conditions and avoids having aquaculture ponds seeded at low density, thereby having to use less land for the aquaculture ponds. In an alternative embodiment, there are two or three tiers of seeding ponds that are staggered sequentially and have different depths. In this manner, the concentration of algae can be matched to the depth of the pond, to ensure that the transparency of the aquaculture water is optimized for the growth rate of the algae. In this way, less densely populated aquaculture ponds can be deeper. The advantage of this is the more economical use of land.|System Components|Water Heating Means|[0059] To heat the seawater, large greenhouses, preferably situated close to a coastline, will be used. In a preferred embodiment, to support a 100 MW OTEC plant, twenty greenhouses will each cover an area of between about 25,000 m2 to about 100,000 m2. As a person skilled in the art will appreciate, a smaller OTEC plant will require greenhouses with a smaller surface area, and a larger OTEC plant will require greenhouses with a larger surface area. In one embodiment, the OTEC plant is a 500 KW plant, and the greenhouses each have a surface area of between about 1,250 m2 to about 5,000 m2. In a further embodiment, a 500 MW OTEC plant is provided with greenhouses each having a surface area of about 125,000 m2 to 500,000 m2.|[0060] The surface under these greenhouses will preferably be lined with black impermeable plastic linings or geomembranes, similar to those that are used in landfills. This will assist in absorbing and transferring solar radiation to a free-flowing layer of seawater approximately 10 cm deep disposed across the length and width of each greenhouse. The depth of water in the greenhouses can range from less than 1 cm to 500 cm, for example, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, or 500 cm. In areas requiring significant solar heating of the seawater, in a preferred embodiment, the greenhouses are each about 250 m to about 1,000 m long and about 250 m to about 1,000 m wide and 3 m to about 5 m high.|[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the greenhouses are constructed from a plastic material. In a specific embodiment, the greenhouses are constructed from double layered improved polyethylene (PE) with 180 μm PE UV IR outer folia and 50 μm inner folia. In this embodiment, the greenhouse spans will cover multiple gutter-connected tunnels of approximately 10 meters in width and approximately 3 to 4 meters in height.14 In a preferred embodiment, the inter-connected tunnels are supported by plastic beams standing in the pool of freely flowing seawater on the ground of the greenhouses.|[0062] At the entrance to the greenhouses, the water is nutrient-rich seawater from depth at a temperature of approximately 5° C. to 10° C., or surface seawater at a temperature of about 10° C. to 25° C. and as it flows towards the exit of the greenhouse, it reaches temperatures of over 30° C., for example, 40° C., 45° C., 50° C., 55° C. or hotter. The flow rate of the water can be altered to control the length of time the water spends in the greenhouse, and thereby control the temperature of the water leaving the greenhouse. Typically, the flow rate will be between 2 to 6 m/minute, preferably 4 m/minute.|[0063] Water vapor evaporating in the greenhouses as a consequence of the solar heating can be trapped inside the greenhouse. In one embodiment, the water vapor may be actively moved through the greenhouses to a large condenser, where it is cooled using seawater pumped from depth, which is at approximately 5° C.|[0064] In one aspect hereof, the freshwater condensate can be captured. It is estimated that in this manner, the water vapor created in a 12-hour period in one 50,000 m2 greenhouse will, on average, produce at least 600 tons (m3) of freshwater per day. Since there are up to 40 greenhouses associated with a 100 MW plant in the preferred embodiment, 24,000 tons of freshwater can be extracted from the water vapor in the greenhouses alone, independent of the freshwater generated during OTEC power generation. Given the use of cold seawater already pumped for use in OTEC, it can also be used to cool the greenhouse water vapor, thereby creating freshwater condensate. It requires very little additional energy to harvest this additional freshwater resource from the water vapor created in the greenhouses. The greenhouse condensation step is performed in the secondary cycle already used for the condensation of water vapor generated through the OTEC cycle.|[0065] Another advantage of the greenhouse pre-treatment step is that it enables the control of the conditions under which the algae are grown. For example, solar heating the water in the greenhouse can be used to inactivate competing or deleterious organisms that might otherwise contaminate the coccolithophorid algae aquaculture or foul the equipment. Similarly, if there is unwanted biomass or particulates that might sediment in the aquaculture ponds, these contaminants can be effectively settled and removed from the seawater as it is travelling the length of the greenhouses.|[0066] In embodiments that involve the addition of nutrients to the seawater to optimize conditions for coccolithophorid algal growth in aquaculture, the nutrients may be added to the warmed water in the greenhouse to facilitate their dissolution.|[0067] By controlling the flow-rate of the water through the greenhouse, the temperature of the water can be adjusted before it enters the aquaculture ponds to ensure temperature stability in the aquaculture preserve, in spite of seasonal and environmental changes. Typically, the flow rate will be between 2 to 6 m/minute, preferably 4 m/minute. At a flow rate between 2 to 6 m/minute, the solar heating of the water will typically be approximately 0.10° C. per minute to 0.5° C. per minute and higher.|[0068] If, after mixing, the temperature of the blended cold and warm water is still too high to support coccolithophorid growth, it can be cooled. In one embodiment, the conditioned water is cooled by combining it with cold seawater pumped from depth. In a further embodiment, water temperature entering the aquaculture ponds can be adjusted to the optimum temperature for coccolithophorid growth by blending greenhouse-treated water and cold deep seawater. In another embodiment, the conditioned water is cooled by running it through a shaded section of the aquaculture pond before it is seeded with algae.|Energy Extraction|[0069] The seawater running through the greenhouse will have been heated and carry large amounts of solar energy. This warmed seawater coming out of the greenhouses can be passed through an energy extraction system to extract the captured solar energy and convert it to electricity.|[0070] The primary purpose of extracting heat energy from the greenhouse-heated seawater is to generate the energy necessary to move the large volumes of seawater that are required for the coccolithophorid algal aquaculture. Even though the pumps will only have to pump water over a small distance and height, the pumps will move large quantities of water. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, with a 100 MW OTEC plant, 400,000 tons/hour cold water and 400,000 tons/hour of surface seawater are pumped through the OTEC plant over a 24-hour period, equivalent to 19.2 million tons of water/day. The secondary purpose of energy extraction is, therefore, to create excess energy that can be sold and/or drive complementary services and processes, for example, the harvesting of algae.|[0071] Due to the heat capacity of water, this energy extraction system is stable and based on the bulk heat trapped in seawater and, thus, will be unaffected by temporary fluctuations such as changes in weather conditions like cloud cover.|[0072] In some embodiments, OTEC facilities can be used to generate electricity at night in the conventional mode, i.e., without greenhouse solar-heated water, to generate additional electricity on a 24-hour cycle. For those OTEC plants located in areas where the surface water is sufficiently hot to drive the OTEC energy production process without solar heating, energy flow is continuous, even after solar heating has stopped during the night. In other embodiments, the heated greenhouse water can be stored in large surge tanks to provide hot seawater after dark, thereby extending the operational hours of the heated-seawater OTEC system after dark.|OTEC|[0073] Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) has been in development and piloted extensively (see, Cuba 1930, Cote d'Ivoire 1956, Keahole Point 1979, Nauru 1982-84, Hawaii 1993). OTEC is, therefore, a well-established technology that is used to generate electricity based on the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cooler deep seawater. Conventional OTEC is designed to exploit the temperature gradient of cool (4° C. to 7° C.) seawater and warm (20° C. to 28° C.) surface seawater to generate electricity.|[0074] OTEC works by pumping large volumes of warm, generally surface seawater over a series of evaporators to create a driving gas that spins turbines. The driving gas then is condensed in a heat exchanger with cold deep seawater.|[0075] There are four major variants of OTEC, any of which are suitable for use in the invention. The four major variants of OTEC are:| - Closed cycle—where the warm water evaporates a driving gas, such as ammonia, that is then condensed with cold seawater in a closed system. The closed cycle uses a Rankine process with a low pressure turbine.| - Open cycle—the Claude process where the warm water is used to create low pressure steam through flash evaporation in a low pressure chamber. The low pressure steam is then used to drive turbines and can then be condensed and harvested as freshwater.| - Kalina process—which can be run in a closed cycle mode using a mixed ammonia/water as the low boiling point liquid used to drive the turbines more efficiently, thereby increasing the energy yield of the OTEC process.| - Hybrid process—where the warm and cold seawater used for power is driven through a secondary loop used for the evaporation and condensation of water vapor to create large amounts of freshwater.|[0080] The particular OTEC system chosen will depend on the local geography and can be configured as required to maximize the production of energy or freshwater in addition to creating the algal biomass.|[0081] OTEC can be deployed in modules according to the volumes of water treated. The solar heating of the seawater in the invention leads to a higher relative temperature differential between the greenhouse-heated water and the coastal deep seawater than is found in conventional OTEC systems. This increased temperature differential increases the efficiency of the OTEC system. At a temperature differential of around 40° C. between the deep ocean water and the solar heated water, a much higher energy extraction efficiency is expected.|[0082] In conventional OTEC systems, given the low temperature differential of the surface seawater to the cold deep water of approximately 15° C., the energy extraction yield is theoretically limited to 6% to 7%.15 However, practically, the yield is closer to 2.16% for the Rankine process or 4.5% for the Kalina process.16 |[0083] In the modified OTEC systems used in the invention, the theoretical thermodynamically maximum energy yield increases from a maximum 7% to about 8.4% and, consequently, the operational energy yield can increase approximately from less than 4.5% to greater than 5%.|[0084] The increase in efficiency is due, in part, to the increased energy content of the solar-heated seawater used in the invention, which results in a 240% increase in kWhr yield during daylight operating hours and more than a 20% increase in extraction yield. A further increase in efficiency is due to the ease with which the heated seawater will create low pressure steam through flash evaporation in the low pressure chamber of the hybrid open-cycle OTEC system.|[0085] In a further aspect, also provided is a method for increasing the efficiency of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) wherein the source water for the OTEC process is i) cold seawater and ii) seawater that has been warmed in land-based greenhouses using solar energy. In a further embodiment of this aspect hereof, there is provided a system for generating energy using OTEC comprising a means for heating seawater using solar energy and an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system adapted to use the heated surface water from step a) and cold seawater.|[0086] OTEC offers additional benefits when used in accordance with the method hereof. For example, as described above, it can be used to generate freshwater. It is estimated herein that up to 120,000 tons of freshwater per day can be generated by a single 100 MW OTEC plant. This side-product may be especially beneficial in the arid locations where the invention will be exploited. Furthermore, the increased evaporation efficiency described above also significantly increases the yield of freshwater from the desalination component of the OTEC systems hereof.|Water Conditioning|[0087] By running the seawater through the greenhouse for solar heating, the system hereof pre-treats the seawater before it is used for aquaculture. In one embodiment, the water running through the greenhouse is a blend of nutrient-rich deep water and seawater (previously used for condensation of freshwater in adjacent greenhouses). Depending on the season, these waters can be nutrient-depleted or harbor an abundance of confounding but naturally occurring organisms. Running the water through the greenhouses permits the adjustment of water quality, for example, by adding nutrients or removing unwanted or competing biomass. This water conditioning stage also permits a small time buffer for seawater analysis and process adjustments to ensure that water entering the ponds will support maximum algal yield.|[0088] Conditioning the seawater in the greenhouses before it is used for aquaculture has several advantages. Naturally occurring organisms are effectively inactivated in the heat and by the intense solar radiation of the greenhouses and thereby are prevented from out-competing the desired algae, fouling the aquaculture ponds or stimulating the growth of coccolithovirus. Naturally occurring and inactivated biomass can be harvested before the water enters the aquaculture preserve. Measures to prevent fouling of equipment and the aquaculture ponds can be taken. In one embodiment, water purification using peroxide can be carried out before the heated seawater runs through the energy extraction or aquaculture process.|[0089] Nutrients can be added to the water as it passes thorough the conditioning phase. In one embodiment, calcium minerals can be added, in particular, in the form of apatite, to stimulate and maximize high yield coccolithophorid growth and prevent acidification of the seawater. In a preferred embodiment, calcium-rich minerals, nitrate and inorganic phosphate, for example, in hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH), Ca5(PO4)3F and Ca5(PO4)3Cl), calcium nitrate, fertilizer known as Norwegian saltpeter (Ca(NO3)2),17 can be added to enhance growth. In some embodiments, alkali minerals can be added to directly counteract ocean acidification including CaCO3 to re-mineralize the water, CaO (quick lime) to replace Ca directly and alkalize the seawater and ensure that the seawater reaches the same degree of Ca super-saturation it would have had before ocean acidification.|[0090] The minerals can be added at multiple points when the seawater is pumped or processed including in the OTEC plant, in the greenhouses while the water is being heated, while the water is entering and passing through the aquaculture ponds, provided for the growth of seed algae in seeding ponds that do not form part of the aquaculture ponds, added together with the inoculants of algae used to seed the seawater and/or applied after the algae have been harvested and the seawater is returned to the ocean.|[0091] Minerals can be dissolved or added as a slurry to return the seawater to a natural state of super-saturation with respect to calcium ions.18 The algal growth itself will accelerate the dissolution of minerals and accelerate the absorption of minerals. This returns the seawater to natural levels of Ca super-saturation (between 200% to 420% Ca super-saturation) and pH. It also actively mitigates ocean acidification, even after the water has been discharged from the aquaculture ponds. In many proposed coastal regions, the seawater brought into the OTEC plants will be of lower Ca super-saturation (due to ocean acidification) and this method will actively improve local seawater quality.|[0092] Because of the nutrient-rich deep waters used to cool the heat exchangers in the OTEC facilities, relatively few nutrients will have to be added to support high E. huxleyi growth rates. However, micro-nutrients and minerals may also be added to replace the Ca sequestered in the E. huxleyi and prevent ocean acidification and boost algal growth. Similarly, HCO3− bicarbonate ions may be added to ensure that E. huxleyi is not growth limited due to low carbon availability.|Aquaculture Ponds|[0093] Aquaculture ponds can be built from low cost materials as they only require the shaping of land without concrete retention walls or firm structures. These coastal aquaculture ponds can be built similarly to prawn or shrimp aquaculture ponds. Highway building equipment used to sculpt the landscape before construction is sufficient. Aquaculture ponds are preferably long, wide, shallow troughs with an earthen barrier that retains the seawater. The bottom of the aquaculture ponds is preferably lined with impermeable material. If necessary, a clay lining can be spread underneath the water barrier to prevent saltwater intrusion onto land. In a preferred embodiment, each aquaculture pond can be lined with 10 cm to 20 cm thick clay lining or geomembranes used in landfills and then covered with layers of impermeable white plastic lining or geomembrane. In addition to the clay lining, in some embodiments the aquaculture ponds also comprise a 2 mm to 5 mm thick synthetic liner such as HDPE will be used to prevent intrusion of seawater onto land. The advantage of synthetic liners such as HDPE is that they are easily repaired, edges can be fused (to seal leaks) and they are very robust. If the land needs to be repurposed, the lining can be readily removed and the earthen barriers leveled.|[0094] The aquaculture ponds are scaled to hold about 1 to 20 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, even more preferably 6 days' worth of aquaculture seawater that is being emitted from the OTEC-greenhouse combination plus the water introduced from the seeding ponds. In a preferred embodiment, the aquaculture ponds are configured to accommodate the water from a greenhouse that heats 240,000 tons of seawater per day per greenhouse and an equivalent of 240,000 tons of OTEC pumped cold seawater, plus the inoculants from the seeding ponds of approximately 40,000 tons per day. This equals approximately 520,000 tons of seawater entering in the array of aquaculture ponds each day. For 6 days residence time in the aquaculture ponds, the total volume of an aquaculture pond in a preferred embodiment is approximately 3.1 million tons (m3) of seawater. The typical depth of a single aquaculture pond is 3 meters, which ensures maximum atmospheric gas exchange. The surface area of a typical aquaculture pond will be approximately 1 km2. In a preferred embodiment, there will be approximately 40 aquaculture ponds and four seeding ponds for each 100 MW OTEC plant. As a person skilled in the art will appreciate, the total number and size of the aquaculture ponds will vary with the size of the OTEC plant. For example, in one embodiment, the OTEC plant is a 500 KW plant, which is provided with up to 2 km2 of aquaculture ponds and a seeding pond of a correspondingly adjusted size. In a further embodiment, a 500 MW plant is provided with approximately 200 km2 of aquaculture ponds, and 20 seeding ponds.|Configuration of System Components|[0095] The configuration of the OTEC plants, greenhouses, seeding ponds, aquaculture ponds and harvesting area is flexible and can be configured to adapt to local geographic and meteorological conditions. Since water may flow over large distances between greenhouses, pipes can be laid to move the seawater where it is needed. These pipes may be insulated to preserve the appropriate water temperature. A typical arrangement of the components is shown in FIG. 1.|[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the OTEC plant is a 100 MW plant. Typically, this size of OTEC plant can support 40 greenhouses, 4 seeding ponds for the initial growth of the inoculant algae, and 40 aquaculture ponds with a total volume of 3.1 million m3, and associated harvesting areas. Depending on the local climate and the ambient temperature of the surface water, each greenhouse covers on average 50,000 m2.|[0097] Given that the greenhouses need to supply the OTEC plants with heated water, the greenhouses can be located in close proximity to the OTEC plant, reducing the need to move the heated water over large distances. Since the temperature of the discharge from the OTEC plant is less critical before it enters the aquaculture pond, these can be transported over larger distances without fear of heat loss.|[0098] For these reason, the aquaculture ponds can be aligned close to the coast, hugging the coastline either in single file or arranged in parallel rows, while the greenhouses are clustered around a central OTEC plant. This T-shaped arrangement will reduce pipelines needed and allows for the sharing of algal harvesting equipment, for example, reducing overall capital costs.|Carbon Offsetting|[0099] Current forecasts for carbon offsets per ton of CO2 sequestered range from $7 to $170 between now and 2050.19 These estimates are based on extrapolation of the experience with the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) that established a functioning carbon market with a large-scale emissions cap and trade system. Between April 2005 and April 2006, the spot price averaged at approximately £22 per ton carbon offset. These prices are premised on the assumption that CO2 emitting industries and sources can trade their emissions for carbon offsets that reduce equivalent emissions elsewhere. Challenges to the system have included the fact that the reduction in emissions are difficult to verify and that offsetting reductions in emission would have happened anyway (thereby reducing the value of the offsets). New proposals for Cap and Trade systems are under discussion before the Copenhagen meeting in Copenhagen 2009.|[0100] The methods of carbon sequestration hereof are immune to both these challenges. Firstly, the sequestered carbon is physically available for analysis and can be documented without any ambiguity. Secondly, none of the biomass would have been created otherwise. The purpose of the scheme is entirely to create additional biomass from abundant resources without offsetting other food, biomass-generating or carbon fixing activities (and without creating new sources of CO2 emission, for example, through the burning of fossil fuel to generate the power needed to operate the system). The carbon intensity of traditional OTEC is already lower than that of hydroelectric power.|[0101] Based on these advantages, the methods hereof qualify for the highest quality carbon offset ratings and can secure the maximum rewards available through direct payments. Alternatively, revenue can be generated from the biomass generated alongside the CaCO3, making the system independent of the carbon offset market.|[0102] All references cited herein are incorporated in their entirety.|[0103] The disclosure will now be described in detail, with specific reference to a system that utilizes the coccolithophorid algae Emiliana huxleyi. It will be appreciated that modification of detail can be made without departing from the scope hereof. | (US8440439)|CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS|[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/998,764, filed Sep. 13, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,278,082, which application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Patent Application PCT/GB2009/002568, filed Oct. 28, 2009, designating the United States of America and published in English as International Patent Publication WO2010/049687 A1 on May 6, 2010, which claims the benefit under Article 8 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty to Great Britain Patent Application Serial No. 0819865.7, filed Oct. 29, 2008, the disclosure of the entirety of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by this reference.|(US8440439)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0002] The disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon using natural carbon fixation. In particular, the disclosure relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae.|BACKGROUND|[0003] Excess global warming that is currently taking place is thought to be largely caused by human activity increasing the “greenhouse effect.” Since the industrial revolution, anthropogenic emissions have increased the amount of greenhouse gasses present in the atmosphere. In particular, combustion of fossil fuels has led to an increase in the atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gas CO2.|[0004] In order to mitigate the effects of global warming caused by atmospheric CO2, attempts have been made to capture and sequester carbon. CO2 can be captured at point sources, such as power or cement plants, to prevent it from being released into the atmosphere or it can be removed from the atmosphere at remote sites with technologies that remove CO2 directly from the air.|[0005] Once captured, the CO2 can be stored in a number of ways; for example, in deep geological formations, in deep ocean masses, in the form of mineral carbonates or in the form of bio-char. In the case of deep ocean storage, there is a risk of re-emission and of greatly increasing the problem of ocean acidification, a problem that also stems from the excess of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere and oceans. Geological formations are currently considered the most promising sequestration sites.1 However, the use of limited geological sites requires transport of the CO2 in pipelines, either as a gas or as a supercritical liquid. CO2 storage in geological formations is, therefore, associated with further energy consumption to transport the CO2 and to inject it into underground geological formations. Leakage of the stored carbon is also a major concern with both ocean and geological carbon sequestration.|[0006] Mineral sequestration traps carbon in the form of solid carbonate metal salts. One way to sequester carbon as carbonates is to use algae, in particular, coccolithophorid algae, which are marine algae that form CaCO3 coccoliths. These algae take up CO2 from the atmosphere to form coccoliths, thus removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in mineral form. Natural ocean-based coccolithophorid algal blooms are a well-documented method of carbon fixation in coccoliths as is evidenced by many limestone deposits worldwide. However, ocean blooms of coccolithophorid algae are unpredictable, and the algae cannot be harvested to ensure that the sequestered carbon is stored long-term to prevent its re-release back into the environment via remineralization of the algae after they complete their periodic and unpredictable, growth cycle. Natural blooms do not suffice to compensate for the increased atmospheric CO2 2 and cannot be controlled.|SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0007] The inventor hereof has concluded that many problems that are associated with the manipulation of ocean-based blooms of natural algae for carbon sequestration can be overcome by the use of land-based aquaculture of coccolithophorid and other algae. However, land-based aquaculture requires large amounts of nutrient-rich seawater, and also requires large amounts of space for the aquaculture preserve.|[0008] Provided is a method of sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere into solid form, the method comprising:| - culturing coccolithophorid algae in seawater using land-based aquaculture under conditions wherein atmospheric CO2 is converted by the algae into CaCO3 and/or bio-char;| - wherein the seawater in which the algae are cultured is the discharge of an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) process; and| - wherein the source water for the OTEC process is provided by i) cold seawater and ii) seawater that has been warmed in land-based greenhouses using solar energy.|[0012] The method makes use of an OTEC process that has been modified to make it suitable for use in combination with large-scale land-based aquaculture of coccolithophorid algae for carbon sequestration. OTEC is a method for generating electricity that utilizes the temperature difference that exists between deep and shallow waters. The use of OTEC is currently limited to particular geographical areas where the temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deep seawater is large, ideally at least 20° C. This temperature difference only really occurs in equatorial waters, defined as lying between 10° N and 10° S, which are adequate.3 In these areas, coastal land use is intensive. In contrast, in areas where there is significant availability of coastal land that lies unused, the surface water is cool and, thus, there is an insufficient temperature differential for OTEC to function efficiently.|[0013] The inventor hereof has realized that by heating seawater using solar energy under controlled conditions, a sufficient temperature difference can be established between this heated water and cooler, nutrient-rich deep seawater to allow OTEC to be used in regions where land is unutilized and/or available. This modified OTEC system can thus be used in regions with vast areas of arid, desert or under-utilized or non-productive coastal land (such as in the Gulf States, the Californian Peninsula in Mexico, Australia, Western, Northern and Southern Africa and Chile), which are ideal for large-scale land-based aquaculture. Because this land is commonly not used for economic benefit, the economics of this modified system become practical for carbon sequestration.|[0014] This solves several problems from which land-based aquaculture of marine algae suffers, at least in the context of carbon sequestration. Of course, pumping nutrient-rich seawater onto land requires large amounts of energy. Given that the purpose of these aquaculture preserves is to provide a net carbon sink, any CO2 produced in order to supply the water for the aquaculture must be more than offset within the CO2 that is sequestered by the algae. Thus, only renewable, or carbon neutral, sources of energy are suitable in this context. Examples of renewable energy sources include solar energy, high altitude and ground level wind power, tidal, hydroelectric, and biomass fueled power generation. Other carbon neutral, although not renewable energy sources, such as nuclear or geothermal power may also be suitable to generate the power necessary to pump the large quantities of water for the aquaculture preserves. Both nuclear and geothermal power have the advantage of creating heated water that could be exploited by OTEC.|[0015] A much preferred source of energy for use in the method hereof is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), for example, as described in references 3 and 4. One reason for this is that one of the by-products of OTEC is an abundant supply of nutrient-rich deep seawater, which is generally considered to be a by-product of OTEC, and is referred to herein as OTEC discharge. This makes OTEC a suitable source of energy to combine with aquaculture, as described in references 5 and 6 describing the combination of sea-water wells extending through rock and aquaculture with power generation. The sea-water well concept is limited to favorable geological conditions, for example, encountered in Hawaii. However, improvements in pipe-technology achieve the same benefits of seawater wells without being geographically confined.|[0016] OTEC has been used in combination with open-water aquaculture for food products, such as high-value farmable commercial species and algae for human consumption. However, these sites are limited in scale. Because the regions that are currently suited to the application of OTEC are also regions in which the land surrounding the OTEC sites is valuable land, for example, for agricultural, habitational or recreational purposes, such as narrow coastal bays in Hawaii, OTEC cannot be used on a very large scale in these environments. For example, a 100 MW OTEC power plant in combination with land-based coccolithophorid algal aquaculture to be suitable to sequester large amounts of atmospheric CO2 requires an area of approximately 40 km2 of aquaculture preserve or greater. For these reasons, it would hitherto not have been considered to combine OTEC with large-scale land-based aquaculture because the land available for the large aquaculture preserves has relevant alternative economic utility. Indeed, the OTEC systems that are presently known in the art are not suitable to be used as an energy source to supply seawater for land-based aquaculture of coccolithophorid algae for large-scale carbon sequestration.|[0017] As well as extending the geographical range of OTEC, heating seawater prior to use in OTEC is also advantageous because it increases the temperature difference between the hot and cold water, thus increasing the efficiency of the OTEC system.|[0018] A further advantage of the method of carbon sequestration described herein, in which the surface water is heated before use in OTEC, is that the water is heated to a temperature that inactivates substantially all micro-organisms, thus reducing bio-fouling of the OTEC system, the heat exchangers or the subsequent aquaculture preserves.|[0019] Carbon sequestration methods currently exist that are based on the stimulation of growth of algae in the ocean. However, the methods hereof are distinct from these in that they are carried out using land-based aquaculture. Per the disclosure, algal growth takes place in an aquaculture preserve, which has several advantages.|[0020] In one embodiment of the method hereof, discharge from OTEC may be combined with cold seawater to provide water at the optimum temperature for coccolithophorid algae aquaculture. In an alternative embodiment, discharge from OTEC may be cooled by running it through a shaded area before it is seeded with algae. In this manner, the culture conditions such as water temperature can be adjusted such that the algae grow at a much higher density than are commonly found in their natural environment.|[0021] Nutrient availability can also be tightly controlled, both by varying the amount of nutrient-rich and cold seawater from depths of up to 1,000 meters that enters the aquaculture preserve, or by adding exogenous nutrients to the aquaculture water. The step of adding exogenous nutrients to the aquaculture water forms a further aspect hereof.|[0022] A still further advantage is that algal growth is isolated from the ocean ecosystem. This mitigates most, if not all, of the environmental problems associated with ocean-based algal blooms. In ocean-based blooms, currents and atmospheric conditions can rapidly and unpredictably alter the growth environment. Predatory or competing organisms can adversely affect the growth of the desired algae. Nutrients may be depleted or where nutrients are available at depth, there is insufficient sunlight to sustain the bloom. Containing microalgae in ocean-based aquaculture is impractical since the containment structures would have to be impermeable to microscopic organisms on the outside of the aquaculture facility. Managing the algal bloom in situ also requires the effective harvesting of algae under dynamic open ocean conditions, which are not as stable and predictable as land-based aquaculture.|[0023] Furthermore, using land-based aquaculture, there can be no uncertainty or ambiguity as to the amount of carbon that is sequestered. The coccolithophorid algae can be harvested as one aspect of the process, thus allowing the amount of sequestered carbon to be tangibly measured and quantified. The step of harvesting the coccolithophorid algae thus forms a further aspect hereof.|[0024] Once the algae have been harvested, the culture water can be returned to the ocean. After having been used for aquaculture of coccolithophorid algae, the culture water generated in the method hereof will contain significantly less dissolved CO2 than ambient seawater and can, therefore, contribute to the reduction of ocean acidification. If necessary, the culture water can be supplemented with dissolved calcium minerals to offset the effects of ocean acidification, which is itself associated with detrimental environmental effects. This is particularly relevant in the context of coastal coral that are particularly sensitive to ocean acidification. Therefore, provided is a method of carbon sequestration as described herein, further comprising returning the water to the sea after harvesting the coccolithophorid algae.|[0025] Also provided is a system for carbon sequestration, the system comprising:| - a) means to heat seawater using solar power,| - b) an OTEC system using heated surface seawater and cold deep seawater; and| - c) a land-based coccolithophorid algae aquaculture preserve provided with water from the OTEC system of part b).|[0029] In one embodiment, the aquaculture preserve comprises “aquaculture ponds.” As used herein, the term “aquaculture ponds” is intended to describe man-made ponds that are long and narrow in shape and that provide a flow-through system for the aquaculture water. It is preferred that the aquaculture ponds form a large surface area for growth of the algae. Indeed, provided is an economically viable method of carbon sequestration in part because of the large scale of the aquaculture preserve. In one embodiment, combining a 100 MW OTEC plant with greenhouses and the aquaculture preserve gives a total surface area of 30 km2 to 100 km2 or 50 km2 to 100 km2, depending on configuration and, in a particular embodiment, the surface area is about 65 km2. Local geography permitting, this arrangement of an OTEC plant, a greenhouse and aquaculture preserve can be significantly smaller, for example, for a 500 KW OTEC plant, the surface area could be less than approximately 1.5 km2. Similarly, larger OTEC power plants can be combined with aquaculture preserves that match their discharge. For example, a 500 MW OTEC plant, greenhouse, aquaculture assembly would require approximately 300 km2.|[0030] In one embodiment, the OTEC plant with greenhouses and aquaculture preserve are a model system, and have a total surface area of 0.5 km2 to 1 km2 or less. For many locations, the surface area required for the greenhouses will be approximately half of the surface area required for the aquaculture ponds. In the preferred embodiment near a cold surface water ocean outside of the conventional OTEC tropical ocean sites, this means approximately 20 km2 for the greenhouses and 40 km2 for the aquaculture ponds.|[0031] In any of the methods and systems described herein, the means to heat seawater using solar power may be a greenhouse. In one embodiment, the greenhouse is made of a plastic material.|[0032] In any of the methods and systems described herein, the coccolithophorid algae may preferably be a strain of Emiliana huxleyi. Other examples include, but are not limited to, strains of Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Coccolithus braarudii, Braarudosphaera bigelowi, and Syracosphaera pulchra.|(US8440439)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING|[0033] FIG. 1: Schematic diagram of the system for sequestering carbon.|(US8440439)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|Methods of Carbon Sequestration|[0034] The method is based on growing large quantities of carbon sequestering coccolithophorid algae in nutrient-rich water, originating from deep coastal seawater, on land. First, seawater is pumped from depth to sea level. Deep seawater is more nutrient rich than surface water and has a higher concentration of supersaturated Ca++ ions in solution and, thus, is better suited for use in aquaculture. A portion of the water is heated, preferably using solar energy, for example, by passing the water through large greenhouses for solar heating. If sufficiently nutrient rich, an alternative source of warm water can be surface seawater. This raises the temperature of the water to over 30° C., for example, to 35° C., 40° C., 45° C., 50° C., 55° C. or hotter. The remainder is not heated and, therefore, remains at a temperature of about 5° C. to 10° C., for example, 5° C., 6° C., 7° C., 8° C., 9° C., or 10° C. The heated and unheated water is then used to generate electricity using OTEC. The electricity generated by this process can be used to process algae that have been grown in the aquaculture preservers. The energy can also be used to pump the deep seawater to the surface, and/or to pump water through additional aquaculture preserve, thereby increasing the aquaculture yield while reducing the total OTEC-generated power available for resale.|[0035] The discharge water from the greenhouses and OTEC condensers can be combined in an aquaculture preserve to provide water at a temperature suitable for coccolithophorid algal growth. The water can be combined to provide an optimum growth temperature. The optimum growth temperature will depend on the particular coccolithophorid algae species and is typically between 15° C. and 25° C., for example, 15° C., 16° C., 17° C., 18° C., 19° C., 20° C., 21° C., 22° C., 23° C., 24° C. or 25° C. or warmer.|[0036] Coccolithophorid algae are cultured in the aquaculture preserve, generally for several days. In a preferred embodiment, the algae are cultured for four to seven days, but may be cultured for up to twenty days. In one embodiment, the algae are cultured for six days. During this time of exponential growth, the algae sequester CO2 as CaCO3 in the coccoliths or plates surrounding their cells. These calcite plates increase in number according to environmental conditions or until the cells reach a steady-state growth phase and at which point the coccoliths may increase further in number per cell.|[0037] After passing through the aquaculture preserve for several days, the algae may be removed from the seawater. The seawater may then be returned to the sea. The harvested algae can be dried, for example, sun-dried. The CO2 taken up during the aquaculture process is stored in the dried algae as CaCO3 and dried biomass.|[0038] Sun-drying the biomass for long-term stock-piling near the aquaculture preserve is the simplest option for carbon storage. It requires the least infrastructure and investment and takes advantage of the total carbon captured in the biomass, and not only that captured in the coccoliths. Sun-dried biomass can be readily quantified and the carbon content can be demonstrably verified. Thus, the methods hereof are, therefore, suitable for the highest grade carbon offset schemes, as the amount of carbon sequestration is physically available for analysis and quantification.|[0039] In a separate embodiment, the coccoliths and biomass are separated and processed independently of each other. The coccoliths are inert and can be readily stockpiled. The total volume of dried coccoliths to sequester 1 billion tons of CO2 in the form of CaCO3 coccoliths is estimated at 2,611 kg/m3 is 869,400 m3 sequestered per year or a volume of 20 meters high by 200 meters wide by 200 meters long. Given that this is distributed over many sites, for example, 1,000 aquaculture preserves in several countries, this does not represent a significant disposal or storage burden for any one site. In one embodiment, the space required for disposal is 10 x 10 x 1.75 meters of CaCO3 per algal aquaculture pond per year.|[0040] In an alternative embodiment, the harvested algae can be fragmented into multiple components. Processing of the harvested algae at a basic pH enables the separation of the coccoliths from the remaining organic biomass. Once extracted, the organic biomass can be used for the production of bio-fuel, biological oils, fatty acids and other materials that can be used for the generation of, for example, animal feedstock. In a further embodiment, the remnants or bio-char from such further processing could be used to enrich the soil of, or to create fertilizer for, local agriculture.|[0041] The additional processing is optional and can be performed based on the desirability of creating additional products from the organic biomass, which would reduce the overall yield of the sequestered carbon although renewable resources created from the biomass would still qualify for carbon offset payments. Energy required for additional processing can be supplied from OTEC.|Coccolithophorid Algae|[0042] Coccolithophorid algae are single-celled algae belonging to the division haptophytes. A model coccolithophorid alga for use in the invention is Emiliana huxleyi, or a variant thereof. E. huxleyi naturally blooms in waters between 15° C. and 20° C. and higher. Unlike other algae, its growth does not become inhibited by high levels of sunlight. During exponential growth, each cell produces approximately twenty CaCO3 plates or coccoliths. These coccoliths, therefore, sequester carbon in mineral form and, therefore, sequester carbon in a robust manner. Coccolithophorid blooms often occur in relatively calm water, so providing another advantage in the context hereof relative to other algae. Because coccolithophorid algae can grow in calm water, there is little or no need for agitation of the aquaculture water beyond that provided by the movement of the water through the aquaculture ponds.|[0043] A further advantage of E. huxleyi, in particular, is its rapid growth. E. huxleyi grows rapidly and after four to seven days of land-based aquaculture, it will achieve as many as ten doublings or up to a thousand-fold increase in biomass. Under ideal culture conditions, E. huxleyi is capable of up to two doubling per day.7 |[0044] By comparison, in the open ocean, coccolithophorid algae growth is limited by sub-optimal temperatures, limited nutrient availability, aging of the bloom and other biological and environmental factors.|[0045] In the land-based aquaculture hereof and, in particular, in the aquaculture ponds that are a preferred feature of the described system, nutrients including phosphate, nitrate and calcium can be added in a controlled manner to ensure that the coccolithophorid algae grow at a higher density than that which can be achieved in ocean-based aquaculture. Furthermore, maximum exposure to light can be ensured, such that no biomass is lost due to sinking out of optimal light zones. In addition, biological contamination can be minimized by the pre-treatment of the seawater in the greenhouses before it is used for aquaculture.|[0046] Another advantage of E. huxleyi is that as the algae mature, they begin releasing long extra-cellular organic molecules called Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEPs).8 Together with coagulants and flocculants, these large molecules dramatically increase aggregation of the algae.|[0047] Flocculants and coagulants used in wastewater treatment, such as alum and polymeric flocculants, can rapidly accelerate the formation or “marine snow” as mature algae aggregate. These aggregates rapidly settle and can be easily harvested, thus reducing the cost of harvesting the algae and extracting biomass from the seawater. In an alternative embodiment, the aggregates can be rapidly floated to the surface using fine bubble aeration. This can be accomplished by placing long rows of fine bubble aerators along the bottom of the final stretch of the aquaculture ponds to create rows of bubble curtains that carry the “marine snow” to the surface for harvesting by mechanical skimmers. As the aggregated algae accumulates, the aggregates can be removed using automated systems skimmers directly from the surface of the aquaculture water creating an algal slurry at approximately ten ten-fold concentration of the algae.|[0048] An alternative harvesting technique is dissolved air floatation to concentrate the algae on the surface of the aquaculture water for simple skimming, as is commonly employed in wastewater treatment.9 These well-established industrial and wastewater treatment techniques can purify very large volumes of water. In another alternative, the aquaculture water can be passed through circular centrally driven clarifiers (for example, suction clarifiers) to harvest the algae from the aquaculture water. The harvested aggregated algal sludge still retains a significant quantity of seawater. This sludge can be further thickened in deep cone thickeners or clarifiers. To significantly accelerate this thickening process, cationic flocculants can be used to clump the algae into clumps effecting another five to fifteen-fold concentration. This algal paste can then be transported on conveyor belts to drying fields that are also lined with geofabrics or geomembranes to dry in the ambient desert air where the aggregated algae are dried, as is common, for example, with commercial crops.|[0049] The system does not have to be populated with E. huxleyi. Other coccolithophorid algae can also be used. Aquaculture parameters can be changed to optimize growth of any chosen coccolithophorid or other desirable algae.|[0050] After the algae have been harvested, the water can be treated, for example, by being passed through the greenhouses again to heat inactivate any remaining cells. In this way, the potentially negative impact of the aquaculture water being discharged into local seawater can be eliminated. Alternatively, the used seawater can be pumped to a depth where it bypasses the local surface seawater entirely.|Carbon Fixation by Coccolithophorid Algae|[0051] As a result of the differences in molecular weight of CO2 and CaCO3 (CO2 has a molecular weight of 44 MW; CaCO3 has a molecular weight of 100 MW), to grow sufficient coccolithophorid calcite plates to sequester one billion tons of CO2, 2.27 billion tons of coccoliths have to be grown. Since a single coccolith (one of about 20 to 30 plates during exponential growth) of an Emiliana huxleyi cell10 typically weighs 18 to 26 pg, each coccolithophorid cell can sequester approximately 230 pg of CO2.|[0052] Under unmodified natural growth conditions in unmodified surface seawater, i.e., ocean-based, coccolithophorid blooms have a typical density of 3 x 108 cells/liter.11 This equates to the creation of about 0.156 gr/calcite per liter in the form of coccoliths. This is well below the potentially maximum limit of available ˜0.95 gr of CaCO3 sequestered per liter of seawater as dictated by the availability of naturally available dissolved calcium while preserving the stoichiometry of dissolved calcium in seawater. By comparison, conditioned seawater enriched with nutrients can sustain much higher growth rates, reaching a much higher cell density of about 1 x 1010 cells/liter7 in K media12 or in F/50 media.13 At 1 x 1010 cells/liter, this equates to 5.2 pg x 1012 calcite fixed per liter of growth medium. At these optimal high-growth densities in nutrient-enriched seawater, up to 5.2 gr of calcite can be fixed per liter. However, achieving this very high growth density and coccolith yield would require large-scale addition of nutrients and minerals.|[0053] Another method by which the coccolith yield could be increased would be through increased residence time of the algae in the ponds to support growth at high-cell densities in late-stage growth (not exponential growth). At this point in the cell cycle, a larger number of coccoliths are formed per cell. However, late stage, very high density culture of coccolithophorid algae would be much more difficult to control and the residence time of the algae would have to be significantly increased, thereby dramatically increasing the size of the algal ponds. For this reason, a preferred embodiment is planned that maximizes the yield of algae in exponential growth in the algal ponds and harvests these cells at the point when they have between 20 to 30 coccoliths per cell.|[0054] It is envisaged that the algae will be grown at approximately 3.0 to 3.5 x 109 cells/liter in the invention, reaching an average of 1.5 g calcite formed per liter of nutrient and mineral enriched seawater. At this density, much of the calcium and a significant proportion of the magnesium present in the seawater will also be sequestered in the algal biomass.|Aquaculture|[0055] The aquaculture takes place in an aquaculture preserve on land. In a preferred embodiment, the aquaculture takes place in continuously flowing aquaculture ponds or raceway ponds. Flowing aquaculture ponds are continuously agitated habitats for algae. They are preferably significant in size, and open-air. In these aquaculture ponds, the algae are exposed to sunlight, and the seawater is exposed to atmospheric CO2 while providing a controlled growth environment for the algae.|[0056] One advantage of aquaculture ponds is that they provide favorable growth environment for coccolithophorid algae by ensuring constant turnover of the seawater, preventing settling or stratification of the algae and ensuring maximum air exchange. Air exchange is doubly significant, because the algal growth rate will rapidly deplete the inorganic carbonate (HCO3−) naturally occurring in the seawater. This will be replenished from atmospheric CO2 to sustain algal growth. Because of the turnover of the seawater in aquaculture ponds and their preferably shallow cross section, all of the aquaculture seawater will be frequently exposed to the atmosphere to absorb CO2.|[0057] In the preferred embodiment, the seawater in the aquaculture ponds is fed and completely replaced with fresh seawater from the greenhouses and OTEC condensers, and the entire volume of the aquaculture pond is replaced, preferably every four to seven days, given an aquaculture pond with a cross-section of approximately 100 meters and a depth of approximately 3 meters. The depth of the aquaculture ponds can be varied according to need to ensure that all the algae is optimally irradiated with sunlight. For example, aquaculture pond depth could be 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 or more meters. In the preferred embodiment, this results in a flow rate of approximately 2.4 meters per minute during daylight hours. At this flow rate and with the repeat turnover as the seawater flows around the bends of the aquaculture, ensuring frequent seawater turn-over, this preferred embodiment supports the exponential growth phase of the coccolithophorid algae. The flow rate through the aquaculture ponds can be varied from less than 0.5 meter per minute to greater than 10 meters per minute to adjust the residence time of the algae and maximize the capacity for their growth and carbon sequestration. For example, aquaculture pond flow rates could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 or more meters per minute.|[0058] The aquaculture ponds may be seeded with algae directly, or supplied with algae from seeding ponds. Seeding ponds are ponds that are positioned in proximity to the aquaculture ponds and are used to maintain the supply of algae for the inoculation of the unpopulated seawater coming out of the OTEC greenhouse combination. These seeding ponds are run at a lower throughput rate and, instead of being harvested, are used to inoculate the aquaculture ponds with a large volume of densely growing algae. In a preferred embodiment, about 5% to 12%, for example, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, or 11%, of the water entering the aquaculture ponds on a daily basis is from these seeding ponds. In this embodiment, one seeding pond can continuously support 10 to 12 aquaculture ponds with algae. Use of seeding ponds, in effect, extends the residence time of the algae under optimal growth conditions and avoids having aquaculture ponds seeded at low density, thereby having to use less land for the aquaculture ponds. In an alternative embodiment, there are two or three tiers of seeding ponds that are staggered sequentially and have different depths. In this manner, the concentration of algae can be matched to the depth of the pond, to ensure that the transparency of the aquaculture water is optimized for the growth rate of the algae. In this way, less densely populated aquaculture ponds can be deeper. The advantage of this is the more economical use of land.|System Components|Water Heating Means|[0059] To heat the seawater, large greenhouses, preferably situated close to a coastline, will be used. In a preferred embodiment, to support a 100 MW OTEC plant, twenty greenhouses will each cover an area of between about 25,000 m2 to about 100,000 m2. As a person skilled in the art will appreciate, a smaller OTEC plant will require greenhouses with a smaller surface area, and a larger OTEC plant will require greenhouses with a larger surface area. In one embodiment, the OTEC plant is a 500 KW plant, and the greenhouses each have a surface area of between about 1,250 m2 to about 5,000 m2. In a further embodiment, a 500 MW OTEC plant is provided with greenhouses each having a surface area of about 125,000 m2 to 500,000 m2.|[0060] The surface under these greenhouses will preferably be lined with black impermeable plastic linings or geomembranes, similar to those that are used in landfills. This will assist in absorbing and transferring solar radiation to a free-flowing layer of seawater approximately 10 cm deep disposed across the length and width of each greenhouse. The depth of water in the greenhouses can range from less than 1 cm to 500 cm, for example, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, or 500 cm. In areas requiring significant solar heating of the seawater, in a preferred embodiment, the greenhouses are each about 250 m to about 1,000 m long and about 250 m to about 1,000 m wide and 3 m to about 5 m high.|[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the greenhouses are constructed from a plastic material. In a specific embodiment, the greenhouses are constructed from double layered improved polyethylene (PE) with 180 μm PE UV IR outer folia and 50 μm inner folia. In this embodiment, the greenhouse spans will cover multiple gutter-connected tunnels of approximately 10 meters in width and approximately 3 to 4 meters in height.14 In a preferred embodiment, the inter-connected tunnels are supported by plastic beams standing in the pool of freely flowing seawater on the ground of the greenhouses.|[0062] At the entrance to the greenhouses, the water is nutrient-rich seawater from depth at a temperature of approximately 5° C. to 10° C., or surface seawater at a temperature of about 10° C. to 25° C. and as it flows towards the exit of the greenhouse, it reaches temperatures of over 30° C., for example, 40° C., 45° C., 50° C., 55° C. or hotter. The flow rate of the water can be altered to control the length of time the water spends in the greenhouse, and thereby control the temperature of the water leaving the greenhouse. Typically, the flow rate will be between 2 to 6 m/minute, preferably 4 m/minute.|[0063] Water vapor evaporating in the greenhouses as a consequence of the solar heating can be trapped inside the greenhouse. In one embodiment, the water vapor may be actively moved through the greenhouses to a large condenser, where it is cooled using seawater pumped from depth, which is at approximately 5° C.|[0064] In one aspect hereof, the freshwater condensate can be captured. It is estimated that in this manner, the water vapor created in a 12-hour period in one 50,000 m2 greenhouse will, on average, produce at least 600 tons (m3) of freshwater per day. Since there are up to 40 greenhouses associated with a 100 MW plant in the preferred embodiment, 24,000 tons of freshwater can be extracted from the water vapor in the greenhouses alone, independent of the freshwater generated during OTEC power generation. Given the use of cold seawater already pumped for use in OTEC, it can also be used to cool the greenhouse water vapor, thereby creating freshwater condensate. It requires very little additional energy to harvest this additional freshwater resource from the water vapor created in the greenhouses. The greenhouse condensation step is performed in the secondary cycle already used for the condensation of water vapor generated through the OTEC cycle.|[0065] Another advantage of the greenhouse pre-treatment step is that it enables the control of the conditions under which the algae are grown. For example, solar heating the water in the greenhouse can be used to inactivate competing or deleterious organisms that might otherwise contaminate the coccolithophorid algae aquaculture or foul the equipment. Similarly, if there is unwanted biomass or particulates that might sediment in the aquaculture ponds, these contaminants can be effectively settled and removed from the seawater as it is travelling the length of the greenhouses.|[0066] In embodiments that involve the addition of nutrients to the seawater to optimize conditions for coccolithophorid algal growth in aquaculture, the nutrients may be added to the warmed water in the greenhouse to facilitate their dissolution.|[0067] By controlling the flow-rate of the water through the greenhouse, the temperature of the water can be adjusted before it enters the aquaculture ponds to ensure temperature stability in the aquaculture preserve, in spite of seasonal and environmental changes. Typically, the flow rate will be between 2 to 6 m/minute, preferably 4 m/minute. At a flow rate between 2 to 6 m/minute, the solar heating of the water will typically be approximately 0.10° C. per minute to 0.5° C. per minute and higher.|[0068] If, after mixing, the temperature of the blended cold and warm water is still too high to support coccolithophorid growth, it can be cooled. In one embodiment, the conditioned water is cooled by combining it with cold seawater pumped from depth. In a further embodiment, water temperature entering the aquaculture ponds can be adjusted to the optimum temperature for coccolithophorid growth by blending greenhouse-treated water and cold deep seawater. In another embodiment, the conditioned water is cooled by running it through a shaded section of the aquaculture pond before it is seeded with algae.|Energy Extraction|[0069] The seawater running through the greenhouse will have been heated and carry large amounts of solar energy. This warmed seawater coming out of the greenhouses can be passed through an energy extraction system to extract the captured solar energy and convert it to electricity.|[0070] The primary purpose of extracting heat energy from the greenhouse-heated seawater is to generate the energy necessary to move the large volumes of seawater that are required for the coccolithophorid algal aquaculture. Even though the pumps will only have to pump water over a small distance and height, the pumps will move large quantities of water. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, with a 100 MW OTEC plant, 400,000 tons/hour cold water and 400,000 tons/hour of surface seawater are pumped through the OTEC plant over a 24-hour period, equivalent to 19.2 million tons of water/day. The secondary purpose of energy extraction is, therefore, to create excess energy that can be sold and/or drive complementary services and processes, for example, the harvesting of algae.|[0071] Due to the heat capacity of water, this energy extraction system is stable and based on the bulk heat trapped in seawater and, thus, will be unaffected by temporary fluctuations such as changes in weather conditions like cloud cover.|[0072] In some embodiments, OTEC facilities can be used to generate electricity at night in the conventional mode, i.e., without greenhouse solar-heated water, to generate additional electricity on a 24-hour cycle. For those OTEC plants located in areas where the surface water is sufficiently hot to drive the OTEC energy production process without solar heating, energy flow is continuous, even after solar heating has stopped during the night. In other embodiments, the heated greenhouse water can be stored in large surge tanks to provide hot seawater after dark, thereby extending the operational hours of the heated-seawater OTEC system after dark.|OTEC|[0073] Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) has been in development and piloted extensively (see, Cuba 1930, Cote d'Ivoire 1956, Keahole Point 1979, Nauru 1982-84, Hawaii 1993). OTEC is, therefore, a well-established technology that is used to generate electricity based on the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cooler deep seawater. Conventional OTEC is designed to exploit the temperature gradient of cool (4° C. to 7° C.) seawater and warm (20° C. to 28° C.) surface seawater to generate electricity.|[0074] OTEC works by pumping large volumes of warm, generally surface seawater over a series of evaporators to create a driving gas that spins turbines. The driving gas then is condensed in a heat exchanger with cold deep seawater.|[0075] There are four major variants of OTEC, any of which are suitable for use in the invention. The four major variants of OTEC are:| - Closed cycle—where the warm water evaporates a driving gas, such as ammonia, that is then condensed with cold seawater in a closed system. The closed cycle uses a Rankine process with a low pressure turbine.| - Open cycle—the Claude process where the warm water is used to create low pressure steam through flash evaporation in a low pressure chamber. The low pressure steam is then used to drive turbines and can then be condensed and harvested as freshwater.| - Kalina process—which can be run in a closed cycle mode using a mixed ammonia/water as the low boiling point liquid used to drive the turbines more efficiently, thereby increasing the energy yield of the OTEC process.| - Hybrid process—where the warm and cold seawater used for power is driven through a secondary loop used for the evaporation and condensation of water vapor to create large amounts of freshwater.|[0080] The particular OTEC system chosen will depend on the local geography and can be configured as required to maximize the production of energy or freshwater in addition to creating the algal biomass.|[0081] OTEC can be deployed in modules according to the volumes of water treated. The solar heating of the seawater in the invention leads to a higher relative temperature differential between the greenhouse-heated water and the coastal deep seawater than is found in conventional OTEC systems. This increased temperature differential increases the efficiency of the OTEC system. At a temperature differential of around 40° C. between the deep ocean water and the solar heated water, a much higher energy extraction efficiency is expected.|[0082] In conventional OTEC systems, given the low temperature differential of the surface seawater to the cold deep water of approximately 15° C., the energy extraction yield is theoretically limited to 6% to 7%.15 However, practically, the yield is closer to 2.16% for the Rankine process or 4.5% for the Kalina process.16 |[0083] In the modified OTEC systems used in the invention, the theoretical thermodynamically maximum energy yield increases from a maximum 7% to about 8.4% and, consequently, the operational energy yield can increase approximately from less than 4.5% to greater than 5%.|[0084] The increase in efficiency is due, in part, to the increased energy content of the solar-heated seawater used in the invention, which results in a 240% increase in kWhr yield during daylight operating hours and more than a 20% increase in extraction yield. A further increase in efficiency is due to the ease with which the heated seawater will create low pressure steam through flash evaporation in the low pressure chamber of the hybrid open-cycle OTEC system.|[0085] In a further aspect, also provided is a method for increasing the efficiency of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) wherein the source water for the OTEC process is i) cold seawater and ii) seawater that has been warmed in land-based greenhouses using solar energy. In a further embodiment of this aspect hereof, there is provided a system for generating energy using OTEC comprising a means for heating seawater using solar energy and an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system adapted to use the heated surface water from step a) and cold seawater.|[0086] OTEC offers additional benefits when used in accordance with the method hereof. For example, as described above, it can be used to generate freshwater. It is estimated herein that up to 120,000 tons of freshwater per day can be generated by a single 100 MW OTEC plant. This side-product may be especially beneficial in the arid locations where the invention will be exploited. Furthermore, the increased evaporation efficiency described above also significantly increases the yield of freshwater from the desalination component of the OTEC systems hereof.|Water Conditioning|[0087] By running the seawater through the greenhouse for solar heating, the system hereof pre-treats the seawater before it is used for aquaculture. In one embodiment, the water running through the greenhouse is a blend of nutrient-rich deep water and seawater (previously used for condensation of freshwater in adjacent greenhouses). Depending on the season, these waters can be nutrient-depleted or harbor an abundance of confounding but naturally occurring organisms. Running the water through the greenhouses permits the adjustment of water quality, for example, by adding nutrients or removing unwanted or competing biomass. This water conditioning stage also permits a small time buffer for seawater analysis and process adjustments to ensure that water entering the ponds will support maximum algal yield.|[0088] Conditioning the seawater in the greenhouses before it is used for aquaculture has several advantages. Naturally occurring organisms are effectively inactivated in the heat and by the intense solar radiation of the greenhouses and thereby are prevented from out-competing the desired algae, fouling the aquaculture ponds or stimulating the growth of coccolithovirus. Naturally occurring and inactivated biomass can be harvested before the water enters the aquaculture preserve. Measures to prevent fouling of equipment and the aquaculture ponds can be taken. In one embodiment, water purification using peroxide can be carried out before the heated seawater runs through the energy extraction or aquaculture process.|[0089] Nutrients can be added to the water as it passes thorough the conditioning phase. In one embodiment, calcium minerals can be added, in particular, in the form of apatite, to stimulate and maximize high yield coccolithophorid growth and prevent acidification of the seawater. In a preferred embodiment, calcium-rich minerals, nitrate and inorganic phosphate, for example, in hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH), Ca5(PO4)3F and Ca5(PO4)3Cl), calcium nitrate, fertilizer known as Norwegian saltpeter (Ca(NO3)2),17 can be added to enhance growth. In some embodiments, alkali minerals can be added to directly counteract ocean acidification including CaCO3 to re-mineralize the water, CaO (quick lime) to replace Ca directly and alkalize the seawater and ensure that the seawater reaches the same degree of Ca super-saturation it would have had before ocean acidification.|[0090] The minerals can be added at multiple points when the seawater is pumped or processed including in the OTEC plant, in the greenhouses while the water is being heated, while the water is entering and passing through the aquaculture ponds, provided for the growth of seed algae in seeding ponds that do not form part of the aquaculture ponds, added together with the inoculants of algae used to seed the seawater and/or applied after the algae have been harvested and the seawater is returned to the ocean.|[0091] Minerals can be dissolved or added as a slurry to return the seawater to a natural state of super-saturation with respect to calcium ions.18 The algal growth itself will accelerate the dissolution of minerals and accelerate the absorption of minerals. This returns the seawater to natural levels of Ca super-saturation (between 200% to 420% Ca super-saturation) and pH. It also actively mitigates ocean acidification, even after the water has been discharged from the aquaculture ponds. In many proposed coastal regions, the seawater brought into the OTEC plants will be of lower Ca super-saturation (due to ocean acidification) and this method will actively improve local seawater quality.|[0092] Because of the nutrient-rich deep waters used to cool the heat exchangers in the OTEC facilities, relatively few nutrients will have to be added to support high E. huxleyi growth rates. However, micro-nutrients and minerals may also be added to replace the Ca sequestered in the E. huxleyi and prevent ocean acidification and boost algal growth. Similarly, HCO3− bicarbonate ions may be added to ensure that E. huxleyi is not growth limited due to low carbon availability.|Aquaculture Ponds|[0093] Aquaculture ponds can be built from low cost materials as they only require the shaping of land without concrete retention walls or firm structures. These coastal aquaculture ponds can be built similarly to prawn or shrimp aquaculture ponds. Highway building equipment used to sculpt the landscape before construction is sufficient. Aquaculture ponds are preferably long, wide, shallow troughs with an earthen barrier that retains the seawater. The bottom of the aquaculture ponds is preferably lined with impermeable material. If necessary, a clay lining can be spread underneath the water barrier to prevent saltwater intrusion onto land. In a preferred embodiment, each aquaculture pond can be lined with 10 cm to 20 cm thick clay lining or geomembranes used in landfills and then covered with layers of impermeable white plastic lining or geomembrane. In addition to the clay lining, in some embodiments the aquaculture ponds also comprise a 2 mm to 5 mm thick synthetic liner such as HDPE will be used to prevent intrusion of seawater onto land. The advantage of synthetic liners such as HDPE is that they are easily repaired, edges can be fused (to seal leaks) and they are very robust. If the land needs to be repurposed, the lining can be readily removed and the earthen barriers leveled.|[0094] The aquaculture ponds are scaled to hold about 1 to 20 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, even more preferably 6 days' worth of aquaculture seawater that is being emitted from the OTEC-greenhouse combination plus the water introduced from the seeding ponds. In a preferred embodiment, the aquaculture ponds are configured to accommodate the water from a greenhouse that heats 240,000 tons of seawater per day per greenhouse and an equivalent of 240,000 tons of OTEC pumped cold seawater, plus the inoculants from the seeding ponds of approximately 40,000 tons per day. This equals approximately 520,000 tons of seawater entering in the array of aquaculture ponds each day. For 6 days residence time in the aquaculture ponds, the total volume of an aquaculture pond in a preferred embodiment is approximately 3.1 million tons (m3) of seawater. The typical depth of a single aquaculture pond is 3 meters, which ensures maximum atmospheric gas exchange. The surface area of a typical aquaculture pond will be approximately 1 km2. In a preferred embodiment, there will be approximately 40 aquaculture ponds and four seeding ponds for each 100 MW OTEC plant. As a person skilled in the art will appreciate, the total number and size of the aquaculture ponds will vary with the size of the OTEC plant. For example, in one embodiment, the OTEC plant is a 500 KW plant, which is provided with up to 2 km2 of aquaculture ponds and a seeding pond of a correspondingly adjusted size. In a further embodiment, a 500 MW plant is provided with approximately 200 km2 of aquaculture ponds, and 20 seeding ponds.|Configuration of System Components|[0095] The configuration of the OTEC plants, greenhouses, seeding ponds, aquaculture ponds and harvesting area is flexible and can be configured to adapt to local geographic and meteorological conditions. Since water may flow over large distances between greenhouses, pipes can be laid to move the seawater where it is needed. These pipes may be insulated to preserve the appropriate water temperature. A typical arrangement of the components is shown in FIG. 1.|[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the OTEC plant is a 100 MW plant. Typically, this size of OTEC plant can support 40 greenhouses, 4 seeding ponds for the initial growth of the inoculant algae, and 40 aquaculture ponds with a total volume of 3.1 million m3, and associated harvesting areas. Depending on the local climate and the ambient temperature of the surface water, each greenhouse covers on average 50,000 m2.|[0097] Given that the greenhouses need to supply the OTEC plants with heated water, the greenhouses can be located in close proximity to the OTEC plant, reducing the need to move the heated water over large distances. Since the temperature of the discharge from the OTEC plant is less critical before it enters the aquaculture pond, these can be transported over larger distances without fear of heat loss.|[0098] For these reason, the aquaculture ponds can be aligned close to the coast, hugging the coastline either in single file or arranged in parallel rows, while the greenhouses are clustered around a central OTEC plant. This T-shaped arrangement will reduce pipelines needed and allows for the sharing of algal harvesting equipment, for example, reducing overall capital costs.|Carbon Offsetting|[0099] Current forecasts for carbon offsets per ton of CO2 sequestered range from $7 to $170 between now and 2050.19 These estimates are based on extrapolation of the experience with the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) that established a functioning carbon market with a large-scale emissions cap and trade system. Between April 2005 and April 2006, the spot price averaged at approximately £22 per ton carbon offset. These prices are premised on the assumption that CO2 emitting industries and sources can trade their emissions for carbon offsets that reduce equivalent emissions elsewhere. Challenges to the system have included the fact that the reduction in emissions are difficult to verify and that offsetting reductions in emission would have happened anyway (thereby reducing the value of the offsets). New proposals for Cap and Trade systems are under discussion before the Copenhagen meeting in Copenhagen 2009.|[0100] The methods of carbon sequestration hereof are immune to both these challenges. Firstly, the sequestered carbon is physically available for analysis and can be documented without any ambiguity. Secondly, none of the biomass would have been created otherwise. The purpose of the scheme is entirely to create additional biomass from abundant resources without offsetting other food, biomass-generating or carbon fixing activities (and without creating new sources of CO2 emission, for example, through the burning of fossil fuel to generate the power needed to operate the system). The carbon intensity of traditional OTEC is already lower than that of hydroelectric power.|[0101] Based on these advantages, the methods hereof qualify for the highest quality carbon offset ratings and can secure the maximum rewards available through direct payments. Alternatively, revenue can be generated from the biomass generated alongside the CaCO3, making the system independent of the carbon offset market.|[0102] All references cited herein are incorporated in their entirety.|[0103] The disclosure will now be described in detail, with specific reference to a system that utilizes the coccolithophorid algae Emiliana huxleyi. It will be appreciated that modification of detail can be made without departing from the scope hereof.|(US8440439)|EXAMPLES|[0104] The preferred embodiment is based on a power plant that generates 100 MW net power per year. The power plant is a hybrid OTEC plant combining both energy production using the Uehara or Kalina cycle as well as freshwater generation through a hybrid low pressure steam generation cycle. Actual gross power production exceeds the energy production by approximately 35% to 45%. Most of the internal consumption of power is the result of pumping 400,000 tons of cold deep ocean water and 400,000 tons of warm surface water for 24 hours per day 340 days per year. Operating the large compressors to run the Uehara or Kalina energy production cycle in the hybrid OTEC plant and the high volume vacuum pumps to create low pressure steam for the secondary freshwater condensation cycle also consumes power. Given the need to move water through greenhouses and pumping it over kilometers to the aquaculture ponds, additional power is needed to power pumps.|[0105] Warm surface seawater will be drawn in through a series of 5 m glass fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes from a depth of 5 to 20 meters. The warm seawater will be distributed through a network of pipes to be distributed across 20 greenhouses. For the 12 daylight hours, the water will flow over the ground of the greenhouses to a depth of 10 to 15 centimeters, at a flow rate of 6 meters per minute, and across a width of 1,000 meters for greenhouses that are 500 meters long. In this manner, each greenhouse will warm more than 475,000 tons of seawater from ambient temperature to consistently 40° C. and higher.|[0106] The surface under these greenhouses will preferably be lined with black impermeable plastic lining, similar to those that are used in landfills. Underneath the plastic, a clay lining or geomembrane to prevent leaks will also ensure a uniform surface for the seawater to flow over. The greenhouses are constructed from a plastic material spars and beams to form multiple gutter-connected tunnels of approximately 10 meters in width and approximately 3 to 4 meters in height. As many as 100 of these 500-meter long tunnels will be connected side by side to cover as much as 50 ha of land. Connecting the greenhouse tunnels saves material and allows for the free movement of air. The greenhouses will be covered with double-layered improved polyethylene (PE) with 180 μm PE UV IR outer folia and 50 μm inner folia. The inter-connected tunnels are supported by plastic beams standing in the pool of freely flowing seawater on the ground of the greenhouses.|[0107] Exiting the greenhouses, the hot water will be collected and pumped through a manifold of insulated 1 meter internal diameter pipes to fill a large surge tank covered with a floating insulating material to retain the temperature of the solar-heated water. This water is used to feed the power-generating cycle of the OTEC power plant. The surge tank buffers the flow of heated water as the greenhouses fill with water, after dawn when solar-heated water is available, and drains after sunset. By doing this, they effectively extend the power generation cycle of the OTEC plant beyond daylight hours, providing process continuity and temperature stability.|[0108] For the condensation of both the turbine driving gas as well as the condensation of freshwater, depending on the local ocean thermocline, the cold deep water is pumped through an array of 3 m (inside diameter) FRP reaching to a depth of 600 to 1,000 meters. On the surface, these pipes are insulated to retain the low temperature of the deep water. In the hybrid OTEC plant, the cold water is used sequentially in a two-step process, first to cool the power generation cycle and second, to cool the freshwater condensers in the freshwater generation cycle.|[0109] The cold deep water discharge from the OTEC plant is nutrient rich and collected in a cold water discharge basin to manage surges, for distribution to the seeding ponds and to fill the aquaculture ponds. The surge tank again provides storage capacity to steady the flow through the aquaculture ponds.|[0110] Similarly, the OTEC discharge from the power generation cycle that has significantly cooled in the process of generating power and creating freshwater is collected in a warm water discharge surge basin. The water in the warm water OTEC discharge basin is used to control the rate of filling the aquaculture ponds and control the water temperature in the aquaculture ponds as needed. This basin is also the preferred site for the addition of minerals and nutrients to maximize the growth of algae in the aquaculture ponds. Nutrients are added as the water is discharged from the OTEC power generation cycle to ensure that the residual heat, together with the residence time in the surge tank, ensures the dissolution of approximately 10 tons of the fertilizers hydroxylapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH) and 5 tons of the fertilizer Norwegian Saltpeter Ca(NO3)2 per day. Other fertilizers may be added according to need.|[0111] The nutrient-rich cold water and the fertilized warm water are then distributed to the seeding and aquaculture ponds. The seeding ponds are identical to the aquaculture ponds in their structure. The only difference is that the concentration of algae in the ponds is lower at the beginning, the flow rate through the aquaculture pond is slower, and the discharge is used to seed up to 12 aquaculture ponds with algae instead of harvesting the algae. The purpose of the seeding ponds is to provide consistent inoculants for the array of aquaculture ponds and to extend the effective residence time of the algae in culture. The residence time of E. huxleyi in the seeding ponds is 6.3 days and this results in an increase from 23 million cells per liter to approximately 230 million cells per liter of seawater.|[0112] The water from the seeding ponds is added directly into the manifold at the point where the cold water discharge is added to the distribution manifold, thereby eliminating the need for a seeding pond water distribution system. The manifolds provide 40,000 tons of seeding pond water, 240,000 tons of cold seawater and 237,000 tons of warm water (or a total of 477,000 tons of seawater) for each aquaculture pond per day.|[0113] From the cold and warm water discharge basins, a pipeline manifold of 1-meter internal diameter pipes feeds the seeding and aquaculture ponds with mixed water to support an average flow rate of 1.1 meters per minute over a 24-hour period. The aquaculture ponds are designed to accommodate the daily flow of 477,000 tons of mixed cold, warm and seeding pond water per day. Forty aquaculture ponds, each covering a 1-kilometer square, are comprised of 100-meter wide and 3-meter deep tracks that fold back onto themselves ten times, resulting in a total aquaculture pond length of 10,000 meters. The aquaculture ponds are lined with both a 10-cm clay geomembrane and white, double HDPE lining to prevent leaks and seawater intrusion on land.|[0114] At the flow rate of 1.1 meters per minute, the average residence time of the water in each aquaculture pond is 6.3 days. This residence time supports up to ten doublings of E. huxleyi in their exponential growth phase in the aquaculture pond. With an inoculant cell density of 300,000 cells per liter introduced at the beginning of the aquaculture pond, the final cell density at harvest is approximately 3,000,000 cells per liter. This equates to approximately 1.5 gr of coccolithophorid cells being created in exponential cell growth per liter of seawater.|[0115] At a volumetric flow of 475,000 tons of water through each aquaculture pond through 40 ponds for an operational period of 340 days per year per pond, this generates approximately 10 million tons of pure CaCO3 in the form of coccoliths per year. In addition, 150 to 180 million tons of algal biomass is grown to be harvested.|[0116] As the water flows through the final 100-meter section of the aquaculture pond, it passes over an array of fine-bubble curtains, generated by a series of pipes spaced 5 meters apart at the bottom of the aquaculture ponds. These bubbles become entrained in the algal aggregates forming naturally as the bloom of algae in the aquaculture pond matures. As the cells age, they begin to release TEP, which assists in the cross-linking of cells into small aggregates. As bubbles become entrained in these aggregates, they float to the surface. This harvesting process can be further accelerated through the use of clarifiers used in wastewater treatment or particulate mineral processing to remove residual algae. At the surface, the aggregates accumulate and form a thick carpet of algal slurry, which is skimmed by automated surface skimmers. It is estimated that given the configuration of this example, each aquaculture pond will generate approximately 60,000 tons of this slurry per day per pond. This surface-slurry is then further thickened in deep cone thickeners or clarifiers five- to ten-fold through the addition of one nanomole concentration high molecular weight cationic polymer or flocculants. The resulting sludge of approximately 9,000 tons of algal sludge per pond per day is transported on mesh-covered long conveyor belts where the sludge drains more of the remaining seawater. The aquaculture water that drained out of the algal slurry is then returned to the aquaculture ponds.|[0117] This algal paste on the conveyor belts is distributed over drying fields that are lined with geomembranes to dry in the ambient air. When the sludge has reached a moisture content of approximately 40%, it can be stockpiled for further processing.|[0118] The harvested algae can be further processed by fragmentation into multiple components. Processing of the harvested algae at a basic pH enables the separation of the coccoliths from the remaining organic biomass.|[0119] Once extracted, the organic biomass can be used for the production of biological oils, fatty acids, bio-fuels,20 and other materials that can be used for the generation of, for example, animal feedstock. Further processing of the biomass can include high temperature pyrolysis at 500° C. in a fast fluid bed reactor to create combustible gas, bio-oil and bio-char. In a further embodiment, the bio-char remnants from such further processing could be used to create soil conditioner or fertilizer for local agriculture. Methods for processing algae are well known in the art.|[0120] The seawater is gravity drained from each aquaculture pond back to the ocean at a depth of approximately 10 to 60 meters or greater depth according to the neutral buoyancy of the water. If the pH balance at the end of the aquaculture pond requires adjusting, additional calcium-based minerals can be added before discharge to the ocean through one- to five-meter internal diameter pipes.|REFERENCES|- 1. [IPCC, 2005] IPCC special report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Prepared by working group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. B. Metz, O. Davidson, H. C. de Coninck, M. Loos, and L. A. Meyer (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, N.Y., USA, 442 pp.|- 2. Buitenhuis E., J. Bleijswijk, D. Bakker, and M. Veldhuis (1996). “Trends in inorganic and organic carbon in a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea,” Marine Ecology Progress Series 143(1-3):271-282.|- 3. Claude G. (1930). “Power from the Tropical Seas” in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 52, Nos. 12, 19, pp. 1039-1044.|- 4. U.S. Pat. No. 1,952,520.|- 5. U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,191.|- 6. U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,085.|- 7. Fabry V. (2002). “Calcium Carbonate Production by Coccolithophorid Algae in Long Term, Carbon Dioxide Sequestration,” DE-FC26-01NT41132 Quarterly Progress Report #6, December 2002.|- 8. Passow U. and A. L. Alldredge (1994). Distribution, size and bacterial colonization of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 113:185-198.|- 9. Wang Lawrence K., Yung-Tse Hung, Howard H. Lo and Constantine Yapijakis (2004). “Dissolved Air Floatation” in Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment (2nd ed.), CRC Press, ISBN 0-8247-4114-5.|- 10. Balch W., K. Kilpatrick and P. Holligan (1993). “Coccolith formation and detachment by Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae),” J. Phycol. 29:566-575.|- 11. Buitenhuis E., J. Bleijswijk, D. Bakker, and M. Veldhuis (1996). “Trends in inorganic and organic carbon in a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea,” Marine Ecology Progress Series 143:(1-3) 271-282.|- 12. Keller M. D., R. C. Selvin, W. Claus, and R. R. I. Guillard. (1987). Journal of Phycology 23:633-638.|- 13. Guillard R. R. L. (1975). “Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates,” pp. 26-60, in W. L. Smith and M. H. Chanley (eds.), Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals, Plenum Press, New York, USA.|- 14. Dević M., Aleksandra Dimitrijević (2004). “Greenhouse energy consumption and energy efficiency,” Energy efficiency and agricultural engineering 2005, International conference, Russe, Bulgaria.|- 15. U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,561.|- 16. Laue W., M. Thiemann, E. Scheibler, and K. W. Wiegand (2002). “Nitrates and Nitrites” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a17—265.|- 17. Laue W., M. Thiemann, E. Scheibler, and K. W. Wiegand (2002). “Nitrates and Nitrites” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a 17—265.|- 18. Orr J. C., et al. (2005). “Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms,” Nature 437:681-686.|- 19. Paltsev S., J. M. Reilly, H. D. Jacoby, A. Gurgel, G. Metcalf, P. Sokolov, and J. Holak (2007). “Assessment of U.S. Cap-and-Trade Proposals,” MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Report 146 (April 2007).|- 20. Wu Q., B. Zhang, and N. G. Grant (1996). “High yield of hydrocarbon gases resulting from pyrolysis of yellow heterotrophic and bacterially degraded Chlorella protothecoides,” Appl. Phycol. 8:181-184. | Family Number|(1864849)|1864849|Abstract|(AU2009309476 B2)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. The invention also relates to improved methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE).|(EP2364201 A1)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. The invention also relates to improved methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE).|(GB2464763 B)|A method and system of sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere comprises culturing coccolithophorid algae in seawater wherein the seawater in which the algae are cultured is the discharge of an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) process where the source water for the OTEC process is provided by cold seawater and seawater which has been warmed by solar energy means such as land based greenhouses which utilise solar energy. The discharge of the OTEC process may be combined with seawater to provide water at the optimum temperature for coccolithophorid algal aquaculture. The coccolithophorid algae may be harvested and/or further processed. Also disclosed is a method and system of increasing the efficiency of OTEC by the use of solar energy, such as that created by greenhouses to warm seawater.|(MA--32827 B1)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-lasting sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to the sequestration of carbonate carbon using coccolithophoride-type algae grown using Earth's aquaculture. Improved methods for converting ocean thermal energy (otec) are also disclosed.|(MX-311987 B)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. The invention also relates to improved methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE).|(US8278082 B2)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. The invention also relates to improved methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE).|(US8440439 B2)|Described are methods, apparatus, and a system for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, described is the sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. Also described are methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE).|(WO201049687 A1)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. The invention also relates to improved methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE).|(ZA201103638 B)|Described are methods, apparatus, and a system for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, described is the sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. Also described are methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE).(From US8440439 B2)|(GC---3467 B)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. The invention also relates to improved methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC).|(CL201100948 A1)|THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE CAPTURE OF CARBON INTO A LONG-TERM, SOLID FORM. IN PARTICULAR, THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO THE CAPTURE OF CARBON AS CARBONATES. USING COCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE CULTIVATION USING TERRESTRIAL AQUACULTURE. THE INVENTION ALSO RELATES TO IMPROVED OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC) METHODS.|Title|(AU2009309476 B2)|Method of carbon sequestration|(AU2009309476 A1)|Method of carbon sequestration|(EP2364201 A1)|Method and system for carbon sequestration|(GB2464763 B)|Method of carbon sequestration|(GB200819865 D0)|Method of carbon sequestration|(MX2011004487 A)|Method of carbon sequestration|Method of carbon sequestration.|(US8278082 B2)|Method of carbon sequestration|(US20120028326 A1)|Method of carbon sequestration|(US8440439 B2)|Method of carbon sequestration|(US20130005015 A1)|Method of carbon sequestration|(WO201049687 A1)|Method of carbon sequestration|(ZA201103638 B)|Method of carbon sequestration|(GC---3467 B)|Method of carbon sequestration| | Biotechnology|Chemical engineering|Engines, pumps, turbines|Environmental technology|Other special machines | 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US5992089; US20020131823; US20040161364; GB2383978; GB2464763; JP2002262858; WO2007147028; WO201049687||||US3928145||US3928145; US1952520; US4055145; US4286434; US4346561; US4726191; US5967085; US5992089; US20020131823; US20040161364; GB2383978; GB2464763; JP2002262858; WO2007147028; WO201049687|US3928145; US4055145; US20020131823; JP2002262858|GB2383978; JP56138468; JP59046375; JP59165873; US4286434; US5992089; US20040161364; WO2007147028; ES8605331 | (EP2364201)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-See references of WO 2010049687A1||(US8440439)|Applicant references|-PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability, PCT/GB2009/002568, dated Feb. 3, 2011.|-PCT International Search Report and the Written Opinion, PCT/GB2009/002568, dated Jan. 7, 2010.|-Response to the Examination Report for GB 2464763 dated Oct. 9, 2009.|-Search Report for GB 2464763 dated Apr. 29, 2009.|-Examination Report for GB 2464763 dated Oct. 12, 2009.|-Patents status information for GB 2464763 printed Jun. 6, 2011.|-GCC Patent Office Examination Report for Application No. GCC/P/2009/14586 dated Jun. 21, 2011.|-Takano et al., CO2 fixation by artificial weathering of waste concrete and coccolithophorid algae cultures, Energy Convers Mgmt 36(6-9):697-700, 1995.||(US8278082)|Applicant references|-Response to the Examination Report for GB 2464763 dated Oct. 9, 2009.|-Search Report for GB 2464763 dated Apr. 29, 2009.|-Examination Report for GB 2464763 dated Oct. 12, 2009.|-Patents status information for GB 2464763 printed Jun. 6, 2011.|-Corrected Version of International Preliminary Report on Patentability for Application No. PCT/GB2009/002568 dated Aug. 10, 2011.|-GCC Patent Office Examination Report for Application No. GCC/P/2009/14586 dated Jun. 21, 2011.|-PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability, PCT/GB2009/002568, dated Feb. 3, 2011.|-PCT International Search Report PCT/GB2009/002568, dated Jan. 7, 2010, ISR only.|-Takano et al., "CO2 fixation by artificial weathering of waste concrete and coccolithophorid algae cultures," Energy Convers Mgmt 36(6-9):697-700, 1995.||(WO2010/049687)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-DATABASE COMPENDEX [online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; LAZZARI ANDREA: "Ocean energy and aquaculture", XP002561033, Database accession no. EIX92090347873|||(GC0003467)|Unspecified source|-DATABASE COMPENDEX [Online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; LAZZARI ANDREA: Ocean energy and aquaculture XP002561033 _ Database accession no. EIX92090347873 abstract & ENERGIE ALTERNATIVE. HTE 19B9 NOV-DEC, vol. 10, no. 56, November 1989|||||| | GRANTED | (EP2364201)|LAPSED|(US8440439)|GRANTED|(US8278082)|GRANTED|(WO2010/049687)|LAPSED|(GB2464763)|GRANTED|(GC0003467)|GRANTED|(AU2009309476)|GRANTED|(MX311987)|GRANTED|(ZA201103638)|GRANTED|(MA32827)|GRANTED|(CL2011000948)|PENDING | ALIVE | (EP2364201)|DEAD|(US8440439)|ALIVE|(US8278082)|ALIVE|(WO2010/049687)|DEAD|(GB2464763)|ALIVE|(GC0003467)|ALIVE|(AU2009309476)|ALIVE|(MX311987)|ALIVE|(ZA201103638)|ALIVE|(MA32827)|ALIVE|(CL2011000948)|ALIVE | (EP2364201)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP2364201|Actual or expected expiration date=2013-01-15|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2009-10-28|Event code=EP/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=EP EP09748445|Application date=2009-10-28|Standardized application number=2009EP-0748445|Event publication date=2011-08-12|Event code=EP/PUAI|Event group=Administrative notifications|PUBLIC REFERENCE MADE UNDER ARTICLE 153(3) EPC 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state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2011-05-24|Event code=MA/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=MA MA33887|Application date=2011-05-24|Standardized application number=2011MA-0033887|Event publication date=2011-11-01|Event code=MA/B1|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted Patent|Publication country=MA|Publication number=MA32827|Publication stage code=B1|Publication date=2011-11-01|Standardized publication number=MA--32827|(CL2011000948)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CL2011000948|Actual or expected expiration date=2029-10-28|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2011-04-28|Event code=CL/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CL CL2011000948|Application date=2011-04-28|Standardized application number=2011CL-0000948|Event publication date=2011-09-09|Event code=CL/A1|Event group=Examination events|Patent application|Publication country=CL|Publication number=CL2011000948|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2011-09-09|Standardized publication number=CL201100948 | (EP2364201)|Contracting States: DE, NO, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, LI, RO, NL, TR|(WO2010/049687)|ARIPO: GH, GM, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2010/049687)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2010/049687)|EPO: DE, NO, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2010/049687)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2010/049687)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, BH, JP, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, ST, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PE, PG, PH, PL | (US8440439)|US|(US8278082)|US|(WO2010/049687)|AU; CL; MA; MX; US; ZA|(GB2464763)|GB|(GC0003467)|GC|(AU2009309476)|AU|(MX311987)|MX|(ZA201103638)|ZA|(MA32827)|MA|(CL2011000948)|CL | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=NoFk66ibPDSoZpv7zb25taCa4vFyxJplNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US8440439&ekey=1201&xpn=EP2364201&kind=A1 | https://register.epo.org/application?number=EP09748445 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=0%252BjRrZScLHMuw56Xk6cpNXfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | GB | (GC0003467)|GB|(WO2010/049687)|GB | (GC0003467)|NAME=JOVINE RAFFAEL 2 CANNON LANENW3 1EL London , COUNTRY=GB|(WO2010/049687)|NAME=JOVINE, Raffael Johna Ltd, 2 Cannon Lane, London NW3 1LE , COUNTRY=GB | (EP2364201)|GB|||(WO2010/049687)|GB||| | (EP2364201)|NAME=Carpmaels & Ransford One Southampton Row , CITY=LondonWC1B 5HA , COUNTRY=GB , REG=100061233|(US8440439)|NAME=TraskBritt|(US8278082)|NAME=TraskBritt|(WO2010/049687)|NAME=GOODFELLOW, Hugh, Robin et al. Carpmaels & Ransford, 43-45 Bloomsbury Square, London WC1 A 2RA , COUNTRY=GB|(GC0003467)|NAME=Suleiman I Al-Ammar Law Office|(MX311987)|NAME=MANUEL MARTIN SOTO GUTIERREZ|(MX2011004487)|NAME=MANUEL MARTIN SOTO GUTIERREZ | (EP2364201)|GB|(US8440439)|GB|(US20130005015)|GB|(US8278082)|GB|(US20120028326)|GB|(WO2010/049687)|GB|||||||||| | (EP2364201)|NAME=Jovine, Raffael 2 Cannon Lane, CITY=London NW3 1LE, COUNTRY=GB|(US8440439)|NAME=Jovine Raffael, CITY=London, COUNTRY=GB|(US20130005015)|NAME=Jovine Raffael, CITY=London, COUNTRY=GB|(US8278082)|NAME=Jovine Raffael, CITY=London, COUNTRY=GB|(US20120028326)|NAME=Jovine Raffael, CITY=London, COUNTRY=GB|(WO2010/049687)|NAME=JOVINE, Raffael Johna Ltd, 2 Cannon Lane, London NW3 1LE, COUNTRY=GB|(GB2464763)|NAME=RAFFAEL JOVINE|(GB2464763)|NAME=RAFFAEL JOVINE|(GC0003467)|NAME=JOVINE RAFFAEL|(AU2009309476)|NAME=JOVINE, RAFFAEL|(AU2009309476)|NAME=RAFFAEL JOVINE|(MX311987)|NAME=RAFFAEL JOVINE|(MX2011004487)|NAME=RAFFAEL JOVINE|(ZA201103638)|NAME=JOVINE RAFFAEL|(MA32827)|NAME=JOVINE, RAFFAEL|(CL2011000948)|NAME=JOVINE, RAFFAEL. | Titre: (EP2364201)|Method and system for carbon sequestration Résumé: (EP2364201)|The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for robust and long-term sequestration of carbon. In particular, the present invention relates to sequestration of carbon as carbonates, using coccolithophorid algae grown using land-based aquaculture. The invention also relates to improved methods of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTCE). | 34.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon sequestration using land-based aquaculture and does not mention ocean fertilization or the stimulation of phytoplankton in the ocean. | 18.0 | 20.0 | (WO2010/049687)|4|(US8440439)|2|(US8278082)|2||(GB2464763)|2 | (WO2010/049687)|10|(US8440439)|21|(US8278082)|18||(GB2464763)|9 | (US8440439)|23|(US20130005015)|20|(US8278082)|20|(US20120028326)|20|(WO2010/049687)|14|(GB2464763)|10|(GB2464763)|23||(GC0003467)|12|(AU2009309476)|14|(MX2011004487)|4|(MA32827)|1 | 1.0 | 47.0 | 10.0 | (WO2010/049687)|1|(US8440439)|1|(US8278082)|1||(GB2464763)|1 | 4.0 | 11.0 | (EP2364201)|WO2010/049687|(US8440439)|WO2010/049687|(US8278082)|WO2010/049687|(AU2009309476)|WO2010/049687|(MX311987)|WO2010/049687|(ZA201103638)|WO2010/049687|(MA32827)|WO2010/049687|(CL2011000948)|WO2010/049687 | (US8440439)|Number of Claims: NCL=23|Number of Drawings: NDR=1|Number of Figures: NFG=1|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,15|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Term Disclaimers Indicated TDI=Term Disclaimers Indicated|Primary examiner: Kosson Rosanne|Art Unit.: ART =1657||(US20130005015)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Number of Drawings: NDR=1|Number of Figures: NFG=1|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,15|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Kosson Rosanne|Art Unit.: ART =1657||(US8278082)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Number of Drawings: NDR=1|Number of Figures: NFG=1|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,11|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Kosson Rosanne|Art Unit.: ART =1657||(US20120028326)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Number of Drawings: NDR=1|Number of Figures: NFG=1|Independent Claim Number: ICL=15,25|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=15|Primary examiner: Kosson Rosanne|Art Unit.: ART =1657||(WO2010/049687)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(GB2464763)|Number of Claims: NCL=10||(GB2464763)|Number of Claims: NCL=23||(GB0819865)|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2008-12-03||(GC0003467)|Number of Claims: NCL=12|Number of Figures: NFG=1||(AU2009309476)|Number of Claims: NCL=14||(MX2011004487)|Number of Claims: NCL=4|Number of Pages: NPAGES=62||(MA32827)|Number of Claims: NCL=1| | (US8440439)|Continuation of: US12/998,764 FDD=2011-09-13 [2009US-12998764]|Continuation of: US12998764 |Continuation of: US8278082 |Continuation of: WOGB2009/002568 FDD=2009-10-28 [2009WO-GB02568]|Continuation of: US12/998,764 FDD=2011-09-13 [2011US-12998764]|Previous publication: US20130005015 A1 2013-01-03 [US20130005015]|(US8278082)|Previous publication: US20120028326 A1 2012-02-02 [US20120028326] | (EP2364201)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (GC---3467)|Patent|(AU2009309476)|Patent|(MX-311987)|Patent|(US8440439)|Patent|(US20130005015)|Patent|(US8278082)|Patent|(ZA201103638)|Patent|(US20120028326)|Patent|(MA--32827)|Patent|(EP2364201)|Patent|(CL201100948)|Patent|(MX2011004487)|Patent|(GB2464763)|Patent|(AU2009309476)|Patent|(WO201049687)|Patent|(GB2464763)|Patent|(GB200819865)|Patent | ||||||||||||
| 45 | CN202410836974 | CN202410836974 | CN118707039 | 111616969 | CN118707039 A 2024-09-27 [CN118707039] | 2024-06-26 | 2024-06-26 | 2024-09-27 | (CN118707039)|2044-06-26 | (CN118707039)|Method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate by using alkalinity difference method | (CN118707039)|The invention discloses a method for measuring the carbon sequestration rate of coral, and particularly relates to a measurement technology based on alkalinity difference. According to the method, the carbon sequestration rate of the coral is calculated by utilizing the capacity of the coral for absorbing CO2 in seawater, measuring the photosynthesis and respiratory action rate of the coral and the change of alkalinity after the coral is cultured in a small water body for a period of time, and converting the data into the change of CO2 concentration by utilizing CO2SYS software. The method can accurately and quickly evaluate the absorption efficiency of coral on CO2 in seawater, and provides important data support for coral reef ecological protection and ocean carbon sink research. | SANYA MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE|SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY - CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | (CN118707039)|SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN]) | YUAN XIANGCHENG|TANG SHUO|ZHU QING|ZHOU WEIHUA|YUAN TAO|ZHANG YUYANG | (CN118707039)|YUAN XIANGCHENG|TANG SHUO|ZHU QING|ZHOU WEIHUA|YUAN TAO|ZHANG YUYANG | (CN118707039)|LAO JIANDONG;GUANGZHOU KEYUE I.P. LAW OFFICE|Reg. Nb: 44001 | (CN118707039)|Environmental problems such as rising air temperature and ocean acidification caused by global climate change are seriously threatening the health and stability of the coral reef ecosystem.|The traditional coral carbon fixation rate measurement method generally depends on complex experimental equipment and technology, such as a gas flowmeter, a radioactive isotope tracing technology and the like, and the method is complex in operation, high in cost and limited in practical application.| | (CN118707039)|1. A method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential method, comprising the steps of: collecting a coral sample, and placing the coral sample after wound recovery in a preset experimental environment; Culturing the coral sample in the predetermined experimental environment; Measuring salinity, temperature, total alkalinity and pH value of the water body before and after the coral sample is cultured, and introducing the measured parameters into CO 2 SYS to obtain the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture; And obtaining the carbon fixation rate of the coral sample according to the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture. | | (CN118707039)|Aiming at least one defect in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the coral carbon sequestration rate by using an alkalinity difference method, and the coral carbon sequestration rate can be rapidly and accurately estimated by measuring a series of carbon chemical index changes of a water body survived by coral, so that scientific support and guidance are provided for marine ecological protection and carbon exchange management. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:|The invention discloses a method for measuring coral carbon fixation rate, in particular to a measurement technology based on alkalinity difference.|The invention relates to the technical field of marine ecosystem restoration, in particular to a method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate by using an alkalinity difference method.| | (CN118707039)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,20)|MEASURING CORAL(100,14)|CARBON FIXATION(100,10)|MEASURING CORAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,10)|ALKALINITY DIFFERENTIAL(100,8)|ALKALINITY DIFFERENCE(100,4)|MEASURING CORAL CARBON FIXATION(100,2)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION(53,1)|CORAL SAMPLE(52,17)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION(50,1)|CORAL REEF ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION(49,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(47,1)|CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM(40,3)|CORAL ABSORPTION(37,1)|CORAL CARBON FIXATION(34,1)|SALINITY MEASUREMENT(31,2)|CULTURING CORAL(30,2)|PRESET EXPERIMENTAL ENVIRONMENT(29,4)|CORAL(28,18)|MEASURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS(28,1)|EXPERIMENTAL ENVIRONMENT(27,3)|CORAL ABILITY(26,1)|GAS FLOWMETER(26,1)|SALINITY METER(25,6)|COMPLEX EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT(25,1)|PVC TANK(24,14)|CORAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(24,6)|RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE(23,1)|CULTURE(22,23)|AUTOMATIC POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION(22,3)|AUTOMATIC POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATOR(21,6)|CORAL RESPIRATION RATE(20,1)|SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT(20,1)|CORAL REEF(19,11)|CARBON CHEMICAL(19,1)|ELECTRONIC THERMOMETER(18,6)|TOTAL ALKALINITY CORRECTION COEFFICIENT(18,4)|DEFECT(18,1)|HEALTH(18,1)|PH CORRECTION FACTOR(17,2)|ALKALINITY CHANGE(17,1)|GUIDANCE(17,1)|SYS(16,9)|MEASURED PARAMETER(16,5)|CARBON SINK RESEARCH(16,1)|TOTAL ALKALINITY(15,22)|SPECTROPHOTOMETRY(14,6)|TOTAL ALKALINITY VALUE(13,4)|WATER TOTAL ALKALINITY(13,1)|FILTERED SEAWATER(11,5)|SEA ACIDIFICATION EXACERBATION(11,1)|BROMOCRESOL GREEN STAIN(10,4)|INTERSAMPLE ERROR(10,4)|PH MEASUREMENT(9,3)|ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETER(8,2)|CORAL INDOOR CULTURE(8,1)|OBTAINING CORAL CALCIFICATION(8,1)|RISING AIR TEMPERATURE(8,1)|SPECTRUM FLUORESCENT AQUARIUM LAMP(8,1)|SUPPORTING DATA(8,1)|MU MOL PHOTON(7,3)|CALIBRATED HYDROCHLORIC ACID(6,6)|AFTER WOUND RECOVERY(6,4)|GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE(6,3)|3D SCANNER(6,2)|ABSORBANCE PEAK(6,2)|NET PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE(6,2)|REPLACING STANDARD SEAWATER(6,2)|CORAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION CALCULATION(6,1)|DIVERSE ECOSYSTEM(6,1)|NONEXCLUSIVE INCLUSION(6,1)|WATER BODY(5,28)|PH VALUE(5,13)|CULTURED WATER BODY(5,6)|CORRECTION COEFFICIENT ALPHA(5,4)|MEASURED VALUE(5,3)|M CRESOL PURPLE DYE(5,2)|M CRESOL PURPLE STAIN(5,2)|MEASURED ALKALINITY(5,2)|PH STANDARD SEAWATER(5,2)|TOTAL ALKALINITY ERROR(5,2)|CALCIFICATION INDEX(5,1)|CARBON CIRCULATION DEEP RESEARCH(5,1)|COLLECTED CORAL SAMPLE(5,1)|INDOOR EXPERIMENT ENVIRONMENT(5,1)|PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETER(5,1)|SMALL WATER(5,1)|WATER VOLUME(4,8)|CULTIVATION(4,3)|CARBON PARAMETER(4,2)|AIR TEMPERATURE(4,1)|DARK RESPIRATION ACTION(4,1)|FIXING CORAL(4,1)|VITAL ROLE(4,1)|ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT(3,4)|DARK RESPIRATION RATE(3,2)|FINAL PH(3,2)|NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS RATE(3,2)|SCIENTIST(3,2)|SEAWATER PH(3,2)|STANDARD SEAWATER MIXED SOLUTION(3,2)|STARTING PH(3,2)|THOUSANDTH(3,2)|3D SCANNING(3,1)| | (CN118707039)|1. A method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential method, comprising the steps of:| collecting a coral sample, and placing the coral sample after wound recovery in a preset experimental environment; | Culturing the coral sample in the predetermined experimental environment; | Measuring salinity, temperature, total alkalinity and pH value of the water body before and after the coral sample is cultured, and introducing the measured parameters into CO 2 SYS to obtain the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture; | And obtaining the carbon fixation rate of the coral sample according to the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture. |2. A method of measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential as in claim 1, wherein the salinity S of the body of cultured water is measured using an optical salinity meter.|3. A method of measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential as in claim 1, wherein the temperature T of the cultured water body is measured using an electronic thermometer.|4. A method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential as defined in claim 1, wherein spectrophotometry is used to obtain pH measurements.|5. The method for measuring the coral carbon sequestration rate using an alkalinity differential method as recited in claim 1, wherein the total alkalinity of the water is obtained by an automatic potentiometric titration method.|6. A method of measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential as in claim 1, wherein the total alkalinity value is the product of a total alkalinity correction coefficient and a measured value of the total alkalinity value.|7. A method of measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential as in claim 1, wherein the pH is the product of a pH correction factor and a pH measurement.|8. A method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential as defined in claim 1,|The carbon fixation rate of the coral sample is calculated according to the following formula:| Wherein c (CO 2)start is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before culture, c (CO 2)end is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body after culture), the coral sample is placed in a PVC tank, V is the water volume in the PVC tank, and A is the surface area of the coral. | (CN118707039)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine ecosystem restoration, in particular to a method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate by using an alkalinity difference method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Environmental problems such as rising air temperature and ocean acidification caused by global climate change are seriously threatening the health and stability of the coral reef ecosystem. Coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems on earth, not only provide habitat and food sources for numerous marine organisms, but also play a vital role in global climate control. However, as the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere increases due to human activity, the concentration of CO 2 in the sea increases accordingly, exacerbating ocean acidification, which has a significant adverse effect on coral reef formation, growth and propagation.|[0003] In this context, scientists are pressing to need a method to accurately evaluate the carbon sequestration rate of corals to understand the response mechanism of the coral reef ecosystem to environmental changes more deeply. The traditional coral carbon fixation rate measurement method generally depends on complex experimental equipment and technology, such as a gas flowmeter, a radioactive isotope tracing technology and the like, and the method is complex in operation, high in cost and limited in practical application.|[0004] Therefore, it is important to develop a simple, rapid and accurate measurement method, which is helpful for scientists to monitor and evaluate the absorption capacity of the coral reef on seawater CO 2 in real time, and further explore the relationship between the carbon fixation rate and environmental factors. The measuring method not only can provide powerful data support for the protection and management of the coral reef ecosystem, but also can provide scientific basis for the response of global climate change.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] Aiming at least one defect in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the coral carbon sequestration rate by using an alkalinity difference method, and the coral carbon sequestration rate can be rapidly and accurately estimated by measuring a series of carbon chemical index changes of a water body survived by coral, so that scientific support and guidance are provided for marine ecological protection and carbon exchange management.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:|[0007] A method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential method, comprising the steps of: |[0008] collecting a coral sample, and placing the coral sample after wound recovery in a preset experimental environment; |[0009] Culturing the coral sample in the predetermined experimental environment; |[0010] Measuring salinity, temperature, total alkalinity and pH value of the water body before and after the coral sample is cultured, and introducing the measured parameters into CO 2 SYS to obtain the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture; |[0011] And obtaining the carbon fixation rate of the coral sample according to the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture. |[0012] In one possible implementation, the salinity S of the body of cultured water is measured using an optical salinity meter.|[0013] In one possible implementation, the temperature T of the body of cultured water is measured using an electronic thermometer.|[0014] In one possible implementation, spectrophotometry is used to obtain a measurement of the pH.|[0015] In one possible implementation, the total alkalinity of the water body is obtained by an automatic potentiometric titration method.|[0016] In one possible implementation, the total alkalinity value is the product of a total alkalinity correction coefficient and a measured value of the total alkalinity value.|[0017] In one possible implementation, the pH is the product of a pH correction factor and a measured value of the pH.|[0018] In one possible implementation, the carbon sequestration rate of the coral sample is calculated as follows:|[0019] |[0020] Wherein c (CO 2)start is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before culture, c (CO 2)end is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body after culture), the coral sample is placed in a PVC tank, V is the water volume in the PVC tank, and A is the surface area of the coral. |[0021] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional measurement of certain indexes (such as pH value and the like) by means of a sensor probe, the method adopts a spectrophotometry to measure, and is more accurate and reliable. In addition, the method can also simultaneously measure a plurality of physiological parameters such as calcification index, photosynthetic rate, respiratory rate and the like of the coral, thereby reflecting the carbon fixation rate of the coral more comprehensively and objectively. The method provides a powerful tool for deep research of a carbon circulation mechanism of the coral reef ecological system, and also provides an important scientific basis for protection of the coral reef and coping with global climate change.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laboratory apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;|[0024] FIG. 2 is a photograph of an experimental apparatus in operation according to an embodiment of the present invention; |[0025] FIG. 3 is another photograph of an experimental apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention in operation; |[0026] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the culture temperature and the CO 2 removal rate in the example of the present invention; |[0027] FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.|[0029] It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," along with any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.|[0030] Example 1:|[0031] Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring a coral carbon sequestration rate using an alkalinity differential method, which may include the following steps: |[0032] Step 100: and (3) collecting a coral sample, and placing the coral sample after wound recovery in a preset experimental environment. |[0033] In this step, a sufficient number of coral samples were collected from the coral reef, the collected coral samples were left outdoors until wound recovery, and the coral after wound recovery was moved indoors for about 48 hours.|[0034] Step 200: the coral samples were incubated in a pre-set experimental environment.|[0035] In the step, a coral sample is placed in an indoor closed small water body for culture for 24 hours, and the water temperature, the salinity, the pH value and the like are required to be consistent with the collected points during culture, and a low-power water pump is used for simulating water waves.|[0036] Concretely, coral to be measured, an electronic balance in ten thousandth, fresh filtered seawater, a measuring cylinder, a PVC water storage tank, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, a 3D scanner, an automatic potentiometric titrator, a stirrer with a constant temperature water tank, a GIESEMANN full-spectrum fluorescent aquarium lamp, a four-channel oxygen dissolving instrument, a light quantum probe, an optical salinity meter, an electronic thermometer, m-cresol purple stain, bromocresol green stain and hydrochloric acid of about 0.01mol/L are prepared.|[0037] Step 300: and measuring the salinity, temperature, total alkalinity and pH value of the water body before and after the coral sample is cultured, and introducing the measured parameters into CO 2 SYS to obtain the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture.|[0038] In this step, the salinity S of the culture water body is measured using an optical salinity meter;|[0039] Measuring the temperature T of the cultured water body by using an electronic thermometer; |[0040] Calibrating the concentration of hydrochloric acid: taking standard seawater (V 1) with known alkalinity, adding hydrochloric acid (V 2) with the concentration of about 0.01mol/L by using an automatic potentiometric titrator until the pH value is 3.9-4.2, and continuously stirring for 3min. 80. Mu. Mol of bromocresol green stain was added and mixed well, the absorbance (A 444,A616) was measured at wavelengths of 444nm and 616nm, and the pH was calculated according to the formula: wherein R (25) =r (T) (1+0.00909 (25-T)); Three times until the inter-sample error is less than 0.03. The concentration of the calibrated hydrochloric acid is calculated according to the following formula: where aH + and fH + are the activity and activity coefficient of hydrogen ion, respectively, and specific numerical values are obtained by looking up a table. |[0041] Calculating a correction coefficient of pH: the known pH standard seawater is kept at 25 ℃ for 1h, the absorbance (A 1-434,A1-578,A1-730) of the standard seawater at 433 nm,578nm and 730nm and the absorbance (A 2-434,A2-578,A2-730) of the mixed solution of the standard seawater and m-cresol purple dye at 433 nm,578nm and 730nm are measured, wherein the pH value of the dye is required to be regulated to 7.7-7.9, the adding amount (V) of the dye is dependent on two absorbance peaks at 0.4-1.0, and the pH value is calculated according to the following formula: In the middle of ,a=-246.64209+0.315971S+2.8855 x 10-4S2,b=7229.23864-7.098137S-0.057034S2;c=44.493382-0.052711S,d=0.0781344;e1=-0.007762+4.5174 x 10-5T, R c = R-V (0.125-0.147 xr); wherein S is more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 40, 278.15 is less than or equal to T is less than or equal to 308.15, wherein the temperature needs to be converted to K-temperature. Three times until the inter-sample error is less than 0.03. The correction coefficient of the known pH value and the measured standard seawater pH value is used for calculating according to the following formula|[0042] Calculating a total alkalinity correction coefficient: standard seawater (V 1) with known alkalinity is taken, calibrated hydrochloric acid (V 2) is added by using an automatic potentiometric titrator until the pH is 3.9-4.2, and stirring is continued for 3min, wherein the calibrated hydrochloric acid is calibrated by the step 4). Then, the pH value is measured by the method mentioned in the above-mentioned process of calculating the correction coefficient of pH, and the measured alkalinity is calculated according to the following formula: Where aH + and fH + are the activity and activity coefficient of hydrogen ion, respectively, and specific numerical values are obtained by looking up a table. Repeating the process for three times until the total alkalinity error between samples is less than 10 mu mol/L; calculating a correction coefficient: |[0043] The pH value of the seawater before culture is measured by using a spectrophotometry method, the seawater before culture is used for replacing standard seawater, and the final pH measured value is multiplied by a correction coefficient alpha to obtain the pH start. |[0044] And measuring the total alkalinity value of the water body before culture, and multiplying the final TA measured value by a correction coefficient alpha to obtain TA start.|[0045] The coral to be tested is put into a PVC tank filled with fresh filtered seawater, and is stirred at a low speed, the constant temperature of 27 ℃ and the light intensity of 100 mu mol photons m -2s-1 are carried out for 12:12 were cultured with light for 24 hours.|[0046] And (3) measuring the pH value of the water body after culture: the above step of measuring pH was repeated to obtain pH end after cultivation.|[0047] Total alkalinity measurement of the water after cultivation: repeating the step of measuring the total alkalinity to obtain the total alkalinity TA end of the cultured water body.|[0048] The parameters of carbon are calculated by using CO 2 SYS in combination with the measured parameters, and parameters such as salinity (S), temperature (T), total Alkalinity (TA), pH value, pCO 2、fCO2、c(HCO3-)、c(CO32-)、c(CO2) can be obtained by introducing CO 2 SYS.|[0049] Step 400: and obtaining the carbon fixation rate of the coral sample according to the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after culture.|[0050] In this step, the coral carbon sequestration rate is calculated according to the following formula: Wherein c (CO 2)start is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before culture, c (CO 2)end is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body after culture), V is the volume of water in a PVC tank, and A is the surface area of coral. |[0051] Example 2:|[0052] referring again to fig. 1-5, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential method, which may include the following steps: |[0053] coral samples were collected and allowed to adapt to the experimental environment: and (3) collecting a sufficient number of coral samples from the coral reef, putting the collected coral outside for maintenance until the wound is recovered, and moving the coral after the wound recovery indoors for about 48 hours. |[0054] Indoor culture of coral: culturing coral in indoor sealed small water for 24 hr, and simulating water wave with small power water pump.|[0055] Measuring each parameter: and respectively measuring total alkalinity change, pH value, salinity and the like before and after culturing the water body, and photosynthetic rate and respiratory rate of coral. Wherein the total alkalinity of the water body is measured by an automatic potentiometric titration method, and the required pH value and the pH value before and after the water body is cultured are measured by spectrophotometry.|[0056] Calculation of coral carbon sequestration rate: the CO 2 SYS in combination with the measured parameters was used to calculate the CO 2 concentration change and the coral carbon sequestration rate of the cultured water body.|[0057] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:|[0058] 1) Preparing coral to be measured, an electronic balance in ten thousandth, fresh filtered seawater, a measuring cylinder, a PVC water storage tank, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, a 3D scanner, an automatic potentiometric titrator, a stirrer with a constant-temperature water tank, a GIESEMANN full-spectrum fluorescent aquarium lamp, a four-channel oxygen dissolving instrument, a light quantum probe, an optical salinity meter, an electronic thermometer, m-cresol purple stain, bromocresol green stain and hydrochloric acid of about 0.01 mol/L. |[0059] 2) The salinity S of the cultured water body was measured using an optical salinity meter.|[0060] 3) The temperature T of the cultured water body is measured using an electronic thermometer.|[0061] 4) Calibrating the concentration of hydrochloric acid: taking standard seawater (V 1) with known alkalinity, adding hydrochloric acid (V 2) with the concentration of about 0.01mol/L by using an automatic potentiometric titrator until the pH value is 3.9-4.2, and continuously stirring for 3min. 80. Mu. Mol of bromocresol green stain was added and mixed well, the absorbance (A 444,A616) was measured at wavelengths of 444nm and 616nm, and the pH was calculated according to the formula: wherein R (25) =r (T) (1+0.00909 (25-T)); Three times until the inter-sample error is less than 0.03. The concentration of the calibrated hydrochloric acid is calculated according to the following formula: where aH + and fH + are the activity and activity coefficient of hydrogen ion, respectively, and specific numerical values are obtained by looking up a table. |[0062] 5) Calculating a correction coefficient of pH: the known pH standard seawater is kept at 25 ℃ for 1h, the absorbance (A 1-434,A1-578,A1-730) of the standard seawater at 433 nm,578nm and 730nm and the absorbance (A 2-434,A2-578,A2-730) of the mixed solution of the standard seawater and m-cresol purple dye at 433 nm,578nm and 730nm are measured, wherein the pH value of the dye is required to be regulated to 7.7-7.9, the adding amount (V) of the dye is dependent on two absorbance peaks at 0.4-1.0, and the pH value is calculated according to the following formula: In the middle of ,a=-246.64209+0.315971S+2.8855 x 10-4S2,b=7229.23864-7.098137S-0.057034S2;c=44.493382-0.052711S,d=0.0781344;e1=-0.007762+4.5174 x 10-5T, 1.0436 x 10-4(S-35),R c = R-V (0.125-0.147 xr); wherein S is more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 40, 278.15 is less than or equal to T is less than or equal to 308.15, wherein the temperature needs to be converted to K-temperature. Three times until the inter-sample error is less than 0.03. The correction coefficient of the known pH value and the measured standard seawater pH value is used for calculating according to the following formula|[0063] 6) Calculating a total alkalinity correction coefficient: standard seawater (V 1) with known alkalinity is taken, calibrated hydrochloric acid (V 2) is added by using an automatic potentiometric titrator until the pH is 3.9-4.2, and stirring is continued for 3min, wherein the calibrated hydrochloric acid is calibrated by the step 4). The pH was then measured using the method in step 5), and the measured alkalinity was calculated as follows: Where aH + and fH + are the activity and activity coefficient of hydrogen ion, respectively, and specific numerical values are obtained by looking up a table. Repeating the process for three times until the total alkalinity error between samples is less than 10 mu mol/L; calculating a correction coefficient: |[0064] 7) And (3) measuring the pH value of the seawater before culturing by using a spectrophotometry, wherein the specific steps are the same as (5), the seawater before culturing is used for replacing standard seawater, and the final pH measured value is multiplied by a correction coefficient alpha to obtain the pH start. |[0065] 8) And (3) measuring the total alkalinity value of the water body before culture, repeating the step (6), and multiplying the final TA measured value by a correction coefficient alpha to obtain TA start.|[0066] 9) The coral to be tested is put into a PVC tank filled with fresh filtered seawater, and is stirred at a low speed, the constant temperature of 27 ℃ and the light intensity of 100 mu mol photons m -2s-1 are carried out for 12:12 were cultured with light for 24 hours.|[0067] 10 PH measurement of the water after incubation: repeating the step (7) to obtain the pH end.|[0068] 11 Total alkalinity measurement of the water after cultivation: repeating the step (8) to obtain TA end.|[0069] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method of achieving a net photosynthesis rate, a light enhanced respiration rate, and a dark respiration rate, comprising in particular steps 12) to 16):|[0070] 12 Determination of photosynthetic respiration rate: fixing coral suitable for indoor experiment environment in PVC tank filled with fresh filtered seawater, adding stirrer, stirring at low speed (150 r/min), turning on full spectrum fluorescent aquarium lamp and water tank thermostatic switch, and using light quantum probe to ensure that the light intensity of coral is about 100 mu mol photons m -2s-1, which is about equal to that of coral. The change in dissolved oxygen in the PVC tank was measured using a four-way oximeter, the net photosynthetic rate (net photosynthetic rate, pn) and the light enhanced respiration rate (light enhancedrespiration rate, RL) were measured during the day, while the dark respiration rate (darkbreaking rate, RD) was measured after light-off and dark adaptation was completed for 1h, and the change in oxygen concentration was calculated using a linear regression method to obtain each oxygen concentration change rate Q Pn,QRL,QRD. |[0071] 13 Surface area a of coral was measured using 3D scanning.|[0072] 14 Calculating the net photosynthesis rate according to the following formula: Wherein Q Pn is the oxygen concentration change rate under the net photosynthesis rate, V is the volume of water filled in the PVC tank, M is the relative molecular mass of oxygen, and A is the surface of coral. |[0073] 15 Calculating the light enhanced respiration rate according to the following formula: Wherein Q RL is the oxygen concentration change rate under the light enhancement respiration rate, V is the water volume contained in the PVC tank, M is the relative molecular mass of oxygen, and A is the coral surface. |[0074] 16 A) calculate the dark breathing rate, according to the following formula: wherein Q RL is the oxygen concentration change rate under the action of dark respiration, V is the volume of water filled in the PVC tank, M is the relative molecular mass of oxygen, and A is the surface of coral. |[0075] 17 Using CO 2 SYS to calculate the carbon parameters, and introducing the salinity (S), the temperature (T), the Total Alkalinity (TA), the pH value into CO 2 SYS to obtain pCO 2、fCO2、c(HCO3-)、c(CO32-)、c(CO2) and other parameters.|[0076] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method of obtaining coral calcification rate by performing step 18) to obtain coral calcification rate using data that has been measured to calculate coral carbon sequestration rate:|[0077] 18 Coral calcification rate calculated according to the following formula: Wherein TA start is the total alkalinity of the water body before culture, TA end is the total alkalinity of the water body after culture, V is the volume of water in the PVC tank, and A is the surface area of coral. |[0078] 19 Coral carbon sequestration rate, calculated according to the following formula: Wherein c (CO 2)start is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before culture, c (CO 2)end is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body after culture), V is the volume of water in a PVC tank, and A is the surface area of coral. |[0079] The measurement results are shown in the following table:|[0080] |[0081] |[0082] In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction. |[0083] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the essence of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. | (CN118707039)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine ecosystem restoration, in particular to a method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate by using an alkalinity difference method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Environmental problems such as rising air temperature and ocean acidification caused by global climate change are seriously threatening the health and stability of the coral reef ecosystem. Coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems on earth, not only provide habitat and food sources for numerous marine organisms, but also play a vital role in global climate control. However, as the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere increases due to human activity, the concentration of CO 2 in the sea increases accordingly, exacerbating ocean acidification, which has a significant adverse effect on coral reef formation, growth and propagation.|[0003] In this context, scientists are pressing to need a method to accurately evaluate the carbon sequestration rate of corals to understand the response mechanism of the coral reef ecosystem to environmental changes more deeply. The traditional coral carbon fixation rate measurement method generally depends on complex experimental equipment and technology, such as a gas flowmeter, a radioactive isotope tracing technology and the like, and the method is complex in operation, high in cost and limited in practical application.|[0004] Therefore, it is important to develop a simple, rapid and accurate measurement method, which is helpful for scientists to monitor and evaluate the absorption capacity of the coral reef on seawater CO 2 in real time, and further explore the relationship between the carbon fixation rate and environmental factors. The measuring method not only can provide powerful data support for the protection and management of the coral reef ecosystem, but also can provide scientific basis for the response of global climate change.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] Aiming at least one defect in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the coral carbon sequestration rate by using an alkalinity difference method, and the coral carbon sequestration rate can be rapidly and accurately estimated by measuring a series of carbon chemical index changes of a water body survived by coral, so that scientific support and guidance are provided for marine ecological protection and carbon exchange management.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:|[0007] A method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential method, comprising the steps of: |[0008] collecting a coral sample, and placing the coral sample after wound recovery in a preset experimental environment; |[0009] Culturing the coral sample in the predetermined experimental environment; |[0010] Measuring salinity, temperature, total alkalinity and pH value of the water body before and after the coral sample is cultured, and introducing the measured parameters into CO 2 SYS to obtain the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture; |[0011] And obtaining the carbon fixation rate of the coral sample according to the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture. |[0012] In one possible implementation, the salinity S of the body of cultured water is measured using an optical salinity meter.|[0013] In one possible implementation, the temperature T of the body of cultured water is measured using an electronic thermometer.|[0014] In one possible implementation, spectrophotometry is used to obtain a measurement of the pH.|[0015] In one possible implementation, the total alkalinity of the water body is obtained by an automatic potentiometric titration method.|[0016] In one possible implementation, the total alkalinity value is the product of a total alkalinity correction coefficient and a measured value of the total alkalinity value.|[0017] In one possible implementation, the pH is the product of a pH correction factor and a measured value of the pH.|[0018] In one possible implementation, the carbon sequestration rate of the coral sample is calculated as follows:|[0019] |[0020] Wherein c (CO 2)start is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before culture, c (CO 2)end is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body after culture), the coral sample is placed in a PVC tank, V is the water volume in the PVC tank, and A is the surface area of the coral. |[0021] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional measurement of certain indexes (such as pH value and the like) by means of a sensor probe, the method adopts a spectrophotometry to measure, and is more accurate and reliable. In addition, the method can also simultaneously measure a plurality of physiological parameters such as calcification index, photosynthetic rate, respiratory rate and the like of the coral, thereby reflecting the carbon fixation rate of the coral more comprehensively and objectively. The method provides a powerful tool for deep research of a carbon circulation mechanism of the coral reef ecological system, and also provides an important scientific basis for protection of the coral reef and coping with global climate change.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laboratory apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;|[0024] FIG. 2 is a photograph of an experimental apparatus in operation according to an embodiment of the present invention; |[0025] FIG. 3 is another photograph of an experimental apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention in operation; |[0026] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the culture temperature and the CO 2 removal rate in the example of the present invention; |[0027] FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.|[0029] It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," along with any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.|[0030] Example 1:|[0031] Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring a coral carbon sequestration rate using an alkalinity differential method, which may include the following steps: |[0032] Step 100: and (3) collecting a coral sample, and placing the coral sample after wound recovery in a preset experimental environment. |[0033] In this step, a sufficient number of coral samples were collected from the coral reef, the collected coral samples were left outdoors until wound recovery, and the coral after wound recovery was moved indoors for about 48 hours.|[0034] Step 200: the coral samples were incubated in a pre-set experimental environment.|[0035] In the step, a coral sample is placed in an indoor closed small water body for culture for 24 hours, and the water temperature, the salinity, the pH value and the like are required to be consistent with the collected points during culture, and a low-power water pump is used for simulating water waves.|[0036] Concretely, coral to be measured, an electronic balance in ten thousandth, fresh filtered seawater, a measuring cylinder, a PVC water storage tank, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, a 3D scanner, an automatic potentiometric titrator, a stirrer with a constant temperature water tank, a GIESEMANN full-spectrum fluorescent aquarium lamp, a four-channel oxygen dissolving instrument, a light quantum probe, an optical salinity meter, an electronic thermometer, m-cresol purple stain, bromocresol green stain and hydrochloric acid of about 0.01mol/L are prepared.|[0037] Step 300: and measuring the salinity, temperature, total alkalinity and pH value of the water body before and after the coral sample is cultured, and introducing the measured parameters into CO 2 SYS to obtain the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after the culture.|[0038] In this step, the salinity S of the culture water body is measured using an optical salinity meter;|[0039] Measuring the temperature T of the cultured water body by using an electronic thermometer; |[0040] Calibrating the concentration of hydrochloric acid: taking standard seawater (V 1) with known alkalinity, adding hydrochloric acid (V 2) with the concentration of about 0.01mol/L by using an automatic potentiometric titrator until the pH value is 3.9-4.2, and continuously stirring for 3min. 80. Mu. Mol of bromocresol green stain was added and mixed well, the absorbance (A 444,A616) was measured at wavelengths of 444nm and 616nm, and the pH was calculated according to the formula: wherein R (25) =r (T) (1+0.00909 (25-T)); Three times until the inter-sample error is less than 0.03. The concentration of the calibrated hydrochloric acid is calculated according to the following formula: where aH + and fH + are the activity and activity coefficient of hydrogen ion, respectively, and specific numerical values are obtained by looking up a table. |[0041] Calculating a correction coefficient of pH: the known pH standard seawater is kept at 25 ℃ for 1h, the absorbance (A 1-434,A1-578,A1-730) of the standard seawater at 433 nm,578nm and 730nm and the absorbance (A 2-434,A2-578,A2-730) of the mixed solution of the standard seawater and m-cresol purple dye at 433 nm,578nm and 730nm are measured, wherein the pH value of the dye is required to be regulated to 7.7-7.9, the adding amount (V) of the dye is dependent on two absorbance peaks at 0.4-1.0, and the pH value is calculated according to the following formula: In the middle of ,a=-246.64209+0.315971S+2.8855 x 10-4S2,b=7229.23864-7.098137S-0.057034S2;c=44.493382-0.052711S,d=0.0781344;e1=-0.007762+4.5174 x 10-5T, R c = R-V (0.125-0.147 xr); wherein S is more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 40, 278.15 is less than or equal to T is less than or equal to 308.15, wherein the temperature needs to be converted to K-temperature. Three times until the inter-sample error is less than 0.03. The correction coefficient of the known pH value and the measured standard seawater pH value is used for calculating according to the following formula|[0042] Calculating a total alkalinity correction coefficient: standard seawater (V 1) with known alkalinity is taken, calibrated hydrochloric acid (V 2) is added by using an automatic potentiometric titrator until the pH is 3.9-4.2, and stirring is continued for 3min, wherein the calibrated hydrochloric acid is calibrated by the step 4). Then, the pH value is measured by the method mentioned in the above-mentioned process of calculating the correction coefficient of pH, and the measured alkalinity is calculated according to the following formula: Where aH + and fH + are the activity and activity coefficient of hydrogen ion, respectively, and specific numerical values are obtained by looking up a table. Repeating the process for three times until the total alkalinity error between samples is less than 10 mu mol/L; calculating a correction coefficient: |[0043] The pH value of the seawater before culture is measured by using a spectrophotometry method, the seawater before culture is used for replacing standard seawater, and the final pH measured value is multiplied by a correction coefficient alpha to obtain the pH start. |[0044] And measuring the total alkalinity value of the water body before culture, and multiplying the final TA measured value by a correction coefficient alpha to obtain TA start.|[0045] The coral to be tested is put into a PVC tank filled with fresh filtered seawater, and is stirred at a low speed, the constant temperature of 27 ℃ and the light intensity of 100 mu mol photons m -2s-1 are carried out for 12:12 were cultured with light for 24 hours.|[0046] And (3) measuring the pH value of the water body after culture: the above step of measuring pH was repeated to obtain pH end after cultivation.|[0047] Total alkalinity measurement of the water after cultivation: repeating the step of measuring the total alkalinity to obtain the total alkalinity TA end of the cultured water body.|[0048] The parameters of carbon are calculated by using CO 2 SYS in combination with the measured parameters, and parameters such as salinity (S), temperature (T), total Alkalinity (TA), pH value, pCO 2、fCO2、c(HCO3-)、c(CO32-)、c(CO2) can be obtained by introducing CO 2 SYS.|[0049] Step 400: and obtaining the carbon fixation rate of the coral sample according to the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before and after culture.|[0050] In this step, the coral carbon sequestration rate is calculated according to the following formula: Wherein c (CO 2)start is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before culture, c (CO 2)end is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body after culture), V is the volume of water in a PVC tank, and A is the surface area of coral. |[0051] Example 2:|[0052] referring again to fig. 1-5, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate using alkalinity differential method, which may include the following steps: |[0053] coral samples were collected and allowed to adapt to the experimental environment: and (3) collecting a sufficient number of coral samples from the coral reef, putting the collected coral outside for maintenance until the wound is recovered, and moving the coral after the wound recovery indoors for about 48 hours. |[0054] Indoor culture of coral: culturing coral in indoor sealed small water for 24 hr, and simulating water wave with small power water pump.|[0055] Measuring each parameter: and respectively measuring total alkalinity change, pH value, salinity and the like before and after culturing the water body, and photosynthetic rate and respiratory rate of coral. Wherein the total alkalinity of the water body is measured by an automatic potentiometric titration method, and the required pH value and the pH value before and after the water body is cultured are measured by spectrophotometry.|[0056] Calculation of coral carbon sequestration rate: the CO 2 SYS in combination with the measured parameters was used to calculate the CO 2 concentration change and the coral carbon sequestration rate of the cultured water body.|[0057] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:|[0058] 1) Preparing coral to be measured, an electronic balance in ten thousandth, fresh filtered seawater, a measuring cylinder, a PVC water storage tank, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, a 3D scanner, an automatic potentiometric titrator, a stirrer with a constant-temperature water tank, a GIESEMANN full-spectrum fluorescent aquarium lamp, a four-channel oxygen dissolving instrument, a light quantum probe, an optical salinity meter, an electronic thermometer, m-cresol purple stain, bromocresol green stain and hydrochloric acid of about 0.01 mol/L. |[0059] 2) The salinity S of the cultured water body was measured using an optical salinity meter.|[0060] 3) The temperature T of the cultured water body is measured using an electronic thermometer.|[0061] 4) Calibrating the concentration of hydrochloric acid: taking standard seawater (V 1) with known alkalinity, adding hydrochloric acid (V 2) with the concentration of about 0.01mol/L by using an automatic potentiometric titrator until the pH value is 3.9-4.2, and continuously stirring for 3min. 80. Mu. Mol of bromocresol green stain was added and mixed well, the absorbance (A 444,A616) was measured at wavelengths of 444nm and 616nm, and the pH was calculated according to the formula: wherein R (25) =r (T) (1+0.00909 (25-T)); Three times until the inter-sample error is less than 0.03. The concentration of the calibrated hydrochloric acid is calculated according to the following formula: where aH + and fH + are the activity and activity coefficient of hydrogen ion, respectively, and specific numerical values are obtained by looking up a table. |[0062] 5) Calculating a correction coefficient of pH: the known pH standard seawater is kept at 25 ℃ for 1h, the absorbance (A 1-434,A1-578,A1-730) of the standard seawater at 433 nm,578nm and 730nm and the absorbance (A 2-434,A2-578,A2-730) of the mixed solution of the standard seawater and m-cresol purple dye at 433 nm,578nm and 730nm are measured, wherein the pH value of the dye is required to be regulated to 7.7-7.9, the adding amount (V) of the dye is dependent on two absorbance peaks at 0.4-1.0, and the pH value is calculated according to the following formula: In the middle of ,a=-246.64209+0.315971S+2.8855 x 10-4S2,b=7229.23864-7.098137S-0.057034S2;c=44.493382-0.052711S,d=0.0781344;e1=-0.007762+4.5174 x 10-5T, 1.0436 x 10-4(S-35),R c = R-V (0.125-0.147 xr); wherein S is more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 40, 278.15 is less than or equal to T is less than or equal to 308.15, wherein the temperature needs to be converted to K-temperature. Three times until the inter-sample error is less than 0.03. The correction coefficient of the known pH value and the measured standard seawater pH value is used for calculating according to the following formula|[0063] 6) Calculating a total alkalinity correction coefficient: standard seawater (V 1) with known alkalinity is taken, calibrated hydrochloric acid (V 2) is added by using an automatic potentiometric titrator until the pH is 3.9-4.2, and stirring is continued for 3min, wherein the calibrated hydrochloric acid is calibrated by the step 4). The pH was then measured using the method in step 5), and the measured alkalinity was calculated as follows: Where aH + and fH + are the activity and activity coefficient of hydrogen ion, respectively, and specific numerical values are obtained by looking up a table. Repeating the process for three times until the total alkalinity error between samples is less than 10 mu mol/L; calculating a correction coefficient: |[0064] 7) And (3) measuring the pH value of the seawater before culturing by using a spectrophotometry, wherein the specific steps are the same as (5), the seawater before culturing is used for replacing standard seawater, and the final pH measured value is multiplied by a correction coefficient alpha to obtain the pH start. |[0065] 8) And (3) measuring the total alkalinity value of the water body before culture, repeating the step (6), and multiplying the final TA measured value by a correction coefficient alpha to obtain TA start.|[0066] 9) The coral to be tested is put into a PVC tank filled with fresh filtered seawater, and is stirred at a low speed, the constant temperature of 27 ℃ and the light intensity of 100 mu mol photons m -2s-1 are carried out for 12:12 were cultured with light for 24 hours.|[0067] 10 PH measurement of the water after incubation: repeating the step (7) to obtain the pH end.|[0068] 11 Total alkalinity measurement of the water after cultivation: repeating the step (8) to obtain TA end.|[0069] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method of achieving a net photosynthesis rate, a light enhanced respiration rate, and a dark respiration rate, comprising in particular steps 12) to 16):|[0070] 12 Determination of photosynthetic respiration rate: fixing coral suitable for indoor experiment environment in PVC tank filled with fresh filtered seawater, adding stirrer, stirring at low speed (150 r/min), turning on full spectrum fluorescent aquarium lamp and water tank thermostatic switch, and using light quantum probe to ensure that the light intensity of coral is about 100 mu mol photons m -2s-1, which is about equal to that of coral. The change in dissolved oxygen in the PVC tank was measured using a four-way oximeter, the net photosynthetic rate (net photosynthetic rate, pn) and the light enhanced respiration rate (light enhancedrespiration rate, RL) were measured during the day, while the dark respiration rate (darkbreaking rate, RD) was measured after light-off and dark adaptation was completed for 1h, and the change in oxygen concentration was calculated using a linear regression method to obtain each oxygen concentration change rate Q Pn,QRL,QRD. |[0071] 13 Surface area a of coral was measured using 3D scanning.|[0072] 14 Calculating the net photosynthesis rate according to the following formula: Wherein Q Pn is the oxygen concentration change rate under the net photosynthesis rate, V is the volume of water filled in the PVC tank, M is the relative molecular mass of oxygen, and A is the surface of coral. |[0073] 15 Calculating the light enhanced respiration rate according to the following formula: Wherein Q RL is the oxygen concentration change rate under the light enhancement respiration rate, V is the water volume contained in the PVC tank, M is the relative molecular mass of oxygen, and A is the coral surface. |[0074] 16 A) calculate the dark breathing rate, according to the following formula: wherein Q RL is the oxygen concentration change rate under the action of dark respiration, V is the volume of water filled in the PVC tank, M is the relative molecular mass of oxygen, and A is the surface of coral. |[0075] 17 Using CO 2 SYS to calculate the carbon parameters, and introducing the salinity (S), the temperature (T), the Total Alkalinity (TA), the pH value into CO 2 SYS to obtain pCO 2、fCO2、c(HCO3-)、c(CO32-)、c(CO2) and other parameters.|[0076] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method of obtaining coral calcification rate by performing step 18) to obtain coral calcification rate using data that has been measured to calculate coral carbon sequestration rate:|[0077] 18 Coral calcification rate calculated according to the following formula: Wherein TA start is the total alkalinity of the water body before culture, TA end is the total alkalinity of the water body after culture, V is the volume of water in the PVC tank, and A is the surface area of coral. |[0078] 19 Coral carbon sequestration rate, calculated according to the following formula: Wherein c (CO 2)start is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body before culture, c (CO 2)end is the concentration of CO 2 in the water body after culture), V is the volume of water in a PVC tank, and A is the surface area of coral. |[0079] The measurement results are shown in the following table:|[0080] |[0081] |[0082] In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction. |[0083] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the essence of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(111616969)|111616969|Abstract|(CN118707039 A)|The invention discloses a method for measuring the carbon sequestration rate of coral , and particularly relates to a measurement technology based on alkalinity difference . According to the method , the carbon sequestration rate of the coral is calculated by utilizing the capacity of the coral for absorbing CO2 in seawater , measuring the photosynthesis and respiratory action rate of the coral and the change of alkalinity after the coral is cultured in a small water body for a period of time , and converting the data into the change of CO2 concentration by utilizing CO2SYS software . The method can accurately and quickly evaluate the absorption efficiency of coral on CO2 in seawater , and provides important data support for coral reef ecological protection and ocean carbon sink research . |Title|(CN118707039 A)|Method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate by using alkalinity difference method | | Analysis of biological materials | G01N-033/00|Y02A-040/81 | G01N-033/00|Y02A-040/81 | G01N-033/00 | G01N-033/00 | CN108108585|CN103651265|JP2003004718 | CN108108585 79909100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN103651265 64998951 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|JP2003004718 22110137 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | 张乃星;孙旭;曹丛华;任荣珠;陶卉卉;孙滨;王建勇;侯继灵;于洋;: "渤海海峡冬季无机碳的立体分布特征及其源汇变化", 海洋学报(中文版), no. 06, 15 November 2012 (2012-11-15), pages 94 - 101 (Cat. A)|牟亮: "秋季西北太平洋沿150°E断面碳酸盐体系 分布特征及海洋碱化对增强碳汇效应初探", 中国知网,基础科学, no. 01, 15 January 2020 (2020-01-15), pages 5 - 6 (Cat. Y)|上官琦佩: "海水pH与碳酸根离子自动分析仪器的研制与应用", 中国知网,基础科学工程科技I辑, no. 01, 15 January 2023 (2023-01-15), pages 1 - 15 (Cat. Y)|张继红;吴文广;任黎华;韩婷婷;王巍;方建光;: "桑沟湾表层水pCO_2的季节变化及影响因素分析", 渔业科学进展, no. 01, 15 February 2013 (2013-02-15), pages 57 - 64 (Cat. A)|郭亚娟;周伟华;袁翔城;廖健祖;江雷;黄晖;: "两种造礁石珊瑚对海水酸化和溶解有机碳加富的响应", 热带海洋学报, no. 01, 15 January 2018 (2018-01-15) (Cat. A)|赵贺 等: "两种造礁石珊瑚固碳能力初步研究①", 热带海洋学报, vol. 43, no. 3, 27 June 2023 (2023-06-27), pages 146 (Cat. Y) | JP2003004718; CN103651265; CN108108585 | PENDING | (CN118707039)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN118707039)|ALIVE | (CN118707039)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN118707039|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-06-26|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2024-06-26|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202410836974|Application date=2024-06-26|Standardized application number=2024CN-0836974|Event publication date=2024-09-27|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118707039|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-09-27|Standardized publication number=CN118707039|Event publication date=2024-09-27|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-10-18|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-02-21|Event code=CN/TA01|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Transfer of the patent application right or the patent right|FORMER APPLICANT:SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES APPLICANT:SANYA MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE APPLICANT:SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES|Effective date of the event=2025-02-05 | (CN118707039)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoTyRMAqy3I7KVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000074643092&ekey=2530&xpn=CN118707039&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=IKznAdvpDJpwTCdd%252BxQSyZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN118707039)|CN | (CN118707039)|NAME=SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN | (CN118707039)|NAME=LAO JIANDONG;GUANGZHOU KEYUE I.P. LAW OFFICE , REG=44001 | (CN118707039)|NAME=YUAN XIANGCHENG|NAME=TANG SHUO|NAME=ZHU QING|NAME=ZHOU WEIHUA|NAME=YUAN TAO|NAME=ZHANG YUYANG | Titre: (CN118707039)|Method for measuring coral carbon sequestration rate by using alkalinity difference method Résumé: (CN118707039)|The invention discloses a method for measuring the carbon sequestration rate of coral, and particularly relates to a measurement technology based on alkalinity difference. According to the method, the carbon sequestration rate of the coral is calculated by utilizing the capacity of the coral for absorbing CO2 in seawater, measuring the photosynthesis and respiratory action rate of the coral and the change of alkalinity after the coral is cultured in a small water body for a period of time, and converting the data into the change of CO2 concentration by utilizing CO2SYS software. The method can accurately and quickly evaluate the absorption efficiency of coral on CO2 in seawater, and provides important data support for coral reef ecological protection and ocean carbon sink research. | 33.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on measuring carbon sequestration by coral, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 3.0 | 0.0 | (CN118707039)|1 | (CN118707039)|7 | (CN118707039)|8 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN118707039)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN118707039)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-09-27|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-3902|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12| | (CN118707039)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN118707039)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 46 | CN202510177217 | CN202510177217 | CN120022734 | 114655307 | CN120022734 A 2025-05-23 [CN120022734] | 2025-02-18 | 2025-02-18 | 2025-05-23 | (CN120022734)|2045-02-18 | (CN120022734)|Ocean carbon sink increasing method based on construction of multifunctional artificial coral forest | (CN120022734)|The invention provides an ocean carbon sink increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, and belongs to the technical field of carbon sink increasing. The ocean carbon sink increasing method comprises the following steps that (1) an artificial coral forest framework unit is constructed, and the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit is placed on the seabed; and 2) opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit so as to release a carbon sequestration compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO2 in the atmosphere. According to the method provided by the invention, ocean carbon sink increase is enhanced, meanwhile, the seabed ecological environment can be improved, a good habitat is provided for fishes and benthic organisms, the cost of artificial fish reef production and laying and ocean chemical carbon sequestration is reduced, and the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and ocean chemical carbon sequestration are improved. | INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY - CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES|LAOSHAN NATIONAL LAB | (CN120022734)|INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN])|LAOSHAN NATIONAL LAB | LI XUEGANG|SONG JINMING|LIU SHANSHAN|MA JUN|YUAN HUAMAO|DUAN LIQIN | (CN120022734)|LI XUEGANG|SONG JINMING|LIU SHANSHAN|MA JUN|YUAN HUAMAO|DUAN LIQIN | (CN120022734)|ZHAO XUECONG;QINGDAO LAWSCI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 37256 | (CN120022734)|Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|The invention provides a marine carbon sequestration method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which can improve the submarine ecological environment while enhancing the marine carbon sequestration, provide a better habitat for fishes and benthos, reduce the cost of artificial fish reef production and arrangement and marine chemical carbon sequestration, and improve the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and the marine chemical carbon sequestration.|The method provided by the invention can improve the submarine ecological environment while enhancing the ocean carbon sequestration technology, provides a better habitat for fishes and benthos, reduces the cost of artificial fish reef production and arrangement and ocean chemical carbon sequestration, and improves the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and ocean chemical carbon sequestration.| | (CN120022734)|1. A marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Constructing an artificial coral forest framework unit, and placing the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit on the sea floor; 2) And opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit to release a solid carbon compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere. | | (CN120022734)|In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which comprises the following steps:|The invention provides a marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, and belongs to the technical field of carbon sink-increasing.|The invention provides a marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which comprises the following steps:| | (CN120022734)|CARBON SINK(100,15)|CONSTRUCTION(100,8)|CORAL FOREST(100,8)|MULTIFUNCTIONAL ARTIFICIAL CORAL FOREST(100,8)|MARINE CARBON SINK(100,7)|MULTIFUNCTIONAL ARTIFICIAL CORAL(100,1)|MULTIFUNCTIONAL ARTIFICIAL CORAL CONSTRUCTION(100,1)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF(45,4)|COMPREHENSIVE ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT(44,4)|SUBMARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(39,4)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF PRODUCTION(36,4)|ARTIFICIAL CORAL(33,21)|FISH REEF PRODUCTION(28,4)|ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT(27,5)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(26,5)|MARINE CHEMICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(25,4)|MARINE CHEMICAL(22,4)|LIQUID STORAGE BOTTLE(20,34)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,26)|CONSTRUCTED ARTIFICIAL CORAL(20,6)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(20,5)|FRAMEWORK(18,18)|ARTIFICIAL CORAL SKELETON HEIGHT(18,2)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(17,9)|CONCAVE ROPE NOSE(17,2)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(16,5)|OCEAN CHEMICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,4)|HABITAT(15,6)|WATERPROOF SHELL(15,5)|BENTHO(13,5)|OCEAN CHEMICAL(13,5)|DRAINAGE PIPE(13,4)|LIQUID STORAGE(11,44)|FISH(11,5)|ARTIFICIAL CORAL FRAMEWORK(10,6)|SEAWATER(9,14)|ARTIFICIAL CORAL FOREST FRAMING(9,2)|WATER OUTLET PIPE(8,14)|THREADED HOLE(8,7)|GALVANIZED PIPE(7,13)|SEA FLOOR(7,7)|OCEAN ABSORPTION(6,6)|CARBON COMPOUND(5,15)|CARBON COMPOUND SOLUTION(5,12)|MICRO WATER PUMP(5,6)|WATERTIGHT CONNECTION(5,3)|ARTIFICIAL CORAL LIN GOUJIA(5,1)|DRAINAGE TUBE(4,14)|WATER INLET PIPE(4,6)|SOLUBLE CALCIUM COMPOUND(4,3)|CORAL REEF SKELETON(4,2)|SEALING COVER(4,2)|CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATE(3,3)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(3,2)|ARTIFICIAL CORAL ADHESION(3,1)|BENTHONIC ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|BENTHONIC ORGANISM(3,1)|CORAL REEF FRAMEWORK(3,1)|CORAL SKELETON(3,1)|MARINE CHEMICAL SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|REAL MARINE PASTURE(3,1)|SEA GRASS(3,1)|SEAWATER PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONDITION(3,1)|SATURATED SOLUTION(2,4)|ARTIFICIAL REEF(2,3)|BENT STRUCTURE(2,3)|LIQUID STORAGE CONICAL STRUCTURE(2,3)|STORAGE BATTERY(2,3)|RELEASING CA(2,2)|WATERPROOF HOUSING(2,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CATEGORY(2,1)|CONCAVE ROPE(2,1)|EARTH ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING(2,1)|GROWING ENVIRONMENT COMPLEXITY(2,1)|MARINE ORGANISM ADHESION(2,1)|OMEGA CACO(2,1)|RESERVOIR HOLDER(2,1)|ROPE NOSE(2,1)|SEAWATER CALCIUM CARBONATE(2,1)|SEAWATER CARBONATE(2,1)|SEAWATER CONTENT(2,1)|SEAWATER ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|BICARBONATE(1,2)|MINIATURE WATER PUMP OUTLET(1,2)|SEAWATER TEMPERATURE(1,2)|BASIC FRAMEWORK(1,1)| | (CN120022734)|1. A marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:| 1) Constructing an artificial coral forest framework unit, and placing the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit on the sea floor; | 2) And opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit to release a solid carbon compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere. |2. The marine carbon sequestration process of claim 1, wherein the solid carbon compound solution in step 2) is a saturated solution of soluble calcium compounds.|3. The method of increasing sink of ocean carbon of claim 1, wherein the release rate of the solid carbon compound solution in step 2) is 0.1mL/min.|4. The method for increasing sink of ocean carbon as defined in claim 1, wherein the artificial coral forest skeleton unit in step 1) comprises a base, an artificial coral skeleton, a drainage tube, a liquid storage bottle support, a liquid storage bottle and a micro water pump;| The artificial coral skeleton and the liquid storage bottle support are respectively arranged on the base, the liquid storage bottle is arranged on the liquid storage bottle support, a water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump is connected with a water outlet pipe of the liquid storage bottle, one end of the drainage pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe of the miniature water pump, and the other end of the drainage pipe is fixed at the top end of the artificial coral skeleton. |5. The ocean carbon sequestration method according to claim 4, wherein the base is internally provided with a steel bar grid, the center and four corners of the base are respectively provided with a galvanized pipe, the artificial coral skeleton is inserted into the galvanized pipes at the four corners of the base, and the liquid storage bottle support is inserted into the galvanized pipes at the center of the base.|6. The marine carbon sink-increasing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the artificial coral skeleton is constructed by steel bars and is of a bent structure, and the height of the artificial coral skeleton is 25-35 cm.|7. The method for increasing the sink of ocean carbon of claim 4, wherein the upper end of the liquid storage bottle support is in a conical structure, the liquid storage bottle is inversely installed in the conical structure of the liquid storage bottle support, and an adjustable mechanism is arranged at a contact part of the liquid storage bottle support and the liquid storage bottle.|8. The ocean carbon sink increasing method according to claim 4 is characterized in that a plurality of concave rope noses are equidistantly distributed on the edge of the bottom of the liquid storage bottle, a plurality of threaded holes are distributed in the middle of the bottom of the liquid storage bottle, a grid is arranged on the shoulder in the liquid storage bottle, a sealing cover is arranged on the top of the liquid storage bottle, and a water outlet pipe penetrates through the sealing cover to form water-tight connection with a water inlet pipe of a miniature water pump.|9. The marine carbon sink increasing method according to claim 4, wherein the miniature water pump comprises a waterproof shell, a water pump body and a storage battery, and screws matched with threaded holes in the bottom of the liquid storage bottle are arranged at the bottom of the waterproof shell.|10. The ocean carbon sequestration method of claim 9 wherein the micro water pump is provided with a plurality of water pump outlets. | (CN120022734)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration, and particularly relates to a marine carbon sequestration method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest.|BACKGROUND ART|[0003] Ocean is recognized as one of two major carbon sinks on the earth, the ocean area is wide and accounts for about 71% of the earth's surface area, about one third of carbon dioxide emitted by human activities can be absorbed each year, and carbon absorbed by ocean can be transmitted into deep layers and sediments through a biological pump and a carbonate pump for long-term sealing. Whether the biological pump or the carbonate pump belongs to the carbon sequestration category of the marine ecological system, the absorption and fixation of carbon depend on the marine biological process, and the carbon sequestration efficiency is relatively low. In order to increase the absorption efficiency of the ocean to atmospheric carbon dioxide, engineering technical means are adopted to intervene on an ocean system, so that a plurality of ocean-related earth environment engineering are induced.|[0004] The chemical sequestration is to convert the CO 2 into stable carbonate through a series of chemical reactions, thereby achieving the goal of long-term sequestration of CO 2. However, the current ocean chemical sealing technology still stays in a theoretical stage, and the technical method, the emission reduction efficiency and the ecological environment caused by the technology are still quite uncertain, especially the chemical sealing technology has high cost and lacks practical operability. The ocean pasture has the main technical points that artificial reefs made of various materials and in various shapes are distributed on the ocean bottom to provide habitat for marine organisms, and the production and distribution costs of the artificial reefs are high, so that the wide application of the artificial reefs is limited.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention provides a marine carbon sequestration method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which can improve the submarine ecological environment while enhancing the marine carbon sequestration, provide a better habitat for fishes and benthos, reduce the cost of artificial fish reef production and arrangement and marine chemical carbon sequestration, and improve the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and the marine chemical carbon sequestration.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which comprises the following steps:|[0007] 1) Constructing an artificial coral forest framework unit, and placing the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit on the sea floor; |[0008] 2) And opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit to release a solid carbon compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere. |[0009] Preferably, the solid carbon compound solution in step 2) is a saturated solution of a soluble calcium compound.|[0010] Preferably, the release rate of the solid carbon compound solution in step 2) is 0.1mL/min.|[0011] Preferably, the artificial coral forest framework unit in the step 1) comprises a base, an artificial coral framework, a drainage tube, a liquid storage bottle support, a liquid storage bottle and a miniature water pump;|[0012] The artificial coral skeleton and the liquid storage bottle support are respectively arranged on the base, the liquid storage bottle is arranged on the liquid storage bottle support, a water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump is connected with a water outlet pipe of the liquid storage bottle, one end of the drainage pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe of the miniature water pump, and the other end of the drainage pipe is fixed at the top end of the artificial coral skeleton. |[0013] Preferably, the base is internally provided with a steel bar grid, the center and four corners of the base are respectively provided with a galvanized pipe, the artificial coral skeleton is inserted into the galvanized pipes at the four corners of the base, and the liquid storage bottle support is inserted into the galvanized pipes at the center of the base.|[0014] Preferably, in the step 1), the artificial coral skeleton is constructed by adopting steel bars, and is of a bent structure, and the height is 25-35 cm.|[0015] Preferably, the upper end of the liquid storage bottle support is in a conical structure, the liquid storage bottle is inversely arranged in the conical structure of the liquid storage bottle support, and an adjustable mechanism is arranged at the contact part of the liquid storage bottle support and the liquid storage bottle.|[0016] Preferably, a plurality of concave rope noses are equidistantly distributed on the edge of the bottom of the liquid storage bottle, a plurality of threaded holes are distributed in the middle of the bottom of the liquid storage bottle, a grid is arranged on the shoulder in the liquid storage bottle, a sealing cover is arranged on the top of the liquid storage bottle, and a water outlet pipe penetrates through the sealing cover to form water-tight connection with a water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump.|[0017] Preferably, the miniature water pump comprises a waterproof shell, a water pump body and a storage battery, wherein screws matched with threaded holes at the bottom of the liquid storage bottle are arranged at the bottom of the waterproof shell.|[0018] Preferably, the miniature water pump is provided with a plurality of water pump water outlets.|[0019] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|[0020] According to the ocean carbon sequestration method based on construction of the multifunctional artificial coral forest, the artificial coral forest is constructed through combination of a chemical method, on one hand, the concentration of CO 32- in seawater is reduced by releasing Ca 2+, and the absorption of the ocean to atmospheric CO 2 is promoted, namely, the ocean carbon sequestration is increased. On the other hand, solid carbon compounds are dripped on the artificial coral reef skeleton from the outlet of the miniature water pump through the drainage tube, ca 2+ and CO 32- are combined to form CaCO 3 precipitate and are attached to the artificial coral skeleton to form the artificial coral. The method provided by the invention can improve the submarine ecological environment while enhancing the ocean carbon sequestration technology, provides a better habitat for fishes and benthos, reduces the cost of artificial fish reef production and arrangement and ocean chemical carbon sequestration, and improves the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and ocean chemical carbon sequestration. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0021] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an artificial coral forest framing unit provided by the present invention;|[0022] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base, reservoir holder and artificial coral skeleton of the artificial coral forest framing unit provided by the invention; |[0023] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid storage bottle; |[0024] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a micro water pump; |[0025] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the carbon sequestration effect of the present invention; |[0026] Wherein, the device comprises a 1-base, a 2-artificial coral skeleton, a 3-drainage tube, a 4-liquid storage bottle bracket, a 5-liquid storage bottle, a 6-micro water pump, a 7-steel bar grid, an 8-adjustable mechanism, a 9-concave rope nose, a 10 threaded hole, a 11-grid, a 12-sealing cover, a 13-water outlet pipe, a 14-waterproof shell, a 15-water pump body 15, a 16-storage battery, a 17 water pump water outlet and 18-screws. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0027] The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0028] The invention provides a marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which comprises the following steps:|[0029] 1) Constructing an artificial coral forest framework unit, and placing the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit on the sea floor; |[0030] 2) And opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit to release a solid carbon compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere. |[0031] The invention constructs the artificial coral forest framework unit and places the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit on the sea floor. In the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the artificial coral forest framework unit preferably comprises a base 1, an artificial coral framework 2, a drainage tube 3, a liquid storage bottle support 4, a liquid storage bottle 5 and a miniature water pump 6, wherein the artificial coral framework 2 and the liquid storage bottle support 4 are respectively arranged on the base 1, the liquid storage bottle 5 is arranged on the liquid storage bottle support 4, a water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump 6 is connected with a water outlet pipe 13 of the liquid storage bottle 5, one end of the drainage tube 3 is connected with a water outlet pipe of the miniature water pump 6, and the other end of the drainage tube 3 is fixed at the top end of the artificial coral framework 2. In the invention, as shown in fig. 2, a steel bar mesh 7 is preferably arranged in the base 1, a galvanized pipe is respectively arranged at the center and four corners of the base 1, the artificial coral skeleton 2 is inserted into the galvanized pipe at the four corners of the base 1, and the liquid storage bottle support 4 is inserted into the galvanized pipe at the center of the base 1. In the invention, the base is provided with the steel bar grid, so that the firmness and the compression resistance of the base can be enhanced. Galvanized pipes are arranged at the four corners and the center of the base, so that stable support can be provided for the installation of subsequent components. In the embodiment of the invention, the base is a cement base, and the dimensions of the base are 50cm long, 50cm wide and 10cm high. The base is internally provided with a steel bar grid during pouring, a 15cm long DN32 (with the outer diameter of 4.23cm, the inner diameter of 3.20cm and the wall thickness of 5.15 mm) galvanized pipe is pre-embedded in the center of the base, and a 15cm long DN20 (with the outer diameter of 2.68cm, the inner diameter of 2.00cm and the wall thickness of 3.40 mm) galvanized pipe is pre-embedded in each of four corner positions.|[0032] In the invention, the artificial coral skeleton 2 is preferably constructed by adopting a reinforced bar, and has a bent structure and a height of 25-35 cm. In the invention, the diameter of the steel bar is preferably 0.5 cm-2 cm. In the present invention, the curved structure refers to a branched and/or layered design, such that the skeleton is in a straight branched, curved branched, V-branched, annular branched or multi-branched structure. In the invention, the artificial coral skeleton 2 is provided with a bending structure, so that the whole skeleton has more space three-dimensional property, is convenient for marine organism adhesion, and improves the adhesion of the artificial coral and the complexity of the growing environment. In the embodiment of the invention, the height of the artificial coral skeleton is 30cm, and the bottom end of the artificial coral skeleton is inserted into an embedded DN20 galvanized pipe.|[0033] In the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the upper end of the liquid storage bottle support 4 is preferably in a conical structure, the liquid storage bottle 5 is inversely installed in the conical structure of the liquid storage bottle support 4, and the contact part of the liquid storage bottle support 4 and the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided with an adjustable mechanism 8. In the invention, the upper end of the liquid storage bottle support 4 is provided with a conical structure to form a triangular support structure, so that the stability can be increased, and the stability in a seawater environment can be ensured. An adjustable mechanism 8 is provided so as to better accommodate different types of fluid reservoirs, providing greater flexibility. The specific structure of the adjustable mechanism 8 is not particularly limited, and a conventional adjusting structure in the art may be adopted. In the embodiment of the invention, the liquid storage bottle support is made of round steel with the diameter of 28mm, the inner diameter of the conical structure is 31cm, and the height of the stand column at the lower end of the conical structure is 30cm.|[0034] In the invention, as shown in fig. 3, the bottom of the liquid storage bottle 5 is preferably provided with a plurality of concave rope noses 9 and threaded holes 10 at equal intervals, the shoulder of the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided with a grid 11, the top of the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided with a sealing cover 12, and a water outlet pipe 13 passes through the sealing cover 12 to form water-tight connection with the water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump 6. In the invention, the sinking rope nose 9 is arranged at the bottom edge of the liquid storage bottle 5, so that the liquid storage bottle 5 is conveniently fixed on the liquid storage bottle bracket 4. The bottom of the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided with a threaded hole 10, thereby being convenient for fixing the miniature water pump 6 and ensuring the stability thereof. The shoulder in the liquid storage bottle is provided with a grid 11 which can be used for filtering particles possibly generated by the solid carbon compound solution and avoiding blocking a water outlet below the grid. In the present invention, the mesh preferably has a pore diameter of 50. Mu.m. In the embodiment of the invention, the liquid storage bottle is a 10L plastic liquid storage bottle, the diameter is 30cm, and the height is 15cm.|[0035] In the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the micro water pump 6 preferably includes a waterproof housing 14, a water pump body 15 and a battery 16, and a screw 18 matching with the threaded hole 10 at the bottom of the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided at the bottom of the waterproof housing 14. The specific material of the waterproof shell is not particularly limited, and pressure-resistant plastic is selected. In the invention, a plurality of water pump water outlets 17 are preferably arranged on the miniature water pump. By providing a plurality of water pump water outlets 17, connection with a plurality of drainage tubes 3 is made possible. In the invention, the power of the miniature water pump can be adjusted according to requirements in order to improve the efficiency and adapt to different environmental conditions.|[0036] In the invention, the inner diameter of the drainage tube 3 is preferably 2-5 mm. The drainage tube 3 is preferably made of polyethylene, and the drainage tube made of polyethylene has strong corrosion resistance and ultraviolet resistance effects, so that the durability is improved.|[0037] In the invention, after the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit is placed on the sea floor, the water outlet pipe of the liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit is opened to release the solid carbon compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote the seawater to absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere. The solid carbon compound reacts with CO 32- in the seawater to generate calcium carbonate and is attached to the artificial coral skeleton to form artificial coral, and meanwhile, the seawater is dissolved to reduce inorganic carbon, so that the seawater can absorb atmospheric CO 2, and the ocean carbon sink is increased. In the present invention, the carbon-fixing compound solution is preferably a saturated solution of a soluble calcium compound, more preferably CaCl 2、CaSO4 and CaO. In the present invention, the release rate of the solid carbon compound solution is 0.1mL/min.|[0038] In the invention, the artificial coral forest skeleton units are preferably placed on the sea bottom at intervals of 0.5-1 m, and the artificial coral forest skeleton units can be arranged in a random manner or in a matrix manner.|[0039] The carbon in the body of marine water is about 50 times that in the atmosphere, and the proportion of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) therein is over 95%, about 24mg/kg. The body of marine water is an important carrier for the absorption of atmospheric CO 2 and is the most closely absorbed form of carbon to atmospheric CO 2, any minor variations of which may affect the content of atmospheric CO 2. The seawater dissolved inorganic carbon exists mainly in the form of bicarbonate (HCO 3-), carbonate (CO 32-) and carbonate (H 2CO3), which are in a dynamic equilibrium. Meanwhile, most of seawater calcium carbonate in the sea area is in a supersaturated state (omega CaCO 3 > 1), if the physicochemical conditions of the seawater are changed, the generation and precipitation of the calcium carbonate are promoted, the balance state of the seawater carbonate system can be broken, and the absorption of the seawater to the atmosphere CO 2 is increased. This is the basic principle for achieving CO 2 marine chemical sequestration. The principle of enhancing the ocean carbon sequestration in the invention is that sea water contains a huge amount of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), and the main existence forms are bicarbonate (HCO 3-), carbonate (CO 32-) and carbonic acid (H 2CO3), and the following dynamic balance exists among the forms:|[0040] |[0041] When Ca 2+ ions are added into seawater, caCO 3 is generated, the concentration of CO 32- in the seawater is reduced, and therefore all the reaction balances of the formulas 1-5 are shifted to the right, and the absorption of the ocean to the atmosphere CO 2 is promoted, namely the carbon sink of the ocean is increased. According to the ocean carbon sequestration method based on construction of the multifunctional artificial coral forest, the artificial coral forest is constructed through combination of a chemical method, on one hand, the concentration of CO 32- in seawater is reduced by releasing Ca 2+, and the absorption of the ocean to atmospheric CO 2 is promoted, namely, the ocean carbon sequestration is increased. On the other hand, solid carbon compounds are dripped on the artificial coral reef skeleton from the outlet of the miniature water pump through the drainage tube, ca 2+ and CO 32- are combined to form CaCO 3 precipitate and are attached to the artificial coral skeleton to form the artificial coral. The ocean carbon sequestration technology is enhanced, the submarine ecological environment can be improved, a good habitat is provided for fishes and benthos, the cost of artificial fish reef production and arrangement and ocean chemical carbon sequestration is reduced, and the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of artificial fish reef and ocean chemical carbon sequestration are improved. |[0042] The solid carbon compound solution is exemplified by calcium chloride solution, and the change in seawater DIC and the formation of calcium carbonate precipitate caused by solutions of different concentrations are shown in fig. 5. For saturated calcium chloride solution, if the seawater temperature is 20 ℃, 10L of saturated calcium chloride solution contains 7.45Kg of calcium chloride, forming 6.72Kg of calcium carbonate precipitate, thereby promoting seawater absorption of 2.95Kg of atmospheric CO 2. When the calcium-containing solution in the liquid storage bottle is consumed, the liquid storage bottle can be lifted out of the sea surface to replace the solution, or the liquid storage bottle filled with the calcium-containing solution can be directly replaced.|[0043] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with examples for further illustrating the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.|[0044] Example 1|[0045] And arranging a plurality of artificial coral Lin Goujia units at intervals of 0.5-1 m on the sea floor to form artificial coral forests, so as to change benthonic ecological environment and form habitat of fishes and benthonic organisms. Wherein, the basic framework unit of the artificial coral forest is composed of a base, an artificial coral framework, a drainage tube, a liquid storage bottle bracket, a liquid storage bottle and a miniature water pump. Wherein the base is of a cement structure, and a reinforcing steel bar grid is arranged inside the base. The artificial coral skeleton is inserted into four corners of the base, and the liquid storage bottle support is inserted into the center of the base. The saturated calcium chloride solution is filled into a 10L liquid storage bottle, the liquid storage bottle is fixed on a liquid storage bottle support, a micro water pump is fixed at the bottom of the liquid storage bottle, the saturated calcium chloride solution is dripped onto an artificial coral reef framework from an outlet of the micro water pump through a drainage tube, ca 2+ and CO 32- are combined to form CaCO 3 precipitate and are attached to the artificial coral framework to form the artificial coral. Simultaneously, the content of DIC in the seawater is reduced, and the absorption of ocean to atmospheric CO 2 is promoted.|[0046] In the implementation process, the content of the seawater DIC is continuously reduced, and the absorption of the ocean to the atmospheric CO 2 is promoted. If the sea water temperature is 20 ℃, 10L of saturated solution of calcium chloride contains 7.45Kg of calcium chloride, forming 6.72Kg of calcium carbonate precipitate, thereby promoting the absorption of 2.95Kg of atmospheric CO 2 by sea water. Meanwhile, the artificial coral forest is formed to provide habitat for fishes, benthos and plankton to form a real marine pasture, so that biomass is increased, marine carbon sink is further increased, and double harvest of economic benefit and ecological benefit is realized.|[0047] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention. | (CN120022734)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon sequestration, and particularly relates to a marine carbon sequestration method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest.|BACKGROUND ART|[0003] Ocean is recognized as one of two major carbon sinks on the earth, the ocean area is wide and accounts for about 71% of the earth's surface area, about one third of carbon dioxide emitted by human activities can be absorbed each year, and carbon absorbed by ocean can be transmitted into deep layers and sediments through a biological pump and a carbonate pump for long-term sealing. Whether the biological pump or the carbonate pump belongs to the carbon sequestration category of the marine ecological system, the absorption and fixation of carbon depend on the marine biological process, and the carbon sequestration efficiency is relatively low. In order to increase the absorption efficiency of the ocean to atmospheric carbon dioxide, engineering technical means are adopted to intervene on an ocean system, so that a plurality of ocean-related earth environment engineering are induced.|[0004] The chemical sequestration is to convert the CO 2 into stable carbonate through a series of chemical reactions, thereby achieving the goal of long-term sequestration of CO 2. However, the current ocean chemical sealing technology still stays in a theoretical stage, and the technical method, the emission reduction efficiency and the ecological environment caused by the technology are still quite uncertain, especially the chemical sealing technology has high cost and lacks practical operability. The ocean pasture has the main technical points that artificial reefs made of various materials and in various shapes are distributed on the ocean bottom to provide habitat for marine organisms, and the production and distribution costs of the artificial reefs are high, so that the wide application of the artificial reefs is limited.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention provides a marine carbon sequestration method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which can improve the submarine ecological environment while enhancing the marine carbon sequestration, provide a better habitat for fishes and benthos, reduce the cost of artificial fish reef production and arrangement and marine chemical carbon sequestration, and improve the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and the marine chemical carbon sequestration.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which comprises the following steps:|[0007] 1) Constructing an artificial coral forest framework unit, and placing the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit on the sea floor; |[0008] 2) And opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit to release a solid carbon compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere. |[0009] Preferably, the solid carbon compound solution in step 2) is a saturated solution of a soluble calcium compound.|[0010] Preferably, the release rate of the solid carbon compound solution in step 2) is 0.1mL/min.|[0011] Preferably, the artificial coral forest framework unit in the step 1) comprises a base, an artificial coral framework, a drainage tube, a liquid storage bottle support, a liquid storage bottle and a miniature water pump;|[0012] The artificial coral skeleton and the liquid storage bottle support are respectively arranged on the base, the liquid storage bottle is arranged on the liquid storage bottle support, a water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump is connected with a water outlet pipe of the liquid storage bottle, one end of the drainage pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe of the miniature water pump, and the other end of the drainage pipe is fixed at the top end of the artificial coral skeleton. |[0013] Preferably, the base is internally provided with a steel bar grid, the center and four corners of the base are respectively provided with a galvanized pipe, the artificial coral skeleton is inserted into the galvanized pipes at the four corners of the base, and the liquid storage bottle support is inserted into the galvanized pipes at the center of the base.|[0014] Preferably, in the step 1), the artificial coral skeleton is constructed by adopting steel bars, and is of a bent structure, and the height is 25-35 cm.|[0015] Preferably, the upper end of the liquid storage bottle support is in a conical structure, the liquid storage bottle is inversely arranged in the conical structure of the liquid storage bottle support, and an adjustable mechanism is arranged at the contact part of the liquid storage bottle support and the liquid storage bottle.|[0016] Preferably, a plurality of concave rope noses are equidistantly distributed on the edge of the bottom of the liquid storage bottle, a plurality of threaded holes are distributed in the middle of the bottom of the liquid storage bottle, a grid is arranged on the shoulder in the liquid storage bottle, a sealing cover is arranged on the top of the liquid storage bottle, and a water outlet pipe penetrates through the sealing cover to form water-tight connection with a water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump.|[0017] Preferably, the miniature water pump comprises a waterproof shell, a water pump body and a storage battery, wherein screws matched with threaded holes at the bottom of the liquid storage bottle are arranged at the bottom of the waterproof shell.|[0018] Preferably, the miniature water pump is provided with a plurality of water pump water outlets.|[0019] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:|[0020] According to the ocean carbon sequestration method based on construction of the multifunctional artificial coral forest, the artificial coral forest is constructed through combination of a chemical method, on one hand, the concentration of CO 32- in seawater is reduced by releasing Ca 2+, and the absorption of the ocean to atmospheric CO 2 is promoted, namely, the ocean carbon sequestration is increased. On the other hand, solid carbon compounds are dripped on the artificial coral reef skeleton from the outlet of the miniature water pump through the drainage tube, ca 2+ and CO 32- are combined to form CaCO 3 precipitate and are attached to the artificial coral skeleton to form the artificial coral. The method provided by the invention can improve the submarine ecological environment while enhancing the ocean carbon sequestration technology, provides a better habitat for fishes and benthos, reduces the cost of artificial fish reef production and arrangement and ocean chemical carbon sequestration, and improves the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and ocean chemical carbon sequestration. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0021] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an artificial coral forest framing unit provided by the present invention;|[0022] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base, reservoir holder and artificial coral skeleton of the artificial coral forest framing unit provided by the invention; |[0023] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid storage bottle; |[0024] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a micro water pump; |[0025] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the carbon sequestration effect of the present invention; |[0026] Wherein, the device comprises a 1-base, a 2-artificial coral skeleton, a 3-drainage tube, a 4-liquid storage bottle bracket, a 5-liquid storage bottle, a 6-micro water pump, a 7-steel bar grid, an 8-adjustable mechanism, a 9-concave rope nose, a 10 threaded hole, a 11-grid, a 12-sealing cover, a 13-water outlet pipe, a 14-waterproof shell, a 15-water pump body 15, a 16-storage battery, a 17 water pump water outlet and 18-screws. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0027] The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0028] The invention provides a marine carbon sink-increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, which comprises the following steps:|[0029] 1) Constructing an artificial coral forest framework unit, and placing the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit on the sea floor; |[0030] 2) And opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit to release a solid carbon compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere. |[0031] The invention constructs the artificial coral forest framework unit and places the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit on the sea floor. In the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the artificial coral forest framework unit preferably comprises a base 1, an artificial coral framework 2, a drainage tube 3, a liquid storage bottle support 4, a liquid storage bottle 5 and a miniature water pump 6, wherein the artificial coral framework 2 and the liquid storage bottle support 4 are respectively arranged on the base 1, the liquid storage bottle 5 is arranged on the liquid storage bottle support 4, a water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump 6 is connected with a water outlet pipe 13 of the liquid storage bottle 5, one end of the drainage tube 3 is connected with a water outlet pipe of the miniature water pump 6, and the other end of the drainage tube 3 is fixed at the top end of the artificial coral framework 2. In the invention, as shown in fig. 2, a steel bar mesh 7 is preferably arranged in the base 1, a galvanized pipe is respectively arranged at the center and four corners of the base 1, the artificial coral skeleton 2 is inserted into the galvanized pipe at the four corners of the base 1, and the liquid storage bottle support 4 is inserted into the galvanized pipe at the center of the base 1. In the invention, the base is provided with the steel bar grid, so that the firmness and the compression resistance of the base can be enhanced. Galvanized pipes are arranged at the four corners and the center of the base, so that stable support can be provided for the installation of subsequent components. In the embodiment of the invention, the base is a cement base, and the dimensions of the base are 50cm long, 50cm wide and 10cm high. The base is internally provided with a steel bar grid during pouring, a 15cm long DN32 (with the outer diameter of 4.23cm, the inner diameter of 3.20cm and the wall thickness of 5.15 mm) galvanized pipe is pre-embedded in the center of the base, and a 15cm long DN20 (with the outer diameter of 2.68cm, the inner diameter of 2.00cm and the wall thickness of 3.40 mm) galvanized pipe is pre-embedded in each of four corner positions.|[0032] In the invention, the artificial coral skeleton 2 is preferably constructed by adopting a reinforced bar, and has a bent structure and a height of 25-35 cm. In the invention, the diameter of the steel bar is preferably 0.5 cm-2 cm. In the present invention, the curved structure refers to a branched and/or layered design, such that the skeleton is in a straight branched, curved branched, V-branched, annular branched or multi-branched structure. In the invention, the artificial coral skeleton 2 is provided with a bending structure, so that the whole skeleton has more space three-dimensional property, is convenient for marine organism adhesion, and improves the adhesion of the artificial coral and the complexity of the growing environment. In the embodiment of the invention, the height of the artificial coral skeleton is 30cm, and the bottom end of the artificial coral skeleton is inserted into an embedded DN20 galvanized pipe.|[0033] In the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the upper end of the liquid storage bottle support 4 is preferably in a conical structure, the liquid storage bottle 5 is inversely installed in the conical structure of the liquid storage bottle support 4, and the contact part of the liquid storage bottle support 4 and the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided with an adjustable mechanism 8. In the invention, the upper end of the liquid storage bottle support 4 is provided with a conical structure to form a triangular support structure, so that the stability can be increased, and the stability in a seawater environment can be ensured. An adjustable mechanism 8 is provided so as to better accommodate different types of fluid reservoirs, providing greater flexibility. The specific structure of the adjustable mechanism 8 is not particularly limited, and a conventional adjusting structure in the art may be adopted. In the embodiment of the invention, the liquid storage bottle support is made of round steel with the diameter of 28mm, the inner diameter of the conical structure is 31cm, and the height of the stand column at the lower end of the conical structure is 30cm.|[0034] In the invention, as shown in fig. 3, the bottom of the liquid storage bottle 5 is preferably provided with a plurality of concave rope noses 9 and threaded holes 10 at equal intervals, the shoulder of the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided with a grid 11, the top of the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided with a sealing cover 12, and a water outlet pipe 13 passes through the sealing cover 12 to form water-tight connection with the water inlet pipe of the miniature water pump 6. In the invention, the sinking rope nose 9 is arranged at the bottom edge of the liquid storage bottle 5, so that the liquid storage bottle 5 is conveniently fixed on the liquid storage bottle bracket 4. The bottom of the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided with a threaded hole 10, thereby being convenient for fixing the miniature water pump 6 and ensuring the stability thereof. The shoulder in the liquid storage bottle is provided with a grid 11 which can be used for filtering particles possibly generated by the solid carbon compound solution and avoiding blocking a water outlet below the grid. In the present invention, the mesh preferably has a pore diameter of 50. Mu.m. In the embodiment of the invention, the liquid storage bottle is a 10L plastic liquid storage bottle, the diameter is 30cm, and the height is 15cm.|[0035] In the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the micro water pump 6 preferably includes a waterproof housing 14, a water pump body 15 and a battery 16, and a screw 18 matching with the threaded hole 10 at the bottom of the liquid storage bottle 5 is provided at the bottom of the waterproof housing 14. The specific material of the waterproof shell is not particularly limited, and pressure-resistant plastic is selected. In the invention, a plurality of water pump water outlets 17 are preferably arranged on the miniature water pump. By providing a plurality of water pump water outlets 17, connection with a plurality of drainage tubes 3 is made possible. In the invention, the power of the miniature water pump can be adjusted according to requirements in order to improve the efficiency and adapt to different environmental conditions.|[0036] In the invention, the inner diameter of the drainage tube 3 is preferably 2-5 mm. The drainage tube 3 is preferably made of polyethylene, and the drainage tube made of polyethylene has strong corrosion resistance and ultraviolet resistance effects, so that the durability is improved.|[0037] In the invention, after the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit is placed on the sea floor, the water outlet pipe of the liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit is opened to release the solid carbon compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote the seawater to absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere. The solid carbon compound reacts with CO 32- in the seawater to generate calcium carbonate and is attached to the artificial coral skeleton to form artificial coral, and meanwhile, the seawater is dissolved to reduce inorganic carbon, so that the seawater can absorb atmospheric CO 2, and the ocean carbon sink is increased. In the present invention, the carbon-fixing compound solution is preferably a saturated solution of a soluble calcium compound, more preferably CaCl 2、CaSO4 and CaO. In the present invention, the release rate of the solid carbon compound solution is 0.1mL/min.|[0038] In the invention, the artificial coral forest skeleton units are preferably placed on the sea bottom at intervals of 0.5-1 m, and the artificial coral forest skeleton units can be arranged in a random manner or in a matrix manner.|[0039] The carbon in the body of marine water is about 50 times that in the atmosphere, and the proportion of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) therein is over 95%, about 24mg/kg. The body of marine water is an important carrier for the absorption of atmospheric CO 2 and is the most closely absorbed form of carbon to atmospheric CO 2, any minor variations of which may affect the content of atmospheric CO 2. The seawater dissolved inorganic carbon exists mainly in the form of bicarbonate (HCO 3-), carbonate (CO 32-) and carbonate (H 2CO3), which are in a dynamic equilibrium. Meanwhile, most of seawater calcium carbonate in the sea area is in a supersaturated state (omega CaCO 3 > 1), if the physicochemical conditions of the seawater are changed, the generation and precipitation of the calcium carbonate are promoted, the balance state of the seawater carbonate system can be broken, and the absorption of the seawater to the atmosphere CO 2 is increased. This is the basic principle for achieving CO 2 marine chemical sequestration. The principle of enhancing the ocean carbon sequestration in the invention is that sea water contains a huge amount of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), and the main existence forms are bicarbonate (HCO 3-), carbonate (CO 32-) and carbonic acid (H 2CO3), and the following dynamic balance exists among the forms:|[0040] |[0041] When Ca 2+ ions are added into seawater, caCO 3 is generated, the concentration of CO 32- in the seawater is reduced, and therefore all the reaction balances of the formulas 1-5 are shifted to the right, and the absorption of the ocean to the atmosphere CO 2 is promoted, namely the carbon sink of the ocean is increased. According to the ocean carbon sequestration method based on construction of the multifunctional artificial coral forest, the artificial coral forest is constructed through combination of a chemical method, on one hand, the concentration of CO 32- in seawater is reduced by releasing Ca 2+, and the absorption of the ocean to atmospheric CO 2 is promoted, namely, the ocean carbon sequestration is increased. On the other hand, solid carbon compounds are dripped on the artificial coral reef skeleton from the outlet of the miniature water pump through the drainage tube, ca 2+ and CO 32- are combined to form CaCO 3 precipitate and are attached to the artificial coral skeleton to form the artificial coral. The ocean carbon sequestration technology is enhanced, the submarine ecological environment can be improved, a good habitat is provided for fishes and benthos, the cost of artificial fish reef production and arrangement and ocean chemical carbon sequestration is reduced, and the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of artificial fish reef and ocean chemical carbon sequestration are improved. |[0042] The solid carbon compound solution is exemplified by calcium chloride solution, and the change in seawater DIC and the formation of calcium carbonate precipitate caused by solutions of different concentrations are shown in fig. 5. For saturated calcium chloride solution, if the seawater temperature is 20 ℃, 10L of saturated calcium chloride solution contains 7.45Kg of calcium chloride, forming 6.72Kg of calcium carbonate precipitate, thereby promoting seawater absorption of 2.95Kg of atmospheric CO 2. When the calcium-containing solution in the liquid storage bottle is consumed, the liquid storage bottle can be lifted out of the sea surface to replace the solution, or the liquid storage bottle filled with the calcium-containing solution can be directly replaced.|[0043] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with examples for further illustrating the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.|[0044] Example 1|[0045] And arranging a plurality of artificial coral Lin Goujia units at intervals of 0.5-1 m on the sea floor to form artificial coral forests, so as to change benthonic ecological environment and form habitat of fishes and benthonic organisms. Wherein, the basic framework unit of the artificial coral forest is composed of a base, an artificial coral framework, a drainage tube, a liquid storage bottle bracket, a liquid storage bottle and a miniature water pump. Wherein the base is of a cement structure, and a reinforcing steel bar grid is arranged inside the base. The artificial coral skeleton is inserted into four corners of the base, and the liquid storage bottle support is inserted into the center of the base. The saturated calcium chloride solution is filled into a 10L liquid storage bottle, the liquid storage bottle is fixed on a liquid storage bottle support, a micro water pump is fixed at the bottom of the liquid storage bottle, the saturated calcium chloride solution is dripped onto an artificial coral reef framework from an outlet of the micro water pump through a drainage tube, ca 2+ and CO 32- are combined to form CaCO 3 precipitate and are attached to the artificial coral framework to form the artificial coral. Simultaneously, the content of DIC in the seawater is reduced, and the absorption of ocean to atmospheric CO 2 is promoted.|[0046] In the implementation process, the content of the seawater DIC is continuously reduced, and the absorption of the ocean to the atmospheric CO 2 is promoted. If the sea water temperature is 20 ℃, 10L of saturated solution of calcium chloride contains 7.45Kg of calcium chloride, forming 6.72Kg of calcium carbonate precipitate, thereby promoting the absorption of 2.95Kg of atmospheric CO 2 by sea water. Meanwhile, the artificial coral forest is formed to provide habitat for fishes, benthos and plankton to form a real marine pasture, so that biomass is increased, marine carbon sink is further increased, and double harvest of economic benefit and ecological benefit is realized.|[0047] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(114655307)|114655307|Abstract|(CN120022734 A)|The invention provides an ocean carbon sink increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest , and belongs to the technical field of carbon sink increasing . The ocean carbon sink increasing method comprises the following steps that ( 1 ) an artificial coral forest framework unit is constructed , and the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit is placed on the seabed ; and 2 ) opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit so as to release a carbon sequestration compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO2 in the atmosphere . According to the method provided by the invention , ocean carbon sink increase is enhanced , meanwhile , the seabed ecological environment can be improved , a good habitat is provided for fishes and benthic organisms , the cost of artificial fish reef production and laying and ocean chemical carbon sequestration is reduced , and the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and ocean chemical carbon sequestration are improved . |Title|(CN120022734 A)|Ocean carbon sink increasing method based on construction of multifunctional artificial coral forest | | Environmental technology|Other special machines | A01K-061/73|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-2251/404|B01D-2257/504|Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/73|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-2251/404|B01D-2257/504|Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/73|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78 | A01K-061/73|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78 | PENDING | (CN120022734)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN120022734)|ALIVE | (CN120022734)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN120022734|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-02-18|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-02-18|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202510177217|Application date=2025-02-18|Standardized application number=2025CN-0177217|Event publication date=2025-05-23|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN120022734|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-05-23|Standardized publication number=CN120022734|Event publication date=2025-05-23|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-06-10|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN120022734)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKeuajCxIV4xa1fn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077604723&ekey=2053&xpn=CN120022734&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=skUb%252F3HCzOzHvs%252BfYdAW2ZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN120022734)|CN | (CN120022734)|NAME=INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN | (CN120022734)|NAME=ZHAO XUECONG;QINGDAO LAWSCI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CO., LTD. , REG=37256 | (CN120022734)|NAME=LI XUEGANG|NAME=SONG JINMING|NAME=LIU SHANSHAN|NAME=MA JUN|NAME=YUAN HUAMAO|NAME=DUAN LIQIN | Titre: (CN120022734)|Ocean carbon sink increasing method based on construction of multifunctional artificial coral forest Résumé: (CN120022734)|The invention provides an ocean carbon sink increasing method based on construction of a multifunctional artificial coral forest, and belongs to the technical field of carbon sink increasing. The ocean carbon sink increasing method comprises the following steps that (1) an artificial coral forest framework unit is constructed, and the constructed artificial coral forest framework unit is placed on the seabed; and 2) opening a water outlet pipe of a liquid storage bottle in the artificial coral forest framework unit so as to release a carbon sequestration compound solution in the liquid storage bottle to promote seawater to absorb CO2 in the atmosphere. According to the method provided by the invention, ocean carbon sink increase is enhanced, meanwhile, the seabed ecological environment can be improved, a good habitat is provided for fishes and benthic organisms, the cost of artificial fish reef production and laying and ocean chemical carbon sequestration is reduced, and the comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the artificial fish reef and ocean chemical carbon sequestration are improved. | 35.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The method focuses on constructing artificial coral forests and using carbon sequestration compounds, without directly addressing iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth for CO₂ uptake. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN120022734)|1 | (CN120022734)|9 | (CN120022734)|10 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN120022734)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN120022734)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-05-23|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-2102|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10| | (CN120022734)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN120022734)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 47 | US09/304,063 | US09/304,063 | US6056919 | 43123675 | US6056919 A 2000-05-02 [US6056919] | 1999-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | 2000-05-02 | (US6056919)|2000-05-02 | (US6056919)|2012-05-28 | (US6056919)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide | (US6056919)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprises testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises an iron chelate, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably includes applying a fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate. | GREENSEA VENTURE | (US6056919)|MARKELS, JR. MICHAEL | MARKELS JR MICHAEL | (US6056919)|Markels, Jr. Michael | (US6056919)|Bacon & Thomas, PLLC | (US6056919)|The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide.|Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits.|It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large.|This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest.| | (US6056919)|1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to indentify said first missing nutrient, and (2) applying to said area a first fertilizer which comprises said first missing nutrient, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said first missing nutrient whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered, (3) limiting zooplankton and fish growth in said area by applying said first fertilizer in pulses; and (4) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area.|15. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps: applying a first fertilizer to an area of the surface of a deep open ocean; and limiting zooplankton and fish growth in said area by applying said first fertilizer in pulses.| | (US6056919)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprises testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises an iron chelate, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably includes applying a fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.| | (US6056919)|METHANEDIONE(100,44)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(100,5)|MISSING NUTRIENT(99,10)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(91,3)|FERTILIZER(66,33)|POLITICAL UNREST(59,1)|LIMITING ZOOPLANKTON(53,2)|FISH GROWTH(45,3)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(40,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(35,3)|NUTRIENT(31,15)|FERTILIZER REMAINS(29,2)|PHOTIC ZONE(25,12)|SEA(23,16)|FERTILIZATION(22,16)|SEQUESTRATION(20,2)|IRON CHELATE(19,6)|THERMOCLINE(17,6)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(17,1)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(14,3)|SUNLIGHT(13,5)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(12,3)|CO2(11,3)|LIFE SPAN(11,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(11,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(10,2)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(10,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(10,1)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(8,1)|OPEN OCEAN(7,4)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(7,2)|BARREN DESERT(7,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(7,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(7,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(7,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(7,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(7,1)|OPTICAL MEDIUM(6,3)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(6,2)|METHANEDIONE SINK(6,1)|ANOXIC CONDITION(5,2)|NATURAL SINK(5,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(5,2)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(5,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(5,1)|FISH BLOOM(5,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(5,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(5,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(5,1)|RIO TREATY(5,1)|SHALLOW BAY(5,1)|VERDANT ZONE(5,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(4,7)|BIOMASS(4,3)|REPORTING(4,3)|ZOOPLANKTON(4,2)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(4,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(4,1)|MILKY GREEN(4,1)|POWER SOURCE(4,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(4,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(4,1)|SEA FLOOR(4,1)|DEEP OCEAN(3,3)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(3,2)|EXPERIMENT(3,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(3,2)|MICROORGANISM(3,2)|TREE(3,2)|WEATHER(3,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(3,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(3,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(3,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(3,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(3,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(3,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(3,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(3,1)|NUTRIENT OVER TIME(3,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(3,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(3,1)|CORAL REEF(2,1)|COST ESTIMATION(2,1)|DEBIT(2,1)|ENOUGH LAND(2,1)|FERTILIZATION PULSE LENGTH(2,1)|FORTY FIVE DAY(2,1)|INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD(2,1)|INFANCY(2,1)| | (US6056919)|I claim:|1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to indentify said first missing nutrient, and| (2) applying to said area a first fertilizer which comprises said first missing nutrient, to fertilize said area with an appropriate amount of said first missing nutrient whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered,| (3) limiting zooplankton and fish growth in said area by applying said first fertilizer in pulses; and| (4) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area.|2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and said chelate comprises lignin acid sulfonate.|3. The method of claim 1, wherein said testing further comprises testing said area in order to confirm that at least a second nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said second missing nutrient, and further comprising the applying of a second fertilizer which comprises said second missing nutrient in a form that does not precipitate to any substantial extent, and said second fertilizer does not comprise iron.|4. The method of claim 1, wherein substantially all of said first fertilizer remains in the photic zone and available to the phytoplankton in said ocean.|5. The method of claim 1, wherein said testing further comprises a determination that in said area the depth of the thermocline is less than the depth of the photic zone.|6. The method of claim 1, wherein said testing further comprises testing said area to determine the depth of said open ocean, and wherein said depth is in excess of about 5,000 feet.|7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the following step:| (5) reporting the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area.|8. The method of claim 7, wherein said testing further comprises testing said area in order to confirm that at least a second nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said second missing nutrient, and further comprising the applying of a second fertilizer which comprises said second missing nutrient in a form that does not precipitate to any substantial extent, and said second fertilizer does not comprise iron.|9. The method of claim 7, wherein said testing further comprises testing said area to determine the depth of said open ocean, and wherein said depth is in excess of about 5,000 feet.|10. The method of claim 7, wherein substantially all of said first fertilizer remains in the photic zone and available to the phytoplankton in said ocean.|11. The method of claim 7, wherein said testing further comprises a determination that in said area the depth of the thermocline is less than the depth of the photic zone.|12. The method of claim 7, wherein said reporting further comprises delivering a report of the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide, wherein said report is fixed in a tangible form selected from printing on a substrate, or data stored in magnetic or optical media.|13. The method of claim 7, wherein said pulses in said area are separated by a time period in excess of about thirty days.|14. The method of claim 13, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate, and wherein said chelate comprises lignin acid sulfonate.|15. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep open ocean comprising the following steps:| applying a first fertilizer to an area of the surface of a deep open ocean; and| limiting zooplankton and fish growth in said area by applying said first fertilizer in pulses.|16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of providing a statement of the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered.|17. The method of claim 16, wherein said report is fixed in a tangible form selected from printing on a substrate, or data stored in magnetic or optical media.|18. The method of claim 16, further comprising a statement that describes an area of the surface of said ocean, where said method was carried out.|19. The method of claim 15, wherein said pulses in said area are separated by a time period in excess of about thirty days. | (US6056919)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|The field of the invention is controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This may have a significant effect on global climate change, including global warming.|The carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has been increasing. This is based on measurements over the last 40 years or more. There is concern that this increase may result in global climate change, which over time may have an adverse effect on weather, sea level and human survival.|This concern has lead to the 1992 Rio Treaty and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. These call for significant decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels by the industrial world. If these reductions are put into effect, then serious adverse consequences are expected. The economy of the industrialized world could be significantly, adversely affected. This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest. Moreover, this would not be a solution because it does not permit or require a reversal of the currently increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere both by the burning of fossil fuels, and by the recycling of plant materials. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by the photosynthesis of plants on land and in the oceans. This removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere may be referred to as a carbon dioxide sink. It is the net flow (releases minus sinks) that has caused the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide level which is of present concern. Without human intervention, the net flow of carbon dioxide in and from the atmosphere is roughly zero, with the sources and sinks are in rough balance. When fossil fuels are burned, only about 60 percent of the released carbon dioxide is subsequently taken out of the atmosphere by natural sinks. The remaining about 40 percent increases the carbon dioxide level of the atmosphere, leading to concern over climate changes.|The net carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere can be reduced, but not eliminated, by increasing the efficiency of power-producing equipment and by harnessing wind and solar power. Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits. We have been increasing the efficiency of heat engines for over 200 years, and may be approaching the limits of basic thermodynamics. It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large. Moreover, these approaches can only reduce the increase in carbon dioxide concentration, never eliminate the increase. Therefore, these approaches cannot adequately address the concern over the increasing carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere.|The technology of carbon dioxide sink enhancement is in its infancy. The sequestering of carbon dioxide in geological formations is both beneficial and inexpensive, if the carbon dioxide is relatively concentrated. An example of relatively concentrated carbon dioxide is the off-gas after removal of methane from natural gas containing carbon dioxide. However, there is relatively little carbon dioxide available in such concentrated form. Most carbon dioxide is available in concentrations of from about 10 percent to about 25 percent in exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil fuels. It is quite expensive to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide from about 10 or 25 percent to about 100 percent. The preferable course of action appears to be the use of sunlight and plants to do the concentrating, and subsequently to sequester the resulting plant material in some manner.|One approach would be to plant trees. However, there is not enough land to plant sufficient trees to zero out the net carbon dioxide production. Even if there were enough land, we would have to find a place to store the resulting wood after about 50 to about 100 years, such that the wood would not rot and release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Thus, this approach would not sequester carbon dioxide for a relatively long period of time.|The best place to enhance plant growth is in the oceans. Ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is a barren desert with almost no plant life. About sixty percent of the plant life (phytoplankton) in the oceans of the world arises from about only two percent of the surface of the oceans.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: testing an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability; fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide; and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The method may include the additional step of reporting the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. An area of the surface of an ocean is suitable if both at least one nutrient is missing to a significant extent, and the water is deep. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the metabolism of carbon dioxide is reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. An appropriate amount of a missing nutrient is an amount to raise the concentration of the nutrient at the ocean surface so that the metabolism of carbon dioxide is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of the nutrient. The depth of the water is preferable at least about 5,000 feet (about 1524 meters), more preferably at least about 10,000 feet (about 3048 meters), and most preferably at least about 15,000 feet (about 4572 meters). The fertilizing creates a new verdant zone, preferably in the ocean surface above very deep water. The testing and reporting may be carried out by any of a number of methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The reporting may be carried out in a number of forms. Conventional forms would include printing the report on paper or another substrate, or storing the report in magnetic media or optical media. The report may be in a form required by our governmental authority. Such governmental authority may monitor the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere by a particular person or company. The amount of carbon dioxide released may be a debit on the balance sheet of such person or company. The governmental authority may allow credits on such balance sheet for the amount of carbon dioxide stated in such report as being sequestered.|(US6056919)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|Sequestration of carbon dioxide by fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of an open ocean has a number of benefits. Substantial amounts of carbon dioxide may be sequestered for substantial periods of time. The present invention may sequester all of the net carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels because about 53 percent of the carbon taken out of the ocean (and from the atmosphere) by the process of the present invention is expected to be sequestered in the deep ocean for about 1,000 to about 2,000 years, as has been measured in the deep, tropical Pacific Ocean. The present invention should not be carried out in a shallow bay or lake because this could produce anoxic conditions.|The barren ocean may be made verdant by adding the missing nutrients to the ocean surface. This occurs naturally in the upwelling off of Peru where nutrient-rich bottom water comes to the surface and the phytoplankton bloom.|Whether an area of the surface of an ocean is suitable for sequestering carbon dioxide depends on a number of factors. The depth of the ocean should be sufficient to prevent the significant development of anoxic conditions after fertilization. The depth of the thermocline is preferably less than the depth of the photic zone, such that the thermocline prevents the fertilizer from reaching a depth below the photic zone. The photic zone extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of from about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters), generally speaking. The photic zone may best be described functionally. It extends from the surface to a depth where sunlight no longer causes an appreciable amount of photosynthesis. However, if the depth of the thermocline is greater than the depth of the photic zone, then the fertilizer may comprise a float material to prevent the fertilizer from sinking to a depth below the photic zone. The amount and nature of the fertilizer depends on the nutrients that are missing from the surface of the ocean. Preferably, iron is the only nutrient that is missing to a significant extent from the area of the ocean to be fertilized. This allows fertilization with a fertilizer that comprises only iron salts, and preferably iron chelates that prevent the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. However, other nutrients may be missing from the surface of the ocean. If nitrogen is missing to a significant extent, then the fertilizer may comprise at least one nutrient which causes a bloom of at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen. The microorganism may be from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton. The surface of the ocean may also be missing phosphate and trace minerals, which may be incorporated into the fertilizer system. If the surface of the ocean is missing both iron and an additional nutrient, then the preferred method may include the separate application of a plurality of fertilizers. The first fertilizer preferably includes iron, and more preferably an iron chelate. The other missing nutrients may be applied in a second fertilizer, or in a plurality of additional fertilizers. It is preferred that each fertilizer release the corresponding nutrient in a form that does not react with any iron chelates in the first fertilizer and that does not precipitate to any substantial extent.|The amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out a fertilization according to the present invention depends upon a number of factors. The composition, amount and rate of distribution of the fertilizer are all factors. The nutrient content of the water of the ocean is also a factor, not only at the location of the application of the fertilizer, but also all locations to which the fertilized water is subsequently carried by any currents. The temperature and amount of sunlight are factors. The nature and number of the organisms in the water that metabolize the fertilizer or that eat the plant materials produced, are also factors.|The primary missing nutrient is iron in much of the surface of the oceans. In an experiment, iron salts were added to a portion of the surface of the barren tropical Pacific ocean. A bloom of phytoplankton resulted. This plant bloom turned the ocean from deep blue to milky green and drew down the carbon dioxide concentration in the fertilized water. The phytoplankton increased about 27 times versus background in about nine days, as a result of fertilization with iron salts during the first, fourth and eighth days (days zero, three and seven of the experiment). This plant bloom occurred in spite of the relatively low efficiency of the fertilizer that was used (about 95 percent of the iron precipitated out of the photic zone shortly after application).|A test has been carried out to evaluate the application of fertilizers that comprise both iron and phosphate. The initial fertilization produced a bloom of phytoplankton of about 4.5 to 7 times the initial concentration of such phytoplankton, in just over one day. Adverse weather and ocean conditions after the first day precluded further effective measurements.|A second test has been carried out to evaluate the application of an iron fertilizer. Iron-containing pellets were dispersed over a nine square mile patch of open ocean. This resulted in an increase of phytoplankton concentration of about five times the background concentration of phytoplankton. The maximum bloom appeared to be about 600 pounds of phytoplankton per pound of fertilizer, by extrapolating over the increasing size of the patch at nearly constant phytoplankton concentration.|The measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out the fertilization of the present invention may require that some estimates be made. Dissolved inorganic carbon may be removed from the water at the surface of the ocean by three mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; (2) some will be dispersed by currents; and (3) some will be degassed to the atmosphere over the ocean. Numerous organisms may metabolize each nutrient including inorganic nitrogen that is available at the surface of the ocean. These organisms may be removed from that area of the surface of the ocean by two mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; and (2) some are dispersed by the current or swimming. None are removed to the air over the ocean. As these phytoplankton organisms metabolize each fertilizer, they usually uptake both carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Estimates may be made of the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean by assuming that the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean is proportional to the amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean. The amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean can be measured from the draw down of inorganic nitrates and the carbon-nitrogen ratios in the organic materials formed. As the particles of organic carbon sink below the main thermocline, this organic carbon is effectively sequestered in the deep ocean for periods of time approaching the time scale of organic turnover which is from about 100 to about 10,000 years.|The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. Preliminary calculations indicate that for each year, for each square mile of deep tropical ocean fertilized, about 17,000 tons of carbon dioxide containing about 4,600 tons of carbon may be converted to biomass and sequestered to the ocean floor. After a substantial period of time such as over the next 1,000 years, most of this carbon is expected to be oxidized to carbon dioxide and returned to the surface of the ocean in the form of super-saturated ocean upwellings but a part will remain in the deep ocean in the form of calcium carbonate and other carbonaceous materials. Therefore, the present invention may sequester the 40 percent of the carbon dioxide that the U.S. produces by burning fossil fuels each year and that is not taken out by natural sinks, if this continuous fertilization is carried out over 140,000 square miles of deep barren ocean surface. The estimated current cost is about $5 per ton of carbon sequestered, when one considers that about 1,000 tons of carbon will be sequestered per ton of fertilizer spread over the surface of the deep barren ocean. This estimated cost is much lower than the estimated cost of alternative approaches primarily because of the use of sunlight to concentrate the carbon dioxide from the ocean surface and the atmosphere into the form of biomass which is then sequestered naturally over long periods of time.|There are additional consequences of carrying out the method of the present invention. About half the biomass that is created by fertilization according to the present invention will be recycled through zooplankton, fish and marine mammals. If there is continuous fertilization according to the present invention of about 140,000 square miles of deep barren ocean, then it is estimated that an additional 70 million tons of catchable fish per year would be produced, or about two-thirds of the current world fish production. This is based on an estimate of 500 tons of catchable fish per square mile per year under continuous fertilization. These estimates may be subject to revision because there are many variables as one moves up the food chain from the phytoplankton. These variables are not particularly well understood or easy to control. However, it is known that where this fertilization occurs naturally, such as off of Peru, the ocean is able to take advantage of the available food and produce a bloom of fish. The amount of catchable fish per year per square mile of barren ocean that is fertilized, may be increased by seeding the ocean with filter-feeder fish. The introduction of these fish will increase the fraction of biological carbon that is recycled to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, and will decrease the fraction that is sequestered to the ocean depths. Therefore, carbon dioxide sequestration is preferably carried out with fertilization pulses of less than thirty days in a particular area, to limit the zooplankton and fish growth. The use of fertilization pulses can increase sequestration of carbon dioxide from as little as ten percent of organic carbon formed to as much as eighty percent organic carbon formed. The length of such a fertilization pulse is more preferably less than about twenty days in a particular area. The time period between fertilization pulses in a particular area is preferably in excess of about thirty days, and more preferably in excess of about forty-five days.|The environmental effects of carrying out the method of the present invention are expected to be benign, because the same fertilization has been going on naturally in upwellings for millions of years. The main effect of carrying out the method of the present invention is expected to be substantial increases in the food supplies of, and therefore the population of fish, porpoises and whales in the newly created verdant ecosystems. Preferably, the fertilization according to the present invention will not take place near living coral reefs or in shallow water, so as to avoid any adverse effect thereon. In any event, the environmental effects at the ocean surface of carrying out the present invention will be short term, vanishing within about one month from the cessation of fertilization. If at some time in the future it is decided to carry out such fertilization on a large scale as part of a method of ocean farming, then the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere may indeed be significantly reduced and, therefore, the possible environmental effects of such large scale ocean farming should be carefully monitored as large scale ocean farming is implemented.|The ocean fertilization of about 140,000 square miles (about 370,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 2 billion tons (about 1.8 billion metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 700,000 tons (about 644,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer and would sequester the net annual carbon dioxide production of the United States from burning fossil fuels. This is about 2,000 tons (about 1,800 metric tons) per day for 350 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $5000 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $3.5 billion per year. This cost includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of sequestration, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on a number of factors.|Methods of increasing seafood production in the ocean are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,173 and 5,535,701, and pending application Ser. No. 08/950,418, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | (US6056919)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|The field of the invention is controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This may have a significant effect on global climate change, including global warming.|The carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has been increasing. This is based on measurements over the last 40 years or more. There is concern that this increase may result in global climate change, which over time may have an adverse effect on weather, sea level and human survival.|This concern has lead to the 1992 Rio Treaty and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. These call for significant decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels by the industrial world. If these reductions are put into effect, then serious adverse consequences are expected. The economy of the industrialized world could be significantly, adversely affected. This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest. Moreover, this would not be a solution because it does not permit or require a reversal of the currently increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere both by the burning of fossil fuels, and by the recycling of plant materials. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by the photosynthesis of plants on land and in the oceans. This removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere may be referred to as a carbon dioxide sink. It is the net flow (releases minus sinks) that has caused the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide level which is of present concern. Without human intervention, the net flow of carbon dioxide in and from the atmosphere is roughly zero, with the sources and sinks are in rough balance. When fossil fuels are burned, only about 60 percent of the released carbon dioxide is subsequently taken out of the atmosphere by natural sinks. The remaining about 40 percent increases the carbon dioxide level of the atmosphere, leading to concern over climate changes.|The net carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere can be reduced, but not eliminated, by increasing the efficiency of power-producing equipment and by harnessing wind and solar power. Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits. We have been increasing the efficiency of heat engines for over 200 years, and may be approaching the limits of basic thermodynamics. It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large. Moreover, these approaches can only reduce the increase in carbon dioxide concentration, never eliminate the increase. Therefore, these approaches cannot adequately address the concern over the increasing carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere.|The technology of carbon dioxide sink enhancement is in its infancy. The sequestering of carbon dioxide in geological formations is both beneficial and inexpensive, if the carbon dioxide is relatively concentrated. An example of relatively concentrated carbon dioxide is the off-gas after removal of methane from natural gas containing carbon dioxide. However, there is relatively little carbon dioxide available in such concentrated form. Most carbon dioxide is available in concentrations of from about 10 percent to about 25 percent in exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil fuels. It is quite expensive to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide from about 10 or 25 percent to about 100 percent. The preferable course of action appears to be the use of sunlight and plants to do the concentrating, and subsequently to sequester the resulting plant material in some manner.|One approach would be to plant trees. However, there is not enough land to plant sufficient trees to zero out the net carbon dioxide production. Even if there were enough land, we would have to find a place to store the resulting wood after about 50 to about 100 years, such that the wood would not rot and release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Thus, this approach would not sequester carbon dioxide for a relatively long period of time.|The best place to enhance plant growth is in the oceans. Ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is a barren desert with almost no plant life. About sixty percent of the plant life (phytoplankton) in the oceans of the world arises from about only two percent of the surface of the oceans.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: testing an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability; fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide; and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The method may include the additional step of reporting the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. An area of the surface of an ocean is suitable if both at least one nutrient is missing to a significant extent, and the water is deep. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the metabolism of carbon dioxide is reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. An appropriate amount of a missing nutrient is an amount to raise the concentration of the nutrient at the ocean surface so that the metabolism of carbon dioxide is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of the nutrient. The depth of the water is preferable at least about 5,000 feet (about 1524 meters), more preferably at least about 10,000 feet (about 3048 meters), and most preferably at least about 15,000 feet (about 4572 meters). The fertilizing creates a new verdant zone, preferably in the ocean surface above very deep water. The testing and reporting may be carried out by any of a number of methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The reporting may be carried out in a number of forms. Conventional forms would include printing the report on paper or another substrate, or storing the report in magnetic media or optical media. The report may be in a form required by our governmental authority. Such governmental authority may monitor the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere by a particular person or company. The amount of carbon dioxide released may be a debit on the balance sheet of such person or company. The governmental authority may allow credits on such balance sheet for the amount of carbon dioxide stated in such report as being sequestered.|(US6056919)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|Sequestration of carbon dioxide by fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of an open ocean has a number of benefits. Substantial amounts of carbon dioxide may be sequestered for substantial periods of time. The present invention may sequester all of the net carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels because about 53 percent of the carbon taken out of the ocean (and from the atmosphere) by the process of the present invention is expected to be sequestered in the deep ocean for about 1,000 to about 2,000 years, as has been measured in the deep, tropical Pacific Ocean. The present invention should not be carried out in a shallow bay or lake because this could produce anoxic conditions.|The barren ocean may be made verdant by adding the missing nutrients to the ocean surface. This occurs naturally in the upwelling off of Peru where nutrient-rich bottom water comes to the surface and the phytoplankton bloom.|Whether an area of the surface of an ocean is suitable for sequestering carbon dioxide depends on a number of factors. The depth of the ocean should be sufficient to prevent the significant development of anoxic conditions after fertilization. The depth of the thermocline is preferably less than the depth of the photic zone, such that the thermocline prevents the fertilizer from reaching a depth below the photic zone. The photic zone extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of from about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters), generally speaking. The photic zone may best be described functionally. It extends from the surface to a depth where sunlight no longer causes an appreciable amount of photosynthesis. However, if the depth of the thermocline is greater than the depth of the photic zone, then the fertilizer may comprise a float material to prevent the fertilizer from sinking to a depth below the photic zone. The amount and nature of the fertilizer depends on the nutrients that are missing from the surface of the ocean. Preferably, iron is the only nutrient that is missing to a significant extent from the area of the ocean to be fertilized. This allows fertilization with a fertilizer that comprises only iron salts, and preferably iron chelates that prevent the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. However, other nutrients may be missing from the surface of the ocean. If nitrogen is missing to a significant extent, then the fertilizer may comprise at least one nutrient which causes a bloom of at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen. The microorganism may be from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton. The surface of the ocean may also be missing phosphate and trace minerals, which may be incorporated into the fertilizer system. If the surface of the ocean is missing both iron and an additional nutrient, then the preferred method may include the separate application of a plurality of fertilizers. The first fertilizer preferably includes iron, and more preferably an iron chelate. The other missing nutrients may be applied in a second fertilizer, or in a plurality of additional fertilizers. It is preferred that each fertilizer release the corresponding nutrient in a form that does not react with any iron chelates in the first fertilizer and that does not precipitate to any substantial extent.|The amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out a fertilization according to the present invention depends upon a number of factors. The composition, amount and rate of distribution of the fertilizer are all factors. The nutrient content of the water of the ocean is also a factor, not only at the location of the application of the fertilizer, but also all locations to which the fertilized water is subsequently carried by any currents. The temperature and amount of sunlight are factors. The nature and number of the organisms in the water that metabolize the fertilizer or that eat the plant materials produced, are also factors.|The primary missing nutrient is iron in much of the surface of the oceans. In an experiment, iron salts were added to a portion of the surface of the barren tropical Pacific ocean. A bloom of phytoplankton resulted. This plant bloom turned the ocean from deep blue to milky green and drew down the carbon dioxide concentration in the fertilized water. The phytoplankton increased about 27 times versus background in about nine days, as a result of fertilization with iron salts during the first, fourth and eighth days (days zero, three and seven of the experiment). This plant bloom occurred in spite of the relatively low efficiency of the fertilizer that was used (about 95 percent of the iron precipitated out of the photic zone shortly after application).|A test has been carried out to evaluate the application of fertilizers that comprise both iron and phosphate. The initial fertilization produced a bloom of phytoplankton of about 4.5 to 7 times the initial concentration of such phytoplankton, in just over one day. Adverse weather and ocean conditions after the first day precluded further effective measurements.|A second test has been carried out to evaluate the application of an iron fertilizer. Iron-containing pellets were dispersed over a nine square mile patch of open ocean. This resulted in an increase of phytoplankton concentration of about five times the background concentration of phytoplankton. The maximum bloom appeared to be about 600 pounds of phytoplankton per pound of fertilizer, by extrapolating over the increasing size of the patch at nearly constant phytoplankton concentration.|The measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out the fertilization of the present invention may require that some estimates be made. Dissolved inorganic carbon may be removed from the water at the surface of the ocean by three mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; (2) some will be dispersed by currents; and (3) some will be degassed to the atmosphere over the ocean. Numerous organisms may metabolize each nutrient including inorganic nitrogen that is available at the surface of the ocean. These organisms may be removed from that area of the surface of the ocean by two mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; and (2) some are dispersed by the current or swimming. None are removed to the air over the ocean. As these phytoplankton organisms metabolize each fertilizer, they usually uptake both carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Estimates may be made of the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean by assuming that the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean is proportional to the amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean. The amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean can be measured from the draw down of inorganic nitrates and the carbon-nitrogen ratios in the organic materials formed. As the particles of organic carbon sink below the main thermocline, this organic carbon is effectively sequestered in the deep ocean for periods of time approaching the time scale of organic turnover which is from about 100 to about 10,000 years.|The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. Preliminary calculations indicate that for each year, for each square mile of deep tropical ocean fertilized, about 17,000 tons of carbon dioxide containing about 4,600 tons of carbon may be converted to biomass and sequestered to the ocean floor. After a substantial period of time such as over the next 1,000 years, most of this carbon is expected to be oxidized to carbon dioxide and returned to the surface of the ocean in the form of super-saturated ocean upwellings but a part will remain in the deep ocean in the form of calcium carbonate and other carbonaceous materials. Therefore, the present invention may sequester the 40 percent of the carbon dioxide that the U.S. produces by burning fossil fuels each year and that is not taken out by natural sinks, if this continuous fertilization is carried out over 140,000 square miles of deep barren ocean surface. The estimated current cost is about $5 per ton of carbon sequestered, when one considers that about 1,000 tons of carbon will be sequestered per ton of fertilizer spread over the surface of the deep barren ocean. This estimated cost is much lower than the estimated cost of alternative approaches primarily because of the use of sunlight to concentrate the carbon dioxide from the ocean surface and the atmosphere into the form of biomass which is then sequestered naturally over long periods of time.|There are additional consequences of carrying out the method of the present invention. About half the biomass that is created by fertilization according to the present invention will be recycled through zooplankton, fish and marine mammals. If there is continuous fertilization according to the present invention of about 140,000 square miles of deep barren ocean, then it is estimated that an additional 70 million tons of catchable fish per year would be produced, or about two-thirds of the current world fish production. This is based on an estimate of 500 tons of catchable fish per square mile per year under continuous fertilization. These estimates may be subject to revision because there are many variables as one moves up the food chain from the phytoplankton. These variables are not particularly well understood or easy to control. However, it is known that where this fertilization occurs naturally, such as off of Peru, the ocean is able to take advantage of the available food and produce a bloom of fish. The amount of catchable fish per year per square mile of barren ocean that is fertilized, may be increased by seeding the ocean with filter-feeder fish. The introduction of these fish will increase the fraction of biological carbon that is recycled to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, and will decrease the fraction that is sequestered to the ocean depths. Therefore, carbon dioxide sequestration is preferably carried out with fertilization pulses of less than thirty days in a particular area, to limit the zooplankton and fish growth. The use of fertilization pulses can increase sequestration of carbon dioxide from as little as ten percent of organic carbon formed to as much as eighty percent organic carbon formed. The length of such a fertilization pulse is more preferably less than about twenty days in a particular area. The time period between fertilization pulses in a particular area is preferably in excess of about thirty days, and more preferably in excess of about forty-five days.|The environmental effects of carrying out the method of the present invention are expected to be benign, because the same fertilization has been going on naturally in upwellings for millions of years. The main effect of carrying out the method of the present invention is expected to be substantial increases in the food supplies of, and therefore the population of fish, porpoises and whales in the newly created verdant ecosystems. Preferably, the fertilization according to the present invention will not take place near living coral reefs or in shallow water, so as to avoid any adverse effect thereon. In any event, the environmental effects at the ocean surface of carrying out the present invention will be short term, vanishing within about one month from the cessation of fertilization. If at some time in the future it is decided to carry out such fertilization on a large scale as part of a method of ocean farming, then the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere may indeed be significantly reduced and, therefore, the possible environmental effects of such large scale ocean farming should be carefully monitored as large scale ocean farming is implemented.|The ocean fertilization of about 140,000 square miles (about 370,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 2 billion tons (about 1.8 billion metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 700,000 tons (about 644,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer and would sequester the net annual carbon dioxide production of the United States from burning fossil fuels. This is about 2,000 tons (about 1,800 metric tons) per day for 350 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $5000 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $3.5 billion per year. This cost includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of sequestration, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on a number of factors.|Methods of increasing seafood production in the ocean are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,173 and 5,535,701, and pending application Ser. No. 08/950,418, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | Family Number|(43123675)|43123675|Abstract|(US6056919 A)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprises testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises an iron chelate, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably includes applying a fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.| | Other special machines | A01G-015/00|Y02P-060/20 | A01G-015/00|Y02P-060/20 | A01G-015/00 | A01G-015/00|A01G-031/00 | PCLO=422040000|PCLX=047059000R|PCLX=119200000|PCLX=047001400 | PCLO=422040000 PCLX=119200000 PCLX=047059000 PCLX=047001400 | EP2141980;EP2141980;EP2141980|WO2008131472|EP1907321;EP1907321;EP1907321|WO200714349;WO200714349|WO200471996;WO200471996|WO202386957|CN115428726|US20180079669|CN109413996|EP3468346;EP3468346|WO2017211976|WO2008107789;WO2008107789;WO2008107789|EP1562418;EP1562418|WO200445274;WO200445274|US20090227161|US20080057177|US20070028848|US20080124446|US20040161364|US11938446|US12599116|US11899004|US11819803|US11980172|EP3468346;EP3468346|US11330775|WO2017211976|FR3052366|FR3052330;FR3052330|FR3052330;FR3052330|US8882552|US9487716|US8722390|US8535107|US8753851|US20100218507|US20100077654|US8033879|US20090119978|US7985267|US20090118859|US20090119025|US20090119122|US9034594|US20080226527|US7479167|US20070265897|AU2007352235;AU2007352235|US20100210005|US8753863|CN101272984B|EP1907321;EP1907321;EP1907321|WO200714349;WO200714349|US7975651|US20060195334|US20040230443|US20050021495|US6729063|US6408792|US6440367|US6200530 | EP2141980 1834208 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO2008131472 1834208 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|EP1907321 62127156 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO200714349 62127156 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO200471996 43992227 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO202386957 104904996 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN115428726 102875355 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20180079669 75211160 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN109413996 78061798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|EP3468346 78061798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2017211976 78061798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2008107789 44180810 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|EP1562418 5026623 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO200445274 5026623 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20090227161 43797922 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20080057177 43611714 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20070028848 62127156 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20080124446 44161109 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20040161364 43992227 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US11938446 104364067 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US12599116 105710193 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US11899004 104904996 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US11819803 104364067 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US11980172 97079576 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|EP3468346 78061798 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US11330775 78061798 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO2017211976 78061798 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|FR3052366 78063575 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|FR3052330 78061798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|FR3052330 78061798 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US8882552 71778891 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US9487716 44466641 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US8722390 45969321 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US8535107 71778891 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8753851 72412482 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20100218507 44283426 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20100077654 44263302 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8033879 43797922 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090119978 43611714 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US7985267 43611714 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20090118859 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090119025 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090119122 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US9034594 44191677 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20080226527 44180810 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US7479167 43611714 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20070265897 5129806 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|AU2007352235 1834208 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20100210005 1834208 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8753863 1834208 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|CN101272984B 62127156 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|EP1907321 62127156 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO200714349 62127156 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US7975651 62127156 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20060195334 44077800 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20040230443 5129806 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20050021495 5129806 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US6729063 5026623 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6408792 35674732 WHO=Applicant SELF=Y|US6440367 35674732 WHO=Applicant SELF=Y|US6200530 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y | US5967087|WO9722137|US5535701|US5433173 | US5967087 54859170 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|WO9722137 1282954 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5535701 1220367 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5433173 1220367 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | US5433173; US5535701; US5967087; WO9722137 | (US6056919)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-Predominance of vertical loss of carbon from surface waters of the equatorial Pacific Ocean , Dennis A. Hansell, Nicholas R. Bates and Craig A. Carlson, Nature. vol. 336, pp. 59 61 (Mar. 6, 1997).|-Phytoplankton Bloom on Iron Rations , Bruce W. Frost, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 475 476 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Confirmation of Iron Limitation of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean , Michael J. Behrenfeld et al, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 508 511 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Large Decrease in Ocean Surface CO 2 Fugacity in Reponse to In situ Iron Fertilization , D.J. Cooper et al, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 511 513 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-A Massive Phytoplankton Bloom Induced by an Ecosystem scale Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Equatorial Pacific , Kenneth H. Coale et al, Nature , vol. 383, pp. 495 501 (Oct. 10, 1996).|-Oceanographers Green Thumb , Science, vol. 269, p. 759 (Aug. 11, 1995).|-Jones, Ian S. F. Enhanced carbon dioxide uptake by the world s oceans, Energy Convers. Manage., 37(6 8), pp. 1049 1052, 1996.|-Jones, Ian S. F. et al. Photosynthetic greenhouse gas mitigation by ocean nourishment, Energy Convers. Manage. 38 (Supple., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996), pp. S367 S372, 1997.|-Jones, Ian S. F. et al. Enhanced oceanic uptake of carbon dioxide an AIJ candidate, Greenhouse Gas Mitigation, Proc. Technol. Act. Implemented Jointly, Meeting Date 1997, pp. 267 272, 1998.| | LAPSED | (US6056919)|LAPSED | DEAD | (US6056919)|DEAD | (US6056919)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US6056919|Actual or expected expiration date=2012-05-28|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=1999-05-04|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US09304063|Application date=1999-05-04|Standardized application number=1999US-09304063|Event publication date=1999-05-04|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:MCKANE, ELIZABETH L|Event publication date=1999-05-04|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1744|Event publication date=1999-05-04|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: SMALL|Event publication date=1999-05-04|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=No|Event publication date=1999-05-04|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: TJM/MAR0005U|Event publication date=1999-05-04|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 24126|Event publication date=1999-06-08|Event code=US/TRDD|Event group=APL|Decision by documentation|Event publication date=1999-06-23|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=1999-07-26|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=1999-07-26|Event code=US/PET|Event group=APL|Petition Entered|Event publication date=1999-08-30|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=1999-11-29|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure 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country=US|Publication number=US06056919|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2000-05-02|Standardized publication number=US6056919|Event publication date=2001-10-15|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR.|Reel/frame:012252/0811|OWNER:GREENSEA VENTURE, INC., CONNECTICUT|Effective date of the event=2001-08-31|Event publication date=2002-01-18|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|Event publication date=2003-10-27|Event code=US/FPAY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Fee payment recorded|Annual fees payment date=2003-10-27|Year of payment of annual fees=4|Event publication date=2007-09-19|Event code=US/FPAY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Fee payment recorded|Annual fees payment 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https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=49p6nVG988SGZe2qRc3gsxX4n5EyVake66kX6Irr/skRMo5gnoYOkXSTXCpblr3YUtJZQSfwUD0=&n=1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/09304063/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=JLErB9WdsVw1zTc2PWcWRHfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (US6056919)|NAME=Bacon & Thomas, PLLC | (US6056919)|US | (US6056919)|NAME=Markels, Jr. Michael P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, POSTCODE=22151, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US | Titre: (US6056919)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide Résumé: (US6056919)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprises testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises an iron chelate, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably includes applying a fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate. | 38.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The patent describes a method for ocean iron fertilization to enhance phytoplankton growth and increase CO₂ sequestration, which aligns with the topic. | 3.0 | 27.0 | (US6056919)|2 | (US6056919)|17 | (US6056919)|19 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (US6056919)|Number of Claims: NCL=19|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,15|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=15|Primary examiner: McKane Elizabeth|Art Unit.: ART =174| | (US6056919)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US6056919)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 48 | WOJP2024/012400 | WOJP2024/012400 | WO2025/203363 | 116183565 | WO2025/203363 A1 2025-10-02 [WO2025203363] | 2024-03-27 | 2024-03-27 | 2025-10-02 | (WO2025/203363)|2027-09-27 | (WO2025/203363)|Simulation device and simulation method | (WO2025/203363)|A system for quantifying uncertainty in an ocean carbon flux by a surrogate model Monte Carlo method comprises: a randomized parameter initialization unit 104 that, using a random value, initializes a function parameter that depends on a crowd configuration of phytoplankton in an ocean biogeochemistry model; a simulator unit 107 that performs model execution by linking the ocean biogeochemistry model and an ocean general circulation model; a carbon flux quantification unit 108 that estimates an oceanic carbon sequestration quantity Q from the simulation result; a metamodel training unit 122 that trains a metamodel of a Monte Carlo simulation module using pairs of the function parameter and oceanic carbon sequestration quantities Q as training data; and a metamodel simulator unit 125 that enters the function parameter initialized with the random value by a randomized parameter initialization unit 124 into a surrogate model and estimates the oceanic carbon sequestration quantity Q*. | NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE | (WO2025/203363)|NTT, INC. ([JP]) | STEWART HELEN|IRIE RIN|KURA TSUNEKO|HISADA MASAKI | (WO2025/203363)|STEWART Helen|IRIE Rin|KURA Tsuneko|HISADA Masaki | (WO2025/203363)|MYOSHI HIDEKAZU ([JP]) | (WO2025/203363)| The purpose of the present disclosure is to improve quantification of marine carbon flux and marine carbon fixation.|However, the lack of temporal continuity in observations and the limited spatial range limit the accuracy of this technique.| | (WO2025/203363)|1. A simulation device for estimating the amount of marine carbon fixed by using the Monte Carlo method comprises an initialization unit for initializing, with a random value, a function parameter dependent on the group structure of phytoplankton of a marine biogeochemical model. A first simulator unit for executing a model by linking the marine biogeochemical model and the marine general circulation model, and an estimation unit for estimating a first marine carbon fixation amount from the simulation results A learning unit for learning the surrogate model of the first simulator unit, using the pair of the function parameter and the first marine carbon fixed amount as learning data, and the function parameter initialized with a random value are inputted to the surrogate model A simulation device is provided with a second simulator unit for estimating a second marine carbon fixed amount.|4. In a simulation method for estimating a fixed amount of marine carbon by using a Monte Carlo method, a computer initializes a function parameter, which depends on the group structure of phytoplankton in a marine biogeochemical model, with a random value. The marine biogeochemical model and the marine general circulation model are linked to perform model execution, and a first marine carbon fixed amount is estimated from the simulation result. A surrogate model is learned by using a pair of the function parameter and the first marine carbon fixed amount as learning data, and the function parameter initialized with a random value is inputted into the surrogate model, thereby estimating a second marine carbon fixed amount.| | (WO2025/203363)|Therefore, the system provides flexibility to the model, reflecting seasonal and regional variations in primary phytoplankton production, introducing randomness to the herd structure and function of phytoplankton, and reflecting this to the uncertainty of the marine carbon flux estimates.|This system is provided with an experimental observation database 101 for holding statistical data of phytoplankton obtained by experimental observation and an experimental observation database A function parameter processing unit (103) is provided for replacing a function parameter dependent on the cluster configuration of phytoplankton of a marine biogeochemical model with a statistical distribution corresponding to statistical data held in an experimental observation database (101), and a randomized parameter initialization unit (104) is provided To initialize a function parameter with a random value according to a statistical distribution.| The present disclosure relates to a simulation device and a simulation method.| | (WO2025/203363)|SIMULATION(100,23)|MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(100,20)|MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL PHYTOPLANKTON(79,1)|OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL(62,2)|RANDOMIZED PARAMETER INITIALIZATION(61,13)|EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION DATABASE(58,9)|ESTIMATING MARINE CARBON(54,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON(53,5)|EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION(41,2)|TEMPORAL CONTINUITY(39,1)|PARAMETER INITIALIZATION(38,12)|OCEANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(38,2)|MONTE CARLO SIMULATION MODULE(37,14)|SIMULATOR(37,13)|QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY(37,1)|RANDOMNESS INTRODUCTION(36,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON CROWD CONFIGURATION(33,1)|EXECUTION MODEL(31,3)|SURROGATE MODEL LEARNING(31,2)|METAMODEL SIMULATOR(30,6)|INITIALIZATION(30,2)|SURROGATE MODEL(29,10)|MARINE CARBON FIXATION(29,5)|METAMODEL TRAINING(29,4)|UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION(28,1)|MARINE CARBON FLUX QUANTIFICATION(27,3)|PRIMARY PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(26,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON STATISTICAL DATA(25,3)|MARINE CARBON(22,4)|CLUSTER CONFIGURATION(22,1)|CARBON FLUX ESTIMATION(21,1)|FUNCTION PARAMETER(19,15)|OCEAN CARBON FLUX(19,1)|STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION(18,11)|LEARNING(17,3)|SIMULATION RESULT(17,2)|RANDOMIZATION PARAMETER INITIALIZATION(16,5)|HERD STRUCTURE(15,1)|UNCERTAINTY(14,5)|GLOBAL MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(14,3)|REPLACING FUNCTION PARAMETER DEPENDENT(14,2)|CARBON FIXATION(13,8)|MARINE CARBON FLUX(13,8)|STATISTICAL DATA(13,6)|METAMODEL LEARNING(13,4)|CARBON FLUX UNCERTAIN QUANTIFICATION(11,5)|MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL MODULE(11,2)|MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL MICROBIOGENIC(11,1)|CARBON FLUX(10,32)|MARINE GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL(10,9)|NANOPHYTOPLANKTON CARBON BIOMASS(10,2)|NANOPHOTOPLANKTON NITROGEN ANABOLISM(9,1)|SURROGATE MONTE CARLO SIMULATION(9,1)|CARBON FLUX UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION(8,7)|MONTE CARLO METHOD(8,5)|EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION DB(8,2)|FUNCTION PARAMETER DEPENDENT(8,2)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(8,2)|META MODEL SIMULATOR(8,2)|MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL PARAMETER(8,1)|FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERIZATION(7,2)|MARINE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL MODULE(7,1)|OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL MODULE(7,1)|PROCESSING FUNCTION PARAMETER(7,1)|SMC SIMULATION MODULE REPEAT(7,1)|TRAINING DATA(7,1)|LEARNING METAMODEL(6,1)|LIMITED SPATIAL RANGE(6,1)|MARINE BIOCHEMICAL MODULE(6,1)|MARINE CARBON UNCERTAINTY(6,1)|MARINE MICROBE COMMUNITY(6,1)|MARINE PHYSICOCHEMICAL BONDING MODEL(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY(6,1)|FUNCTION PARAMETERIZATION(5,5)|OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL(5,4)|NUMB H(5,3)|CARBON FLUX QUANTIFICATION MODULE(5,2)|GLOBAL CARBON BALANCE(5,2)|SIMULATION PIECE(5,2)|SMC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT(5,2)|CARBON UPTAKE VARIABILITY(5,1)|COMPUTATIONAL CONSTRAINT(5,1)|DIVERSE COMMUNITY(5,1)|EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION DATABASE(5,1)|MARINE MICROORGANISM EXCRETION(5,1)|META MODEL LEARNING(5,1)|OCEAN CIRCULATION(5,1)|STATISTICAL INTERPOLATION(5,1)|GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL(4,13)|GRAZING(4,4)|SIMULATION PERIOD(4,4)|COUPLING MODULE(4,3)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(4,3)|SIMULATION RUN(4,2)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL EQUATION(4,1)|FPHY LIM(4,1)|MARINE MICROBE SPATIAL VARIABILITY(4,1)|MODEL ORGANISM EXCRETION(4,1)|MODIFIED OCEAN BIOCHEMISTRY(4,1)|NANOPHOTOPLANKTON CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|NEURAL NETWORK REGRESSION(4,1)|NUTRIENT INTAKE(4,1)|PRECIPITATION CREATING SURROGATE MODEL(4,1)|PREDICTIVE VARIABLE(4,1)|RANDOMIZED PARAMETER(4,1)|SHARED PARAMETER(4,1)|SIMULATION EXECUTION NUMB N(4,1)|SMC SIMULATION MODULE OUTPUT(4,1)|METAMODEL STORAGE UNIT(3,4)|QPHY(3,3)|PARAMETER GENERATION(3,2)|CHANGE REGION(3,1)|COMPUTATIONAL LOAD(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION DATA(3,1)|GLOBAL CARBON FIXATION(3,1)|MARINE CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX(3,1)|MARINE MIXING(3,1)|META MODEL STORAGE(3,1)|NANOPHOTOPLANKTON BREATHING RATE(3,1)|NANOPHYTOPLANKTON RATIO(3,1)|NUTRIENT SALT(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(3,1)|PREDICTION VARIABLE(3,1)|PRIMARY PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION(3,1)| | (WO2025/203363)|1. A simulation device for estimating the amount of marine carbon fixed by using the Monte Carlo method comprises an initialization unit for initializing, with a random value, a function parameter dependent on the group structure of phytoplankton of a marine biogeochemical model. A first simulator unit for executing a model by linking the marine biogeochemical model and the marine general circulation model, and an estimation unit for estimating a first marine carbon fixation amount from the simulation results A learning unit for learning the surrogate model of the first simulator unit, using the pair of the function parameter and the first marine carbon fixed amount as learning data, and the function parameter initialized with a random value are inputted to the surrogate model A simulation device is provided with a second simulator unit for estimating a second marine carbon fixed amount.|2. The simulation device described in claim 1 is a database for holding statistical data of phytoplankton obtained by experimental observation. The simulation device is provided with a replacement unit for replacing a function parameter dependent on the group structure of phytoplankton of the marine biogeochemical model with a statistical distribution corresponding to statistical data held in the database. The initialization unit initializes the function parameter with a random value according to the statistical distribution.|3. The simulation device described in claim 1 is provided with a calculation unit for calculating the uncertainty of the marine carbon fixed amount estimated from the first marine carbon fixed amount and the second marine carbon fixed amount.|4. In a simulation method for estimating a fixed amount of marine carbon by using a Monte Carlo method, a computer initializes a function parameter, which depends on the group structure of phytoplankton in a marine biogeochemical model, with a random value. The marine biogeochemical model and the marine general circulation model are linked to perform model execution, and a first marine carbon fixed amount is estimated from the simulation result. A surrogate model is learned by using a pair of the function parameter and the first marine carbon fixed amount as learning data, and the function parameter initialized with a random value is inputted into the surrogate model, thereby estimating a second marine carbon fixed amount. | (WO2025/203363)|[0001] The present disclosure relates to a simulation device and a simulation method.|[0002] The ocean is a source of about 25±2% of atmospheric carbon dioxide emitted by human activity. The amount is more than 2 petagrams (PgCyr-1) a year. In particular, primary photosynthetic production of marine phytoplankton is thought to account for 40% of global carbon fixation (man-made and non-man-made).|[0003] Actively quantifying and understanding the variability of carbon uptake in ocean carbon sinks is essential for policy making and predicting future changes.|[0004] Hauck, Judith, et al., "Seasonally different carbon flux changes in the Southern Ocean in response to the southern annular mode," Global Biogeochemical Cycles 27.4 (2013), pp. 1236-1245 Hauck, Judith, et al., "Consistency and challenges in the ocean carbon sink estimate for the global carbon budget," Frontiers in Marine Science, October 2020, Volume 7, Article 571720. Weber, T et al.,“Technical note: Deep learning for creating surrogate models of precipitation in Earth system models,” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, (2020), Volume 20, pp. 2303-2317|[0005] The estimation of marine carbon dioxide fluxes for the global carbon balance is mainly based on mapping methods and global marine biogeochemical models.|[0006] The mapping method uses statistical interpolation or neural network regression to map the Earth's sea level CO2 partial pressure based on measurements from Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas and other environmental data sets issued by SOCAT. However, the lack of temporal continuity in observations and the limited spatial range limit the accuracy of this technique.|[0007] Global marine biogeochemical models used in the Global Carbon Budget are global circulation models (GCMs) that combine marine biogeochemical models. They can be used to predict future changes in marine carbon flux.|[0008] In Regulated Ecosystem Model, version 2, (REcoM-2), one of the marine biogeochemical models, parameters related to the respiration, grazing, nutrient intake, and excretion of marine microorganisms (such as phytoplankton, diatom, and zooplankton) are set as constants.|[0009] Global marine biogeochemical models do not adequately capture regional and seasonal changes in biological productivity (carbon fixation by photosynthesis). This limits the accuracy of marine carbon flux quantification for the global carbon balance.|[0010] The Earth System Model requires a high-performance computer, and is one of the applications with a high computational load. More efficient algorithms are needed to enable calculations within the limits of today's high-performance computers. For example, due to current computational constraints, the maximum resolution of the global oceanographic physics-biogeochemical coupled model in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) 6 is 0.25° (approximately 104m scale). However, different communities of marine microbes have been observed on a scale of about 103 m, and the above resolution is insufficient to analyze the spatial variability of marine microbes and the accompanying variability of marine carbon flux.|[0011] The purpose of the present disclosure is to improve quantification of marine carbon flux and marine carbon fixation.|[0012] A simulation device of one embodiment of the present disclosure is a simulation device for estimating a fixed amount of marine carbon using a Monte Carlo method function parameters depending on the phytoplankton population structure in the marine biogeochemical model are initialized with random values. A first simulator unit for executing a model by linking the marine biogeochemical model and the marine general circulation model, and an estimation unit for estimating a first marine carbon fixation amount from the simulation results A learning unit for learning the surrogate model of the first simulator unit, using the pair of the function parameter and the first marine carbon fixed amount as learning data, and the function parameter initialized with a random value are inputted to the surrogate model A second simulator unit is provided for estimating a second marine carbon fixation amount.|[0013] According to the present disclosure, quantification of marine carbon flux and marine carbon fixation amount can be improved.|[0014] Fig. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a marine carbon flux uncertainty quantification system using the surrogate model Monte Carlo method. Figure 2 is a flowchart that shows an example of a process flow for a marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the process flow of a marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system. Figure 4 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system.|[0015] [System Configuration] The following is an explanation of the embodiment of this disclosure using drawings.|[0016] 1 is an example of the configuration of the marine carbon flux uncertainty quantification system (SURROGATE MODEL MONTE CARLO-BASED OCEAN CARBON FLUX UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM) by the surrogate model Monte Carlo method of the present embodiment. The system shown in the figure is mainly Modified Ocean Biochemistry Model Module (MONTE CARLO) MONTE CARLO SIMULATION MODULE), and SURROGATE MONTE CARLO SIMULATION MODULE (MONTE CARLO SIMULATION MODULE). The systems shown in the figure are the experimental observation database (EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION DB)101, the Ocean Biogeochemistry Model Unit (OCEAN BIOCHEMISTRY MODEL UNIT)102, and the ECOSYSTEMS. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERIZATION UNIT (103), RANDOMIZED PARAMETER INITIALIZATION UNIT (104), Ocean General Circulation Model Unit (OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL UNIT) 105, Coupling Module (COUPLING MODULE) 106, Simulator Module (SIMULATOR MODULE) 107, CARBON FLUX QUANTIFICATION MODULE (CARBON FLUX QUANTIFICATION MODULE)108, STORAGE UNIT (MC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT STORAGE) 109, Input/Output Parameter Storage Unit (INPUT/OUTPUT PARAMETER STORAGE UNIT) 121, Metamodel Training Unit (METAMODEL TRAINING UNIT) 122, Metamodel Storage Unit (METAMODEL STORAGE UNIT) 123, Randomized Parameter Initialization Unit (RANDOMIZED PARAMETER INITIALIZATION UNIT)124, METAMODEL SIMULATOR UNIT(125, A storage device (SMC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT STORAGE UNIT) 126 and a carbon flux uncertainty quantification unit (CARBON FLUX UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION UNIT) 130 are provided. The Monte Carlo simulation module is referred to as an MC simulation module, and the surrogate Monte Carlo simulation module is referred to as an SMC simulation module.|[0017] [Improved Marine Biochemical Module] The experimental observation database 101 holds statistical data on the uptake, emission and growth of carbon of phytoplankton obtained by experiments or observations. For example, an experimental observation database (101) holds statistical data of a phytoplankton gene relating to a growth rate, such as a gene for determining a light collection efficiency, the uptake rate of various nutrients, the storage amount of nutrients, and the size of cells, which are obtained by experiment or observation.|[0018] A marine biogeochemical model part 102 includes a standard marine biogeochemical model equation. For example, marine biogeochemical models include REcoM-2, PlankTOM5, HAMOCC, PISCES, and COBALT.|[0019] A function parameterization unit (103) performs a function of the parameters of the marine biogeochemical model, i.e., the functions of respiration, grazing, and grazing. Parameters that vary according to the phytoplankton group structure, such as the intake of nutrient salts and the excretion of model organisms, are specified, and the parameters are replaced with statistical distributions based on experimental observation data from an experimental observation database (101).|[0020] A randomized parameter initialization part 104 randomly initializes parameters according to the statistical distribution defined by the function parameterization part 103. A random combination of generated parameters is used as an initial condition for each simulation run.|[0021] Here, an example of randomly initializing a parameter is described. Here, we show an example of one model equation, but the same method can be applied to other model equations.|[0022] In REcoM-2, the carbon biomass of nanophytoplankton increases as a result of carbon assimilation during photosynthesis. The rate of change (S) (Cphy) of the carbon biomass of the nanophytoplankton is expressed by the following formula.|[0023] |[0024] Here, pphy is the photosynthesis rate of the nanophotoplankton, εphy C is the carbon emission of the nanophotoplankton, fphy lim is a function limiting the nitrogen anabolism of the nanophotoplankton, rphy is the breathing rate of the nanophotoplankton, g is the aggregation rate and qp where phy is the intracellular N:C ratio of the nanophytoplankton and Gphy is the grazing rate of the nanophytoplankton.|[0025] εphy C and qphy are constant parameters defined in the model. A function parameterization part 103 refers to an experiment observation database 101 and substitutes εphy C and pphy with a statistical distribution. For example, in an experimental observation database (101), there are experimental and observed data in which εphy C is normally distributed at (μ,σ)=(0.05, 0.01) and qphy is normally distributed at (μ,σ)=(0.20, 0.05). where μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation.|[0026] A randomization parameter initialization unit (104) designates the mean and standard deviation for each of the εphy C and the qphy, generates a random number following a normal distribution, and generates initial conditions for executing N models.|[0027] The above is a very simplified example. In fact, it initializes an ensemble of more than 50 parameters depending on the model. Not only normal distribution, but other probability distributions such as beta distribution, binomial distribution, and Poisson distribution can also be applied. Further, the initialization of the parameter may be adjusted based on the marine area and the physical condition of the target grid cell.|[0028] An improved marine biogeochemistry model module (MODIFIED OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL MODULE) is constituted of a marine biogeochemistry model part 102, a function parameterization part 103, and a randomized parameter initialization part 104.|[0029] [Monte Carlo Simulation Module] A marine general circulation model part 105 includes a physical model equation of the ocean. For example, the Ocean Circulation Model includes MITgcm, NEMO, MICOM, MPIOM, CSIRO, and MOM6.|[0030] The coupling part 106 enables data exchange of shared parameters between the improved marine biogeochemical model module and the marine general circulation model part 105.|[0031] A simulator part 107 calculates an improved marine biogeochemical model module and a prediction variable specified by the marine general circulation model part 105 for each grid cell in the area of the model at each time step.|[0032] A carbon flux quantifying part 108 calculates the marine carbon flux defined by the marine biogeochemical model part 102 based on the simulation result of the simulator part 107 and outputs the carbon fixed amount.|[0033] A Monte Carlo simulation module is constituted of a coupling part 106, a simulator part 107, a carbon flux quantifying part 108 and a randomized parameter initializing part 104. In the Monte Carlo simulation module, parameter initialization in a randomized parameter initialization part 104 and simulation in a simulator part 107 are repeated N times, and carbon fixed amount of each time is obtained from a carbon flux quantification part 108.|[0034] A storage device 109 stores the output of the Monte Carlo simulation module. When the Monte Carlo simulation module repeats the N-times simulation, the storage device 109 holds the carbon fixed amount from Qn=0 to Qn=N.|[0035] A [surrogate Monte Carlo simulation module] input/output parameter storage unit (121) stores a pair of input parameters and a carbon fixed amount when the MC simulation module executes simulation by repeating N times. An input parameter is acquired from a randomization parameter initialization part 104, and a carbon fixed amount is acquired from a storage device 109.|[0036] A meta model learning unit (122) learns a meta model (surrogate model) by using the pair of input/output parameters stored in the input/output parameter storage unit (121) as data for learning. The surrogate model is a machine learning model trained using simulation results by a physical model, and can perform simulation at a lower calculation cost than the physical model. Neural networks, polynomial regression, Gaussian process regression, support vector machines, etc., can be used for the meta-model learning method.|[0037] A metamodel storage unit (123) stores the metamodel learned by the metamodel learning unit (122), i.e., the metamodel Q*=f(x1,..., xm) for inferring a carbon fixed amount when a parameter is inputted. where Q* is the estimated fixed amount of marine carbon, and x1,..., xm are m input parameters of the marine physicochemical bonding model.|[0038] A randomized parameter initialization part 124 randomly initializes parameters according to the statistical distribution defined by the function parameterization part 103 similarly to the randomized parameter initialization part 104. A random combination of generated parameters is used as an initial condition for each simulation run.|[0039] A metamodel simulator part 125 inputs an input parameter acquired from a randomization parameter initialization part 124 to the metamodel and estimates a carbon fixed amount Q*.|[0040] An SMC simulation module is constituted of an input/output parameter storage part 121, a meta model learning part 122, a meta model storage part 123, a randomized parameter initialization part 124, and a meta model simulator part 125. After learning the meta model, the SMC simulation module repeats parameter initialization in a randomized parameter initialization unit (124) and simulation in a meta model simulator unit (125) N* times to obtain a carbon fixed amount for each time.|[0041] A storage device 126 stores the output of the SMC simulation module. When an SMC simulation module repeats N* simulations, a storage device 126 holds a carbon fixed amount from Q*i=0 to Q*i=N*.|[0042] A carbon flux uncertainty quantification unit (130) estimates the uncertainty of the amount of marine carbon fixed during the simulation period by using the statistical distribution of output values stored in the storage device (109) and the storage device (126). For example, the average value Qav of the carbon fixed amount is calculated by the following formula.|[0043] |[0044] Here, Qm is the carbon fixed amount obtained by the n-th Monte Carlo simulation, and N is the number of times the simulation is repeated. Q* i is the amount of carbon fixation obtained by the first surrogate Monte Carlo simulation, and N* is the number of times the simulation is repeated.|[0045] A carbon flux uncertainty quantification unit (130) outputs the average value (Qav) and the uncertainty (x) (Qav±x%) of the carbon fixed amount in the ocean during the simulation period. The carbon flux uncertainty quantifying unit (130) may calculate the uncertainty (x) by calculating the dispersion and standard deviation of the carbon fixing amounts (Qn, Q*i) during the simulation period.|[0046] [System Operation] Next, an example of the process flow of this system is described with reference to the flowchart in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the MC simulation module. Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the SMC simulation module.|[0047] In a step S11, Monte Carlo simulation initializes counters m, h for counting the number of execution times of simulation.|[0048] In a step S12, a function parameterization unit 103 refers to data held in an experimental observation database 101, and substitutes a proper statistical distribution for a function parameter dependent on the microbiogenic composition of the marine biogeochemical model.|[0049] In a step S13, the MC simulation module determines whether or not the number m of simulation execution times is less than N. When the number of simulation execution times (n) is less than N, the processing proceeds to step S14, and when the number of simulation execution times (n) or more is, the processing proceeds to step S21 of Fig. 3.|[0050] In the case of executing the simulation, a randomized parameter initialization part 104 randomly initializes each parameter of the improved marine biogeochemical model according to each statistical distribution in a step S14.|[0051] In a step S15, a coupling part 106 links an improved marine biogeochemical model in which parameters are randomly initialized with a marine general circulation model.|[0052] In a step S16, a simulator part 107 calculates a predictive variable specified by an improved marine biogeochemical model and a marine general circulation model for each grid cell in the area of the model at each time step.|[0053] In a step S17, a carbon flux quantifying part 108 stores a carbon fixed amount Qm in a storage device 109. The MC simulation module pairs a parameter used for simulation with the determined carbon fixed amount Qm and stores it in an input/output parameter storage part 121.|[0054] In a step S18, the MC simulation module adds 1 to the number m of simulation execution times.|[0055] When the number n of simulation executions by the MC simulation module reaches N times, in step S21 in Fig. 3, a meta-model learning unit 122 executes N pairs of a parameter and a carbon fixed amount stored in an input/output parameter storage unit (121) are used as learning data, and a meta model for obtaining the carbon fixed amount is learned.|[0056] In a step S22, the SMC simulation module determines whether or not the number h of simulation execution times (i) by the meta model is less than N*. When the number h of simulation execution times is less than N* times, the processing is advanced to step S23, and when the number of simulation execution times is N* or more, the processing is advanced to step S25.|[0057] A step (S23) metamodel simulator unit (125) inputs the parameters initialized by the random values in the randomization parameter initialization unit (124) to the metamodel learned in step (S21), and estimates the carbon fixed amount (Q*i) of each grid point. The SMC simulation module stores the estimated carbon fixed amount in a storage device 126.|[0058] In a step S24, the SMC simulation module adds 1 to the number h of simulation execution times.|[0059] If the number i of simulation executions by the SMC simulation module reaches N* times, in step S25, the carbon flux uncertainty quantification unit 130 The uncertainty of the marine carbon fixed amount and the marine carbon flux during the simulation period is estimated by using the output values of the N pieces of the simulation stored in the storage device (109) and the * pieces of the estimated value of the N pieces of the simulation stored in the storage device (126).|[0060] In step S26, the system outputs the determined marine carbon fixed amount, marine carbon flux, and uncertainty.|[0061] As described above, the marine carbon flux uncertainty quantification system according to the surrogate model Monte Carlo method of the present embodiment A randomized parameter initialization unit (104) initializes, with random values, a functional parameter dependent on the cluster configuration of phytoplankton in a marine biogeochemical model. A simulator unit (107) performs model execution by linking a marine biogeochemical model and a marine general circulation model, and a carbon flux quantification unit (108) estimates a marine carbon fixed amount (Q) from simulation results A meta-model learning unit (122) for learning a meta-model of a Monte Carlo simulation module and a function parameter initialized by a random value by a randomization parameter initialization unit (124) are inputted into a surrogate model using a pair of the function parameter and a marine carbon fixed amount (Q) as learning data. A metamodel simulator part 125 is provided for estimating a marine carbon fixing amount Q*. This system is provided with an experimental observation database 101 for holding statistical data of phytoplankton obtained by experimental observation and an experimental observation database A function parameter processing unit (103) is provided for replacing a function parameter dependent on the cluster configuration of phytoplankton of a marine biogeochemical model with a statistical distribution corresponding to statistical data held in an experimental observation database (101), and a randomized parameter initialization unit (104) is provided To initialize a function parameter with a random value according to a statistical distribution.|[0062] Marine phytoplankton forms genetically diverse communities in the ocean and always adapts to the physical conditions of the environment. The composition of phytoplankton communities in a certain area may be determined by random events, such as random combinations of genes or marine mixing. Therefore, the system provides flexibility to the model, reflecting seasonal and regional variations in primary phytoplankton production, introducing randomness to the herd structure and function of phytoplankton, and reflecting this to the uncertainty of the marine carbon flux estimates. Thus, quantification of marine carbon flux can be improved.|[0063] Furthermore, the surrogate Monte Carlo simulation module reduces the calculation time required to obtain a larger sample size (N+N*).|[0064] For example, a general-purpose computer system, as shown in Fig. 4, can be used for the marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system, which comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 901, a memory 902, a storage 903, a communication device 904, an input device 905, and an output device 906. In this computer system, a predetermined program loaded onto a memory (902) by CPU901 is executed, thereby realizing a marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system. The program can be recorded on a computer-readable non-temporary recording medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a semiconductor memory, or distributed via a network.|[0065] 101 EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION DB 102 OCEAN BIOCHEMISTRY MODEL UNIT 103 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERIZATION UNIT 103 04 Randomized Parameter Initialization Unit 105 Ocean General Circulation Model Unit 106 Coupling Module 107 Simulator Module MC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT STORAGE UNIT) 121 INPUT/OUTPUT PARAMETER STORAGE UNIT (INPUT/OUTPUT PARAMETER STORAGE UNIT) 12 2 METAMODEL TRAINING UNIT 123 METAMODEL STORAGE UNIT 124 RANDOMIZED PARAMETER INITIALIZATION UNIT 125 METAMODEL SIMULATOR UNIT unit) 126 Storage Unit (SMC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT STORAGE UNIT) 130 CARBON FLUX UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION UNIT | (WO2025/203363)|[0001] The present disclosure relates to a simulation device and a simulation method.|[0002] The ocean is a source of about 25±2% of atmospheric carbon dioxide emitted by human activity. The amount is more than 2 petagrams (PgCyr-1) a year. In particular, primary photosynthetic production of marine phytoplankton is thought to account for 40% of global carbon fixation (man-made and non-man-made).|[0003] Actively quantifying and understanding the variability of carbon uptake in ocean carbon sinks is essential for policy making and predicting future changes.|[0004] Hauck, Judith, et al., "Seasonally different carbon flux changes in the Southern Ocean in response to the southern annular mode," Global Biogeochemical Cycles 27.4 (2013), pp. 1236-1245 Hauck, Judith, et al., "Consistency and challenges in the ocean carbon sink estimate for the global carbon budget," Frontiers in Marine Science, October 2020, Volume 7, Article 571720. Weber, T et al.,“Technical note: Deep learning for creating surrogate models of precipitation in Earth system models,” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, (2020), Volume 20, pp. 2303-2317|[0005] The estimation of marine carbon dioxide fluxes for the global carbon balance is mainly based on mapping methods and global marine biogeochemical models.|[0006] The mapping method uses statistical interpolation or neural network regression to map the Earth's sea level CO2 partial pressure based on measurements from Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas and other environmental data sets issued by SOCAT. However, the lack of temporal continuity in observations and the limited spatial range limit the accuracy of this technique.|[0007] Global marine biogeochemical models used in the Global Carbon Budget are global circulation models (GCMs) that combine marine biogeochemical models. They can be used to predict future changes in marine carbon flux.|[0008] In Regulated Ecosystem Model, version 2, (REcoM-2), one of the marine biogeochemical models, parameters related to the respiration, grazing, nutrient intake, and excretion of marine microorganisms (such as phytoplankton, diatom, and zooplankton) are set as constants.|[0009] Global marine biogeochemical models do not adequately capture regional and seasonal changes in biological productivity (carbon fixation by photosynthesis). This limits the accuracy of marine carbon flux quantification for the global carbon balance.|[0010] The Earth System Model requires a high-performance computer, and is one of the applications with a high computational load. More efficient algorithms are needed to enable calculations within the limits of today's high-performance computers. For example, due to current computational constraints, the maximum resolution of the global oceanographic physics-biogeochemical coupled model in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) 6 is 0.25° (approximately 104m scale). However, different communities of marine microbes have been observed on a scale of about 103 m, and the above resolution is insufficient to analyze the spatial variability of marine microbes and the accompanying variability of marine carbon flux.|[0011] The purpose of the present disclosure is to improve quantification of marine carbon flux and marine carbon fixation.|[0012] A simulation device of one embodiment of the present disclosure is a simulation device for estimating a fixed amount of marine carbon using a Monte Carlo method function parameters depending on the phytoplankton population structure in the marine biogeochemical model are initialized with random values. A first simulator unit for executing a model by linking the marine biogeochemical model and the marine general circulation model, and an estimation unit for estimating a first marine carbon fixation amount from the simulation results A learning unit for learning the surrogate model of the first simulator unit, using the pair of the function parameter and the first marine carbon fixed amount as learning data, and the function parameter initialized with a random value are inputted to the surrogate model A second simulator unit is provided for estimating a second marine carbon fixation amount.|[0013] According to the present disclosure, quantification of marine carbon flux and marine carbon fixation amount can be improved.|[0014] Fig. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a marine carbon flux uncertainty quantification system using the surrogate model Monte Carlo method. Figure 2 is a flowchart that shows an example of a process flow for a marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the process flow of a marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system. Figure 4 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system.|[0015] [System Configuration] The following is an explanation of the embodiment of this disclosure using drawings.|[0016] 1 is an example of the configuration of the marine carbon flux uncertainty quantification system (SURROGATE MODEL MONTE CARLO-BASED OCEAN CARBON FLUX UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM) by the surrogate model Monte Carlo method of the present embodiment. The system shown in the figure is mainly Modified Ocean Biochemistry Model Module (MONTE CARLO) MONTE CARLO SIMULATION MODULE), and SURROGATE MONTE CARLO SIMULATION MODULE (MONTE CARLO SIMULATION MODULE). The systems shown in the figure are the experimental observation database (EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION DB)101, the Ocean Biogeochemistry Model Unit (OCEAN BIOCHEMISTRY MODEL UNIT)102, and the ECOSYSTEMS. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERIZATION UNIT (103), RANDOMIZED PARAMETER INITIALIZATION UNIT (104), Ocean General Circulation Model Unit (OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL UNIT) 105, Coupling Module (COUPLING MODULE) 106, Simulator Module (SIMULATOR MODULE) 107, CARBON FLUX QUANTIFICATION MODULE (CARBON FLUX QUANTIFICATION MODULE)108, STORAGE UNIT (MC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT STORAGE) 109, Input/Output Parameter Storage Unit (INPUT/OUTPUT PARAMETER STORAGE UNIT) 121, Metamodel Training Unit (METAMODEL TRAINING UNIT) 122, Metamodel Storage Unit (METAMODEL STORAGE UNIT) 123, Randomized Parameter Initialization Unit (RANDOMIZED PARAMETER INITIALIZATION UNIT)124, METAMODEL SIMULATOR UNIT(125, A storage device (SMC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT STORAGE UNIT) 126 and a carbon flux uncertainty quantification unit (CARBON FLUX UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION UNIT) 130 are provided. The Monte Carlo simulation module is referred to as an MC simulation module, and the surrogate Monte Carlo simulation module is referred to as an SMC simulation module.|[0017] [Improved Marine Biochemical Module] The experimental observation database 101 holds statistical data on the uptake, emission and growth of carbon of phytoplankton obtained by experiments or observations. For example, an experimental observation database (101) holds statistical data of a phytoplankton gene relating to a growth rate, such as a gene for determining a light collection efficiency, the uptake rate of various nutrients, the storage amount of nutrients, and the size of cells, which are obtained by experiment or observation.|[0018] A marine biogeochemical model part 102 includes a standard marine biogeochemical model equation. For example, marine biogeochemical models include REcoM-2, PlankTOM5, HAMOCC, PISCES, and COBALT.|[0019] A function parameterization unit (103) performs a function of the parameters of the marine biogeochemical model, i.e., the functions of respiration, grazing, and grazing. Parameters that vary according to the phytoplankton group structure, such as the intake of nutrient salts and the excretion of model organisms, are specified, and the parameters are replaced with statistical distributions based on experimental observation data from an experimental observation database (101).|[0020] A randomized parameter initialization part 104 randomly initializes parameters according to the statistical distribution defined by the function parameterization part 103. A random combination of generated parameters is used as an initial condition for each simulation run.|[0021] Here, an example of randomly initializing a parameter is described. Here, we show an example of one model equation, but the same method can be applied to other model equations.|[0022] In REcoM-2, the carbon biomass of nanophytoplankton increases as a result of carbon assimilation during photosynthesis. The rate of change (S) (Cphy) of the carbon biomass of the nanophytoplankton is expressed by the following formula.|[0023] |[0024] Here, pphy is the photosynthesis rate of the nanophotoplankton, εphy C is the carbon emission of the nanophotoplankton, fphy lim is a function limiting the nitrogen anabolism of the nanophotoplankton, rphy is the breathing rate of the nanophotoplankton, g is the aggregation rate and qp where phy is the intracellular N:C ratio of the nanophytoplankton and Gphy is the grazing rate of the nanophytoplankton.|[0025] εphy C and qphy are constant parameters defined in the model. A function parameterization part 103 refers to an experiment observation database 101 and substitutes εphy C and pphy with a statistical distribution. For example, in an experimental observation database (101), there are experimental and observed data in which εphy C is normally distributed at (μ,σ)=(0.05, 0.01) and qphy is normally distributed at (μ,σ)=(0.20, 0.05). where μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation.|[0026] A randomization parameter initialization unit (104) designates the mean and standard deviation for each of the εphy C and the qphy, generates a random number following a normal distribution, and generates initial conditions for executing N models.|[0027] The above is a very simplified example. In fact, it initializes an ensemble of more than 50 parameters depending on the model. Not only normal distribution, but other probability distributions such as beta distribution, binomial distribution, and Poisson distribution can also be applied. Further, the initialization of the parameter may be adjusted based on the marine area and the physical condition of the target grid cell.|[0028] An improved marine biogeochemistry model module (MODIFIED OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL MODULE) is constituted of a marine biogeochemistry model part 102, a function parameterization part 103, and a randomized parameter initialization part 104.|[0029] [Monte Carlo Simulation Module] A marine general circulation model part 105 includes a physical model equation of the ocean. For example, the Ocean Circulation Model includes MITgcm, NEMO, MICOM, MPIOM, CSIRO, and MOM6.|[0030] The coupling part 106 enables data exchange of shared parameters between the improved marine biogeochemical model module and the marine general circulation model part 105.|[0031] A simulator part 107 calculates an improved marine biogeochemical model module and a prediction variable specified by the marine general circulation model part 105 for each grid cell in the area of the model at each time step.|[0032] A carbon flux quantifying part 108 calculates the marine carbon flux defined by the marine biogeochemical model part 102 based on the simulation result of the simulator part 107 and outputs the carbon fixed amount.|[0033] A Monte Carlo simulation module is constituted of a coupling part 106, a simulator part 107, a carbon flux quantifying part 108 and a randomized parameter initializing part 104. In the Monte Carlo simulation module, parameter initialization in a randomized parameter initialization part 104 and simulation in a simulator part 107 are repeated N times, and carbon fixed amount of each time is obtained from a carbon flux quantification part 108.|[0034] A storage device 109 stores the output of the Monte Carlo simulation module. When the Monte Carlo simulation module repeats the N-times simulation, the storage device 109 holds the carbon fixed amount from Qn=0 to Qn=N.|[0035] A [surrogate Monte Carlo simulation module] input/output parameter storage unit (121) stores a pair of input parameters and a carbon fixed amount when the MC simulation module executes simulation by repeating N times. An input parameter is acquired from a randomization parameter initialization part 104, and a carbon fixed amount is acquired from a storage device 109.|[0036] A meta model learning unit (122) learns a meta model (surrogate model) by using the pair of input/output parameters stored in the input/output parameter storage unit (121) as data for learning. The surrogate model is a machine learning model trained using simulation results by a physical model, and can perform simulation at a lower calculation cost than the physical model. Neural networks, polynomial regression, Gaussian process regression, support vector machines, etc., can be used for the meta-model learning method.|[0037] A metamodel storage unit (123) stores the metamodel learned by the metamodel learning unit (122), i.e., the metamodel Q*=f(x1,..., xm) for inferring a carbon fixed amount when a parameter is inputted. where Q* is the estimated fixed amount of marine carbon, and x1,..., xm are m input parameters of the marine physicochemical bonding model.|[0038] A randomized parameter initialization part 124 randomly initializes parameters according to the statistical distribution defined by the function parameterization part 103 similarly to the randomized parameter initialization part 104. A random combination of generated parameters is used as an initial condition for each simulation run.|[0039] A metamodel simulator part 125 inputs an input parameter acquired from a randomization parameter initialization part 124 to the metamodel and estimates a carbon fixed amount Q*.|[0040] An SMC simulation module is constituted of an input/output parameter storage part 121, a meta model learning part 122, a meta model storage part 123, a randomized parameter initialization part 124, and a meta model simulator part 125. After learning the meta model, the SMC simulation module repeats parameter initialization in a randomized parameter initialization unit (124) and simulation in a meta model simulator unit (125) N* times to obtain a carbon fixed amount for each time.|[0041] A storage device 126 stores the output of the SMC simulation module. When an SMC simulation module repeats N* simulations, a storage device 126 holds a carbon fixed amount from Q*i=0 to Q*i=N*.|[0042] A carbon flux uncertainty quantification unit (130) estimates the uncertainty of the amount of marine carbon fixed during the simulation period by using the statistical distribution of output values stored in the storage device (109) and the storage device (126). For example, the average value Qav of the carbon fixed amount is calculated by the following formula.|[0043] |[0044] Here, Qm is the carbon fixed amount obtained by the n-th Monte Carlo simulation, and N is the number of times the simulation is repeated. Q* i is the amount of carbon fixation obtained by the first surrogate Monte Carlo simulation, and N* is the number of times the simulation is repeated.|[0045] A carbon flux uncertainty quantification unit (130) outputs the average value (Qav) and the uncertainty (x) (Qav±x%) of the carbon fixed amount in the ocean during the simulation period. The carbon flux uncertainty quantifying unit (130) may calculate the uncertainty (x) by calculating the dispersion and standard deviation of the carbon fixing amounts (Qn, Q*i) during the simulation period.|[0046] [System Operation] Next, an example of the process flow of this system is described with reference to the flowchart in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the MC simulation module. Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the SMC simulation module.|[0047] In a step S11, Monte Carlo simulation initializes counters m, h for counting the number of execution times of simulation.|[0048] In a step S12, a function parameterization unit 103 refers to data held in an experimental observation database 101, and substitutes a proper statistical distribution for a function parameter dependent on the microbiogenic composition of the marine biogeochemical model.|[0049] In a step S13, the MC simulation module determines whether or not the number m of simulation execution times is less than N. When the number of simulation execution times (n) is less than N, the processing proceeds to step S14, and when the number of simulation execution times (n) or more is, the processing proceeds to step S21 of Fig. 3.|[0050] In the case of executing the simulation, a randomized parameter initialization part 104 randomly initializes each parameter of the improved marine biogeochemical model according to each statistical distribution in a step S14.|[0051] In a step S15, a coupling part 106 links an improved marine biogeochemical model in which parameters are randomly initialized with a marine general circulation model.|[0052] In a step S16, a simulator part 107 calculates a predictive variable specified by an improved marine biogeochemical model and a marine general circulation model for each grid cell in the area of the model at each time step.|[0053] In a step S17, a carbon flux quantifying part 108 stores a carbon fixed amount Qm in a storage device 109. The MC simulation module pairs a parameter used for simulation with the determined carbon fixed amount Qm and stores it in an input/output parameter storage part 121.|[0054] In a step S18, the MC simulation module adds 1 to the number m of simulation execution times.|[0055] When the number n of simulation executions by the MC simulation module reaches N times, in step S21 in Fig. 3, a meta-model learning unit 122 executes N pairs of a parameter and a carbon fixed amount stored in an input/output parameter storage unit (121) are used as learning data, and a meta model for obtaining the carbon fixed amount is learned.|[0056] In a step S22, the SMC simulation module determines whether or not the number h of simulation execution times (i) by the meta model is less than N*. When the number h of simulation execution times is less than N* times, the processing is advanced to step S23, and when the number of simulation execution times is N* or more, the processing is advanced to step S25.|[0057] A step (S23) metamodel simulator unit (125) inputs the parameters initialized by the random values in the randomization parameter initialization unit (124) to the metamodel learned in step (S21), and estimates the carbon fixed amount (Q*i) of each grid point. The SMC simulation module stores the estimated carbon fixed amount in a storage device 126.|[0058] In a step S24, the SMC simulation module adds 1 to the number h of simulation execution times.|[0059] If the number i of simulation executions by the SMC simulation module reaches N* times, in step S25, the carbon flux uncertainty quantification unit 130 The uncertainty of the marine carbon fixed amount and the marine carbon flux during the simulation period is estimated by using the output values of the N pieces of the simulation stored in the storage device (109) and the * pieces of the estimated value of the N pieces of the simulation stored in the storage device (126).|[0060] In step S26, the system outputs the determined marine carbon fixed amount, marine carbon flux, and uncertainty.|[0061] As described above, the marine carbon flux uncertainty quantification system according to the surrogate model Monte Carlo method of the present embodiment A randomized parameter initialization unit (104) initializes, with random values, a functional parameter dependent on the cluster configuration of phytoplankton in a marine biogeochemical model. A simulator unit (107) performs model execution by linking a marine biogeochemical model and a marine general circulation model, and a carbon flux quantification unit (108) estimates a marine carbon fixed amount (Q) from simulation results A meta-model learning unit (122) for learning a meta-model of a Monte Carlo simulation module and a function parameter initialized by a random value by a randomization parameter initialization unit (124) are inputted into a surrogate model using a pair of the function parameter and a marine carbon fixed amount (Q) as learning data. A metamodel simulator part 125 is provided for estimating a marine carbon fixing amount Q*. This system is provided with an experimental observation database 101 for holding statistical data of phytoplankton obtained by experimental observation and an experimental observation database A function parameter processing unit (103) is provided for replacing a function parameter dependent on the cluster configuration of phytoplankton of a marine biogeochemical model with a statistical distribution corresponding to statistical data held in an experimental observation database (101), and a randomized parameter initialization unit (104) is provided To initialize a function parameter with a random value according to a statistical distribution.|[0062] Marine phytoplankton forms genetically diverse communities in the ocean and always adapts to the physical conditions of the environment. The composition of phytoplankton communities in a certain area may be determined by random events, such as random combinations of genes or marine mixing. Therefore, the system provides flexibility to the model, reflecting seasonal and regional variations in primary phytoplankton production, introducing randomness to the herd structure and function of phytoplankton, and reflecting this to the uncertainty of the marine carbon flux estimates. Thus, quantification of marine carbon flux can be improved.|[0063] Furthermore, the surrogate Monte Carlo simulation module reduces the calculation time required to obtain a larger sample size (N+N*).|[0064] For example, a general-purpose computer system, as shown in Fig. 4, can be used for the marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system, which comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 901, a memory 902, a storage 903, a communication device 904, an input device 905, and an output device 906. In this computer system, a predetermined program loaded onto a memory (902) by CPU901 is executed, thereby realizing a marine carbon flux uncertain quantification system. The program can be recorded on a computer-readable non-temporary recording medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a semiconductor memory, or distributed via a network.|[0065] 101 EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION DB 102 OCEAN BIOCHEMISTRY MODEL UNIT 103 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERIZATION UNIT 103 04 Randomized Parameter Initialization Unit 105 Ocean General Circulation Model Unit 106 Coupling Module 107 Simulator Module MC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT STORAGE UNIT) 121 INPUT/OUTPUT PARAMETER STORAGE UNIT (INPUT/OUTPUT PARAMETER STORAGE UNIT) 12 2 METAMODEL TRAINING UNIT 123 METAMODEL STORAGE UNIT 124 RANDOMIZED PARAMETER INITIALIZATION UNIT 125 METAMODEL SIMULATOR UNIT unit) 126 Storage Unit (SMC SIMULATOR MODULE OUTPUT STORAGE UNIT) 130 CARBON FLUX UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION UNIT | Family Number|(116183565)|116183565|Abstract|(WO2025203363 A1)|A system for quantifying uncertainty in an ocean carbon flux by a surrogate model Monte Carlo method comprises: a randomized parameter initialization unit 104 that, using a random value, initializes a function parameter that depends on a crowd configuration of phytoplankton in an ocean biogeochemistry model; a simulator unit 107 that performs model execution by linking the ocean biogeochemistry model and an ocean general circulation model; a carbon flux quantification unit 108 that estimates an oceanic carbon sequestration quantity Q from the simulation result; a metamodel training unit 122 that trains a metamodel of a Monte Carlo simulation module using pairs of the function parameter and oceanic carbon sequestration quantities Q as training data; and a metamodel simulator unit 125 that enters the function parameter initialized with the random value by a randomized parameter initialization unit 124 into a surrogate model and estimates the oceanic carbon sequestration quantity Q*.| | IT methods for management|Telecommunications | G06Q-050/26|G16Z-099/00 | G06Q-050/26|G16Z-099/00 | G06Q-050/26|G16Z-099/00 | G06Q-050/26|G16Z-099/00 | XP071727470; XP093360160 | (WO2025/203363)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-J. HAUCK; C. VÖLKER; T. WANG; M. HOPPEMA; M. LOSCH; D. A. WOLF‐GLADROW: "Seasonally different carbon flux changes in the Southern Ocean in response to the southern annular mode", GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION, WASHINGTON, DC, US, vol. 27, no. 4, 5 December 2013 (2013-12-05), US , pages 1236 - 1245, XP071727470, ISSN: 0886-6236, DOI: 10.1002/2013GB004600|-佐藤 祐一, 早川 和秀, "栄養塩負荷の増減が琵琶湖の高次生態系に与える影響:モンテカルロ法を用いた食物連鎖モデルによる解析", 水環境学会誌 [online], 2019, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 133-143, [retrieved on 23 April 2024], Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jswe/42/4/42_133/_article/-char/ja>, (SATO, Yuichi, HAYAKAWA, Kazuhide, Effect of Nutrient Loads on Upper Trophic Level Species in Lake Biwa: Analysis Using Food Chain Model by Monte Carlo Method, Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment)|-WEBER THEODORE, COROTAN AUSTIN, HUTCHINSON BRIAN, KRAVITZ BEN, LINK ROBERT: "Technical note: Deep learning for creating surrogate models of precipitation in Earth system models", ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION, vol. 20, no. 4, pages 2303 - 2317, XP093360160, ISSN: 1680-7324, DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-2303-2020| | PENDING | (WO2025/203363)|PENDING | ALIVE | (WO2025/203363)|ALIVE | (WO2025/203363)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2025/203363|Actual or expected expiration date=2027-09-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2024-03-27|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOJP2024/012400|Application date=2024-03-27|Standardized application number=2024WO-JP12400|Event publication date=2025-10-02|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2025/203363|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2025-10-02|Standardized publication number=WO2025203363|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-03-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP Corresponding appl: EP24932928|Event publication date=2025-11-12|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR JP|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-03-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=JP Corresponding appl: JP2026509570|Event publication date=2026-03-05|Event code=WO/ENP|Event group=Entry into national phase|Entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=JP|Event publication date=2026-03-05|Event code=WO/WWE|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Entry into national phase|Wipo information: entry into national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=JP | (WO2025/203363)|ARIPO: GH, RW, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2025/203363)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2025/203363)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, ME, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2025/203363)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2025/203363)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IQ, IR, IS, AL, IT, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, JM, RU, BG, JO, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, KG, KH, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, KW, CR, KZ, CU, CV, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, DJ, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MU, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, WS, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL | (WO2025/203363)|WO; EP; JP | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=icjTorqguCCiWHnxHSCrIt0P/F2Pwh1EkaV0SMUACwOCCKReMmHu7M9Ry4MrhQjLALkMBz8hwaI=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=WO0000000006882890&ekey=2390&xpn=WO2025203363&kind=A1 | http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2025203363&redirectedID=true | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=hTzVFBXJpO5PFpTb%252BpjhUbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | WO | (WO2025/203363)|JP | (WO2025/203363)|NAME=NTT, INC. , COUNTRY=JP | (WO2025/203363)|JP | (WO2025/203363)|NAME=MYOSHI HIDEKAZU , COUNTRY=JP | (WO2025/203363)|JP; JP; JP; JP | (WO2025/203363)|NAME=STEWART Helen c/o NTT Intellectual Property Center, 9-11, Midori-cho 3-chome, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 1808585, POSTCODE=〒1808585, COUNTRY=JP |NAME=IRIE Rin c/o NTT Intellectual Property Center, 9-11, Midori-cho 3-chome, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 1808585, POSTCODE=〒1808585, COUNTRY=JP |NAME=KURA Tsuneko c/o NTT Intellectual Property Center, 9-11, Midori-cho 3-chome, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 1808585, POSTCODE=〒1808585, COUNTRY=JP |NAME=HISADA Masaki c/o NTT Intellectual Property Center, 9-11, Midori-cho 3-chome, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 1808585, POSTCODE=〒1808585, COUNTRY=JP | Titre: (WO2025/203363)|Simulation device and simulation method Résumé: (WO2025/203363)|A system for quantifying uncertainty in an ocean carbon flux by a surrogate model Monte Carlo method comprises: a randomized parameter initialization unit 104 that, using a random value, initializes a function parameter that depends on a crowd configuration of phytoplankton in an ocean biogeochemistry model; a simulator unit 107 that performs model execution by linking the ocean biogeochemistry model and an ocean general circulation model; a carbon flux quantification unit 108 that estimates an oceanic carbon sequestration quantity Q from the simulation result; a metamodel training unit 122 that trains a metamodel of a Monte Carlo simulation module using pairs of the function parameter and oceanic carbon sequestration quantities Q as training data; and a metamodel simulator unit 125 that enters the function parameter initialized with the random value by a randomized parameter initialization unit 124 into a surrogate model and estimates the oceanic carbon sequestration quantity Q*. | 39.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses a system for quantifying ocean carbon flux and sequestration, but it does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment aimed at stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (WO2025/203363)|2 | (WO2025/203363)|2 | (WO2025/203363)|4 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (WO2025/203363)|4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (WO2025/203363)|Number of Claims: NCL=4|Extended kind: EXTK=x| | (WO2025/203363)|JAPANESE (JPN) | (WO2025203363)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 49 | CN202320552032U | CN202320552032U | CN219328789 | 105691220 | CN219328789 U 2023-07-11 [CN219328789U] | 2023-03-21 | 2023-03-21 | 2023-07-11 | (CN219328789U)|2023-07-11 | (CN219328789)|2033-03-21 | (CN219328789)|Underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sequestration | (CN219328789)|The utility model relates to the technical field of underwater robots, and discloses a marine carbon sink observation underwater intelligent robot which comprises an underwater intelligent robot body, a detection box is installed at the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body, and three detection cavities are formed in the detection box. And test rods are fixedly mounted on the inner top walls of the three detection cavities, and the top ends of the three test rods are fixedly connected with the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body. According to the underwater intelligent robot for observing the ocean carbon sink, after the underwater robot dives into the ocean, a first water pump is started, a water inlet pipe at the bottom of a detection box pumps seawater and inputs the seawater into a detection cavity on the left side, the three detection cavities are in a step shape, and every two adjacent detection cavities communicate with each other; the three detection cavities are filled with seawater, so that water is conveyed to the right detection cavity after the left detection cavity is full of the seawater until the three detection cavities are full of the seawater, and the seawater in the three detection cavities is detected through the three test rods, so that automatic grouping detection operation of the seawater is facilitated. | SHENZHEN YUCHI ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY | (CN219328789)|SHENZHEN YUCHI ENVIRONMENT TECH CO LTD ([CN]) | HE SHU|WANG JUN|LI SONGBO | (CN219328789)|HE SHU|WANG JUN|LI SONGBO | (CN219328789)|YANG WEIHE;Shenzhen Zhiyihuizhong Intellectual Property Agency Co., Ltd.|Reg. Nb: 44973 | (CN219328789)|Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides an underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sink, which has the advantages of underwater detection, automatic grouping detection, simple operation and the like, and solves the problems that the seawater extracted by the current underwater robot can be detected only after the robot is on shore, the detection of the seawater can not be directly finished under water, the grouping detection is required to be carried out manually during the seawater detection, and the operation is complicated.|Therefore, it is necessary to design an automatic grouping detection ocean carbon sink observation underwater intelligent robot.|The underwater robot is an extreme operation robot working under water, the underwater environment is severe and dangerous, the diving depth of a person is limited, and therefore the underwater robot has become an important tool for developing the ocean.| | (CN219328789)|1. The utility model provides an ocean carbon sink observes intelligent robot under water, includes intelligent robot body (1) under water, its characterized in that: the intelligent robot body under water (1) installs detection case (2) in the bottom, three detection chamber (3) have been seted up to the inside of detection case (2), three the equal fixed mounting of interior roof in detection chamber (3) has test rod (4), three the top of test rod (4) and the bottom fixed connection of intelligent robot body under water (1), the inside fixed mounting of detection case (2) has first water pump (5) and second water pump (6), the left side the top fixed mounting of detection chamber (3) left side inner wall has connecting pipe (7), the left end of connecting pipe (7) and the output fixed communication of first water pump (5), three the equal fixed mounting in bottom of detection chamber (3) right side inner wall has branch pipe (8), the three the right-hand member of branch pipe (8) and the input fixed communication of second water pump (6).| | (CN219328789)|The utility model relates to the technical field of underwater robots, and discloses an underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sink, which comprises an underwater intelligent robot body, wherein a detection box is arranged at the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body, three detection cavities are formed in the detection box, test bars are fixedly arranged on the inner top walls of the three detection cavities, and the top ends of the three test bars are fixedly connected with the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body. This ocean carbon sink surveys intelligent robot under water, submergence through the robot under water is in the ocean back, starts first water pump, makes the inlet tube extraction sea water of detecting the case bottom and input to left detection intracavity, because three detection chambeies are echelonment, and adjacent two detection chambeies intercommunication each other for the left side detects the intracavity sea water and fully back right side detection chamber water delivery, all is full of the sea water until three detection intracavity, detects the sea water of three detection intracavity through three test bars, thereby the automatic grouping detection operation of sea water of being convenient for.| | (CN219328789)|INTELLIGENT ROBOT(100,39)|UNDERWATER INTELLIGENT ROBOT(100,22)|CARBON SINK(100,18)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(100,7)|OBSERVING OCEAN CARBON SINK(100,5)|SEA OBSERVATION(100,5)|DETECTION CHAMBEY INTERCOMMUNICATION(61,1)|INTRACAVITY SEAWATER(54,1)|UNDERWATER ROBOT(51,16)|DETECTION CHAMBEY(49,2)|DETECTION INTRACAVITY SEAWATER(39,4)|DETECTION INTRACAVITY(36,6)|DETECTION CHAMBER(31,14)|PERSON DIVING DEPTH(31,1)|INLET TUBE EXTRACTION SEAWATER(28,2)|SEAWATER DETECTION(27,6)|MARINE CARBON SINK(25,4)|DIVING(25,1)|UNDERWATER DETECTION(25,1)|UNDERWATER ENVIRONMENT(25,1)|DETECTION BOX(24,4)|GROUPING DETECTION(24,1)|ROBOT(23,2)|DETECTION OCEAN(23,1)|SUBMERGENCE(22,1)|DETECTION CAVITY(21,20)|DETECTION OCEAN CARBON SINK(21,1)|INLET TUBE(20,7)|LEFT DETECTION INTRACAVITY(19,2)|DETECTION CHAMBER MOUNTING(19,1)|TEST BAR(19,1)|SEAWATER(18,36)|ROOF INTERIOR(18,2)|OCEAN BACK(18,1)|ECHELONMENT(17,2)|BRANCH PIPE(16,5)|ILLUMINATING LAMP(16,2)|WATER PUMP(11,33)|DETECTION CASE(11,11)|SEA(10,11)|EQUAL FIXED MOUNTING(10,4)|OPERATION ROBOT(10,1)|SEAWATER DETECTION OPERATION(9,3)|TEST ROD(8,8)|LADDER SHAPE(8,5)|BACK RIGHT(8,1)|CONNECTING PIPE(7,9)|INPUT CONSTANT COMMUNICATION(7,2)|OUTPUT CONSTANT COMMUNICATION(7,2)|DRAIN PIPE(6,12)|CAMERA(6,5)|ADJACENT DETECTION CAVITY(6,4)|DETECTION CASE MOUNTING(5,3)|DETECTION OPERATION(5,3)|TOP WALL(5,2)|PRECISE DETECTION EQUIPMENT(4,4)|INNER TOP WALL(4,2)|TEST STICK(3,3)|BOTTOM FIXED CONNECTION(3,2)|CASE BOTTOM(3,2)|RELEVANT DETECTION(3,2)|ADJACENT DETECTION CHAMBEY INTERCOMMUNICATION(3,1)|LAMP LIGHTING(3,1)|WATER INLET PIPE(2,5)|LEFT DETECTION CAVITY(2,4)|INSPECTION INLET TUBE(2,1)|INSPECTION MOUNTING(2,1)| | (CN219328789)|1. The utility model provides an ocean carbon sink observes intelligent robot under water, includes intelligent robot body (1) under water, its characterized in that: the intelligent robot body under water (1) installs detection case (2) in the bottom, three detection chamber (3) have been seted up to the inside of detection case (2), three the equal fixed mounting of interior roof in detection chamber (3) has test rod (4), three the top of test rod (4) and the bottom fixed connection of intelligent robot body under water (1), the inside fixed mounting of detection case (2) has first water pump (5) and second water pump (6), the left side the top fixed mounting of detection chamber (3) left side inner wall has connecting pipe (7), the left end of connecting pipe (7) and the output fixed communication of first water pump (5), three the equal fixed mounting in bottom of detection chamber (3) right side inner wall has branch pipe (8), the three the right-hand member of branch pipe (8) and the input fixed communication of second water pump (6).|2. The marine carbon sink observing underwater intelligent robot of claim 1, wherein: the intelligent robot is characterized in that a camera (9) is arranged on the left side of the intelligent robot body (1), and illuminating lamps (10) are arranged on the front side and the back side of the left side of the intelligent robot body (1).|3. The marine carbon sink observing underwater intelligent robot of claim 1, wherein: the three detection cavities (3) are in a ladder shape, and two adjacent detection cavities (3) are mutually communicated.|4. The marine carbon sink observing underwater intelligent robot of claim 1, wherein: the left side of detection case (2) bottom fixed mounting has inlet tube (11), the top of inlet tube (11) is fixed intercommunication with the input of first water pump (5).|5. The marine carbon sink observing underwater intelligent robot of claim 1, wherein: the right side of detection case (2) bottom fixed mounting has drain pipe (12), the top of drain pipe (12) is fixed intercommunication with the output of second water pump (6). | (CN219328789)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of underwater robots, in particular to an underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sink.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The underwater robot is an extreme operation robot working under water, the underwater environment is severe and dangerous, the diving depth of a person is limited, and therefore the underwater robot has become an important tool for developing the ocean. When the ocean carbon sink is observed, the underwater robot is immersed in the ocean to extract and carry the sea water at the deep ocean bottom, the sea water extracted at the deep ocean bottom is detected after the underwater robot is on shore, the detection of the sea water cannot be directly finished under the water, and the sea water is required to be manually detected in groups during the detection of the sea water, so that the operation is complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to design an automatic grouping detection ocean carbon sink observation underwater intelligent robot.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0003] (one) solving the technical problems|[0004] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides an underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sink, which has the advantages of underwater detection, automatic grouping detection, simple operation and the like, and solves the problems that the seawater extracted by the current underwater robot can be detected only after the robot is on shore, the detection of the seawater can not be directly finished under water, the grouping detection is required to be carried out manually during the seawater detection, and the operation is complicated.|[0005] (II) technical scheme|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides an intelligent robot under sea carbon sink observation, includes intelligent robot body under water, the detection case is installed to the bottom of intelligent robot body under water, three detection chamber has been seted up to the inside of detection case, and is three the equal fixed mounting of interior roof in detection chamber has the test rod, and is three the top of test rod and the bottom fixed connection of intelligent robot body under water, the inside fixed mounting of detection case has first water pump and second water pump, the left side the top fixed mounting of detection chamber left side inner wall has the connecting pipe, the left end and the output fixed communication of first water pump of connecting pipe, three the equal fixed mounting in bottom of detection chamber right side inner wall have the branch pipe, three the right-hand member of branch pipe and the input fixed communication of second water pump.|[0007] Preferably, the left side of intelligent robot body under water is provided with the camera, the front of intelligent robot body under water left side and back all are provided with the light, observe through the camera after intelligent robot under water submerges in the ocean, and both sides light plays the effect of illumination and supplementary observation.|[0008] Preferably, three detection cavities are in a ladder shape, two adjacent detection cavities are communicated with each other, the left detection cavity can be used for conveying water to the right detection cavity after being full of seawater until the three detection cavities are full of seawater, so that the underwater robot can extract the seawater and detect the seawater in groups.|[0009] Preferably, the left side fixed mounting of inspection bottom of the case portion has the inlet tube, the top of inlet tube and the input fixed intercommunication of first water pump, starts first water pump and makes the inlet tube of inspection bottom of the case portion extract the sea water and input to the detection intracavity of left side, is convenient for the extraction operation before the sea water detects.|[0010] Preferably, the right side of detecting the bottom of the case portion is fixedly provided with a drain pipe, the top of the drain pipe is fixedly communicated with the output end of the second water pump, after the seawater detection is completed, the second water pump is started to enable the three branch pipes to respectively pump out the seawater in the three detecting cavities, and the seawater is discharged to the ocean from the drain pipe at the bottom of the detecting case.|[0011] Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides the ocean carbon sink observation underwater intelligent robot, which has the following beneficial effects:|[0012] 1. this ocean carbon sink surveys intelligent robot under water, through setting up detection chamber, the test stick, first water pump and connecting pipe, after underwater robot submerges the ocean, start first water pump, make the inlet tube extraction sea water of detection bottom of the case portion and input to left detection intracavity, because three detection chamber is echelonment, and two adjacent detection chambeies intercommunication each other, make left side detection intracavity sea water full back detect the chamber water delivery to the right side, until three detection intracavity all is full of sea water, detect the sea water of three detection intracavity through three test stick, thereby the automatic grouping detection operation of sea water of being convenient for.|[0013] 2. This ocean carbon sink surveys intelligent robot under water through setting up second water pump, branch pipe and drain pipe, and after the sea water detected, starts the second water pump and makes three branch pipes take out the sea water of three detection intracavity respectively to in the drain pipe discharge to the ocean from the detection case bottom, thereby the underwater detection operation of the underwater robot of being convenient for.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0014] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present utility model;|[0015] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 1A according to the present utility model;|[0016] fig. 3 is a bottom view of the structure of the present utility model.|[0017] Wherein: 1. an underwater intelligent robot body; 2. a detection box; 3. a detection chamber; 4. a test stick; 5. a first water pump; 6. a second water pump; 7. a connecting pipe; 8. a branch pipe; 9. a camera; 10. a lighting lamp; 11. a water inlet pipe; 12. and (5) a water drain pipe.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0018] The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.|[0019] Referring to fig. 1-3, an underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sink comprises an underwater intelligent robot body 1, wherein a camera 9 is arranged on the left side of the underwater intelligent robot body 1, illuminating lamps 10 are arranged on the front and the back of the left side of the underwater intelligent robot body 1, a detection box 2 is arranged at the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body 1, three detection cavities 3 are arranged in the detection box 2, a test rod 4 is fixedly arranged on the inner top wall of the three detection cavities 3, the top ends of the three test rods 4 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body 1, precise detection equipment is arranged in the underwater intelligent robot body 1, seawater in the detection cavities 3 is tested through the test rod 4 connected under the precise detection equipment, the three detection cavities 3 are in a ladder shape, two adjacent detection cavities 3 are mutually communicated, the inside of the detection box 2 is fixedly provided with a first water pump 5 and a second water pump 6, the left side of the bottom of the detection box 2 is fixedly provided with a water inlet pipe 11, the top end of the water inlet pipe 11 is fixedly communicated with the input end of the first water pump 5, the top of the left inner wall of the left detection cavity 3 is fixedly provided with a connecting pipe 7, the left end of the connecting pipe 7 is fixedly communicated with the output end of the first water pump 5, a detection cavity 3, a test rod 4, the first water pump 5 and the connecting pipe 7 are arranged, after the underwater robot submerges in the sea, the first water pump 5 is started, the water inlet pipe 11 at the bottom of the detection box 2 is used for pumping seawater and inputting the seawater into the left detection cavity 3, as the three detection cavities 3 are in a ladder shape, and the adjacent two detection cavities 3 are mutually communicated, the left detection cavity 3 is filled with seawater to the right detection cavity 3 until the three detection cavities 3 are filled with seawater, by starting the precise detection equipment in the underwater robot, can make three test rod 4 carry out the relevant detection to the sea water in the three detection chamber 3 to the automatic grouping detection operation of sea water is convenient for, and the bottom of the inner wall of three detection chamber 3 right side is all fixed mounting has branch pipe 8, and the right-hand member of three branch pipe 8 and the input of second water pump 6 are fixed to be linked together, and the right side fixed mounting of detection case 2 bottom has drain pipe 12, and the top of drain pipe 12 and the output of second water pump 6 are fixed to be linked together, set up second water pump 6, branch pipe 8 and drain pipe 12, and after the sea water detected, start second water pump 6 and make three branch pipe 8 take out the sea water in the three detection chamber 3 respectively, and discharge to the ocean from the drain pipe 12 of detection case 2 bottom, thereby the underwater detection operation of the underwater robot of being convenient for.|[0020] When the underwater robot is used, after submerging into the ocean, the first water pump 5 is started, the water inlet pipe 11 at the bottom of the detection box 2 is used for pumping seawater and inputting the seawater into the detection cavity 3 at the left side, and as the three detection cavities 3 are in a ladder shape and the two adjacent detection cavities 3 are communicated with each other, the seawater in the detection cavity 3 at the left side is fully filled with the seawater, and then the seawater in the detection cavity 3 at the right side is transported until the three detection cavities 3 are fully filled with the seawater, and the three test bars 4 can perform relevant detection on the seawater in the three detection cavities 3 by starting the precise detection equipment in the underwater robot; after the seawater detection is completed, the second water pump 6 is started to enable the three branch pipes 8 to respectively pump out the seawater in the three detection cavities 3, and the seawater is discharged into the ocean from the drain pipe 12 at the bottom of the detection box 2. The underwater intelligent robot for observing the ocean carbon sink can directly extract seawater in the ocean and detect the seawater in groups without carrying the seawater and manually detecting the seawater on the shore, thereby being convenient for the underwater detection operation of the underwater robot.|[0021] Although embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. | (CN219328789)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of underwater robots, in particular to an underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sink.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The underwater robot is an extreme operation robot working under water, the underwater environment is severe and dangerous, the diving depth of a person is limited, and therefore the underwater robot has become an important tool for developing the ocean. When the ocean carbon sink is observed, the underwater robot is immersed in the ocean to extract and carry the sea water at the deep ocean bottom, the sea water extracted at the deep ocean bottom is detected after the underwater robot is on shore, the detection of the sea water cannot be directly finished under the water, and the sea water is required to be manually detected in groups during the detection of the sea water, so that the operation is complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to design an automatic grouping detection ocean carbon sink observation underwater intelligent robot.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0003] (one) solving the technical problems|[0004] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides an underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sink, which has the advantages of underwater detection, automatic grouping detection, simple operation and the like, and solves the problems that the seawater extracted by the current underwater robot can be detected only after the robot is on shore, the detection of the seawater can not be directly finished under water, the grouping detection is required to be carried out manually during the seawater detection, and the operation is complicated.|[0005] (II) technical scheme|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides an intelligent robot under sea carbon sink observation, includes intelligent robot body under water, the detection case is installed to the bottom of intelligent robot body under water, three detection chamber has been seted up to the inside of detection case, and is three the equal fixed mounting of interior roof in detection chamber has the test rod, and is three the top of test rod and the bottom fixed connection of intelligent robot body under water, the inside fixed mounting of detection case has first water pump and second water pump, the left side the top fixed mounting of detection chamber left side inner wall has the connecting pipe, the left end and the output fixed communication of first water pump of connecting pipe, three the equal fixed mounting in bottom of detection chamber right side inner wall have the branch pipe, three the right-hand member of branch pipe and the input fixed communication of second water pump.|[0007] Preferably, the left side of intelligent robot body under water is provided with the camera, the front of intelligent robot body under water left side and back all are provided with the light, observe through the camera after intelligent robot under water submerges in the ocean, and both sides light plays the effect of illumination and supplementary observation.|[0008] Preferably, three detection cavities are in a ladder shape, two adjacent detection cavities are communicated with each other, the left detection cavity can be used for conveying water to the right detection cavity after being full of seawater until the three detection cavities are full of seawater, so that the underwater robot can extract the seawater and detect the seawater in groups.|[0009] Preferably, the left side fixed mounting of inspection bottom of the case portion has the inlet tube, the top of inlet tube and the input fixed intercommunication of first water pump, starts first water pump and makes the inlet tube of inspection bottom of the case portion extract the sea water and input to the detection intracavity of left side, is convenient for the extraction operation before the sea water detects.|[0010] Preferably, the right side of detecting the bottom of the case portion is fixedly provided with a drain pipe, the top of the drain pipe is fixedly communicated with the output end of the second water pump, after the seawater detection is completed, the second water pump is started to enable the three branch pipes to respectively pump out the seawater in the three detecting cavities, and the seawater is discharged to the ocean from the drain pipe at the bottom of the detecting case.|[0011] Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides the ocean carbon sink observation underwater intelligent robot, which has the following beneficial effects:|[0012] 1. this ocean carbon sink surveys intelligent robot under water, through setting up detection chamber, the test stick, first water pump and connecting pipe, after underwater robot submerges the ocean, start first water pump, make the inlet tube extraction sea water of detection bottom of the case portion and input to left detection intracavity, because three detection chamber is echelonment, and two adjacent detection chambeies intercommunication each other, make left side detection intracavity sea water full back detect the chamber water delivery to the right side, until three detection intracavity all is full of sea water, detect the sea water of three detection intracavity through three test stick, thereby the automatic grouping detection operation of sea water of being convenient for.|[0013] 2. This ocean carbon sink surveys intelligent robot under water through setting up second water pump, branch pipe and drain pipe, and after the sea water detected, starts the second water pump and makes three branch pipes take out the sea water of three detection intracavity respectively to in the drain pipe discharge to the ocean from the detection case bottom, thereby the underwater detection operation of the underwater robot of being convenient for.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0014] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present utility model;|[0015] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 1A according to the present utility model;|[0016] fig. 3 is a bottom view of the structure of the present utility model.|[0017] Wherein: 1. an underwater intelligent robot body; 2. a detection box; 3. a detection chamber; 4. a test stick; 5. a first water pump; 6. a second water pump; 7. a connecting pipe; 8. a branch pipe; 9. a camera; 10. a lighting lamp; 11. a water inlet pipe; 12. and (5) a water drain pipe.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0018] The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.|[0019] Referring to fig. 1-3, an underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sink comprises an underwater intelligent robot body 1, wherein a camera 9 is arranged on the left side of the underwater intelligent robot body 1, illuminating lamps 10 are arranged on the front and the back of the left side of the underwater intelligent robot body 1, a detection box 2 is arranged at the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body 1, three detection cavities 3 are arranged in the detection box 2, a test rod 4 is fixedly arranged on the inner top wall of the three detection cavities 3, the top ends of the three test rods 4 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body 1, precise detection equipment is arranged in the underwater intelligent robot body 1, seawater in the detection cavities 3 is tested through the test rod 4 connected under the precise detection equipment, the three detection cavities 3 are in a ladder shape, two adjacent detection cavities 3 are mutually communicated, the inside of the detection box 2 is fixedly provided with a first water pump 5 and a second water pump 6, the left side of the bottom of the detection box 2 is fixedly provided with a water inlet pipe 11, the top end of the water inlet pipe 11 is fixedly communicated with the input end of the first water pump 5, the top of the left inner wall of the left detection cavity 3 is fixedly provided with a connecting pipe 7, the left end of the connecting pipe 7 is fixedly communicated with the output end of the first water pump 5, a detection cavity 3, a test rod 4, the first water pump 5 and the connecting pipe 7 are arranged, after the underwater robot submerges in the sea, the first water pump 5 is started, the water inlet pipe 11 at the bottom of the detection box 2 is used for pumping seawater and inputting the seawater into the left detection cavity 3, as the three detection cavities 3 are in a ladder shape, and the adjacent two detection cavities 3 are mutually communicated, the left detection cavity 3 is filled with seawater to the right detection cavity 3 until the three detection cavities 3 are filled with seawater, by starting the precise detection equipment in the underwater robot, can make three test rod 4 carry out the relevant detection to the sea water in the three detection chamber 3 to the automatic grouping detection operation of sea water is convenient for, and the bottom of the inner wall of three detection chamber 3 right side is all fixed mounting has branch pipe 8, and the right-hand member of three branch pipe 8 and the input of second water pump 6 are fixed to be linked together, and the right side fixed mounting of detection case 2 bottom has drain pipe 12, and the top of drain pipe 12 and the output of second water pump 6 are fixed to be linked together, set up second water pump 6, branch pipe 8 and drain pipe 12, and after the sea water detected, start second water pump 6 and make three branch pipe 8 take out the sea water in the three detection chamber 3 respectively, and discharge to the ocean from the drain pipe 12 of detection case 2 bottom, thereby the underwater detection operation of the underwater robot of being convenient for.|[0020] When the underwater robot is used, after submerging into the ocean, the first water pump 5 is started, the water inlet pipe 11 at the bottom of the detection box 2 is used for pumping seawater and inputting the seawater into the detection cavity 3 at the left side, and as the three detection cavities 3 are in a ladder shape and the two adjacent detection cavities 3 are communicated with each other, the seawater in the detection cavity 3 at the left side is fully filled with the seawater, and then the seawater in the detection cavity 3 at the right side is transported until the three detection cavities 3 are fully filled with the seawater, and the three test bars 4 can perform relevant detection on the seawater in the three detection cavities 3 by starting the precise detection equipment in the underwater robot; after the seawater detection is completed, the second water pump 6 is started to enable the three branch pipes 8 to respectively pump out the seawater in the three detection cavities 3, and the seawater is discharged into the ocean from the drain pipe 12 at the bottom of the detection box 2. The underwater intelligent robot for observing the ocean carbon sink can directly extract seawater in the ocean and detect the seawater in groups without carrying the seawater and manually detecting the seawater on the shore, thereby being convenient for the underwater detection operation of the underwater robot.|[0021] Although embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. | Family Number|(105691220)|105691220|Abstract|(CN219328789U U)|The utility model relates to the technical field of underwater robots , and discloses a marine carbon sink observation underwater intelligent robot which comprises an underwater intelligent robot body , a detection box is installed at the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body , and three detection cavities are formed in the detection box . And test rods are fixedly mounted on the inner top walls of the three detection cavities , and the top ends of the three test rods are fixedly connected with the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body . According to the underwater intelligent robot for observing the ocean carbon sink , after the underwater robot dives into the ocean , a first water pump is started , a water inlet pipe at the bottom of a detection box pumps seawater and inputs the seawater into a detection cavity on the left side , the three detection cavities are in a step shape , and every two adjacent detection cavities communicate with each other ; the three detection cavities are filled with seawater , so that water is conveyed to the right detection cavity after the left detection cavity is full of the seawater until the three detection cavities are full of the seawater , and the seawater in the three detection cavities is detected through the three test rods , so that automatic grouping detection operation of the seawater is facilitated . |Title|(CN219328789U U)|Underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sequestration | | Analysis of biological materials|Transport | B63C-011/52|G01N-001/14|G01N-033/18 | B63C-011/52|G01N-001/14|G01N-033/18 | GRANTED | (CN219328789)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN219328789)|ALIVE | (CN219328789)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN219328789|Actual or expected expiration date=2033-03-21|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-03-21|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202320552032|Application date=2023-03-21|Standardized application number=2023CN-U552032|Event publication date=2023-07-11|Event code=CN/U|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Registered Utility Model|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN219328789|Publication stage code=U|Publication date=2023-07-11|Standardized publication number=CN219328789U|Event publication date=2023-07-11|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN219328789)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=jf59U3ybGzYlVnG/dvM8jaqLeopS8oZMbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000068603165&ekey=2289&xpn=CN219328789U&kind=U | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=aDVT%252FeBNKBV57mxJ4Si4VbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN219328789)|CN | (CN219328789)|NAME=SHENZHEN YUCHI ENVIRONMENT TECH CO LTD , COUNTRY=CN | (CN219328789)|NAME=YANG WEIHE;Shenzhen Zhiyihuizhong Intellectual Property Agency Co., Ltd. , REG=44973 | (CN219328789)|NAME=HE SHU|NAME=WANG JUN|NAME=LI SONGBO | Titre: (CN219328789)|Underwater intelligent robot for observing ocean carbon sequestration Résumé: (CN219328789)|The utility model relates to the technical field of underwater robots, and discloses a marine carbon sink observation underwater intelligent robot which comprises an underwater intelligent robot body, a detection box is installed at the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body, and three detection cavities are formed in the detection box. And test rods are fixedly mounted on the inner top walls of the three detection cavities, and the top ends of the three test rods are fixedly connected with the bottom of the underwater intelligent robot body. According to the underwater intelligent robot for observing the ocean carbon sink, after the underwater robot dives into the ocean, a first water pump is started, a water inlet pipe at the bottom of a detection box pumps seawater and inputs the seawater into a detection cavity on the left side, the three detection cavities are in a step shape, and every two adjacent detection cavities communicate with each other; the three detection cavities are filled with seawater, so that water is conveyed to the right detection cavity after the left detection cavity is full of the seawater until the three detection cavities are full of the seawater, and the seawater in the three detection cavities is detected through the three test rods, so that automatic grouping detection operation of the seawater is facilitated. | 40.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on an underwater robot for observing carbon sequestration, but does not mention iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment aimed at stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN219328789)|1 | (CN219328789)|4 | (CN219328789)|5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN219328789)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN219328789)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-07-11|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-2801|Number of Pages: NPAGES=8| | (CN219328789)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN219328789U)|Utility model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 | CN202310567663 | CN202310567663 | CN116357503|CN116357503 | 105574041 | CN116357503 B 2025-07-29 [CN116357503B]|CN116357503 A 2023-06-30 [CN116357503] | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | 2025-07-29|2023-06-30 | (CN116357503B)|2025-07-29 | (CN116357503)|2043-05-19 | (CN116357503)|System combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology | (CN116357503)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean new energy utilization, in particular to a wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide storage technology combined system which comprises a carbon conveying pipe, a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compression device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device. The carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression device, the carbon dioxide compression device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon conveying pipe, and the carbon outlet end of the carbon conveying pipe is arranged on the deposition layer; the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for being matched with the carbon conveying pipe to convey supercritical carbon dioxide to the deposition layer for sealing and storage. The carbon dioxide collection device, the carbon dioxide compression device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are driven by ocean waves to cooperate with one another to complete carbon sequestration, clean and renewable wave energy provides driving force for carbon dioxide sequestration, and the problem that clean and renewable energy sources cannot be used for carbon sequestration in the prior art is solved. | SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY | (CN116357503)|SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY ([CN])|(CN116357503)|SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY ([CN]) | CHEN WENCHUANG|HUANG ZHENHAI | (CN116357503)|CHEN WENCHUANG|HUANG ZHENHAI|(CN116357503)|CHEN WENCHUANG|HUANG ZHENHAI | (CN116357503)|XIAO XIANGLI;GUANGDONG NORTH AND SOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 44918 | (CN116357503)|To achieve this, it is desirable to control carbon dioxide emissions during energy production, transportation and use, for example, by sequestration techniques.|As early as the 80 s of the 20 th century, scientific research reveals that the climate change process caused by the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide disturbs the evolution rhythm of the earth system, even threatens the sustainable development of human beings, and causes the problems of glacier melting, sea level rising, frequent extreme weather and high gas temperature rising, grain yield influence and the like.|The patent with publication number CN111075525A discloses a deep sea carbon sequestration and power generation system, the system carries out waste heat power generation and carbon dioxide stripping on the coastal power plant waste gas, the stripped carbon dioxide is applied to submarine geothermal Brayton cycle and finally stored in deep sea sequestration holes, a wave power generation device in the system provides power for a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor, but the whole system depends on the waste gas discharged by a coal-fired power plant and the like, and the future deep sea operation requirement cannot be met, namely the prior art cannot seal and store through clean renewable energy.Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present solution provides a system that combines the utilization of wave energy with the carbon dioxide sequestration technology, including carbon transmission tube and carbon dioxide collection device driven by ocean waves, carbon dioxide compression device and supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the core thinking is that this clean renewable energy source of wave energy is utilized to carry out carbon sequestration, namely carbon dioxide is collected through wave energy driven carbon dioxide collection device, carbon dioxide after collection is compressed through wave energy driven carbon dioxide compression device, carbon dioxide after compression is led to wave energy driven supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device to make carbon dioxide in supercritical state, and finally carbon sequestration is realized through carbon transmission tube transportation to sedimentary layer, the problem that carbon sequestration cannot be realized through clean renewable energy source in the prior art is solved, and the problem that carbon is easy to leak is also solved simultaneously.|There are many attempts to combine the foregoing carbon dioxide sequestration technology with other production activities, mainly combining the land carbon dioxide sequestration with geothermal energy, however, because land resources are precious, ensuring that the long-term storage of carbon dioxide in land formations requires detailed knowledge of the structural geology, and the cost of subsequent maintenance monitoring of the formations is not sufficient, so future research centers may be shifted from land to deep sea, a deep sea carbon sequestration and power generation system is disclosed in the patent with publication number CN111075525A, the system generates power by waste heat from the off-shore power plant exhaust gas and strips carbon dioxide, the stripped carbon dioxide is applied to the subsea geothermal brayton cycle, and finally stored in the deep sea sequestration cavity, the wave power generation device in the system provides power for the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor, but the whole system relies on the exhaust gas discharged by a power plant and the like, and the wave energy resources on the shore are limited, so that the future deep sea operation requirements cannot be met, and a synchronization device and method for offshore exploitation and supercritical carbon dioxide sequestration are disclosed in the patent with publication number CN114278257a, the deep sea carbon dioxide sequestration system comprises offshore production platform, the carbon dioxide sequestration system and the carbon dioxide sequestration system can be used for the exploitation of coal-fired coal-carbon dioxide, and the coal-gas and the carbon dioxide may have high requirements for the formation sequestration by the fracture.| | (CN116357503)|1. A system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sequestration technology is characterized in that,Comprises a carbon conveying pipe, a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compression device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device; The carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the carbon dioxide compressing device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon transmission pipe, and an outlet of the carbon transmission pipe is arranged in the sediment layer; The supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for conveying supercritical carbon dioxide to the deposit layer through the carbon conveying pipe for sealing; The carbon dioxide compression device comprises a first floater mechanism, a first piston mechanism and a second piston mechanism; The other end of the first float mechanism is arranged in the first piston mechanism, the first piston mechanism is communicated with the second piston mechanism, and the carbon dioxide collecting device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are communicated through the second piston mechanism; under the pushing of ocean waves, the first floater mechanism drives the first piston mechanism to perform piston motion so as to press fluid in the first piston mechanism to the second piston mechanism; the second piston mechanism is pushed by the fluid to compress the carbon dioxide introduced from the collecting cylinder through piston movement and convey the carbon dioxide to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device; the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device comprises a storage tank, a second floater mechanism and a third piston mechanism; The storage tank is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression device and the third piston mechanism, the other end of the second float mechanism is arranged in the third piston mechanism, and the third piston mechanism is communicated with the carbon conveying pipe; Under the pushing of ocean waves, the second floater mechanism drives the third piston mechanism to move in a piston mode, and supercritical carbon dioxide in the third piston mechanism is conveyed to the carbon conveying pipe. | | (CN116357503)|The invention aims to provide a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology, which solves the problem that the existing carbon sealing system cannot seal carbon by only utilizing clean renewable energy sources.In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology, which comprises a carbon dioxide conveying pipe, a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compressing device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, wherein the carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the carbon dioxide compressing device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon dioxide conveying pipe, an outlet of the carbon dioxide conveying pipe is arranged in a sediment layer, and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for conveying supercritical carbon dioxide to the sediment layer for sealing through the carbon dioxide conveying pipe.|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean new energy utilization, in particular to a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology, which comprises a carbon transmission pipe, a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compression device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, wherein the carbon dioxide collecting device is driven by ocean waves; the carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the carbon dioxide compressing device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon conveying pipe, the carbon outlet end of the carbon conveying pipe is arranged on the sediment layer, and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for conveying supercritical carbon dioxide to the sediment layer to seal and store in cooperation with the carbon conveying pipe.|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean new energy utilization, in particular to a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sequestration technology.| | (CN116357503)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,223)|CARBON DIOXIDE PUMPING(100,36)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(100,13)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEALING(100,12)|WAVE ENERGY UTILIZATION(100,7)|FLOATER(67,8)|SEDIMENT LAYER(66,7)|CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRESSING(64,18)|GEOTHERMAL BRAYTON CYCLE(60,2)|OFFSHORE EXPLOITATION(60,1)|CONVEYING PIPE(55,4)|SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE(54,23)|EVOLUTION RHYTHM(54,1)|DEEP SEA SEQUESTRATION CAVITY(53,1)|PISTON CYLINDER(52,32)|CARBON TRANSMISSION PIPE(52,16)|CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRESSION(51,19)|SPHERICAL SWITCH VALVE(49,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONVEYING PIPE(49,3)|OCEAN WAVE(47,17)|HEMISPHERICAL FLOAT(47,4)|COMMUNICATION CAVITY(46,25)|HEAVE FLOAT(46,5)|SEQUESTRATION CAVITY(46,1)|OCEAN WAVE PUSHING(45,6)|DEEP SEA SEQUESTRATION HOLE(45,1)|GLACIER MELTING(44,1)|CORE THINKING(42,1)|COLLECTION CYLINDER(41,23)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(40,12)|FORMATION SEQUESTRATION(39,1)|SEQUESTRATION HOLE(39,1)|SEQUESTRATION(38,3)|FREQUENT EXTREME WEATHER(38,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRESSOR(37,2)|GRAIN YIELD(37,1)|DEEP SEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION(36,3)|OCEAN NEW ENERGY UTILIZATION(36,2)|STRIPPED CARBON DIOXIDE(36,2)|CARBON TRANSMISSION PIPE OUTLET(34,1)|COAL FIRED COAL CARBON DIOXIDE(34,1)|COLLECTION CANISTER(34,1)|SLIDABLE PISTON BLOCK(33,7)|PISTON ROD(32,44)|BALL SWITCH VALVE(30,14)|CLEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY(30,1)|REVERSING(29,17)|CENTURY(29,1)|CLEANLY REGENERATED WAVE ENERGY(29,1)|PISTON MODE(28,1)|CARBON TRANSMISSION PIPE PERIPHERY(27,2)|POWER GENERATION(27,2)|EARTH FORMATION(27,1)|SYNCHRONIZATION(27,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE COLLECTION(26,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE STRIPPING(26,1)|CARBON TRANSMISSION TUBE TRANSPORTATION(26,1)|CONTROLLER CONTROL(25,7)|BRAYTON CYCLE(25,2)|COAL CARBON DIOXIDE(25,1)|LAND CARBON DIOXIDE(25,1)|SUBSEA(25,1)|FRACTURE(24,1)|SUBMARINE(24,1)|TRANSPORTATION(24,1)|WAVE ENERGY RESOURCE(24,1)|PISTON MOVEMENT(23,8)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(23,1)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(23,1)|SHORE(23,1)|SPHERICAL SWITCHING VALVE(22,17)|CARBON OUTLET(22,3)|OFFSHORE PRODUCTION PLATFORM(22,3)|EXPLOITATION(22,2)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(22,1)|OIL EXTRACTION PIPE(21,5)|STRIP CARBON DIOXIDE(21,1)|STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY(21,1)|CLEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(20,6)|DEPOSITION LAYER(20,3)|EARTH SYSTEM EVOLUTION RHYTHM(20,1)|GAS TEMPERATURE RISING(19,1)|WAVE ENERGY(18,14)|CARBON SEALING(18,4)|DEEP SEA OPERATION REQUIREMENT(18,2)|GEOTHERMAL ENERGY(18,1)|EXHAUST GAS(17,2)|RENEWABLE ENERGY(17,1)|SEA LEVEL RISING(17,1)|CARBON TRANSMISSION TUBE(16,3)|REQUIRING SURGERY(16,2)|WASTE GAS(16,2)|COMPRESS CARBON DIOXIDE(13,4)|POWER PLANT(13,2)|OFFSHORE OILFIELD EXPLOITATION(13,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE(12,1)|MARINE SEDIMENTARY STRATA(12,1)|STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY DETAILED KNOWLEDGE(12,1)|STORAGE TANK(11,13)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(11,8)|OIL PRODUCTION PIPE(11,2)|COAL GAS(11,1)|PUBLICATION NUMBER(11,1)|WASTE HEAT POWER(11,1)|SEDIMENTARY LAYER(10,5)|DETAILED KNOWLEDGE(10,1)|WASTE HEAT(10,1)|SEA PLATFORM(9,2)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE DRILLING PLATFORM(9,2)|WAVE POWER GENERATION(9,2)|GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION(9,1)|POWER PLANT EXHAUST GAS(9,1)|OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN(8,18)|CARBON DELIVERY(8,7)|BUTT SURFACE(8,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE(8,1)|COAL FIRED POWER PLANT(8,1)|CONTROL CARBON DIOXIDE(8,1)|HEAVE FLOATER(8,1)|HEMISPHERICAL FLOATER(8,1)|SEA LEVEL(8,1)|PISTON MOTION(7,5)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(7,2)|OIL SUPPLEMENT(7,2)|CO2 LEAKAGE PREDICTION(7,1)|ENSURING SEQUESTRATION STABILITY(7,1)|LONG TERM STORAGE(7,1)|OFFSHORE OIL EXPLOITATION PLATFORM(7,1)|CARBON TRANSPORT TUBE(6,4)|OIL GAS EXPLOITATION(6,4)|CYLINDER COMMUNICATION(6,2)|FLUID PUSHING(6,2)|UNDERGROUND SAFETY VALVE(6,2)|DEEP SEA SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|EARTH SYSTEM(6,1)|OSCILLATING FLOAT(6,1)|DERRICK(5,3)|DRIVING FORCE(5,2)|OPENING CONTROL(5,2)|CO2 SEQUENCING(5,1)|GEOLOGICAL MEDIA(5,1)|HEMISPHERE SWITCH VALVE(5,1)|HEMISPHERICAL SWITCH VALVE(5,1)|PISTON MECHANISM COMPRESS(5,1)|ROCK PORE(5,1)|UNRELIABLE SEALING(5,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(4,2)|CREEPING(4,2)|DEEP SEA CARBON(4,2)|HEATING STATION(4,2)|IMPURITY(4,2)|ROCK STRATUM(4,2)|TOWER CRANE(4,2)|COMPRESSION VALVE(4,1)|GAS FLOWMETER(4,1)|KEY ISSUE(4,1)|OIL EXPLOITATION PIPE(4,1)|OIL VIBRATION(4,1)|PARAFFIN REMOVAL GATE(4,1)|SEDIMENTARY FORMATION DEPTH(4,1)|STABLE SEDIMENT LAYER(4,1)|STRATUM GAP(4,1)|PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE(3,12)|OIL TANK(3,10)|CHECK VALVE(3,4)|LIQUID INLET PIPE(3,3)|OIL RECOVERY TUBE(3,3)|COARSE OIL FILTER(3,2)|ACCESSORY(3,1)|ANNULAR ARRAY(3,1)|AUXILIARY ENERGY ACCUMULATOR(3,1)|BUOYANCY(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSMISSION PIPELINE(3,1)|CARBON SEAL(3,1)|CHRISTMAS TREE(3,1)|CIRCULATION(3,1)||(CN116357503)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,230)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(100,14)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEALING(100,10)|WAVE ENERGY UTILIZATION(100,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE PUMPING(96,38)|OFFSHORE OILFIELD EXPLOITATION(85,2)|CARBON TRANSMISSION PIPE(74,16)|CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRESSING(68,17)|SEDIMENT LAYER(63,6)|GEOTHERMAL BRAYTON CYCLE(63,2)|EVOLUTION RHYTHM(57,1)|DEEP SEA SEQUESTRATION CAVITY(56,1)|PISTON CYLINDER(55,31)|SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE(53,25)|SEQUESTRATION CAVITY(49,1)|COMMUNICATION CAVITY(48,26)|HEAVE FLOAT(48,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRESSION(47,21)|DEEP SEA SEQUESTRATION HOLE(47,1)|GLACIER MELTING(47,1)|HEMISPHERICAL FLOAT(46,7)|CARBON TRANSMISSION PIPE OUTLET(46,2)|OCEAN WAVE(44,17)|COAST(44,3)|CORE THINKING(44,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(42,12)|SPHERICAL SWITCH VALVE(42,8)|SEQUESTRATION(40,3)|FREQUENT EXTREME WEATHER(40,1)|SEQUESTRATION HOLE(40,1)|COLLECTION CYLINDER(39,21)|CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRESSOR(39,2)|GRAIN YIELD(39,1)|STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY KNOWLEDGE(39,1)|DEEP SEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION(38,3)|OCEAN NEW ENERGY UTILIZATION(38,2)|PISTON ROD(34,44)|SLIDABLE PISTON BLOCK(33,8)|OCEAN WAVE PUSHING(32,6)|SEQUESTERED CARBON DIOXIDE(32,1)|REVERSING(31,17)|BALL SWITCH VALVE(31,14)|CENTURY(31,1)|CLEANLY REGENERATED WAVE ENERGY(31,1)|CONTROLLER CONTROL(30,9)|STRATUM GAP(30,2)|CLEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY(29,1)|EARTH FORMATION(29,1)|DEPOSITION LAYER(28,6)|COLLECTION CANISTER(28,3)|CARBON TRANSMISSION PIPE PERIPHERY(28,2)|POWER GENERATION(28,2)|CARBON TRANSMISSION TUBE TRANSPORTATION(28,1)|SUBMARINE(28,1)|CARBON TRANSMISSION TUBE(27,5)|BRAYTON CYCLE(27,2)|OIL GAS EXPLOITATION(26,6)|STRIPPED CARBON DIOXIDE(26,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE COLLECTION(25,7)|LAND CARBON DIOXIDE(25,1)|TRANSPORTATION(25,1)|WAVE ENERGY RESOURCE(25,1)|CARBON OUTLET(24,3)|OFFSHORE PRODUCTION PLATFORM(24,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(24,1)|OIL EXTRACTION PIPE(23,4)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(23,1)|WASTE GAS(22,4)|EARTH SYSTEM EVOLUTION RHYTHM(21,1)|STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY(21,1)|WAVE ENERGY(20,18)|PISTON MOVEMENT(20,12)|CLEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(20,7)|CARBON SEALING(20,3)|GAS TEMPERATURE RISING(20,1)|DEEP SEA OPERATION REQUIREMENT(19,2)|STRATUM(19,2)|GEOTHERMAL ENERGY(19,1)|REQUIRING SURGERY(17,2)|LAND AREA RESOURCE(17,1)|SEA LEVEL RISING(17,1)|CRACK(16,2)|WASTE HEAT(15,2)|SEDIMENTARY LAYER(15,1)|COMPRESS CARBON DIOXIDE(14,3)|POWER PLANT(14,2)|PISTON MODE(13,3)|CLIMATE CHANGE(13,1)|MARINE SEDIMENTARY STRATA(13,1)|COAL FIRED POWER PLANT(12,2)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(11,9)|OIL PRODUCTION PIPE(11,2)|SEA PLATFORM(9,2)|WAVE POWER GENERATION(9,2)|OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN(8,18)|CLIMATE CHANGE(8,1)|CONTROL CARBON DIOXIDE(8,1)|GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|HEAVE FLOATER(8,1)|SEA LEVEL(8,1)|BUTT SURFACE(7,2)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(7,2)|OIL SUPPLEMENT(7,2)|POWER PLANT WASTE GAS(7,2)|CO2 LEAKAGE PREDICTION(7,1)|CREEPING PHENOMENA(7,1)|ENSURING SEQUESTRATION STABILITY(7,1)|LONG TERM STORAGE(7,1)|CARBON TRANSPORT TUBE(6,4)|BALL SWITCHING VALVE(6,2)|GAS FLOWMETER(6,2)|OIL EXPLOITATION PIPE(6,2)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE(6,2)|UNDERGROUND SAFETY VALVE(6,2)|DEEP SEA SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|EARTH SYSTEM(6,1)|OSCILLATING FLOAT(6,1)|DERRICK(5,3)|OPENING CONTROL(5,3)|DRIVING FORCE(5,2)|CONVEYING PIPE(5,1)|GEOLOGICAL MEDIA(5,1)|HEMISPHERICAL SWITCH VALVE(5,1)|OIL EXPLOITATION PLATFORM STABILITY(5,1)|ROCK PORE(5,1)|UNRELIABLE SEALING(5,1)|PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE(4,13)|DEEP SEA CARBON(4,2)|DISCONNECTION(4,2)|HEATING STATION(4,2)|IMPURITY(4,2)|MUFFLER(4,2)|ROCK STRATUM(4,2)|SIMULATION(4,2)|TOWER CRANE(4,2)|COMPRESSION VALVE(4,1)|FLUID PUSHING(4,1)|KEY ISSUE(4,1)|OIL VIBRATION(4,1)|PARAFFIN REMOVAL GATE(4,1)|PISTON MOTION(4,1)|SEDIMENTARY FORMATION DEPTH(4,1)|SLIDABLE PISTON(4,1)|STABLE SEDIMENT LAYER(4,1)|SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE(4,1)|LEFT VALVE(3,3)|LIQUID INLET PIPE(3,3)|OIL RECOVERY TUBE(3,3)|RIGHT VALVE(3,3)|AUXILIARY ENERGY RETURN ACCUMULATOR(3,2)|COARSE OIL FILTER(3,2)|ACCESSORY(3,1)|ANNULAR ARRAY(3,1)|BUOYANCY(3,1)|CARBON DELIVERY TUBE PERIPHERY(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(3,1)|CARBON SEAL(3,1)|CHRISTMAS TREE(3,1)|CIRCULATION(3,1)| | (CN116357503)|1. A system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sequestration technology is characterized in that,|Comprises a carbon conveying pipe, a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compression device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device;| The carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the carbon dioxide compressing device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon transmission pipe, and an outlet of the carbon transmission pipe is arranged in the sediment layer; | The supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for conveying supercritical carbon dioxide to the deposit layer through the carbon conveying pipe for sealing; | The carbon dioxide compression device comprises a first floater mechanism, a first piston mechanism and a second piston mechanism; | The other end of the first float mechanism is arranged in the first piston mechanism, the first piston mechanism is communicated with the second piston mechanism, and the carbon dioxide collecting device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are communicated through the second piston mechanism; | under the pushing of ocean waves, the first floater mechanism drives the first piston mechanism to perform piston motion so as to press fluid in the first piston mechanism to the second piston mechanism; | the second piston mechanism is pushed by the fluid to compress the carbon dioxide introduced from the collecting cylinder through piston movement and convey the carbon dioxide to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device; | the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device comprises a storage tank, a second floater mechanism and a third piston mechanism; | The storage tank is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression device and the third piston mechanism, the other end of the second float mechanism is arranged in the third piston mechanism, and the third piston mechanism is communicated with the carbon conveying pipe; | Under the pushing of ocean waves, the second floater mechanism drives the third piston mechanism to move in a piston mode, and supercritical carbon dioxide in the third piston mechanism is conveyed to the carbon conveying pipe. |2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,|The carbon dioxide collecting device comprises a collecting cylinder and an oscillating water column;| the oscillating water column is communicated with the collecting cylinder, and the collecting cylinder is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression device; | The oscillating water column has a chamber at least partially within the water; | the gas in the chamber is compressed and transported to the collection canister under the influence of ocean waves. |3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,|The first float mechanism comprises a plurality of hemispherical floats and a plurality of heave floats, the hemispherical floats are all annularly wound on the periphery of the carbon transmission pipe, and the heave floats are all annularly wound on the periphery of the carbon transmission pipe.|4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,|The first piston mechanism comprises a first piston rod and a first piston cylinder;| The first piston cylinder is communicated with the second piston mechanism; | The first piston cylinder is internally provided with a first slidable piston block, the first piston block is fixedly connected with one end of the first piston rod, the other end of the first piston rod extends out of the first piston cylinder, and the other end of the first piston rod is fixedly connected with the first float mechanism. |5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,|The second piston mechanism comprises a second piston rod and a second piston cylinder;| the second piston cylinder comprises a first cylinder body and a second cylinder body which are not communicated with each other, and the diameter of the first cylinder body is larger than that of the second cylinder body; | The first cylinder body is communicated with the first piston mechanism, a second sliding piston block is arranged in the first cylinder body, and the second piston block is fixedly connected with one end of the second piston rod; | the second cylinder body is communicated with the carbon dioxide collecting device, a third sliding piston block is arranged in the second cylinder body, and the third piston block is fixedly connected with the other end of the second piston rod; | the second piston rod is driven by the fluid to perform piston movement in the first cylinder and the second cylinder so as to compress carbon dioxide in the second cylinder. |6. The system of claim 5, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,|The carbon dioxide compression device also comprises a reversing mechanism;| the first piston mechanism is communicated with the reversing mechanism, the reversing mechanism is communicated with two ends of the first cylinder body, and the reversing mechanism is used for controlling the driving direction of the fluid in the first cylinder body. |7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,|The third piston mechanism comprises a third piston rod, a third piston cylinder, a communication cavity, a first ball-type switch valve and a second ball-type switch valve;| the third piston cylinder comprises a third cylinder body and a fourth cylinder body which are spaced, and the third cylinder body is communicated with the fourth cylinder body; | A fourth sliding piston block is arranged in the third cylinder body, the fourth piston block is fixedly connected with one end of the third piston rod, the other end of the third piston rod extends out of the third cylinder body, and the other end of the third piston rod is fixedly connected with the second float mechanism; | The third cylinder body is connected with the communication cavity, the first spherical switch valve is arranged between the communication cavity and the third cylinder body, and the first spherical switch valve is used for controlling the communication and disconnection of the third cylinder body and the communication cavity; | The fourth cylinder body is connected with the communication cavity, the second spherical switch valve is arranged between the communication cavity and the fourth cylinder body, and the second spherical switch valve is used for controlling the communication and disconnection of the fourth cylinder body and the communication cavity; | the communication cavity is communicated with the carbon conveying pipe; | The third piston rod is used for performing piston movement in the third cylinder body so as to selectively control the opening of the first ball-type switch valve or the second ball-type switch valve, and the supercritical carbon dioxide of the third cylinder body or the supercritical carbon dioxide of the fourth cylinder body is conveyed into the communication cavity. |8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,|The system also comprises a plurality of oil production pipes;| the plurality of oil extraction pipes are all annularly wound around the carbon transmission pipe, and the plurality of oil extraction pipes are in surface butt with the carbon transmission pipe so as to transfer heat on the plurality of oil extraction pipes to the carbon transmission pipe. | (CN116357503)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean new energy utilization, in particular to a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sequestration technology.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] As early as the 80 s of the 20 th century, scientific research reveals that the climate change process caused by the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide disturbs the evolution rhythm of the earth system, even threatens the sustainable development of human beings, and causes the problems of glacier melting, sea level rising, frequent extreme weather and high gas temperature rising, grain yield influence and the like. How to mitigate the long-term impact on the environment while meeting the world's energy demands for economic growth is a key issue in achieving sustainable future. Among them, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during energy production, transmission and use is an important goal. To achieve this, it is desirable to control carbon dioxide emissions during energy production, transportation and use, for example, by sequestration techniques.|[0003] There are many attempts to combine the foregoing carbon dioxide sequestration technology with other production activities, mainly combining the land carbon dioxide sequestration with geothermal energy, however, because land resources are precious, ensuring that the long-term storage of carbon dioxide in land formations requires detailed knowledge of the structural geology, and the cost of subsequent maintenance monitoring of the formations is not sufficient, so future research centers may be shifted from land to deep sea, a deep sea carbon sequestration and power generation system is disclosed in the patent with publication number CN111075525A, the system generates power by waste heat from the off-shore power plant exhaust gas and strips carbon dioxide, the stripped carbon dioxide is applied to the subsea geothermal brayton cycle, and finally stored in the deep sea sequestration cavity, the wave power generation device in the system provides power for the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor, but the whole system relies on the exhaust gas discharged by a power plant and the like, and the wave energy resources on the shore are limited, so that the future deep sea operation requirements cannot be met, and a synchronization device and method for offshore exploitation and supercritical carbon dioxide sequestration are disclosed in the patent with publication number CN114278257a, the deep sea carbon dioxide sequestration system comprises offshore production platform, the carbon dioxide sequestration system and the carbon dioxide sequestration system can be used for the exploitation of coal-fired coal-carbon dioxide, and the coal-gas and the carbon dioxide may have high requirements for the formation sequestration by the fracture.|[0004] In summary, in the prior art, the carbon sequestration technology combined with the ocean platform cannot utilize pure clean renewable energy sources to perform carbon sequestration, so it is of great importance to research a system for performing carbon sequestration by using only clean renewable energy sources.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology, which solves the problem that the existing carbon sealing system cannot seal carbon by only utilizing clean renewable energy sources.|[0006] In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology, which comprises a carbon dioxide conveying pipe, a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compressing device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, wherein the carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the carbon dioxide compressing device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon dioxide conveying pipe, an outlet of the carbon dioxide conveying pipe is arranged in a sediment layer, and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for conveying supercritical carbon dioxide to the sediment layer for sealing through the carbon dioxide conveying pipe.|[0007] In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide collecting device comprises a collecting cylinder and an oscillating water column, wherein the oscillating water column is communicated with the collecting cylinder, the collecting cylinder is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the oscillating water column is provided with a cavity, the cavity is at least partially positioned in water, and gas in the cavity is compressed and conveyed to the collecting cylinder under the action of ocean waves.|[0008] In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide compression device comprises a first floater mechanism, a first piston mechanism and a second piston mechanism, the other end of the first floater mechanism is arranged in the first piston mechanism, the first piston mechanism is communicated with the second piston mechanism, the carbon dioxide collecting device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are communicated through the second piston mechanism, the first floater mechanism drives the first piston mechanism to carry out piston movement under the pushing of ocean waves so as to press fluid in the first piston mechanism to the second piston mechanism, and the second piston mechanism compresses carbon dioxide introduced from the collecting cylinder through piston movement under the pushing of the fluid and conveys the carbon dioxide to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device.|[0009] In one embodiment, the first float mechanism includes a plurality of hemispherical floats and a plurality of heave floats, the hemispherical floats are all annularly wound on the periphery of the carbon transmission tube, and the heave floats are all annularly wound on the periphery of the carbon transmission tube.|[0010] In one embodiment, the first piston mechanism comprises a first piston rod and a first piston cylinder, the first piston cylinder is communicated with the second piston mechanism, a first sliding piston block is arranged in the first piston cylinder and is fixedly connected with one end of the first piston rod, the other end of the first piston rod extends out of the first piston cylinder, and the other end of the first piston rod is fixedly connected with the first float mechanism.|[0011] In one embodiment, the second piston mechanism comprises a second piston rod and a second piston cylinder, the second piston cylinder comprises a first cylinder body and a second cylinder body which are not communicated with each other, the diameter of the first cylinder body is larger than that of the second cylinder body, the first cylinder body is communicated with the first piston mechanism, a second slidable piston block is arranged in the first cylinder body and is fixedly connected with one end of the second piston rod, the second cylinder body is communicated with the carbon dioxide collecting device, a third slidable piston block is arranged in the second cylinder body and is fixedly connected with the other end of the second piston rod, and the second piston rod moves in the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body under the driving of fluid so as to compress carbon dioxide in the second cylinder body.|[0012] In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide compression device further comprises a reversing mechanism, the first piston mechanism is communicated with the reversing mechanism, the reversing mechanism is communicated with two ends of the first cylinder body, and the reversing mechanism is used for controlling the driving direction of the fluid in the first cylinder body.|[0013] In one embodiment, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device comprises a storage tank, a second floater mechanism and a third piston mechanism, wherein the storage tank is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression device and the third piston mechanism, the other end of the second floater mechanism is arranged in the third piston mechanism, the third piston mechanism is communicated with the carbon transmission pipe, and the second floater mechanism drives the third piston mechanism to carry out piston movement under the pushing of ocean waves and conveys the supercritical carbon dioxide in the third piston mechanism to the carbon transmission pipe.|[0014] In one embodiment, the third piston mechanism comprises a third piston rod, a third piston cylinder, a communication cavity, a first ball-type switch valve and a second ball-type switch valve, the third piston cylinder comprises a third cylinder body and a fourth cylinder body which are separated, the third cylinder body is communicated with the fourth cylinder body, a fourth piston block which can slide is arranged in the third cylinder body, the fourth piston block is fixedly connected with one end of the third piston rod, the other end of the third piston rod extends out of the third cylinder body, the other end of the third piston rod is fixedly connected with the second float mechanism, the third cylinder body is connected with the communication cavity, the first ball-type switch valve is arranged between the communication cavity and the third cylinder body, the first ball-type switch valve is used for controlling the communication and disconnection of the third cylinder body and the communication cavity, the second ball-type switch valve is arranged between the communication cavity and the fourth cylinder body, the second ball-type switch valve is used for controlling the communication of the third cylinder body and the communication cavity, the second ball-type switch valve is arranged between the communication cavity and the fourth cylinder body, the ball-type switch valve is used for controlling the communication of the supercritical carbon dioxide or the communication of the third cylinder body and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the communication cavity, the supercritical carbon dioxide transmission pipeline is opened.|[0015] In one embodiment, the carbon transmission device further comprises a plurality of oil extraction pipes, wherein the plurality of oil extraction pipes are annularly wound around the carbon transmission pipe, and the plurality of oil extraction pipes are abutted to the surface of the carbon transmission pipe so as to transfer heat on the plurality of oil extraction pipes to the carbon transmission pipe.|[0016] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0017] The carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the carbon dioxide compressing device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon transmission pipe, the carbon outlet end of the carbon transmission pipe is arranged on a sedimentary layer, and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for transporting supercritical carbon dioxide to the sedimentary layer to seal and store in cooperation with the carbon transmission pipe, so that carbon sealing and storing of carbon dioxide are realized when the carbon dioxide sealing and storing device is applied, carbon dioxide collected by the carbon dioxide collecting device is compressed by the carbon dioxide compressing device, compressed carbon dioxide is led to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device to enable the carbon dioxide to be in a supercritical state, and finally transported to the sedimentary layer by the carbon transmission pipe. |[0018] And because the carbon dioxide collecting device, the carbon dioxide compressing device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are all driven by ocean waves, only clean and regenerated wave energy can be used for providing driving force for carbon dioxide sealing, and the problem that the existing carbon sealing system cannot only utilize clean and renewable energy sources for carbon sealing is practically solved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0020] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention;|[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide compression device, a carbon dioxide collection device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide compression device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0023] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram b of a carbon dioxide compression device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0024] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide compression device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0025] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a carbon dioxide collection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0026] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. |[0027] The reference numerals are as follows:|[0028] a. A1, a first float mechanism, a2, a first piston mechanism, a3, a second piston mechanism, 11, a heave float, 12, a first piston cylinder, 13, a first piston block, 14, a first piston rod, 15, a second one-way valve, 16, a second pressure regulating valve, 17, a second pressure gauge, 18, an auxiliary energy accumulator, 19, a second pressure sensor, 110, a fine oil filter, 111, a gear pump, 112, a coarse oil filter, 113, a first oil tank, 114, an oil supplementing motor, 115, a third pressure regulating valve, 116, a fourth one-way valve, 117, a third one-way valve, 118, a fifth one-way valve, 22, a second piston rod, 23, an oil inlet pipe, 24, a reversing mechanism, 25, a second piston cylinder, 26, a second piston block, 27, a left-hand valve, 28, a right-hand valve, 29, a first cylinder, 210, a third piston block, 212, a second cylinder, 213, a third oil tank, 214, a second oil tank, 215, a sixth one-way valve, 216, a fourth one-way valve, 216, a pressure regulating valve; |[0029] b. A carbon dioxide collection device; 31, a filtering device, 32, a first pressure regulating valve, 33, a first pressure gauge, 35, a first pressure sensor, 36, a first one-way valve, 37, a silencer, 38, an oscillating water column, 39 and a collecting cylinder; |[0030] c. supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device; c1, a second float mechanism, c2, a third piston mechanism, 40, a third piston cylinder, 41, an oscillating float, 42, a fourth piston block, 43, a first ball-type switch valve, 44, a second ball-type switch valve, 45, a hemisphere switch valve, 46, a third cylinder, 47, a fourth cylinder, 48, a communicating cavity, 49, a carbon transmission pipe, 410, a rock stratum, 411, a sedimentary layer, 412, a third piston rod, 413, a check valve, 414, an oil storage tank, 415, a storage tank, 416, a heating station, 417 and a downhole safety valve; |[0031] 51. Sea surface, oil production platform, 53, derrick, 54, hemispherical floater, 55, oil production tree, 56, ground safety valve, 57, oil production pipe, 58 and tower crane. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.|[0033] In the technical field of carbon sequestration, considering that most of the earth is covered by the ocean, deep-sea carbon sequestration is the research focus, however, the existing deep-sea sequestration scheme has more problems, and particularly has two problems.|[0034] Firstly, carbon dioxide in the existing deep sea carbon sealing scheme is easy to leak, and the problem of unreliable sealing exists. It can be shown in the literature "CO2 sequencing IN DEEP SEDIMENTARY formations" that for geologic sequestration of salt water formations, the depth of the formation is typically 750 meters or more, ensuring that the formation pore pressure is above the critical pressure of 7.38MPa, ensuring sequestration stability, but most carbon dioxide sequestration is now substantially in the salt water layer except for carbon dioxide "EOR (enhanced oil recovery)" described above, however, as described in the literature "Prediction of CO2 leakage during sequestration into MARINE SEDIMENTARY STRATA" and "CO2 storage in geological media: rotor, means, status and barriers to deployment", carbon dioxide is in a supercritical fluid state due to the sufficiently high temperature in the formation, which is less dense than the fluid in the rock pores. Under the conditions of different pressure, temperature, depth and flow rate, hydrates can float or sink, so that carbon dioxide is influenced by buoyancy to become unstable, carbon dioxide is easy to float upwards, and the patent with publication No. CN114278257A discloses a synchronous device and a method for offshore oilfield exploitation and supercritical carbon dioxide sequestration, which comprise an offshore production platform, an oil gas exploitation system and a carbon dioxide sequestration system, and when in operation, carbon dioxide sequestration and oil gas exploitation are carried out simultaneously. Because carbon dioxide can overflow through stratum gaps such as faults or cracks, the carbon dioxide sealing method used by the device has higher requirements on stratum, and similar problems exist in various documents or technologies, namely when the carbon dioxide is sealed in a salty water layer or is sealed in the faults, the carbon dioxide is easy to leak out, and the carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere again, so that the aim of effectively sealing carbon can not be achieved.|[0035] Secondly, the existing deep sea carbon sealing scheme can not seal by clean renewable energy sources, and various non-renewable energy sources still need to be wasted when sealing carbon dioxide. The patent with publication number CN111075525A discloses a deep sea carbon sequestration and power generation system, the system carries out waste heat power generation and carbon dioxide stripping on the coastal power plant waste gas, the stripped carbon dioxide is applied to submarine geothermal Brayton cycle and finally stored in deep sea sequestration holes, a wave power generation device in the system provides power for a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor, but the whole system depends on the waste gas discharged by a coal-fired power plant and the like, and the future deep sea operation requirement cannot be met, namely the prior art cannot seal and store through clean renewable energy.|[0036] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present solution provides a system that combines the utilization of wave energy with the carbon dioxide sequestration technology, including carbon transmission tube and carbon dioxide collection device driven by ocean waves, carbon dioxide compression device and supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the core thinking is that this clean renewable energy source of wave energy is utilized to carry out carbon sequestration, namely carbon dioxide is collected through wave energy driven carbon dioxide collection device, carbon dioxide after collection is compressed through wave energy driven carbon dioxide compression device, carbon dioxide after compression is led to wave energy driven supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device to make carbon dioxide in supercritical state, and finally carbon sequestration is realized through carbon transmission tube transportation to sedimentary layer, the problem that carbon sequestration cannot be realized through clean renewable energy source in the prior art is solved, and the problem that carbon is easy to leak is also solved simultaneously.|[0037] Referring to fig. 1-7, a preferred embodiment of the present invention as applied to an offshore production platform 52 is described below.|[0038] In the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 1, a carbon dioxide sealing system and an oil gas exploitation system are arranged on an oil exploitation platform 52, a carbon transmission pipe 49 of the carbon dioxide sealing system and an oil exploitation pipe 57 of the oil gas exploitation system are vertically arranged towards the sea, the tops of the two pipes are connected to the oil exploitation platform 52, a component device of the carbon dioxide sealing system is arranged on the sea surface 51 around the oil exploitation platform 52 in a floating manner, the top ends of the component devices are connected to the oil exploitation platform 52, and by the arrangement, the system for sealing carbon by utilizing wave energy can be utilized in combination with the offshore oil exploitation platform 52, so that the emission of carbon dioxide can be remarkably reduced, the wave around the ocean platform can be reduced, and a stable working environment is provided, thereby improving the service life of the production platform.|[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the carbon dioxide sealing system includes a carbon delivery pipe 49, a carbon dioxide collecting device b driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compressing device a and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, wherein the carbon dioxide collecting device b is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device a, the carbon dioxide compressing device a is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c is communicated with the carbon delivery pipe 49, the carbon outlet end of the carbon delivery pipe 49 is arranged on the deposition layer 411, by such arrangement, carbon dioxide is collected by the carbon dioxide collecting device b driven by wave energy in the carbon dioxide sealing process, carbon dioxide is converted into high-pressure carbon dioxide by the carbon dioxide compressing device a driven by wave energy, then the high-pressure carbon dioxide is transported to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, and the supercritical carbon dioxide is transported to the deposition layer 411 with higher reliability through the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, so as to complete sealing of carbon dioxide, reduce the subsequent maintenance cost, and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by using clean wave energy, and solve the problem that the prior art needs to complete sealing of carbon by using non-renewable energy.|[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2 and 6, the carbon dioxide collecting device b includes a collecting cylinder 39 and an oscillating water column 38, the oscillating water column 38 is communicated with the collecting cylinder 39, the collecting cylinder 39 is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device a, the oscillating water column 38 has a chamber, the chamber is at least partially located in water, and the oscillating water column 38 compresses and conveys the gas in the chamber to the collecting cylinder 39 under the action of ocean waves, so that the carbon dioxide collecting device b can collect carbon dioxide under the action of the wave energy.|[0041] It should be noted that oscillating water column 38 is a device that converts mechanical energy generated by wave motion into pneumatic energy through oscillating water column 38. In the conventional wave energy power generation device, the oscillating water column 38 is driven by waves to generate air pressure energy in a vertical direction, so as to generate air kinetic energy, and the air kinetic energy is converted into electric energy by a generator and stored in an energy storage device for subsequent use, which is a technology well known to those skilled in the art. The invention directly utilizes the air pressure energy generated by the oscillating water column 38 to collect carbon dioxide, thereby avoiding energy loss in the process of converting the air pressure energy into electric energy.|[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to implement the filtering and purifying function after collecting carbon dioxide, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the carbon dioxide collecting device b further includes a filtering device 31, where the filtering device 31 is disposed between the collecting cylinder 39 and the oscillating water column 38, and the filtering device 31 is in communication with the collecting cylinder 39 and the oscillating water column 38, and filters and purifies carbon dioxide therein.|[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to implement the primary compression function of carbon dioxide, as shown in fig. 6, the carbon dioxide collecting device b further includes a first pressure regulating valve 32, where the first pressure regulating valve 32 is disposed between the collecting cylinder 39 and the oscillating water column 38, and the first pressure regulating valve 32 is in communication with the collecting cylinder 39 and the oscillating water column 38, so that carbon dioxide can be primarily pressurized and stored in the collecting cylinder 39.|[0044] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to implement the pressure detection function of carbon dioxide, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the carbon dioxide collecting device b further includes a first pressure gauge 33 and a first pressure sensor 35, where the first pressure gauge 33 and the first pressure sensor 35 are in communication with the exhaust valve port of the collecting cylinder 39, and can detect the pressure condition of the carbon dioxide in the collecting cylinder 39, and the excessive pressure is discharged to the atmosphere through the first check valve 36 and the muffler 37 of the exhaust valve port.|[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2 to 5, regarding the above-mentioned carbon dioxide compression device a driven by wave energy, the carbon dioxide compression device a includes a first float mechanism a1, a first piston mechanism a2 and a second piston mechanism a3, one end of the first float mechanism a1 is disposed on the water surface, the other end of the first float mechanism a1 is disposed in the first piston mechanism a2, the first piston mechanism a2 is communicated with the second piston mechanism a3 through an oil inlet pipe 23, a second check valve 15 and a second pressure regulating valve 16, the second piston mechanism a3 is communicated with the carbon dioxide collecting device b and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, the first float mechanism a1 drives the first piston mechanism a2 to perform piston motion under the pushing of ocean wave so as to press the fluid in the first piston mechanism a2 to the second piston mechanism a3, and the second piston mechanism a3 performs piston motion under the pushing of the fluid so as to compress the carbon dioxide introduced from the collecting cylinder 39 and convey the carbon dioxide to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c.|[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, for the first float mechanism a1, the float mechanism is arranged on the sea surface 51 annularly around the carbon transfer tube 49, and the first float mechanism a1 moves up and down with the waves, thereby driving the first piston mechanism a2 to perform the piston motion, converting the wave energy into the mechanical energy.|[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, the first float mechanism a1 includes, but is not limited to, a hemispherical float and a heave float 11, and a plurality of hemispherical floats 54 and a plurality of heave floats 11 are all annularly arranged around the periphery of the carbon transmission tube 49, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to their actual needs.|[0048] Wherein, hemispherical to accommodate wave direction uncertainty and to improve power generation capacity.|[0049] In the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, for the first piston mechanism a2, the first piston mechanism a2 comprises a first piston rod 14 and a first piston cylinder 12, the first piston cylinder 12 is communicated with the second piston mechanism a3, a first sliding piston block 13 is arranged in the first piston cylinder 12, the first piston block 13 is fixedly connected with one end of the first piston rod 14, the other end of the first piston rod 14 extends out of the first piston cylinder 12, the other end of the first piston rod 14 is fixedly connected with the first float mechanism a1, the first piston rod 14 is used for carrying out piston operation in the first piston cylinder 12 and pressing fluid to the second piston mechanism a3, and by the arrangement, the first piston rod 14 is pushed by the first float mechanism a1 to carry out piston operation and pressing fluid in the first piston cylinder 12 to the second piston mechanism a3, so that conversion of mechanical energy and pressure energy is realized.|[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to implement the oil replenishing function of the first piston mechanism a2, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the oil replenishing circuit is connected to the first piston cylinder 12, so as to ensure that the oil replenishing circuit can replenish oil to the first piston cylinder 12 at any time, so as to avoid adverse phenomena such as vibration, creeping, noise and the like of the hydraulic transmission system.|[0051] When the second pressure sensor 19 detects that the pressure is lower than the normal working pressure of the hydraulic system, the oil replenishing motor 114 is started to drive the gear pump 111 to work to replenish oil, hydraulic oil in the first oil tank 113 is conveyed into the first piston cylinder 12 through the coarse oil filter 112 and the fine oil filter 110, and in the middle, the hydraulic oil also passes through the fifth one-way valve 118, and the oil replenishing motor 114 can replenish oil to the oil inlet pipe 23 through the third one-way valve 117 or the fourth one-way valve 116 of the third pressure regulating valve 115. When the oil supplementing pressure reaches the normal working pressure of the hydraulic system, the oil supplementing is stopped, the auxiliary energy-return accumulator 18 in the oil supplementing loop plays a role in supplementing oil on one hand, so that the oil supplementing pipeline keeps a certain pressure, impurities or air are prevented from penetrating, meanwhile, vibration of the oil in the hydraulic system can be absorbed, phenomena such as creeping are slowed down, noise can be reduced, the second pressure sensor 19 plays a role in pressure protection, and the second pressure meter 17 displays the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor.|[0052] In the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, for the second piston mechanism a3, the second piston mechanism a3 comprises a second piston rod 22 and a second piston cylinder 25, the second piston cylinder 25 comprises a first cylinder body 29 and a second cylinder body 212 which are not communicated with each other, the diameter of the first cylinder body 29 is larger than that of the second cylinder body 212, the first cylinder body 29 is communicated with the first piston mechanism a2, a slidable second piston block 26 is arranged in the first cylinder body, the second piston block 26 is fixedly connected with one end of the second piston rod 22, the second cylinder body 212 is communicated with a carbon dioxide collecting device b, a slidable third piston block 210 is arranged in the second cylinder body 212, the third piston block 210 is fixedly connected with the other end of the second piston rod 22, the second piston rod 22 is used for carrying out piston motion in the first cylinder body 29 and the second cylinder body 212 under the driving of fluid so as to compress carbon dioxide in the second cylinder body 212, the second cylinder body 29 is driven by the fluid pressed in the first cylinder body 29, the second cylinder body 29 is driven by the fluid in the first cylinder body 2 to carry out the second piston body 22 to carry out the carbon dioxide compression in the supercritical state, and the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure state is converted into the high-temperature state in the liquid state in the piston rod, and the high-pressure state is conveyed by the pumping device c.|[0053] It should be noted that, the two ends of the first cylinder 29 are respectively provided with a left valve 27 and a right valve 28, and a fourth pressure regulating valve 216 is communicated between the second cylinder 212 and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, and the fourth pressure regulating valve 216 is used for discharging the carbon dioxide compressed in the second cylinder 212 to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c.|[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, for the purpose of automatically completing the piston movement of the second piston mechanism a3, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the carbon dioxide compression device a further includes a reversing mechanism 24; the first piston mechanism a2 is communicated with the reversing mechanism 24, the reversing mechanism 24 is communicated with two ends of the first cylinder 29, the reversing mechanism 24 is used for controlling the driving direction of fluid in the first cylinder 29, through the arrangement, the fluid introduced from the first piston mechanism a2 can enter the first cylinder 29 through the reversing mechanism 24 in a controlled way, for example, the fluid firstly enters the first cylinder 29 and is provided with a rod section, the second piston is pushed to move left, when the second piston contacts the in-place left valve 27, the reversing mechanism 24 reverses, hydraulic oil enters the rod section of the first cylinder 29, the third piston is pushed to move right and pressurizes carbon dioxide gas in the second cylinder 212, the first cylinder 29 is provided with a rod section hydraulic oil to be discharged into the second oil tank 214, when the second piston contacts the in-place right valve 28, the reversing mechanism 24 reverses again, the circulating and repeatedly pressurizes the second cylinder 212, meanwhile, the hydraulic oil in the rod section of the first cylinder 29 is driven to be discharged into the third oil tank 213 through the reversing mechanism 24, when the pressure is required, the hydraulic oil in the second cylinder 212 is discharged through the fourth compression valve 216, and then discharged through the sixth air outlet valve 215 to the one-way pump device after the pressure reaches the required.|[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, a gas flowmeter 217 is disposed between the second cylinder 212 and the collecting cylinder 39 to control the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide to be fed to the second cylinder 212 at a time, and after a certain amount of carbon dioxide is fed, the inlet for feeding carbon dioxide to the second cylinder 212 is closed until the pressure of the compressed carbon dioxide in the second cylinder 212 reaches the demand (as shown by the second pressure gauge 17), the high-pressure carbon dioxide is fed to the storage tank 415, the inlet for feeding carbon dioxide to the second cylinder 212 is opened, and the feeding of a certain amount of carbon dioxide to the second cylinder 212 is repeated.|[0056] It should be noted that the above fluids include, but are not limited to, hydraulic oil, and those skilled in the art can choose according to their actual situation.|[0057] When the heave floater 11 moves downwards, the hydraulic oil in the rod cavity 12 of the driving oil cylinder enters the oil inlet pipe 23 through the fourth one-way valve 117 and the second pressure regulating valve 115 and then enters the first cylinder 29 of the second piston mechanism a3 to realize piston movement so as to compress carbon dioxide in the second cylinder 212.|[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 7, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c driven by wave energy includes a storage tank 415, a second float mechanism c1, and a third piston mechanism c2, wherein the storage tank 415 is communicated with the third piston mechanism c2 through a liquid inlet pipe, the storage tank 415 is communicated with the second piston mechanism a3 through the liquid inlet pipe, one end of the second float mechanism c1 is disposed on the water surface, the other end of the second float mechanism c1 is disposed in the third piston mechanism c2, the third piston mechanism c2 is communicated with the carbon delivery pipe 49, the second float mechanism c1 drives the third piston mechanism c2 to perform piston motion under the pushing of ocean wave, and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the third piston mechanism c2 is delivered to the carbon delivery pipe 49, by such arrangement, the supercritical carbon dioxide driven by wave energy can be pumped to the carbon delivery pipe 49 through the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c and delivered to the relatively stable sediment layer 411 in the deep sea through the carbon delivery pipe 49.|[0059] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 7, for the storage tank 415, the storage tank 415 is provided with a heating station 416 to ensure that the temperature inside the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 415 is maintained above 40 ℃.|[0060] It should be noted that the filter is provided at the outlet of the reservoir 415 to filter other impurities such as water, and that supercritical carbon dioxide breaks the elastomeric sealing material and thus seals with high hardness (> 90) elastomers.|[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, as for the second float mechanism c1, as shown in fig. 7, the second float mechanism c1 includes, but is not limited to, an oscillating float 41, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to their actual needs.|[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 7, for the third piston mechanism c2, the third piston mechanism c2 includes a third piston rod 412, a third piston cylinder 40, a communication chamber 48, a first ball-type on-off valve 43, and a second ball-type on-off valve 44; the third piston cylinder 40 includes a third cylinder body 46 and a fourth cylinder body 47 separated by a partition plate, the third cylinder body 46 being in communication with the fourth cylinder body 47; the third cylinder 46 is internally provided with a fourth sliding piston block 42 which can slide, the fourth sliding piston block 42 is fixedly connected with one end of a third piston rod 412, the other end of the third piston rod 412 extends out of the third cylinder 46, the other end of the third piston rod 412 is fixedly connected with a second float mechanism c1, the third cylinder 46 is connected with a communication cavity 48, a first spherical switching valve 43 is arranged between the communication cavity 48 and the third cylinder 46, the first spherical switching valve 43 is used for controlling the communication and disconnection of the third cylinder 46 and the communication cavity 48, the fourth cylinder 47 is connected with the communication cavity 48, a second spherical switching valve 44 is arranged between the communication cavity 48 and the fourth cylinder 47, the second spherical switching valve 44 is used for controlling the communication and disconnection of the fourth cylinder 47 and the communication cavity 48, the communication cavity 48 is communicated with a carbon conveying pipe 49, the third piston rod 412 is used for performing piston motion in the third cylinder 46, so as to selectively control the opening of the first spherical switching valve 43 or the second spherical switching valve 44, and the supercritical carbon dioxide of the third cylinder 46 is enabled to move from the supercritical carbon dioxide of the communication cavity 48 to the third cylinder 46 to the spherical switching valve 48, and the third spherical switching valve 44 is enabled to be opened when the spherical switching valve 45 is opened to the spherical switching valve 45 is driven by the spherical switching valve 45 c, and the spherical switching valve 45 is opened due to the fact that the third piston rod is opened, and the spherical switching valve 45 is opened, and the spherical switching valve is opened when the spherical switching valve is opened and the spherical switching valve 45 is arranged from the spherical switching valve 45 and the valve 1, the right opening is opened, supercritical carbon dioxide flows out of the storage tank 415 (the third cylinder 46 and the fourth cylinder 47 are filled with supercritical carbon dioxide), enters the third cylinder 46 through the liquid inlet pipe, and meanwhile, the supercritical carbon dioxide in the fourth cylinder 47 flows out through the right opening of the hemispherical switch valve 45 under the pushing of the fourth piston block 42, and is transported to the sediment layer 411 in the deep sea through the conveying pipe for sealing.|[0063] The pipe of the transfer pipe 49 is made of carbon steel, and a check valve 413 is provided at the bottom to prevent the supercritical carbon dioxide from flowing back.|[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 1, the oil and gas exploitation system includes a semi-submersible drilling platform 52, a derrick 53, a tower crane 58, a christmas tree 55, a production pipe 57 and an oil tank 414, the oil tank 414 is arranged on the semi-submersible drilling platform 52, the derrick 53 supports the stability of the platform 52, the production pipe 57 is vertically arranged, the bottom end of the production pipe 57 penetrates into the submarine rock layer 410, the top of the production pipe 57 is connected to the bottom of the platform and is communicated with the oil tank 414, and a separator is arranged at the connection part of the upper part of the production pipe 57 and the oil tank 414 for oil and gas separation, so that the oil and gas exploitation system can successfully conduct exploitation through the arrangement.|[0065] In some embodiments of the present application, the tree 55 consists of a sleeve four-way, sleeve gate, tubing head, tubing four-way, main gate, production gate, paraffin removal gate, and accessories to which it pertains.|[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of oil recovery tubes 57 are arranged in an annular array around carbon transport tube 49, and the plurality of oil recovery tubes 57 are in surface abutment with each of carbon transport tube 49 to transfer heat from the plurality of oil recovery tubes 57 to carbon transport tube 49 to maintain the temperature of carbon transport tube 49 and to enable carbon dioxide to maintain a supercritical state.|[0067] In addition, the platform is provided with a ground safety valve 56, the ground safety valve 56 is a safety protection device which is automatically closed along with the reduction of control pressure and automatically opened when the control pressure is recovered, the underground safety valve 417 is arranged in the oil production pipe 57 which is about 100m away from the sea surface, the underground safety valve 417 operates according to the hydraulic piston principle, the valve is opened by the hydraulic pressure supplied by a wellhead control panel, the valve is kept in an open state as long as a certain hydraulic pressure exists, the closing mode can be actuated remotely, the oil production pipe 57 can also be manually operated on the wellhead control panel, the oil production pipe 57 can be transported upwards from the rock stratum 410 to the oil storage tank 415 through the oil production pipe 57, and the petroleum with higher temperature can also provide proper temperature conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide.|[0068] While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, such changes and modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the invention. | (CN116357503)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean new energy utilization, in particular to a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sequestration technology.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] As early as the 80 s of the 20 th century, scientific research reveals that the climate change process caused by the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide disturbs the evolution rhythm of the earth system, even threatens the sustainable development of human beings, and causes the problems of glacier melting, sea level rising, frequent extreme weather and high gas temperature rising, grain yield influence and the like. How to mitigate the long-term impact on the environment while meeting the world's energy demands for economic growth is a key issue in achieving sustainable future. Among them, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during energy production, transmission and use is an important goal. To achieve this, it is desirable to control carbon dioxide emissions during energy production, transportation and use, for example, by sequestration techniques.|[0003] There are many attempts to combine the foregoing carbon dioxide sequestration technology with other production activities, mainly combining the land carbon dioxide sequestration with geothermal energy, however, because land resources are precious, ensuring that the long-term storage of carbon dioxide in land formations requires detailed knowledge of the structural geology, and the cost of subsequent maintenance monitoring of the formations is not sufficient, so future research centers may be shifted from land to deep sea, a deep sea carbon sequestration and power generation system is disclosed in the patent with publication number CN111075525A, the system generates power by waste heat from the off-shore power plant exhaust gas and strips carbon dioxide, the stripped carbon dioxide is applied to the subsea geothermal brayton cycle, and finally stored in the deep sea sequestration cavity, the wave power generation device in the system provides power for the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor, but the whole system relies on the exhaust gas discharged by a power plant and the like, and the wave energy resources on the shore are limited, so that the future deep sea operation requirements cannot be met, and a synchronization device and method for offshore exploitation and supercritical carbon dioxide sequestration are disclosed in the patent with publication number CN114278257a, the deep sea carbon dioxide sequestration system comprises offshore production platform, the carbon dioxide sequestration system and the carbon dioxide sequestration system can be used for the exploitation of coal-fired coal-carbon dioxide, and the coal-gas and the carbon dioxide may have high requirements for the formation sequestration by the fracture.|[0004] In summary, in the prior art, the carbon sequestration technology combined with the ocean platform cannot utilize pure clean renewable energy sources to perform carbon sequestration, so it is of great importance to research a system for performing carbon sequestration by using only clean renewable energy sources.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology, which solves the problem that the existing carbon sealing system cannot seal carbon by only utilizing clean renewable energy sources.|[0006] In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a system combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology, which comprises a carbon dioxide conveying pipe, a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compressing device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, wherein the carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the carbon dioxide compressing device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon dioxide conveying pipe, an outlet of the carbon dioxide conveying pipe is arranged in a sediment layer, and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for conveying supercritical carbon dioxide to the sediment layer for sealing through the carbon dioxide conveying pipe.|[0007] In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide collecting device comprises a collecting cylinder and an oscillating water column, wherein the oscillating water column is communicated with the collecting cylinder, the collecting cylinder is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the oscillating water column is provided with a cavity, the cavity is at least partially positioned in water, and gas in the cavity is compressed and conveyed to the collecting cylinder under the action of ocean waves.|[0008] In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide compression device comprises a first floater mechanism, a first piston mechanism and a second piston mechanism, the other end of the first floater mechanism is arranged in the first piston mechanism, the first piston mechanism is communicated with the second piston mechanism, the carbon dioxide collecting device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are communicated through the second piston mechanism, the first floater mechanism drives the first piston mechanism to carry out piston movement under the pushing of ocean waves so as to press fluid in the first piston mechanism to the second piston mechanism, and the second piston mechanism compresses carbon dioxide introduced from the collecting cylinder through piston movement under the pushing of the fluid and conveys the carbon dioxide to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device.|[0009] In one embodiment, the first float mechanism includes a plurality of hemispherical floats and a plurality of heave floats, the hemispherical floats are all annularly wound on the periphery of the carbon transmission tube, and the heave floats are all annularly wound on the periphery of the carbon transmission tube.|[0010] In one embodiment, the first piston mechanism comprises a first piston rod and a first piston cylinder, the first piston cylinder is communicated with the second piston mechanism, a first sliding piston block is arranged in the first piston cylinder and is fixedly connected with one end of the first piston rod, the other end of the first piston rod extends out of the first piston cylinder, and the other end of the first piston rod is fixedly connected with the first float mechanism.|[0011] In one embodiment, the second piston mechanism comprises a second piston rod and a second piston cylinder, the second piston cylinder comprises a first cylinder body and a second cylinder body which are not communicated with each other, the diameter of the first cylinder body is larger than that of the second cylinder body, the first cylinder body is communicated with the first piston mechanism, a second slidable piston block is arranged in the first cylinder body and is fixedly connected with one end of the second piston rod, the second cylinder body is communicated with the carbon dioxide collecting device, a third slidable piston block is arranged in the second cylinder body and is fixedly connected with the other end of the second piston rod, and the second piston rod moves in the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body under the driving of fluid so as to compress carbon dioxide in the second cylinder body.|[0012] In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide compression device further comprises a reversing mechanism, the first piston mechanism is communicated with the reversing mechanism, the reversing mechanism is communicated with two ends of the first cylinder body, and the reversing mechanism is used for controlling the driving direction of the fluid in the first cylinder body.|[0013] In one embodiment, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device comprises a storage tank, a second floater mechanism and a third piston mechanism, wherein the storage tank is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression device and the third piston mechanism, the other end of the second floater mechanism is arranged in the third piston mechanism, the third piston mechanism is communicated with the carbon transmission pipe, and the second floater mechanism drives the third piston mechanism to carry out piston movement under the pushing of ocean waves and conveys the supercritical carbon dioxide in the third piston mechanism to the carbon transmission pipe.|[0014] In one embodiment, the third piston mechanism comprises a third piston rod, a third piston cylinder, a communication cavity, a first ball-type switch valve and a second ball-type switch valve, the third piston cylinder comprises a third cylinder body and a fourth cylinder body which are separated, the third cylinder body is communicated with the fourth cylinder body, a fourth piston block which can slide is arranged in the third cylinder body, the fourth piston block is fixedly connected with one end of the third piston rod, the other end of the third piston rod extends out of the third cylinder body, the other end of the third piston rod is fixedly connected with the second float mechanism, the third cylinder body is connected with the communication cavity, the first ball-type switch valve is arranged between the communication cavity and the third cylinder body, the first ball-type switch valve is used for controlling the communication and disconnection of the third cylinder body and the communication cavity, the second ball-type switch valve is arranged between the communication cavity and the fourth cylinder body, the second ball-type switch valve is used for controlling the communication of the third cylinder body and the communication cavity, the second ball-type switch valve is arranged between the communication cavity and the fourth cylinder body, the ball-type switch valve is used for controlling the communication of the supercritical carbon dioxide or the communication of the third cylinder body and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the communication cavity, the supercritical carbon dioxide transmission pipeline is opened.|[0015] In one embodiment, the carbon transmission device further comprises a plurality of oil extraction pipes, wherein the plurality of oil extraction pipes are annularly wound around the carbon transmission pipe, and the plurality of oil extraction pipes are abutted to the surface of the carbon transmission pipe so as to transfer heat on the plurality of oil extraction pipes to the carbon transmission pipe.|[0016] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0017] The carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device, the carbon dioxide compressing device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon transmission pipe, the carbon outlet end of the carbon transmission pipe is arranged on a sedimentary layer, and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for transporting supercritical carbon dioxide to the sedimentary layer to seal and store in cooperation with the carbon transmission pipe, so that carbon sealing and storing of carbon dioxide are realized when the carbon dioxide sealing and storing device is applied, carbon dioxide collected by the carbon dioxide collecting device is compressed by the carbon dioxide compressing device, compressed carbon dioxide is led to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device to enable the carbon dioxide to be in a supercritical state, and finally transported to the sedimentary layer by the carbon transmission pipe. |[0018] And because the carbon dioxide collecting device, the carbon dioxide compressing device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are all driven by ocean waves, only clean and regenerated wave energy can be used for providing driving force for carbon dioxide sealing, and the problem that the existing carbon sealing system cannot only utilize clean and renewable energy sources for carbon sealing is practically solved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0020] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention;|[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide compression device, a carbon dioxide collection device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide compression device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0023] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram b of a carbon dioxide compression device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0024] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide compression device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0025] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a carbon dioxide collection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; |[0026] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. |[0027] The reference numerals are as follows:|[0028] a. A1, a first float mechanism, a2, a first piston mechanism, a3, a second piston mechanism, 11, a heave float, 12, a first piston cylinder, 13, a first piston block, 14, a first piston rod, 15, a second one-way valve, 16, a second pressure regulating valve, 17, a second pressure gauge, 18, an auxiliary energy accumulator, 19, a second pressure sensor, 110, a fine oil filter, 111, a gear pump, 112, a coarse oil filter, 113, a first oil tank, 114, an oil supplementing motor, 115, a third pressure regulating valve, 116, a fourth one-way valve, 117, a third one-way valve, 118, a fifth one-way valve, 22, a second piston rod, 23, an oil inlet pipe, 24, a reversing mechanism, 25, a second piston cylinder, 26, a second piston block, 27, a left-hand valve, 28, a right-hand valve, 29, a first cylinder, 210, a third piston block, 212, a second cylinder, 213, a third oil tank, 214, a second oil tank, 215, a sixth one-way valve, 216, a fourth one-way valve, 216, a pressure regulating valve; |[0029] b. A carbon dioxide collection device; 31, a filtering device, 32, a first pressure regulating valve, 33, a first pressure gauge, 35, a first pressure sensor, 36, a first one-way valve, 37, a silencer, 38, an oscillating water column, 39 and a collecting cylinder; |[0030] c. supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device; c1, a second float mechanism, c2, a third piston mechanism, 40, a third piston cylinder, 41, an oscillating float, 42, a fourth piston block, 43, a first ball-type switch valve, 44, a second ball-type switch valve, 45, a hemisphere switch valve, 46, a third cylinder, 47, a fourth cylinder, 48, a communicating cavity, 49, a carbon transmission pipe, 410, a rock stratum, 411, a sedimentary layer, 412, a third piston rod, 413, a check valve, 414, an oil storage tank, 415, a storage tank, 416, a heating station, 417 and a downhole safety valve; |[0031] 51. Sea surface, oil production platform, 53, derrick, 54, hemispherical floater, 55, oil production tree, 56, ground safety valve, 57, oil production pipe, 58 and tower crane. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.|[0033] In the technical field of carbon sequestration, considering that most of the earth is covered by the ocean, deep-sea carbon sequestration is the research focus, however, the existing deep-sea sequestration scheme has more problems, and particularly has two problems.|[0034] Firstly, carbon dioxide in the existing deep sea carbon sealing scheme is easy to leak, and the problem of unreliable sealing exists. It can be shown in the literature "CO2 sequencing IN DEEP SEDIMENTARY formations" that for geologic sequestration of salt water formations, the depth of the formation is typically 750 meters or more, ensuring that the formation pore pressure is above the critical pressure of 7.38MPa, ensuring sequestration stability, but most carbon dioxide sequestration is now substantially in the salt water layer except for carbon dioxide "EOR (enhanced oil recovery)" described above, however, as described in the literature "Prediction of CO2 leakage during sequestration into MARINE SEDIMENTARY STRATA" and "CO2 storage in geological media: rotor, means, status and barriers to deployment", carbon dioxide is in a supercritical fluid state due to the sufficiently high temperature in the formation, which is less dense than the fluid in the rock pores. Under the conditions of different pressure, temperature, depth and flow rate, hydrates can float or sink, so that carbon dioxide is influenced by buoyancy to become unstable, carbon dioxide is easy to float upwards, and the patent with publication No. CN114278257A discloses a synchronous device and a method for offshore oilfield exploitation and supercritical carbon dioxide sequestration, which comprise an offshore production platform, an oil gas exploitation system and a carbon dioxide sequestration system, and when in operation, carbon dioxide sequestration and oil gas exploitation are carried out simultaneously. Because carbon dioxide can overflow through stratum gaps such as faults or cracks, the carbon dioxide sealing method used by the device has higher requirements on stratum, and similar problems exist in various documents or technologies, namely when the carbon dioxide is sealed in a salty water layer or is sealed in the faults, the carbon dioxide is easy to leak out, and the carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere again, so that the aim of effectively sealing carbon can not be achieved.|[0035] Secondly, the existing deep sea carbon sealing scheme can not seal by clean renewable energy sources, and various non-renewable energy sources still need to be wasted when sealing carbon dioxide. The patent with publication number CN111075525A discloses a deep sea carbon sequestration and power generation system, the system carries out waste heat power generation and carbon dioxide stripping on the coastal power plant waste gas, the stripped carbon dioxide is applied to submarine geothermal Brayton cycle and finally stored in deep sea sequestration holes, a wave power generation device in the system provides power for a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor, but the whole system depends on the waste gas discharged by a coal-fired power plant and the like, and the future deep sea operation requirement cannot be met, namely the prior art cannot seal and store through clean renewable energy.|[0036] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present solution provides a system that combines the utilization of wave energy with the carbon dioxide sequestration technology, including carbon transmission tube and carbon dioxide collection device driven by ocean waves, carbon dioxide compression device and supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the core thinking is that this clean renewable energy source of wave energy is utilized to carry out carbon sequestration, namely carbon dioxide is collected through wave energy driven carbon dioxide collection device, carbon dioxide after collection is compressed through wave energy driven carbon dioxide compression device, carbon dioxide after compression is led to wave energy driven supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device to make carbon dioxide in supercritical state, and finally carbon sequestration is realized through carbon transmission tube transportation to sedimentary layer, the problem that carbon sequestration cannot be realized through clean renewable energy source in the prior art is solved, and the problem that carbon is easy to leak is also solved simultaneously.|[0037] Referring to fig. 1-7, a preferred embodiment of the present invention as applied to an offshore production platform 52 is described below.|[0038] In the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 1, a carbon dioxide sealing system and an oil gas exploitation system are arranged on an oil exploitation platform 52, a carbon transmission pipe 49 of the carbon dioxide sealing system and an oil exploitation pipe 57 of the oil gas exploitation system are vertically arranged towards the sea, the tops of the two pipes are connected to the oil exploitation platform 52, a component device of the carbon dioxide sealing system is arranged on the sea surface 51 around the oil exploitation platform 52 in a floating manner, the top ends of the component devices are connected to the oil exploitation platform 52, and by the arrangement, the system for sealing carbon by utilizing wave energy can be utilized in combination with the offshore oil exploitation platform 52, so that the emission of carbon dioxide can be remarkably reduced, the wave around the ocean platform can be reduced, and a stable working environment is provided, thereby improving the service life of the production platform.|[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the carbon dioxide sealing system includes a carbon delivery pipe 49, a carbon dioxide collecting device b driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compressing device a and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, wherein the carbon dioxide collecting device b is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device a, the carbon dioxide compressing device a is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c is communicated with the carbon delivery pipe 49, the carbon outlet end of the carbon delivery pipe 49 is arranged on the deposition layer 411, by such arrangement, carbon dioxide is collected by the carbon dioxide collecting device b driven by wave energy in the carbon dioxide sealing process, carbon dioxide is converted into high-pressure carbon dioxide by the carbon dioxide compressing device a driven by wave energy, then the high-pressure carbon dioxide is transported to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, and the supercritical carbon dioxide is transported to the deposition layer 411 with higher reliability through the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, so as to complete sealing of carbon dioxide, reduce the subsequent maintenance cost, and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by using clean wave energy, and solve the problem that the prior art needs to complete sealing of carbon by using non-renewable energy.|[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2 and 6, the carbon dioxide collecting device b includes a collecting cylinder 39 and an oscillating water column 38, the oscillating water column 38 is communicated with the collecting cylinder 39, the collecting cylinder 39 is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressing device a, the oscillating water column 38 has a chamber, the chamber is at least partially located in water, and the oscillating water column 38 compresses and conveys the gas in the chamber to the collecting cylinder 39 under the action of ocean waves, so that the carbon dioxide collecting device b can collect carbon dioxide under the action of the wave energy.|[0041] It should be noted that oscillating water column 38 is a device that converts mechanical energy generated by wave motion into pneumatic energy through oscillating water column 38. In the conventional wave energy power generation device, the oscillating water column 38 is driven by waves to generate air pressure energy in a vertical direction, so as to generate air kinetic energy, and the air kinetic energy is converted into electric energy by a generator and stored in an energy storage device for subsequent use, which is a technology well known to those skilled in the art. The invention directly utilizes the air pressure energy generated by the oscillating water column 38 to collect carbon dioxide, thereby avoiding energy loss in the process of converting the air pressure energy into electric energy.|[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to implement the filtering and purifying function after collecting carbon dioxide, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the carbon dioxide collecting device b further includes a filtering device 31, where the filtering device 31 is disposed between the collecting cylinder 39 and the oscillating water column 38, and the filtering device 31 is in communication with the collecting cylinder 39 and the oscillating water column 38, and filters and purifies carbon dioxide therein.|[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to implement the primary compression function of carbon dioxide, as shown in fig. 6, the carbon dioxide collecting device b further includes a first pressure regulating valve 32, where the first pressure regulating valve 32 is disposed between the collecting cylinder 39 and the oscillating water column 38, and the first pressure regulating valve 32 is in communication with the collecting cylinder 39 and the oscillating water column 38, so that carbon dioxide can be primarily pressurized and stored in the collecting cylinder 39.|[0044] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to implement the pressure detection function of carbon dioxide, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the carbon dioxide collecting device b further includes a first pressure gauge 33 and a first pressure sensor 35, where the first pressure gauge 33 and the first pressure sensor 35 are in communication with the exhaust valve port of the collecting cylinder 39, and can detect the pressure condition of the carbon dioxide in the collecting cylinder 39, and the excessive pressure is discharged to the atmosphere through the first check valve 36 and the muffler 37 of the exhaust valve port.|[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2 to 5, regarding the above-mentioned carbon dioxide compression device a driven by wave energy, the carbon dioxide compression device a includes a first float mechanism a1, a first piston mechanism a2 and a second piston mechanism a3, one end of the first float mechanism a1 is disposed on the water surface, the other end of the first float mechanism a1 is disposed in the first piston mechanism a2, the first piston mechanism a2 is communicated with the second piston mechanism a3 through an oil inlet pipe 23, a second check valve 15 and a second pressure regulating valve 16, the second piston mechanism a3 is communicated with the carbon dioxide collecting device b and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, the first float mechanism a1 drives the first piston mechanism a2 to perform piston motion under the pushing of ocean wave so as to press the fluid in the first piston mechanism a2 to the second piston mechanism a3, and the second piston mechanism a3 performs piston motion under the pushing of the fluid so as to compress the carbon dioxide introduced from the collecting cylinder 39 and convey the carbon dioxide to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c.|[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, for the first float mechanism a1, the float mechanism is arranged on the sea surface 51 annularly around the carbon transfer tube 49, and the first float mechanism a1 moves up and down with the waves, thereby driving the first piston mechanism a2 to perform the piston motion, converting the wave energy into the mechanical energy.|[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, the first float mechanism a1 includes, but is not limited to, a hemispherical float and a heave float 11, and a plurality of hemispherical floats 54 and a plurality of heave floats 11 are all annularly arranged around the periphery of the carbon transmission tube 49, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to their actual needs.|[0048] Wherein, hemispherical to accommodate wave direction uncertainty and to improve power generation capacity.|[0049] In the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, for the first piston mechanism a2, the first piston mechanism a2 comprises a first piston rod 14 and a first piston cylinder 12, the first piston cylinder 12 is communicated with the second piston mechanism a3, a first sliding piston block 13 is arranged in the first piston cylinder 12, the first piston block 13 is fixedly connected with one end of the first piston rod 14, the other end of the first piston rod 14 extends out of the first piston cylinder 12, the other end of the first piston rod 14 is fixedly connected with the first float mechanism a1, the first piston rod 14 is used for carrying out piston operation in the first piston cylinder 12 and pressing fluid to the second piston mechanism a3, and by the arrangement, the first piston rod 14 is pushed by the first float mechanism a1 to carry out piston operation and pressing fluid in the first piston cylinder 12 to the second piston mechanism a3, so that conversion of mechanical energy and pressure energy is realized.|[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to implement the oil replenishing function of the first piston mechanism a2, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the oil replenishing circuit is connected to the first piston cylinder 12, so as to ensure that the oil replenishing circuit can replenish oil to the first piston cylinder 12 at any time, so as to avoid adverse phenomena such as vibration, creeping, noise and the like of the hydraulic transmission system.|[0051] When the second pressure sensor 19 detects that the pressure is lower than the normal working pressure of the hydraulic system, the oil replenishing motor 114 is started to drive the gear pump 111 to work to replenish oil, hydraulic oil in the first oil tank 113 is conveyed into the first piston cylinder 12 through the coarse oil filter 112 and the fine oil filter 110, and in the middle, the hydraulic oil also passes through the fifth one-way valve 118, and the oil replenishing motor 114 can replenish oil to the oil inlet pipe 23 through the third one-way valve 117 or the fourth one-way valve 116 of the third pressure regulating valve 115. When the oil supplementing pressure reaches the normal working pressure of the hydraulic system, the oil supplementing is stopped, the auxiliary energy-return accumulator 18 in the oil supplementing loop plays a role in supplementing oil on one hand, so that the oil supplementing pipeline keeps a certain pressure, impurities or air are prevented from penetrating, meanwhile, vibration of the oil in the hydraulic system can be absorbed, phenomena such as creeping are slowed down, noise can be reduced, the second pressure sensor 19 plays a role in pressure protection, and the second pressure meter 17 displays the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor.|[0052] In the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, for the second piston mechanism a3, the second piston mechanism a3 comprises a second piston rod 22 and a second piston cylinder 25, the second piston cylinder 25 comprises a first cylinder body 29 and a second cylinder body 212 which are not communicated with each other, the diameter of the first cylinder body 29 is larger than that of the second cylinder body 212, the first cylinder body 29 is communicated with the first piston mechanism a2, a slidable second piston block 26 is arranged in the first cylinder body, the second piston block 26 is fixedly connected with one end of the second piston rod 22, the second cylinder body 212 is communicated with a carbon dioxide collecting device b, a slidable third piston block 210 is arranged in the second cylinder body 212, the third piston block 210 is fixedly connected with the other end of the second piston rod 22, the second piston rod 22 is used for carrying out piston motion in the first cylinder body 29 and the second cylinder body 212 under the driving of fluid so as to compress carbon dioxide in the second cylinder body 212, the second cylinder body 29 is driven by the fluid pressed in the first cylinder body 29, the second cylinder body 29 is driven by the fluid in the first cylinder body 2 to carry out the second piston body 22 to carry out the carbon dioxide compression in the supercritical state, and the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure state is converted into the high-temperature state in the liquid state in the piston rod, and the high-pressure state is conveyed by the pumping device c.|[0053] It should be noted that, the two ends of the first cylinder 29 are respectively provided with a left valve 27 and a right valve 28, and a fourth pressure regulating valve 216 is communicated between the second cylinder 212 and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c, and the fourth pressure regulating valve 216 is used for discharging the carbon dioxide compressed in the second cylinder 212 to the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c.|[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, for the purpose of automatically completing the piston movement of the second piston mechanism a3, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the carbon dioxide compression device a further includes a reversing mechanism 24; the first piston mechanism a2 is communicated with the reversing mechanism 24, the reversing mechanism 24 is communicated with two ends of the first cylinder 29, the reversing mechanism 24 is used for controlling the driving direction of fluid in the first cylinder 29, through the arrangement, the fluid introduced from the first piston mechanism a2 can enter the first cylinder 29 through the reversing mechanism 24 in a controlled way, for example, the fluid firstly enters the first cylinder 29 and is provided with a rod section, the second piston is pushed to move left, when the second piston contacts the in-place left valve 27, the reversing mechanism 24 reverses, hydraulic oil enters the rod section of the first cylinder 29, the third piston is pushed to move right and pressurizes carbon dioxide gas in the second cylinder 212, the first cylinder 29 is provided with a rod section hydraulic oil to be discharged into the second oil tank 214, when the second piston contacts the in-place right valve 28, the reversing mechanism 24 reverses again, the circulating and repeatedly pressurizes the second cylinder 212, meanwhile, the hydraulic oil in the rod section of the first cylinder 29 is driven to be discharged into the third oil tank 213 through the reversing mechanism 24, when the pressure is required, the hydraulic oil in the second cylinder 212 is discharged through the fourth compression valve 216, and then discharged through the sixth air outlet valve 215 to the one-way pump device after the pressure reaches the required.|[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, a gas flowmeter 217 is disposed between the second cylinder 212 and the collecting cylinder 39 to control the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide to be fed to the second cylinder 212 at a time, and after a certain amount of carbon dioxide is fed, the inlet for feeding carbon dioxide to the second cylinder 212 is closed until the pressure of the compressed carbon dioxide in the second cylinder 212 reaches the demand (as shown by the second pressure gauge 17), the high-pressure carbon dioxide is fed to the storage tank 415, the inlet for feeding carbon dioxide to the second cylinder 212 is opened, and the feeding of a certain amount of carbon dioxide to the second cylinder 212 is repeated.|[0056] It should be noted that the above fluids include, but are not limited to, hydraulic oil, and those skilled in the art can choose according to their actual situation.|[0057] When the heave floater 11 moves downwards, the hydraulic oil in the rod cavity 12 of the driving oil cylinder enters the oil inlet pipe 23 through the fourth one-way valve 117 and the second pressure regulating valve 115 and then enters the first cylinder 29 of the second piston mechanism a3 to realize piston movement so as to compress carbon dioxide in the second cylinder 212.|[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 7, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c driven by wave energy includes a storage tank 415, a second float mechanism c1, and a third piston mechanism c2, wherein the storage tank 415 is communicated with the third piston mechanism c2 through a liquid inlet pipe, the storage tank 415 is communicated with the second piston mechanism a3 through the liquid inlet pipe, one end of the second float mechanism c1 is disposed on the water surface, the other end of the second float mechanism c1 is disposed in the third piston mechanism c2, the third piston mechanism c2 is communicated with the carbon delivery pipe 49, the second float mechanism c1 drives the third piston mechanism c2 to perform piston motion under the pushing of ocean wave, and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the third piston mechanism c2 is delivered to the carbon delivery pipe 49, by such arrangement, the supercritical carbon dioxide driven by wave energy can be pumped to the carbon delivery pipe 49 through the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device c and delivered to the relatively stable sediment layer 411 in the deep sea through the carbon delivery pipe 49.|[0059] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 7, for the storage tank 415, the storage tank 415 is provided with a heating station 416 to ensure that the temperature inside the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 415 is maintained above 40 ℃.|[0060] It should be noted that the filter is provided at the outlet of the reservoir 415 to filter other impurities such as water, and that supercritical carbon dioxide breaks the elastomeric sealing material and thus seals with high hardness (> 90) elastomers.|[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, as for the second float mechanism c1, as shown in fig. 7, the second float mechanism c1 includes, but is not limited to, an oscillating float 41, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to their actual needs.|[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 7, for the third piston mechanism c2, the third piston mechanism c2 includes a third piston rod 412, a third piston cylinder 40, a communication chamber 48, a first ball-type on-off valve 43, and a second ball-type on-off valve 44; the third piston cylinder 40 includes a third cylinder body 46 and a fourth cylinder body 47 separated by a partition plate, the third cylinder body 46 being in communication with the fourth cylinder body 47; the third cylinder 46 is internally provided with a fourth sliding piston block 42 which can slide, the fourth sliding piston block 42 is fixedly connected with one end of a third piston rod 412, the other end of the third piston rod 412 extends out of the third cylinder 46, the other end of the third piston rod 412 is fixedly connected with a second float mechanism c1, the third cylinder 46 is connected with a communication cavity 48, a first spherical switching valve 43 is arranged between the communication cavity 48 and the third cylinder 46, the first spherical switching valve 43 is used for controlling the communication and disconnection of the third cylinder 46 and the communication cavity 48, the fourth cylinder 47 is connected with the communication cavity 48, a second spherical switching valve 44 is arranged between the communication cavity 48 and the fourth cylinder 47, the second spherical switching valve 44 is used for controlling the communication and disconnection of the fourth cylinder 47 and the communication cavity 48, the communication cavity 48 is communicated with a carbon conveying pipe 49, the third piston rod 412 is used for performing piston motion in the third cylinder 46, so as to selectively control the opening of the first spherical switching valve 43 or the second spherical switching valve 44, and the supercritical carbon dioxide of the third cylinder 46 is enabled to move from the supercritical carbon dioxide of the communication cavity 48 to the third cylinder 46 to the spherical switching valve 48, and the third spherical switching valve 44 is enabled to be opened when the spherical switching valve 45 is opened to the spherical switching valve 45 is driven by the spherical switching valve 45 c, and the spherical switching valve 45 is opened due to the fact that the third piston rod is opened, and the spherical switching valve 45 is opened, and the spherical switching valve is opened when the spherical switching valve is opened and the spherical switching valve 45 is arranged from the spherical switching valve 45 and the valve 1, the right opening is opened, supercritical carbon dioxide flows out of the storage tank 415 (the third cylinder 46 and the fourth cylinder 47 are filled with supercritical carbon dioxide), enters the third cylinder 46 through the liquid inlet pipe, and meanwhile, the supercritical carbon dioxide in the fourth cylinder 47 flows out through the right opening of the hemispherical switch valve 45 under the pushing of the fourth piston block 42, and is transported to the sediment layer 411 in the deep sea through the conveying pipe for sealing.|[0063] The pipe of the transfer pipe 49 is made of carbon steel, and a check valve 413 is provided at the bottom to prevent the supercritical carbon dioxide from flowing back.|[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 1, the oil and gas exploitation system includes a semi-submersible drilling platform 52, a derrick 53, a tower crane 58, a christmas tree 55, a production pipe 57 and an oil tank 414, the oil tank 414 is arranged on the semi-submersible drilling platform 52, the derrick 53 supports the stability of the platform 52, the production pipe 57 is vertically arranged, the bottom end of the production pipe 57 penetrates into the submarine rock layer 410, the top of the production pipe 57 is connected to the bottom of the platform and is communicated with the oil tank 414, and a separator is arranged at the connection part of the upper part of the production pipe 57 and the oil tank 414 for oil and gas separation, so that the oil and gas exploitation system can successfully conduct exploitation through the arrangement.|[0065] In some embodiments of the present application, the tree 55 consists of a sleeve four-way, sleeve gate, tubing head, tubing four-way, main gate, production gate, paraffin removal gate, and accessories to which it pertains.|[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of oil recovery tubes 57 are arranged in an annular array around carbon transport tube 49, and the plurality of oil recovery tubes 57 are in surface abutment with each of carbon transport tube 49 to transfer heat from the plurality of oil recovery tubes 57 to carbon transport tube 49 to maintain the temperature of carbon transport tube 49 and to enable carbon dioxide to maintain a supercritical state.|[0067] In addition, the platform is provided with a ground safety valve 56, the ground safety valve 56 is a safety protection device which is automatically closed along with the reduction of control pressure and automatically opened when the control pressure is recovered, the underground safety valve 417 is arranged in the oil production pipe 57 which is about 100m away from the sea surface, the underground safety valve 417 operates according to the hydraulic piston principle, the valve is opened by the hydraulic pressure supplied by a wellhead control panel, the valve is kept in an open state as long as a certain hydraulic pressure exists, the closing mode can be actuated remotely, the oil production pipe 57 can also be manually operated on the wellhead control panel, the oil production pipe 57 can be transported upwards from the rock stratum 410 to the oil storage tank 415 through the oil production pipe 57, and the petroleum with higher temperature can also provide proper temperature conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide.|[0068] While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, such changes and modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the invention. | Family Number|(105574041)|105574041|Abstract|(CN116357503B B)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean new energy utilization , in particular to a wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide storage technology combined system which comprises a carbon conveying pipe , a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves , a carbon dioxide compression device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device . The carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression device , the carbon dioxide compression device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device , the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon conveying pipe , and the carbon outlet end of the carbon conveying pipe is arranged on the deposition layer ; the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for being matched with the carbon conveying pipe to convey supercritical carbon dioxide to the deposition layer for sealing and storage . The carbon dioxide collection device , the carbon dioxide compression device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are driven by ocean waves to cooperate with one another to complete carbon sequestration , clean and renewable wave energy provides driving force for carbon dioxide sequestration , and the problem that clean and renewable energy sources cannot be used for carbon sequestration in the prior art is solved . | | Engines, pumps, turbines | F03B-011/00|F03B-011/00/4|F03B-011/00/8|F03B-011/08|F03B-013/14/2|F03B-013/18/9|F04B-035/00|F04B-035/06|F04B-041/02|F17C-007/00|Y02E-010/22|Y02E-010/226|Y02E-010/28|Y02E-010/30|Y02E-010/38|Y02E-010/72|Y02E-060/15|Y02E-060/17|Y02E-070/30|Y02P-090/50 | F03B-011/00|F03B-011/00/4|F03B-011/00/8|F03B-011/08|F03B-013/14/2|F03B-013/18/9|F04B-035/00|F04B-035/06|F04B-041/02|F17C-007/00|Y02E-010/22|Y02E-010/226|Y02E-010/28|Y02E-010/30|Y02E-010/38|Y02E-010/72|Y02E-060/15|Y02E-060/17|Y02E-070/30|Y02P-090/50 | F03B-011/00|F03B-011/08|F03B-013/14|F03B-013/18|F04B-035/06|F04B-041/02 | F03B-011/00|F03B-011/08|F03B-013/14|F03B-013/18|F04B-035/06|F04B-041/02 | CN117627850 | CN117627850 108715019 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A | CN114278257|CN109578197|CN108139502|WO2010149953|CN101666286|WO201029285|EP1295379|US5635070|JP05004039|CN111075525|CN107893735 | CN114278257 99401384 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN109578197 84052871 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN108139502 76398916 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2010149953 46623631 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN101666286 6956696 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO201029285 17900126 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|EP1295379 1510306 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US5635070 42945202 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|JP05004039 20046276 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN111075525 88457851 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN107893735 79333166 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 侯光武, 丁信伟, 陈彦泽, 郑小平: "超临界二氧化碳在密闭竖直细管内传热试验", 石油化工高等学校学报, no. 01, 25 March 2005 (2005-03-25) (Cat. A) | JP05004039; CN101666286; WO2010149953; CN114278257; US5635070; EP1295379; WO201029285; CN108139502; CN109578197; CN111075525; CN107893735 | GRANTED | (CN116357503)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN116357503)|ALIVE | (CN116357503)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN116357503|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-05-19|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-05-19|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202310567663|Application date=2023-05-19|Standardized application number=2023CN-0567663|Event publication date=2023-06-30|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116357503|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-06-30|Standardized publication number=CN116357503|Event publication date=2023-06-30|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-07-18|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-07-29|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116357503|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2025-07-29|Standardized publication number=CN116357503B|Event publication date=2025-07-29|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN116357503)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoTxSHN0Hi8X6xj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000078356612&ekey=2073&xpn=CN116357503B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=hB7vuBbTAgSZSNwvvU%252FTz7msLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN116357503)|CN|(CN116357503)|CN | (CN116357503)|NAME=SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN|(CN116357503)|NAME=SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN116357503)|NAME=XIAO XIANGLI;GUANGDONG NORTH AND SOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=44918|(CN116357503)|NAME=XIAO XIANGLI;GUANGDONG NORTH AND SOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=44918 | (CN116357503)|CN| | (CN116357503)|NAME=CHEN WENCHUANG, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=HUANG ZHENHAI|(CN116357503)|NAME=CHEN WENCHUANG|NAME=HUANG ZHENHAI | Titre: (CN116357503)|System combining wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide sealing technology Résumé: (CN116357503)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean new energy utilization, in particular to a wave energy utilization and carbon dioxide storage technology combined system which comprises a carbon conveying pipe, a carbon dioxide collecting device driven by ocean waves, a carbon dioxide compression device and a supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device. The carbon dioxide collecting device is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression device, the carbon dioxide compression device is communicated with the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device, the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is communicated with the carbon conveying pipe, and the carbon outlet end of the carbon conveying pipe is arranged on the deposition layer; the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device is used for being matched with the carbon conveying pipe to convey supercritical carbon dioxide to the deposition layer for sealing and storage. The carbon dioxide collection device, the carbon dioxide compression device and the supercritical carbon dioxide pumping device are driven by ocean waves to cooperate with one another to complete carbon sequestration, clean and renewable wave energy provides driving force for carbon dioxide sequestration, and the problem that clean and renewable energy sources cannot be used for carbon sequestration in the prior art is solved. | 43.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a system for carbon dioxide storage using wave energy, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 11.0 | 1.0 | (CN116357503)|1 | (CN116357503)|7 | (CN116357503)|8|(CN116357503)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN116357503)|7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN116357503)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-07-29|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-3101|Substantial examination effective date: 20230718 Examination duration: 24 months|Number of Pages: NPAGES=18|Primary examiner: 胡莹莹|Primary examiner: Hu Yingying||(CN116357503)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-06-30|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-2602|Number of Pages: NPAGES=18|Primary examiner: 胡莹莹|Primary examiner: Hu Yingying| | (CN116357503)|Previous publication: CN116357503 A 2023-06-30 [CN116357503] | (CN116357503)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN116357503B)|Patent|(CN116357503)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||
| 51 | CN202110929719 | CN202110929719 | CN113525614|CN113525614 | 96576182 | CN113525614 B 2022-06-10 [CN113525614B]|CN113525614 A 2021-10-22 [CN113525614] | 2021-08-13 | 2021-08-13 | 2022-06-10|2021-10-22 | (CN113525614B)|2022-06-10 | (CN113525614)|2041-08-13 | (CN113525614)|Ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and working method thereof | (CN113525614)|The invention relates to an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ocean observation. The device comprises an observation platform, a buoyancy driving platform and a guide driving mechanism, the observation platform is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driving platform, the carbon dioxide concentration is observed through the observation platform, and the guide driving mechanism is arranged on the side face of the buoyancy driving platform. The observation water depth and the observation direction of the observation platform are adjusted through the buoyancy driving platform and the guide driving mechanism. The device can actively control the observation water depth and the observation direction, realizes the monitoring of the carbon dioxide concentration of the ocean profile, and realizes the observation of high-precision carbon dioxide flux by collecting seawater through the fairing and the conical funnel, thereby providing technical support for the related research of the ocean carbon sequestration capability and assisting the development of the related technology of carbon neutralization. | SHANDONG UNIVERSITY|SHENZHEN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY | (CN113525614)|SHANDONG UNIVERSITY ([CN])|SHENZHEN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY|(CN113525614)|SHANDONG UNIVERSITY ([CN])|SHENZHEN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY | XUE GANG|LIU YANJUN|BAI FAGANG|GUO LEI|HUANG SHUTING | (CN113525614)|XUE GANG|LIU YANJUN|BAI FAGANG|GUO LEI|HUANG SHUTING|(CN113525614)|XUE GANG|LIU YANJUN|BAI FAGANG|GUO LEI|HUANG SHUTING | (CN113525614)|ZHAO LONGQUN;JINAN JINDI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 37219 | (CN113525614)|1. An ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device is characterized by comprising an observation platform, a buoyancy driving platform and a guide driving mechanism, wherein the top end of the buoyancy driving platform is provided with the observation platform, the carbon dioxide concentration is observed through the observation platform, the side surface of the buoyancy driving platform is provided with the guide driving mechanism, and the observation depth and the observation direction of the observation platform are adjusted through the buoyancy driving platform and the guide driving mechanism; the buoyancy driving platform comprises a cabin body, an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a buoyancy oil bag, an oil storage oil bag, an internal frame, a hydraulic system and a battery, wherein the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the cabin body; the observation platform comprises a flow guide cover, a sealing cover and a carbon dioxide sensor, the flow guide cover is connected with the sealing cover through a flow guide cover bracket, and the sealing cover is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driving platform; the kuppe support includes 2 vertical supports, has the round stand through bearing swing joint between 2 vertical supports, and round stand one side is connected with vertical driving motor through the bearing, and the round stand internal fixation has the kuppe, and the kuppe support is connected to the closing cap through the rolling disc, and the rolling disc center is connected with horizontal driving motor, and horizontal driving motor output shaft passes the closing cap.| | (CN113525614)|Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device which can actively control and observe the water depth and the observation direction, realize the monitoring of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration, collect seawater by virtue of a fairing and a conical funnel and realize the observation of high-precision carbon dioxide flux, thereby providing technical support for the relevant research of ocean carbon sequestration capacity, and assisting in carbon neutralization and the development of the relevant technology. The invention also provides a working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device.|The invention relates to an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ocean observation.| | (CN113525614)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,145)|SEA(100,43)|CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(100,41)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(100,27)|BUOYANCY DRIVING PLATFORM(100,21)|OCEAN PROFILE(100,9)|OCEAN PROFILE CARBON DIOXIDE(100,6)|CONICAL FUNNEL(78,60)|OCEAN OBSERVATION(56,2)|FLOATING PLATFORM(46,21)|BUOYANCY OIL BAG(43,1)|OBSERVATION PLATFORM(37,20)|FAIRING VIRTUE(37,1)|PROPELLER THRUSTER(36,5)|SEAWATER(35,41)|OCEAN MONITORING(35,1)|MOORING ROPE(34,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE SENSOR(30,48)|ROLLING DISC(29,6)|OBSERVATION DEPTH(29,4)|CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(29,3)|CABLE CONNECTOR(27,12)|SEAWATER DEPTH(27,6)|RELEVANT RESEARCH(27,4)|OCEAN VERTICAL PROFILE OBSERVATION(25,4)|HORIZONTAL PLANE(24,30)|CABIN(24,12)|KUPPE SUPPORT(24,6)|OBSERVATION DIRECTION(23,6)|OBSERVATION TASK(23,6)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(23,2)|SEAWATER COLLECTION(23,2)|HOSE(22,24)|SEAWATER DETECTION(22,6)|FLUX OBSERVATION(22,2)|ROTARY STAND(21,2)|OBSERVATION PLATFORM OBSERVATION DIRECTION(20,3)|OCEAN HORIZONTAL PROFILE OBSERVATION(19,3)|KUPPE(18,2)|ROUND STAND INTERNAL FIXATION(18,2)|CLOSING CAP(17,4)|OCEAN CARBON FIXATION CAPACITY(17,2)|SEALING COVER(16,2)|STAND INTERNAL FIXATION(16,2)|OIL STORAGE OIL BAG(16,1)|HORIZONTAL DRIVING MOTOR(15,15)|BUOYANCY ADJUSTMENT(15,3)|CONE SHAPED FUNNEL(15,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT(14,14)|WATER DEPTH(14,4)|HEAVY ANCHOR(14,3)|OCEAN HORIZONTAL DIRECTION(13,8)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION VIEWING(13,1)|FLOW GUIDE(12,12)|CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX(11,6)|EARTH BASE STATION(10,6)|OFFSHORE BASE STATION(10,6)|SEAWATER MAXIMUM AREA(10,6)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(10,3)|STEERING(10,2)|SEALING(9,9)|INTERNAL FRAME(9,7)|DATA OBSERVATION(9,6)|OCEAN CURRENT DIRECTION(9,6)|BUOYANCY DRIVEN PLATFORM(8,3)|MULTIFUNCTIONAL SEABED FLUX(8,1)|OCEAN VERTICAL DIRECTION OBSERVATION(7,5)|CIRCUMFERENTIAL DIRECTION(7,3)|MOTOR OUTPUT SHAFT(7,2)|TECHNICAL SUPPORT(6,3)|BUOYANCY REINFORCING(6,2)|MULTIPARAMETER SENSOR(6,2)|SEABED SOIL(6,2)|ARGO PROFILE BUOY(6,1)|BUOYANCY DEBILITATION(6,1)|CLIMATE DISASTER(6,1)|END COVER(5,7)|SET DEPTH(5,6)|BUOYANCY DRIVING PLATFORM INTERIOR(5,2)|SEAWATER CARBON DIOXIDE OBSERVATION(5,2)|BUOYANCY DEBILITY(5,1)|OCEAN SECTION CARBON DIOXIDE(4,7)|AIR CENTRAL AXIS(4,6)|DETECTION TIME(4,6)|DEPTH DEPARTMENT(4,2)|EXCHANGE MEASUREMENT(4,2)|ANCHORING PLATFORM(4,1)|OCEAN ADJUSTMENT(4,1)|OCEAN OBSERVATION EQUIPMENT(4,1)|OIL SUCTION BUOYANCY(4,1)|UNDISTURBED MONITORING(4,1)|HYDRAULIC SYSTEM(3,26)|SET SPEED(3,9)|UPPER END COVER(3,5)|ARBITRARY SEAWATER DEGREE(3,2)|BUOYANCY OIL POCKET VOLUME(3,2)|MARINE ORGANISM(3,2)|ATMOSPHERE YEAR(3,1)|BUOYANT DRIVE PLATFORM(3,1)|FLUX CULTURE DISH(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING PHENOMENON(3,1)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON FLUX OBSERVATION(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(3,1)||(CN113525614)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,148)|CONICAL FUNNEL(100,60)|SEA(100,45)|CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(100,44)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION OBSERVATION(100,30)|OCEAN PROFILE(100,9)|OCEAN PROFILE CARBON DIOXIDE(100,6)|BUOYANCY DRIVING PLATFORM(73,11)|OCEAN OBSERVATION(72,2)|FLOATING PLATFORM(59,21)|BUOYANCY(49,57)|FAIRING VIRTUE(47,1)|PROPELLER THRUSTER(46,5)|SEAWATER(45,41)|OCEAN MONITORING(45,1)|OBSERVATION DEPTH(41,3)|OBSERVATION PLATFORM(40,18)|CARBON DIOXIDE SENSOR(37,48)|CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(37,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION OBSERVING(36,4)|RELEVANT RESEARCH(35,4)|CABLE CONNECTOR(34,12)|SEAWATER DEPTH(34,6)|OCEAN VERTICAL PROFILE OBSERVATION(32,4)|BUOYANCY OIL BAG(32,1)|HORIZONTAL PLANE(31,30)|OBSERVATION TASK(30,6)|SEAWATER COLLECTION(30,2)|MOORING ROPE(29,3)|FLUX OBSERVATION(29,2)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(29,2)|HOSE(28,24)|SEAWATER DETECTION(28,6)|ROTATING DISC(25,2)|BUOYANCY DRIVEN PLATFORM(24,4)|OBSERVATION DIRECTION(24,4)|OCEAN HORIZONTAL PROFILE OBSERVATION(24,3)|WATER OBSERVATION DEPTH(24,2)|MECHANISM ADJUSTMENT OBSERVATION PLATFORM(22,2)|INTERNAL FRAME(21,6)|BUOYANCY ADJUSTMENT(21,2)|OCEAN CARBON FIXATION CAPACITY(21,2)|PLATFORM(19,11)|CONE SHAPED FUNNEL(19,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT(18,14)|WATER DEPTH(18,4)|HEAVY ANCHOR(18,3)|HORIZONTAL DRIVING MOTOR(17,15)|OCEAN HORIZONTAL DIRECTION(17,8)|CIRCULAR FRAME(17,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION VIEWING(17,1)|OBSERVATION PLATFORM OBSERVATION DIRECTION(17,1)|POD SUPPORT(17,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX(15,6)|EARTH BASE STATION(13,6)|OCEAN VERTICAL DIRECTION OBSERVATION(13,6)|OFFSHORE BASE STATION(13,6)|SEAWATER MAXIMUM AREA(13,6)|ACTUATING DIRECTION(13,4)|PLATFORM TOP(13,2)|STEERING(13,2)|FLOW GUIDE(12,12)|DATA OBSERVATION(12,6)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(12,3)|SEALING COVER(12,2)|OIL STORAGE OIL BAG(12,1)|OCEAN CURRENT DIRECTION(11,6)|MULTIFUNCTIONAL SUBMARINE FLUX(10,1)|CIRCUMFERENTIAL DIRECTION(9,3)|BUOYANCY DEBILITY(9,2)|ROLLING DISC(8,4)|TECHNICAL SUPPORT(8,3)|BUOYANCY REINFORCING(8,2)|CABIN OUTER SIDE(8,2)|MULTIPARAMETER SENSOR(8,2)|SEABED SOIL(8,2)|CLIMATE DISASTER(8,1)|BUOYANCY DRIVING PLATFORM INTERIOR(7,2)|PLATFORM SIDE(7,2)|SEAWATER CARBON DIOXIDE OBSERVATION(7,2)|SET DEPTH(6,6)|KUPPE SUPPORT(6,4)|ANCHORING PLATFORM(6,1)|OCEAN OBSERVATION EQUIPMENT(6,1)|UNDISTURBED MONITORING(6,1)|OCEAN SECTION CARBON DIOXIDE(5,7)|AIR CENTRAL AXIS(5,6)|DETECTION TIME(5,6)|CLOSING CAP(5,3)|DEPTH DEPARTMENT(5,2)|EXCHANGE MEASUREMENT(5,2)|ATMOSPHERE YEAR(5,1)|BUOYANT DRIVE PLATFORM(5,1)|FLUX CULTURE DISH(5,1)|GLOBAL WARMING PHENOMENON(5,1)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION(5,1)|OBSERVATION PLATFORM OBSERVATION DEPTH(5,1)| | (CN113525614)|1. An ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device is characterized by comprising an observation platform, a buoyancy driving platform and a guide driving mechanism, wherein the top end of the buoyancy driving platform is provided with the observation platform, the carbon dioxide concentration is observed through the observation platform, the side surface of the buoyancy driving platform is provided with the guide driving mechanism, and the observation depth and the observation direction of the observation platform are adjusted through the buoyancy driving platform and the guide driving mechanism;|the buoyancy driving platform comprises a cabin body, an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a buoyancy oil bag, an oil storage oil bag, an internal frame, a hydraulic system and a battery, wherein the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the cabin body;|the observation platform comprises a flow guide cover, a sealing cover and a carbon dioxide sensor, the flow guide cover is connected with the sealing cover through a flow guide cover bracket, and the sealing cover is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driving platform;|the kuppe support includes 2 vertical supports, has the round stand through bearing swing joint between 2 vertical supports, and round stand one side is connected with vertical driving motor through the bearing, and the round stand internal fixation has the kuppe, and the kuppe support is connected to the closing cap through the rolling disc, and the rolling disc center is connected with horizontal driving motor, and horizontal driving motor output shaft passes the closing cap.|2. The ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observing device of claim 1, wherein a base is provided outside the lower end cap.|3. The ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observing device of claim 1, wherein a cone-shaped funnel is arranged in the air guide sleeve, and the cone-shaped funnel is connected with the carbon dioxide sensor through a hose.|4. The ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration viewing device of claim 3, wherein the steering drive mechanism is a cable connector or a propeller.|5. The method for operating the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observing device according to claim 4, comprising the following steps:|(1) when the guide driving mechanism is a cable connector, the cable connector is arranged on one side of the cabin body, and the buoyancy driving platform is connected with a cable between the floating platform and the heavy anchor in a sliding manner through the cable connector;|(2) starting a hydraulic system, and adjusting buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag to enable the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to operate to a set depth;|(3) observing in the ocean horizontal direction, starting a vertical driving motor to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor to enable the flow guide cover to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the opening of the flow guide cover faces to different horizontal directions, and under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, seawater enters a conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enters a carbon dioxide sensor through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel;|(4) detecting and recording the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater by a carbon dioxide sensor, and discharging the detected seawater into the ocean again;|(5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|(6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats upwards to the floating platform along the mooring rope, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task.|6. The method for observing the concentration of carbon dioxide in ocean section according to claim 5, wherein the step (3) comprises observing the ocean in the vertical direction and in the vertical section, starting the vertical driving motor to make the central axis of the air guide sleeve vertical to the horizontal plane, and allowing seawater to enter the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve, and then enter the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, wherein the current ocean vertical direction is observed;|the hydraulic system is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag, the buoyancy oil bag is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards along the mooring rope at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, the ocean vertical profile observation is carried out.|7. The working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observing device of claim 6, characterized in that the operation steps are as follows:|(1) when the guide driving mechanism is a propeller thruster, 4 propeller thrusters are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer wall surface of the cabin body;|(2) the propeller drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move to a set position on a horizontal plane, and the hydraulic system adjusts buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag, so that the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device runs to a set depth;|(3) observing the ocean horizontal direction and the horizontal section, starting a vertical driving motor to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor to enable the flow guide cover to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the opening of the flow guide cover faces to different horizontal directions, under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, seawater enters a conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover, then enters a carbon dioxide sensor through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and then is observed in the ocean horizontal direction;|the propeller drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move on the horizontal plane at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve, then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, the ocean horizontal profile observation is carried out;|observing the ocean vertical direction and the vertical section, starting a vertical driving motor to ensure that the central axis of the air guide sleeve is vertical to the horizontal plane, and allowing seawater to enter the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve, pass through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel and enter the carbon dioxide sensor, wherein the current ocean vertical direction observation is performed at the moment;|the hydraulic system is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag, the buoyancy oil bag is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards according to a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, ocean vertical profile observation is conducted;|(4) detecting and recording the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater by a carbon dioxide sensor, and discharging the detected seawater into the ocean again;|(5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|(6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats to the floating platform, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and then the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task. | (CN113525614)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ocean observation.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Carbon dioxide is a common greenhouse gas, and although only 0.041% of the total volume of the atmosphere occupying the sphere has a significant impact on global climate change. With the increase of the consumption of fossil fuels, the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases year by year, and the global warming phenomenon is more and more severe, so that extreme climate disasters are frequent.|[0003] The ocean is the largest active carbon reservoir on the earth, and can continuously absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to maintain global carbon cycle. The method for storing carbon dioxide by using seawater and marine organisms becomes an important way for reducing the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Dissolved carbon dioxide in sea water can be transferred to both the atmosphere, the seabed soil, marine organisms and from one area of the sea to another, and therefore the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in a local sea area is dynamically changing. The total carbon passing through a unit area in unit time is defined as carbon flux, so the carbon flux can be used for describing the change process of dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean, is an important index for measuring the carbon sequestration capacity of the ocean and is a key factor for researching the global carbon cycle.|[0004] At present, the observation of ocean carbon flux is mainly focused on the measurement of exchange flux between seawater and the atmosphere and the measurement of exchange flux between seawater and seabed soil. For example, chinese patent document CN101852723B discloses a device and a method for measuring the flux of carbon dioxide in sea air, which obtains the flux of carbon dioxide in sea air interface by using a method of separately extracting a water sample and a gas sample to a carbon dioxide partial pressure measuring sensor for measurement, and is suitable for automatic observation of a long-time sequence of an anchoring platform. Chinese patent document CN103969402B discloses a multifunctional seabed flux and sediment in-situ sampling device, which is used for measuring carbon flux between seawater and seabed sediment by a flux culture dish suspended on a support system, and can realize undisturbed monitoring.|[0005] The substance exchange of the ocean along the vertical section and the substance exchange of the ocean along the horizontal section both affect the change of the carbon dioxide concentration, and the monitoring of the change of the carbon dioxide flux in the ocean water body is particularly important. Chinese patent document CN111071390B discloses a marine environmental information submerged buoy device based on multi-parameter sensors, which can replace the mentioned multi-parameter sensors with dissolved carbon dioxide sensors to realize the measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration in the marine water body. However, the device can only measure the carbon dioxide concentration at a single point, cannot measure the carbon dioxide flux, and further cannot monitor the carbon dioxide transportation process at different water depths and different directions.|[0006] Therefore, the existing ocean carbon dioxide concentration observation device cannot monitor the carbon dioxide concentration of the ocean profile and cannot observe the carbon dioxide flux in the ocean water body, which becomes a technical bottleneck restricting the relevant research on the ocean carbon sequestration capacity.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device which can actively control and observe the water depth and the observation direction, realize the monitoring of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration, collect seawater by virtue of a fairing and a conical funnel and realize the observation of high-precision carbon dioxide flux, thereby providing technical support for the relevant research of ocean carbon sequestration capacity, and assisting in carbon neutralization and the development of the relevant technology.|[0008] The invention also provides a working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device.|[0009] The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:|[0010] the utility model provides an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device, includes observation platform, buoyancy drive platform and direction actuating mechanism, and wherein, buoyancy drive platform top is provided with observation platform, observes carbon dioxide concentration through observation platform, is provided with direction actuating mechanism on the buoyancy drive platform side, through the observation depth of water and the observation position of buoyancy drive platform and direction actuating mechanism adjustment observation platform.|[0011] Preferably, the buoyancy drive platform includes the cabin body, the upper end cover, the lower extreme cover, the buoyancy oil bag, the oil storage oil bag, internal frame, hydraulic system and battery, cabin body top and bottom are provided with upper end cover and lower extreme cover respectively, the internal frame that is provided with, the internal frame middle part is provided with hydraulic system, hydraulic system is connected with the battery, the internal frame bottom is arranged in to the battery, the upper end cover lower part is provided with the oil storage oil bag, the oil storage oil bag is connected with hydraulic system, cabin body outside upper end is provided with the buoyancy oil bag, the buoyancy oil bag is connected with the oil storage oil bag, the cabin body outside is provided with direction actuating mechanism. When the device rises, hydraulic system starts, and the oil pump in the oil storage oil bag is buoyancy oil bag, buoyancy oil bag volume grow, and buoyancy reinforcing drives the whole come-up of device, and when the device sinks, the oil pump in the buoyancy oil bag is oil storage oil bag, and buoyancy oil bag volume reduces, and buoyancy debility, the device is whole to sink, makes ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device can hover in arbitrary sea water degree of depth department through buoyancy oil bag.|[0012] Further preferably, a base is arranged on the outer side of the lower end cover. The lower end cover is protected by the base.|[0013] Preferably, the observation platform comprises a flow guide cover, a sealing cover and a carbon dioxide sensor, the flow guide cover is connected with the sealing cover through a flow guide cover support, and the sealing cover is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driving platform.|[0014] Further preferably, the kuppe support includes 2 vertical supports, has the round stand through bearing swing joint between 2 vertical supports, and round stand one side is connected with vertical driving motor through the bearing, and the round stand internal fixation has the kuppe, and the kuppe support is connected to the closing cap through the rolling disc, and the rolling disc center is connected with horizontal driving motor, and horizontal driving motor output shaft passes the closing cap. The opening direction of the air guide sleeve is adjusted through a vertical driving motor and a horizontal driving motor.|[0015] Preferably, a conical funnel is arranged in the air guide sleeve and connected with a carbon dioxide sensor through a hose.|[0016] Preferably, the steering drive mechanism is a cable connector for steering the buoyant drive platform or a propeller for horizontal motion drive.|[0017] The working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device comprises the following operation steps:|[0018] (1) when the guide driving mechanism is a cable connector, the cable connector is arranged on one side of the cabin body, and the buoyancy driving platform is connected with a cable between the floating platform and the heavy anchor in a sliding manner through the cable connector;|[0019] (2) starting a hydraulic system, and adjusting buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag to enable the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to operate to a set depth;|[0020] (3) observing in the ocean horizontal direction, starting a vertical driving motor to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor to enable the flow guide cover to rotate in the horizontal plane, enabling the opening of the flow guide cover to face different horizontal directions, and under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, enabling seawater to enter a conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enter a carbon dioxide sensor through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel;|[0021] (4) detecting and recording the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater by a carbon dioxide sensor, and discharging the detected seawater into the ocean again;|[0022] (5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|[0023] |[0024] in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|[0025] (6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats upwards to the floating platform along the mooring rope, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task.|[0026] Preferably, the ocean vertical direction and vertical section observation are carried out in the step (3), the vertical driving motor is started to enable the central axis of the air guide sleeve to be vertical to the horizontal plane, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve and then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and the current ocean vertical direction observation is carried out at this moment;|[0027] the hydraulic system is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag, the buoyancy oil bag is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards along the cable at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and the ocean vertical profile observation is carried out at the moment.|[0028] The working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device comprises the following operation steps:|[0029] (1) when the guide driving mechanism is a propeller thruster, 4 propeller thrusters are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer wall surface of the cabin body;|[0030] (2) the propeller drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move to a set position on a horizontal plane, and the hydraulic system adjusts buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag, so that the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device runs to a set depth;|[0031] (3) observing the ocean horizontal direction and the horizontal section, starting a vertical driving motor to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor to enable the flow guide cover to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the opening of the flow guide cover faces different horizontal directions, under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, seawater enters a conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover, then enters a carbon dioxide sensor through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, observing in the ocean horizontal direction;|[0032] the propeller drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move on the horizontal plane at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve, then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, the ocean horizontal profile observation is carried out;|[0033] observing the ocean vertical direction and the vertical section, starting a vertical driving motor to ensure that the central axis of the air guide sleeve is vertical to the horizontal plane, and allowing seawater to enter the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve, pass through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel and enter the carbon dioxide sensor, wherein the current ocean vertical direction observation is performed at the moment;|[0034] the hydraulic system is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag, the buoyancy oil bag is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards according to a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, ocean vertical profile observation is conducted;|[0035] (4) detecting and recording the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater by a carbon dioxide sensor, and discharging the detected seawater into the ocean again;|[0036] (5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|[0037] |[0038] in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|[0039] (6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats to the floating platform, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and then the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task.|[0040] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0041] 1. the invention can actively control and observe the water depth and the observation direction, realize the monitoring of the concentration of the carbon dioxide on the ocean profile, and realize the observation of the flux of the carbon dioxide with high precision by collecting seawater through the fairing and the conical funnel, thereby providing technical support for the relevant research of the carbon fixation capacity of the ocean, assisting the carbon neutralization and the development of the relevant technology.|[0042] 2. The invention utilizes the vertical driving motor and the horizontal driving motor to adjust the opening direction of the air guide sleeve and collect seawater in different incoming flow directions, thereby observing the carbon dioxide transportation process in different directions.|[0043] 3. The invention utilizes the buoyancy to drive the platform and the propeller to realize the movement of the ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device in the vertical section and the horizontal section, thereby realizing the observation of the seawater carbon dioxide flux at different positions of the ocean and the observation of the seawater carbon dioxide concentration in different sections and acquiring the carbon dioxide concentration distribution rule of the ocean section.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;|[0045] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application structure of the present invention;|[0046] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the buoyancy driven platform of the present invention;|[0047] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the buoyancy driven platform of the present invention;|[0048] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an observation platform according to the present invention;|[0049] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the pod construction of the present invention;|[0050] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the present invention as viewed in the vertical direction using a cable connector;|[0051] FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the present invention as viewed in the vertical direction using a propeller;|[0052] wherein: 1-observation platform, 2-buoyancy driving platform, 3-cable connector, 4-floating platform, 5-cable, 6-heavy anchor, 7-buoyancy oil bag, 8-buoyancy oil bag support, 9-cabin body, 10-lower end cover, 11-base, 12-upper end cover, 13-oil storage bag, 14-internal frame, 15-hydraulic system, 16-battery, 17-flow guide cover support, 18-flow guide cover, 19-vertical driving motor, 20-vertical driving motor support, 21-rotating disc, 22-sealing cover, 23-horizontal driving motor, 24-carbon dioxide sensor, 25-flow guide cover end cover, 26-conical funnel, 27-hose and 28-propeller.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0053] The present invention will be further described by way of examples, but not limited thereto, with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0054] Example 1:|[0055] as shown in fig. 1-7, this embodiment provides an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device, which includes an observation platform 1, a buoyancy driving platform 2 and a guiding driving mechanism, wherein the top end of the buoyancy driving platform 2 is provided with the observation platform 1, carbon dioxide concentration is observed through the observation platform 1, the side surface of the buoyancy driving platform 2 is provided with the guiding driving mechanism, and the observation depth and the observation direction of the observation platform are adjusted through the buoyancy driving platform and the guiding driving mechanism.|[0056] The buoyancy driving platform 2 comprises a cabin body 9, an upper end cover 12, a lower end cover 10, a buoyancy oil bag 7, an oil storage oil bag 13, an internal frame 14, a hydraulic system 15 and a battery 16, the cabin body 9 top and bottom are respectively provided with the upper end cover 12 and the lower end cover 10, the internal frame 14 is arranged in the cabin body 9, the internal frame 14 middle part is provided with the hydraulic system 15, the hydraulic system 15 is connected with the battery 16, the battery 16 is arranged at the bottom of the internal frame 14, the upper end cover 12 lower part is provided with the oil storage oil bag 13, the oil storage oil bag 13 is connected with the hydraulic system 15, the buoyancy oil bag 7 is arranged at the upper end of the outer side of the cabin body 9 through a buoyancy oil bag support 8, the buoyancy oil bag 7 is connected with the oil storage oil bag 13, and a guide driving mechanism is arranged at the outer side of the cabin body 9. When the device rose, hydraulic system started, and the oil suction buoyancy oil pocket in the oil storage oil pocket, buoyancy oil pocket volume grow, and buoyancy reinforcing drives the whole come-up of device, and when the device sinks, the oil suction oil storage oil pocket in the buoyancy oil pocket, buoyancy oil pocket volume reduced, and buoyancy debilitation, the device is whole to sink, makes ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device can hover in arbitrary sea water degree of depth department through buoyancy oil pocket. The buoyancy oil bag, the oil storage oil bag and the hydraulic system are existing devices, and have been widely applied to ocean observation equipment such as an Argo profile buoy, an underwater glider and the like, and patent documents CN108248763A and CN110371277B both describe buoyancy adjusting systems in detail.|[0057] The outer side of the lower end cover 10 is provided with a base 11. The lower end cap is protected by a base 11.|[0058] The observation platform 1 comprises a flow guide cover 18, a sealing cover 22 and a carbon dioxide sensor 24, the flow guide cover 18 is connected with the sealing cover 22 through a flow guide cover support 17, and the sealing cover 22 is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driven platform 2.|[0059] The kuppe support 17 includes 2 vertical supports, there is the round frame through bearing swing joint between 2 vertical supports, round frame one side is connected with vertical driving motor 19 through the bearing, vertical driving motor 19 is installed in the vertical support outside through vertical driving motor support 20, the round frame internal fixation has kuppe 18, kuppe support 17 is connected to closing cap 22 through rolling disc 21, rolling disc 21 center is connected with horizontal driving motor 23, horizontal driving motor 23 output shaft passes closing cap 22. The opening direction of the air guide sleeve is adjusted through a vertical driving motor and a horizontal driving motor. A cabin body is arranged below the sealing cover, and sufficient internal space is provided for installing a horizontal driving motor.|[0060] The cabin body, the upper end cover, the lower end cover and the sealing cover enable the interior of the buoyancy driving platform to be a closed space, and seawater cannot enter the interior of the buoyancy driving platform.|[0061] A conical funnel 26 is arranged in the air guide sleeve 18 through an air guide sleeve end cover 25, and the conical funnel 26 is connected with a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose 27.|[0062] The guiding driving mechanism is a cable connector 3.|[0063] The hydraulic system, the vertical driving motor, the horizontal driving motor and the carbon dioxide sensor are all connected with a computer control system.|[0064] The working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device comprises the following operation steps:|[0065] (1) the cable connector 3 is arranged on one side of the cabin body, and the buoyancy driving platform 2 is connected with a cable 5 between the floating platform 4 and the heavy anchor 6 in a sliding manner through the cable connector 3;|[0066] (2) starting the hydraulic system 15, adjusting the buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag 7, and enabling the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to operate to a set depth;|[0067] (3) observing in the ocean horizontal direction, starting a vertical driving motor 19 to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover 18 to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor 23 to enable the flow guide cover 18 to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the opening of the flow guide cover 18 faces to different horizontal directions, and under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, seawater enters a conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover, then enters a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose 27 at the bottom of the conical funnel 26;|[0068] observing the ocean vertical direction and the vertical section, starting a vertical driving motor 19 to ensure that the central axis of the air guide sleeve 18 is vertical to the horizontal plane, and allowing seawater to enter a conical funnel 26 through an opening of the air guide sleeve 18 and then enter a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, wherein the current ocean vertical direction observation is performed at the moment;|[0069] the hydraulic system is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag 13 is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag 7, the buoyancy oil bag 7 is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards along the cable 5 at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel 26 through the diversion cover opening, then enters the carbon dioxide sensor 24 through the hose 27 at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, and at the moment, ocean vertical section observation is carried out.|[0070] (4) The carbon dioxide sensor 24 detects and records the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater, and discharges the detected seawater into the ocean again;|[0071] (5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|[0072] |[0073] in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|[0074] (6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats upwards to the floating platform along the mooring rope 5, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task.|[0075] Example 2:|[0076] an ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device is structurally shown as an embodiment 1, and is different in that a guide driving mechanism is a propeller 28, and the ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device comprises the following operation steps:|[0077] (1) 4 propeller thrusters 28 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer wall surface of the cabin 9, as shown in fig. 8;|[0078] (2) the propeller 28 drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move to a set position on a horizontal plane, and the hydraulic system adjusts buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag, so that the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device moves to a set depth;|[0079] (3) observing the ocean horizontal direction and the horizontal section, starting a vertical driving motor 19 to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover 18 to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor 23 to enable the flow guide cover 18 to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the opening of the flow guide cover 18 faces different horizontal directions, under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, seawater enters a conical funnel 26 through the opening of the flow guide cover 18, then enters a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose 27 at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, and at the moment, the ocean horizontal direction observation is conducted;|[0080] the propeller 28 drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move on the horizontal plane at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel 26 through the opening of the air guide sleeve, then enters the carbon dioxide sensor 24 through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, and at the moment, the ocean horizontal profile observation is carried out;|[0081] observing the ocean vertical direction and the vertical section, starting a vertical driving motor 19 to ensure that the central axis of the air guide sleeve 18 is vertical to the horizontal plane, and allowing seawater to enter a conical funnel 26 through an opening of the air guide sleeve 18 and then enter a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose 27 at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, wherein the current ocean vertical direction observation is performed at the moment;|[0082] the hydraulic system 15 is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag 13 is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag 7, the buoyancy oil bag 7 is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards according to a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel 26 through the opening of the air guide sleeve 18 and enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, and at the moment, ocean vertical section observation is carried out;|[0083] (4) detecting and recording the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater by a carbon dioxide sensor, and discharging the detected seawater into the ocean again;|[0084] (5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|[0085] |[0086] in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|[0087] (6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats to the floating platform, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and then the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task. | (CN113525614)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ocean observation.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Carbon dioxide is a common greenhouse gas, and although only 0.041% of the total volume of the atmosphere occupying the sphere has a significant impact on global climate change. With the increase of the consumption of fossil fuels, the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases year by year, and the global warming phenomenon is more and more severe, so that extreme climate disasters are frequent.|[0003] The ocean is the largest active carbon reservoir on the earth, and can continuously absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to maintain global carbon cycle. The method for storing carbon dioxide by using seawater and marine organisms becomes an important way for reducing the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Dissolved carbon dioxide in sea water can be transferred to both the atmosphere, the seabed soil, marine organisms and from one area of the sea to another, and therefore the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in a local sea area is dynamically changing. The total carbon passing through a unit area in unit time is defined as carbon flux, so the carbon flux can be used for describing the change process of dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean, is an important index for measuring the carbon sequestration capacity of the ocean and is a key factor for researching the global carbon cycle.|[0004] At present, the observation of ocean carbon flux is mainly focused on the measurement of exchange flux between seawater and the atmosphere and the measurement of exchange flux between seawater and seabed soil. For example, chinese patent document CN101852723B discloses a device and a method for measuring the flux of carbon dioxide in sea air, which obtains the flux of carbon dioxide in sea air interface by using a method of separately extracting a water sample and a gas sample to a carbon dioxide partial pressure measuring sensor for measurement, and is suitable for automatic observation of a long-time sequence of an anchoring platform. Chinese patent document CN103969402B discloses a multifunctional seabed flux and sediment in-situ sampling device, which is used for measuring carbon flux between seawater and seabed sediment by a flux culture dish suspended on a support system, and can realize undisturbed monitoring.|[0005] The substance exchange of the ocean along the vertical section and the substance exchange of the ocean along the horizontal section both affect the change of the carbon dioxide concentration, and the monitoring of the change of the carbon dioxide flux in the ocean water body is particularly important. Chinese patent document CN111071390B discloses a marine environmental information submerged buoy device based on multi-parameter sensors, which can replace the mentioned multi-parameter sensors with dissolved carbon dioxide sensors to realize the measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration in the marine water body. However, the device can only measure the carbon dioxide concentration at a single point, cannot measure the carbon dioxide flux, and further cannot monitor the carbon dioxide transportation process at different water depths and different directions.|[0006] Therefore, the existing ocean carbon dioxide concentration observation device cannot monitor the carbon dioxide concentration of the ocean profile and cannot observe the carbon dioxide flux in the ocean water body, which becomes a technical bottleneck restricting the relevant research on the ocean carbon sequestration capacity.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device which can actively control and observe the water depth and the observation direction, realize the monitoring of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration, collect seawater by virtue of a fairing and a conical funnel and realize the observation of high-precision carbon dioxide flux, thereby providing technical support for the relevant research of ocean carbon sequestration capacity, and assisting in carbon neutralization and the development of the relevant technology.|[0008] The invention also provides a working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device.|[0009] The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:|[0010] the utility model provides an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device, includes observation platform, buoyancy drive platform and direction actuating mechanism, and wherein, buoyancy drive platform top is provided with observation platform, observes carbon dioxide concentration through observation platform, is provided with direction actuating mechanism on the buoyancy drive platform side, through the observation depth of water and the observation position of buoyancy drive platform and direction actuating mechanism adjustment observation platform.|[0011] Preferably, the buoyancy drive platform includes the cabin body, the upper end cover, the lower extreme cover, the buoyancy oil bag, the oil storage oil bag, internal frame, hydraulic system and battery, cabin body top and bottom are provided with upper end cover and lower extreme cover respectively, the internal frame that is provided with, the internal frame middle part is provided with hydraulic system, hydraulic system is connected with the battery, the internal frame bottom is arranged in to the battery, the upper end cover lower part is provided with the oil storage oil bag, the oil storage oil bag is connected with hydraulic system, cabin body outside upper end is provided with the buoyancy oil bag, the buoyancy oil bag is connected with the oil storage oil bag, the cabin body outside is provided with direction actuating mechanism. When the device rises, hydraulic system starts, and the oil pump in the oil storage oil bag is buoyancy oil bag, buoyancy oil bag volume grow, and buoyancy reinforcing drives the whole come-up of device, and when the device sinks, the oil pump in the buoyancy oil bag is oil storage oil bag, and buoyancy oil bag volume reduces, and buoyancy debility, the device is whole to sink, makes ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device can hover in arbitrary sea water degree of depth department through buoyancy oil bag.|[0012] Further preferably, a base is arranged on the outer side of the lower end cover. The lower end cover is protected by the base.|[0013] Preferably, the observation platform comprises a flow guide cover, a sealing cover and a carbon dioxide sensor, the flow guide cover is connected with the sealing cover through a flow guide cover support, and the sealing cover is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driving platform.|[0014] Further preferably, the kuppe support includes 2 vertical supports, has the round stand through bearing swing joint between 2 vertical supports, and round stand one side is connected with vertical driving motor through the bearing, and the round stand internal fixation has the kuppe, and the kuppe support is connected to the closing cap through the rolling disc, and the rolling disc center is connected with horizontal driving motor, and horizontal driving motor output shaft passes the closing cap. The opening direction of the air guide sleeve is adjusted through a vertical driving motor and a horizontal driving motor.|[0015] Preferably, a conical funnel is arranged in the air guide sleeve and connected with a carbon dioxide sensor through a hose.|[0016] Preferably, the steering drive mechanism is a cable connector for steering the buoyant drive platform or a propeller for horizontal motion drive.|[0017] The working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device comprises the following operation steps:|[0018] (1) when the guide driving mechanism is a cable connector, the cable connector is arranged on one side of the cabin body, and the buoyancy driving platform is connected with a cable between the floating platform and the heavy anchor in a sliding manner through the cable connector;|[0019] (2) starting a hydraulic system, and adjusting buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag to enable the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to operate to a set depth;|[0020] (3) observing in the ocean horizontal direction, starting a vertical driving motor to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor to enable the flow guide cover to rotate in the horizontal plane, enabling the opening of the flow guide cover to face different horizontal directions, and under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, enabling seawater to enter a conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enter a carbon dioxide sensor through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel;|[0021] (4) detecting and recording the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater by a carbon dioxide sensor, and discharging the detected seawater into the ocean again;|[0022] (5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|[0023] |[0024] in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|[0025] (6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats upwards to the floating platform along the mooring rope, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task.|[0026] Preferably, the ocean vertical direction and vertical section observation are carried out in the step (3), the vertical driving motor is started to enable the central axis of the air guide sleeve to be vertical to the horizontal plane, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve and then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and the current ocean vertical direction observation is carried out at this moment;|[0027] the hydraulic system is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag, the buoyancy oil bag is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards along the cable at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and the ocean vertical profile observation is carried out at the moment.|[0028] The working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device comprises the following operation steps:|[0029] (1) when the guide driving mechanism is a propeller thruster, 4 propeller thrusters are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer wall surface of the cabin body;|[0030] (2) the propeller drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move to a set position on a horizontal plane, and the hydraulic system adjusts buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag, so that the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device runs to a set depth;|[0031] (3) observing the ocean horizontal direction and the horizontal section, starting a vertical driving motor to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor to enable the flow guide cover to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the opening of the flow guide cover faces different horizontal directions, under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, seawater enters a conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover, then enters a carbon dioxide sensor through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, observing in the ocean horizontal direction;|[0032] the propeller drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move on the horizontal plane at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve, then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, the ocean horizontal profile observation is carried out;|[0033] observing the ocean vertical direction and the vertical section, starting a vertical driving motor to ensure that the central axis of the air guide sleeve is vertical to the horizontal plane, and allowing seawater to enter the conical funnel through the opening of the air guide sleeve, pass through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel and enter the carbon dioxide sensor, wherein the current ocean vertical direction observation is performed at the moment;|[0034] the hydraulic system is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag, the buoyancy oil bag is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards according to a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover and then enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel, and at the moment, ocean vertical profile observation is conducted;|[0035] (4) detecting and recording the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater by a carbon dioxide sensor, and discharging the detected seawater into the ocean again;|[0036] (5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|[0037] |[0038] in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|[0039] (6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats to the floating platform, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and then the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task.|[0040] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0041] 1. the invention can actively control and observe the water depth and the observation direction, realize the monitoring of the concentration of the carbon dioxide on the ocean profile, and realize the observation of the flux of the carbon dioxide with high precision by collecting seawater through the fairing and the conical funnel, thereby providing technical support for the relevant research of the carbon fixation capacity of the ocean, assisting the carbon neutralization and the development of the relevant technology.|[0042] 2. The invention utilizes the vertical driving motor and the horizontal driving motor to adjust the opening direction of the air guide sleeve and collect seawater in different incoming flow directions, thereby observing the carbon dioxide transportation process in different directions.|[0043] 3. The invention utilizes the buoyancy to drive the platform and the propeller to realize the movement of the ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device in the vertical section and the horizontal section, thereby realizing the observation of the seawater carbon dioxide flux at different positions of the ocean and the observation of the seawater carbon dioxide concentration in different sections and acquiring the carbon dioxide concentration distribution rule of the ocean section.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;|[0045] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application structure of the present invention;|[0046] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the buoyancy driven platform of the present invention;|[0047] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the buoyancy driven platform of the present invention;|[0048] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an observation platform according to the present invention;|[0049] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the pod construction of the present invention;|[0050] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the present invention as viewed in the vertical direction using a cable connector;|[0051] FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the present invention as viewed in the vertical direction using a propeller;|[0052] wherein: 1-observation platform, 2-buoyancy driving platform, 3-cable connector, 4-floating platform, 5-cable, 6-heavy anchor, 7-buoyancy oil bag, 8-buoyancy oil bag support, 9-cabin body, 10-lower end cover, 11-base, 12-upper end cover, 13-oil storage bag, 14-internal frame, 15-hydraulic system, 16-battery, 17-flow guide cover support, 18-flow guide cover, 19-vertical driving motor, 20-vertical driving motor support, 21-rotating disc, 22-sealing cover, 23-horizontal driving motor, 24-carbon dioxide sensor, 25-flow guide cover end cover, 26-conical funnel, 27-hose and 28-propeller.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0053] The present invention will be further described by way of examples, but not limited thereto, with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0054] Example 1:|[0055] as shown in fig. 1-7, this embodiment provides an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device, which includes an observation platform 1, a buoyancy driving platform 2 and a guiding driving mechanism, wherein the top end of the buoyancy driving platform 2 is provided with the observation platform 1, carbon dioxide concentration is observed through the observation platform 1, the side surface of the buoyancy driving platform 2 is provided with the guiding driving mechanism, and the observation depth and the observation direction of the observation platform are adjusted through the buoyancy driving platform and the guiding driving mechanism.|[0056] The buoyancy driving platform 2 comprises a cabin body 9, an upper end cover 12, a lower end cover 10, a buoyancy oil bag 7, an oil storage oil bag 13, an internal frame 14, a hydraulic system 15 and a battery 16, the cabin body 9 top and bottom are respectively provided with the upper end cover 12 and the lower end cover 10, the internal frame 14 is arranged in the cabin body 9, the internal frame 14 middle part is provided with the hydraulic system 15, the hydraulic system 15 is connected with the battery 16, the battery 16 is arranged at the bottom of the internal frame 14, the upper end cover 12 lower part is provided with the oil storage oil bag 13, the oil storage oil bag 13 is connected with the hydraulic system 15, the buoyancy oil bag 7 is arranged at the upper end of the outer side of the cabin body 9 through a buoyancy oil bag support 8, the buoyancy oil bag 7 is connected with the oil storage oil bag 13, and a guide driving mechanism is arranged at the outer side of the cabin body 9. When the device rose, hydraulic system started, and the oil suction buoyancy oil pocket in the oil storage oil pocket, buoyancy oil pocket volume grow, and buoyancy reinforcing drives the whole come-up of device, and when the device sinks, the oil suction oil storage oil pocket in the buoyancy oil pocket, buoyancy oil pocket volume reduced, and buoyancy debilitation, the device is whole to sink, makes ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device can hover in arbitrary sea water degree of depth department through buoyancy oil pocket. The buoyancy oil bag, the oil storage oil bag and the hydraulic system are existing devices, and have been widely applied to ocean observation equipment such as an Argo profile buoy, an underwater glider and the like, and patent documents CN108248763A and CN110371277B both describe buoyancy adjusting systems in detail.|[0057] The outer side of the lower end cover 10 is provided with a base 11. The lower end cap is protected by a base 11.|[0058] The observation platform 1 comprises a flow guide cover 18, a sealing cover 22 and a carbon dioxide sensor 24, the flow guide cover 18 is connected with the sealing cover 22 through a flow guide cover support 17, and the sealing cover 22 is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driven platform 2.|[0059] The kuppe support 17 includes 2 vertical supports, there is the round frame through bearing swing joint between 2 vertical supports, round frame one side is connected with vertical driving motor 19 through the bearing, vertical driving motor 19 is installed in the vertical support outside through vertical driving motor support 20, the round frame internal fixation has kuppe 18, kuppe support 17 is connected to closing cap 22 through rolling disc 21, rolling disc 21 center is connected with horizontal driving motor 23, horizontal driving motor 23 output shaft passes closing cap 22. The opening direction of the air guide sleeve is adjusted through a vertical driving motor and a horizontal driving motor. A cabin body is arranged below the sealing cover, and sufficient internal space is provided for installing a horizontal driving motor.|[0060] The cabin body, the upper end cover, the lower end cover and the sealing cover enable the interior of the buoyancy driving platform to be a closed space, and seawater cannot enter the interior of the buoyancy driving platform.|[0061] A conical funnel 26 is arranged in the air guide sleeve 18 through an air guide sleeve end cover 25, and the conical funnel 26 is connected with a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose 27.|[0062] The guiding driving mechanism is a cable connector 3.|[0063] The hydraulic system, the vertical driving motor, the horizontal driving motor and the carbon dioxide sensor are all connected with a computer control system.|[0064] The working method of the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device comprises the following operation steps:|[0065] (1) the cable connector 3 is arranged on one side of the cabin body, and the buoyancy driving platform 2 is connected with a cable 5 between the floating platform 4 and the heavy anchor 6 in a sliding manner through the cable connector 3;|[0066] (2) starting the hydraulic system 15, adjusting the buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag 7, and enabling the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to operate to a set depth;|[0067] (3) observing in the ocean horizontal direction, starting a vertical driving motor 19 to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover 18 to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor 23 to enable the flow guide cover 18 to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the opening of the flow guide cover 18 faces to different horizontal directions, and under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, seawater enters a conical funnel through the opening of the flow guide cover, then enters a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose 27 at the bottom of the conical funnel 26;|[0068] observing the ocean vertical direction and the vertical section, starting a vertical driving motor 19 to ensure that the central axis of the air guide sleeve 18 is vertical to the horizontal plane, and allowing seawater to enter a conical funnel 26 through an opening of the air guide sleeve 18 and then enter a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, wherein the current ocean vertical direction observation is performed at the moment;|[0069] the hydraulic system is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag 13 is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag 7, the buoyancy oil bag 7 is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards along the cable 5 at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel 26 through the diversion cover opening, then enters the carbon dioxide sensor 24 through the hose 27 at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, and at the moment, ocean vertical section observation is carried out.|[0070] (4) The carbon dioxide sensor 24 detects and records the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater, and discharges the detected seawater into the ocean again;|[0071] (5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|[0072] |[0073] in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|[0074] (6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats upwards to the floating platform along the mooring rope 5, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task.|[0075] Example 2:|[0076] an ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device is structurally shown as an embodiment 1, and is different in that a guide driving mechanism is a propeller 28, and the ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device comprises the following operation steps:|[0077] (1) 4 propeller thrusters 28 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer wall surface of the cabin 9, as shown in fig. 8;|[0078] (2) the propeller 28 drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move to a set position on a horizontal plane, and the hydraulic system adjusts buoyancy by adjusting the volume of the buoyancy oil bag, so that the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device moves to a set depth;|[0079] (3) observing the ocean horizontal direction and the horizontal section, starting a vertical driving motor 19 to enable the central axis of a flow guide cover 18 to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then starting a horizontal driving motor 23 to enable the flow guide cover 18 to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the opening of the flow guide cover 18 faces different horizontal directions, under the action of ocean current in the horizontal direction, seawater enters a conical funnel 26 through the opening of the flow guide cover 18, then enters a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose 27 at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, and at the moment, the ocean horizontal direction observation is conducted;|[0080] the propeller 28 drives the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device to move on the horizontal plane at a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel 26 through the opening of the air guide sleeve, then enters the carbon dioxide sensor 24 through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, and at the moment, the ocean horizontal profile observation is carried out;|[0081] observing the ocean vertical direction and the vertical section, starting a vertical driving motor 19 to ensure that the central axis of the air guide sleeve 18 is vertical to the horizontal plane, and allowing seawater to enter a conical funnel 26 through an opening of the air guide sleeve 18 and then enter a carbon dioxide sensor 24 through a hose 27 at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, wherein the current ocean vertical direction observation is performed at the moment;|[0082] the hydraulic system 15 is started, oil in the oil storage oil bag 13 is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag 7, the buoyancy oil bag 7 is enlarged in size and enhanced in buoyancy, the ocean section carbon dioxide concentration observation device is driven to move upwards according to a set speed, seawater enters the conical funnel 26 through the opening of the air guide sleeve 18 and enters the carbon dioxide sensor through the hose at the bottom of the conical funnel 26, and at the moment, ocean vertical section observation is carried out;|[0083] (4) detecting and recording the concentration and the content of carbon dioxide in the seawater by a carbon dioxide sensor, and discharging the detected seawater into the ocean again;|[0084] (5) calculating the carbon dioxide flux q of the horizontal plane under the current seawater depth and the ocean current direction:|[0085] |[0086] in the above formula, Q is the content of carbon dioxide in seawater detected by the carbon dioxide sensor; t is the detection time of the carbon dioxide sensor, and the time is self-set; s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the conical funnel, namely the maximum area of seawater entering the conical funnel;|[0087] (6) after observation is finished, the ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device floats to the floating platform, observed data are transmitted to the floating platform, and then the floating platform transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to finish an observation task. | Family Number|(96576182)|96576182|Abstract|(CN113525614B B)|The invention relates to an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and a working method thereof , and belongs to the technical field of ocean observation . The device comprises an observation platform , a buoyancy driving platform and a guide driving mechanism , the observation platform is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driving platform , the carbon dioxide concentration is observed through the observation platform , and the guide driving mechanism is arranged on the side face of the buoyancy driving platform . The observation water depth and the observation direction of the observation platform are adjusted through the buoyancy driving platform and the guide driving mechanism . The device can actively control the observation water depth and the observation direction , realizes the monitoring of the carbon dioxide concentration of the ocean profile , and realizes the observation of high - precision carbon dioxide flux by collecting seawater through the fairing and the conical funnel , thereby providing technical support for the related research of the ocean carbon sequestration capability and assisting the development of the related technology of carbon neutralization . |Title|(CN113525614B B)|Ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and working method thereof |(CN113525614 A)|Ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and working method thereof | | Analysis of biological materials|Transport | B63B-021/29|B63B-035/44|B63B-2211/02|B63H-021/17|G01N-033/18 | B63B-021/29|B63B-035/44|B63B-2211/02|B63H-021/17|G01N-033/18 | B63B-021/29|B63B-035/44|B63H-021/17|G01N-033/18 | B63B-021/29|B63B-035/44|B63H-021/17|G01N-033/18 | CN114234933|CN118914499|CN117030352B|CN116215758B | CN114234933 99304573 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN118914499 112115180 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117030352B 107215538 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN116215758B 105228095 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN103994757|CN112504238|CN112461605|CN112464580|CN111071390|CN110696967|CN110371277|EP3617641|CA3044872|WO2019141038|CN109436208|CN109319052|CN108248763|EP3351973|CN106768076|WO201759423|CN105460185|CN104535050|CN104386208|CN103969402|WO201366897|CN101852723|CN101738179|US20080311611|US4177530 | CN103994757 67259419 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|CN112504238 93141152 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN112461605 93039277 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN112464580 93049133 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN111071390 88494854 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN110696967 87368708 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN110371277 86415622 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|EP3617641 87820891 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CA3044872 87820891 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2019141038 80504461 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN109436208 83655095 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN109319052 83363426 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN108248763 80490581 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|EP3351973 76435083 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN106768076 76311495 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO201759423 84601511 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN105460185 72574490 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN104535050 69139950 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN104386208 68736183 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN103969402 67173614 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO201366897 45055395 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN101852723 7102302 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN101738179 7002216 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20080311611 44191677 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US4177530 42421182 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | 薛钢 刘延俊 季念迎 张莹莹: "海底底质声学现场探测设备机械系统研究", 《大连理工大学学报》 (Cat. A)|郭凤祥: "4000米Argo剖面浮标液压系统设计与节能优化研究", 《山东大学硕士学位论文》 (Cat. A)|朱伯康 刘仁清 许建平: "一种专门用于低纬度洋区观测的Argo剖面浮标", 《海洋技术》 (Cat. A)|薛钢 刘延俊 季念迎 张莹莹: "海底底质声学现场探测设备机械系统研究", 《大连理工大学学报》, 25 May 2017 (2017-05-25) (Cat. A)|郭凤祥: "4000米Argo剖面浮标液压系统设计与节能优化研究", 《山东大学硕士学位论文》, 9 June 2020 (2020-06-09) (Cat. A)|朱伯康 刘仁清 许建平: "一种专门用于低纬度洋区观测的Argo剖面浮标", 《海洋技术》, 15 December 2009 (2009-12-15) (Cat. A) | US20080311611; CN101738179; CN101852723; WO201366897; CN103969402; CN103994757; CN104386208; CN106768076; CN108248763; CN109319052; WO2019141038; CN110371277; CN110696967; CA3044872; EP3617641; CN111071390; CN112461605; CN112464580; CN112504238; US4177530; CN104535050; CN105460185; WO201759423; EP3351973; CN109436208 | GRANTED | (CN113525614)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN113525614)|ALIVE | (CN113525614)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN113525614|Actual or expected expiration date=2041-08-13|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2021-08-13|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202110929719|Application date=2021-08-13|Standardized application number=2021CN-0929719|Event publication date=2021-10-22|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN113525614|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2021-10-22|Standardized publication number=CN113525614|Event publication date=2021-10-22|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2021-11-09|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2022-06-10|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN113525614|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2022-06-10|Standardized publication number=CN113525614B|Event publication date=2022-06-10|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN113525614)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoRaL62d/AkpChj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000063260992&ekey=2339&xpn=CN113525614B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=RS4reXLEFI15LP1caleKFbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN113525614)|CN|(CN113525614)|CN | (CN113525614)|NAME=SHANDONG UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN|(CN113525614)|NAME=SHANDONG UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN113525614)|NAME=ZHAO LONGQUN;JINAN JINDI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37219|(CN113525614)|NAME=ZHAO LONGQUN;JINAN JINDI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=37219 | (CN113525614)|NAME=XUE GANG|NAME=LIU YANJUN|NAME=BAI FAGANG|NAME=GUO LEI|NAME=HUANG SHUTING|(CN113525614)|NAME=XUE GANG|NAME=LIU YANJUN|NAME=BAI FAGANG|NAME=GUO LEI|NAME=HUANG SHUTING | Titre: (CN113525614)|Ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and working method thereof Résumé: (CN113525614)|The invention relates to an ocean profile carbon dioxide concentration observation device and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ocean observation. The device comprises an observation platform, a buoyancy driving platform and a guide driving mechanism, the observation platform is arranged at the top end of the buoyancy driving platform, the carbon dioxide concentration is observed through the observation platform, and the guide driving mechanism is arranged on the side face of the buoyancy driving platform. The observation water depth and the observation direction of the observation platform are adjusted through the buoyancy driving platform and the guide driving mechanism. The device can actively control the observation water depth and the observation direction, realizes the monitoring of the carbon dioxide concentration of the ocean profile, and realizes the observation of high-precision carbon dioxide flux by collecting seawater through the fairing and the conical funnel, thereby providing technical support for the related research of the ocean carbon sequestration capability and assisting the development of the related technology of carbon neutralization. | 42.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a device for observing carbon dioxide concentration in the ocean, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 24.0 | 4.0 | (CN113525614)|1 | (CN113525614)|6 | (CN113525614)|7|(CN113525614)|10 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN113525614)|8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN113525614)|Number of Claims: NCL=7|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2022-06-10|Gazette number: GAZNUM=38-2302|Number of Pages: NPAGES=17|Primary examiner: 李创兰|Primary examiner: Li Chuanglan||(CN113525614)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2021-10-22|Gazette number: GAZNUM=37-4302|Number of Pages: NPAGES=18|Primary examiner: 李创兰|Primary examiner: Li Chuanglan| | (CN113525614)|Previous publication: CN113525614 A 2021-10-22 [CN113525614] | (CN113525614)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN113525614B)|Patent|(CN113525614)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||
| 52 | US63/075,521P|US63/075,521|US17/467,038|US63/159,785|US63/159,785P|WOUS2021/049143|US17/855,454 | US17/855,454|WOUS2021/049143|AEP6000408/2023|EP21867409|AU2021341795|CA3191564|US17/467,038 | EP4210860|AEP6000408/2023|AU2021341795|US11794893|EP4210860|AU2021341795|US20220363379|US11414962|CA3191564|WO2022/055827|US20220074285 | 98948733 | US11794893 B2 2023-10-24 [US11794893]|US20220363379 A1 2022-11-17 [US20220363379]|WO2022/055827 A1 2022-03-17 [WO202255827]|AEP6000408/2023 A1 2024-10-08 [AE20236000408]|EP4210860 A4 2025-05-21 [EP4210860]|EP4210860 A1 2023-07-19 [EP4210860]|AU2021341795 B2 2024-02-01 [AU2021341795]|AU2021341795 A1 2023-03-09 [AU2021341795]|CA3191564 A1 2022-03-17 [CA3191564]|US11414962 B2 2022-08-16 [US11414962]|US20220074285 A1 2022-03-10 [US20220074285] | 2020-09-08|2021-03-11|2021-09-03|2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30|2021-09-03|2023-02-22|2021-09-03|2021-09-03|2021-09-03|2021-09-03 | 2025-05-21|2024-10-08|2024-02-01|2023-10-24|2023-07-19|2023-03-09|2022-11-17|2022-08-16|2022-03-17|2022-03-17|2022-03-10 | |(US11794893)|2023-10-24|(US11414962)|2022-08-16||(AU2021341795)|2024-02-01|| | (EP4210860)|2041-09-03|(US11794893)|2041-09-03|(US11414962)|2041-09-03|(WO2022/055827)|2024-03-08|(AU2021341795)|2041-09-03|(AEP6000408/2023)|2041-09-03|(CA3191564)|2041-09-03 | (EP4210860)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents | (EP4210860)|Systems and methods are described for sequestering carbon stored in organic matter while minimizing the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere, with the carbon (C) being stored as char or coal through the coalification process. Organic matter will be moved to submarine hydrothermal vent fields where the extreme heat in the water will drastically accelerate the degradation of the material and destroy microbes that normally consume the organic material and release the carbon as CO2 or CH4. The oxygen level in the heated water around the vents is extremely low. The water surrounding these vents can reach temperatures of 400°C (750°F). Exemplary implementations may include constructing hydrothermal borehole vents to harness the energy continuously released from the Earth's core in the form of volcanic heat. | MACDOUGALL FREDERICK WILLIAM ([US])|MACDOUGALL FREDERICK WILLIAM ([US])|MACDOUGALL FREDERICK WILLIAM ([US])|MACDOUGALL FREDERICK WILLIAM ([US])|MACDOUGALL, FREDERICK WILLIAM ([US])|MACDOUGALL FREDERICK WILLIAM ([US]) | (EP4210860)|MacDougall, Frederick William|(EP4210860)|MacDougall, Frederick William ([US])|(US11794893)|MacDougall Frederick William ([US])|(US20220363379)|MacDougall Frederick William ([US])|(US11414962)|MacDougall Frederick William ([US])|(US20220074285)|MacDougall Frederick William ([US])|(WO2022/055827)|MACDOUGALL, Frederick William|(AU2021341795)|MacDougall Frederick|(AU2021341795)|MacDougall Frederick||(CA3191564)|MACDOUGALL, FREDERICK WILLIAM ([US]) | MACDOUGALL FREDERICK WILLIAM | (EP4210860)|MacDougall, Frederick William|(EP4210860)|MacDougall, Frederick William | (EP4210860)|Paustian & Partner Patentanwälte mbB ([DE])|Reg. Nb: 101859684|(US11794893)|ESPLIN & ASSOCIATES, PC|(US11414962)|Esplin & Associates, PC|(WO2022/055827)|ESPLIN, D. Benjamin et al. ([US])|(AU2021341795)|Adams Pluck ([AU])|(AEP6000408/2023)|JAH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY L L C|Reg. Nb: 638955|(CA3191564)|NORTON ROSE FULBRIGHT CANADA LLP/S.E.N.C.R.L., S.R.L. ([CA]) | (US11794893)|The use of a double hulled ship in this application has an advantage in that there is a stagnant layer between the remaining outside oil tank 1802 bulkheads 1804 and the outside hull 1801 .|From a processing standpoint, the lack of control of the energy released by naturally occurring hydrothermal vents makes it difficult to harness the energy for useful purposes.|In intensely populated cities, the methods described herein may be less expensive than using landfills.|The focus of this disclosure is to cause organic matter to decompose without generating CO2.| | (US11794893)|1. A transportation system configured to transport organic material by flight, the transportation system comprising: a remotely-piloted air vehicle configured to transport the organic material through the air and to provide lift to the transportation system, wherein the organic material includes logs; a frame coupled to the remotely-piloted air vehicle, wherein the frame is configured to be coupled to multiple air vehicles, wherein the frame forms one or more rectangles around at least two of the multiple air vehicles; the multiple air vehicles configured to provide additional lift to the transportation system in addition to the lift provided by the remotely-piloted air vehicle, wherein the multiple air vehicles are coupled to the frame, and wherein the multiple air vehicles include at least five blimps; one or more propellers configured to provide thrust to the transportation system; ballast storage configured to store ballast; and a harness configured to couple the organic material to the transportation system, wherein the harness includes one or more logging straps configured to be tied around the logs.| | (US11794893)|One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents.|The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents.|This disclosure describes the construction of manmade hydrothermal vents (also referred to as hydrothermal borehole vents), methods of storing the energy extracted from these hydrothermal vents for later use, and applications for the stored energy.| | (US11794893)|ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,41)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT(100,21)|TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(100,18)|FLIGHT(100,3)|ORGANIC PAYLOAD(100,1)|INTENSELY POPULATED CITY(95,1)|LOGGING STRAP(78,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(66,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT CONSTRUCTION(55,1)|REMOTELY PILOTED AIR VEHICLE(53,6)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(50,8)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT(47,119)|HYDRO PYROLYSIS(47,16)|HARNESS(47,4)|SEA SILO(45,42)|AIR VEHICLE(43,14)|LIFT(43,3)|PROPELLER(39,4)|NATURALLY OCCURRING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(36,1)|STAGNANT LAYER(33,1)|OUTSIDE HULL(31,1)|PROCESSING STANDPOINT(31,1)|BLIMP(30,14)|WATER BAG(30,2)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT COALIFY(29,2)|LANDFILL(28,1)|COALIFICATION(27,29)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM(27,10)|FOCUS(23,1)|BALLAST(22,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(22,1)|AILERON(21,2)|BULKHEAD(20,3)|ORGANIC MATTER TRANSPORTATION(20,1)|RUDDER(19,2)|DOUBLE HULLED SHIP(19,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE(19,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(18,1)|TRANSFER SUBSYSTEM(17,13)|BENSON SAWMILL(17,3)|GONDOLA(17,2)|ORGANIC MATTER GRAVITATIONAL PULL(17,1)|SPINNAKER CLEW POSSESSION(17,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTOR(16,5)|DEEP OCEAN(15,3)|LOCATING MAGMA DIKE PROBABILITY(15,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE OIL TANK(15,1)|BOREHOLE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(14,3)|DOUBLED HULLED OIL TANKER(14,3)|CREW(14,1)|FORESTRY YALE SCHOOL(14,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT OVEN(14,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE BARGE(14,1)|WORLD ANTHROPOGENIC GARBAGE(14,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(13,65)|COASTAL MOUNTAIN(13,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSION(13,1)|HOT WATER(12,24)|CO2(12,12)|ELECTROLYSIS CHAMBER(12,4)|COALIFICATION SITE(12,3)|HYDRO THERMAL VENT OVEN(12,2)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OVEN PLATFORM(12,2)|SPINNAKER FABRIC(12,2)|MAGMA DIKE LOCATION(12,1)|PREVAILING WESTERLY WIND(12,1)|REUSABLE HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(12,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL THERMAL VENT(12,1)|WATER BALLAST STORAGE(12,1)|WORLD MUNICIPAL GARBAGE(12,1)|SPINNAKER POLE(11,9)|FURLING CORD(11,2)|EARLY POTTERY KILN(11,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC RIDGE(11,1)|SPINNAKER REEFING(11,1)|TRILLION TREE PLANTING EFFORT(11,1)|UNUSED DRUG DESTRUCTION(11,1)|DRILL SHAFT(10,6)|COAXIAL PIPE(10,5)|EARTH TAPER(10,3)|FLOATING LOG(10,3)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASSES(10,2)|VIOLENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(10,2)|BUOYANCY(9,7)|AVERAGE TREE(9,4)|OIL TANK(9,3)|VOLCANIC ENERGY(9,3)|FLOATING DECK(9,2)|HEAVY DOME(9,2)|NAVIGATION LIGHT(9,2)|AGGRESSIVE OXIDANT(9,1)|BARGE TRANSPORTATION(9,1)|COAST PUMP MOUNTAIN(9,1)|ELEVATED COALIFICATION PLATFORM(9,1)|EXTENDIBLE MAST(9,1)|HULL CONTENT COALIFICATION(9,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT IRRUPTION(9,1)|INSULATED COAXIAL RISER PIPE(9,1)|MICROBE RELEASING CO2(9,1)|REEFING SPINNAKER(9,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN LAND ELEVATION(9,1)|SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE(9,1)|STEEP CLIFF(9,1)|STORED ENERGY(9,1)|WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSION(9,1)|DRILL BIT(8,11)|CORRAL(8,5)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(8,5)|ORGANIC MATTER COALIFICATION(8,4)|HEAVY LID(8,3)|CHECKERBOARD SQUARE(8,2)|DISPOSABLE CONTAINER(8,2)|MOORING CABLE(8,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 8M TON(8,1)|BAMBOO RAFT(8,1)|CONTAINER WEIGHTED LID(8,1)|ELECTROLYSIS EQUIPMENT DEPICTION(8,1)|FAST SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(8,1)|FAST SPREADING OCEANIC RIDGE(8,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES EMISSION(8,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT REFLECTOR(8,1)|INLAND HYDROTHERMAL VENT(8,1)|MASSIVE SPINNAKER(8,1)|MULTISTAGE COALIFICATION OVEN CONFIGURATION(8,1)|MUNICIPAL DUMP(8,1)|MUNICIPAL SEWAGE(8,1)|NATION MAJOR CONCERN(8,1)|PASSIVE CAUSATION(8,1)|PROTECT WIND TUNNEL EGRESS(8,1)|SEAWORTHY LOG RAFT(8,1)|SLOW SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(8,1)|STARBOARD MAST(8,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(8,1)|WATERLOGGED LOG RAFT(8,1)|WIND TURBINE POWER(8,1)|COALIFY ORGANIC MATERIAL(7,9)|CARGO SHIP(7,4)|OVEN SHELL(7,2)|ACCIDENTAL GROUNDING(7,1)|ANNUAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FLUX(7,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERIC CO2(7,1)|AVERAGE DYING TREE(7,1)|BIG ISLAND(7,1)|BOREHOLE LINER(7,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS MANAGEMENT(7,1)|CONCENTRIC MAST(7,1)|CONTAINER CARBONIZATION(7,1)|DECK SUBMERSION(7,1)|DECONSTRUCTION SITE(7,1)|DEPLOYED WIND(7,1)|DRILL SHIP DEPICTION(7,1)|ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSOR(7,1)|ELECTROLYSIS TANK(7,1)|ELIMINATED PROPELLER INTERFERENCE(7,1)|HATCH COVER GRATE(7,1)|HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC(7,1)|HULL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(7,1)|HYDROCHAR EXIT(7,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLATFORM(7,1)|ILLEGAL DRUG SEIZURE(7,1)|INLAND LAKE DEPTH(7,1)|INSOLATION CAPABILITY(7,1)|MARKER BUOY(7,1)|MID ALTITUDE CLOUD(7,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE CARBON CONTENT(7,1)|OCEAN STORM(7,1)|ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SECTION(7,1)|OUTDATED DRUG(7,1)|PASSIVE RETRIEVAL(7,1)|PIPE DEPICTION(7,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(7,1)|PROTECTING BLIMP(7,1)|RETRIEVABLE CONTAINER(7,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN PLATE(7,1)|SEWER SLUDGE(7,1)|SHIP ENTRANCE(7,1)|SILO PLUNGER(7,1)|SIZING STANDPOINT(7,1)|STABLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE(7,1)|THROUGHPUT HIGHS(7,1)|TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP(7,1)|UNUSED EXPLOSIVE(7,1)|VEGETABLE DECAY(7,1)|VESSEL FINAL VOYAGE(7,1)|WEST COAST(7,1)|WIND TUNNEL ERECTION(7,1)|WORLD FOREST(7,1)|YARD TRIMMING(7,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD(6,32)|MID OCEAN RIDGE(6,7)|RESERVOIR(6,4)|CENTURY(6,3)|COAXIAL CONFIGURATION(6,3)|HURRICANE(6,3)|LOG PROCESSING(6,3)|DRILLING SHAFT(6,2)|LOADED HULL(6,2)|MONITORING STATION(6,2)|NATURAL VENT(6,2)|POROUS SOLID PENETRATION(6,2)|SCREEN PERFORATION(6,2)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER ELECTROLYSIS(6,2)|ADJUSTABLE FLOAT(6,1)|BALLAST REQUIREMENT(6,1)|BOILING EMISSION(6,1)|BOREHOLE HEATING(6,1)|COAL RECOVERY(6,1)|COALIFICATION RUN(6,1)|COAXIAL BOREHOLE RISER TUBE(6,1)|COAXIAL PLUMBING CONFIGURATION(6,1)|CONCENTRIC ROTOR(6,1)|CONTINENT LOCATION(6,1)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENT(6,1)|DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CONTAINER(6,1)|DENSITY TEAK(6,1)|DEPLOYED VERSION(6,1)|DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(6,1)|EARTH GROUND(6,1)|EVAPORATION TANK(6,1)|EXPENSIVE GROUNDING(6,1)|FALLEN LEAVE(6,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES RELEASE(6,1)|HUNDRED THOUSAND YEAR(6,1)|HYDROTHERMAL ENERGY(6,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN PROCESSING(6,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PIPE(6,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT SITE(6,1)|INCOMING COOLER(6,1)|INCOMING REQUEST ANALYSIS(6,1)|INCOMING STEAM(6,1)|INITIATION SITE(6,1)|JACKET INSULATION(6,1)|LOG MOVING RAFT(6,1)|MAGMA FILL(6,1)|MANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(6,1)|MAST EXTENSION(6,1)|MODIFIED TANKER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(6,1)|MODIFYING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(6,1)|MOUNTAIN PUMP(6,1)|NAID FAULT ZONE(6,1)|NATURE CO2 EMISSION FLUX(6,1)|OLD FAITHFUL(6,1)|PIPE INTERCONNECTION(6,1)|POROUS HATCH COVER(6,1)|RAPID DECOMPOSITION(6,1)|ROCK TAPER(6,1)|SPINNAKER PIEZOELECTRICITY SECTION(6,1)|STEAM PRESSURIZATION(6,1)|STRESS RELIEVING FLOAT(6,1)|SWEET CRUDE PETROLEUM(6,1)|UNDERWATER UNMANNED VEHICLE(6,1)|WORLD DEAD TREE(6,1)|FOOT(5,5)|FURLING LINE(5,5)|LIFTING EYE(5,5)|PUSHER(5,3)|AIRPORT(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(5,2)|BREAKDOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND(5,2)|CORNER SUPPORT(5,2)|CRACK(5,2)|DEPLOYMENT(5,2)|FORESTAY(5,2)|MILE(5,2)|RAINCLOUD(5,2)|SEALANT(5,2)|SEAWATER(5,2)|VEGETATION(5,2)|WATERLINE(5,2)|BALLAST TANK(4,4)|BOW SECTION(4,4)|FASTENER(4,4)|PRESSURE GENERATOR(4,4)|RIVER(4,4)|ANODE(4,3)|CATHODE(4,3)|COAL SEAM(4,3)|DIRECTIONAL ARROW(4,3)|FOSSIL FUEL(4,3)|GIGA TON(4,3)|GUY(4,3)|MAGMA CHAMBER(4,3)|METHANE(4,3)|REUSABLE CONTAINER(4,3)|STEAM TURBINE(4,3)|WIND TURBINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR(4,3)|CRANE(4,2)|SHORE(4,2)|SHROUD(4,2)|AFT FRAME(4,1)|AMENITY(4,1)|ANIMAL DIE(4,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE(4,1)|ASIAN CONTINENT(4,1)|BARGE HOLD(4,1)|BASIC PREMISE(4,1)|COALIFICATION LEVEL(4,1)|COMPRESSED CARBON(4,1)|CORROSION FAILURE(4,1)|DECK EQUIPMENT(4,1)|DEEP DEPTH(4,1)|DRILLING EQUIPMENT(4,1)|DRY CORRIDOR(4,1)|EGRESS RISER TUBE(4,1)|EGRESSION(4,1)|ELECTRICAL GENERATING BARGE(4,1)|ENTRANCE PIPE(4,1)|FAST OXIDATION(4,1)|FORWARD COMPARTMENT(4,1)|FUNNEL SHAPED COLLECTOR(4,1)|GENERATOR ROW(4,1)|HEAVY CONTAINER(4,1)|HULL HOLD(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT ENERGY(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PROCESSING OVEN(4,1)|INTERMEDIARY COMPONENT(4,1)|INTERNAL BULKHEAD(4,1)|INTERNAL TANK BULKHEAD(4,1)|MODIFIED HULL(4,1)|MOVEABLE DOME(4,1)|MOVING INLAND(4,1)|NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT(4,1)|OVEN HOUSING(4,1)|OXYGEN AFFINITY(4,1)|PIEZOELECTRICITY PLATFORM SECTION(4,1)|PLANT DIE(4,1)|PLANT RELEASE(4,1)|POLARITY LOSS(4,1)|POROUS GRATED BOTTOM(4,1)|POTTERY PROCESSING(4,1)|PREVALENT GREENHOUSE GAS(4,1)|RAIN CLOUD GENERATION(4,1)|ROAD PUMP(4,1)|SEA FLOOR VENT(4,1)|SEA SILO LARGE VERSION(4,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH(4,1)|SOLID HYDROCHAR(4,1)|SPINNAKER EDGE(4,1)|SUBDUCTION ZONE PUMP(4,1)|TANKER NORMAL LIFE(4,1)|TECTONIC PLATE COLLISION(4,1)|TEMPERATURE COALIFICATION(4,1)|TREE CARBON DENSITY(4,1)|UNPILOTED CONTROL BLIMP(4,1)|WARMER INCOMING WATER(4,1)|WHITE DOT(4,1)|WIND DRIVEN ELECTRICAL TURBINE(4,1)|WOOD FIBER(4,1)|WORLD GREENHOUSE GAS(4,1)|YEAR ROUND(4,1)|ABUNDANCE(3,1)|ACTIVE THERMAL VENT(3,1)|ADDED STABILITY(3,1)|APPROVED SOURCE(3,1)|ATTRACTIVE LOCATION(3,1)|BACKSTAY(3,1)|BALLOON(3,1)|BARRIO LOGAN SECTION(3,1)|BAY(3,1)|BEACH(3,1)|BLACK SMOKER(3,1)|BLIMP SIZE(3,1)|BOILING START(3,1)|BOREHOLE INPUT(3,1)|BOTTOM GRATE(3,1)|BUILDUP(3,1)|BUILT PUMP(3,1)|BYPRODUCT(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CO2(3,1)|CARBON RESIDUE(3,1)|CARBON RESULT(3,1)|CLUSTER(3,1)|CO2 FORMATION(3,1)|COAXIAL RISER TUBE(3,1)|CONIFER(3,1)|CONVECTION(3,1)|CROSS SECTIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(3,1)|CYCLONE(3,1)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(3,1)|DECADE(3,1)|DEEP SEA PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE(3,1)|DENSITY PALM TREE(3,1)|DERIVATION(3,1)|DESIGNED EXPANSION(3,1)|DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT(3,1)|DISPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINER(3,1)|DOWNLOAD(3,1)|DOWNPIPE(3,1)|DRILLING TOWER(3,1)|DRILLSHIP(3,1)|ENOUGH HYDROGEN(3,1)|EQUATOR(3,1)|FERTILIZER(3,1)|FLOATER(3,1)|FLOTATION SUPPORT(3,1)|FLUID CAPABILITY(3,1)|FORWARD FRAME(3,1)|FOUR WIND TURBINE ROW(3,1)|GLOBE(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES SOURCE(3,1)|GROMMET(3,1)|GULF(3,1)|HALYARD(3,1)|HANGAR(3,1)|HARDWOOD(3,1)|HARNESSING WINDPOWER(3,1)|HARVESTER(3,1)|HEATED VENT WATER(3,1)|HEAVY LIFT BLIMP CONFIGURATION(3,1)|HEAVYWEIGHT(3,1)|HILL(3,1)|HOLD LIP(3,1)|HOT RISING WATER(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN TOP(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION OPERATION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OUTPUT TUBE(3,1)|IMPEDANCE(3,1)|INCINERATION(3,1)|INCOMING MATERIAL COALIFICATION(3,1)|INSIDE COAXIAL TUBE(3,1)|INTERNAL COAXIAL TUBE(3,1)|KEEL(3,1)|LARGE REUSABLE VENT(3,1)|LARGE SEA SILO(3,1)|LATE PROCESSING(3,1)|MAST SUPPORT(3,1)|MAXIMIZE VOLUME(3,1)||(US20220363379)|ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,41)|COALIFICATION(100,30)|TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(100,19)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,10)|DEEP OCEAN(100,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|FLIGHT(100,2)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT(65,21)|INTENSELY POPULATED CITY(62,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(43,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT CONSTRUCTION(36,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT(32,120)|HYDRO PYROLYSIS(31,16)|REMOTELY PILOTED AIR VEHICLE(31,4)|SEA SILO(29,42)|LOGGING STRAP(29,1)|LIFT(28,3)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(27,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(24,1)|AIR VEHICLE(23,9)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(22,1)|HARNESS(21,3)|STAGNANT LAYER(21,1)|OUTSIDE HULL(20,1)|PROCESSING STANDPOINT(20,1)|PROPELLER(19,3)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT COALIFY(19,2)|WATER BAG(19,2)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM(18,10)|LANDFILL(18,1)|VOLCANIC HEAT(18,1)|FOCUS(15,1)|BALLAST(14,4)|AILERON(14,2)|BULKHEAD(13,3)|RUDDER(13,2)|ORGANIC MATTER TRANSPORTATION(13,1)|CO2(12,14)|SOIL CORE(12,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASE(12,1)|DOUBLE HULLED SHIP(12,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(12,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE(12,1)|TRANSFER SUBSYSTEM(11,13)|BENSON SAWMILL(11,3)|GONDOLA(11,2)|ORGANIC MATTER GRAVITATIONAL PULL(11,1)|SPINNAKER CLEW POSSESSION(11,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(10,67)|CROSSOVER CONNECTOR(10,5)|LOCATING MAGMA DIKE PROBABILITY(10,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE OIL TANK(10,1)|BOREHOLE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(9,3)|DOUBLED HULLED OIL TANKER(9,3)|COASTAL MOUNTAIN(9,2)|CREW(9,1)|FORESTRY YALE SCHOOL(9,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT OVEN(9,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE BARGE(9,1)|OXYGEN LEVEL(9,1)|WORLD ANTHROPOGENIC GARBAGE(9,1)|ELECTROLYSIS CHAMBER(8,4)|METHANE(8,4)|COALIFICATION SITE(8,3)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSION(8,1)|MAGMA DIKE LOCATION(8,1)|PREVAILING WESTERLY WIND(8,1)|REUSABLE HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(8,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL THERMAL VENT(8,1)|WATER BALLAST STORAGE(8,1)|WORLD MUNICIPAL GARBAGE(8,1)|HOT WATER(7,24)|SPINNAKER POLE(7,9)|COAXIAL PIPE(7,5)|FURLING CORD(7,2)|HYDRO THERMAL VENT OVEN(7,2)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OVEN PLATFORM(7,2)|SPINNAKER FABRIC(7,2)|EARLY POTTERY KILN(7,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC RIDGE(7,1)|SPINNAKER REEFING(7,1)|TRILLION TREE PLANTING EFFORT(7,1)|UNUSED DRUG DESTRUCTION(7,1)|BUOYANCY(6,7)|DRILL SHAFT(6,6)|AVERAGE TREE(6,4)|FLOATING LOG(6,3)|OIL TANK(6,3)|VOLCANIC ENERGY(6,3)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASSES(6,2)|FLOATING DECK(6,2)|HEAVY DOME(6,2)|NAVIGATION LIGHT(6,2)|VIOLENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(6,2)|AGGRESSIVE OXIDANT(6,1)|BARGE TRANSPORTATION(6,1)|ELEVATED COALIFICATION PLATFORM(6,1)|EXTENDIBLE MAST(6,1)|EXTREME HEAT(6,1)|HULL CONTENT COALIFICATION(6,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT IRRUPTION(6,1)|INSULATED COAXIAL RISER PIPE(6,1)|MICROBE RELEASING CO2(6,1)|REEFING SPINNAKER(6,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN LAND ELEVATION(6,1)|SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE(6,1)|STEEP CLIFF(6,1)|STORED ENERGY(6,1)|WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSION(6,1)|DRILL BIT(5,11)|COALIFY ORGANIC MATERIAL(5,9)|CORRAL(5,5)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,5)|ORGANIC MATTER COALIFICATION(5,4)|HEAVY LID(5,3)|CHECKERBOARD SQUARE(5,2)|DISPOSABLE CONTAINER(5,2)|MOORING CABLE(5,2)|OVEN SHELL(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 8M TON(5,1)|BAMBOO RAFT(5,1)|CONTAINER WEIGHTED LID(5,1)|ELECTROLYSIS EQUIPMENT DEPICTION(5,1)|FAST SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(5,1)|FAST SPREADING OCEANIC RIDGE(5,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES EMISSION(5,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT REFLECTOR(5,1)|INLAND HYDROTHERMAL VENT(5,1)|MASSIVE SPINNAKER(5,1)|MULTISTAGE COALIFICATION OVEN CONFIGURATION(5,1)|MUNICIPAL DUMP(5,1)|MUNICIPAL SEWAGE(5,1)|NATION MAJOR CONCERN(5,1)|PASSIVE CAUSATION(5,1)|PROTECT WIND TUNNEL EGRESS(5,1)|SLOW SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(5,1)|STARBOARD MAST(5,1)|WATERLOGGED LOG RAFT(5,1)|WIND TURBINE POWER(5,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD(4,32)|MID OCEAN RIDGE(4,7)|CARGO SHIP(4,4)|RESERVOIR(4,4)|CENTURY(4,3)|COAXIAL CONFIGURATION(4,3)|HURRICANE(4,3)|LOG PROCESSING(4,3)|DRILLING SHAFT(4,2)|LOADED HULL(4,2)|MONITORING STATION(4,2)|NATURAL VENT(4,2)|POROUS SOLID PENETRATION(4,2)|SCREEN PERFORATION(4,2)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER ELECTROLYSIS(4,2)|ACCIDENTAL GROUNDING(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE FLOAT(4,1)|ANNUAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FLUX(4,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERIC CO2(4,1)|AVERAGE DYING TREE(4,1)|BALLAST REQUIREMENT(4,1)|BIG ISLAND(4,1)|BOILING EMISSION(4,1)|BOREHOLE HEATING(4,1)|BOREHOLE LINER(4,1)|COAL RECOVERY(4,1)|COALIFICATION RUN(4,1)|COAXIAL BOREHOLE RISER TUBE(4,1)|COAXIAL PLUMBING CONFIGURATION(4,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS MANAGEMENT(4,1)|CONCENTRIC MAST(4,1)|CONCENTRIC ROTOR(4,1)|CONTAINER CARBONIZATION(4,1)|CONTINENT LOCATION(4,1)|CONTRACTION CAPABILITY(4,1)|DECK SUBMERSION(4,1)|DECONSTRUCTION SITE(4,1)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENT(4,1)|DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CONTAINER(4,1)|DENSITY TEAK(4,1)|DEPLOYED VERSION(4,1)|DEPLOYED WIND(4,1)|DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(4,1)|DRILL SHIP DEPICTION(4,1)|EARTH GROUND(4,1)|ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSOR(4,1)|ELECTROLYSIS TANK(4,1)|ELIMINATED PROPELLER INTERFERENCE(4,1)|EVAPORATION TANK(4,1)|EXPENSIVE GROUNDING(4,1)|FALLEN LEAVE(4,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES RELEASE(4,1)|HATCH COVER GRATE(4,1)|HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC(4,1)|HULL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(4,1)|HUNDRED THOUSAND YEAR(4,1)|HYDROCHAR EXIT(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL ENERGY(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN PROCESSING(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PIPE(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLATFORM(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT SITE(4,1)|ILLEGAL DRUG SEIZURE(4,1)|INCOMING COOLER(4,1)|INCOMING REQUEST ANALYSIS(4,1)|INCOMING STEAM(4,1)|INITIATION SITE(4,1)|INLAND LAKE DEPTH(4,1)|INSOLATION CAPABILITY(4,1)|JACKET INSULATION(4,1)|LAND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(4,1)|LOG MOVING RAFT(4,1)|MAGMA FILL(4,1)|MANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(4,1)|MARKER BUOY(4,1)|MAST EXTENSION(4,1)|MID ALTITUDE CLOUD(4,1)|MODIFIED TANKER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(4,1)|MODIFYING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(4,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE CARBON CONTENT(4,1)|NAID FAULT ZONE(4,1)|NATURE CO2 EMISSION FLUX(4,1)|OCEAN STORM(4,1)|OLD FAITHFUL(4,1)|ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SECTION(4,1)|OUTDATED DRUG(4,1)|PASSIVE RETRIEVAL(4,1)|PIPE DEPICTION(4,1)|PIPE INTERCONNECTION(4,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(4,1)|POROUS HATCH COVER(4,1)|PROTECTING BLIMP(4,1)|RAPID DECOMPOSITION(4,1)|RETRIEVABLE CONTAINER(4,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN PLATE(4,1)|SEWER SLUDGE(4,1)|SHIP ENTRANCE(4,1)|SILO PLUNGER(4,1)|SIZING STANDPOINT(4,1)|STABLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE(4,1)|STEAM PRESSURIZATION(4,1)|STRESS RELIEVING FLOAT(4,1)|SWEET CRUDE PETROLEUM(4,1)|THROUGHPUT HIGHS(4,1)|TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP(4,1)|UNDERWATER UNMANNED VEHICLE(4,1)|UNUSED EXPLOSIVE(4,1)|VEGETABLE DECAY(4,1)|VESSEL FINAL VOYAGE(4,1)|WEST COAST(4,1)|WIND TUNNEL ERECTION(4,1)|WORLD DEAD TREE(4,1)|WORLD FOREST(4,1)|YARD TRIMMING(4,1)|FOOT(3,5)|FURLING LINE(3,5)|LIFTING EYE(3,5)|BALLAST TANK(3,4)|BOW SECTION(3,4)|FASTENER(3,4)|PRESSURE GENERATOR(3,4)|RIVER(3,4)|CATHODE(3,3)|GIGA TON(3,3)|PUSHER(3,3)|AIRPORT(3,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(3,2)|BREAKDOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND(3,2)|CORNER SUPPORT(3,2)|CRACK(3,2)|DEPLOYMENT(3,2)|FORESTAY(3,2)|MILE(3,2)|RAINCLOUD(3,2)|SEALANT(3,2)|SEAWATER(3,2)|VEGETATION(3,2)|WATERLINE(3,2)|AFT FRAME(3,1)|AMENITY(3,1)|ANIMAL DIE(3,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)|ASIAN CONTINENT(3,1)|BARGE HOLD(3,1)|BASIC PREMISE(3,1)|COALIFICATION LEVEL(3,1)|COMPRESSED CARBON(3,1)|CORROSION FAILURE(3,1)|DECK EQUIPMENT(3,1)|DEEP DEPTH(3,1)|DRILLING EQUIPMENT(3,1)|DRY CORRIDOR(3,1)|EGRESS RISER TUBE(3,1)|EGRESSION(3,1)|ELECTRICAL GENERATING BARGE(3,1)|ENTRANCE PIPE(3,1)|FAST OXIDATION(3,1)|FORWARD COMPARTMENT(3,1)|FUNNEL SHAPED COLLECTOR(3,1)|GENERATOR ROW(3,1)|HEAVY CONTAINER(3,1)|HULL HOLD(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT ENERGY(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PROCESSING OVEN(3,1)|INTERMEDIARY COMPONENT(3,1)|INTERNAL BULKHEAD(3,1)|INTERNAL TANK BULKHEAD(3,1)|MODIFIED HULL(3,1)|MOVEABLE DOME(3,1)|MOVING INLAND(3,1)|NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT(3,1)|OVEN HOUSING(3,1)|OXYGEN AFFINITY(3,1)|PLANT DIE(3,1)|PLANT RELEASE(3,1)|POLARITY LOSS(3,1)|POROUS GRATED BOTTOM(3,1)|POTTERY PROCESSING(3,1)|PREVALENT GREENHOUSE GAS(3,1)|RAIN CLOUD GENERATION(3,1)|ROCK CORE(3,1)|SEA FLOOR VENT(3,1)|SEA SILO LARGE VERSION(3,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH(3,1)|SOLID HYDROCHAR(3,1)|SPINNAKER EDGE(3,1)|TANKER NORMAL LIFE(3,1)|TECTONIC PLATE COLLISION(3,1)|TEMPERATURE COALIFICATION(3,1)|TREE CARBON DENSITY(3,1)|UNPILOTED CONTROL BLIMP(3,1)|WARMER INCOMING WATER(3,1)|WHITE DOT(3,1)|WIND DRIVEN ELECTRICAL TURBINE(3,1)|WOOD FIBER(3,1)|WORLD GREENHOUSE GAS(3,1)|YEAR ROUND(3,1)|ANODE(2,3)|COAL SEAM(2,3)|DIRECTIONAL ARROW(2,3)|FOSSIL FUEL(2,3)|GUY(2,3)|MAGMA CHAMBER(2,3)|REUSABLE CONTAINER(2,3)|STEAM TURBINE(2,3)|WIND TURBINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR(2,3)|CRANE(2,2)|SHORE(2,2)|SHROUD(2,2)|ABUNDANCE(2,1)|ACTIVE THERMAL VENT(2,1)|ADDED STABILITY(2,1)|APPROVED SOURCE(2,1)|ATTRACTIVE LOCATION(2,1)|BACKSTAY(2,1)|BALLOON(2,1)|BARRIO LOGAN SECTION(2,1)|BAY(2,1)|BEACH(2,1)|BLACK SMOKER(2,1)|BLIMP SIZE(2,1)|BOILING START(2,1)|BOREHOLE INPUT(2,1)|BOTTOM GRATE(2,1)|BUILDUP(2,1)|BYPRODUCT(2,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CO2(2,1)|CARBON RESIDUE(2,1)|CARBON RESULT(2,1)|CLUSTER(2,1)|CO2 FORMATION(2,1)|COAXIAL RISER TUBE(2,1)|CONIFER(2,1)|CONVECTION(2,1)|CROSS SECTIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(2,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTION(2,1)|CYCLONE(2,1)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(2,1)|DECADE(2,1)|DEEP SEA PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE(2,1)|DENSITY PALM TREE(2,1)|DERIVATION(2,1)|DESIGNED EXPANSION(2,1)|DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT(2,1)|DISPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINER(2,1)|DOWNLOAD(2,1)|DOWNPIPE(2,1)|DRILLING TOWER(2,1)|DRILLSHIP(2,1)|ELECTRICITY(2,1)|ENOUGH HYDROGEN(2,1)|EQUATOR(2,1)|FERTILIZER(2,1)|FLOATER(2,1)|FLOTATION SUPPORT(2,1)|FLUID CAPABILITY(2,1)|FORWARD FRAME(2,1)|FOUR WIND TURBINE ROW(2,1)|GLOBE(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES SOURCE(2,1)|GROMMET(2,1)|GULF(2,1)|HALYARD(2,1)|HANGAR(2,1)|HARDWOOD(2,1)|HARNESSING WINDPOWER(2,1)|HARVESTER(2,1)|HEATED VENT WATER(2,1)|HEAVY LIFT BLIMP CONFIGURATION(2,1)|HEAVYWEIGHT(2,1)|HILL(2,1)|HOLD LIP(2,1)|HOT RISING WATER(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN TOP(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION OPERATION(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OUTPUT TUBE(2,1)|IMPEDANCE(2,1)|INCINERATION(2,1)|INCOMING MATERIAL COALIFICATION(2,1)|INSIDE COAXIAL TUBE(2,1)|INTERNAL COAXIAL TUBE(2,1)|KEEL(2,1)|LARGE REUSABLE VENT(2,1)|LARGE SEA SILO(2,1)|LATE PROCESSING(2,1)|MAST SUPPORT(2,1)|MAXIMIZE VOLUME(2,1)||(US11414962)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT(100,33)|COALIFICATION(100,30)|HYDRO PYROLYSIS(100,22)|COALIFY ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,12)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,11)|DEEP OCEAN(100,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(46,27)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT COALIFY(41,3)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM(37,16)|INTENSELY POPULATED CITY(30,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(21,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT CONSTRUCTION(17,1)|TRANSFER SUBSYSTEM(16,17)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT(15,120)|DOWNPIPE(15,3)|SEA SILO(14,42)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(13,2)|DRILL SHAFT(12,8)|BOTTOM GRATE(12,3)|BAMBOO RAFT(12,2)|DRILL(11,11)|FUNNEL(11,4)|NATURALLY OCCURRING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(11,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(11,1)|HOT WATER(10,30)|STEAM(10,19)|OUTSIDE HULL(10,1)|PROCESSING STANDPOINT(10,1)|STAGNANT LAYER(10,1)|DRILL SHIP(9,11)|LANDFILL(9,1)|VOLCANIC HEAT(9,1)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER(7,23)|REUSABLE CONTAINER(7,6)|FOCUS(7,1)|CO2(6,14)|SOIL CORE(6,4)|BULKHEAD(6,3)|DOUBLE HULLED SHIP(6,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE(6,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTOR(5,5)|BENSON SAWMILL(5,3)|CRANE(5,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASE(5,1)|COALIFIED ORGANIC MATERIAL(5,1)|LOCATING MAGMA DIKE PROBABILITY(5,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(5,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE OIL TANK(5,1)|SPINNAKER CLEW POSSESSION(5,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(4,65)|DRILL BIT(4,12)|METHANE(4,4)|BOREHOLE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(4,3)|COALIFICATION SITE(4,3)|DOUBLED HULLED OIL TANKER(4,3)|FLOAT TANK(4,3)|COASTAL MOUNTAIN(4,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSION(4,1)|FORESTRY YALE SCHOOL(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT OVEN(4,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE BARGE(4,1)|OXYGEN LEVEL(4,1)|WORLD ANTHROPOGENIC GARBAGE(4,1)|SPINNAKER POLE(3,9)|BUOYANCY(3,7)|BALLAST TANK(3,5)|COAXIAL PIPE(3,5)|ELECTROLYSIS CHAMBER(3,4)|FLOATING LOG(3,3)|ORGANIC MATERIAL COALIFY(3,3)|VOLCANIC ENERGY(3,3)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASSES(3,2)|FLOATING DECK(3,2)|FURLING CORD(3,2)|HEAVY DOME(3,2)|HYDRO THERMAL VENT OVEN(3,2)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OVEN PLATFORM(3,2)|SPINNAKER FABRIC(3,2)|VIOLENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(3,2)|AGGRESSIVE OXIDANT(3,1)|BARGE TRANSPORTATION(3,1)|EARLY POTTERY KILN(3,1)|ELEVATED COALIFICATION PLATFORM(3,1)|EXTENDIBLE MAST(3,1)|EXTREME HEAT(3,1)|HULL CONTENT COALIFICATION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT IRRUPTION(3,1)|INSULATED COAXIAL RISER PIPE(3,1)|MAGMA DIKE LOCATION(3,1)|MICROBE RELEASING CO2(3,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC RIDGE(3,1)|PREVAILING WESTERLY WIND(3,1)|REEFING SPINNAKER(3,1)|REUSABLE HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(3,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN LAND ELEVATION(3,1)|SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE(3,1)|SPINNAKER REEFING(3,1)|STEEP CLIFF(3,1)|STORED ENERGY(3,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL THERMAL VENT(3,1)|TRILLION TREE PLANTING EFFORT(3,1)|UNUSED DRUG DESTRUCTION(3,1)|WORLD MUNICIPAL GARBAGE(3,1)|WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|ORGANIC MATERIAL(2,47)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD(2,32)|MID OCEAN RIDGE(2,7)|CORRAL(2,5)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,5)|AVERAGE TREE(2,4)|CARGO SHIP(2,4)|ORGANIC MATTER COALIFICATION(2,4)|RESERVOIR(2,4)|BAMBOO(2,3)|CENTURY(2,3)|COAXIAL CONFIGURATION(2,3)|HEAVY LID(2,3)|HURRICANE(2,3)|LOG PROCESSING(2,3)|OIL TANK(2,3)|CHECKERBOARD SQUARE(2,2)|DISPOSABLE CONTAINER(2,2)|DRILLING SHAFT(2,2)|LOADED HULL(2,2)|MONITORING STATION(2,2)|MOORING CABLE(2,2)|NATURAL VENT(2,2)|OVEN SHELL(2,2)|POROUS SOLID PENETRATION(2,2)|SCREEN PERFORATION(2,2)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER ELECTROLYSIS(2,2)|ACCIDENTAL GROUNDING(2,1)|ANNUAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FLUX(2,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 8M TON(2,1)|AVERAGE DYING TREE(2,1)|BIG ISLAND(2,1)|BOREHOLE LINER(2,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS MANAGEMENT(2,1)|CONCENTRIC MAST(2,1)|CONTAINER CARBONIZATION(2,1)|CONTAINER WEIGHTED LID(2,1)|DECK SUBMERSION(2,1)|DECONSTRUCTION SITE(2,1)|DEPLOYED WIND(2,1)|DRILL SHIP DEPICTION(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS EQUIPMENT DEPICTION(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSOR(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS TANK(2,1)|ELIMINATED PROPELLER INTERFERENCE(2,1)|FAST SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|FAST SPREADING OCEANIC RIDGE(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES EMISSION(2,1)|HATCH COVER GRATE(2,1)|HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC(2,1)|HULL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(2,1)|HYDROCHAR EXIT(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLATFORM(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT REFLECTOR(2,1)|ILLEGAL DRUG SEIZURE(2,1)|INLAND HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|INLAND LAKE DEPTH(2,1)|INSOLATION CAPABILITY(2,1)|MARKER BUOY(2,1)|MASSIVE SPINNAKER(2,1)|MID ALTITUDE CLOUD(2,1)|MULTISTAGE COALIFICATION OVEN CONFIGURATION(2,1)|MUNICIPAL DUMP(2,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|MUNICIPAL SEWAGE(2,1)|NATION MAJOR CONCERN(2,1)|OCEAN STORM(2,1)|ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SECTION(2,1)|OUTDATED DRUG(2,1)|PASSIVE CAUSATION(2,1)|PASSIVE RETRIEVAL(2,1)|PIPE DEPICTION(2,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(2,1)|PROTECT WIND TUNNEL EGRESS(2,1)|PROTECTING BLIMP(2,1)|RETRIEVABLE CONTAINER(2,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN PLATE(2,1)|SEWER SLUDGE(2,1)|SHIP ENTRANCE(2,1)|SILO PLUNGER(2,1)|SIZING STANDPOINT(2,1)|SLOW SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|STABLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE(2,1)|STARBOARD MAST(2,1)|THROUGHPUT HIGHS(2,1)|TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP(2,1)|UNUSED EXPLOSIVE(2,1)|VEGETABLE DECAY(2,1)|VESSEL FINAL VOYAGE(2,1)|WATERLOGGED LOG RAFT(2,1)|WEST COAST(2,1)|WIND TUNNEL ERECTION(2,1)|WIND TURBINE POWER(2,1)|WORLD FOREST(2,1)|YARD TRIMMING(2,1)|FOOT(1,5)|FURLING LINE(1,5)|LIFTING EYE(1,5)|BOW SECTION(1,4)|FASTENER(1,4)|PRESSURE GENERATOR(1,4)|RIVER(1,4)|STRUCTURAL SUPPORT(1,4)|ANODE(1,3)|CATHODE(1,3)|COAL SEAM(1,3)|DIRECTIONAL ARROW(1,3)|FOSSIL FUEL(1,3)|GIGA TON(1,3)|GUY(1,3)|MAGMA CHAMBER(1,3)|MOORING LINE(1,3)|PUSHER(1,3)|STEAM TURBINE(1,3)|WIND TURBINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR(1,3)|AIRPORT(1,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,2)|BREAKDOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND(1,2)|CORNER SUPPORT(1,2)|CRACK(1,2)|DEPLOYMENT(1,2)|FORESTAY(1,2)|MILE(1,2)|RAINCLOUD(1,2)|SEALANT(1,2)|SEAWATER(1,2)|SHORE(1,2)|SHROUD(1,2)|VEGETATION(1,2)|WATERLINE(1,2)|ABUNDANCE(1,1)|ACTIVE THERMAL VENT(1,1)|ADDED STABILITY(1,1)|ADJUSTABLE FLOAT(1,1)|AFT FRAME(1,1)|AILERON(1,1)|AMENITY(1,1)|ANIMAL DIE(1,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,1)|APPROVED SOURCE(1,1)|ASIAN CONTINENT(1,1)|ATTRACTIVE LOCATION(1,1)|BACKSTAY(1,1)|BALLAST REQUIREMENT(1,1)|BALLOON(1,1)|BARGE HOLD(1,1)|BARRIO LOGAN SECTION(1,1)|BASIC PREMISE(1,1)|BAY(1,1)|BEACH(1,1)|BLACK SMOKER(1,1)|BLIMP SIZE(1,1)|BOILING EMISSION(1,1)|BOILING START(1,1)|BOREHOLE HEATING(1,1)|BOREHOLE INPUT(1,1)|BUILDUP(1,1)|BYPRODUCT(1,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CO2(1,1)|CARBON RESIDUE(1,1)|CARBON RESULT(1,1)|CLUSTER(1,1)|CO2 FORMATION(1,1)|COAL RECOVERY(1,1)|COALIFICATION LEVEL(1,1)|COALIFICATION RUN(1,1)|COAXIAL BOREHOLE RISER TUBE(1,1)|COAXIAL PLUMBING CONFIGURATION(1,1)|COAXIAL RISER TUBE(1,1)|COMPRESSED CARBON(1,1)|CONCENTRIC ROTOR(1,1)|CONIFER(1,1)|CONTINENT LOCATION(1,1)|CONTRACTION CAPABILITY(1,1)|CONVECTION(1,1)|CORROSION FAILURE(1,1)|CROSS SECTIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTION(1,1)|CYCLONE(1,1)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(1,1)|DECADE(1,1)|DECK EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DEEP DEPTH(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|DEEP SEA PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE(1,1)|DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CONTAINER(1,1)|DENSITY PALM TREE(1,1)|DENSITY TEAK(1,1)|DEPLOYED VERSION(1,1)|DERIVATION(1,1)|DESIGNED EXPANSION(1,1)|DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT(1,1)|DISPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINER(1,1)|DOWNLOAD(1,1)|DRILLING EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DRILLING TOWER(1,1)|DRILLSHIP(1,1)|DRY CORRIDOR(1,1)|EARTH GROUND(1,1)|EGRESS RISER TUBE(1,1)|EGRESSION(1,1)|ELECTRICAL GENERATING BARGE(1,1)|ELECTRICITY(1,1)|ENOUGH HYDROGEN(1,1)|ENTRANCE PIPE(1,1)|EQUATOR(1,1)|EVAPORATION TANK(1,1)|EXPENSIVE GROUNDING(1,1)|FALLEN LEAVE(1,1)|FAST OXIDATION(1,1)|FERTILIZER(1,1)|FLOATER(1,1)|FLOTATION SUPPORT(1,1)|FLUID CAPABILITY(1,1)|FORWARD COMPARTMENT(1,1)|FORWARD FRAME(1,1)|FOUR WIND TURBINE ROW(1,1)|FUNNEL SHAPED COLLECTOR(1,1)|GENERATOR ROW(1,1)|GLOBE(1,1)|GONDOLA(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES RELEASE(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES SOURCE(1,1)|GROMMET(1,1)|GULF(1,1)|HALYARD(1,1)|HANGAR(1,1)|HARDWOOD(1,1)|HARNESSING WINDPOWER(1,1)|HARVESTER(1,1)|HEATED VENT WATER(1,1)|HEAVY CONTAINER(1,1)|HEAVY LIFT BLIMP CONFIGURATION(1,1)|HEAVYWEIGHT(1,1)|HILL(1,1)|HOLD LIP(1,1)|HOT RISING WATER(1,1)|HULL HOLD(1,1)|HUNDRED THOUSAND YEAR(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL ENERGY(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN PROCESSING(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN TOP(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION OPERATION(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT ENERGY(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OUTPUT TUBE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PIPE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PROCESSING OVEN(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT SITE(1,1)|IMPEDANCE(1,1)|INCINERATION(1,1)|INCOMING COOLER(1,1)|INCOMING MATERIAL COALIFICATION(1,1)|INCOMING REQUEST ANALYSIS(1,1)|INCOMING STEAM(1,1)|INITIATION SITE(1,1)|INSIDE COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERMEDIARY COMPONENT(1,1)|INTERNAL BULKHEAD(1,1)|INTERNAL COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERNAL TANK BULKHEAD(1,1)|JACKET INSULATION(1,1)|KEEL(1,1)|LAND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|LARGE REUSABLE VENT(1,1)|LARGE SEA SILO(1,1)|LATE PROCESSING(1,1)|LOG MOVING RAFT(1,1)|MAGMA FILL(1,1)|MANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|MAST EXTENSION(1,1)|MAST SUPPORT(1,1)|MAXIMIZE VOLUME(1,1)|MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC MATTER(1,1)|MODIFIED HULL(1,1)|MODIFIED TANKER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|MODIFYING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|MOVEABLE DOME(1,1)|MOVING INLAND(1,1)|NAID FAULT ZONE(1,1)|NATURE CO2 EMISSION FLUX(1,1)|NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT(1,1)|OLD FAITHFUL(1,1)|OVEN HOUSING(1,1)|OXYGEN AFFINITY(1,1)|PIPE INTERCONNECTION(1,1)|PLANT DIE(1,1)|PLANT RELEASE(1,1)|POLARITY LOSS(1,1)|POROUS GRATED BOTTOM(1,1)|POROUS HATCH COVER(1,1)|POTTERY PROCESSING(1,1)|PREVALENT GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|RAIN CLOUD GENERATION(1,1)|RAPID DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|ROCK CORE(1,1)|SEA FLOOR VENT(1,1)|SEA SILO LARGE VERSION(1,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH(1,1)|SOLID HYDROCHAR(1,1)|SPINNAKER EDGE(1,1)|STEAM PRESSURIZATION(1,1)|STRESS RELIEVING FLOAT(1,1)|SWEET CRUDE PETROLEUM(1,1)|TANKER NORMAL LIFE(1,1)|TECTONIC PLATE COLLISION(1,1)|TEMPERATURE COALIFICATION(1,1)|TREE CARBON DENSITY(1,1)|UNDERWATER UNMANNED VEHICLE(1,1)|UNPILOTED CONTROL BLIMP(1,1)|WARMER INCOMING WATER(1,1)|WHITE DOT(1,1)|WIND DRIVEN ELECTRICAL TURBINE(1,1)|WOOD FIBER(1,1)|WORLD DEAD TREE(1,1)|WORLD GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|YEAR ROUND(1,1)||(US20220074285)|ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,50)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT(100,34)|COALIFICATION(100,30)|HYDRO PYROLYSIS(100,22)|PROXIMITY(100,18)|COALIFY ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,12)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,11)|DEEP OCEAN(100,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(40,25)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT COALIFY(40,3)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM(36,16)|INTENSELY POPULATED CITY(30,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(20,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN DISPOSED PROXIMITY(18,2)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT CONSTRUCTION(17,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT(15,120)|TRANSFER SUBSYSTEM(15,17)|SEA SILO(14,42)|DOWNPIPE(14,3)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(13,2)|DRILL SHAFT(12,8)|BOTTOM GRATE(12,3)|BAMBOO RAFT(12,2)|OVEN DISPOSED PROXIMITY(12,2)|FUNNEL DISPOSED PROXIMITY(12,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(11,1)|STEAM(10,19)|DRILL(10,11)|OUTSIDE HULL(10,1)|PROCESSING STANDPOINT(10,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(10,1)|STAGNANT LAYER(10,1)|HOT WATER(9,30)|DRILL SHIP(8,11)|LANDFILL(8,1)|VOLCANIC HEAT(8,1)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER(7,23)|REUSABLE CONTAINER(7,6)|FUNNEL(7,3)|FOCUS(7,1)|BUOYANCY(6,8)|BULKHEAD(6,3)|DOUBLE HULLED SHIP(6,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE(6,1)|CO2(5,14)|CROSSOVER CONNECTOR(5,5)|BENSON SAWMILL(5,3)|CRANE(5,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASE(5,1)|COALIFIED ORGANIC MATERIAL(5,1)|LOCATING MAGMA DIKE PROBABILITY(5,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(5,1)|PREVENT BYPRODUCT(5,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE OIL TANK(5,1)|SPINNAKER CLEW POSSESSION(5,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(4,65)|DRILL BIT(4,12)|METHANE(4,4)|BOREHOLE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(4,3)|COALIFICATION SITE(4,3)|DOUBLED HULLED OIL TANKER(4,3)|FLOAT TANK(4,3)|COASTAL MOUNTAIN(4,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSION(4,1)|FORESTRY YALE SCHOOL(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT OVEN(4,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE BARGE(4,1)|OXYGEN LEVEL(4,1)|WORLD ANTHROPOGENIC GARBAGE(4,1)|SPINNAKER POLE(3,9)|BALLAST TANK(3,5)|COAXIAL PIPE(3,5)|PRESSURE GENERATOR(3,5)|ELECTROLYSIS CHAMBER(3,4)|FLOATING LOG(3,3)|ORGANIC MATERIAL COALIFY(3,3)|VOLCANIC ENERGY(3,3)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASSES(3,2)|FURLING CORD(3,2)|HYDRO THERMAL VENT OVEN(3,2)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OVEN PLATFORM(3,2)|SPINNAKER FABRIC(3,2)|VIOLENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(3,2)|AGGRESSIVE OXIDANT(3,1)|BARGE TRANSPORTATION(3,1)|EARLY POTTERY KILN(3,1)|ELEVATED COALIFICATION PLATFORM(3,1)|EXTENDIBLE MAST(3,1)|EXTREME HEAT(3,1)|HULL CONTENT COALIFICATION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT IRRUPTION(3,1)|INSULATED COAXIAL RISER PIPE(3,1)|MAGMA DIKE LOCATION(3,1)|MICROBE RELEASING CO2(3,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC RIDGE(3,1)|PREVAILING WESTERLY WIND(3,1)|REEFING SPINNAKER(3,1)|REUSABLE HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(3,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN LAND ELEVATION(3,1)|SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE(3,1)|SPINNAKER REEFING(3,1)|STEEP CLIFF(3,1)|STORED ENERGY(3,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL THERMAL VENT(3,1)|TRILLION TREE PLANTING EFFORT(3,1)|UNUSED DRUG DESTRUCTION(3,1)|WORLD MUNICIPAL GARBAGE(3,1)|WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD(2,32)|MID OCEAN RIDGE(2,7)|CORRAL(2,5)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,5)|AVERAGE TREE(2,4)|CARGO SHIP(2,4)|ORGANIC MATTER COALIFICATION(2,4)|RESERVOIR(2,4)|BAMBOO(2,3)|CENTURY(2,3)|COAXIAL CONFIGURATION(2,3)|HURRICANE(2,3)|LOG PROCESSING(2,3)|OIL TANK(2,3)|CHECKERBOARD SQUARE(2,2)|DISPOSABLE CONTAINER(2,2)|DRILLING SHAFT(2,2)|FLOATING DECK(2,2)|HEAVY DOME(2,2)|HEAVY LID(2,2)|LOADED HULL(2,2)|MONITORING STATION(2,2)|MOORING CABLE(2,2)|OVEN SHELL(2,2)|POROUS SOLID PENETRATION(2,2)|SCREEN PERFORATION(2,2)|SOIL CORE PROXIMITY(2,2)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER ELECTROLYSIS(2,2)|ACCIDENTAL GROUNDING(2,1)|ANNUAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FLUX(2,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 8M TON(2,1)|AVERAGE DYING TREE(2,1)|BIG ISLAND(2,1)|BOREHOLE LINER(2,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS MANAGEMENT(2,1)|CONCENTRIC MAST(2,1)|CONTAINER CARBONIZATION(2,1)|CONTAINER WEIGHTED THREAT(2,1)|DECK SUBMERSION(2,1)|DECONSTRUCTION SITE(2,1)|DEPLOYED WIND(2,1)|DRILL SHIP DEPICTION(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS EQUIPMENT DEPICTION(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSOR(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS TANK(2,1)|ELIMINATED PROPELLER INTERFERENCE(2,1)|FAST SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|FAST SPREADING OCEANIC RIDGE(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES EMISSION(2,1)|HATCH COVER GRATE(2,1)|HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC(2,1)|HULL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(2,1)|HYDROCHAR EXIT(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLATFORM(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT REFLECTOR(2,1)|ILLEGAL DRUG SEIZURE(2,1)|INLAND HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|INLAND LAKE DEPTH(2,1)|INSOLATION CAPABILITY(2,1)|MARKER BUOY(2,1)|MASSIVE SPINNAKER(2,1)|MID ALTITUDE CLOUD(2,1)|MULTISTAGE COALIFICATION OVEN CONFIGURATION(2,1)|MUNICIPAL DUMP(2,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|MUNICIPAL SEWAGE(2,1)|NATION MAJOR CONCERN(2,1)|OCEAN STORM(2,1)|ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SECTION(2,1)|OUTDATED DRUG(2,1)|PASSIVE CAUSATION(2,1)|PASSIVE RETRIEVAL(2,1)|PIPE DEPICTION(2,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(2,1)|PROTECT WIND TUNNEL EGRESS(2,1)|PROTECTING BLIMP(2,1)|RETRIEVABLE CONTAINER(2,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN PLATE(2,1)|SEWER SLUDGE(2,1)|SHIP ENTRANCE(2,1)|SILO PLUNGER(2,1)|SIZING STANDPOINT(2,1)|SLOW SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|STABLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE(2,1)|STARBOARD MAST(2,1)|THROUGHPUT HIGHS(2,1)|TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP(2,1)|UNUSED EXPLOSIVE(2,1)|VEGETABLE DECAY(2,1)|VESSEL FINAL VOYAGE(2,1)|WATERLOGGED LOG RAFT(2,1)|WEST COAST(2,1)|WIND TUNNEL ERECTION(2,1)|WIND TURBINE POWER(2,1)|WORLD FOREST(2,1)|YARD TRIMMING(2,1)|BOTTOM END(1,5)|FURLING LINE(1,5)|LIFTING EYE(1,5)|BOW SECTION(1,4)|FASTENER(1,4)|RIVER(1,4)|STRUCTURAL SUPPORT(1,4)|ANODE(1,3)|CATHODE(1,3)|COAL SEAM(1,3)|DIRECTIONAL ARROW(1,3)|FOSSIL FUEL(1,3)|GIGA TON(1,3)|GUY(1,3)|MOORING LINE(1,3)|PUSHER(1,3)|STEAM TURBINE(1,3)|WIND TURBINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR(1,3)|AIRPORT(1,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,2)|BREAKDOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND(1,2)|CORNER SUPPORT(1,2)|CRACK(1,2)|DEPLOYMENT(1,2)|FORESTAY(1,2)|MILE(1,2)|RAINCLOUD(1,2)|SEALANT(1,2)|SEAWATER(1,2)|SHORE(1,2)|SHROUD(1,2)|VEGETATION(1,2)|WATERLINE(1,2)|ABUNDANCE(1,1)|ACTIVE THERMAL VENT(1,1)|ADDED STABILITY(1,1)|ADJUSTABLE FLOAT(1,1)|AFT FRAME(1,1)|AILERON(1,1)|AMENITY(1,1)|ANIMAL DIE(1,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,1)|APPROVED SOURCE(1,1)|ASIAN CONTINENT(1,1)|ATTRACTIVE LOCATION(1,1)|BACKSTAY(1,1)|BALLAST REQUIREMENT(1,1)|BALLOON(1,1)|BARGE HOLD(1,1)|BARRIO LOGAN SECTION(1,1)|BASIC PREMISE(1,1)|BAY(1,1)|BEACH(1,1)|BLACK SMOKER(1,1)|BLIMP SIZE(1,1)|BOILING EMISSION(1,1)|BOILING START(1,1)|BOREHOLE HEATING(1,1)|BOREHOLE INPUT(1,1)|BUILDUP(1,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CO2(1,1)|CARBON RESIDUE(1,1)|CARBON RESULT(1,1)|CLUSTER(1,1)|CO2 FORMATION(1,1)|COAL RECOVERY(1,1)|COALIFICATION LEVEL(1,1)|COALIFICATION RUN(1,1)|COAXIAL BOREHOLE RISER TUBE(1,1)|COAXIAL PLUMBING CONFIGURATION(1,1)|COAXIAL RISER TUBE(1,1)|COMPRESSED CARBON(1,1)|CONCENTRIC ROTOR(1,1)|CONIFER(1,1)|CONTINENT LOCATION(1,1)|CONTRACTION CAPABILITY(1,1)|CONVECTION(1,1)|CORROSION FAILURE(1,1)|CROSS SECTIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTION(1,1)|CYCLONE(1,1)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(1,1)|DECADE(1,1)|DECK EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DEEP DEPTH(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|DEEP SEA PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE(1,1)|DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CONTAINER(1,1)|DENSITY PALM TREE(1,1)|DENSITY TEAK(1,1)|DEPLOYED VERSION(1,1)|DERIVATION(1,1)|DESIGNED EXPANSION(1,1)|DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT(1,1)|DISPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINER(1,1)|DOWNLOAD(1,1)|DRILLING DOWN PROXIMITY(1,1)|DRILLING EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DRILLING TOWER(1,1)|DRILLSHIP(1,1)|DRY CORRIDOR(1,1)|EARTH GROUND(1,1)|EGRESS RISER 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ENERGY(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OUTPUT TUBE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PIPE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PROCESSING OVEN(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT SITE(1,1)|IMPEDANCE(1,1)|INCINERATION(1,1)|INCOMING COOLER(1,1)|INCOMING MATERIAL COALIFICATION(1,1)|INCOMING REQUEST ANALYSIS(1,1)|INCOMING STEAM(1,1)|INITIATION SITE(1,1)|INSIDE COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERMEDIARY COMPONENT(1,1)|INTERNAL BULKHEAD(1,1)|INTERNAL COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERNAL TANK BULKHEAD(1,1)|JACKET INSULATION(1,1)|KEEL(1,1)|LAND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|LARGE REUSABLE VENT(1,1)|LARGE SEA SILO(1,1)|LATE PROCESSING(1,1)|LOG MOVING RAFT(1,1)|MAGMA CHAMBER PROXIMITY(1,1)|MAGMA FILL(1,1)|MAGMA PROXIMITY(1,1)|MANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|MAST EXTENSION(1,1)|MAST SUPPORT(1,1)|MAXIMIZE VOLUME(1,1)|MODIFIED HULL(1,1)|MODIFIED TANKER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|MODIFYING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|MOVEABLE DOME(1,1)|MOVING INLAND(1,1)|NAID FAULT ZONE(1,1)|NATURE CO2 EMISSION FLUX(1,1)|NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT(1,1)|NETTING PROXIMITY(1,1)|OLD FAITHFUL(1,1)|OVEN HOUSING(1,1)|OXYGEN AFFINITY(1,1)|PIPE INTERCONNECTION(1,1)|PLANT DIE(1,1)|PLANT RELEASE(1,1)|POLARITY LOSS(1,1)|POROUS GRATED BOTTOM(1,1)|POROUS HATCH COVER(1,1)|POTTERY PROCESSING(1,1)|PREVALENT GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|PROXIMITY NATURAL VENT(1,1)|RAIN CLOUD GENERATION(1,1)|RAPID DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|ROCK CORE(1,1)|SEA FLOOR VENT(1,1)|SEA SILO LARGE VERSION(1,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH(1,1)|SIX HUNDRED FOOT(1,1)|SOLID HYDROCHAR(1,1)|SPINNAKER EDGE(1,1)|STEAM PRESSURIZATION(1,1)|STRESS RELIEVING FLOAT(1,1)|SWEET CRUDE PETROLEUM(1,1)|TANKER NORMAL LIFE(1,1)|TECTONIC PLATE COLLISION(1,1)|TEMPERATURE COALIFICATION(1,1)|TREE CARBON DENSITY(1,1)|UNDERWATER UNMANNED VEHICLE(1,1)|UNPILOTED CONTROL BLIMP(1,1)|VALLEY PROXIMITY(1,1)|WARMER INCOMING WATER(1,1)|WAVELENGTH PROXIMITY(1,1)|WHITE DOT(1,1)|WIDTH HUNDRED FOOT PROXIMITY(1,1)|WIND DRIVEN ELECTRICAL TURBINE(1,1)|WOOD FIBER(1,1)|WORLD DEAD TREE(1,1)|WORLD GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|YEAR ROUND(1,1)||(WO2022/055827)|ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,52)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT(100,34)|COALIFICATION(100,31)|HYDRO PYROLYSIS(100,22)|COALIFY ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,12)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,11)|DEEP OCEAN(100,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(45,27)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT COALIFY(40,3)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM(36,16)|INTENSELY POPULATED CITY(30,1)|TRANSFER SUBSYSTEM(15,17)|SEA SILO(14,42)|DOWNPIPE(14,3)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT(13,120)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(13,2)|DRILL SHAFT(12,8)|BOTTOM GRATE(12,3)|BAMBOO RAFT(12,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(11,1)|OPENED CO2(11,1)|STEAM(10,19)|DRILL(10,11)|FUNNEL(10,4)|OUTSIDE HULL(10,1)|PROCESSING STANDPOINT(10,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(10,1)|STAGNANT LAYER(10,1)|HOT WATER(9,30)|DRILL SHIP(8,11)|LANDFILL(8,1)|VOLCANIC HEAT(8,1)|SEA(7,32)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER(7,23)|REUSABLE CONTAINER(7,6)|FOCUS(7,1)|BUOYANCY(6,8)|SOIL CORE(6,4)|BULKHEAD(6,3)|DOUBLE HULLED SHIP(6,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE(6,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTOR(5,5)|BENSON SAWMILL(5,3)|CRANE(5,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASE(5,1)|COALIFIED ORGANIC MATERIAL(5,1)|LOCATING MAGMA DIKE PROBABILITY(5,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(5,1)|PREVENT BYPRODUCT(5,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE OIL TANK(5,1)|SPINNAKER CLEW POSSESSION(5,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(4,65)|DRILL BIT(4,12)|METHANE(4,4)|BOREHOLE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(4,3)|DOUBLED HULLED OIL TANKER(4,3)|FLOAT TANK(4,3)|COASTAL MOUNTAIN(4,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSION(4,1)|FORESTRY YALE SCHOOL(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT OVEN(4,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE BARGE(4,1)|OXYGEN LEVEL(4,1)|WORLD ANTHROPOGENIC GARBAGE(4,1)|SPINNAKER POLE(3,9)|BALLAST TANK(3,5)|COAXIAL PIPE(3,5)|PRESSURE GENERATOR(3,5)|ELECTROLYSIS CHAMBER(3,4)|FLOATING LOG(3,3)|ORGANIC MATERIAL COALIFY(3,3)|VOLCANIC ENERGY(3,3)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASSES(3,2)|COALIFICATION SITE(3,2)|FURLING CORD(3,2)|HYDRO THERMAL VENT OVEN(3,2)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OVEN PLATFORM(3,2)|SPINNAKER FABRIC(3,2)|VIOLENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(3,2)|AGGRESSIVE OXIDANT(3,1)|BARGE TRANSPORTATION(3,1)|EARLY POTTERY KILN(3,1)|ELEVATED COALIFICATION PLATFORM(3,1)|EXTENDIBLE MAST(3,1)|EXTREME HEAT(3,1)|HULL CONTENT COALIFICATION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT IRRUPTION(3,1)|INSULATED COAXIAL RISER PIPE(3,1)|MAGMA DIKE LOCATION(3,1)|MICROBE RELEASING CO2(3,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC RIDGE(3,1)|PREVAILING WESTERLY WIND(3,1)|REEFING SPINNAKER(3,1)|REUSABLE HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(3,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN LAND ELEVATION(3,1)|SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE(3,1)|SPINNAKER REEFING(3,1)|STEEP CLIFF(3,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL THERMAL VENT(3,1)|TRILLION TREE PLANTING EFFORT(3,1)|UNUSED DRUG DESTRUCTION(3,1)|WORLD MUNICIPAL GARBAGE(3,1)|WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD(2,32)|MID OCEAN RIDGE(2,7)|CORRAL(2,5)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,5)|AVERAGE TREE(2,4)|CARGO SHIP(2,4)|ORGANIC MATTER COALIFICATION(2,4)|RESERVOIR(2,4)|BAMBOO(2,3)|CENTURY(2,3)|COAXIAL CONFIGURATION(2,3)|HEAVY LID(2,3)|HURRICANE(2,3)|LOG PROCESSING(2,3)|OIL TANK(2,3)|CHECKERBOARD SQUARE(2,2)|DISPOSABLE CONTAINER(2,2)|DRILLING SHAFT(2,2)|FLOATING DECK(2,2)|HEAVY DOME(2,2)|LOADED HULL(2,2)|MONITORING STATION(2,2)|MOORING CABLE(2,2)|NATURAL VENT(2,2)|OVEN SHELL(2,2)|POROUS SOLID PENETRATION(2,2)|SCREEN PERFORATION(2,2)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER ELECTROLYSIS(2,2)|ACCIDENTAL GROUNDING(2,1)|ANNUAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FLUX(2,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 8M TON(2,1)|AVERAGE DYING TREE(2,1)|BIG ISLAND(2,1)|BOREHOLE LINER(2,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS MANAGEMENT(2,1)|CONCENTRIC MAST(2,1)|CONTAINER CARBONIZATION(2,1)|CONTAINER WEIGHTED LID(2,1)|DECK SUBMERSION(2,1)|DECONSTRUCTION SITE(2,1)|DEPLOYED WIND(2,1)|DRILL SHIP DEPICTION(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS EQUIPMENT DEPICTION(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSOR(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS TANK(2,1)|ELIMINATED PROPELLER INTERFERENCE(2,1)|FAST SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|FAST SPREADING OCEANIC RIDGE(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES EMISSION(2,1)|HATCH COVER GRATE(2,1)|HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC(2,1)|HULL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(2,1)|HYDROCHAR EXIT(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLATFORM(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT REFLECTOR(2,1)|ILLEGAL DRUG SEIZURE(2,1)|INLAND HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|INLAND LAKE DEPTH(2,1)|INSOLATION CAPABILITY(2,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT CONSTRUCTION(2,1)|MARKER BUOY(2,1)|MASSIVE SPINNAKER(2,1)|MID ALTITUDE CLOUD(2,1)|MULTISTAGE COALIFICATION OVEN CONFIGURATION(2,1)|MUNICIPAL DUMP(2,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|MUNICIPAL SEWAGE(2,1)|NATION MAJOR CONCERN(2,1)|OCEAN STORM(2,1)|ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SECTION(2,1)|OUTDATED DRUG(2,1)|PASSIVE CAUSATION(2,1)|PASSIVE RETRIEVAL(2,1)|PIPE DEPICTION(2,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(2,1)|PROTECT WIND TUNNEL EGRESS(2,1)|PROTECTING BLIMP(2,1)|RETRIEVABLE CONTAINER(2,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN PLATE(2,1)|SEAWORTHY LOG RAFT(2,1)|SEWER SLUDGE(2,1)|SHIP ENTRANCE(2,1)|SILO PLUNGER(2,1)|SIZING STANDPOINT(2,1)|SLOW SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|STABLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE(2,1)|STARBOARD MAST(2,1)|THROUGHPUT HIGHS(2,1)|TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP(2,1)|UNUSED EXPLOSIVE(2,1)|VEGETABLE DECAY(2,1)|VESSEL FINAL VOYAGE(2,1)|WATERLOGGED LOG RAFT(2,1)|WEST COAST(2,1)|WIND TUNNEL ERECTION(2,1)|WIND TURBINE POWER(2,1)|WORLD FOREST(2,1)|YARD TRIMMING(2,1)|BOTTOM END(1,5)|FOOT(1,5)|FURLING LINE(1,5)|LIFTING EYE(1,5)|BOW SECTION(1,4)|FASTENER(1,4)|RIVER(1,4)|STRUCTURAL SUPPORT(1,4)|ANODE(1,3)|CATHODE(1,3)|COAL SEAM(1,3)|DIRECTIONAL ARROW(1,3)|FOSSIL FUEL(1,3)|GUY(1,3)|MAGMA CHAMBER(1,3)|MOORING LINE(1,3)|PUSHER(1,3)|STEAM TURBINE(1,3)|WIND TURBINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR(1,3)|AIRPORT(1,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,2)|BREAKDOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND(1,2)|CORNER SUPPORT(1,2)|CRACK(1,2)|DEPLOYMENT(1,2)|FORESTAY(1,2)|LOOPSIG(1,2)|MILE(1,2)|RAINCLOUD(1,2)|SEALANT(1,2)|SEAWATER(1,2)|SHORE(1,2)|SHROUD(1,2)|TEMPERATURE OVEN(1,2)|VEGETATION(1,2)|WATERLINE(1,2)|ABUNDANCE(1,1)|ACTIVE THERMAL VENT(1,1)|ADDED STABILITY(1,1)|ADJUSTABLE FLOAT(1,1)|AFT FRAME(1,1)|AILERON(1,1)|AMENITY(1,1)|ANIMAL DIE(1,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,1)|APPROVED SOURCE(1,1)|ASIAN CONTINENT(1,1)|ATTRACTIVE LOCATION(1,1)|BACKSTAY(1,1)|BALLAST REQUIREMENT(1,1)|BALLOON(1,1)|BARGE HOLD(1,1)|BARRIO LOGAN SECTION(1,1)|BASIC PREMISE(1,1)|BAY(1,1)|BEACH(1,1)|BLACK SMOKER(1,1)|BLIMP SIZE(1,1)|BOILING EMISSION(1,1)|BOILING START(1,1)|BOREHOLE HEATING(1,1)|BOREHOLE INPUT(1,1)|BUILDUP(1,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CO2(1,1)|CARBON RESIDUE(1,1)|CARBON RESULT(1,1)|CLUSTER(1,1)|CO2 FORMATION(1,1)|COAL RECOVERY(1,1)|COALIFICATION CENTER(1,1)|COALIFICATION LEVEL(1,1)|COALIFICATION RUN(1,1)|COAXIAL BOREHOLE RISER TUBE(1,1)|COAXIAL PLUMBING CONFIGURATION(1,1)|COAXIAL RISER TUBE(1,1)|COMPRESSED CARBON(1,1)|CONCENTRIC ROTOR(1,1)|CONIFER(1,1)|CONTINENT LOCATION(1,1)|CONTRACTION CAPABILITY(1,1)|CONVECTION(1,1)|CORROSION FAILURE(1,1)|CROSS SECTIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTION(1,1)|CYCLONE(1,1)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(1,1)|DECADE(1,1)|DECK EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DEEP DEPTH(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|DEEP SEA PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE(1,1)|DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CONTAINER(1,1)|DENSITY PALM TREE(1,1)|DENSITY TEAK(1,1)|DEPLOYED VERSION(1,1)|DERIVATION(1,1)|DESIGNED EXPANSION(1,1)|DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT(1,1)|DISPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINER(1,1)|DOWNLOAD(1,1)|DRILLING EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DRILLING TOWER(1,1)|DRILLSHIP(1,1)|DRY CORRIDOR(1,1)|EARTH GROUND(1,1)|EGRESS RISER TUBE(1,1)|EGRESSION(1,1)|ELECTRICAL OPENED BARGE(1,1)|ELECTRICITY(1,1)|ENOUGH HYDROGEN(1,1)|ENTRANCE PIPE(1,1)|EQUATOR(1,1)|EVAPORATION TANK(1,1)|EXPENSIVE GROUNDING(1,1)|FALLEN LEAVE(1,1)|FAST OXIDATION(1,1)|FERTILIZER(1,1)|FLOATER(1,1)|FLOTATION SUPPORT(1,1)|FLUID CAPABILITY(1,1)|FORWARD COMPARTMENT(1,1)|FORWARD FRAME(1,1)|FOUR WIND TURBINE ROW(1,1)|FUNNEL SHAPED COLLECTOR(1,1)|GENERATOR ROW(1,1)|GIGA TON(1,1)|GLOBE(1,1)|GONDOLA(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES RELEASE(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES SOURCE(1,1)|GROMMET(1,1)|GULF(1,1)|HALYARD(1,1)|HANGAR(1,1)|HARDWOOD(1,1)|HARNESSING WINDPOWER(1,1)|HARVESTER(1,1)|HEATED VENT WATER(1,1)|HEAVY CONTAINER(1,1)|HEAVY LIFT BLIMP CONFIGURATION(1,1)|HEAVYWEIGHT(1,1)|HILL(1,1)|HOLD LIP(1,1)|HOT RISING WATER(1,1)|HULL HOLD(1,1)|HUNDRED THOUSAND YEAR(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL ENERGY(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN PROCESSING CENTER(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN TOP(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION OPERATION(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT ENERGY(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OUTPUT TUBE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PIPE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PROCESSING OVEN(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT SITE(1,1)|IMPEDANCE(1,1)|INCINERATION(1,1)|INCOMING COOLER(1,1)|INCOMING MATERIAL COALIFICATION(1,1)|INCOMING REQUEST ANALYSIS(1,1)|INCOMING STEAM(1,1)|INITIATION SITE(1,1)|INSIDE COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERMEDIARY COMPONENT(1,1)|INTERNAL BULKHEAD(1,1)|INTERNAL COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERNAL TANK BULKHEAD(1,1)|JACKET INSULATION(1,1)|KEEL(1,1)|LAND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|LARGE REUSABLE VENT(1,1)|LARGE SEA SILO(1,1)|LATE PROCESSING(1,1)|LOG MOVING RAFT(1,1)|MAGMA FILL(1,1)|MANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|MAST EXTENSION(1,1)|MAST SUPPORT(1,1)|MODIFIED HULL(1,1)|MODIFIED TANKER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|MODIFYING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|MOVEABLE DOME(1,1)|MOVING INLAND(1,1)|NAID FAULT ZONE(1,1)|NATURE CO2 EMISSION FLUX(1,1)|NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT(1,1)|OLD FAITHFUL(1,1)|OPENED CLOUD(1,1)|OVEN HOUSING(1,1)|OXYGEN AFFINITY(1,1)|PIPE INTERCONNECTION(1,1)|PLANT DIE(1,1)|PLANT RELEASE(1,1)|POLARITY LOSS(1,1)|POROUS GRATED BOTTOM(1,1)|POROUS HATCH COVER(1,1)|POTTERY PROCESSING(1,1)|PREVALENT GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|RAIN CLOUD GENERATION(1,1)|RAPID DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|ROCK CORE(1,1)|SEA FLOOR VENT(1,1)|SEA SILO LARGE VERSION(1,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH(1,1)|SOLID HYDROCHAR(1,1)|SPINNAKER EDGE(1,1)|STEAM PRESSURIZATION(1,1)|STRESS RELIEVING FLOAT(1,1)|SWEET CRUDE PETROLEUM(1,1)|TANKER NORMAL LIFE(1,1)|TECTONIC PLATE COLLISION(1,1)|TEMPERATURE COALIFICATION(1,1)|TREE CARBON DENSITY(1,1)|UNDERWATER UNMANNED VEHICLE(1,1)|UNPILOTED CONTROL BLIMP(1,1)|VOLUME COALIFICATION(1,1)|WARMER INCOMING WATER(1,1)|WHITE DOT(1,1)|WIND DRIVEN ELECTRICAL TURBINE(1,1)|WOOD FIBER(1,1)|WORLD DEAD TREE(1,1)|WORLD GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|YEAR ROUND(1,1)||(AU2021341795)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT(100,39)|COALIFICATION(100,32)|HYDRO PYROLYSIS(100,27)|COALIFY ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,15)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,11)|DEEP OCEAN(100,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(54,33)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT COALIFY(52,3)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM(39,19)|INTENSELY POPULATED CITY(24,1)|DOWNPIPE(16,5)|TRANSFER SUBSYSTEM(15,17)|STEAM(14,21)|BOTTOM GRATE(13,5)|HOT WATER(12,32)|FUNNEL(12,6)|SEA SILO(11,42)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT(10,119)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER(10,25)|DRILL SHAFT(10,10)|BAMBOO RAFT(10,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(9,1)|DRILL(8,14)|OUTSIDE HULL(8,1)|PROCESSING STANDPOINT(8,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(8,1)|STAGNANT LAYER(8,1)|DRILL SHIP(7,13)|LANDFILL(7,1)|SEA(6,32)|REUSABLE CONTAINER(6,6)|FOCUS(6,1)|BULKHEAD(5,3)|COALIFIED ORGANIC MATERIAL(5,2)|DOUBLE HULLED SHIP(5,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE(5,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS(4,10)|BUOYANCY(4,8)|CROSSOVER CONNECTOR(4,5)|BENSON SAWMILL(4,3)|CRANE(4,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASE(4,1)|LOCATING MAGMA DIKE PROBABILITY(4,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(4,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE OIL TANK(4,1)|SPINNAKER CLEW POSSESSION(4,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(3,63)|ORGANIC MATERIAL(3,49)|DRILL BIT(3,13)|CO2(3,12)|BALLAST TANK(3,5)|ELECTROLYSIS CHAMBER(3,4)|BOREHOLE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(3,3)|DOUBLED HULLED OIL TANKER(3,3)|FLOAT TANK(3,3)|COASTAL MOUNTAIN(3,2)|HYDRO THERMAL VENT OVEN(3,2)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OVEN PLATFORM(3,2)|SPINNAKER FABRIC(3,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|FORESTRY YALE SCHOOL(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT OVEN(3,1)|MAGMA DIKE LOCATION(3,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE BARGE(3,1)|PREVAILING WESTERLY WIND(3,1)|REUSABLE HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(3,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL THERMAL VENT(3,1)|WORLD ANTHROPOGENIC GARBAGE(3,1)|WORLD MUNICIPAL GARBAGE(3,1)|SPINNAKER POLE(2,9)|COAXIAL PIPE(2,5)|CORRAL(2,5)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,5)|PRESSURE GENERATOR(2,5)|AVERAGE TREE(2,4)|ORGANIC MATERIAL COALIFY(2,4)|ORGANIC MATTER COALIFICATION(2,4)|FLOATING LOG(2,3)|HEAVY LID(2,3)|OIL TANK(2,3)|VOLCANIC ENERGY(2,3)|CHECKERBOARD SQUARE(2,2)|COALIFICATION SITE(2,2)|DISPOSABLE CONTAINER(2,2)|FLOATING DECK(2,2)|FURLING CORD(2,2)|HEAVY DOME(2,2)|MOORING CABLE(2,2)|OVEN SHELL(2,2)|VIOLENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(2,2)|AGGRESSIVE OXIDANT(2,1)|BARGE TRANSPORTATION(2,1)|CONTAINER WEIGHTED LID(2,1)|EARLY POTTERY KILN(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS EQUIPMENT DEPICTION(2,1)|ELEVATED COALIFICATION PLATFORM(2,1)|EXTENDIBLE MAST(2,1)|FAST SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|FAST SPREADING OCEANIC RIDGE(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES EMISSION(2,1)|HULL CONTENT COALIFICATION(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT IRRUPTION(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT REFLECTOR(2,1)|INLAND HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|INSULATED COAXIAL RISER PIPE(2,1)|MASSIVE SPINNAKER(2,1)|MICROBE RELEASING CO2(2,1)|MULTISTAGE COALIFICATION OVEN CONFIGURATION(2,1)|MUNICIPAL DUMP(2,1)|MUNICIPAL SEWAGE(2,1)|NATION MAJOR CONCERN(2,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC RIDGE(2,1)|PASSIVE CAUSATION(2,1)|PROTECT WIND TUNNEL EGRESS(2,1)|REEFING SPINNAKER(2,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN LAND ELEVATION(2,1)|SEAWORTHY LOG RAFT(2,1)|SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE(2,1)|SLOW SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|STARBOARD MAST(2,1)|STEEP CLIFF(2,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|TRILLION TREE PLANTING EFFORT(2,1)|UNUSED DRUG DESTRUCTION(2,1)|WATERLOGGED LOG RAFT(2,1)|WIND TURBINE POWER(2,1)|WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSION(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD(1,32)|MID OCEAN RIDGE(1,7)|FURLING LINE(1,5)|LIFTING EYE(1,5)|BOW SECTION(1,4)|FASTENER(1,4)|RESERVOIR(1,4)|RIVER(1,4)|STRUCTURAL SUPPORT(1,4)|ANODE(1,3)|BAMBOO(1,3)|CATHODE(1,3)|CENTURY(1,3)|COAL SEAM(1,3)|COAXIAL CONFIGURATION(1,3)|DIRECTIONAL ARROW(1,3)|GUY(1,3)|HURRICANE(1,3)|LOG PROCESSING(1,3)|MAGMA CHAMBER(1,3)|METHANE(1,3)|MOORING LINE(1,3)|PUSHER(1,3)|SOIL CORE(1,3)|STEAM TURBINE(1,3)|WIND TURBINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR(1,3)|AIRPORT(1,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,2)|BREAKDOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND(1,2)|CARGO SHIP(1,2)|CORNER SUPPORT(1,2)|CRACK(1,2)|DEPLOYMENT(1,2)|DRILLING SHAFT(1,2)|FORESTAY(1,2)|LOADED HULL(1,2)|MILE(1,2)|MONITORING STATION(1,2)|NATURAL VENT(1,2)|POROUS SOLID PENETRATION(1,2)|RAINCLOUD(1,2)|SCREEN PERFORATION(1,2)|SEALANT(1,2)|SEAWATER(1,2)|SHORE(1,2)|SHROUD(1,2)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER ELECTROLYSIS(1,2)|VEGETATION(1,2)|WATERLINE(1,2)|ABUNDANCE(1,1)|ACCIDENTAL GROUNDING(1,1)|ACTIVE THERMAL VENT(1,1)|ADDED STABILITY(1,1)|ADJUSTABLE FLOAT(1,1)|AFT FRAME(1,1)|AILERON(1,1)|AMENITY(1,1)|ANIMAL DIE(1,1)|ANNUAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FLUX(1,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERIC CO2(1,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,1)|APPROVED SOURCE(1,1)|ASIAN CONTINENT(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 TON(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASSES(1,1)|ATTRACTIVE LOCATION(1,1)|AVERAGE DYING TREE(1,1)|BACKSTAY(1,1)|BALLAST REQUIREMENT(1,1)|BALLOON(1,1)|BARGE HOLD(1,1)|BARRIO LOGAN SECTION(1,1)|BASIC PREMISE(1,1)|BAY(1,1)|BEACH(1,1)|BIG ISLAND(1,1)|BLACK SMOKER(1,1)|BLIMP SIZE(1,1)|BOILING EMISSION(1,1)|BOILING START(1,1)|BOREHOLE HEATING(1,1)|BOREHOLE INPUT(1,1)|BOREHOLE LINER(1,1)|BUILDUP(1,1)|BYPRODUCT(1,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CO2(1,1)|CARBON RESIDUE(1,1)|CARBON RESULT(1,1)|CLUSTER(1,1)|CO2 FORMATION(1,1)|COAL RECOVERY(1,1)|COALIFICATION CENTER(1,1)|COALIFICATION LEVEL(1,1)|COALIFICATION RUN(1,1)|COAXIAL BOREHOLE RISER TUBE(1,1)|COAXIAL PLUMBING CONFIGURATION(1,1)|COAXIAL RISER TUBE(1,1)|COMPRESSED CARBON(1,1)|CONCENTRIC MAST(1,1)|CONCENTRIC ROTOR(1,1)|CONIFER(1,1)|CONTAINER CARBONIZATION(1,1)|CONTENT DISCHARGE(1,1)|CONTINENT LOCATION(1,1)|CONTRACTION CAPABILITY(1,1)|CONVECTION(1,1)|CORROSION FAILURE(1,1)|CROSS SECTIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTION(1,1)|CYCLONE(1,1)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(1,1)|DECADE(1,1)|DECK EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DECK SUBMERSION(1,1)|DECONSTRUCTION SITE(1,1)|DEEP DEPTH(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|DEEP SEA PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE(1,1)|DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CONTAINER(1,1)|DENSITY PALM TREE(1,1)|DENSITY TEAK(1,1)|DEPLOYED VERSION(1,1)|DEPLOYED WIND(1,1)|DERIVATION(1,1)|DESIGNED EXPANSION(1,1)|DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT(1,1)|DISPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINER(1,1)|DOWNLOAD(1,1)|DRILL SHIP DEPICTION(1,1)|DRILLING EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DRILLING TOWER(1,1)|DRILLSHIP(1,1)|DRY CORRIDOR(1,1)|EARTH GROUND(1,1)|EGRESS RISER TUBE(1,1)|EGRESSION(1,1)|EIGHT WAVELENGTH(1,1)|ELECTRICAL GENERATING BARGE(1,1)|ELECTRICITY(1,1)|ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSOR(1,1)|ELECTROLYSIS TANK(1,1)|ELIMINATED PROPELLER INTERFERENCE(1,1)|ENOUGH HYDROGEN(1,1)|ENTRANCE PIPE(1,1)|EQUATOR(1,1)|EVAPORATION TANK(1,1)|EXCLUSION(1,1)|EXPENSIVE GROUNDING(1,1)|FALLEN LEAVE(1,1)|FAST OXIDATION(1,1)|FERTILIZER(1,1)|FILLING BARGE(1,1)|FLOATER(1,1)|FLOTATION SUPPORT(1,1)|FLUID CAPABILITY(1,1)|FORWARD COMPARTMENT(1,1)|FORWARD FRAME(1,1)|FOUR WIND TURBINE ROW(1,1)|FUNNEL SHAPED COLLECTOR(1,1)|GENERATOR ROW(1,1)|GIGA TON(1,1)|GLOBE(1,1)|GONDOLA(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES RELEASE(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES SOURCE(1,1)|GROMMET(1,1)|GULF(1,1)|HALYARD(1,1)|HANGAR(1,1)|HARDWOOD(1,1)|HARNESSING WINDPOWER(1,1)|HARVESTER(1,1)|HATCH COVER GRATE(1,1)|HEATED VENT WATER(1,1)|HEAVY CONTAINER(1,1)|HEAVY LIFT BLIMP CONFIGURATION(1,1)|HEAVYWEIGHT(1,1)|HILL(1,1)|HOLD LIP(1,1)|HOT RISING WATER(1,1)|HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC(1,1)|HULL HOLD(1,1)|HULL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|HUNDRED THOUSAND YEAR(1,1)|HYDROCHAR EXIT(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN PROCESSING CENTER(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN TOP(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION OPERATION(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT ENERGY(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OUTPUT TUBE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PIPE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLATFORM(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PROCESSING OVEN(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT SITE(1,1)|ILLEGAL DRUG SEIZURE(1,1)|IMPEDANCE(1,1)|INCINERATION(1,1)|INCLUSION(1,1)|INCOMING COOLER(1,1)|INCOMING MATERIAL COALIFICATION(1,1)|INCOMING REQUEST ANALYSIS(1,1)|INCOMING STEAM(1,1)|INITIATION SITE(1,1)|INLAND LAKE DEPTH(1,1)|INSIDE COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INSOLATION CAPABILITY(1,1)|INTERMEDIARY COMPONENT(1,1)|INTERNAL BULKHEAD(1,1)|INTERNAL COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERNAL TANK BULKHEAD(1,1)|JACKET INSULATION(1,1)|KEEL(1,1)|LAND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|LARGE REUSABLE VENT(1,1)|LARGE SEA SILO(1,1)|LATE PROCESSING(1,1)|LOADED CONTAINER(1,1)|LOG MOVING RAFT(1,1)|MAGMA FILL(1,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT CONSTRUCTION(1,1)|MANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|MARKER BUOY(1,1)|MAST EXTENSION(1,1)|MAST SUPPORT(1,1)|MID ALTITUDE CLOUD(1,1)|MODIFIED HULL(1,1)|MODIFIED TANKER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|MODIFYING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|MOVEABLE DOME(1,1)|MOVING INLAND(1,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE CARBON CONTENT(1,1)|NAID FAULT ZONE(1,1)|NATURE CO2 EMISSION FLUX(1,1)|NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT(1,1)|OCEAN STORM(1,1)|OLD FAITHFUL(1,1)|ONETOMANY ASSOCIATION(1,1)|ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SECTION(1,1)|OUTDATED DRUG(1,1)|OVEN HOUSING(1,1)|OXYGEN AFFINITY(1,1)|PASSIVE RETRIEVAL(1,1)|PIPE DEPICTION(1,1)|PIPE INTERCONNECTION(1,1)|PLANT DIE(1,1)|PLANT RELEASE(1,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(1,1)|POLARITY LOSS(1,1)|POROUS GRATED BOTTOM(1,1)|POROUS HATCH COVER(1,1)|POTTERY PROCESSING(1,1)|PREVALENT GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|PROTECTING BLIMP(1,1)|RAIN CLOUD GENERATION(1,1)|RAPID DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|RETRIEVABLE CONTAINER(1,1)|ROCK CORE(1,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN PLATE(1,1)|SEA FLOOR VENT(1,1)|SEA SILO LARGE VERSION(1,1)|SEWER SLUDGE(1,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH(1,1)|SHIP ENTRANCE(1,1)|SILO PLUNGER(1,1)|SIZING STANDPOINT(1,1)|SOLID HYDROCHAR(1,1)|SPINNAKER EDGE(1,1)|STABLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE(1,1)|STEAM PRESSURIZATION(1,1)|STRESS RELIEVING FLOAT(1,1)|SWEET CRUDE PETROLEUM(1,1)|TANKER NORMAL LIFE(1,1)|TECTONIC PLATE COLLISION(1,1)|TEMPERATURE COALIFICATION(1,1)|THROUGHPUT HIGHS(1,1)|TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP(1,1)|TREE CARBON DENSITY(1,1)|UNDERWATER UNMANNED VEHICLE(1,1)|UNPILOTED CONTROL BLIMP(1,1)|UNUSED EXPLOSIVE(1,1)|VEGETABLE DECAY(1,1)|VESSEL FINAL VOYAGE(1,1)|VOLUME COALIFICATION(1,1)|WARMER INCOMING WATER(1,1)|WEST COAST(1,1)|WHITE DOT(1,1)|WIND DRIVEN ELECTRICAL TURBINE(1,1)|WIND TUNNEL ERECTION(1,1)|WOOD FIBER(1,1)|WORLD DEAD TREE(1,1)|WORLD FOREST(1,1)|WORLD GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|YARD TRIMMING(1,1)|YEAR ROUND(1,1)||(AU2021341795)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT(100,39)|COALIFICATION(100,32)|HYDRO PYROLYSIS(100,27)|COALIFY ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,15)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,11)|DEEP OCEAN(100,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(100,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(54,33)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT COALIFY(52,3)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM(39,19)|INTENSELY POPULATED CITY(24,1)|DOWNPIPE(16,5)|TRANSFER SUBSYSTEM(15,17)|STEAM(14,21)|BOTTOM GRATE(13,5)|HOT WATER(12,32)|FUNNEL(12,6)|SEA SILO(11,42)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT(10,119)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER(10,25)|DRILL SHAFT(10,10)|BAMBOO RAFT(10,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(9,1)|DRILL(8,14)|OUTSIDE HULL(8,1)|PROCESSING STANDPOINT(8,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(8,1)|STAGNANT LAYER(8,1)|DRILL SHIP(7,13)|LANDFILL(7,1)|SEA(6,32)|REUSABLE CONTAINER(6,6)|FOCUS(6,1)|BULKHEAD(5,3)|COALIFIED ORGANIC MATERIAL(5,2)|DOUBLE HULLED SHIP(5,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE(5,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS(4,10)|BUOYANCY(4,8)|CROSSOVER CONNECTOR(4,5)|BENSON SAWMILL(4,3)|CRANE(4,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASE(4,1)|LOCATING MAGMA DIKE PROBABILITY(4,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(4,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE OIL TANK(4,1)|SPINNAKER CLEW POSSESSION(4,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(3,63)|ORGANIC MATERIAL(3,49)|DRILL BIT(3,13)|CO2(3,12)|BALLAST TANK(3,5)|ELECTROLYSIS CHAMBER(3,4)|BOREHOLE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(3,3)|DOUBLED HULLED OIL TANKER(3,3)|FLOAT TANK(3,3)|COASTAL MOUNTAIN(3,2)|HYDRO THERMAL VENT OVEN(3,2)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OVEN PLATFORM(3,2)|SPINNAKER FABRIC(3,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|FORESTRY YALE SCHOOL(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT OVEN(3,1)|MAGMA DIKE LOCATION(3,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE BARGE(3,1)|PREVAILING WESTERLY WIND(3,1)|REUSABLE HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(3,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL THERMAL VENT(3,1)|WORLD ANTHROPOGENIC GARBAGE(3,1)|WORLD MUNICIPAL GARBAGE(3,1)|SPINNAKER POLE(2,9)|COAXIAL PIPE(2,5)|CORRAL(2,5)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,5)|PRESSURE GENERATOR(2,5)|AVERAGE TREE(2,4)|ORGANIC MATERIAL COALIFY(2,4)|ORGANIC MATTER COALIFICATION(2,4)|FLOATING LOG(2,3)|HEAVY LID(2,3)|OIL TANK(2,3)|VOLCANIC ENERGY(2,3)|CHECKERBOARD SQUARE(2,2)|COALIFICATION SITE(2,2)|DISPOSABLE CONTAINER(2,2)|FLOATING DECK(2,2)|FURLING CORD(2,2)|HEAVY DOME(2,2)|MOORING CABLE(2,2)|OVEN SHELL(2,2)|VIOLENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(2,2)|AGGRESSIVE OXIDANT(2,1)|BARGE TRANSPORTATION(2,1)|CONTAINER WEIGHTED LID(2,1)|EARLY POTTERY KILN(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS EQUIPMENT DEPICTION(2,1)|ELEVATED COALIFICATION PLATFORM(2,1)|EXTENDIBLE MAST(2,1)|FAST SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|FAST SPREADING OCEANIC RIDGE(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES EMISSION(2,1)|HULL CONTENT COALIFICATION(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT IRRUPTION(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT REFLECTOR(2,1)|INLAND HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|INSULATED COAXIAL RISER PIPE(2,1)|MASSIVE SPINNAKER(2,1)|MICROBE RELEASING CO2(2,1)|MULTISTAGE COALIFICATION OVEN CONFIGURATION(2,1)|MUNICIPAL DUMP(2,1)|MUNICIPAL SEWAGE(2,1)|NATION MAJOR CONCERN(2,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC RIDGE(2,1)|PASSIVE CAUSATION(2,1)|PROTECT WIND TUNNEL EGRESS(2,1)|REEFING SPINNAKER(2,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN LAND ELEVATION(2,1)|SEAWORTHY LOG RAFT(2,1)|SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE(2,1)|SLOW SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|STARBOARD MAST(2,1)|STEEP CLIFF(2,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|TRILLION TREE PLANTING EFFORT(2,1)|UNUSED DRUG DESTRUCTION(2,1)|WATERLOGGED LOG RAFT(2,1)|WIND TURBINE POWER(2,1)|WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSION(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD(1,32)|MID OCEAN RIDGE(1,7)|FURLING LINE(1,5)|LIFTING EYE(1,5)|BOW SECTION(1,4)|FASTENER(1,4)|RESERVOIR(1,4)|RIVER(1,4)|STRUCTURAL SUPPORT(1,4)|ANODE(1,3)|BAMBOO(1,3)|CATHODE(1,3)|CENTURY(1,3)|COAL SEAM(1,3)|COAXIAL CONFIGURATION(1,3)|DIRECTIONAL ARROW(1,3)|GUY(1,3)|HURRICANE(1,3)|LOG PROCESSING(1,3)|MAGMA CHAMBER(1,3)|METHANE(1,3)|MOORING LINE(1,3)|PUSHER(1,3)|SOIL CORE(1,3)|STEAM TURBINE(1,3)|WIND TURBINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR(1,3)|AIRPORT(1,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,2)|BREAKDOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND(1,2)|CARGO SHIP(1,2)|CORNER SUPPORT(1,2)|CRACK(1,2)|DEPLOYMENT(1,2)|DRILLING SHAFT(1,2)|FORESTAY(1,2)|LOADED HULL(1,2)|MILE(1,2)|MONITORING STATION(1,2)|NATURAL VENT(1,2)|POROUS SOLID PENETRATION(1,2)|RAINCLOUD(1,2)|SCREEN PERFORATION(1,2)|SEALANT(1,2)|SEAWATER(1,2)|SHORE(1,2)|SHROUD(1,2)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER ELECTROLYSIS(1,2)|VEGETATION(1,2)|WATERLINE(1,2)|ABUNDANCE(1,1)|ACCIDENTAL GROUNDING(1,1)|ACTIVE THERMAL VENT(1,1)|ADDED STABILITY(1,1)|ADJUSTABLE FLOAT(1,1)|AFT FRAME(1,1)|AILERON(1,1)|AMENITY(1,1)|ANIMAL DIE(1,1)|ANNUAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FLUX(1,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERIC CO2(1,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,1)|APPROVED SOURCE(1,1)|ASIAN CONTINENT(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 TON(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASSES(1,1)|ATTRACTIVE LOCATION(1,1)|AVERAGE DYING TREE(1,1)|BACKSTAY(1,1)|BALLAST REQUIREMENT(1,1)|BALLOON(1,1)|BARGE HOLD(1,1)|BARRIO LOGAN SECTION(1,1)|BASIC PREMISE(1,1)|BAY(1,1)|BEACH(1,1)|BIG ISLAND(1,1)|BLACK SMOKER(1,1)|BLIMP SIZE(1,1)|BOILING EMISSION(1,1)|BOILING START(1,1)|BOREHOLE HEATING(1,1)|BOREHOLE INPUT(1,1)|BOREHOLE LINER(1,1)|BUILDUP(1,1)|BYPRODUCT(1,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CO2(1,1)|CARBON RESIDUE(1,1)|CARBON RESULT(1,1)|CLUSTER(1,1)|CO2 FORMATION(1,1)|COAL RECOVERY(1,1)|COALIFICATION CENTER(1,1)|COALIFICATION LEVEL(1,1)|COALIFICATION RUN(1,1)|COAXIAL BOREHOLE RISER TUBE(1,1)|COAXIAL PLUMBING CONFIGURATION(1,1)|COAXIAL RISER TUBE(1,1)|COMPRESSED CARBON(1,1)|CONCENTRIC MAST(1,1)|CONCENTRIC ROTOR(1,1)|CONIFER(1,1)|CONTAINER CARBONIZATION(1,1)|CONTENT DISCHARGE(1,1)|CONTINENT LOCATION(1,1)|CONTRACTION CAPABILITY(1,1)|CONVECTION(1,1)|CORROSION FAILURE(1,1)|CROSS SECTIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTION(1,1)|CYCLONE(1,1)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(1,1)|DECADE(1,1)|DECK EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DECK SUBMERSION(1,1)|DECONSTRUCTION SITE(1,1)|DEEP DEPTH(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|DEEP SEA PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE(1,1)|DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CONTAINER(1,1)|DENSITY PALM TREE(1,1)|DENSITY TEAK(1,1)|DEPLOYED VERSION(1,1)|DEPLOYED WIND(1,1)|DERIVATION(1,1)|DESIGNED EXPANSION(1,1)|DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT(1,1)|DISPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINER(1,1)|DOWNLOAD(1,1)|DRILL SHIP DEPICTION(1,1)|DRILLING EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DRILLING TOWER(1,1)|DRILLSHIP(1,1)|DRY CORRIDOR(1,1)|EARTH GROUND(1,1)|EGRESS RISER TUBE(1,1)|EGRESSION(1,1)|EIGHT WAVELENGTH(1,1)|ELECTRICAL GENERATING BARGE(1,1)|ELECTRICITY(1,1)|ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSOR(1,1)|ELECTROLYSIS TANK(1,1)|ELIMINATED PROPELLER INTERFERENCE(1,1)|ENOUGH HYDROGEN(1,1)|ENTRANCE PIPE(1,1)|EQUATOR(1,1)|EVAPORATION TANK(1,1)|EXCLUSION(1,1)|EXPENSIVE GROUNDING(1,1)|FALLEN LEAVE(1,1)|FAST OXIDATION(1,1)|FERTILIZER(1,1)|FILLING BARGE(1,1)|FLOATER(1,1)|FLOTATION SUPPORT(1,1)|FLUID CAPABILITY(1,1)|FORWARD COMPARTMENT(1,1)|FORWARD FRAME(1,1)|FOUR WIND TURBINE ROW(1,1)|FUNNEL SHAPED COLLECTOR(1,1)|GENERATOR ROW(1,1)|GIGA TON(1,1)|GLOBE(1,1)|GONDOLA(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES RELEASE(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES SOURCE(1,1)|GROMMET(1,1)|GULF(1,1)|HALYARD(1,1)|HANGAR(1,1)|HARDWOOD(1,1)|HARNESSING WINDPOWER(1,1)|HARVESTER(1,1)|HATCH COVER GRATE(1,1)|HEATED VENT WATER(1,1)|HEAVY CONTAINER(1,1)|HEAVY LIFT BLIMP CONFIGURATION(1,1)|HEAVYWEIGHT(1,1)|HILL(1,1)|HOLD LIP(1,1)|HOT RISING WATER(1,1)|HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC(1,1)|HULL HOLD(1,1)|HULL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|HUNDRED THOUSAND YEAR(1,1)|HYDROCHAR EXIT(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN PROCESSING CENTER(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN TOP(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION OPERATION(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT ENERGY(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OUTPUT TUBE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PIPE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLATFORM(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PROCESSING OVEN(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT SITE(1,1)|ILLEGAL DRUG SEIZURE(1,1)|IMPEDANCE(1,1)|INCINERATION(1,1)|INCLUSION(1,1)|INCOMING COOLER(1,1)|INCOMING MATERIAL COALIFICATION(1,1)|INCOMING REQUEST ANALYSIS(1,1)|INCOMING STEAM(1,1)|INITIATION SITE(1,1)|INLAND LAKE DEPTH(1,1)|INSIDE COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INSOLATION CAPABILITY(1,1)|INTERMEDIARY COMPONENT(1,1)|INTERNAL BULKHEAD(1,1)|INTERNAL COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERNAL TANK BULKHEAD(1,1)|JACKET INSULATION(1,1)|KEEL(1,1)|LAND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|LARGE REUSABLE VENT(1,1)|LARGE SEA SILO(1,1)|LATE PROCESSING(1,1)|LOADED CONTAINER(1,1)|LOG MOVING RAFT(1,1)|MAGMA FILL(1,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT CONSTRUCTION(1,1)|MANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|MARKER BUOY(1,1)|MAST EXTENSION(1,1)|MAST SUPPORT(1,1)|MID ALTITUDE CLOUD(1,1)|MODIFIED HULL(1,1)|MODIFIED TANKER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|MODIFYING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|MOVEABLE DOME(1,1)|MOVING INLAND(1,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE CARBON CONTENT(1,1)|NAID FAULT ZONE(1,1)|NATURE CO2 EMISSION FLUX(1,1)|NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT(1,1)|OCEAN STORM(1,1)|OLD FAITHFUL(1,1)|ONETOMANY ASSOCIATION(1,1)|ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SECTION(1,1)|OUTDATED DRUG(1,1)|OVEN HOUSING(1,1)|OXYGEN AFFINITY(1,1)|PASSIVE RETRIEVAL(1,1)|PIPE DEPICTION(1,1)|PIPE INTERCONNECTION(1,1)|PLANT DIE(1,1)|PLANT RELEASE(1,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(1,1)|POLARITY LOSS(1,1)|POROUS GRATED BOTTOM(1,1)|POROUS HATCH COVER(1,1)|POTTERY PROCESSING(1,1)|PREVALENT GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|PROTECTING BLIMP(1,1)|RAIN CLOUD GENERATION(1,1)|RAPID DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|RETRIEVABLE CONTAINER(1,1)|ROCK CORE(1,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN PLATE(1,1)|SEA FLOOR VENT(1,1)|SEA SILO LARGE VERSION(1,1)|SEWER SLUDGE(1,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH(1,1)|SHIP ENTRANCE(1,1)|SILO PLUNGER(1,1)|SIZING STANDPOINT(1,1)|SOLID HYDROCHAR(1,1)|SPINNAKER EDGE(1,1)|STABLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE(1,1)|STEAM PRESSURIZATION(1,1)|STRESS RELIEVING FLOAT(1,1)|SWEET CRUDE PETROLEUM(1,1)|TANKER NORMAL LIFE(1,1)|TECTONIC PLATE COLLISION(1,1)|TEMPERATURE COALIFICATION(1,1)|THROUGHPUT HIGHS(1,1)|TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP(1,1)|TREE CARBON DENSITY(1,1)|UNDERWATER UNMANNED VEHICLE(1,1)|UNPILOTED CONTROL BLIMP(1,1)|UNUSED EXPLOSIVE(1,1)|VEGETABLE DECAY(1,1)|VESSEL FINAL VOYAGE(1,1)|VOLUME COALIFICATION(1,1)|WARMER INCOMING WATER(1,1)|WEST COAST(1,1)|WHITE DOT(1,1)|WIND DRIVEN ELECTRICAL TURBINE(1,1)|WIND TUNNEL ERECTION(1,1)|WOOD FIBER(1,1)|WORLD DEAD TREE(1,1)|WORLD FOREST(1,1)|WORLD GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|YARD TRIMMING(1,1)|YEAR ROUND(1,1)||(CA3191564)|ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,50)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT(100,34)|HYDRO PYROLYSIS(100,22)|COALIFY ORGANIC MATERIAL(100,12)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(45,27)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT COALIFY(40,3)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM(36,16)|INTENSELY POPULATED CITY(30,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE(18,9)|TRANSFER SUBSYSTEM(15,17)|SEA SILO(14,42)|DOWNPIPE(14,3)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT(13,119)|DRILL SHAFT(12,8)|BOTTOM GRATE(12,3)|BAMBOO RAFT(12,2)|NATURALLY OCCURRING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(11,1)|STEAM(10,19)|DRILL(10,11)|FUNNEL(10,4)|OUTSIDE HULL(10,1)|PROCESSING STANDPOINT(10,1)|STAGNANT LAYER(10,1)|HOT WATER(9,30)|COALIFICATION(8,30)|DRILL SHIP(8,11)|LANDFILL(8,1)|SEA(7,32)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER(7,23)|REUSABLE CONTAINER(7,6)|FOCUS(7,1)|BUOYANCY(6,8)|BULKHEAD(6,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|DOUBLE HULLED SHIP(6,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE(6,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTOR(5,5)|BENSON SAWMILL(5,3)|CRANE(5,3)|COALIFIED ORGANIC MATERIAL(5,1)|LOCATING MAGMA DIKE PROBABILITY(5,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(5,1)|PREVENT BYPRODUCT(5,1)|REMAINING OUTSIDE OIL TANK(5,1)|SPINNAKER CLEW POSSESSION(5,1)|CO2(4,12)|DRILL BIT(4,12)|BOREHOLE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(4,3)|DEEP OCEAN(4,3)|DOUBLED HULLED OIL TANKER(4,3)|FLOAT TANK(4,3)|COASTAL MOUNTAIN(4,2)|ANNUAL ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSION(4,1)|FORESTRY YALE SCHOOL(4,1)|HYDROTHERMAL BOREHOLE VENT OVEN(4,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE BARGE(4,1)|WORLD ANTHROPOGENIC GARBAGE(4,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(3,62)|SPINNAKER POLE(3,9)|BALLAST TANK(3,5)|COAXIAL PIPE(3,5)|PRESSURE GENERATOR(3,5)|ELECTROLYSIS CHAMBER(3,4)|FLOATING LOG(3,3)|ORGANIC MATERIAL COALIFY(3,3)|VOLCANIC ENERGY(3,3)|ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASSES(3,2)|COALIFICATION SITE(3,2)|FURLING CORD(3,2)|HYDRO THERMAL VENT OVEN(3,2)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OVEN PLATFORM(3,2)|SPINNAKER FABRIC(3,2)|VIOLENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(3,2)|AGGRESSIVE OXIDANT(3,1)|BARGE TRANSPORTATION(3,1)|EARLY POTTERY KILN(3,1)|ELEVATED COALIFICATION PLATFORM(3,1)|EXTENDIBLE MAST(3,1)|HULL CONTENT COALIFICATION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT IRRUPTION(3,1)|INSULATED COAXIAL RISER PIPE(3,1)|MAGMA DIKE LOCATION(3,1)|MICROBE RELEASING CO2(3,1)|NORTH ATLANTIC RIDGE(3,1)|PREVAILING WESTERLY WIND(3,1)|REEFING SPINNAKER(3,1)|REUSABLE HYDROTHERMAL OVEN(3,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN LAND ELEVATION(3,1)|SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE(3,1)|SPINNAKER REEFING(3,1)|STEEP CLIFF(3,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL THERMAL VENT(3,1)|TRILLION TREE PLANTING EFFORT(3,1)|UNUSED DRUG DESTRUCTION(3,1)|WORLD MUNICIPAL GARBAGE(3,1)|WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD(2,32)|MID OCEAN RIDGE(2,7)|CORRAL(2,5)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,5)|AVERAGE TREE(2,4)|CARGO SHIP(2,4)|ORGANIC MATTER COALIFICATION(2,4)|RESERVOIR(2,4)|BAMBOO(2,3)|CENTURY(2,3)|COAXIAL CONFIGURATION(2,3)|HEAVY LID(2,3)|HURRICANE(2,3)|LOG PROCESSING(2,3)|OIL TANK(2,3)|CHECKERBOARD SQUARE(2,2)|DISPOSABLE CONTAINER(2,2)|DRILLING SHAFT(2,2)|FLOATING DECK(2,2)|HEAVY DOME(2,2)|LOADED HULL(2,2)|MONITORING STATION(2,2)|MOORING CABLE(2,2)|NATURAL VENT(2,2)|OVEN SHELL(2,2)|POROUS SOLID PENETRATION(2,2)|SCREEN PERFORATION(2,2)|SUPERCRITICAL WATER ELECTROLYSIS(2,2)|ACCIDENTAL GROUNDING(2,1)|ANNUAL ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FLUX(2,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|AVERAGE DYING TREE(2,1)|BIG ISLAND(2,1)|BOREHOLE LINER(2,1)|COMBUSTIBLE GAS MANAGEMENT(2,1)|CONCENTRIC MAST(2,1)|CONTAINER CARBONIZATION(2,1)|CONTAINER WEIGHTED LID(2,1)|DECK SUBMERSION(2,1)|DECONSTRUCTION SITE(2,1)|DEPLOYED WIND(2,1)|DRILL SHIP DEPICTION(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS EQUIPMENT DEPICTION(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSOR(2,1)|ELECTROLYSIS TANK(2,1)|ELIMINATED PROPELLER INTERFERENCE(2,1)|FAST SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|FAST SPREADING OCEANIC RIDGE(2,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES EMISSION(2,1)|HATCH COVER GRATE(2,1)|HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC(2,1)|HULL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(2,1)|HYDROCHAR EXIT(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLATFORM(2,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT REFLECTOR(2,1)|ILLEGAL DRUG SEIZURE(2,1)|INLAND HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|INLAND LAKE DEPTH(2,1)|INSOLATION CAPABILITY(2,1)|MANMADE HYDROTHERMAL VENT CONSTRUCTION(2,1)|MARKER BUOY(2,1)|MASSIVE SPINNAKER(2,1)|MID ALTITUDE CLOUD(2,1)|MULTISTAGE COALIFICATION OVEN CONFIGURATION(2,1)|MUNICIPAL DUMP(2,1)|MUNICIPAL GARBAGE CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|MUNICIPAL SEWAGE(2,1)|NATION MAJOR CONCERN(2,1)|OCEAN STORM(2,1)|ONETOMANY ASSOCIATION(2,1)|ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SECTION(2,1)|OUTDATED DRUG(2,1)|PASSIVE CAUSATION(2,1)|PASSIVE RETRIEVAL(2,1)|PIPE DEPICTION(2,1)|PLURAL REFERENT(2,1)|PROTECT WIND TUNNEL EGRESS(2,1)|PROTECTING BLIMP(2,1)|RETRIEVABLE CONTAINER(2,1)|SAUDI ARABIAN PLATE(2,1)|SEAWORTHY LOG RAFT(2,1)|SEWER SLUDGE(2,1)|SHIP ENTRANCE(2,1)|SILO PLUNGER(2,1)|SIZING STANDPOINT(2,1)|SLOW SPREADING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|STABLE SEMISUBMERSIBLE(2,1)|STARBOARD MAST(2,1)|SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL VENT(2,1)|THROUGHPUT HIGHS(2,1)|TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP(2,1)|UNUSED EXPLOSIVE(2,1)|VEGETABLE DECAY(2,1)|VESSEL FINAL VOYAGE(2,1)|WATERLOGGED LOG RAFT(2,1)|WEST COAST(2,1)|WIND TUNNEL ERECTION(2,1)|WIND TURBINE POWER(2,1)|WORLD FOREST(2,1)|YARD TRIMMING(2,1)|BOTTOM END(1,5)|FURLING LINE(1,5)|LIFTING EYE(1,5)|BOW SECTION(1,4)|FASTENER(1,4)|RIVER(1,4)|STRUCTURAL SUPPORT(1,4)|ANODE(1,3)|CATHODE(1,3)|COAL SEAM(1,3)|DIRECTIONAL ARROW(1,3)|FOSSIL FUEL(1,3)|GUY(1,3)|MAGMA CHAMBER(1,3)|METHANE(1,3)|MOORING LINE(1,3)|PUSHER(1,3)|SOIL CORE(1,3)|STEAM TURBINE(1,3)|WIND TURBINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR(1,3)|AIRPORT(1,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,2)|BREAKDOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND(1,2)|CORNER SUPPORT(1,2)|CRACK(1,2)|DEPLOYMENT(1,2)|FORESTAY(1,2)|MILE(1,2)|RAINCLOUD(1,2)|SEALANT(1,2)|SEAWATER(1,2)|SHORE(1,2)|SHROUD(1,2)|VEGETATION(1,2)|WATERLINE(1,2)|ABUNDANCE(1,1)|ACTIVE THERMAL VENT(1,1)|ADDED STABILITY(1,1)|ADJUSTABLE FLOAT(1,1)|AFT FRAME(1,1)|AILERON(1,1)|AMENITY(1,1)|ANIMAL DIE(1,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE(1,1)|APPROVED SOURCE(1,1)|ASIAN CONTINENT(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2 TON(1,1)|ATTRACTIVE LOCATION(1,1)|BACKSTAY(1,1)|BALLAST REQUIREMENT(1,1)|BALLOON(1,1)|BARGE HOLD(1,1)|BARRIO LOGAN SECTION(1,1)|BASIC PREMISE(1,1)|BAY(1,1)|BEACH(1,1)|BLACK SMOKER(1,1)|BLIMP SIZE(1,1)|BOILING EMISSION(1,1)|BOILING START(1,1)|BOREHOLE HEATING(1,1)|BOREHOLE INPUT(1,1)|BUILDUP(1,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CO2(1,1)|CARBON RESIDUE(1,1)|CARBON RESULT(1,1)|CLUSTER(1,1)|CO2 FORMATION(1,1)|COAL RECOVERY(1,1)|COALIFICATION CENTER(1,1)|COALIFICATION LEVEL(1,1)|COALIFICATION RUN(1,1)|COAXIAL BOREHOLE RISER TUBE(1,1)|COAXIAL PLUMBING CONFIGURATION(1,1)|COAXIAL RISER TUBE(1,1)|COMPRESSED CARBON(1,1)|CONCENTRIC ROTOR(1,1)|CONIFER(1,1)|CONTENT DISCHARGE(1,1)|CONTINENT LOCATION(1,1)|CONTRACTION CAPABILITY(1,1)|CONVECTION(1,1)|CORROSION FAILURE(1,1)|CROSS SECTIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|CROSSOVER CONNECTION(1,1)|CYCLONE(1,1)|DEAD ORGANIC MATTER(1,1)|DECADE(1,1)|DECK EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DEEP DEPTH(1,1)|DEEP OCEAN HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|DEEP SEA PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE(1,1)|DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CONTAINER(1,1)|DENSITY PALM TREE(1,1)|DENSITY TEAK(1,1)|DEPLOYED VERSION(1,1)|DERIVATION(1,1)|DESIGNED EXPANSION(1,1)|DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT(1,1)|DISPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINER(1,1)|DOWNLOAD(1,1)|DRILLING EQUIPMENT(1,1)|DRILLING TOWER(1,1)|DRILLSHIP(1,1)|DRY CORRIDOR(1,1)|EARTH GROUND(1,1)|EGRESS RISER TUBE(1,1)|EGRESSION(1,1)|EIGHT WAVELENGTH(1,1)|ELECTRICAL GENERATING BARGE(1,1)|ELECTRICITY(1,1)|ENOUGH HYDROGEN(1,1)|ENTRANCE PIPE(1,1)|EQUATOR(1,1)|EVAPORATION TANK(1,1)|EXPENSIVE GROUNDING(1,1)|FALLEN LEAVE(1,1)|FAST OXIDATION(1,1)|FERTILIZER(1,1)|FILLING BARGE(1,1)|FLOATER(1,1)|FLOTATION SUPPORT(1,1)|FLUID CAPABILITY(1,1)|FORWARD COMPARTMENT(1,1)|FORWARD FRAME(1,1)|FOUR WIND TURBINE ROW(1,1)|FUNNEL SHAPED COLLECTOR(1,1)|GENERATOR ROW(1,1)|GIGA TON(1,1)|GLOBE(1,1)|GONDOLA(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES RELEASE(1,1)|GREENHOUSE GASSES SOURCE(1,1)|GROMMET(1,1)|GULF(1,1)|HALYARD(1,1)|HANGAR(1,1)|HARDWOOD(1,1)|HARNESSING WINDPOWER(1,1)|HARVESTER(1,1)|HEATED VENT WATER(1,1)|HEAVY CONTAINER(1,1)|HEAVY LIFT BLIMP CONFIGURATION(1,1)|HEAVYWEIGHT(1,1)|HILL(1,1)|HOLD LIP(1,1)|HOT RISING WATER(1,1)|HULL HOLD(1,1)|HUNDRED THOUSAND YEAR(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN PROCESSING CENTER(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL OVEN TOP(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT COALIFICATION OPERATION(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT ENERGY(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT OUTPUT TUBE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PIPE(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT PROCESSING OVEN(1,1)|HYDROTHERMAL VENT SITE(1,1)|IMPEDANCE(1,1)|INCINERATION(1,1)|INCOMING COOLER(1,1)|INCOMING MATERIAL COALIFICATION(1,1)|INCOMING REQUEST ANALYSIS(1,1)|INCOMING STEAM(1,1)|INITIATION SITE(1,1)|INSIDE COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERMEDIARY COMPONENT(1,1)|INTERNAL BULKHEAD(1,1)|INTERNAL COAXIAL TUBE(1,1)|INTERNAL TANK BULKHEAD(1,1)|JACKET INSULATION(1,1)|KEEL(1,1)|LAND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY(1,1)|LARGE REUSABLE VENT(1,1)|LARGE SEA SILO(1,1)|LATE PROCESSING(1,1)|LOADED CONTAINER(1,1)|LOG MOVING RAFT(1,1)|MAGMA FILL(1,1)|MANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE(1,1)|MAST EXTENSION(1,1)|MAST SUPPORT(1,1)|MAXIMIZE VOLUME(1,1)|MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC MATTER(1,1)|MODIFIED HULL(1,1)|MODIFIED TANKER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION(1,1)|MODIFYING HYDROTHERMAL VENT(1,1)|MOVEABLE DOME(1,1)|MOVING INLAND(1,1)|NAID FAULT ZONE(1,1)|NATURE CO2 EMISSION FLUX(1,1)|NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT(1,1)|OLD FAITHFUL(1,1)|OVEN HOUSING(1,1)|OXYGEN AFFINITY(1,1)|PIPE INTERCONNECTION(1,1)|PLANT DIE(1,1)|PLANT RELEASE(1,1)|POLARITY LOSS(1,1)|POROUS GRATED BOTTOM(1,1)|POROUS HATCH COVER(1,1)|POTTERY PROCESSING(1,1)|PREVALENT GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|RAIN CLOUD GENERATION(1,1)|RAPID DECOMPOSITION(1,1)|ROCK CORE(1,1)|SEA FLOOR VENT(1,1)|SEA SILO LARGE VERSION(1,1)|SHALLOW DEPTH(1,1)|SPINNAKER EDGE(1,1)|STEAM PRESSURIZATION(1,1)|STRESS RELIEVING FLOAT(1,1)|SWEET CRUDE PETROLEUM(1,1)|TANKER NORMAL LIFE(1,1)|TECTONIC PLATE COLLISION(1,1)|TEMPERATURE COALIFICATION(1,1)|TREE CARBON DENSITY(1,1)|UNDERWATER UNMANNED VEHICLE(1,1)|UNPILOTED CONTROL BLIMP(1,1)|VOLUME COALIFICATION(1,1)|WARMER INCOMING WATER(1,1)|WHITE DOT(1,1)|WIND DRIVEN ELECTRICAL TURBINE(1,1)|WOOD FIBER(1,1)|WORLD DEAD TREE(1,1)|WORLD GREENHOUSE GAS(1,1)|YEAR ROUND(1,1)| | (US11794893)|What is claimed is:|1. A transportation system configured to transport organic material by flight, the transportation system comprising:| a remotely-piloted air vehicle configured to transport the organic material through the air and to provide lift to the transportation system, wherein the organic material includes logs;| a frame coupled to the remotely-piloted air vehicle, wherein the frame is configured to be coupled to multiple air vehicles, wherein the frame forms one or more rectangles around at least two of the multiple air vehicles;| the multiple air vehicles configured to provide additional lift to the transportation system in addition to the lift provided by the remotely-piloted air vehicle, wherein the multiple air vehicles are coupled to the frame, and wherein the multiple air vehicles include at least five blimps;| one or more propellers configured to provide thrust to the transportation system;| ballast storage configured to store ballast; and| a harness configured to couple the organic material to the transportation system, wherein the harness includes one or more logging straps configured to be tied around the logs.|2. The transportation system of claim 1, wherein the remotely-piloted air vehicle is a blimp.|3. The transportation system of claim 1, wherein the transportation system further includes one or more navigation lights, one or more rudders, one or more ailerons, and one or more motors.|4. The transportation system of claim 1, wherein the lift provided to the transportation system counteracts gravitational pull of the organic matter during the flight.|5. The transportation system of claim 1, wherein the ballast storage includes water ballast storage.|6. The transportation system of claim 1, wherein the ballast storage includes one or more water bags.|7. The transportation system of claim 6, wherein the one or more water bags are refillable, and wherein the ballast storage is configured to empty the one or more water bags prior to the transportation of the organic matter.|8. The transportation system of claim 1, further including a gondola configured to carry crew.|9. The transportation system of claim 1, wherein the multiple air vehicles include blimps. | (US11794893)|FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0001] The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents.|BACKGROUND|[0002] Weather systems are known. Issues related to the effects of atmospheric greenhouse gasses are known, and increasingly alarming. Various processes to produce coal are known.|SUMMARY|[0003] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. The system may include one or more of a semisubmersible platform, a transfer sub-system, a hydrothermal oven, one or more pipes, and/or other components. The semisubmersible platform may be configured to be moored at a body of water, such as an ocean. The transfer sub-system may be configured to transfer the organic material from the semisubmersible platform into the hydrothermal oven. The hydrothermal oven may be configured to coalify the organic material in the hydrothermal oven using at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water.|[0004] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured to transfer organic material from a surface of a body of water to a depth of at least 200 meters below the surface of the body of water, such as an ocean. The system may include one or more of a tube having a length of at least 200 meters between a top end and a bottom end, one or more floating mechanisms configured to provide buoyancy to the tube, and/or other components.|[0005] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. The method may include drilling the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents on a floor of a body of water, such as an ocean. The method may include delivering the organic material to a location on a surface of the body of water, wherein the location is above and/or near the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. The method may include transferring the organic material towards the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents such that at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water provided by the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents coalifies the organic material through using hydro pyrolysis. The at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water may have a temperature of at least 200° C.|[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by hydrothermal borehole vents. The system may include one or more of a drill ship, a drill, a transfer sub-system, and/or other components. The drill ship may be configured to carry the drill. The drill may include a drill shaft and a drill bit. The transfer sub-system may be configured to transfer the organic material from the drill ship, through the drill shaft, into a hydrothermal borehole vent such that the organic material coalifies through hydro pyrolysis powered by the hydrothermal borehole vent.|[0007] As used herein, any association (or relation, or reflection, or indication, or correspondency) involving hydrothermal (borehole) vents, hydrothermal ovens, pipes, tubes, sea-silos, containers, and/or another entity or object that interacts with any part of the system and/or plays a part in the operation of the system, may be a one-to-one association, a one-to-many association, a many-to-one association, and/or a many-to-many association or “N”-to-“M” association (note that “N” and “M” may be different numbers greater than 1).|[0008] As used herein, the term “obtain” (and derivatives thereof) may include active and/or passive retrieval, determination, derivation, transfer, upload, download, submission, and/or exchange of information, and/or any combination thereof. As used herein, the term “effectuate” (and derivatives thereof) may include active and/or passive causation of any effect, both local and remote. As used herein, the term “determine” (and derivatives thereof) may include measure, calculate, compute, estimate, approximate, generate, and/or otherwise derive, and/or any combination thereof.|[0009] As used herein, the term “coupled” does not require direct attachment, but allows for one or more intermediary components between the coupled elements. As used herein, the term “connected” may suggest a direct attachment, but need not require a direct attachment unless specifically stated.|[0010] These and other features, and characteristics of the present technology, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. As used in the specification and in the claims, the singular form of “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.|(US11794893)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0011] FIG. 1—A map of the Earth 100 with the general location of the continents, major fault lines 111, and areas where hydrothermal vents fields 112 have been discovered.|[0012] FIG. 2—A chart 200 showing approximate variations in pressure 201 and water boiling point 203 associated with changes in depth 201. There is a difference between fresh water and salt water pressures and boiling point curves due to the higher density of salt water and compression of water at great depths. Water can achieve the supercritical state 203 at great depths and higher temperatures.|[0013] FIG. 3—Seaworthy log raft 300 similar to the one hundred and twenty log rafts supplied from Oregon's Columbia River to the Benson sawmill in San Diego between years 1906 and 1941. The larger rafts contained the carbon equivalent of 15.8M Ton of atmospheric CO2 that would be released to the atmosphere if the logs were allowed to degrade naturally over time on the Earth's surface rather than go through the coalification process as described herein.|[0014] FIG. 4—A disposable organic matter container 400 made from wood or other organic matter and configured to hold miscellaneous organic matter for the purpose of carbonization of the container and contents.|[0015] FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate a recoverable, reusable organic matter container 500 configured to sit in the area of a hydrothermal vent until the organic matter has been carbonized after which the remains can be retrieved along with the container or left on the bottom of the ocean when the container is retrieved.|[0016] FIG. 6—A mechanism 600 for waterlogging organic matter before being moved to a deep ocean hydrothermal vent field.|[0017] FIG. 7—A cross-section of a slow spreading hydrothermal vent ridge 700 typical of the ridges in the North Atlantic Ocean. A mooring 705 has been inserted into the ocean bottom with a cable 706 running up to a buoy floating above the hydrothermal vent field normally near the surface of the ocean.|[0018] FIG. 8—A high temperature) oven 800 sitting on top of a hydrothermal vent.|[0019] FIG. 9—A thermal reflector 900 over a hydrothermal vent field for increasing the average temperature of the water surrounding the vent and the subsequent rate of coalification of organic matter in the area.|[0020] FIG. 10—The cross-section of a fast spreading hydrothermal vent field with a configuration 1000 that includes stadium walls 1001 (supported by supports 1002) added to minimize the effect of volcanic activity moving organic matter in a vent field outside of the area used for coalification by violent volcanic activity in the vent field.|[0021] FIG. 11—A cross-section of a large oven for organic material coalification set on hydrothermal vents in a vent field on a fast spreading oceanic ridge with pressure relief vents 1103 to lessen the effect of violent volcanic activity on the oven.|[0022] FIG. 12—A small sea silo 1201 being filled by a boat having a conveyer 1206 to move waterlogged organic matter 1205 into the silo with the conveyer having plumbing for water or fluid organic matter to be pumped into the silo or to assist in moving the organic matter 1205 thorough the silo and down to the hydrothermal vent field 1207.|[0023] FIG. 13—Large sea silo with surface level entrance 1302 to accommodate floating organic matter like log rafts or bamboo rafts. The silo is capable of holding a large amount of organic matter while it is becoming waterlogged.|[0024] FIG. 14—A system where the flow of organic matter is directly into a high temperature oven on a fast spreading ocean ridge.|[0025] FIG. 15—A weight for compressing carbon after coalification into more dense forms of coal.|[0026] FIG. 16—A group of five sea silos mounted on the floor of the ocean.|[0027] FIG. 17—Sea silo controls including a shutoff valve 1700a, a flow control float valve 1700b and a flow control pusher 1700c for use when handling materials of concern or that tend to float back up the silos.|[0028] FIG. 18—A series of cross sectioned orthographic projections depicting a double hulled oil tanker being modified for use as a cover for a hydrothermal vent field.|[0029] FIG. 19—A cross section of a modified double hulled oil tanker and associated equipment being used as a cover for a hydrothermal vent field.|[0030] FIG. 20—A large barge configured for use in coalification on a hydrothermal vent site.|[0031] FIG. 21—A barge of FIG. 20 on the hydrothermal vent field.|[0032] FIG. 22—Multiple ovens used in series to process organic material through the coalification process.|[0033] FIG. 23—Block diagram of typical workflow for a hydrothermal vent coalification operation.|[0034] FIG. 24—A blimp configured to transport forest wood and litter from roadless areas to a river or road that can move the organic matter to the ocean and hydrothermal vent fields.|[0035] FIG. 25—A heavy lift blimp configuration with 6 smaller blimps in a frame with a piloted or unpiloted control blimp with an internal water ballast storage capacity.|[0036] FIG. 26 is a depiction of a drill ship commonly used by the petroleum industry for drilling oil wells, with a drill bit of the type commonly used to drill through rock.|[0037] FIGS. 27A-27B-27C illustrate cross-sectional drawings depicting the drilling of a bore hole 2702 (FIG. 27A), the addition of a liner 2703 (FIG. 27B), and the addition of an incoming water pipe 2704 (FIG. 27C).|[0038] FIG. 28 is a depiction of the pipes at the top of a borehole in cross-section where the heated water 2706 from the bore hole is exiting near the bottom of the ocean 2803 for use in that general area.|[0039] FIG. 29 is a crossover connection for a coaxial pipe in cross-section where the incoming water 2705 to the bore hole is on the outside of the coaxial pipe above the crossover connector 2901 with the outgoing heated water 2706 on the inside of the pipe. Below the crossover connector 2901, the water heated from the borehole 2706 is on the outside of the coaxial pipe and the incoming water 2705 is on the inside.|[0040] FIGS. 30A-30B illustrate cross-sections of ways to control the boiling point of water rising in the center of an insulated coaxial riser pipe. FIG. 30A depicts the introduction of colder water to reduce the tendency of the water to boil as the pressure decreases during the waters rise toward the surface of the ocean. FIG. 30B is a cross-section of a reservoir that would be located above FIG. 30A configured to stabilize the steam pressure inside riser pipe 2902 at or near the pressure of the surrounding water at that depth.|[0041] FIG. 31 is a hydrothermal vent oven shown in cross-section configured to operate on the sea floor at depths where the boiling point of water is high enough to produce significant amounts of oil and combustible gas when processing organic matter into hydrochar.|[0042] FIG. 32 is a hydrothermal vent oven in cross-section mounted well above the bottom of the ocean in an effort to decrease to production of oil and combustible gas generated in the hydrochar operation.|[0043] FIG. 33 is a two view orthographic projection of a double hulled oil tanker with View A-A in cross-section.|[0044] FIG. 34 is a three view orthographic projection with two views cross-sectioned of the oil tanker of FIG. 33 modified for use as a hydrothermal vent oven.|[0045] FIG. 35 is a three view orthographic projection of the hull in FIG. 34 loaded with organic matter.|[0046] FIG. 36 is a three view orthographic projection of a set of porous hatch covers for the modified hull of FIG. 35.|[0047] FIG. 37 is a three view orthographic projection of the loaded hull of FIG. 34 with the hatch covers securing the organic matter in the hull's hold.|[0048] FIG. 38a is a two view orthographic projection of the hull of FIG. 37 being rolled 90°, and in FIG. 38b the hull is rolled 180° coming to rest on a raised hydrothermal vent oven platform for processing the organic matter into hydrochar.|[0049] FIGS. 39A-39B-39C show cross-section views of a storage facility for storing hot, superheated, or supercritical water heated by the hydrothermal vents for later use. These facilities can be huge with buoyancy added to the dome to lower the pressure underneath the dome when filled with hot water.|[0050] FIG. 40 is a steam turbine driving a set of electrical generators, a typical application for high pressure steam coming from hydrothermal vents or a hot or supercritical water storage facility.|[0051] FIG. 41 is a semisubmersible that is suspending a top loading hydrothermal oven above the ocean floor for processing organic matter into hydrochar with the energy from hydrothermal vents.|[0052] FIG. 42 is a reusable container and cover for loading organic matter onto a hydro thermal vent oven of FIG. 38 or FIG. 41. The cover is weighted so that buoyant organic material like household plastics or logs that are not waterlogged, can be processed on the deep sea hydrothermal.|[0053] FIG. 43 is an operation at the sea surface supporting the coalification process. There is a ship at the semisubmersible platform of FIG. 43 unloading organic matter and a corral for floating logs or rafts of that are waiting to be processed.|[0054] FIG. 44 is a block diagram of typical operation of the equipment of FIG. 43.|[0055] FIGS. 45A-45B illustrate a semisubmersible set up to initiating rain clouds far above the ocean's surface for the purpose of providing rain to areas down wind of the initiation site.|[0056] FIG. 46 is a topographical map of Saudi Arabia showing major obstacles to the movement of clouds moving east from the Red Sea.|[0057] FIG. 47 is a table of known hydrothermal fields in the Red Sea.|[0058] FIG. 48 is a table of the prevailing winds across Saudi Arabia in the year 2016.|[0059] FIG. 49 is an electrolysis unit configured to operate on the seafloor. It has a high pressure storage unit for both hydrogen and oxygen operating at the pressure of the water surrounding the storage unit.|[0060] FIG. 50 is a wind powered electrical generating barge of the type needed to drive the electrolysis system of FIG. 49. A massive spinnaker is used to concentrate the winds energy.|[0061] FIGS. 51A-51B-51C illustrate three phases of operation for the wind to electricity barge of FIG. 50 with hatches battened down in FIG. 50A for storms or storage; masts up ready to lift wind turbines in FIG. 50B; and FIG. 50C with the wind tunnel raised from the barge's hold with the spinnaker 2712 still furled around the wind tunnel 2800.|[0062] FIG. 52 is two views: front and side of FIG. 51c with the wind tunnel in cross-section.|[0063] FIG. 53 depicts the wind tunnel identifying the location of sixty wind driven electrical turbines.|[0064] FIG. 54A-54B-54C-54D-54E-54F depict a furling system or components thereof for the spinnaker 2601 in various stages of deployment.|[0065] FIG. 55 illustrates a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents, in accordance with one or more implementations.|[0066] FIG. 56 illustrates a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by hydrothermal borehole vents, in accordance with one or more implementations.|[0067] FIG. 57 illustrates a method to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents, in accordance with one or more implementations.|(US11794893)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0068] The devices, systems, and methods described herein address the problem of an excess concentration of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, which is a side effect that occurred when the world industrialized and started consuming large quantities of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and gas) that stored carbon for millions of years that now has formed atmospheric greenhouse gasses. It is generally accepted that the release of greenhouse gasses has caused the earth to warm and is a major concern of most nations and the scientists who have studied the present situation. Prior to the industrial revolution, wood was used to warm the fires in homes, and charcoal made from wood was used when high temperatures were needed including the processing of pottery in early pottery kilns, then bronze during the Bronze Age, and iron during the Iron Age. The use of wood as a fuel is carbon neutral since the wood gets carbon from the air through photosynthesis. The most prevalent greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO2) with methane (CH4) in second place.|[0069] CO2 is a fertilizer for trees and other plants that take in the CO2 through photosynthesis, release oxygen, and store the carbon as organic matter in the plant. When the plants die and decompose, the microbes that consume the plants release CO2 back into the air. Coal seams that are being mined today were formed though the compacting of organic matter. Microbes that consume organic matter and release the CO2 back into the atmosphere did not exist or were not as prevalent, thereby allowing much of the dead organic matter to be processed through coalification.|[0070] By way of non-limiting example, some of this disclosure includes methods of achieving coalification of large quantities of organic matter including using the volcanic energy near hydrothermal vent fields to quickly decompose organic matter through hydro pyrolysis. The water near the bottom of the ocean is cold, typically less than 2° C., and oxygen deprived due to oxygens affinity to the warmer water nearer to the ocean's surface.|[0071] From a sizing standpoint, worldwide the amount of organic matter that would be needed to offset the consumption of fossil fuel is about 900 times the consumption rate of the Benson Sawmill operating in San Diego Calif. from 1906 to 1941.|[0072] The focus of this disclosure is to cause organic matter to decompose without generating CO2. It is similar to the process used for “coaling” where wood is stacked, and burned in a low oxygen environment to breakdown the wood's fibers and make charcoal as has been done by mankind for thousands of years.|[0073] While any organic material (vegetable or animal) can be used for this process, one area of focus is on trees due their abundance and ease of manipulating large quantities of carbon. The Trillion Tree planting effort worldwide will help but if the trees go through their normal life cycle, the sequestering of carbon will only be for a few hundred years if the trees are allowed to decay naturally. If the trees and other organic matter go through coalification, with the carbon stored at the bottom of the ocean, the carbon could be stored for a few hundred thousand years and the trees that are removed for coalification can be replaced with new trees that through photosynthesis will remove more carbon dioxide from the air.|[0074] Municipal dumps are a significant source of greenhouse gasses, particularly methane, from the decay of vegetable and animal organic matter. If the same material were processed through coalification, the associated air pollution would be abated as would the world's greenhouse gas problem. In intensely populated cities, the methods described herein may be less expensive than using landfills.|[0075] In most carbon capture and storage efforts, the emphasis has been on capturing and storing carbon dioxide CO2, not carbon. In the effort described here, the capturing of the carbon (not CO2) is accomplished by vegetation through photosynthesis. Virtually all organic matter cycles carbon between storage in organic matter and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb CO2, use the carbon to increase their size and mass, and release the oxygen into the air. Plants are at the bottom of the food chain for animals and the carbon from the plants builds animal bodies also. When the plants and animals die, they are consumed by microbes or fire both of which release the carbon back into the atmosphere as CO2. Every spring the atmospheric CO2 level starts to drop due to budding vegetation and every fall the CO2 level in the atmosphere increases due to an increase in rotting organic matter.|[0076] Nature's annual atmospheric CO2 flux is far greater than the annual increase in anthropogenic atmospheric CO2. It is cyclic and 180° out of phase between the northern and southern hemisphere with the northern hemisphere, which has about twice as much land area, dominating the cycle. Nature's CO2 emissions flux could be slowed down. Organic matter that holds the carbon for minutes to centuries can be turned into charcoal or char and stored in the Earth's soil or on the bottom of the ocean where eventually it could form a coal seam resulting in less atmospheric CO2 being released.|[0077] If all the world's anthropogenic garbage could be processed through systems and methods as described herein, it would make a small dent in the atmospheric CO2 level. If half the world's dead trees could be processed, the Earth would be carbon negative with atmospheric CO2 levels dropping without decreasing anthropogenic CO2 emissions.|[0078] Hydrothermal vents driven by volcanic energy are a naturally occurring phenomenon that occurs throughout the world. They are concentrated along the mid-ocean ridges where the Earth's tectonic plates collide, divide, or slide past each other. The water that boils out of the vents seeps into the earth perhaps hundreds of miles from the vent. From a processing standpoint, the lack of control of the energy released by naturally occurring hydrothermal vents makes it difficult to harness the energy for useful purposes.|[0079] This disclosure describes the construction of manmade hydrothermal vents (also referred to as hydrothermal borehole vents), methods of storing the energy extracted from these hydrothermal vents for later use, and applications for the stored energy. The basic premise for this is depicted in FIG. 2 where the relationship between the depth of the oceans' water, the pressure at that depth 2501, and the boiling point of water at that depth 2502 and the supercritical water area 2503 are plotted. One of the concepts described herein is to move organic matter to a place where it can be broken down without the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere and storing the resultant carbon where it can remain for eons.|[0080] A hydrothermal vent field 500 m (2000 feet) below the ocean's surface would support quick decomposition through hydro pyrolysis. Due to the water pressure, these fields have a water boiling point that will convert the organic matter to carbon through hydro pyrolysis in seconds to hours. The energy needed to accomplish this is stored in the 1200° C. magma chambers below the hydrothermal vent fields. The oceans' bottom away from the hydrothermal vent fields is an ideal place to store the carbon for eons.|[0081] Mid Ocean Ridges|[0082] FIG. 1 is a plot of the Earth showing the continents of North America 101, South America 113, Europe 102, Africa 114, Asia 104, Australia 105, Antarctica 106, as well as the Middle East 103 which is part of the Asian continent. In FIG. 1 the globe is divided by longitude lines every 30° with zero being in the middle, positive longitude lines on the right (East) and negative on the left (West). The Equator 107, the Tropic of Cancer 108 and the Tropic of Capricorn 109 are included.|[0083] The movement of the Earth's tectonic plates the continents ride upon creates two types of faults 111 in the Earth's 100 crust. There are subduction zones where one tectonic plate is sliding under another and faults where the tectonic plates are pulling apart. In FIG. 1, areas where spreading faults 112 have been identified by the star symbol. Mid Ocean Ridges have formed across the planet and are interconnected making them the longest mountain range in the world at just under 80,000 km (50,000 miles).|[0084] Submarine Hydrothermal Vents Fields|[0085] When the tectonic plates spread apart, magma from the core of the Earth comes up and fills the cracks between the continental plates. Natural hydrothermal vents form when water below the sea floor is heated to the boiling point or the supercritical water state. The temperature of the water below the vent is heated until it boils which occurs at different temperatures at different depths and near the temperatures indicated by curve 202 of FIG. 2. The increase in boiling temperature 202 with depth 201 is caused by the increase in pressure 201 with depth. It is a super pressure cooker reaching temperatures above 400° C. (750° F.) heated from energy released by the 1200° C. magma chambers below natural vents.|[0086] Suitable Organic Materials|[0087] Almost any organic material is suitable for the process described herein. If a way to get the organic matter to the processing centers can be found, coalification of the organic matter can take place. A primary focus for materials for coalification in the effort is trees and log rafts 300 (or bamboo rafts) of FIG. 3. Log rafts 300 with thousands of logs have been built where one raft processed into coal will sequester carbon equal to about 10 hours of worldwide CO2 emissions.|[0088] There are other organic materials that accumulates like fallen leaves, yard trimmings, or food waste. There is also industrial waste, material from deconstruction sites, and worn out car tires that could be processed. Some of the materials processed may use significantly higher decomposition temperatures than wood and will need to be taken to appropriate coalification site that can reach the higher temperatures needed for proper decomposition. Specific containers like, by way of non-limiting example, the containers of FIG. 4, FIGS. 5A-5B, and FIG. 42 may be needed to process some organic materials.|[0089] FIG. 14 illustrates a way of handling waste of specific concern. Solid municipal waste 1205 is being moved from the boat 1204 into the sea silo 1201 via the conveyer 1206. The conveyer 1206 also has a fluid capability where seawater and other fluids can be pumped into the sea silo 1201. Barge 1401 shown in cross-section contains sewer sludge 1402 that is being sucked into boat 1204 through tube 1403 and pumped into sea silo 1201. Organic matter that is difficult to breakdown will be held in oven 1100 long enough for the degradation to occur.|[0090] The term “plastics” includes materials composed of various elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and sulfur (C, H, O, N, Cl & S). Many plastics can be broken down at the temperatures that can be achieved at the submarine hydrothermal operation described herein.|[0091] Municipal waste could include hazardous chemicals that can be broken down at the correct vent water temperature if held for the proper time. For loads of organic matter that are or might have problems, control of the material is important and can be accomplished with a system like that shown in FIG. 14.|[0092] The controls on the system can be set up so that the material 1205 or material 1402 of concern is held in the oven 1100 at a temperature and for a time period that will assure the materials proper decomposition and avoids side effects.|[0093] For some materials to be processed through hydrothermal vent coalification the retrieval of the end product may be desirable. For such applications, the retrievable container similar to the examples shown in FIG. 5A-5B would be needed. FIG. 5B where the lid 502 is open may be normal for loading the container on land. When on a hydrothermal vent field (as depicted in FIG. 5B), the coalification will take place and the lifting eyes 503 will allow container 500 to be retrieved with or without the remains of the original content.|[0094] Waterlogging Organic Material|[0095] In order to get the material to the hydrothermal vent field for coalification, the material or the material plus the container must sink. Waterlogging is probably the easiest way to get material like wood or bamboo to sink. FIG. 6 shows two waterlogging setups 600, one with disposable container 400 of FIG. 4 and one with log raft 300 (also depicted in FIG. 3). In this system, moorings 603 are placed in the sea floor 602 and chain or line is connected to the package being waterlogged, i.e., cargo container 400 or log raft 300. The mooring line or chain is also connected to a buoy 604 on the water's surface 601. Changing the pressure on the items being waterlogged will allow the water to penetrate the cell walls and the gas in the cells to escape more easily. The tides in the open ocean are relatively small, about 2 feet compared to the tides near shore which are often greater than 6 foot and can reach 43 foot in the Bay of Fundy. Waterlogging is likely to occur faster near shore due to the increased tides and associated pressure variation on the material being waterlogged. If waterlogging were deemed not practical, a heavy container 500 can be used to move the organic material to the hydrothermal vent area. In some implementations, getting the material to sink sooner could include adding rocks or other dense matter to a log raft 300 or a containers 400-500. In some implementations, a raft may include holds for other organic material.|[0096] Moving Material to Coalification Centers|[0097] A primary source of organic material will be the world's forests. Many of the forests have large areas that are roadless and difficult to reach. FIG. 24 illustrates a configuration 2400 which includes a remotely piloted blimp 2401 with navigation lights 2402, a rudder 2403, ailerons 2404, a motor 2406 mounted to the blimp, propeller 2405, and/or other components. In some implementations, the blimp may have two water bags 2407 attached to it as well as a harness 2408 that includes logging straps 2409 that are tied around logs 2410 and other organic matter that needs to be transported out of a roadless or difficult to reach area to a river or road where the organic matter can be moved to the ocean and eventually to a coalification operation over a hydrothermal vent field.|[0098] In configuration 2400 the water bags 2407 are full and will be emptied to lessen the weight and allow the blimp to lift the logs and other organic matter 2410 off the ground. The blimp 2401 and logs and organic matter 2410 will be moved to the ocean or a river leading to the ocean, or a road where the logs and organic matter can be transported to the ocean. When the blimp and organic reach the transfer point, the water bags 2407 will be refilled and the logs and organic matter 2410 will be released. The blimp will head back to the roadless forested area and pick up another load.|[0099] Protecting blimps from storm damage may rely on hangars. Heavy lift blimps are of greater concern due to the size of the blimps and the availability of safe places to keep them in a storm. FIG. 25 illustrates a heavy lift configuration including multiple smaller blimps. In this configuration, blimp 2502 has a gondola 2503 with room for pilots and crew as well as a water ballast. It also has a frame 2501 configured to hold five of blimps 2401 similar to those used in configuration 2400.|[0100] In some implementations, the blimp may be an unmanned remotely operated or autonomous air vehicle operating in remote areas and at low altitudes. Moving a waterlogged log raft 300, a disposable container 400, or a reusable container 500 to the ocean from the shore or a river emptying into the ocean, to a coalification operation can be accomplished with ships and tub boats.|[0101] Moving the organic material from the oceans' surface down to the processing area which could be a mile or more below the surface of the ocean may need guidance. One way to accomplishing this is with guidance from surface ships maintaining a hold on the log raft as it sinks toward the targeted point on the oceans bottom using a mooring cable 706. A mooring 705 or anchor can be placed in the hydrothermal vent field with the mooring line 706 or anchor line used to control the position of log rafts and containers as they descend to the hydrothermal vent field. When the load attached to cable 706 for coalification is not to be retrieved in the near future, the connection to the cable may be accomplished with a fastener that will degrade and disintegrate over time or otherwise release once the load is in or near the desired position.|[0102] In some cases, it may be easier to use underwater unmanned vehicles either remotely piloted or operating autonomously to guide the material down to the vent field. Manned underwater vehicles could be used to guide the load to the hydrothermal vent field but that type of equipment may be expensive and cumbersome when attempting to work at some of the depths under consideration.|[0103] Sea Silos|[0104] FIG. 12 depicts a sea silo system 1200 that includes a sea silo 1201 (which includes a tube 1210 having a length of at least 200 meter between a top end and a bottom end), one or more floating mechanisms (e.g., float 1202, floats 1209, boat 1204, and/or other components configured to provide buoyancy to tube 1210), and/or other components. Tube 1210 is configured to extend from above the surface of the body of water (e.g., sea level 601) to a depth of at least 200 meters (or, in some cases, at least 500 meters) below the surface. Sea silos 1201 (in FIG. 12) and 1301 (in FIG. 13) may be configured to move organic matter down to the ocean floor. The lower parts of the silos are typically held over the hydrothermal vent fields or other desirable areas, e.g., with guys 1203 that connect the silos 1201 and 1301 to moorings 705. The top of the silo 1201 is held above sea level 601 by a float 1202 along with flotation support from floats 1209. The boat 1204, perhaps a municipal garbage barge, may offload its cargo, including organic matter 1205, into the top of silo 1201 using a conveyor 1206 that is fitted with water pipe used to pump water or fluid organic matter into the top of the silo 1201 to encourage the flow of the organic matter 1205 from the boat 1204 down the silo to the hydrothermal vent field near vent 1207 with its emission of boiling water 1208 generated by contact with the magma in the Earth's core below the vent. When the sea silos are moved to the vent sites, it will usually be done in sections with the sections being assembled while horizontal on the surface of the ocean 601. Following assembly some of the flotation or buoyancy will be removed allowing one end of the silo to sink. The floats 1209 will be arranged down the silo to minimize the stresses in the silo during the assembly process as well as the stresses associated with normal operation. In some implementations, one or more of the floating mechanisms may be controllable such that the buoyancy can change, e.g., as controlled by a user. In some implementations, tube 1210 may have a diameter ranging between 1 and 3 feet, or between 2 and 4 feet.|[0105] FIG. 13 depicts a sea silo system 1300 that includes a sea silo 1301 (which includes a tube 1312 having a length of at least 200 meter between a top end and a bottom end). Sea silo 1301 is a larger version of sea silo 1201. Sea silo system 1300 may include a float 1202 to keep the top above sea level 601 and guys 1203 between sea silo 1301 and a mooring 705 in the vent field near the vent 1308 with its boiling emissions 1309. Sea silo system 1300 may include a door 1302 at the top of sea silo 1301. This door opens to allow material to be hauled into sea silo 1301 that is floating at sea level 601. Next to sea silo 1301 is a cargo ship 1307 (partially shown in FIG. 13) that will be loading organic matter into the top of sea silo 1301. The organic matter 1310 has been waterlogged and is on the hydrothermal vent field in various stages of coalification. The organic matter loaded into sea silo 1301 may not be completely waterlogged. Tools like pusher 1311 and rod 1306 may be used to manipulate the floaters and get them out of the way of the sinkers. Also, impellers 1303 may be used to move the water in the sea silo. Motor 1304 will normally be above the water and connected to the propeller 1306 through shaft 1305. In some implementations, sea silo system 1200 or sea silo system 1300 may include a pressure generator configured to generate pressure that forces the organic material from the top end (of tube 1210 or tube 1312) towards and out of the bottom end of the tube. In some implementations, the pressure generator may include one or more of a pusher (e.g., pusher 1311), a rod (e.g., rod 1306, an impeller (e.g., impellers 1303), a motor (e.g., motor 1304), and/or other components. In some implementations, tube 1312 may have a diameter ranging between 20 and 40 feet, between 30 and 60 feet, about 50 feet, about 100 feet, and/or other dimensions.|[0106] The sea silos in configuration 1600 are mounted on the sea floor with multiple silos 1601 held in a group with supports 1602 and a floating deck 1605. The sea silos 1601 are held in place with guys 1203 that are connected to moorings 705. The organic material will enter through the top of one of the silos and start its journey through waterlogging and sinking down to the bottom of the silo. There the conditions including the heat from the hydrothermal vent will cause the organic matter to go through coalification. At the bottom of the silo the organic material going through coalification will build up. The mid ocean ridges where the hydrothermal vent fields are found are underwater mountains with a lot of relatively steep cliffs. If such a location is used for the sea silos, it might be centuries before the silos need to be moved. If the silos need to be moved for any reason including the buildup of carbonized material at its base, the floating deck 1605 and stress relieving floats 1203 can have the buoyancy to lift all five silos 1601 off the sea bottom by several hundred feet allowing the sea silos and associated equipment to be moved to a new location.|[0107] In some implementations, sea silos 1201-1301-1601 may be used in conjunction with hydrothermal vent thermal reflectors 900 to increase the rate of coalification of the incoming organic material. In some situations, the thermal reflectors 900 may be attached to the sea silos 1201-1301-1601.|[0108] Hydrothermal Vent Ovens|[0109] The deep sea hydrothermal vent ovens 800-1100-1400-1900-2100-2200 (shown in different figures) are set up directly over hydrothermal vents where the organic material is controlled through the coalification process and spends time in the hottest part of the chosen hydrothermal vent field. This may be a more expensive process than moving rafts of logs down to the bottom of the ocean and letting them go through coalification over time, with some organic matter taking many years. Some of the hydrothermal vent ovens will be subjected to destructive volcanic activity since they are directly over the vents, and this may have a negative effect on the useful lifetime of a hydrothermal vent oven, vent covers, and/or other components.|[0110] There are organic materials today that require incineration after use, such as hospital materials, illegal drug seizure, the destruction of unused or outdated drugs, unused explosives, invasive plant species, deconstruction materials or plastics that decompose at the deep sea pyrolysis temperatures. Sea silos (e.g., 1201-1301) at sites were these types of materials are being handled for coalification purposes may be equipped with a series of valve controls as illustrated in FIG. 17. The valve 1700a is shown in the open position 1701 and closed position 1702 with the valve vain 1703 closing by moving to the stops 1704 as indicated by arrow 1705. A directional flow control valve 1700b is shown with housing 1708 and flapper 1709 installed in the sea silo 1201. The flapper 1709 is configured to float and close as shown in 1707. When water is flowing downward, the valve will open as shown in 1706. This is done to, among other things, minimize the problem of organic material 1205 floating back up though sea silo 1201 and jamming up when the equipment is not in use. A silo plunger 1700c is shown, including a shaft 1715 and a valve plate 1714 with a number of flappers 1712 that block the openings in the plate 1714 when pushing down as indicated by directional arrow 1716 as shown in 1711. When pulling up on the shaft 1715 as shown in 1710, the valves open up allowing the water to flow thought the plate 1714.|[0111] Minimizing Heat Loss from a Large Hydrothermal Vent Field|[0112] The energy available from the Earth's core below the hydrothermal vent fields is truly impressive. There will be situations where a natural hydrothermal vent will not be able to keep up with the demand for the coalification process. The slow spreading North Atlantic Ridge could see a level of coalification activities that would exceed its thermal output capability. Modifying hydrothermal vent field by covering the field with a sturdy cover that can withstand most volcanic events and still be movable could minimize the effect of such demands on the system. The heat shield 901 in FIG. 9 may be configured to conserve heat.|[0113] Large Reusable Vent Covers|[0114] FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 illustrate the modification and use of a doubled hulled oil tanker 1800. View A-A, View B-B, and View C-C depict a hull 1801, a total of twelve oil storage tanks 1802, the ships superstructure 1803, and/or other components. In FIG. 18, view D-D illustrates a modified version of the same ship with the superstructure removed, the deck removed including the tops of the oil tanks, and the internal drive system removed as is normally done when scrapping a ship. View D-D illustrates the bulkheads or walls of the oil storage tanks 1804 that face other have been modified 1805 to accommodate the peaks of ridges when deployed as a cover for a hydrothermal vent field. Lifting eyes 1806 have been added to aid in maneuvering the hull when used as a hydrothermal vent field cover. The use of a double hulled ship in this application has an advantage in that there is a stagnant layer between the remaining outside oil tank 1802 bulkheads 1804 and the outside hull 1801. The gap between the hull 1801 and the oil tanks 1802 can be filled with material that has a lower thermal conductivity than water further improving the thermal insulation capability of the hydrothermal vent field cover. Sea silos 1201-1301-1601 can be used to supply organic material directly into the vent covers 1801-2001-2204 on the hydrothermal vent field.|[0115] FIG. 19 is a deployed version of a doubled hulled oil tanker similar to view D-D of FIG. 18, including a hydrothermal vent field with vents 701, rock core 702 and residue 703 on top of the rock core 702. Hull 1801 with modified internal tank bulkheads 1805 and lifting eyes 1803 is connected to a float 1901 via cables 1902. The top of float 1901 may be arranged fifty to one hundred feet below the sea surface 601 and may be connected to the surface buoy 604 by chain 605. The float 1901 will provide stability to the hydrothermal vent field cover including hull 1801 and modified internal bulkheads 1805 should the vents 701 erupt in a violent volcanic manner and shift the position of the hull 1801. The float 1901 may significantly reduce the displacement of a boat that can safely pick up the hull 1801 off the sea bed and move it to a new location. The modified oil tanker hull 1801 as shown in FIG. 19 can be moved up near the surface, filled with floating logs and other floating material and then lowered to the sea floor vent for the coalification of the hull's contents.|[0116] FIG. 20 is a barge configured for use as a transporter of organic material to the coalification site and to provide cover for the hydrothermal vent field. The barge may include a hull 2001 shown here as a double hull, two hatches 2003-2004 that open for filling the barge and open for discharging the contents at the coalification site, and/or other components. The barge can be lifted from the keel 2005 using lifting eyes 2006 as well as lifting points on the top of hull in configuration 2000 for use when bring the barge to the surface of the ocean after a coalification run or hauling it out of the water. In View A-A of FIG. 20 the hatches 2003-2004 are closed while in View B-B the hatches 2003-2004 are open.|[0117] Configuration 2000 of FIG. 20 has a bow section 2002 that serves several purposes. Bow section 2002 will make the transportation of the barge under tow or under its own power more efficient. Bow section 2002 is also an adjustable float where the displacement is modified by adding or removing water from an internal water reservoir. When the barge is being transported, the reservoir in 2002 would normally be empty.|[0118] FIG. 21 is a configuration where barge hull 2001 is inverted with hatches 2003-2004 open as in FIG. 20 View B-B and covering the hydrothermal vent field with vents 701 under hull 2001. The heat from the vents will be conserved in the water under the hull as opposed to streaming into the open ocean in an effort to speed up the coalification process. The bow section 2002 is functioning as a float near the surface 601 adding stability to the barge when moving the barge over the vent and when recovering from a violent volcanic event.|[0119] FIG. 22 is a cross-section of a multi-stage coalification oven configuration 2200 with three of the stages shown. The hydrothermal vent fields are generally located on mid-ocean ridges. Configuration 2200 has the input of organic matter 1205 at a high point 2201 of the system with the input for the organic matter 1205 making its way through interconnecting pipes 2203 in the direction of arrows 2202 passing through the oven housings 2204 and eventually reaching the end point 2205 where the processed organic matter will flow further down the mid-ocean ridge and down into a valley below where it will accumulate and complete the coalification process forming coal.|[0120] The ovens in configuration 2200 may include an outer shell 2204 mounted on supports 2206 that keep the oven shell above ridge 702 and over vents 701 and a perforated screen 2207 that surrounds hydrothermal vent 701 between ridge 702 and oven shell 2004. The ovens have funnels 2208 to encourage the high temperature water emitted by hydrothermal vents 701 to enter the processing ovens of configuration 2200 in the direction of arrow 2209. The heated vent water will also accumulate under housing 2204 of the processing oven in configuration 2200 and may be somewhat restricted by perforated screen 2207.|[0121] The thermal output levels associated with hydrothermal vents are known to very significantly. Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park is perhaps the best example of this. The configuration of FIG. 22 minimizes the effect of individual vent thermal variations throughput highs and lows by averaging the output of several vents as well as to hold the incoming organic material being processed for a longer period of time allowing for a more complete breakdown of the organic matter entering the system at 2201.|[0122] Coal Recovery|[0123] What remains of the organic material that successful completes the coalification process is coal (e.g., in the form of hydrochar). In some cases, the structure of the original trees or other plant may be preserved resulting in a relatively low density, like a piece of charcoal. The coal could be sucked up off the bottom of the ocean as-is, after coalification at the hydrothermal vent fields, dried, compacted, and used for fuel. It also could be compacted in or near the vent field with the use of heavy weight 1500 and used for fuel. The carbon residue resulting from the hydrothermal vent coalification process can also improve the soil used for crop production including reforestation, as a fuel, or in the manufacturer of materials having a carbon base.|[0124] Protection from Storms|[0125] Ocean storms, squalls, hurricanes, cyclones, are common on the high seas. Fortunately, these are surface phenomenon and have little effect on the hydrothermal vent fields or the deep oceans. During hurricanes, wavelengths of eight hundred feet and wave heights of one hundred feet can be reached. Water movement as a result of wave action is negligible half a wavelength below the wave or about 450 feet below the ocean's surface for the waves as described. Some of the surface equipment associated with the coalification process that would be difficult to remove when faced with a storm will often be configured to be submerged about 450 feet below the ocean's surface while tethered to a marker buoy on the surface. This will be done to avoid storm damage for large platforms described herein and the like.|[0126] Alternative Energy Sources|[0127] Hydrothermal vent fields are a very attractive location for coalification of organic matter because large quantities of organic matter can be processed, and because the resulting coal does not need to be removed. Waste heat from industrial processes or from land based volcanic activity can also be used for this purpose.|[0128] Alternative Coalification Sites|[0129] The process described herein has focused on the use of high pressure super-heated water for the coalification of organic matter. The process can be accomplished at or near atmospheric pressures if the oxygen is excluded from the processing effort. The use of nitrogen gas would prevent the formation of CO2 at the temperatures needed to breakdown organic compounds. High temperature steam can be used to breakdown organic compounds that do not react significantly with water molecules in a way that forms and releases CO2 or CH4. It is possible to achieve the needed water pressures to achieve the coalification goals using pumps or having a stand of water that has a vertical elevation of about one thousand six hundred feet. Across the world there are presently 11 skyscrapers that are taller enough to achieve that head of pressure and thousands of hills and mountains where this could be accomplished. The big island of Hawaii has both mountains that are tall enough and volcanic activity at the bottom that could supply the needed heat.|[0130] Inland Hydrothermal Vents|[0131] There are deep inland lakes that have thermal vents like Lake Ysyk in Kyrgyzstan that never freezes due to the geothermal activity. The coalification process, as described herein, is not limited to the oceans but rather to hydrothermal vents that are deep enough under water to raise the boiling point of the water to a temperature that will quickly degrade the incoming organic material.|[0132] Exemplary Operations|[0133] FIG. 23 is a block diagram 2200 of an exemplary operating sequence for a request for the coalification of organic material. The first column 2301 is the incoming request and response. The second column 2302 is an analysis of the incoming request. The weather on the high seas will sometimes cause delays. The incoming material must be from an approved source, and the customer must have the ability and desire to pay for the effort. If these basic needs are not met, the request will be rejected.|[0134] If the load is accepted, a plan 2303 will be worked out with the customer. Following that coalification 2304 will initiated and after completed, any reusable containers 2304 or desired residue 2304 will be scheduled for pickup by the customer. Billing 2305 for the effort will be done after the coalification is started and in most cases before the coalification of the incoming material is completed.|[0135] Drilling for Heat|[0136] Nature's submarine hydrothermal thermal vents are useful as an energy source as-is but could be improved. The volcanic energy is coming from magma below the hydrothermal vents. Drilling down below the hydrothermal vent fields to get closer to the energy source can be accomplished with common equipment like the drill ship 2601 of FIG. 26, including drilling tower 2602, drilling shaft 2603, drill bit 2604, and/or other components. The drill bit housing 2605 may hold grinding wheels 2606 that rotate and have teeth that grind through rock. When drilling, the housing 2605 and shaft 2603 rotate. When drilling a borehole 2702 through rock 2701 as shown in the cross-sectional drawing FIG. 27a, high pressure water is pumped through the shaft 2603 from the drillship 2601 to the drill bit 2604 where it exits the drill bit housing 2605 pushing ground up rock 301 fragments up and out of the borehole 2702 of FIG. 27a. The high flow rate of surface water associated with the drilling process will also cool the drill bit when drilling for the heat emitted from the magma chambers commonly located below hydrothermal vent fields.|[0137] Once the drill bit has reached the desired position, the drill bit and associated equipment may be withdrawn. A borehole liner 2703 is often added to support the walls of the borehole 2702 as shown in FIG. 27b and FIG. 27c. The configuration of FIG. 27c has a pipe 2704 added to facilitate the extraction of heat from the borehole 2702. Water may move down the pipe 2704 as indicated by directional arrow 2705, either mechanically propelled or through convection that occurs when the water heated in the borehole 2702 of FIG. 27c begins to rise as indicated by directional arrows 2706. The heat from the borehole walls may be transferred to the water: the water may expand, lowering its density, and start to rise. The output from the borehole 2706 can be in the form of hot water or steam or supercritical water. The state of the water 2706 can change as it rises due to changes in temperature and pressure of the water.|[0138] There are multiple sources possible for the water 2705 flowing down tube 2704 to the borehole. Water deep in the ocean is typically in the 2° C. to 4° C. range and a little warmer very near the hydrothermal vent fields. Water from active thermal vents is relatively hot but can be used as is as incoming water 2704 or mixed with cooler water prior to use. Water flowing 2705 down tube 2704 can come from the hydrothermal vent processing ovens of FIG. 31, 32, 38, 41, or the storage facility of FIG. 39.|[0139] The water 2705 flowing down tube 2704 can come from the surface of the ocean 2607 where it is normally warmer than the water at the bottom of the ocean. The surface water can be moved down to the borehole in a manner that will allow it to act as an insulating jacket for heated water coming out of the borehole in a coaxial configuration as described in FIG. 30a or FIG. 39a where it will take on heat from the hotter rising water and/or steam in the center of the coaxial pipe. Water coming from the surface is likely to include organic matter like municipal sewage and garbage that will be loaded into the pipe 2704 and processed into hydrochar while traveling through the borehole and processing equipment after going through the borehole. Surface water 2705 flowing down tube 2704 is likely water that has been used as coolant for energy processing operations before being loaded into tube 2704. When needed, water flowing 305 down tube 2704 can be assisted with pressure from the surface as is done with the drill shaft 2603 or with impellers located near the bottom of the ocean.|[0140] FIG. 28 is a cross-section of a hydrothermal vent output tube 2703 that terminates at endpoint 2801 near the ocean floor 2803 with the output 2706 from the tube 2703 directed through tube 2802. The incoming water 2705 is entering through tube 2704. The heated output water 2706 flowing through pipe 2802 is likely to be directed into an ocean bottom processing effort including but not limited to hydrothermal vent ovens 3101, 3802 energy storage unit 3900 or a rain cloud generating operation 4500 or an electrolysis processor 4900. The incoming water 2705 in tube 2704 could be coming from the same operation as the output 2706 resulting in an increase in the heat in the water 2706 leaving the borehole.|[0141] FIG. 29 is a crossover connector 2900 that moves the heated output water 2706 from the outside position in pipe 2703 containing heated water from the bore hole near the ocean floor 2803 and moves the egressing water to the inside position of the coaxial pipe 2903 above the crossover connector 2900. The incoming cooler water 2705 is moved from the outside position in pipe 2902 above the crossover connector to the inside position in pipe 2704 before or after entering the borehole.|[0142] The incoming water 2705 can come from many different sources as previously mentioned but when it comes from water near the exit of the heated water 306 it can increase the insolation capability of the coaxial plumbing configuration. The incoming water 2705 in the outside tube 2902 will be exposed to the heat escaping the hotter water 2706 in the inside coaxial tube. Since the temperature of the incoming water 305 has been increased, the temperature of the exiting water will be increased. This same principle can be applied to plumbing where the incoming water 2705 and the outgoing water 2706 is not configured coaxially but side-by-side in near vicinity or in a cluster with multiple entrances and egress riser tubes bundled and moving energy from one point to another.|[0143] When the hot water 2706 or steam 2706 or supercritical water 2706 is rising from the borehole, it is likely to change state. FIGS. 30a and 30b illustrates ways to control the change in state when needed to enhance a process. Referring to FIG. 30a, as the hot water 2706 is rising through the riser tube 2903 the pressure will decrease, and it is likely the water will begin to boil before it reaches its destination, which could be the surface of the ocean. The boiling point can be controlled by adding cool water 3004 to the hot water 2706 flow as shown in FIG. 30a where a hot water temperature controller 3001 has been added. There are two water input streams 3002 and 3003 for this version of the controller. One input is from water 3003 surrounding the device and the other input water 3002 is from the incoming water 2705 heading down to the bore hole. If the hot water 2706 starts boiling 3005, the cooler water 3004 mixing with the hotter water 2706 will reduce the waters 2706 temperature and the waters 2706 tendency to boil 3006 or eliminate the boiling entirely. Optimizing the systems performance may result with several controllers 3001 being added to the coaxial tube 3000a to maintain control of the flow rate of the hot water 2706.|[0144] In the configurations of FIG. 30 the conservation of energy in the coaxial configuration has been improved with the addition of insulation 3007 being added to the internal coaxial tube 2903. Also, insulation 3008 may be added to the external coaxial tube 2902.|[0145] Near the bottom of the ocean, the water entering the controller 3001 through the local input 3003 could be as cold as 2° C. or 3° C. If the incoming water 2705 is surface water, it is likely to enter the outside coaxial tube 2902 near 20° C. and take on heat from the hot water 2706 in the riser tube 2903 increasing the temperature of the incoming water stream 2705. At the location of the controller, the incoming water 2705 entering the controller at the controller input 3002 could be above 100° C. If the goal of the system is to generate rain clouds as described in the system associated with FIG. 45 and maximizing the amount of water blown into the air is desirable, warmer incoming water through controller input 3002 would support that goal with more hot water 2706 moving through the riser tube 2903.|[0146] Referring to FIG. 30b, the steam output pressure may be addressed. The reservoir 3009 has been added to provide room for the water to boil. Referring to the system of FIG. 45, if the cloud generating process can be optimized with steam from the hydrothermal vent system at 100 psig, the configuration of FIG. 30b can accomplish that efficiently. The evaporation tank 3009 would be set up such that the evaporation line 3010 will be 80 m (262 ft.) below the water's surface 2607. Below the evaporation line 3010 the expansion chamber 3009 will contain boiling water 3011 and above the evaporation line, the chamber will contain pressurized steam. For the stated conditions, the water temperature for the hot water 2706 entering the chamber is controlled at 170° C. (338° F.) with controllers 3001 located below the expansion tank. When the hot water 2706 enters the chamber, it will boil until the pressure in the chamber reaches 100 psig and then stop boiling since the pressure will have raised the boiling point to 170° C. The pressure above the evaporation line 3010 would typically be controlled at the surface and adjusted to meet the system needs. The chamber of FIG. 30b can be configured to minimize problems associated with steam hammers with properly designed expansion and contraction capabilities.|[0147] Managing Combustible Gas and Oil Byproducts|[0148] As the coalification process is done at deeper depths and higher temperatures the output will change. At shallower depths, the organic matter being produced will be mostly hydrochar, a form of coal that can be left on the sea floor for centuries where it may turn into coal seams. Coalification operations located 2.5 km or more below the sea surface could be operating at 400° C. At that temperature and depth the products will be hydrochar and will include oil that resembles sweet crude petroleum as well as one or more of methane, ethane, propane, and other combustible gasses. The oil and combustible gas generated during high temperature coalification need to be managed.|[0149] Referring to FIG. 31, a hydrothermal vent oven 3101 is sitting on the ocean floor 2803 set up for coalification under high temperature high pressure conditions. The oven may receive organic matter, garbage, sewerage from the sea silo 3102. The P trap 3108 at the bottom of the sea silo 3102 may prevent the oil and combustible gas produced during the coalification process from traveling back up the sea silo 3102 to the surface of the ocean where the sea silo 3102 is loaded with organic matter.|[0150] The solid hydrochar 3103 resulting from the process will collect in the bottom of the oven 3101 and move slowly out the hydrochar exit 3104 and down the side of the mid-ocean ridge where the hydrothermal vent fields are often found. The oven may be heated with the output from hydrothermal vents through tubing 2704 and 2802. In this application the input the hydrothermal vent borehole operation 2703 is coming from inside the hydrothermal vent oven 3101 rather than the surrounding water.|[0151] A reservoir 3106 may be connected to the top of the hydrothermal oven 3101 by a tube 3105. The reservoir 3106 is positioned to collect and cool the oil and combustible gas before proceeding up through riser pipe 3107 to the surface for use or disposal.|[0152] Elevated Coalification Platforms|[0153] Minimizing the problem associated with combustible gas and oil generated in favor of solid char during the coalification process can be accomplished by raising the hydrothermal vent processing oven up off the bottom of ocean and/or lowering the temperature of the water heating the oven. In FIG. 28 the oven may be lifted well off the sea floor and the input to the borehole 2703 is from the open ocean rather than the hydrothermal vent oven. The sea silo 3203 input to the hydrothermal vent oven 2803 may not require a P trap 3108. The exit 3104 for the hydrochar 3003 has been extended down near the sea floor. Beam 3202 is one continuous straight leg of the support structure 3201 added here to show prospective to the hydrothermal vent oven 3101 elevation above the ocean floor 2803.|[0154] High Volume Coalification Processing|[0155] FIG. 33 is a typical two-dimension orthographic projection of a doubled hulled oil tanker similar to that of FIG. 18a. There are about 7400 oil tankers operating worldwide. The normal life of a tanker is about 15 years. After that ships need to be refurbished or scrapped. Several hundred tankers are scrapped every year. Scrapping a ship in the EU is expensive and accidental groundings during a moon high tide in Bangladesh or Indonesia are sometimes the final voyage of such vessels with the vessels being scrapped on the beach after grounding.|[0156] FIG. 34 is a three-dimensional view orthographic projection of a double hull tanker of 3300 with the side View B-B and front View C-C cross-sectioned hull 3301 that has been modified for use as a hydrothermal vent oven. The superstructure 3302 has been removed as well as the deck and the bulkheads 3401 separating the oil storage tanks similar to FIG. 18b. The areas between the hulls can be stuffed with insulation, e.g., material that has a lower thermal conductivity than sea water, when being used as a hydrothermal vent oven.|[0157] FIG. 35 is the hull 3400 cross-sectioned as shown in FIG. 34 that has been loaded with organic matter. The organic matter 3501 loaded into the stern of the hull 3301 includes municipal garbage, forest litter and other organic matter in reusable or degradable organic containers 3503 for processing in the hydrothermal vent oven. The forward compartments may be loaded with logs.|[0158] FIG. 36 is a three-dimensional view of the grates used as hatch covers for the loaded hull 3500. The hatch cover grates will be sized to allow the hydrochar to pass through grate and head down toward the ocean floor while keeping the unprocessed material in the hull 3601. Some of the material processed in the hydrothermal vent ovens, including tree trunks, are likely to form a carbon skeletons of their former self. These can be broken up with high pressure water driven into the hulls or hydraulic pressure plates that will push the processed matter through the grates. The hatch cover grates 3601 are configured to function with municipal waste and forest litter while hatch covers 3602 are sturdier and configured to operate with trees or other organic matter where the remaining carbon skeletons will likely be crushed.|[0159] FIG. 37 is the three view orthographic projection of a modified tanker hull loaded with organic matter, with hatch covers in place. The hull is cross-sectioned as was done in FIG. 35. At this point the hull can be towed to the hydrothermal vent, and submerged.|[0160] FIG. 38a is a two view orthographic projection 3800a of the tanker hull loaded with organic matter 3700 and rolled over 90° on the way down to hydrothermal oven processing center 3800b. |[0161] FIG. 38b is a raised hydrothermal vent oven platform 3801 configured to support a hydrothermal vent oven. In configuration 3700, the hull is rotated 180° and is now resting with the hatches 3600 facing down. The interface between the hydrothermal vent oven 1300 and the oven platform 3701 is not shown but normally a grate similar to 4104 or 3602 would be used. The oven platform 3801 is supported above the bottom of the ocean by legs 3804. This may be done to reduce the amount of oil or combustible gas that is generated. It also makes it easier to retrieve the reusable hydrothermal oven parts 3400-3600-3700 for processing more loads of organic material. Under the platform is a funnel device 3702 configured to direct the char that results from this operation into a tube 3803 that will release the char near the ocean floor.|[0162] The energy for processing the organic material in the hydrothermal vent oven 3700 is derived from eight coaxial borehole riser tubes 2704 with the hot water tube 2802 mounted through the funnel 3802 walls and released into the hydrothermal vent oven 3700 through the grates 3600. The water for entering the coaxial riser tube through tube 2703 is shown coming from the surrounding waters but could be coming from the heated water in the hydro thermal vent oven 3700.|[0163] Storing Hydrothermal Energy|[0164] FIG. 39 is a hydrothermal vent hot water storage unit 3900. The storage unit is configured to store the output of natural hydrothermal vents or borehole hydrothermal vents. As shown, there are two borehole energy supplies located outside the borehole each including a coaxial riser pipe 2704 coming up from a bore hole in the ocean floor 2703 and an incoming water supply going down to the borehole 2703. The incoming water to the bore hole is being supplied from a coaxial riser pipe 3008 with the water from the outside pipe 2902 supplying warm water to borehole input 2703. The output from these two external high temperature water sources is fed into the chamber through pipe 2702. These sources supply the water inside the chamber.|[0165] A third borehole hydrothermal vent heat source inside the storage unit with the tube 2704 may be connected to a bore hole, with the hot water from the bore hole exiting pipe 2802 inside the storage chamber. The input to the borehole hydrothermal vent may come from inside the storage unit. This heat source recirculates the water in the storage unit through the hydrothermal vent bore hole keeping the stored water hot. The output of the energy storage unit is through tube 2906 that has insulation 3007 and is the center pipe in a coaxial configuration which includes pipe 2902 and its insulation 3008.|[0166] The housing for the hydrothermal energy storage 3901-3902-3904 are shown in cross-section and may include an outside wall 3902, an inside wall 3904, a movable dome 3901 that rises and falls to accommodate more or less volume, and/or other components. Inside the inside wall 3904 a filler 3905 is used to reduce the amount of space for storing heated water that would be difficult to access when the dome 3901 is at its minimum height as shown in FIG. 39c. FIG. 39a shows the housing in mid-range. FIG. 39b shows the oven near full extension. Between the inner wall 3904 and the outer wall 3902 a sealant 3903 similar to drilling mud, will be used to minimize the loss of energy through the crack between the inner wall 3904 and the moving dome 3901 and between the outer wall 3902 and the dome 3901. The hot water coming out of hydrothermal vents pipe 2802 is in one of three states. It can be hot water that is below its boiling point, it can be above its boiling point, or it can be at supercritical water.|[0167] When the energy storage unit 3900 is being used for storing energy in the form of hot water, the storage unit can be very large. The water inside the dome is likely to be only slightly less dense than the surrounding water. Small amounts of ballast and buoyancy can be added to relieve stress on the structure. A storage unit that is to contain energy in the form of steam or supercritical water will require a relatively heavy dome to contain the steam or supercritical water. The ballast requirements can be reduced by increasing the height to diameter ration of the dome. The domain of supercritical water 2503 is shown in the lower right hand corner of FIG. 2. In this state the liquid and vapor stages of water are indistinguishable, and the water takes on new properties including the loss of polarity, the ability to penetrate porous solids, and much faster oxidation. The density of the supercritical water will be about one-third of the water surrounding it. In nature supercritical water forms the black smoker type of hydrothermal vent. A storage unit for storing supercritical water will need a sufficiently heavy dome to keep the supercritical water compressed. The sealant 3903, fill 3905 and base 2703 will need to be configured to minimize energy loss due to the supercritical water's ability to penetrate porous solids. The structure and plumbing will need to be evaluated for corrosion failure since the supercritical water is a highly aggressive oxidant.|[0168] A common use of high pressure steam is to power steam turbines that drive generators for the production of electricity. FIG. 40 is a typical steam turbine set up. The high pressure steam for the turbines 4001 enters the system through pipe 3007 and passes through turbines 4001 with housings in cross-section on either side of entrance pipe 3007 causing turbines 4001 to turn shaft 4003. Shaft 4003 passes through bushings 4005 and drives the two electrical generators 4002. The steam that entered through pipe 3007 will exit through ducts 4004. The ability to safely store the energy at the bottom of the sea at high pressure and have it available on demand may help to commercialize the use of hydrothermal vent energy to provide electrical power. The electrical generator of FIG. 40 may provide electrical power for the electrolysis equipment of FIG. 49.|[0169] Large Scale Effort on Semisubmersible Platforms|[0170] The primary focus of the coalification process is to reduce the CO2 levels in the atmosphere by preventing organic carbon from reentering the atmosphere as CO2 which occurs with virtually all organic matter through combustion or consumption by microbes with both methods releasing the carbon as CO2 into the atmosphere. The anthropogenic carbon dioxide release as a result of burning fossil fuel is in the range of 36 Giga Ton (GT) to 40 GT a year.|[0171] The World Bank Group 2018 report “WHAT A WASTE 2.0” concluded that “the world generates 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste annually.” Some of the garbage is burned to produce energy for heating or the generation of electricity with its carbon released as atmospheric carbon dioxide. Some of it is too wet to burn and requires more energy to heat it up than it releases when it burns. If the carbon content of municipal garbage is 10% by weight and if half the World's municipal garbage could be processed into hydrochar, 1% of the World's annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions would be sequestered.|[0172] A study led by T. W. Crowther of Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies concluded that there are 3.04 Trillion trees over 10 cm (4″) diameter at breast height (DBH). Statistics on the amount of carbon stored in an “average tree” that dies and is not part of a harvest are not available. Tree's carbon density varies significantly form high density teak, to hardwood, to pines, to low density palm trees. While the average dying tree is an unknown; it could be a 100 year old conifer, with a 65 mm DBH, weighing over 3 metric tons and sequestering enough carbon to release 4 metric tons of CO2 into the atmosphere if burned or allowed to rot with consumption by microbes releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. There would be some 30.4 billion such “average trees” dying every year some of which will be harvested for construction or energy generation. If 30% of these conceptual “average trees” were processed through coalification, it would mean that over 9 billion trees would be processed per year, over 36 GT of CO2 would be kept out of the atmosphere, and the Earth would basically be carbon neutral. If the hydrothermal borehole vent ovens were able to handle the equivalent of 2500 “average trees” a day, the world would need 10,000 ovens in operation year round. These are rough estimates but point out that the atmospheric CO2 concentration could be controlled as described herein and that an operation capable of doing so would be huge.|[0173] FIG. 41 illustrates a large coalification processing center. It is a highly stable semisubmersible, similar to those used in the petroleum industry, configured to be moored at sea above an operating hydrothermal vent area. This type of platform commonly includes living facilities, life boats, navigation equipment and other amenities as well as items common to wharfs for the loading and unloading of ships. In some implementations, the semisubmersible platform may include four corner supports including float tank 4104, column 4105, ballast tank 4106, and/or other components. The four columns are connected with structural supports 4107. The platform floats with its waterlines 4111 at sea level 2607 under a wide range of conditions by adjusting the amount of ballast in the columns 4105 and ballast tanks 4106. The above water area of the semisubmersible 4110 includes a deck 4108 supported by structural supports 4107 and cranes 4105 mounted on the deck for moving cargo. One section of the upper platform 4110 has been left open 4109 for easy entrance of ships, barges, or rafts of organic matter that will be processed.|[0174] The lower section of 4100 is a hydrothermal borehole vent oven 4112 suspended from the semisubmersible by cables 4103. The hydrothermal oven as shown has four walls 4101 a porous grated bottom 4104, and a lid 4102 that is configured to open and close as needed. The oven 4112 also has a funnel shaped collector 3802 below the bottom grate 4104 configured to direct the hydrochar from the coalification process down pipe 3803 to the ocean floor. The heated water for the coalification process is coming up from the hydrothermal borehole vent in coaxial tube 2902 with the heated water 2706 going through the walls of the funnel 3802 to be released under the grate 4101. The return water 2705 for this configuration is coming from inside the funnel area.|[0175] FIG. 42 is a container 4200 with a heavy lid 4802 for moving floating logs or other material down to the hydrothermal oven 4112. The container has sides 4201, part of which have been cut away to show grating 4104 that makes up the bottom of the container. Both container 4201 and the heavy lids 4202 have lifting eyes 4203 for use with cranes 4105. Multiple containers will be making their way down to and up from hydrothermal vent platform of FIG. 41 at any given time. The containers can be loaded at the location where the transport ships pick up the load of logs or other organic matter with the heavy lids added by the cranes 4105 at the operating deck 4110.|[0176] FIG. 43 is a surface view of the operation portion of FIG. 41. A cargo ship 4301 unloads organic matter to the processing center 4110. The processing center 4010 has a corral 4304 made up of buoys and barriers 4342 and netting below the barriers to minimize the sinking of logs in the wrong place. The corral holds rafts or logs 4303 for later processing. The energy that powers the coalification processing center of FIG. 43 is a 24/7 operation. Having a storage area like the corral may maintain the efficiency of the operation. Log or bamboo rafts towed to the processing center 4110 will contain massive amounts organic matter to be processed. These rafts will be brought in to the processing center 4110 through the entrance 4109, and into the corral 4604 before or after being disassembled in the processing center 4110.|[0177] Log rafts have proven to be effective in moving large quantities of logs. Between 1906 and 1941, Benson's Saw Mill located in the Barrio Logan section of San Diego Calif. moved 120 large log rafts from the Columbia River in Oregon to San Diego, some 1000 miles by sea. The largest rafts contained 19,000 m3 of logs that if processed as described herein, into hydrochar, would sequester enough carbon to account for all of the anthropogenic CO2 generated in the US in a day.|[0178] FIG. 44 is an operational block diagram of the system described in FIG. 41, FIG. 42, and FIG. 43. The initial evaluation 4401 will divide the incoming organic matter into log processing 4402, municipal waste 4407, or other 4414. For log processing 4402 the logs will normally first go to Corral Storage 4403 and allowed the organic matter to take on water while waiting to be processed. The logs will then be loaded into an organic matter container 4404, if need be, and moved to the hydrothermal oven 4405. If a container or just the container weighted lid is used, it will be retrieved 4406 after the log processing is complete. Municipal waste 4407 may be better handled through the sea silos 4512 and hydrothermal ovens with restricted flow might be more appropriate for processing 4413. Municipal trash can be loaded into containers 4409 moved to the hydrothermal vent ovens 4410 for processing and the container retrieved 4411 when done.|[0179] There may be special cases like medical waste, drug seizures, high temperature plastics, were special handling 4414 and procedures 4415 are desirable. Also, there is organic matter that can be sunk or be pushed down to the bottom of the ocean where it can decompose without the emission of significant greenhouse gasses using the coalification process described herein. Unlike the organic material that has been through the coalification process, unprocessed organic matter may take hundreds of years to decay and is likely to releasing oil, combustible gases, or carbon dioxide during that process.|[0180] Rain Cloud Generation|[0181] FIG. 45 depicts a mid-altitude cloud generating system with two views of configuration 4500. The semisubmersible platform may be designed with four corner supports including float tank 4104, column 4105, ballast tank 4106, and/or other components. The four columns may be connected with structural supports 4107. The platform floats with its waterlines 4111 at sea level 2607 under a wide range of conditions by adjusting the amount of ballast in the columns 4105 and ballast tanks 4106. The platform has an upper deck 4505 and a submerged deck 4506. An extendible mast system may include multiple concentric masts 4501-4502-4503 with each mast stabilized near the top with four shrouds 4504. When needed, further mast supports including but not limited to spreaders, shrouds, and jack stays may be added. The extended mast system will typically be in the 1000 to 3000 foot range. The flow controls will be located near the deck 4505 with the incoming steam from 2704 likely to be coming from the evaporation controls of FIG. 30 to maximize the volume of water vaper from exhaust tube 4503. The typical pressure range at the bottom of the masts will be in the 5 pounds per square inch (psi) to 200 psi range. In FIG. 45 the return water going down to the borehole 2705 is coming from the oceans relatively warm surface water through tube 2703. The steam leaving the top of the mast will form rain clouds at an elevation were the prevailing winds are strong enough to move the clouds over the coastal mountains. The mountains are often associated with tectonic plate movement that also generates hydrothermal vent fields. Many places in the world include hydrothermal vent fields near a coast where mountains have been pushed up hindering rainclouds from moving inland with the prevailing winds including, but not limited to the west coasts of British Columbia, Canada; Washington, Oregon, and California in the USA; the Mexican states of Baha California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; as well as the entire Central American “Dry Corridor”. The collision of the tectonic plates causes the mountains on the continent to rise. The differential movement of the tectonic plates results in the irruption of hydrothermal vents when the magma fills in the gap between the shifting plates. While there are many locations were the system operation could be described perhaps the most interesting is the Middle East.|[0182] FIG. 46 depicts the Red Sea and the surrounding area. The Red Sea Rift 4601 connects Dead Sea Transform 4602 a rift in the Gulf of Aqaba and runs down the middle of the Red Sea. Seven hydrothermal vent fields 4603-4604-4605-4606-4607-4608 and 4609 have been discovered in the Red Sea and are listed in FIG. 47 along with the name of the field, the jurisdiction, the position, the depth, and the spreading rate. The Red Sea Rift is spreading NNE to SSW and the Saudi Arabian plate is twisting CCW at a tectonic plate rate. Research efforts over the last decade have resulted in detailed mapping of the Red Sea floor.|[0183] The Saudi Arabian land elevation in FIG. 46 below 1 km (3280 ft.) has a white background with black dots. There is a dashed line ( - - - ) 4613 running through this area that indicates 200 m (656 ft) above sea level with lower ground down toward the Red Sea in the west and the Arabian Sea in the east. Higher land is located between the dashed line 4613 and the higher elevations indicated by an area with checker board squares 4714. The elevation of the land in checker board squares 4714 is between 1 km (3280 ft.) and 2 km (6560 ft.). The black area with white dots 2315 is above 2 km.|[0184] FIG. 48 is the table of prevailing wind direction at various places in Saudi Arabia. The monitoring stations are for the most part, airports. The wind at airports is typically measured 30 feet off the ground. The position of three of the monitoring stations Wdijh 4610, Yenbo 4611, and Jeddah-KAIA 4612 are identified on FIG. 48 by their reference numbers. Yenbo 4611 reported the prevailing winds out of the west for all twelve months for the year, Jeddah 4612 for nine of the twelve months and Wdijh 4610 for six of the twelve months.|[0185] Referring to FIG. 46, there is a gap in the coastal mountains east of Wdijh 4610. Another gap east of the area between Yenbo 4611 and Jeddah 4612 roughly follows the Naid Fault Zone. These gaps would reduce the impedance for rainclouds developed over the Red Sea to be moved inland over the mountains eastwards by the prevailing westerly wind. The probability of locating magma dykes in the area of interest that could be tapped to supply the needed thermal energy for generating clouds is elevated by the proximity of hydrothermal vent fields 4603 through 4607.|[0186] Hot Superheated and Supercritical Water Electrolysis|[0187] FIG. 49 is a depiction of electrolysis equipment that is configured to process water at the bottom 2803 of the sea using water heated from the hydrothermal boreholes vent or natural vents supplied through pipes 2704 going down to the hydrothermal borehole vent and pipe 2802 out of the vent and into chamber 4901. The incoming water to the borehole heating unit through pipe 2703 is shown coming from local open water source but is likely to be coming from the electrolysis chamber 2701. The efficiency of electrolysis systems generally improve significantly if the water in the electrolysis chamber is above the critical point for water, temperature above 373.946° C. and pressure above 217.75 atmospheres.|[0188] The electrolysis chamber 4901 and storage tanks 4910-4911 are anchored to the sea floor 403 directly or through supports 2008. Chamber 4901 contains a separator 4902, anode 4904, and cathode 4903. Electrical power is fed into the chamber with positive polarity 4915 connected to anode 4904 and negative polarity connection 4914 connected to cathode 4903. The oxygen generated in electrolysis chamber 4901 near anode 4904 will exit the chamber through pipe 4905 for storage in tank 4911. The hydrogen generated near cathode 4903 will exit tank 4901 through pipe 4906 for storage in tank 4910. From tanks 4910-4911 the oxygen and hydrogen will be delivered to its point of use, normally above sea level, through pipes 4913 for the stored oxygen in tank 4911 and though pipe 4912 for the hydrogen stored in tank 4910.|[0189] The pressure in storage tanks 4910-4911 will be fairly constant with the volume being changed by the rise or fall of water level 4909 independently in the tanks. Storage tanks 4910-4911 and the electrolysis tank 2501 all have a connection to the ocean at the bottom of tank 4907. The vents 4907 facilitate increases and decreases in the amount of water in the tanks. It is expected that small amounts of char and/or tar will develop in the tanks during normal operation. The tubes 4907 will allow material that settles in the bottom of the tanks 4910-4911-4901 to leave the tanks.|[0190] Wind Powered Electric Power Generation at Sea|[0191] Electrolysis requiring electrical power can be done anyplace on the ocean. Supercritical water electrolysis as depicted in FIG. 49 occurs at depths of approximately 7000 feet or more below the ocean's surface. The ocean floor at those depths is generally a significant distance from land. Equipment can be operated in mid-ocean waters with mooring cables going out to several wide spread points on the ocean's floor. FIGS. 50-54 describe systems configured to supply electrical energy at sea by harnessing wind power.|[0192] FIG. 50 depicts the system fully deployed wind powered electrical generating system with a large spinnaker like sail 5001 funneling wind down to a wind tunnel 5200 with wind powered turbine electrical generators 5401. Barge 5101-5102 in FIG. 50 is connected to a mooring at buoy 5006 with the bow of the barge toward the mooring with bow line 5008 connecting the bow of the barge to buoy 5206. In View D-D of FIG. 50 the spinnaker is cross-sectioned along the area line () revealing the inside of the starboard half of the spinnaker. Normally at sea, there is not enough wind to continuously support a spinnaker of the size shown. The top part of spinnaker 5001 contains a balloon like enclosure 5002 that can be filled with enough hydrogen or helium to keep spinnaker 5001 aloft with no wind at all. A forestay 5007 is connected to the upper section of spinnaker 5001 and buoy 5007. Forestay 5007 and bow line 5008 and a line 5003 between the spinnaker pole 5004 and buoy 5006 as well as the possession of the spinnaker clew or corner and the end of the spinnaker pole 5004 are adjusted to control the shape of spinnaker 5001. There are two spinnaker poles 5004, one leading from the port side of the boat and the other from starboard side of the barge out to the corner or clew of the spinnaker with the outside of the spinnaker pole attached to a float 5005 that will prevent the outside ends of spinnaker pole 5004 from sinking in light or no wind. The floats 5005 and the outer end of the spinnaker poles 5004 are connected together. The spinnaker clews are connected to tracks on the spinnaker poles allowing the clews to move from the storage position to the end of the spinnaker poles. The outer ends of the spinnaker poles are connected to buoy 5006 by a rope or pole-guy 2603 that along with bow line 5008 will be adjusted to optimize the wind going through the wind tunnel of 5200.|[0193] Referring to FIGS. 51A-51B-51C, each depicts two view orthographic projections of a barge with hull 5101, hold 5102, masts 5103 and other equipment in various stages of deployment. FIG. 51a shows a configuration that would be used if the barge were in storage or at sea on a mooring riding out a severe storm or hurricane. All the deck equipment has been lowered into the barge hold 5102 and a hatch 5104 has been added to protect the wind tunnel egress. FIG. 51b depicts both the port and starboard masts 5103 being raised. The base of masts 5103 are mounted to the deck with a tabernacle which allows the masts to pivot at their base. A backstay 5106 has been added to prevent the top of the mast from moving forward. A halyard has been added between the top of the mast and the back of the wind tunnel which is stowed in the hold 5102. The hatch 5104 has been removed and some of the equipment 5107 in the wind tunnel assembly 5107 can be seen. FIG. 51c illustrates wind tunnel 5200 and associated equipment out of the hold 5102 and in the normal operation position. Spinnaker 5001 in this image is furled and stowed around the housing for the wind tunnel 5112. The wind tunnel has a back plate 5109 and a front plate 5110. Back plate 5109 is slightly larger than front plate 5110 with front plate 5109 fitting inside hold 5102 and back plate 5109 fitting over the lip of hold 5102, forming part of the hatch. The front section of the wind tunnel 5110 includes the entrance to the wind tunnel 5111. The erect wind tunnel is prevented from rotating further aft by forestays 5108.|[0194] FIG. 52 is a front and side view of the wind tunnel area with View E-E showing a partial cross-section of the wind tunnel. The spinnaker 5112 is still furled and stowed in the cross-sectioned of View E-E.|[0195] In FIG. 50 thru FIG. 54 the forward frame 5302 is located inside the wind tunnel has rows containing either five or four wind turbine electrical generators 5301 with the rows of four wind turbine generators located slightly aft of the rows of five to eliminated propeller interference. In the aft frame 5303 there are three rows of four wind turbine electrical generators 5301 and four rows of three wind turbine electrical generators with the rows of three slightly behind the rows of four generators to prevent propeller interference. In total, there are sixty wind turbine electrical generators 5301 shown in this assembly and in the wind tunnel. The wind tunnel can be designed so that it is circular with one or more larger concentric wind turbine electrical generators with a relatively small gap between the concentric rotor and the wall of the wind tunnel.|[0196] Furling the Spinnaker|[0197] The size of the spinnaker 5001 and the remoteness of typical operating venues make automated furling desirable. FIG. 54 depicts a furling or reefing system for spinnaker 5001. The system has reefing or furling cords 5401 woven into the fabric of the spinnaker 5001 shown in FIG. 54f. The furling lines 5401 are woven through grommets 5402 located in the fabric of the spinnaker 5001. The lines 5401 and fasteners can also be mounted on one, or the other, or both sides of the spinnaker. The end of the furling lines 5401 are secured to the spinnaker 5001 with a knot 5403 or fastener. For reefing the spinnaker, knots or fasteners can be added closer to the wind tunnel frame where the spinnaker is normally stowed 5112.|[0198] In the application shown in FIG. 54, the furling cords 5401 are divided into four groups. The group with the shortest cords have the end knot inside the area marked by area line 5404 (). The second group of furling lines 5401 are terminated 5403 inside the area line 5405, the third group is terminated inside of area line 5406, and the fourth group of furling lines is terminated near the edge of the spinnaker 5001.|[0199] Reefing of the spinnaker 5001 can be accomplished by partially or fully tightening the inside sets of lines 5401 by group tightening the lines inside 5404 first then those inside 5405, then the lines 5401 inside 5406. When furling the spinnaker, all the furling lines should be kept snug.|[0200] The furling or reefing lines 5401 from any one of the four groups of lines can be wound on the same spindle with that spindle turning until the that portion of the spinnaker is properly retracted. Differences in length for lines on the same spindle can be managed by modifying the diameter of the spindle so that all the lines on that spindle are fully retract about the same time.|[0201] FIG. 55 depicts a system 5500 configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents 5505. In some implementations, system 5500 includes one or more of a semisubmersible platform 5501 (which may be similar to the semisubmersibles shown in FIGS. 41-43), a transfer sub-system 5502 (which may be similar to the sea silos 1201-1301-1601 shown in FIGS. 12-13-16, or to the containers 400-500-4200 in FIGS. 4-5A-5B-42), a hydrothermal oven 5503 (which may be similar to the hydrothermal ovens 800-1100-1400-1900-2100-2200 shown in FIGS. 8-11-14-19-21-22), one or more pipes 5504 (which may be similar to tubes 2703-2704 or pipes 2802-2902 shown in FIGS. 28-38B-39-41), and/or other components. Semisubmersible platform 5501 may be configured to be moored at a body of water, such as an ocean. Transfer sub-system 5502 may be configured to transfer organic material from semisubmersible platform 5501 into hydrothermal oven 5503. Hydrothermal oven 5503 may be configured to coalify the organic material using at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water. One or more pipes 5504 may be configured to provide at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water from one or more hydrothermal borehole vents 5505, near ocean floor 5508, to hydrothermal oven 5503. In some implementations, system 550 may include a pressure generator.|[0202] FIG. 56 depicts a system 5600 configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents 5605 near ocean floor 5608. In some implementations, system 5600 includes one or more of a drill ship 5601 (which may be similar to drill ship 2601 shown in FIG. 26), a drill 5602 (which may be similar to the drilling equipment shown in FIG. 26), and a transfer sub-system 5607 (which may be similar to the sea silos 1201-1301-1601 shown in FIGS. 12-13-16, or to the containers 400-500-4200 in FIGS. 4-5A-5B-42). Drill ship 5601 may be configured to carry drill 5602. Drill 5602 may include drill shaft 5603 (which may be similar to drilling shaft 2603 shown in FIG. 26), drill bit 5604 (which may be similar to drill bit 2604 shown in FIG. 26), and/or other components. Transfer sub-system 5607 may be configured to transfer organic material from drill ship 5601, through drill shaft 5603, into hydrothermal borehole vent 5605 such that the organic material coalifies through hydro pyrolysis powered by hydrothermal borehole vent 5605. In some implementations, drill shaft 5603 of drill 5602 may operate as transfer sub-system 5607. In some implementations, transfer sub-system 5607 may include a conveyor belt (e.g., similar to conveyor 1206 shown in FIG. 12), a pressure generator, and/or other components. For example, transfer sub-system 5607 may be configured to use a pressure differential and/or gravity to move organic material downward.|[0203] FIG. 57 illustrates a method 5700 to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents, in accordance with one or more implementations. In some implementations, the organic material may include one or more of drugs, garbage, sewage, and/or other types of organic material. The operations of method 5700 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In some implementations, method 5700 may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method 5700 are illustrated in FIG. 57 and described below is not intended to be limiting.|[0204] At an operation 5702, one or more hydrothermal borehole vents are drilled in a floor of a body of water, such as an ocean floor. In some embodiments, operation 5702 is performed by a drill the same as or similar to drill 5602 (shown in FIG. 56 and described herein).|[0205] At an operation 5704, the organic material is delivered to a location on a surface of the body of water, wherein the location is above and/or near the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. In some embodiments, operation 5704 is performed by a cargo ship and/or a log raft the same as or similar to cargo ship 4301 (or another ship described in this disclosure) and/or log raft 300 (shown in FIG. 43 and FIG. 3 and described herein).|[0206] At an operation 5706, the organic material is transferred toward one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. At least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water provided by the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents coalifies the organic material through using hydro pyrolysis. The at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water has a temperature of at least 200° C. In some embodiments, operation 5706 is performed by a transfer sub-system the same as or similar to transfer sub-system 5502 and/or transfer sub-system 5607 (shown in FIG. 55 and FIG. 56 and described herein).|[0207] Although the present technology has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be the most practical and preferred implementations, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the technology is not limited to the disclosed implementations, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it is to be understood that the present technology contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any implementation can be combined with one or more features of any other implementation. | (US11794893)|FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0001] The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents.|BACKGROUND|[0002] Weather systems are known. Issues related to the effects of atmospheric greenhouse gasses are known, and increasingly alarming. Various processes to produce coal are known.|SUMMARY|[0003] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. The system may include one or more of a semisubmersible platform, a transfer sub-system, a hydrothermal oven, one or more pipes, and/or other components. The semisubmersible platform may be configured to be moored at a body of water, such as an ocean. The transfer sub-system may be configured to transfer the organic material from the semisubmersible platform into the hydrothermal oven. The hydrothermal oven may be configured to coalify the organic material in the hydrothermal oven using at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water.|[0004] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured to transfer organic material from a surface of a body of water to a depth of at least 200 meters below the surface of the body of water, such as an ocean. The system may include one or more of a tube having a length of at least 200 meters between a top end and a bottom end, one or more floating mechanisms configured to provide buoyancy to the tube, and/or other components.|[0005] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. The method may include drilling the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents on a floor of a body of water, such as an ocean. The method may include delivering the organic material to a location on a surface of the body of water, wherein the location is above and/or near the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. The method may include transferring the organic material towards the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents such that at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water provided by the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents coalifies the organic material through using hydro pyrolysis. The at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water may have a temperature of at least 200° C.|[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by hydrothermal borehole vents. The system may include one or more of a drill ship, a drill, a transfer sub-system, and/or other components. The drill ship may be configured to carry the drill. The drill may include a drill shaft and a drill bit. The transfer sub-system may be configured to transfer the organic material from the drill ship, through the drill shaft, into a hydrothermal borehole vent such that the organic material coalifies through hydro pyrolysis powered by the hydrothermal borehole vent.|[0007] As used herein, any association (or relation, or reflection, or indication, or correspondency) involving hydrothermal (borehole) vents, hydrothermal ovens, pipes, tubes, sea-silos, containers, and/or another entity or object that interacts with any part of the system and/or plays a part in the operation of the system, may be a one-to-one association, a one-to-many association, a many-to-one association, and/or a many-to-many association or “N”-to-“M” association (note that “N” and “M” may be different numbers greater than 1).|[0008] As used herein, the term “obtain” (and derivatives thereof) may include active and/or passive retrieval, determination, derivation, transfer, upload, download, submission, and/or exchange of information, and/or any combination thereof. As used herein, the term “effectuate” (and derivatives thereof) may include active and/or passive causation of any effect, both local and remote. As used herein, the term “determine” (and derivatives thereof) may include measure, calculate, compute, estimate, approximate, generate, and/or otherwise derive, and/or any combination thereof.|[0009] As used herein, the term “coupled” does not require direct attachment, but allows for one or more intermediary components between the coupled elements. As used herein, the term “connected” may suggest a direct attachment, but need not require a direct attachment unless specifically stated.|[0010] These and other features, and characteristics of the present technology, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. As used in the specification and in the claims, the singular form of “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.|(US11794893)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0011] FIG. 1—A map of the Earth 100 with the general location of the continents, major fault lines 111, and areas where hydrothermal vents fields 112 have been discovered.|[0012] FIG. 2—A chart 200 showing approximate variations in pressure 201 and water boiling point 203 associated with changes in depth 201. There is a difference between fresh water and salt water pressures and boiling point curves due to the higher density of salt water and compression of water at great depths. Water can achieve the supercritical state 203 at great depths and higher temperatures.|[0013] FIG. 3—Seaworthy log raft 300 similar to the one hundred and twenty log rafts supplied from Oregon's Columbia River to the Benson sawmill in San Diego between years 1906 and 1941. The larger rafts contained the carbon equivalent of 15.8M Ton of atmospheric CO2 that would be released to the atmosphere if the logs were allowed to degrade naturally over time on the Earth's surface rather than go through the coalification process as described herein.|[0014] FIG. 4—A disposable organic matter container 400 made from wood or other organic matter and configured to hold miscellaneous organic matter for the purpose of carbonization of the container and contents.|[0015] FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate a recoverable, reusable organic matter container 500 configured to sit in the area of a hydrothermal vent until the organic matter has been carbonized after which the remains can be retrieved along with the container or left on the bottom of the ocean when the container is retrieved.|[0016] FIG. 6—A mechanism 600 for waterlogging organic matter before being moved to a deep ocean hydrothermal vent field.|[0017] FIG. 7—A cross-section of a slow spreading hydrothermal vent ridge 700 typical of the ridges in the North Atlantic Ocean. A mooring 705 has been inserted into the ocean bottom with a cable 706 running up to a buoy floating above the hydrothermal vent field normally near the surface of the ocean.|[0018] FIG. 8—A high temperature) oven 800 sitting on top of a hydrothermal vent.|[0019] FIG. 9—A thermal reflector 900 over a hydrothermal vent field for increasing the average temperature of the water surrounding the vent and the subsequent rate of coalification of organic matter in the area.|[0020] FIG. 10—The cross-section of a fast spreading hydrothermal vent field with a configuration 1000 that includes stadium walls 1001 (supported by supports 1002) added to minimize the effect of volcanic activity moving organic matter in a vent field outside of the area used for coalification by violent volcanic activity in the vent field.|[0021] FIG. 11—A cross-section of a large oven for organic material coalification set on hydrothermal vents in a vent field on a fast spreading oceanic ridge with pressure relief vents 1103 to lessen the effect of violent volcanic activity on the oven.|[0022] FIG. 12—A small sea silo 1201 being filled by a boat having a conveyer 1206 to move waterlogged organic matter 1205 into the silo with the conveyer having plumbing for water or fluid organic matter to be pumped into the silo or to assist in moving the organic matter 1205 thorough the silo and down to the hydrothermal vent field 1207.|[0023] FIG. 13—Large sea silo with surface level entrance 1302 to accommodate floating organic matter like log rafts or bamboo rafts. The silo is capable of holding a large amount of organic matter while it is becoming waterlogged.|[0024] FIG. 14—A system where the flow of organic matter is directly into a high temperature oven on a fast spreading ocean ridge.|[0025] FIG. 15—A weight for compressing carbon after coalification into more dense forms of coal.|[0026] FIG. 16—A group of five sea silos mounted on the floor of the ocean.|[0027] FIG. 17—Sea silo controls including a shutoff valve 1700a, a flow control float valve 1700b and a flow control pusher 1700c for use when handling materials of concern or that tend to float back up the silos.|[0028] FIG. 18—A series of cross sectioned orthographic projections depicting a double hulled oil tanker being modified for use as a cover for a hydrothermal vent field.|[0029] FIG. 19—A cross section of a modified double hulled oil tanker and associated equipment being used as a cover for a hydrothermal vent field.|[0030] FIG. 20—A large barge configured for use in coalification on a hydrothermal vent site.|[0031] FIG. 21—A barge of FIG. 20 on the hydrothermal vent field.|[0032] FIG. 22—Multiple ovens used in series to process organic material through the coalification process.|[0033] FIG. 23—Block diagram of typical workflow for a hydrothermal vent coalification operation.|[0034] FIG. 24—A blimp configured to transport forest wood and litter from roadless areas to a river or road that can move the organic matter to the ocean and hydrothermal vent fields.|[0035] FIG. 25—A heavy lift blimp configuration with 6 smaller blimps in a frame with a piloted or unpiloted control blimp with an internal water ballast storage capacity.|[0036] FIG. 26 is a depiction of a drill ship commonly used by the petroleum industry for drilling oil wells, with a drill bit of the type commonly used to drill through rock.|[0037] FIGS. 27A-27B-27C illustrate cross-sectional drawings depicting the drilling of a bore hole 2702 (FIG. 27A), the addition of a liner 2703 (FIG. 27B), and the addition of an incoming water pipe 2704 (FIG. 27C).|[0038] FIG. 28 is a depiction of the pipes at the top of a borehole in cross-section where the heated water 2706 from the bore hole is exiting near the bottom of the ocean 2803 for use in that general area.|[0039] FIG. 29 is a crossover connection for a coaxial pipe in cross-section where the incoming water 2705 to the bore hole is on the outside of the coaxial pipe above the crossover connector 2901 with the outgoing heated water 2706 on the inside of the pipe. Below the crossover connector 2901, the water heated from the borehole 2706 is on the outside of the coaxial pipe and the incoming water 2705 is on the inside.|[0040] FIGS. 30A-30B illustrate cross-sections of ways to control the boiling point of water rising in the center of an insulated coaxial riser pipe. FIG. 30A depicts the introduction of colder water to reduce the tendency of the water to boil as the pressure decreases during the waters rise toward the surface of the ocean. FIG. 30B is a cross-section of a reservoir that would be located above FIG. 30A configured to stabilize the steam pressure inside riser pipe 2902 at or near the pressure of the surrounding water at that depth.|[0041] FIG. 31 is a hydrothermal vent oven shown in cross-section configured to operate on the sea floor at depths where the boiling point of water is high enough to produce significant amounts of oil and combustible gas when processing organic matter into hydrochar.|[0042] FIG. 32 is a hydrothermal vent oven in cross-section mounted well above the bottom of the ocean in an effort to decrease to production of oil and combustible gas generated in the hydrochar operation.|[0043] FIG. 33 is a two view orthographic projection of a double hulled oil tanker with View A-A in cross-section.|[0044] FIG. 34 is a three view orthographic projection with two views cross-sectioned of the oil tanker of FIG. 33 modified for use as a hydrothermal vent oven.|[0045] FIG. 35 is a three view orthographic projection of the hull in FIG. 34 loaded with organic matter.|[0046] FIG. 36 is a three view orthographic projection of a set of porous hatch covers for the modified hull of FIG. 35.|[0047] FIG. 37 is a three view orthographic projection of the loaded hull of FIG. 34 with the hatch covers securing the organic matter in the hull's hold.|[0048] FIG. 38a is a two view orthographic projection of the hull of FIG. 37 being rolled 90°, and in FIG. 38b the hull is rolled 180° coming to rest on a raised hydrothermal vent oven platform for processing the organic matter into hydrochar.|[0049] FIGS. 39A-39B-39C show cross-section views of a storage facility for storing hot, superheated, or supercritical water heated by the hydrothermal vents for later use. These facilities can be huge with buoyancy added to the dome to lower the pressure underneath the dome when filled with hot water.|[0050] FIG. 40 is a steam turbine driving a set of electrical generators, a typical application for high pressure steam coming from hydrothermal vents or a hot or supercritical water storage facility.|[0051] FIG. 41 is a semisubmersible that is suspending a top loading hydrothermal oven above the ocean floor for processing organic matter into hydrochar with the energy from hydrothermal vents.|[0052] FIG. 42 is a reusable container and cover for loading organic matter onto a hydro thermal vent oven of FIG. 38 or FIG. 41. The cover is weighted so that buoyant organic material like household plastics or logs that are not waterlogged, can be processed on the deep sea hydrothermal.|[0053] FIG. 43 is an operation at the sea surface supporting the coalification process. There is a ship at the semisubmersible platform of FIG. 43 unloading organic matter and a corral for floating logs or rafts of that are waiting to be processed.|[0054] FIG. 44 is a block diagram of typical operation of the equipment of FIG. 43.|[0055] FIGS. 45A-45B illustrate a semisubmersible set up to initiating rain clouds far above the ocean's surface for the purpose of providing rain to areas down wind of the initiation site.|[0056] FIG. 46 is a topographical map of Saudi Arabia showing major obstacles to the movement of clouds moving east from the Red Sea.|[0057] FIG. 47 is a table of known hydrothermal fields in the Red Sea.|[0058] FIG. 48 is a table of the prevailing winds across Saudi Arabia in the year 2016.|[0059] FIG. 49 is an electrolysis unit configured to operate on the seafloor. It has a high pressure storage unit for both hydrogen and oxygen operating at the pressure of the water surrounding the storage unit.|[0060] FIG. 50 is a wind powered electrical generating barge of the type needed to drive the electrolysis system of FIG. 49. A massive spinnaker is used to concentrate the winds energy.|[0061] FIGS. 51A-51B-51C illustrate three phases of operation for the wind to electricity barge of FIG. 50 with hatches battened down in FIG. 50A for storms or storage; masts up ready to lift wind turbines in FIG. 50B; and FIG. 50C with the wind tunnel raised from the barge's hold with the spinnaker 2712 still furled around the wind tunnel 2800.|[0062] FIG. 52 is two views: front and side of FIG. 51c with the wind tunnel in cross-section.|[0063] FIG. 53 depicts the wind tunnel identifying the location of sixty wind driven electrical turbines.|[0064] FIG. 54A-54B-54C-54D-54E-54F depict a furling system or components thereof for the spinnaker 2601 in various stages of deployment.|[0065] FIG. 55 illustrates a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents, in accordance with one or more implementations.|[0066] FIG. 56 illustrates a system configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by hydrothermal borehole vents, in accordance with one or more implementations.|[0067] FIG. 57 illustrates a method to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents, in accordance with one or more implementations.|(US11794893)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0068] The devices, systems, and methods described herein address the problem of an excess concentration of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, which is a side effect that occurred when the world industrialized and started consuming large quantities of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and gas) that stored carbon for millions of years that now has formed atmospheric greenhouse gasses. It is generally accepted that the release of greenhouse gasses has caused the earth to warm and is a major concern of most nations and the scientists who have studied the present situation. Prior to the industrial revolution, wood was used to warm the fires in homes, and charcoal made from wood was used when high temperatures were needed including the processing of pottery in early pottery kilns, then bronze during the Bronze Age, and iron during the Iron Age. The use of wood as a fuel is carbon neutral since the wood gets carbon from the air through photosynthesis. The most prevalent greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO2) with methane (CH4) in second place.|[0069] CO2 is a fertilizer for trees and other plants that take in the CO2 through photosynthesis, release oxygen, and store the carbon as organic matter in the plant. When the plants die and decompose, the microbes that consume the plants release CO2 back into the air. Coal seams that are being mined today were formed though the compacting of organic matter. Microbes that consume organic matter and release the CO2 back into the atmosphere did not exist or were not as prevalent, thereby allowing much of the dead organic matter to be processed through coalification.|[0070] By way of non-limiting example, some of this disclosure includes methods of achieving coalification of large quantities of organic matter including using the volcanic energy near hydrothermal vent fields to quickly decompose organic matter through hydro pyrolysis. The water near the bottom of the ocean is cold, typically less than 2° C., and oxygen deprived due to oxygens affinity to the warmer water nearer to the ocean's surface.|[0071] From a sizing standpoint, worldwide the amount of organic matter that would be needed to offset the consumption of fossil fuel is about 900 times the consumption rate of the Benson Sawmill operating in San Diego Calif. from 1906 to 1941.|[0072] The focus of this disclosure is to cause organic matter to decompose without generating CO2. It is similar to the process used for “coaling” where wood is stacked, and burned in a low oxygen environment to breakdown the wood's fibers and make charcoal as has been done by mankind for thousands of years.|[0073] While any organic material (vegetable or animal) can be used for this process, one area of focus is on trees due their abundance and ease of manipulating large quantities of carbon. The Trillion Tree planting effort worldwide will help but if the trees go through their normal life cycle, the sequestering of carbon will only be for a few hundred years if the trees are allowed to decay naturally. If the trees and other organic matter go through coalification, with the carbon stored at the bottom of the ocean, the carbon could be stored for a few hundred thousand years and the trees that are removed for coalification can be replaced with new trees that through photosynthesis will remove more carbon dioxide from the air.|[0074] Municipal dumps are a significant source of greenhouse gasses, particularly methane, from the decay of vegetable and animal organic matter. If the same material were processed through coalification, the associated air pollution would be abated as would the world's greenhouse gas problem. In intensely populated cities, the methods described herein may be less expensive than using landfills.|[0075] In most carbon capture and storage efforts, the emphasis has been on capturing and storing carbon dioxide CO2, not carbon. In the effort described here, the capturing of the carbon (not CO2) is accomplished by vegetation through photosynthesis. Virtually all organic matter cycles carbon between storage in organic matter and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb CO2, use the carbon to increase their size and mass, and release the oxygen into the air. Plants are at the bottom of the food chain for animals and the carbon from the plants builds animal bodies also. When the plants and animals die, they are consumed by microbes or fire both of which release the carbon back into the atmosphere as CO2. Every spring the atmospheric CO2 level starts to drop due to budding vegetation and every fall the CO2 level in the atmosphere increases due to an increase in rotting organic matter.|[0076] Nature's annual atmospheric CO2 flux is far greater than the annual increase in anthropogenic atmospheric CO2. It is cyclic and 180° out of phase between the northern and southern hemisphere with the northern hemisphere, which has about twice as much land area, dominating the cycle. Nature's CO2 emissions flux could be slowed down. Organic matter that holds the carbon for minutes to centuries can be turned into charcoal or char and stored in the Earth's soil or on the bottom of the ocean where eventually it could form a coal seam resulting in less atmospheric CO2 being released.|[0077] If all the world's anthropogenic garbage could be processed through systems and methods as described herein, it would make a small dent in the atmospheric CO2 level. If half the world's dead trees could be processed, the Earth would be carbon negative with atmospheric CO2 levels dropping without decreasing anthropogenic CO2 emissions.|[0078] Hydrothermal vents driven by volcanic energy are a naturally occurring phenomenon that occurs throughout the world. They are concentrated along the mid-ocean ridges where the Earth's tectonic plates collide, divide, or slide past each other. The water that boils out of the vents seeps into the earth perhaps hundreds of miles from the vent. From a processing standpoint, the lack of control of the energy released by naturally occurring hydrothermal vents makes it difficult to harness the energy for useful purposes.|[0079] This disclosure describes the construction of manmade hydrothermal vents (also referred to as hydrothermal borehole vents), methods of storing the energy extracted from these hydrothermal vents for later use, and applications for the stored energy. The basic premise for this is depicted in FIG. 2 where the relationship between the depth of the oceans' water, the pressure at that depth 2501, and the boiling point of water at that depth 2502 and the supercritical water area 2503 are plotted. One of the concepts described herein is to move organic matter to a place where it can be broken down without the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere and storing the resultant carbon where it can remain for eons.|[0080] A hydrothermal vent field 500 m (2000 feet) below the ocean's surface would support quick decomposition through hydro pyrolysis. Due to the water pressure, these fields have a water boiling point that will convert the organic matter to carbon through hydro pyrolysis in seconds to hours. The energy needed to accomplish this is stored in the 1200° C. magma chambers below the hydrothermal vent fields. The oceans' bottom away from the hydrothermal vent fields is an ideal place to store the carbon for eons.|[0081] Mid Ocean Ridges|[0082] FIG. 1 is a plot of the Earth showing the continents of North America 101, South America 113, Europe 102, Africa 114, Asia 104, Australia 105, Antarctica 106, as well as the Middle East 103 which is part of the Asian continent. In FIG. 1 the globe is divided by longitude lines every 30° with zero being in the middle, positive longitude lines on the right (East) and negative on the left (West). The Equator 107, the Tropic of Cancer 108 and the Tropic of Capricorn 109 are included.|[0083] The movement of the Earth's tectonic plates the continents ride upon creates two types of faults 111 in the Earth's 100 crust. There are subduction zones where one tectonic plate is sliding under another and faults where the tectonic plates are pulling apart. In FIG. 1, areas where spreading faults 112 have been identified by the star symbol. Mid Ocean Ridges have formed across the planet and are interconnected making them the longest mountain range in the world at just under 80,000 km (50,000 miles).|[0084] Submarine Hydrothermal Vents Fields|[0085] When the tectonic plates spread apart, magma from the core of the Earth comes up and fills the cracks between the continental plates. Natural hydrothermal vents form when water below the sea floor is heated to the boiling point or the supercritical water state. The temperature of the water below the vent is heated until it boils which occurs at different temperatures at different depths and near the temperatures indicated by curve 202 of FIG. 2. The increase in boiling temperature 202 with depth 201 is caused by the increase in pressure 201 with depth. It is a super pressure cooker reaching temperatures above 400° C. (750° F.) heated from energy released by the 1200° C. magma chambers below natural vents.|[0086] Suitable Organic Materials|[0087] Almost any organic material is suitable for the process described herein. If a way to get the organic matter to the processing centers can be found, coalification of the organic matter can take place. A primary focus for materials for coalification in the effort is trees and log rafts 300 (or bamboo rafts) of FIG. 3. Log rafts 300 with thousands of logs have been built where one raft processed into coal will sequester carbon equal to about 10 hours of worldwide CO2 emissions.|[0088] There are other organic materials that accumulates like fallen leaves, yard trimmings, or food waste. There is also industrial waste, material from deconstruction sites, and worn out car tires that could be processed. Some of the materials processed may use significantly higher decomposition temperatures than wood and will need to be taken to appropriate coalification site that can reach the higher temperatures needed for proper decomposition. Specific containers like, by way of non-limiting example, the containers of FIG. 4, FIGS. 5A-5B, and FIG. 42 may be needed to process some organic materials.|[0089] FIG. 14 illustrates a way of handling waste of specific concern. Solid municipal waste 1205 is being moved from the boat 1204 into the sea silo 1201 via the conveyer 1206. The conveyer 1206 also has a fluid capability where seawater and other fluids can be pumped into the sea silo 1201. Barge 1401 shown in cross-section contains sewer sludge 1402 that is being sucked into boat 1204 through tube 1403 and pumped into sea silo 1201. Organic matter that is difficult to breakdown will be held in oven 1100 long enough for the degradation to occur.|[0090] The term “plastics” includes materials composed of various elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and sulfur (C, H, O, N, Cl & S). Many plastics can be broken down at the temperatures that can be achieved at the submarine hydrothermal operation described herein.|[0091] Municipal waste could include hazardous chemicals that can be broken down at the correct vent water temperature if held for the proper time. For loads of organic matter that are or might have problems, control of the material is important and can be accomplished with a system like that shown in FIG. 14.|[0092] The controls on the system can be set up so that the material 1205 or material 1402 of concern is held in the oven 1100 at a temperature and for a time period that will assure the materials proper decomposition and avoids side effects.|[0093] For some materials to be processed through hydrothermal vent coalification the retrieval of the end product may be desirable. For such applications, the retrievable container similar to the examples shown in FIG. 5A-5B would be needed. FIG. 5B where the lid 502 is open may be normal for loading the container on land. When on a hydrothermal vent field (as depicted in FIG. 5B), the coalification will take place and the lifting eyes 503 will allow container 500 to be retrieved with or without the remains of the original content.|[0094] Waterlogging Organic Material|[0095] In order to get the material to the hydrothermal vent field for coalification, the material or the material plus the container must sink. Waterlogging is probably the easiest way to get material like wood or bamboo to sink. FIG. 6 shows two waterlogging setups 600, one with disposable container 400 of FIG. 4 and one with log raft 300 (also depicted in FIG. 3). In this system, moorings 603 are placed in the sea floor 602 and chain or line is connected to the package being waterlogged, i.e., cargo container 400 or log raft 300. The mooring line or chain is also connected to a buoy 604 on the water's surface 601. Changing the pressure on the items being waterlogged will allow the water to penetrate the cell walls and the gas in the cells to escape more easily. The tides in the open ocean are relatively small, about 2 feet compared to the tides near shore which are often greater than 6 foot and can reach 43 foot in the Bay of Fundy. Waterlogging is likely to occur faster near shore due to the increased tides and associated pressure variation on the material being waterlogged. If waterlogging were deemed not practical, a heavy container 500 can be used to move the organic material to the hydrothermal vent area. In some implementations, getting the material to sink sooner could include adding rocks or other dense matter to a log raft 300 or a containers 400-500. In some implementations, a raft may include holds for other organic material.|[0096] Moving Material to Coalification Centers|[0097] A primary source of organic material will be the world's forests. Many of the forests have large areas that are roadless and difficult to reach. FIG. 24 illustrates a configuration 2400 which includes a remotely piloted blimp 2401 with navigation lights 2402, a rudder 2403, ailerons 2404, a motor 2406 mounted to the blimp, propeller 2405, and/or other components. In some implementations, the blimp may have two water bags 2407 attached to it as well as a harness 2408 that includes logging straps 2409 that are tied around logs 2410 and other organic matter that needs to be transported out of a roadless or difficult to reach area to a river or road where the organic matter can be moved to the ocean and eventually to a coalification operation over a hydrothermal vent field.|[0098] In configuration 2400 the water bags 2407 are full and will be emptied to lessen the weight and allow the blimp to lift the logs and other organic matter 2410 off the ground. The blimp 2401 and logs and organic matter 2410 will be moved to the ocean or a river leading to the ocean, or a road where the logs and organic matter can be transported to the ocean. When the blimp and organic reach the transfer point, the water bags 2407 will be refilled and the logs and organic matter 2410 will be released. The blimp will head back to the roadless forested area and pick up another load.|[0099] Protecting blimps from storm damage may rely on hangars. Heavy lift blimps are of greater concern due to the size of the blimps and the availability of safe places to keep them in a storm. FIG. 25 illustrates a heavy lift configuration including multiple smaller blimps. In this configuration, blimp 2502 has a gondola 2503 with room for pilots and crew as well as a water ballast. It also has a frame 2501 configured to hold five of blimps 2401 similar to those used in configuration 2400.|[0100] In some implementations, the blimp may be an unmanned remotely operated or autonomous air vehicle operating in remote areas and at low altitudes. Moving a waterlogged log raft 300, a disposable container 400, or a reusable container 500 to the ocean from the shore or a river emptying into the ocean, to a coalification operation can be accomplished with ships and tub boats.|[0101] Moving the organic material from the oceans' surface down to the processing area which could be a mile or more below the surface of the ocean may need guidance. One way to accomplishing this is with guidance from surface ships maintaining a hold on the log raft as it sinks toward the targeted point on the oceans bottom using a mooring cable 706. A mooring 705 or anchor can be placed in the hydrothermal vent field with the mooring line 706 or anchor line used to control the position of log rafts and containers as they descend to the hydrothermal vent field. When the load attached to cable 706 for coalification is not to be retrieved in the near future, the connection to the cable may be accomplished with a fastener that will degrade and disintegrate over time or otherwise release once the load is in or near the desired position.|[0102] In some cases, it may be easier to use underwater unmanned vehicles either remotely piloted or operating autonomously to guide the material down to the vent field. Manned underwater vehicles could be used to guide the load to the hydrothermal vent field but that type of equipment may be expensive and cumbersome when attempting to work at some of the depths under consideration.|[0103] Sea Silos|[0104] FIG. 12 depicts a sea silo system 1200 that includes a sea silo 1201 (which includes a tube 1210 having a length of at least 200 meter between a top end and a bottom end), one or more floating mechanisms (e.g., float 1202, floats 1209, boat 1204, and/or other components configured to provide buoyancy to tube 1210), and/or other components. Tube 1210 is configured to extend from above the surface of the body of water (e.g., sea level 601) to a depth of at least 200 meters (or, in some cases, at least 500 meters) below the surface. Sea silos 1201 (in FIG. 12) and 1301 (in FIG. 13) may be configured to move organic matter down to the ocean floor. The lower parts of the silos are typically held over the hydrothermal vent fields or other desirable areas, e.g., with guys 1203 that connect the silos 1201 and 1301 to moorings 705. The top of the silo 1201 is held above sea level 601 by a float 1202 along with flotation support from floats 1209. The boat 1204, perhaps a municipal garbage barge, may offload its cargo, including organic matter 1205, into the top of silo 1201 using a conveyor 1206 that is fitted with water pipe used to pump water or fluid organic matter into the top of the silo 1201 to encourage the flow of the organic matter 1205 from the boat 1204 down the silo to the hydrothermal vent field near vent 1207 with its emission of boiling water 1208 generated by contact with the magma in the Earth's core below the vent. When the sea silos are moved to the vent sites, it will usually be done in sections with the sections being assembled while horizontal on the surface of the ocean 601. Following assembly some of the flotation or buoyancy will be removed allowing one end of the silo to sink. The floats 1209 will be arranged down the silo to minimize the stresses in the silo during the assembly process as well as the stresses associated with normal operation. In some implementations, one or more of the floating mechanisms may be controllable such that the buoyancy can change, e.g., as controlled by a user. In some implementations, tube 1210 may have a diameter ranging between 1 and 3 feet, or between 2 and 4 feet.|[0105] FIG. 13 depicts a sea silo system 1300 that includes a sea silo 1301 (which includes a tube 1312 having a length of at least 200 meter between a top end and a bottom end). Sea silo 1301 is a larger version of sea silo 1201. Sea silo system 1300 may include a float 1202 to keep the top above sea level 601 and guys 1203 between sea silo 1301 and a mooring 705 in the vent field near the vent 1308 with its boiling emissions 1309. Sea silo system 1300 may include a door 1302 at the top of sea silo 1301. This door opens to allow material to be hauled into sea silo 1301 that is floating at sea level 601. Next to sea silo 1301 is a cargo ship 1307 (partially shown in FIG. 13) that will be loading organic matter into the top of sea silo 1301. The organic matter 1310 has been waterlogged and is on the hydrothermal vent field in various stages of coalification. The organic matter loaded into sea silo 1301 may not be completely waterlogged. Tools like pusher 1311 and rod 1306 may be used to manipulate the floaters and get them out of the way of the sinkers. Also, impellers 1303 may be used to move the water in the sea silo. Motor 1304 will normally be above the water and connected to the propeller 1306 through shaft 1305. In some implementations, sea silo system 1200 or sea silo system 1300 may include a pressure generator configured to generate pressure that forces the organic material from the top end (of tube 1210 or tube 1312) towards and out of the bottom end of the tube. In some implementations, the pressure generator may include one or more of a pusher (e.g., pusher 1311), a rod (e.g., rod 1306, an impeller (e.g., impellers 1303), a motor (e.g., motor 1304), and/or other components. In some implementations, tube 1312 may have a diameter ranging between 20 and 40 feet, between 30 and 60 feet, about 50 feet, about 100 feet, and/or other dimensions.|[0106] The sea silos in configuration 1600 are mounted on the sea floor with multiple silos 1601 held in a group with supports 1602 and a floating deck 1605. The sea silos 1601 are held in place with guys 1203 that are connected to moorings 705. The organic material will enter through the top of one of the silos and start its journey through waterlogging and sinking down to the bottom of the silo. There the conditions including the heat from the hydrothermal vent will cause the organic matter to go through coalification. At the bottom of the silo the organic material going through coalification will build up. The mid ocean ridges where the hydrothermal vent fields are found are underwater mountains with a lot of relatively steep cliffs. If such a location is used for the sea silos, it might be centuries before the silos need to be moved. If the silos need to be moved for any reason including the buildup of carbonized material at its base, the floating deck 1605 and stress relieving floats 1203 can have the buoyancy to lift all five silos 1601 off the sea bottom by several hundred feet allowing the sea silos and associated equipment to be moved to a new location.|[0107] In some implementations, sea silos 1201-1301-1601 may be used in conjunction with hydrothermal vent thermal reflectors 900 to increase the rate of coalification of the incoming organic material. In some situations, the thermal reflectors 900 may be attached to the sea silos 1201-1301-1601.|[0108] Hydrothermal Vent Ovens|[0109] The deep sea hydrothermal vent ovens 800-1100-1400-1900-2100-2200 (shown in different figures) are set up directly over hydrothermal vents where the organic material is controlled through the coalification process and spends time in the hottest part of the chosen hydrothermal vent field. This may be a more expensive process than moving rafts of logs down to the bottom of the ocean and letting them go through coalification over time, with some organic matter taking many years. Some of the hydrothermal vent ovens will be subjected to destructive volcanic activity since they are directly over the vents, and this may have a negative effect on the useful lifetime of a hydrothermal vent oven, vent covers, and/or other components.|[0110] There are organic materials today that require incineration after use, such as hospital materials, illegal drug seizure, the destruction of unused or outdated drugs, unused explosives, invasive plant species, deconstruction materials or plastics that decompose at the deep sea pyrolysis temperatures. Sea silos (e.g., 1201-1301) at sites were these types of materials are being handled for coalification purposes may be equipped with a series of valve controls as illustrated in FIG. 17. The valve 1700a is shown in the open position 1701 and closed position 1702 with the valve vain 1703 closing by moving to the stops 1704 as indicated by arrow 1705. A directional flow control valve 1700b is shown with housing 1708 and flapper 1709 installed in the sea silo 1201. The flapper 1709 is configured to float and close as shown in 1707. When water is flowing downward, the valve will open as shown in 1706. This is done to, among other things, minimize the problem of organic material 1205 floating back up though sea silo 1201 and jamming up when the equipment is not in use. A silo plunger 1700c is shown, including a shaft 1715 and a valve plate 1714 with a number of flappers 1712 that block the openings in the plate 1714 when pushing down as indicated by directional arrow 1716 as shown in 1711. When pulling up on the shaft 1715 as shown in 1710, the valves open up allowing the water to flow thought the plate 1714.|[0111] Minimizing Heat Loss from a Large Hydrothermal Vent Field|[0112] The energy available from the Earth's core below the hydrothermal vent fields is truly impressive. There will be situations where a natural hydrothermal vent will not be able to keep up with the demand for the coalification process. The slow spreading North Atlantic Ridge could see a level of coalification activities that would exceed its thermal output capability. Modifying hydrothermal vent field by covering the field with a sturdy cover that can withstand most volcanic events and still be movable could minimize the effect of such demands on the system. The heat shield 901 in FIG. 9 may be configured to conserve heat.|[0113] Large Reusable Vent Covers|[0114] FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 illustrate the modification and use of a doubled hulled oil tanker 1800. View A-A, View B-B, and View C-C depict a hull 1801, a total of twelve oil storage tanks 1802, the ships superstructure 1803, and/or other components. In FIG. 18, view D-D illustrates a modified version of the same ship with the superstructure removed, the deck removed including the tops of the oil tanks, and the internal drive system removed as is normally done when scrapping a ship. View D-D illustrates the bulkheads or walls of the oil storage tanks 1804 that face other have been modified 1805 to accommodate the peaks of ridges when deployed as a cover for a hydrothermal vent field. Lifting eyes 1806 have been added to aid in maneuvering the hull when used as a hydrothermal vent field cover. The use of a double hulled ship in this application has an advantage in that there is a stagnant layer between the remaining outside oil tank 1802 bulkheads 1804 and the outside hull 1801. The gap between the hull 1801 and the oil tanks 1802 can be filled with material that has a lower thermal conductivity than water further improving the thermal insulation capability of the hydrothermal vent field cover. Sea silos 1201-1301-1601 can be used to supply organic material directly into the vent covers 1801-2001-2204 on the hydrothermal vent field.|[0115] FIG. 19 is a deployed version of a doubled hulled oil tanker similar to view D-D of FIG. 18, including a hydrothermal vent field with vents 701, rock core 702 and residue 703 on top of the rock core 702. Hull 1801 with modified internal tank bulkheads 1805 and lifting eyes 1803 is connected to a float 1901 via cables 1902. The top of float 1901 may be arranged fifty to one hundred feet below the sea surface 601 and may be connected to the surface buoy 604 by chain 605. The float 1901 will provide stability to the hydrothermal vent field cover including hull 1801 and modified internal bulkheads 1805 should the vents 701 erupt in a violent volcanic manner and shift the position of the hull 1801. The float 1901 may significantly reduce the displacement of a boat that can safely pick up the hull 1801 off the sea bed and move it to a new location. The modified oil tanker hull 1801 as shown in FIG. 19 can be moved up near the surface, filled with floating logs and other floating material and then lowered to the sea floor vent for the coalification of the hull's contents.|[0116] FIG. 20 is a barge configured for use as a transporter of organic material to the coalification site and to provide cover for the hydrothermal vent field. The barge may include a hull 2001 shown here as a double hull, two hatches 2003-2004 that open for filling the barge and open for discharging the contents at the coalification site, and/or other components. The barge can be lifted from the keel 2005 using lifting eyes 2006 as well as lifting points on the top of hull in configuration 2000 for use when bring the barge to the surface of the ocean after a coalification run or hauling it out of the water. In View A-A of FIG. 20 the hatches 2003-2004 are closed while in View B-B the hatches 2003-2004 are open.|[0117] Configuration 2000 of FIG. 20 has a bow section 2002 that serves several purposes. Bow section 2002 will make the transportation of the barge under tow or under its own power more efficient. Bow section 2002 is also an adjustable float where the displacement is modified by adding or removing water from an internal water reservoir. When the barge is being transported, the reservoir in 2002 would normally be empty.|[0118] FIG. 21 is a configuration where barge hull 2001 is inverted with hatches 2003-2004 open as in FIG. 20 View B-B and covering the hydrothermal vent field with vents 701 under hull 2001. The heat from the vents will be conserved in the water under the hull as opposed to streaming into the open ocean in an effort to speed up the coalification process. The bow section 2002 is functioning as a float near the surface 601 adding stability to the barge when moving the barge over the vent and when recovering from a violent volcanic event.|[0119] FIG. 22 is a cross-section of a multi-stage coalification oven configuration 2200 with three of the stages shown. The hydrothermal vent fields are generally located on mid-ocean ridges. Configuration 2200 has the input of organic matter 1205 at a high point 2201 of the system with the input for the organic matter 1205 making its way through interconnecting pipes 2203 in the direction of arrows 2202 passing through the oven housings 2204 and eventually reaching the end point 2205 where the processed organic matter will flow further down the mid-ocean ridge and down into a valley below where it will accumulate and complete the coalification process forming coal.|[0120] The ovens in configuration 2200 may include an outer shell 2204 mounted on supports 2206 that keep the oven shell above ridge 702 and over vents 701 and a perforated screen 2207 that surrounds hydrothermal vent 701 between ridge 702 and oven shell 2004. The ovens have funnels 2208 to encourage the high temperature water emitted by hydrothermal vents 701 to enter the processing ovens of configuration 2200 in the direction of arrow 2209. The heated vent water will also accumulate under housing 2204 of the processing oven in configuration 2200 and may be somewhat restricted by perforated screen 2207.|[0121] The thermal output levels associated with hydrothermal vents are known to very significantly. Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park is perhaps the best example of this. The configuration of FIG. 22 minimizes the effect of individual vent thermal variations throughput highs and lows by averaging the output of several vents as well as to hold the incoming organic material being processed for a longer period of time allowing for a more complete breakdown of the organic matter entering the system at 2201.|[0122] Coal Recovery|[0123] What remains of the organic material that successful completes the coalification process is coal (e.g., in the form of hydrochar). In some cases, the structure of the original trees or other plant may be preserved resulting in a relatively low density, like a piece of charcoal. The coal could be sucked up off the bottom of the ocean as-is, after coalification at the hydrothermal vent fields, dried, compacted, and used for fuel. It also could be compacted in or near the vent field with the use of heavy weight 1500 and used for fuel. The carbon residue resulting from the hydrothermal vent coalification process can also improve the soil used for crop production including reforestation, as a fuel, or in the manufacturer of materials having a carbon base.|[0124] Protection from Storms|[0125] Ocean storms, squalls, hurricanes, cyclones, are common on the high seas. Fortunately, these are surface phenomenon and have little effect on the hydrothermal vent fields or the deep oceans. During hurricanes, wavelengths of eight hundred feet and wave heights of one hundred feet can be reached. Water movement as a result of wave action is negligible half a wavelength below the wave or about 450 feet below the ocean's surface for the waves as described. Some of the surface equipment associated with the coalification process that would be difficult to remove when faced with a storm will often be configured to be submerged about 450 feet below the ocean's surface while tethered to a marker buoy on the surface. This will be done to avoid storm damage for large platforms described herein and the like.|[0126] Alternative Energy Sources|[0127] Hydrothermal vent fields are a very attractive location for coalification of organic matter because large quantities of organic matter can be processed, and because the resulting coal does not need to be removed. Waste heat from industrial processes or from land based volcanic activity can also be used for this purpose.|[0128] Alternative Coalification Sites|[0129] The process described herein has focused on the use of high pressure super-heated water for the coalification of organic matter. The process can be accomplished at or near atmospheric pressures if the oxygen is excluded from the processing effort. The use of nitrogen gas would prevent the formation of CO2 at the temperatures needed to breakdown organic compounds. High temperature steam can be used to breakdown organic compounds that do not react significantly with water molecules in a way that forms and releases CO2 or CH4. It is possible to achieve the needed water pressures to achieve the coalification goals using pumps or having a stand of water that has a vertical elevation of about one thousand six hundred feet. Across the world there are presently 11 skyscrapers that are taller enough to achieve that head of pressure and thousands of hills and mountains where this could be accomplished. The big island of Hawaii has both mountains that are tall enough and volcanic activity at the bottom that could supply the needed heat.|[0130] Inland Hydrothermal Vents|[0131] There are deep inland lakes that have thermal vents like Lake Ysyk in Kyrgyzstan that never freezes due to the geothermal activity. The coalification process, as described herein, is not limited to the oceans but rather to hydrothermal vents that are deep enough under water to raise the boiling point of the water to a temperature that will quickly degrade the incoming organic material.|[0132] Exemplary Operations|[0133] FIG. 23 is a block diagram 2200 of an exemplary operating sequence for a request for the coalification of organic material. The first column 2301 is the incoming request and response. The second column 2302 is an analysis of the incoming request. The weather on the high seas will sometimes cause delays. The incoming material must be from an approved source, and the customer must have the ability and desire to pay for the effort. If these basic needs are not met, the request will be rejected.|[0134] If the load is accepted, a plan 2303 will be worked out with the customer. Following that coalification 2304 will initiated and after completed, any reusable containers 2304 or desired residue 2304 will be scheduled for pickup by the customer. Billing 2305 for the effort will be done after the coalification is started and in most cases before the coalification of the incoming material is completed.|[0135] Drilling for Heat|[0136] Nature's submarine hydrothermal thermal vents are useful as an energy source as-is but could be improved. The volcanic energy is coming from magma below the hydrothermal vents. Drilling down below the hydrothermal vent fields to get closer to the energy source can be accomplished with common equipment like the drill ship 2601 of FIG. 26, including drilling tower 2602, drilling shaft 2603, drill bit 2604, and/or other components. The drill bit housing 2605 may hold grinding wheels 2606 that rotate and have teeth that grind through rock. When drilling, the housing 2605 and shaft 2603 rotate. When drilling a borehole 2702 through rock 2701 as shown in the cross-sectional drawing FIG. 27a, high pressure water is pumped through the shaft 2603 from the drillship 2601 to the drill bit 2604 where it exits the drill bit housing 2605 pushing ground up rock 301 fragments up and out of the borehole 2702 of FIG. 27a. The high flow rate of surface water associated with the drilling process will also cool the drill bit when drilling for the heat emitted from the magma chambers commonly located below hydrothermal vent fields.|[0137] Once the drill bit has reached the desired position, the drill bit and associated equipment may be withdrawn. A borehole liner 2703 is often added to support the walls of the borehole 2702 as shown in FIG. 27b and FIG. 27c. The configuration of FIG. 27c has a pipe 2704 added to facilitate the extraction of heat from the borehole 2702. Water may move down the pipe 2704 as indicated by directional arrow 2705, either mechanically propelled or through convection that occurs when the water heated in the borehole 2702 of FIG. 27c begins to rise as indicated by directional arrows 2706. The heat from the borehole walls may be transferred to the water: the water may expand, lowering its density, and start to rise. The output from the borehole 2706 can be in the form of hot water or steam or supercritical water. The state of the water 2706 can change as it rises due to changes in temperature and pressure of the water.|[0138] There are multiple sources possible for the water 2705 flowing down tube 2704 to the borehole. Water deep in the ocean is typically in the 2° C. to 4° C. range and a little warmer very near the hydrothermal vent fields. Water from active thermal vents is relatively hot but can be used as is as incoming water 2704 or mixed with cooler water prior to use. Water flowing 2705 down tube 2704 can come from the hydrothermal vent processing ovens of FIG. 31, 32, 38, 41, or the storage facility of FIG. 39.|[0139] The water 2705 flowing down tube 2704 can come from the surface of the ocean 2607 where it is normally warmer than the water at the bottom of the ocean. The surface water can be moved down to the borehole in a manner that will allow it to act as an insulating jacket for heated water coming out of the borehole in a coaxial configuration as described in FIG. 30a or FIG. 39a where it will take on heat from the hotter rising water and/or steam in the center of the coaxial pipe. Water coming from the surface is likely to include organic matter like municipal sewage and garbage that will be loaded into the pipe 2704 and processed into hydrochar while traveling through the borehole and processing equipment after going through the borehole. Surface water 2705 flowing down tube 2704 is likely water that has been used as coolant for energy processing operations before being loaded into tube 2704. When needed, water flowing 305 down tube 2704 can be assisted with pressure from the surface as is done with the drill shaft 2603 or with impellers located near the bottom of the ocean.|[0140] FIG. 28 is a cross-section of a hydrothermal vent output tube 2703 that terminates at endpoint 2801 near the ocean floor 2803 with the output 2706 from the tube 2703 directed through tube 2802. The incoming water 2705 is entering through tube 2704. The heated output water 2706 flowing through pipe 2802 is likely to be directed into an ocean bottom processing effort including but not limited to hydrothermal vent ovens 3101, 3802 energy storage unit 3900 or a rain cloud generating operation 4500 or an electrolysis processor 4900. The incoming water 2705 in tube 2704 could be coming from the same operation as the output 2706 resulting in an increase in the heat in the water 2706 leaving the borehole.|[0141] FIG. 29 is a crossover connector 2900 that moves the heated output water 2706 from the outside position in pipe 2703 containing heated water from the bore hole near the ocean floor 2803 and moves the egressing water to the inside position of the coaxial pipe 2903 above the crossover connector 2900. The incoming cooler water 2705 is moved from the outside position in pipe 2902 above the crossover connector to the inside position in pipe 2704 before or after entering the borehole.|[0142] The incoming water 2705 can come from many different sources as previously mentioned but when it comes from water near the exit of the heated water 306 it can increase the insolation capability of the coaxial plumbing configuration. The incoming water 2705 in the outside tube 2902 will be exposed to the heat escaping the hotter water 2706 in the inside coaxial tube. Since the temperature of the incoming water 305 has been increased, the temperature of the exiting water will be increased. This same principle can be applied to plumbing where the incoming water 2705 and the outgoing water 2706 is not configured coaxially but side-by-side in near vicinity or in a cluster with multiple entrances and egress riser tubes bundled and moving energy from one point to another.|[0143] When the hot water 2706 or steam 2706 or supercritical water 2706 is rising from the borehole, it is likely to change state. FIGS. 30a and 30b illustrates ways to control the change in state when needed to enhance a process. Referring to FIG. 30a, as the hot water 2706 is rising through the riser tube 2903 the pressure will decrease, and it is likely the water will begin to boil before it reaches its destination, which could be the surface of the ocean. The boiling point can be controlled by adding cool water 3004 to the hot water 2706 flow as shown in FIG. 30a where a hot water temperature controller 3001 has been added. There are two water input streams 3002 and 3003 for this version of the controller. One input is from water 3003 surrounding the device and the other input water 3002 is from the incoming water 2705 heading down to the bore hole. If the hot water 2706 starts boiling 3005, the cooler water 3004 mixing with the hotter water 2706 will reduce the waters 2706 temperature and the waters 2706 tendency to boil 3006 or eliminate the boiling entirely. Optimizing the systems performance may result with several controllers 3001 being added to the coaxial tube 3000a to maintain control of the flow rate of the hot water 2706.|[0144] In the configurations of FIG. 30 the conservation of energy in the coaxial configuration has been improved with the addition of insulation 3007 being added to the internal coaxial tube 2903. Also, insulation 3008 may be added to the external coaxial tube 2902.|[0145] Near the bottom of the ocean, the water entering the controller 3001 through the local input 3003 could be as cold as 2° C. or 3° C. If the incoming water 2705 is surface water, it is likely to enter the outside coaxial tube 2902 near 20° C. and take on heat from the hot water 2706 in the riser tube 2903 increasing the temperature of the incoming water stream 2705. At the location of the controller, the incoming water 2705 entering the controller at the controller input 3002 could be above 100° C. If the goal of the system is to generate rain clouds as described in the system associated with FIG. 45 and maximizing the amount of water blown into the air is desirable, warmer incoming water through controller input 3002 would support that goal with more hot water 2706 moving through the riser tube 2903.|[0146] Referring to FIG. 30b, the steam output pressure may be addressed. The reservoir 3009 has been added to provide room for the water to boil. Referring to the system of FIG. 45, if the cloud generating process can be optimized with steam from the hydrothermal vent system at 100 psig, the configuration of FIG. 30b can accomplish that efficiently. The evaporation tank 3009 would be set up such that the evaporation line 3010 will be 80 m (262 ft.) below the water's surface 2607. Below the evaporation line 3010 the expansion chamber 3009 will contain boiling water 3011 and above the evaporation line, the chamber will contain pressurized steam. For the stated conditions, the water temperature for the hot water 2706 entering the chamber is controlled at 170° C. (338° F.) with controllers 3001 located below the expansion tank. When the hot water 2706 enters the chamber, it will boil until the pressure in the chamber reaches 100 psig and then stop boiling since the pressure will have raised the boiling point to 170° C. The pressure above the evaporation line 3010 would typically be controlled at the surface and adjusted to meet the system needs. The chamber of FIG. 30b can be configured to minimize problems associated with steam hammers with properly designed expansion and contraction capabilities.|[0147] Managing Combustible Gas and Oil Byproducts|[0148] As the coalification process is done at deeper depths and higher temperatures the output will change. At shallower depths, the organic matter being produced will be mostly hydrochar, a form of coal that can be left on the sea floor for centuries where it may turn into coal seams. Coalification operations located 2.5 km or more below the sea surface could be operating at 400° C. At that temperature and depth the products will be hydrochar and will include oil that resembles sweet crude petroleum as well as one or more of methane, ethane, propane, and other combustible gasses. The oil and combustible gas generated during high temperature coalification need to be managed.|[0149] Referring to FIG. 31, a hydrothermal vent oven 3101 is sitting on the ocean floor 2803 set up for coalification under high temperature high pressure conditions. The oven may receive organic matter, garbage, sewerage from the sea silo 3102. The P trap 3108 at the bottom of the sea silo 3102 may prevent the oil and combustible gas produced during the coalification process from traveling back up the sea silo 3102 to the surface of the ocean where the sea silo 3102 is loaded with organic matter.|[0150] The solid hydrochar 3103 resulting from the process will collect in the bottom of the oven 3101 and move slowly out the hydrochar exit 3104 and down the side of the mid-ocean ridge where the hydrothermal vent fields are often found. The oven may be heated with the output from hydrothermal vents through tubing 2704 and 2802. In this application the input the hydrothermal vent borehole operation 2703 is coming from inside the hydrothermal vent oven 3101 rather than the surrounding water.|[0151] A reservoir 3106 may be connected to the top of the hydrothermal oven 3101 by a tube 3105. The reservoir 3106 is positioned to collect and cool the oil and combustible gas before proceeding up through riser pipe 3107 to the surface for use or disposal.|[0152] Elevated Coalification Platforms|[0153] Minimizing the problem associated with combustible gas and oil generated in favor of solid char during the coalification process can be accomplished by raising the hydrothermal vent processing oven up off the bottom of ocean and/or lowering the temperature of the water heating the oven. In FIG. 28 the oven may be lifted well off the sea floor and the input to the borehole 2703 is from the open ocean rather than the hydrothermal vent oven. The sea silo 3203 input to the hydrothermal vent oven 2803 may not require a P trap 3108. The exit 3104 for the hydrochar 3003 has been extended down near the sea floor. Beam 3202 is one continuous straight leg of the support structure 3201 added here to show prospective to the hydrothermal vent oven 3101 elevation above the ocean floor 2803.|[0154] High Volume Coalification Processing|[0155] FIG. 33 is a typical two-dimension orthographic projection of a doubled hulled oil tanker similar to that of FIG. 18a. There are about 7400 oil tankers operating worldwide. The normal life of a tanker is about 15 years. After that ships need to be refurbished or scrapped. Several hundred tankers are scrapped every year. Scrapping a ship in the EU is expensive and accidental groundings during a moon high tide in Bangladesh or Indonesia are sometimes the final voyage of such vessels with the vessels being scrapped on the beach after grounding.|[0156] FIG. 34 is a three-dimensional view orthographic projection of a double hull tanker of 3300 with the side View B-B and front View C-C cross-sectioned hull 3301 that has been modified for use as a hydrothermal vent oven. The superstructure 3302 has been removed as well as the deck and the bulkheads 3401 separating the oil storage tanks similar to FIG. 18b. The areas between the hulls can be stuffed with insulation, e.g., material that has a lower thermal conductivity than sea water, when being used as a hydrothermal vent oven.|[0157] FIG. 35 is the hull 3400 cross-sectioned as shown in FIG. 34 that has been loaded with organic matter. The organic matter 3501 loaded into the stern of the hull 3301 includes municipal garbage, forest litter and other organic matter in reusable or degradable organic containers 3503 for processing in the hydrothermal vent oven. The forward compartments may be loaded with logs.|[0158] FIG. 36 is a three-dimensional view of the grates used as hatch covers for the loaded hull 3500. The hatch cover grates will be sized to allow the hydrochar to pass through grate and head down toward the ocean floor while keeping the unprocessed material in the hull 3601. Some of the material processed in the hydrothermal vent ovens, including tree trunks, are likely to form a carbon skeletons of their former self. These can be broken up with high pressure water driven into the hulls or hydraulic pressure plates that will push the processed matter through the grates. The hatch cover grates 3601 are configured to function with municipal waste and forest litter while hatch covers 3602 are sturdier and configured to operate with trees or other organic matter where the remaining carbon skeletons will likely be crushed.|[0159] FIG. 37 is the three view orthographic projection of a modified tanker hull loaded with organic matter, with hatch covers in place. The hull is cross-sectioned as was done in FIG. 35. At this point the hull can be towed to the hydrothermal vent, and submerged.|[0160] FIG. 38a is a two view orthographic projection 3800a of the tanker hull loaded with organic matter 3700 and rolled over 90° on the way down to hydrothermal oven processing center 3800b. |[0161] FIG. 38b is a raised hydrothermal vent oven platform 3801 configured to support a hydrothermal vent oven. In configuration 3700, the hull is rotated 180° and is now resting with the hatches 3600 facing down. The interface between the hydrothermal vent oven 1300 and the oven platform 3701 is not shown but normally a grate similar to 4104 or 3602 would be used. The oven platform 3801 is supported above the bottom of the ocean by legs 3804. This may be done to reduce the amount of oil or combustible gas that is generated. It also makes it easier to retrieve the reusable hydrothermal oven parts 3400-3600-3700 for processing more loads of organic material. Under the platform is a funnel device 3702 configured to direct the char that results from this operation into a tube 3803 that will release the char near the ocean floor.|[0162] The energy for processing the organic material in the hydrothermal vent oven 3700 is derived from eight coaxial borehole riser tubes 2704 with the hot water tube 2802 mounted through the funnel 3802 walls and released into the hydrothermal vent oven 3700 through the grates 3600. The water for entering the coaxial riser tube through tube 2703 is shown coming from the surrounding waters but could be coming from the heated water in the hydro thermal vent oven 3700.|[0163] Storing Hydrothermal Energy|[0164] FIG. 39 is a hydrothermal vent hot water storage unit 3900. The storage unit is configured to store the output of natural hydrothermal vents or borehole hydrothermal vents. As shown, there are two borehole energy supplies located outside the borehole each including a coaxial riser pipe 2704 coming up from a bore hole in the ocean floor 2703 and an incoming water supply going down to the borehole 2703. The incoming water to the bore hole is being supplied from a coaxial riser pipe 3008 with the water from the outside pipe 2902 supplying warm water to borehole input 2703. The output from these two external high temperature water sources is fed into the chamber through pipe 2702. These sources supply the water inside the chamber.|[0165] A third borehole hydrothermal vent heat source inside the storage unit with the tube 2704 may be connected to a bore hole, with the hot water from the bore hole exiting pipe 2802 inside the storage chamber. The input to the borehole hydrothermal vent may come from inside the storage unit. This heat source recirculates the water in the storage unit through the hydrothermal vent bore hole keeping the stored water hot. The output of the energy storage unit is through tube 2906 that has insulation 3007 and is the center pipe in a coaxial configuration which includes pipe 2902 and its insulation 3008.|[0166] The housing for the hydrothermal energy storage 3901-3902-3904 are shown in cross-section and may include an outside wall 3902, an inside wall 3904, a movable dome 3901 that rises and falls to accommodate more or less volume, and/or other components. Inside the inside wall 3904 a filler 3905 is used to reduce the amount of space for storing heated water that would be difficult to access when the dome 3901 is at its minimum height as shown in FIG. 39c. FIG. 39a shows the housing in mid-range. FIG. 39b shows the oven near full extension. Between the inner wall 3904 and the outer wall 3902 a sealant 3903 similar to drilling mud, will be used to minimize the loss of energy through the crack between the inner wall 3904 and the moving dome 3901 and between the outer wall 3902 and the dome 3901. The hot water coming out of hydrothermal vents pipe 2802 is in one of three states. It can be hot water that is below its boiling point, it can be above its boiling point, or it can be at supercritical water.|[0167] When the energy storage unit 3900 is being used for storing energy in the form of hot water, the storage unit can be very large. The water inside the dome is likely to be only slightly less dense than the surrounding water. Small amounts of ballast and buoyancy can be added to relieve stress on the structure. A storage unit that is to contain energy in the form of steam or supercritical water will require a relatively heavy dome to contain the steam or supercritical water. The ballast requirements can be reduced by increasing the height to diameter ration of the dome. The domain of supercritical water 2503 is shown in the lower right hand corner of FIG. 2. In this state the liquid and vapor stages of water are indistinguishable, and the water takes on new properties including the loss of polarity, the ability to penetrate porous solids, and much faster oxidation. The density of the supercritical water will be about one-third of the water surrounding it. In nature supercritical water forms the black smoker type of hydrothermal vent. A storage unit for storing supercritical water will need a sufficiently heavy dome to keep the supercritical water compressed. The sealant 3903, fill 3905 and base 2703 will need to be configured to minimize energy loss due to the supercritical water's ability to penetrate porous solids. The structure and plumbing will need to be evaluated for corrosion failure since the supercritical water is a highly aggressive oxidant.|[0168] A common use of high pressure steam is to power steam turbines that drive generators for the production of electricity. FIG. 40 is a typical steam turbine set up. The high pressure steam for the turbines 4001 enters the system through pipe 3007 and passes through turbines 4001 with housings in cross-section on either side of entrance pipe 3007 causing turbines 4001 to turn shaft 4003. Shaft 4003 passes through bushings 4005 and drives the two electrical generators 4002. The steam that entered through pipe 3007 will exit through ducts 4004. The ability to safely store the energy at the bottom of the sea at high pressure and have it available on demand may help to commercialize the use of hydrothermal vent energy to provide electrical power. The electrical generator of FIG. 40 may provide electrical power for the electrolysis equipment of FIG. 49.|[0169] Large Scale Effort on Semisubmersible Platforms|[0170] The primary focus of the coalification process is to reduce the CO2 levels in the atmosphere by preventing organic carbon from reentering the atmosphere as CO2 which occurs with virtually all organic matter through combustion or consumption by microbes with both methods releasing the carbon as CO2 into the atmosphere. The anthropogenic carbon dioxide release as a result of burning fossil fuel is in the range of 36 Giga Ton (GT) to 40 GT a year.|[0171] The World Bank Group 2018 report “WHAT A WASTE 2.0” concluded that “the world generates 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste annually.” Some of the garbage is burned to produce energy for heating or the generation of electricity with its carbon released as atmospheric carbon dioxide. Some of it is too wet to burn and requires more energy to heat it up than it releases when it burns. If the carbon content of municipal garbage is 10% by weight and if half the World's municipal garbage could be processed into hydrochar, 1% of the World's annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions would be sequestered.|[0172] A study led by T. W. Crowther of Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies concluded that there are 3.04 Trillion trees over 10 cm (4″) diameter at breast height (DBH). Statistics on the amount of carbon stored in an “average tree” that dies and is not part of a harvest are not available. Tree's carbon density varies significantly form high density teak, to hardwood, to pines, to low density palm trees. While the average dying tree is an unknown; it could be a 100 year old conifer, with a 65 mm DBH, weighing over 3 metric tons and sequestering enough carbon to release 4 metric tons of CO2 into the atmosphere if burned or allowed to rot with consumption by microbes releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. There would be some 30.4 billion such “average trees” dying every year some of which will be harvested for construction or energy generation. If 30% of these conceptual “average trees” were processed through coalification, it would mean that over 9 billion trees would be processed per year, over 36 GT of CO2 would be kept out of the atmosphere, and the Earth would basically be carbon neutral. If the hydrothermal borehole vent ovens were able to handle the equivalent of 2500 “average trees” a day, the world would need 10,000 ovens in operation year round. These are rough estimates but point out that the atmospheric CO2 concentration could be controlled as described herein and that an operation capable of doing so would be huge.|[0173] FIG. 41 illustrates a large coalification processing center. It is a highly stable semisubmersible, similar to those used in the petroleum industry, configured to be moored at sea above an operating hydrothermal vent area. This type of platform commonly includes living facilities, life boats, navigation equipment and other amenities as well as items common to wharfs for the loading and unloading of ships. In some implementations, the semisubmersible platform may include four corner supports including float tank 4104, column 4105, ballast tank 4106, and/or other components. The four columns are connected with structural supports 4107. The platform floats with its waterlines 4111 at sea level 2607 under a wide range of conditions by adjusting the amount of ballast in the columns 4105 and ballast tanks 4106. The above water area of the semisubmersible 4110 includes a deck 4108 supported by structural supports 4107 and cranes 4105 mounted on the deck for moving cargo. One section of the upper platform 4110 has been left open 4109 for easy entrance of ships, barges, or rafts of organic matter that will be processed.|[0174] The lower section of 4100 is a hydrothermal borehole vent oven 4112 suspended from the semisubmersible by cables 4103. The hydrothermal oven as shown has four walls 4101 a porous grated bottom 4104, and a lid 4102 that is configured to open and close as needed. The oven 4112 also has a funnel shaped collector 3802 below the bottom grate 4104 configured to direct the hydrochar from the coalification process down pipe 3803 to the ocean floor. The heated water for the coalification process is coming up from the hydrothermal borehole vent in coaxial tube 2902 with the heated water 2706 going through the walls of the funnel 3802 to be released under the grate 4101. The return water 2705 for this configuration is coming from inside the funnel area.|[0175] FIG. 42 is a container 4200 with a heavy lid 4802 for moving floating logs or other material down to the hydrothermal oven 4112. The container has sides 4201, part of which have been cut away to show grating 4104 that makes up the bottom of the container. Both container 4201 and the heavy lids 4202 have lifting eyes 4203 for use with cranes 4105. Multiple containers will be making their way down to and up from hydrothermal vent platform of FIG. 41 at any given time. The containers can be loaded at the location where the transport ships pick up the load of logs or other organic matter with the heavy lids added by the cranes 4105 at the operating deck 4110.|[0176] FIG. 43 is a surface view of the operation portion of FIG. 41. A cargo ship 4301 unloads organic matter to the processing center 4110. The processing center 4010 has a corral 4304 made up of buoys and barriers 4342 and netting below the barriers to minimize the sinking of logs in the wrong place. The corral holds rafts or logs 4303 for later processing. The energy that powers the coalification processing center of FIG. 43 is a 24/7 operation. Having a storage area like the corral may maintain the efficiency of the operation. Log or bamboo rafts towed to the processing center 4110 will contain massive amounts organic matter to be processed. These rafts will be brought in to the processing center 4110 through the entrance 4109, and into the corral 4604 before or after being disassembled in the processing center 4110.|[0177] Log rafts have proven to be effective in moving large quantities of logs. Between 1906 and 1941, Benson's Saw Mill located in the Barrio Logan section of San Diego Calif. moved 120 large log rafts from the Columbia River in Oregon to San Diego, some 1000 miles by sea. The largest rafts contained 19,000 m3 of logs that if processed as described herein, into hydrochar, would sequester enough carbon to account for all of the anthropogenic CO2 generated in the US in a day.|[0178] FIG. 44 is an operational block diagram of the system described in FIG. 41, FIG. 42, and FIG. 43. The initial evaluation 4401 will divide the incoming organic matter into log processing 4402, municipal waste 4407, or other 4414. For log processing 4402 the logs will normally first go to Corral Storage 4403 and allowed the organic matter to take on water while waiting to be processed. The logs will then be loaded into an organic matter container 4404, if need be, and moved to the hydrothermal oven 4405. If a container or just the container weighted lid is used, it will be retrieved 4406 after the log processing is complete. Municipal waste 4407 may be better handled through the sea silos 4512 and hydrothermal ovens with restricted flow might be more appropriate for processing 4413. Municipal trash can be loaded into containers 4409 moved to the hydrothermal vent ovens 4410 for processing and the container retrieved 4411 when done.|[0179] There may be special cases like medical waste, drug seizures, high temperature plastics, were special handling 4414 and procedures 4415 are desirable. Also, there is organic matter that can be sunk or be pushed down to the bottom of the ocean where it can decompose without the emission of significant greenhouse gasses using the coalification process described herein. Unlike the organic material that has been through the coalification process, unprocessed organic matter may take hundreds of years to decay and is likely to releasing oil, combustible gases, or carbon dioxide during that process.|[0180] Rain Cloud Generation|[0181] FIG. 45 depicts a mid-altitude cloud generating system with two views of configuration 4500. The semisubmersible platform may be designed with four corner supports including float tank 4104, column 4105, ballast tank 4106, and/or other components. The four columns may be connected with structural supports 4107. The platform floats with its waterlines 4111 at sea level 2607 under a wide range of conditions by adjusting the amount of ballast in the columns 4105 and ballast tanks 4106. The platform has an upper deck 4505 and a submerged deck 4506. An extendible mast system may include multiple concentric masts 4501-4502-4503 with each mast stabilized near the top with four shrouds 4504. When needed, further mast supports including but not limited to spreaders, shrouds, and jack stays may be added. The extended mast system will typically be in the 1000 to 3000 foot range. The flow controls will be located near the deck 4505 with the incoming steam from 2704 likely to be coming from the evaporation controls of FIG. 30 to maximize the volume of water vaper from exhaust tube 4503. The typical pressure range at the bottom of the masts will be in the 5 pounds per square inch (psi) to 200 psi range. In FIG. 45 the return water going down to the borehole 2705 is coming from the oceans relatively warm surface water through tube 2703. The steam leaving the top of the mast will form rain clouds at an elevation were the prevailing winds are strong enough to move the clouds over the coastal mountains. The mountains are often associated with tectonic plate movement that also generates hydrothermal vent fields. Many places in the world include hydrothermal vent fields near a coast where mountains have been pushed up hindering rainclouds from moving inland with the prevailing winds including, but not limited to the west coasts of British Columbia, Canada; Washington, Oregon, and California in the USA; the Mexican states of Baha California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; as well as the entire Central American “Dry Corridor”. The collision of the tectonic plates causes the mountains on the continent to rise. The differential movement of the tectonic plates results in the irruption of hydrothermal vents when the magma fills in the gap between the shifting plates. While there are many locations were the system operation could be described perhaps the most interesting is the Middle East.|[0182] FIG. 46 depicts the Red Sea and the surrounding area. The Red Sea Rift 4601 connects Dead Sea Transform 4602 a rift in the Gulf of Aqaba and runs down the middle of the Red Sea. Seven hydrothermal vent fields 4603-4604-4605-4606-4607-4608 and 4609 have been discovered in the Red Sea and are listed in FIG. 47 along with the name of the field, the jurisdiction, the position, the depth, and the spreading rate. The Red Sea Rift is spreading NNE to SSW and the Saudi Arabian plate is twisting CCW at a tectonic plate rate. Research efforts over the last decade have resulted in detailed mapping of the Red Sea floor.|[0183] The Saudi Arabian land elevation in FIG. 46 below 1 km (3280 ft.) has a white background with black dots. There is a dashed line ( - - - ) 4613 running through this area that indicates 200 m (656 ft) above sea level with lower ground down toward the Red Sea in the west and the Arabian Sea in the east. Higher land is located between the dashed line 4613 and the higher elevations indicated by an area with checker board squares 4714. The elevation of the land in checker board squares 4714 is between 1 km (3280 ft.) and 2 km (6560 ft.). The black area with white dots 2315 is above 2 km.|[0184] FIG. 48 is the table of prevailing wind direction at various places in Saudi Arabia. The monitoring stations are for the most part, airports. The wind at airports is typically measured 30 feet off the ground. The position of three of the monitoring stations Wdijh 4610, Yenbo 4611, and Jeddah-KAIA 4612 are identified on FIG. 48 by their reference numbers. Yenbo 4611 reported the prevailing winds out of the west for all twelve months for the year, Jeddah 4612 for nine of the twelve months and Wdijh 4610 for six of the twelve months.|[0185] Referring to FIG. 46, there is a gap in the coastal mountains east of Wdijh 4610. Another gap east of the area between Yenbo 4611 and Jeddah 4612 roughly follows the Naid Fault Zone. These gaps would reduce the impedance for rainclouds developed over the Red Sea to be moved inland over the mountains eastwards by the prevailing westerly wind. The probability of locating magma dykes in the area of interest that could be tapped to supply the needed thermal energy for generating clouds is elevated by the proximity of hydrothermal vent fields 4603 through 4607.|[0186] Hot Superheated and Supercritical Water Electrolysis|[0187] FIG. 49 is a depiction of electrolysis equipment that is configured to process water at the bottom 2803 of the sea using water heated from the hydrothermal boreholes vent or natural vents supplied through pipes 2704 going down to the hydrothermal borehole vent and pipe 2802 out of the vent and into chamber 4901. The incoming water to the borehole heating unit through pipe 2703 is shown coming from local open water source but is likely to be coming from the electrolysis chamber 2701. The efficiency of electrolysis systems generally improve significantly if the water in the electrolysis chamber is above the critical point for water, temperature above 373.946° C. and pressure above 217.75 atmospheres.|[0188] The electrolysis chamber 4901 and storage tanks 4910-4911 are anchored to the sea floor 403 directly or through supports 2008. Chamber 4901 contains a separator 4902, anode 4904, and cathode 4903. Electrical power is fed into the chamber with positive polarity 4915 connected to anode 4904 and negative polarity connection 4914 connected to cathode 4903. The oxygen generated in electrolysis chamber 4901 near anode 4904 will exit the chamber through pipe 4905 for storage in tank 4911. The hydrogen generated near cathode 4903 will exit tank 4901 through pipe 4906 for storage in tank 4910. From tanks 4910-4911 the oxygen and hydrogen will be delivered to its point of use, normally above sea level, through pipes 4913 for the stored oxygen in tank 4911 and though pipe 4912 for the hydrogen stored in tank 4910.|[0189] The pressure in storage tanks 4910-4911 will be fairly constant with the volume being changed by the rise or fall of water level 4909 independently in the tanks. Storage tanks 4910-4911 and the electrolysis tank 2501 all have a connection to the ocean at the bottom of tank 4907. The vents 4907 facilitate increases and decreases in the amount of water in the tanks. It is expected that small amounts of char and/or tar will develop in the tanks during normal operation. The tubes 4907 will allow material that settles in the bottom of the tanks 4910-4911-4901 to leave the tanks.|[0190] Wind Powered Electric Power Generation at Sea|[0191] Electrolysis requiring electrical power can be done anyplace on the ocean. Supercritical water electrolysis as depicted in FIG. 49 occurs at depths of approximately 7000 feet or more below the ocean's surface. The ocean floor at those depths is generally a significant distance from land. Equipment can be operated in mid-ocean waters with mooring cables going out to several wide spread points on the ocean's floor. FIGS. 50-54 describe systems configured to supply electrical energy at sea by harnessing wind power.|[0192] FIG. 50 depicts the system fully deployed wind powered electrical generating system with a large spinnaker like sail 5001 funneling wind down to a wind tunnel 5200 with wind powered turbine electrical generators 5401. Barge 5101-5102 in FIG. 50 is connected to a mooring at buoy 5006 with the bow of the barge toward the mooring with bow line 5008 connecting the bow of the barge to buoy 5206. In View D-D of FIG. 50 the spinnaker is cross-sectioned along the area line () revealing the inside of the starboard half of the spinnaker. Normally at sea, there is not enough wind to continuously support a spinnaker of the size shown. The top part of spinnaker 5001 contains a balloon like enclosure 5002 that can be filled with enough hydrogen or helium to keep spinnaker 5001 aloft with no wind at all. A forestay 5007 is connected to the upper section of spinnaker 5001 and buoy 5007. Forestay 5007 and bow line 5008 and a line 5003 between the spinnaker pole 5004 and buoy 5006 as well as the possession of the spinnaker clew or corner and the end of the spinnaker pole 5004 are adjusted to control the shape of spinnaker 5001. There are two spinnaker poles 5004, one leading from the port side of the boat and the other from starboard side of the barge out to the corner or clew of the spinnaker with the outside of the spinnaker pole attached to a float 5005 that will prevent the outside ends of spinnaker pole 5004 from sinking in light or no wind. The floats 5005 and the outer end of the spinnaker poles 5004 are connected together. The spinnaker clews are connected to tracks on the spinnaker poles allowing the clews to move from the storage position to the end of the spinnaker poles. The outer ends of the spinnaker poles are connected to buoy 5006 by a rope or pole-guy 2603 that along with bow line 5008 will be adjusted to optimize the wind going through the wind tunnel of 5200.|[0193] Referring to FIGS. 51A-51B-51C, each depicts two view orthographic projections of a barge with hull 5101, hold 5102, masts 5103 and other equipment in various stages of deployment. FIG. 51a shows a configuration that would be used if the barge were in storage or at sea on a mooring riding out a severe storm or hurricane. All the deck equipment has been lowered into the barge hold 5102 and a hatch 5104 has been added to protect the wind tunnel egress. FIG. 51b depicts both the port and starboard masts 5103 being raised. The base of masts 5103 are mounted to the deck with a tabernacle which allows the masts to pivot at their base. A backstay 5106 has been added to prevent the top of the mast from moving forward. A halyard has been added between the top of the mast and the back of the wind tunnel which is stowed in the hold 5102. The hatch 5104 has been removed and some of the equipment 5107 in the wind tunnel assembly 5107 can be seen. FIG. 51c illustrates wind tunnel 5200 and associated equipment out of the hold 5102 and in the normal operation position. Spinnaker 5001 in this image is furled and stowed around the housing for the wind tunnel 5112. The wind tunnel has a back plate 5109 and a front plate 5110. Back plate 5109 is slightly larger than front plate 5110 with front plate 5109 fitting inside hold 5102 and back plate 5109 fitting over the lip of hold 5102, forming part of the hatch. The front section of the wind tunnel 5110 includes the entrance to the wind tunnel 5111. The erect wind tunnel is prevented from rotating further aft by forestays 5108.|[0194] FIG. 52 is a front and side view of the wind tunnel area with View E-E showing a partial cross-section of the wind tunnel. The spinnaker 5112 is still furled and stowed in the cross-sectioned of View E-E.|[0195] In FIG. 50 thru FIG. 54 the forward frame 5302 is located inside the wind tunnel has rows containing either five or four wind turbine electrical generators 5301 with the rows of four wind turbine generators located slightly aft of the rows of five to eliminated propeller interference. In the aft frame 5303 there are three rows of four wind turbine electrical generators 5301 and four rows of three wind turbine electrical generators with the rows of three slightly behind the rows of four generators to prevent propeller interference. In total, there are sixty wind turbine electrical generators 5301 shown in this assembly and in the wind tunnel. The wind tunnel can be designed so that it is circular with one or more larger concentric wind turbine electrical generators with a relatively small gap between the concentric rotor and the wall of the wind tunnel.|[0196] Furling the Spinnaker|[0197] The size of the spinnaker 5001 and the remoteness of typical operating venues make automated furling desirable. FIG. 54 depicts a furling or reefing system for spinnaker 5001. The system has reefing or furling cords 5401 woven into the fabric of the spinnaker 5001 shown in FIG. 54f. The furling lines 5401 are woven through grommets 5402 located in the fabric of the spinnaker 5001. The lines 5401 and fasteners can also be mounted on one, or the other, or both sides of the spinnaker. The end of the furling lines 5401 are secured to the spinnaker 5001 with a knot 5403 or fastener. For reefing the spinnaker, knots or fasteners can be added closer to the wind tunnel frame where the spinnaker is normally stowed 5112.|[0198] In the application shown in FIG. 54, the furling cords 5401 are divided into four groups. The group with the shortest cords have the end knot inside the area marked by area line 5404 (). The second group of furling lines 5401 are terminated 5403 inside the area line 5405, the third group is terminated inside of area line 5406, and the fourth group of furling lines is terminated near the edge of the spinnaker 5001.|[0199] Reefing of the spinnaker 5001 can be accomplished by partially or fully tightening the inside sets of lines 5401 by group tightening the lines inside 5404 first then those inside 5405, then the lines 5401 inside 5406. When furling the spinnaker, all the furling lines should be kept snug.|[0200] The furling or reefing lines 5401 from any one of the four groups of lines can be wound on the same spindle with that spindle turning until the that portion of the spinnaker is properly retracted. Differences in length for lines on the same spindle can be managed by modifying the diameter of the spindle so that all the lines on that spindle are fully retract about the same time.|[0201] FIG. 55 depicts a system 5500 configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents 5505. In some implementations, system 5500 includes one or more of a semisubmersible platform 5501 (which may be similar to the semisubmersibles shown in FIGS. 41-43), a transfer sub-system 5502 (which may be similar to the sea silos 1201-1301-1601 shown in FIGS. 12-13-16, or to the containers 400-500-4200 in FIGS. 4-5A-5B-42), a hydrothermal oven 5503 (which may be similar to the hydrothermal ovens 800-1100-1400-1900-2100-2200 shown in FIGS. 8-11-14-19-21-22), one or more pipes 5504 (which may be similar to tubes 2703-2704 or pipes 2802-2902 shown in FIGS. 28-38B-39-41), and/or other components. Semisubmersible platform 5501 may be configured to be moored at a body of water, such as an ocean. Transfer sub-system 5502 may be configured to transfer organic material from semisubmersible platform 5501 into hydrothermal oven 5503. Hydrothermal oven 5503 may be configured to coalify the organic material using at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water. One or more pipes 5504 may be configured to provide at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water from one or more hydrothermal borehole vents 5505, near ocean floor 5508, to hydrothermal oven 5503. In some implementations, system 550 may include a pressure generator.|[0202] FIG. 56 depicts a system 5600 configured to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents 5605 near ocean floor 5608. In some implementations, system 5600 includes one or more of a drill ship 5601 (which may be similar to drill ship 2601 shown in FIG. 26), a drill 5602 (which may be similar to the drilling equipment shown in FIG. 26), and a transfer sub-system 5607 (which may be similar to the sea silos 1201-1301-1601 shown in FIGS. 12-13-16, or to the containers 400-500-4200 in FIGS. 4-5A-5B-42). Drill ship 5601 may be configured to carry drill 5602. Drill 5602 may include drill shaft 5603 (which may be similar to drilling shaft 2603 shown in FIG. 26), drill bit 5604 (which may be similar to drill bit 2604 shown in FIG. 26), and/or other components. Transfer sub-system 5607 may be configured to transfer organic material from drill ship 5601, through drill shaft 5603, into hydrothermal borehole vent 5605 such that the organic material coalifies through hydro pyrolysis powered by hydrothermal borehole vent 5605. In some implementations, drill shaft 5603 of drill 5602 may operate as transfer sub-system 5607. In some implementations, transfer sub-system 5607 may include a conveyor belt (e.g., similar to conveyor 1206 shown in FIG. 12), a pressure generator, and/or other components. For example, transfer sub-system 5607 may be configured to use a pressure differential and/or gravity to move organic material downward.|[0203] FIG. 57 illustrates a method 5700 to coalify organic material using hydro pyrolysis powered by one or more hydrothermal borehole vents, in accordance with one or more implementations. In some implementations, the organic material may include one or more of drugs, garbage, sewage, and/or other types of organic material. The operations of method 5700 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In some implementations, method 5700 may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method 5700 are illustrated in FIG. 57 and described below is not intended to be limiting.|[0204] At an operation 5702, one or more hydrothermal borehole vents are drilled in a floor of a body of water, such as an ocean floor. In some embodiments, operation 5702 is performed by a drill the same as or similar to drill 5602 (shown in FIG. 56 and described herein).|[0205] At an operation 5704, the organic material is delivered to a location on a surface of the body of water, wherein the location is above and/or near the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. In some embodiments, operation 5704 is performed by a cargo ship and/or a log raft the same as or similar to cargo ship 4301 (or another ship described in this disclosure) and/or log raft 300 (shown in FIG. 43 and FIG. 3 and described herein).|[0206] At an operation 5706, the organic material is transferred toward one or more hydrothermal borehole vents. At least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water provided by the one or more hydrothermal borehole vents coalifies the organic material through using hydro pyrolysis. The at least one of (i) hot water, (ii) steam, and (iii) supercritical water has a temperature of at least 200° C. In some embodiments, operation 5706 is performed by a transfer sub-system the same as or similar to transfer sub-system 5502 and/or transfer sub-system 5607 (shown in FIG. 55 and FIG. 56 and described herein).|[0207] Although the present technology has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be the most practical and preferred implementations, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the technology is not limited to the disclosed implementations, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it is to be understood that the present technology contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any implementation can be combined with one or more features of any other implementation. | Family Number|(98948733)|98948733|Title|(US11414962 B2)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|(US20220074285 A1)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|(WO202255827 A1)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|Houillification et séquestration du carbone au moyen de bouches hydrothermales de forage dans l'océan profond|(US20220363379 A1)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|(CA3191564 A1)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|Houillification et sequestration du carbone au moyen de bouches hydrothermales de forage dans l'ocean profond|(AU2021341795 A1)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|(AU2021341795 B2)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|(EP4210860 A1)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|Houillification et séquestration du carbone au moyen de bouches hydrothermales de forage dans l'océan profond|(EP4210860 A4)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents|Houillification et séquestration du carbone au moyen de bouches hydrothermales de forage dans l'océan profond|(AE20236000408 A1)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents| | Basic materials chemistry|Civil engineering|Engines, pumps, turbines|Environmental technology|Handling|Materials, metallurgy|Transport | 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hydrous pyrolysis.” Fuel 73.11 (Nov. 1, 1994): 1691-1696. Abstract, p. 1691 col. 2 para 3; p. 1692 col. 2 para 1.|-MacDougall. “Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction Through Deep Ocean Carbon Sequestration “DOCS”.” (Sep. 21, 2021). Entire Document.|-PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, International Application No. PCT/US21/49143 dated Feb. 4, 2022 (14 pages).||(US11414962)|Applicant references|-MacDougall. “Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction Through Deep Ocean Carbon Sequestration “DOCS”.” (Sep. 21, 2021). Entire Document.|-Michels, et al. “Artificial coalification: comparison of confined pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis.” Fuel 73.11 (Nov. 1, 1994): 1691-1696. Abstract, p. 1691 col. 2 para 3; p. 1692 col. 2 para 1.|-PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, International Application No. PCT/US21/49143 dated Feb. 4, 2022 (14 pages).||(WO2022/055827)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-MICHELS ET AL.: "Artificial coalification: comparison of confined pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis", FUEL, vol. 73, no. 11, 1 November 1994 (1994-11-01), pages 1691 - 1696, XP025454472, DOI: 10.1016/0016-2361(94)90154-6|-MACDOUGALL: "Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction Through Deep Ocean Carbon Sequestration “DOCS”", RESEARCH SQUARE, 21 September 2021 (2021-09-21), pages 1 - 12, XP055917026|-See also references of EP 4210860A4|||| | GRANTED | (EP4210860)|PENDING|(US11794893)|GRANTED|(US11414962)|GRANTED|(WO2022/055827)|LAPSED|(AU2021341795)|GRANTED|(AEP6000408/2023)|PENDING|(CA3191564)|PENDING | ALIVE | (EP4210860)|ALIVE|(US11794893)|ALIVE|(US11414962)|ALIVE|(WO2022/055827)|DEAD|(AU2021341795)|ALIVE|(AEP6000408/2023)|ALIVE|(CA3191564)|ALIVE | 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SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2022/055827)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2022/055827)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IR, IS, AL, IT, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, JO, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, KG, KH, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, KW, CR, KZ, CU, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, DJ, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, WS, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL | (EP4210860)|EP|(US11794893)|US|(US11414962)|US|(WO2022/055827)|AE; AU; CA; EP; SA|(AU2021341795)|AU|(AEP6000408/2023)|AE|(CA3191564)|CA | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=Y76YdybqUxYJGpFdlk6MvnmXtI+wKb3KNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US0000000021488216&ekey=1797&xpn=EP4210860&kind=A4 | https://register.epo.org/application?number=EP21867409 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=a%252Bn%252Fit949UTVNtz%252BuaPnF3fDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (US11794893)|US|(US20220363379)|US|(US11414962)|US|(US20220074285)|US | (US11794893)|NAME=MacDougall Frederick William , CITY=San Diego , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20220363379)|NAME=MacDougall Frederick William , CITY=San Diego , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US11414962)|NAME=MacDougall Frederick William , CITY=San Diego , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20220074285)|NAME=MacDougall Frederick William , CITY=San Diego , STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US | (EP4210860)|DE|||(WO2022/055827)|US|(AU2021341795)|AU|(AU2021341795)|AU||(CA3191564)|CA | (EP4210860)|NAME=Paustian & Partner Patentanwälte mbB Oberanger 32 , CITY=80331 München , COUNTRY=DE , REG=101859684|(US11794893)|NAME=ESPLIN & ASSOCIATES, PC|(US11414962)|NAME=Esplin & Associates, PC|(WO2022/055827)|NAME=ESPLIN, D. Benjamin et al. 1665 S Rancho Santa Fe Road, Suite C2 San Marcos, California 92078 , POSTCODE=92078 , COUNTRY=US|(AU2021341795)|NAME=Adams Pluck PO Box 905 , CITY=HORNSBY , STATE=NSW , POSTCODE=2077 , COUNTRY=AU|(AU2021341795)|NAME=Adams Pluck PO Box 905 , CITY=HORNSBY , STATE=NSW , POSTCODE=2077 , COUNTRY=AU|(AEP6000408/2023)|NAME=JAH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY L L C Office 218, owned by Nasir Ahmed Nasir Lotah, Bur Dubai, Um herair 1 , REG=638955|(CA3191564)|NAME=NORTON ROSE FULBRIGHT CANADA LLP/S.E.N.C.R.L., S.R.L. , COUNTRY=CA | |(EP4210860)|US|(US11794893)|US|(US20220363379)|US|(US11414962)|US|(US20220074285)|US|(WO2022/055827)|US|||(AEP6000408/2023)|US|(CA3191564)|US | (EP4210860)|NAME=MacDougall, Frederick William|(EP4210860)|NAME=MacDougall, Frederick William 13588 Calvados Place, CITY=San Diego, CA 92128, COUNTRY=US|(US11794893)|NAME=MacDougall Frederick William, CITY=San Diego, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20220363379)|NAME=MacDougall Frederick William, CITY=San Diego, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US11414962)|NAME=MacDougall Frederick William, CITY=San Diego, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20220074285)|NAME=MacDougall Frederick William, CITY=San Diego, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(WO2022/055827)|NAME=MACDOUGALL, Frederick William 13588 Calvados Place San Diego, California 92128, POSTCODE=92128, COUNTRY=US|(AU2021341795)|NAME=MACDOUGALL, Frederick William|(AU2021341795)|NAME=MACDOUGALL, Frederick William|(AEP6000408/2023)|NAME=MACDOUGALL Frederick William 13588 Calvados Place San Diego, California 92128, COUNTRY=US|(CA3191564)|NAME=MACDOUGALL, FREDERICK WILLIAM 13588 Calvados Place, CITY=SAN DIEGO, POSTCODE=92128, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US | Titre: (EP4210860)|Coalification and carbon sequestration using deep ocean hydrothermal borehole vents Résumé: (EP4210860)|Systems and methods are described for sequestering carbon stored in organic matter while minimizing the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere, with the carbon (C) being stored as char or coal through the coalification process. Organic matter will be moved to submarine hydrothermal vent fields where the extreme heat in the water will drastically accelerate the degradation of the material and destroy microbes that normally consume the organic material and release the carbon as CO2 or CH4. The oxygen level in the heated water around the vents is extremely low. The water surrounding these vents can reach temperatures of 400°C (750°F). Exemplary implementations may include constructing hydrothermal borehole vents to harness the energy continuously released from the Earth's core in the form of volcanic heat. | 44.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon sequestration through coalification and does not mention ocean fertilization or the stimulation of phytoplankton growth. | 143.0 | 5.0 | (US11794893)|1|(WO2022/055827)|4|(AU2021341795)|3|(CA3191564)|4|(US11414962)|3 | (US11794893)|8|(WO2022/055827)|16|(AU2021341795)|13|(CA3191564)|16|(US11414962)|12 | (US11794893)|9|(US20220363379)|12|(US11414962)|15|(US20220074285)|20|(WO2022/055827)|20|(AU2021341795)|16|(AU2021341795)|20|(AEP6000408/2023)|16|(CA3191564)|20 | 0.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | (US11794893)|57|(WO2022/055827)|57|(AU2021341795)|57|(CA3191564)|57|(US11414962)|52 | 5.0 | 7.0 | (EP4210860)|WO2022/055827|(AU2021341795)|WO2022/055827|(AEP6000408/2023)|WO2022/055827|(CA3191564)|WO2022/055827 | (US11794893)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Number of Drawings: NDR=45|Number of Figures: NFG=72|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Badawi Medhat|Art Unit.: ART =3642||(US20220363379)|Number of Claims: NCL=12|Number of Drawings: NDR=45|Number of Figures: NFG=68|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Badawi Medhat|Art Unit.: ART =3642||(US11414962)|Number of Claims: NCL=15|Number of Drawings: NDR=45|Number of Figures: NFG=72|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,9,15|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=3|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Lagman Frederick L|Art Unit.: ART =3678||(US20220074285)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Number of Drawings: NDR=45|Number of Figures: NFG=68|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,9,13,20|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=4|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Lagman Frederick L|Art Unit.: ART =3678||(WO2022/055827)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(AU2021341795)|Number of Claims: NCL=16||(AU2021341795)|Number of Claims: NCL=20||(AEP6000408/2023)|Number of Claims: NCL=16|PCT National Entry||(CA3191564)|Number of Claims: NCL=20| | (US11794893)|CIP of: US17/467,038 FDD=2021-09-03 [2021US-17467038]|CIP of: US11414962 |Provisional Appl: US63/159,785 FDD=2021-03-11 [2021US-63159785]|Provisional Appl: US63/075,521 FDD=2020-09-08 [2020US-63075521]|Previous publication: US20220363379 A1 2022-11-17 [US20220363379]|(US11414962)|Provisional Appl: US63/159,785 FDD=2021-03-11 [2021US-63159785]|Provisional Appl: US63/075,521 FDD=2020-09-08 [2020US-63075521]|Previous publication: US20220074285 A1 2022-03-10 [US20220074285]|(CA3191564)|Division of: CA3191564 FDD=2021-09-03 [2021CA-3191564] | (EP4210860)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (EP4210860)|Patent|(AE20236000408)|Patent|(AU2021341795)|Patent|(US11794893)|Patent|(EP4210860)|Patent|(AU2021341795)|Patent|(US20220363379)|Patent|(US11414962)|Patent|(CA3191564)|Patent|(WO202255827)|Patent|(US20220074285)|Patent | ||||||||||||||
| 53 | CN202111119778 | CN202111119778 | CN113820457 | 97768099 | CN113820457 A 2021-12-21 [CN113820457] | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-21 | (CN113820457)|2022-05-10 | (CN113820457)|Construction method and application of marine ranch fishery carbon sink evaluation model | (CN113820457)|The invention discloses a construction method and application of a marine ranch fishery carbon sink evaluation model. The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a sample area; S2, collecting shellfish and algae in the sample area; S3, separating soft bodies from shells of the shellfishes; S4, determining the carbon content of the algae; S5, measuring the soft tissues in the shellfish and the carbon content of the shellfish; S6, calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sequestration capacity of the regional category, the method provides a basis for evaluation and calculation of the carbon sequestration capacity of marine fishery, the selected shellfish and algae are varieties with remarkable carbon sequestration capacity, the carbon sequestration amount in one region is estimated, the method is suitable for calculation and evaluation of the carbon sequestration capacity of different sea areas, powerful data support is provided for economic benefits and development prospects of ocean carbon sink cultivation, the method has important significance on ocean carbon sink research, and powerful guarantee and contribution can be made to development of sustainable society. | SICHUAN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL COLLEGE | (CN113820457)|SICHUAN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL COLLEGE ([CN]) | FAN HONGJUN | (CN113820457)|FAN HONGJUN | (CN113820457)|GENG CAIHONG;BEIJING TING LI PATENT AGENCY(ORDINARY PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 11265 | (CN113820457)|1. A construction method of a carbon sink assessment model for marine ranching fishery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a sample area; s2, harvesting the shellfish and algae in the sample area; s3, separating the shells from the soft bodies; s4, measuring the carbon content of the algae; s5, measuring the carbon content of the soft tissue and the shell in the shellfish; and S6, calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sink capacity of the area class.| | (CN113820457)|1. the invention provides a basis for the evaluation and calculation of the carbon sink capacity of the marine fishery, the selected shellfish and algae are varieties with remarkable carbon sink capacity, the carbon sink amount in one region is estimated, the invention is suitable for the calculation and evaluation of the carbon sink capacity in different sea areas, the invention provides powerful data support for the economic benefit and development prospect of marine carbon sink breeding, has important significance for the research of marine carbon sink, and can make powerful guarantee and contribution to the development of the sustainable society.|The invention aims to provide a construction method and application of a carbon sink evaluation model for the fishery of the marine ranching, so as to solve the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:|The invention discloses a construction method and application of a carbon sink evaluation model for fishery in a marine ranching, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a sample area; s2, harvesting the shellfish and algae in the sample area; s3, separating the shells from the soft bodies; s4, measuring the carbon content of the algae; s5, measuring the carbon content of the soft tissue and the shell in the shellfish; s6, calculating according to a formula to obtain regional carbon sink capacity, providing basis for evaluation and calculation of the carbon sink capacity of the marine fishery, wherein the selected shellfish and algae are varieties with remarkable carbon sink capacity, and the carbon sink amount in one region is estimated, so that the method is suitable for the evaluation and calculation of the carbon sink capacity in different sea areas, provides powerful data support for the economic benefit and development prospect of marine carbon sink breeding, has important significance for marine carbon sink research, and can make powerful guarantee and contribution to the development of the sustainable society. The invention relates to the field of fishery carbon sink assessment calculation, in particular to a construction method and application of a fishery carbon sink assessment model of a marine ranching.| | (CN113820457)|CARBON SINK(100,42)|CONSTRUCTION(100,7)|MARINE RANCH FISHERY(100,7)|CARBON SINK EVALUATION MODEL(100,6)|EVALUATION MODEL(100,6)|ASSESSMENT MODEL(100,3)|CARBON SINK ASSESSMENT MODEL(100,3)|MARINE RANCHING FISHERY(100,3)|POWERFUL GUARANTEE(39,2)|CARBON CONTENT(37,63)|SHELLFISH(35,27)|SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT(35,2)|ALGAE CARBON CONTENT(34,16)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY(31,13)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(31,2)|MOLLUSC TISSUE(29,6)|SHELL(26,33)|ASSESSMENT CALCULATION(26,1)|CARBON SINK BREEDING(25,2)|ALGAE(24,24)|SOFT TISSUE CARBON CONTENT(23,22)|SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY(23,2)|MARINE CARBON SINK RESEARCH(22,1)|SOFT TISSUE(21,46)|SHELLFISH CARBON CONTENT(21,9)|FISHERY CARBON SINK(21,4)|MARINE FISHERY(19,3)|SIGNIFICANCE(19,3)|EXTENSIVE MEASURE(17,1)|ASSESSMENT(16,2)|FILTERED ALGAE POWDER(16,2)|TEN SHELLFISH SAMPLE(15,3)|MARINE(14,4)|POWER DATA SUPPORT(14,2)|SHELLFISH SAMPLE SOFT TISSUE(14,2)|CARBON SINK RESEARCH(14,1)|SAMPLE AREA(13,17)|DRIED ALGAE SAMPLE(13,3)|GROUND ALGAE SAMPLE(13,2)|MARINE CARBON SINK(13,2)|FILTER SHELL POWDER(12,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(11,7)|ANALYZING ELEMENT(11,6)|UNIFORM POWDER(11,6)|PREPARED ALGAE SAMPLE(11,2)|FISHERY(10,3)|GROUND SHELL(10,3)|PLUS ALGAE CARBON CONTENT(10,3)|FILTERED SOFT TISSUE POWDER(9,2)|DRIED SAMPLE(8,3)|DRYING EQUIPMENT(8,3)|SEAWATER(8,3)|SHELL FINAL CARBON CONTENT(8,2)|MARINE AQUACULTURE FISHERY(8,1)|MEDIAN VALUE(7,5)|AREA CLASS(7,3)|CLASSIFIED(7,2)|SEA AREA(7,2)|FISHERY CARBON SINK FIELD(7,1)|SHALLOW SEA ECOSYSTEM(6,1)|80 MESH SIEVE(5,4)|ALGAE SURFACE(5,3)|FISHERY INDUSTRY(5,2)|MARINE CULTURE(5,2)|COMMODITY DUAL ATTRIBUTE(5,1)|OCEAN ORGANISM RESOURCE(5,1)|DISTILLED WATER(4,6)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(4,4)|80 MESH SCREEN(4,2)|SHELL CARBON CONTENT(3,15)|FORMULA III(3,3)|WATER PRODUCTION(3,2)|CREATIVE EFFORT(3,1)|CRUSTACEAN ACCOUNT(3,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AGENCY(3,1)|NET ABSORPTION(3,1)|RESEARCH CATEGORY(3,1)|SCHOLAR LAND(3,1)|SEA ORGANISM(3,1)|SEAWEED BED(3,1)|SHELLFISH SOFT TISSUE(3,1)|SPECIES CLASSIFICATION(3,1)|FORMULA V(2,5)|ALGAE CULTURE(2,2)|MARINE ORGANISM(2,2)| | (CN113820457)|1. A construction method of a carbon sink assessment model for marine ranching fishery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:|s1, selecting a sample area;|s2, harvesting the shellfish and algae in the sample area;|s3, separating the shells from the soft bodies;|s4, measuring the carbon content of the algae;|s5, measuring the carbon content of the soft tissue and the shell in the shellfish;|and S6, calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sink capacity of the area class.|2. The method of constructing a marine ranch fishery carbon sequestration evaluation model according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, the sample area to be selected is determined, and professional fishing personnel are arranged to proportionally catch the shellfish and algae in the sample area.|3. The method of constructing a marine ranch fishery carbon sequestration evaluation model according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, after the shellfish and algae in the sample area in the step S1 are caught from the seawater, ten shellfish samples and ten algae samples are randomly selected, and each sample is independently placed.|4. The method of constructing a marine ranch fishery carbon sequestration evaluation model according to claim 1, wherein: in S3, ten shellfish samples in S2 are separated, the mollusk tissue and the shell of the shellfish are peeled off to separate the mollusk tissue and the shell, and the mollusk tissue and the shell of the ten shellfish samples are stored separately.|5. The method of constructing a marine ranch fishery carbon sequestration evaluation model according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, ten prepared algae samples are washed clean on the surfaces by distilled water, water on the surfaces of algae is drained, the algae samples are dried at the temperature of 60 ℃ by drying equipment, the dried algae samples are ground by grinding equipment after 40 hours, the algae samples are ground into uniform powder, the ground algae samples are filtered by an 80-mesh sieve, an element analyzer is used for measuring the carbon content of the filtered algae powder, the ten samples are operated according to the method to obtain ten carbon content values, and the ten carbon content values are averaged to obtain the final carbon content value of the algae.|6. The method of constructing a marine ranch fishery carbon sequestration evaluation model according to claim 1, wherein: in S5, the surfaces of shells and soft tissues of ten shellfish samples which are ready to be classified are washed clean by distilled water, the water on the surfaces of the soft tissues and the shells is drained, the soft tissues and the shells are dried by a drying device at the temperature of 60 ℃, the dried samples are taken out after 40 hours, the shells and the soft tissues are ground into uniform powder by a grinding device, the ground shells and the soft tissues are respectively filtered by an 80-mesh screen, the filtered shell powder and the filtered soft tissue powder are separately stored, an element analyzer is adopted to respectively measure the carbon contents of the shell powder and the soft tissue powder, the ten shellfish samples are operated according to the above modes to obtain the carbon contents of ten shells and the carbon contents of ten soft tissues, the carbon contents of the ten shells are calculated to obtain an average value, the carbon contents of the ten shells are calculated to obtain the average value, the final carbon content of the soft tissue and the final carbon content of the shell are obtained.|7. The method of constructing a marine ranch fishery carbon sequestration evaluation model according to claim 1, wherein: in S6, according to formula one, the numerical formulas in S4 and S5 are: the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to the carbon content of the algae multiplied by the total amount of the algae, and the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to a formula II: the carbon content of the soft tissue is the carbon content of the soft tissue multiplied by the total amount of the soft tissue, and the carbon content of the soft tissue is obtained through calculation according to a formula III: and (3) calculating the carbon content of the shell, namely the carbon content of the shell multiplied by the total amount of the shell, according to a formula IV: the shellfish carbon content is the sum of the soft tissue carbon content and the shell carbon content, and the shellfish carbon content is obtained according to the formula V: and (4) finally evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity in the known area, wherein the carbon sequestration capacity is shellfish carbon content plus algae carbon content.|8. Use of a marine ranch fishery carbon sequestration assessment model according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized by: the carbon content value of algae, the carbon content of soft tissue and the carbon content of shells are obtained through measurement, and the calculation is carried out through the formulas I to V, and finally the comprehensive measurement and evaluation can be carried out on the carbon sink capacity in one area. | (CN113820457)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the field of fishery carbon sink assessment calculation, in particular to a construction method and application of a fishery carbon sink assessment model of a marine ranching.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The marine carbon sink is also called blue carbon sink or blue carbon, and corresponds to the green carbon sink on land, and the blue carbon report published by the environmental planning agency of the united nations considers that marine organisms (particularly mangrove, seaweed bed and salt marsh in coastal zone) can capture and store a large amount of carbon, and the part of carbon is called blue carbon. Scholars such as scholarland (2011) and quebracho (2016) also try to define ocean carbon sink from different perspectives. Ocean carbon sink is the process and activity of ocean organisms to absorb and store carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through mechanisms such as photosynthesis, biological chain and the like, and is reflected in value as the total value of ocean organism resources with carbon sequestration capacity. Ocean carbon sink has the dual attributes of a common commodity, namely use value and value. The use value is embodied as follows: the emission reduction of greenhouse gases is realized through the carbon sink function of marine organisms, and the quality of human living and living environments is improved; the value is embodied as follows: the whole process is invested with manpower, material resources, capital and technology for research, protection and utilization, wherein undifferentiated human labor is condensed, fishery carbon sink requires changing the situation that organisms in the sea naturally absorb greenhouse gases, promoting and increasing the speed and quantity of greenhouse gases absorbed by the organisms, and then the carbon obtained by conversion is removed from the water body through the aquatic product harvesting process. According to species classification, the marine culture in China mainly comprises fishes, shellfishes, algae, crustaceans and other species, wherein the fishes, shellfishes, algae and crustaceans account for more than the total amount of the marine culture in China, but the problem to be determined firstly when the problem of fishery carbon sink is researched, namely whether fishery production meets the 'net absorption amount' of greenhouse gases is positive, and the shellfish and algae culture belongs to the category. The production process of fishes and shellfishes needs to be added with bait, the carbon balance formula is C ═ F + R + U + P, namely the total carbon amount ingested by the fishes and the shellfishes is converted into the carbon amount used for growth in the organisms, and can be consumed through respiration and excretion, the residual carbon amount is discharged out of the organisms in the form of excrement, the process of adding the bait inputs carbon into water, aquatic product harvest removes part of the carbon from the water, and the carbon amount input into the water is larger than the carbon amount removed, so the carbon sink in the marine aquaculture fishery mainly comes from the carbon sink of the seaweeds, and the fishes and the shellfishes do not belong to the research category of the carbon sink fishery.|[0003] Shellfish and algae cultured artificially in large scale have become important primary producers of shallow sea ecosystem, shellfish and algae culture have multiple important values for increasing carbon sink of ocean, and have important significance for researching carbon sink of shellfish and algae, therefore, a construction method and application of a carbon sink evaluation model for fishery in marine ranching are provided.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] The invention aims to provide a construction method and application of a carbon sink evaluation model for the fishery of the marine ranching, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.|[0005] In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:|[0006] a construction method of a carbon sink evaluation model for marine ranching fishery comprises the following steps:|[0007] s1, selecting a sample area;|[0008] s2, harvesting the shellfish and algae in the sample area;|[0009] s3, separating the shells from the soft bodies;|[0010] s4, measuring the carbon content of the algae;|[0011] s5, measuring the carbon content of the soft tissue and the shell in the shellfish;|[0012] and S6, calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sink capacity of the area class.|[0013] As a further scheme of the invention: in S1, the sample area to be selected is determined, and professional fishing personnel are arranged to proportionally catch the shellfish and algae in the sample area.|[0014] As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step S2, after the shellfish and algae in the sample area in the step S1 are caught from the seawater, ten shellfish samples and ten algae samples are randomly selected, and each sample is independently placed.|[0015] As a still further scheme of the invention: in S3, ten shellfish samples in S2 are separated, the mollusk tissue and the shell of the shellfish are peeled off to separate the mollusk tissue and the shell, and the mollusk tissue and the shell of the ten shellfish samples are stored separately.|[0016] As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step S4, ten prepared algae samples are washed clean on the surfaces by distilled water, water on the surfaces of algae is drained, the algae samples are dried at the temperature of 60 ℃ by drying equipment, the dried algae samples are ground by grinding equipment after 40 hours, the algae samples are ground into uniform powder, the ground algae samples are filtered by an 80-mesh sieve, an element analyzer is used for measuring the carbon content of the filtered algae powder, the ten samples are operated according to the method to obtain ten carbon content values, and the ten carbon content values are averaged to obtain the final carbon content value of the algae.|[0017] As a still further scheme of the invention: in S5, the surfaces of shells and soft tissues of ten shellfish samples which are ready to be classified are washed clean by distilled water, the water on the surfaces of the soft tissues and the shells is drained, the soft tissues and the shells are dried by a drying device at the temperature of 60 ℃, the dried samples are taken out after 40 hours, the shells and the soft tissues are ground into uniform powder by a grinding device, the ground shells and the soft tissues are respectively filtered by an 80-mesh screen, the filtered shell powder and the filtered soft tissue powder are separately stored, an element analyzer is adopted to respectively measure the carbon contents of the shell powder and the soft tissue powder, the ten shellfish samples are operated according to the above modes to obtain the carbon contents of ten shells and the carbon contents of ten soft tissues, the carbon contents of the ten shells are calculated to obtain an average value, the carbon contents of the ten shells are calculated to obtain the average value, the final carbon content of the soft tissue and the final carbon content of the shell are obtained.|[0018] As a still further scheme of the invention: the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to the carbon content of the algae multiplied by the total amount of the algae, and the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to a formula II: the carbon content of the soft tissue is the carbon content of the soft tissue multiplied by the total amount of the soft tissue, and the carbon content of the soft tissue is obtained through calculation according to a formula III: and (3) calculating the carbon content of the shell, namely the carbon content of the shell multiplied by the total amount of the shell, according to a formula IV: the shellfish carbon content is the sum of the soft tissue carbon content and the shell carbon content, and the shellfish carbon content is obtained according to the formula V: and (4) finally evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity in the known area, wherein the carbon sequestration capacity is shellfish carbon content plus algae carbon content.|[0019] The application of the carbon sink assessment model for the fishery industry of the marine ranching obtains the carbon content value of algae, the carbon content of soft tissues and the carbon content of shells through measurement, and finally can comprehensively measure, calculate and assess the carbon sink capacity in one area through calculation of a formula I to a formula V.|[0020] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0021] 1. the invention provides a basis for the evaluation and calculation of the carbon sink capacity of the marine fishery, the selected shellfish and algae are varieties with remarkable carbon sink capacity, the carbon sink amount in one region is estimated, the invention is suitable for the calculation and evaluation of the carbon sink capacity in different sea areas, the invention provides powerful data support for the economic benefit and development prospect of marine carbon sink breeding, has important significance for the research of marine carbon sink, and can make powerful guarantee and contribution to the development of the sustainable society.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.|[0023] In the embodiment of the invention, a method for constructing a carbon sink evaluation model for fishery in a marine ranching comprises the following steps:|[0024] s1, selecting a sample area;|[0025] s2, harvesting the shellfish and algae in the sample area;|[0026] s3, separating the shells from the soft bodies;|[0027] s4, measuring the carbon content of the algae;|[0028] s5, measuring the carbon content of the soft tissue and the shell in the shellfish;|[0029] and S6, calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sink capacity of the area class.|[0030] In S1, firstly, a sample area to be selected is determined, professional fishing personnel are arranged to catch shellfish and algae in the sample area according to a proportion, in S2, after the shellfish and algae in the sample area in S1 are caught from seawater, ten shellfish samples and ten algae samples are randomly selected, each sample is independently placed, in S3, ten shellfish samples in S2 are separated, the soft tissues and shells of shellfish bodies are peeled off, the soft tissues and shells are separated, the soft tissues and shells in ten shellfish samples are separately stored, in S4, prepared ten algae samples are washed clean on the surfaces by distilled water, the water on the surfaces of the algae bodies is controlled to be dry, then the algae samples are dried by drying equipment at the temperature of 60 ℃, after 40 hours, the dried algae samples are ground by grinding equipment, grinding an algae sample into uniform powder, filtering the ground algae sample through an 80-mesh sieve, measuring the carbon content of the filtered algae powder by using an element analyzer, washing the surfaces of shells and soft tissues of ten shellfish samples by distilled water respectively in S5, controlling the water on the surfaces of the soft tissues and the shells, drying the soft tissues and the shells by a drying device at 60 ℃, taking out the dried samples after 40 hours, grinding the shells and the soft tissues into uniform powder by grinding equipment, filtering the ground shells and the soft tissues by the 80-mesh sieve respectively, and storing the filtered shell powder and the soft tissue powder separately, and respectively measuring the carbon contents of the shell powder and the soft tissue powder by using an element analyzer, operating ten shellfish samples according to the above modes to obtain the carbon contents of ten shells and the carbon contents of ten soft tissues, calculating the carbon contents of the ten shells to obtain an average value, calculating the carbon contents of the ten soft tissues to obtain the final carbon contents of the soft tissues and the shells, and in S6, according to a formula I in numerical formulas S4 and S5: the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to the carbon content of the algae multiplied by the total amount of the algae, and the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to a formula II: the carbon content of the soft tissue is the carbon content of the soft tissue multiplied by the total amount of the soft tissue, and the carbon content of the soft tissue is obtained through calculation according to a formula III: and (3) calculating the carbon content of the shell, namely the carbon content of the shell multiplied by the total amount of the shell, according to a formula IV: the shellfish carbon content is the sum of the soft tissue carbon content and the shell carbon content, and the shellfish carbon content is obtained according to the formula V: and (4) finally evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity in the known area, wherein the carbon sequestration capacity is shellfish carbon content plus algae carbon content.|[0031] The application of the carbon sink assessment model for the fishery industry of the marine ranching obtains the carbon content value of algae, the carbon content of soft tissues and the carbon content of shells through measurement, and finally can comprehensively measure, calculate and assess the carbon sink capacity in one area through calculation of a formula I to a formula V.|[0032] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. | (CN113820457)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the field of fishery carbon sink assessment calculation, in particular to a construction method and application of a fishery carbon sink assessment model of a marine ranching.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The marine carbon sink is also called blue carbon sink or blue carbon, and corresponds to the green carbon sink on land, and the blue carbon report published by the environmental planning agency of the united nations considers that marine organisms (particularly mangrove, seaweed bed and salt marsh in coastal zone) can capture and store a large amount of carbon, and the part of carbon is called blue carbon. Scholars such as scholarland (2011) and quebracho (2016) also try to define ocean carbon sink from different perspectives. Ocean carbon sink is the process and activity of ocean organisms to absorb and store carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through mechanisms such as photosynthesis, biological chain and the like, and is reflected in value as the total value of ocean organism resources with carbon sequestration capacity. Ocean carbon sink has the dual attributes of a common commodity, namely use value and value. The use value is embodied as follows: the emission reduction of greenhouse gases is realized through the carbon sink function of marine organisms, and the quality of human living and living environments is improved; the value is embodied as follows: the whole process is invested with manpower, material resources, capital and technology for research, protection and utilization, wherein undifferentiated human labor is condensed, fishery carbon sink requires changing the situation that organisms in the sea naturally absorb greenhouse gases, promoting and increasing the speed and quantity of greenhouse gases absorbed by the organisms, and then the carbon obtained by conversion is removed from the water body through the aquatic product harvesting process. According to species classification, the marine culture in China mainly comprises fishes, shellfishes, algae, crustaceans and other species, wherein the fishes, shellfishes, algae and crustaceans account for more than the total amount of the marine culture in China, but the problem to be determined firstly when the problem of fishery carbon sink is researched, namely whether fishery production meets the 'net absorption amount' of greenhouse gases is positive, and the shellfish and algae culture belongs to the category. The production process of fishes and shellfishes needs to be added with bait, the carbon balance formula is C ═ F + R + U + P, namely the total carbon amount ingested by the fishes and the shellfishes is converted into the carbon amount used for growth in the organisms, and can be consumed through respiration and excretion, the residual carbon amount is discharged out of the organisms in the form of excrement, the process of adding the bait inputs carbon into water, aquatic product harvest removes part of the carbon from the water, and the carbon amount input into the water is larger than the carbon amount removed, so the carbon sink in the marine aquaculture fishery mainly comes from the carbon sink of the seaweeds, and the fishes and the shellfishes do not belong to the research category of the carbon sink fishery.|[0003] Shellfish and algae cultured artificially in large scale have become important primary producers of shallow sea ecosystem, shellfish and algae culture have multiple important values for increasing carbon sink of ocean, and have important significance for researching carbon sink of shellfish and algae, therefore, a construction method and application of a carbon sink evaluation model for fishery in marine ranching are provided.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] The invention aims to provide a construction method and application of a carbon sink evaluation model for the fishery of the marine ranching, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.|[0005] In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:|[0006] a construction method of a carbon sink evaluation model for marine ranching fishery comprises the following steps:|[0007] s1, selecting a sample area;|[0008] s2, harvesting the shellfish and algae in the sample area;|[0009] s3, separating the shells from the soft bodies;|[0010] s4, measuring the carbon content of the algae;|[0011] s5, measuring the carbon content of the soft tissue and the shell in the shellfish;|[0012] and S6, calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sink capacity of the area class.|[0013] As a further scheme of the invention: in S1, the sample area to be selected is determined, and professional fishing personnel are arranged to proportionally catch the shellfish and algae in the sample area.|[0014] As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step S2, after the shellfish and algae in the sample area in the step S1 are caught from the seawater, ten shellfish samples and ten algae samples are randomly selected, and each sample is independently placed.|[0015] As a still further scheme of the invention: in S3, ten shellfish samples in S2 are separated, the mollusk tissue and the shell of the shellfish are peeled off to separate the mollusk tissue and the shell, and the mollusk tissue and the shell of the ten shellfish samples are stored separately.|[0016] As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step S4, ten prepared algae samples are washed clean on the surfaces by distilled water, water on the surfaces of algae is drained, the algae samples are dried at the temperature of 60 ℃ by drying equipment, the dried algae samples are ground by grinding equipment after 40 hours, the algae samples are ground into uniform powder, the ground algae samples are filtered by an 80-mesh sieve, an element analyzer is used for measuring the carbon content of the filtered algae powder, the ten samples are operated according to the method to obtain ten carbon content values, and the ten carbon content values are averaged to obtain the final carbon content value of the algae.|[0017] As a still further scheme of the invention: in S5, the surfaces of shells and soft tissues of ten shellfish samples which are ready to be classified are washed clean by distilled water, the water on the surfaces of the soft tissues and the shells is drained, the soft tissues and the shells are dried by a drying device at the temperature of 60 ℃, the dried samples are taken out after 40 hours, the shells and the soft tissues are ground into uniform powder by a grinding device, the ground shells and the soft tissues are respectively filtered by an 80-mesh screen, the filtered shell powder and the filtered soft tissue powder are separately stored, an element analyzer is adopted to respectively measure the carbon contents of the shell powder and the soft tissue powder, the ten shellfish samples are operated according to the above modes to obtain the carbon contents of ten shells and the carbon contents of ten soft tissues, the carbon contents of the ten shells are calculated to obtain an average value, the carbon contents of the ten shells are calculated to obtain the average value, the final carbon content of the soft tissue and the final carbon content of the shell are obtained.|[0018] As a still further scheme of the invention: the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to the carbon content of the algae multiplied by the total amount of the algae, and the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to a formula II: the carbon content of the soft tissue is the carbon content of the soft tissue multiplied by the total amount of the soft tissue, and the carbon content of the soft tissue is obtained through calculation according to a formula III: and (3) calculating the carbon content of the shell, namely the carbon content of the shell multiplied by the total amount of the shell, according to a formula IV: the shellfish carbon content is the sum of the soft tissue carbon content and the shell carbon content, and the shellfish carbon content is obtained according to the formula V: and (4) finally evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity in the known area, wherein the carbon sequestration capacity is shellfish carbon content plus algae carbon content.|[0019] The application of the carbon sink assessment model for the fishery industry of the marine ranching obtains the carbon content value of algae, the carbon content of soft tissues and the carbon content of shells through measurement, and finally can comprehensively measure, calculate and assess the carbon sink capacity in one area through calculation of a formula I to a formula V.|[0020] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0021] 1. the invention provides a basis for the evaluation and calculation of the carbon sink capacity of the marine fishery, the selected shellfish and algae are varieties with remarkable carbon sink capacity, the carbon sink amount in one region is estimated, the invention is suitable for the calculation and evaluation of the carbon sink capacity in different sea areas, the invention provides powerful data support for the economic benefit and development prospect of marine carbon sink breeding, has important significance for the research of marine carbon sink, and can make powerful guarantee and contribution to the development of the sustainable society.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.|[0023] In the embodiment of the invention, a method for constructing a carbon sink evaluation model for fishery in a marine ranching comprises the following steps:|[0024] s1, selecting a sample area;|[0025] s2, harvesting the shellfish and algae in the sample area;|[0026] s3, separating the shells from the soft bodies;|[0027] s4, measuring the carbon content of the algae;|[0028] s5, measuring the carbon content of the soft tissue and the shell in the shellfish;|[0029] and S6, calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sink capacity of the area class.|[0030] In S1, firstly, a sample area to be selected is determined, professional fishing personnel are arranged to catch shellfish and algae in the sample area according to a proportion, in S2, after the shellfish and algae in the sample area in S1 are caught from seawater, ten shellfish samples and ten algae samples are randomly selected, each sample is independently placed, in S3, ten shellfish samples in S2 are separated, the soft tissues and shells of shellfish bodies are peeled off, the soft tissues and shells are separated, the soft tissues and shells in ten shellfish samples are separately stored, in S4, prepared ten algae samples are washed clean on the surfaces by distilled water, the water on the surfaces of the algae bodies is controlled to be dry, then the algae samples are dried by drying equipment at the temperature of 60 ℃, after 40 hours, the dried algae samples are ground by grinding equipment, grinding an algae sample into uniform powder, filtering the ground algae sample through an 80-mesh sieve, measuring the carbon content of the filtered algae powder by using an element analyzer, washing the surfaces of shells and soft tissues of ten shellfish samples by distilled water respectively in S5, controlling the water on the surfaces of the soft tissues and the shells, drying the soft tissues and the shells by a drying device at 60 ℃, taking out the dried samples after 40 hours, grinding the shells and the soft tissues into uniform powder by grinding equipment, filtering the ground shells and the soft tissues by the 80-mesh sieve respectively, and storing the filtered shell powder and the soft tissue powder separately, and respectively measuring the carbon contents of the shell powder and the soft tissue powder by using an element analyzer, operating ten shellfish samples according to the above modes to obtain the carbon contents of ten shells and the carbon contents of ten soft tissues, calculating the carbon contents of the ten shells to obtain an average value, calculating the carbon contents of the ten soft tissues to obtain the final carbon contents of the soft tissues and the shells, and in S6, according to a formula I in numerical formulas S4 and S5: the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to the carbon content of the algae multiplied by the total amount of the algae, and the carbon content of the algae is calculated according to a formula II: the carbon content of the soft tissue is the carbon content of the soft tissue multiplied by the total amount of the soft tissue, and the carbon content of the soft tissue is obtained through calculation according to a formula III: and (3) calculating the carbon content of the shell, namely the carbon content of the shell multiplied by the total amount of the shell, according to a formula IV: the shellfish carbon content is the sum of the soft tissue carbon content and the shell carbon content, and the shellfish carbon content is obtained according to the formula V: and (4) finally evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity in the known area, wherein the carbon sequestration capacity is shellfish carbon content plus algae carbon content.|[0031] The application of the carbon sink assessment model for the fishery industry of the marine ranching obtains the carbon content value of algae, the carbon content of soft tissues and the carbon content of shells through measurement, and finally can comprehensively measure, calculate and assess the carbon sink capacity in one area through calculation of a formula I to a formula V.|[0032] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. | Family Number|(97768099)|97768099|Abstract|(CN113820457 A)|The invention discloses a construction method and application of a marine ranch fishery carbon sink evaluation model . The method comprises the following steps : S1 , selecting a sample area ; S2 , collecting shellfish and algae in the sample area ; S3 , separating soft bodies from shells of the shellfishes ; S4 , determining the carbon content of the algae ; S5 , measuring the soft tissues in the shellfish and the carbon content of the shellfish ; S6 , calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sequestration capacity of the regional category , the method provides a basis for evaluation and calculation of the carbon sequestration capacity of marine fishery , the selected shellfish and algae are varieties with remarkable carbon sequestration capacity , the carbon sequestration amount in one region is estimated , the method is suitable for calculation and evaluation of the carbon sequestration capacity of different sea areas , powerful data support is provided for economic benefits and development prospects of ocean carbon sink cultivation , the method has important significance on ocean carbon sink research , and powerful guarantee and contribution can be made to development of sustainable society . | | Analysis of biological materials|Computer technology | G01N-001/28/6|G01N-001/44|G01N-033/00|G01N-2001/2866|G06F-017/11 | G01N-001/28/6|G01N-001/44|G01N-033/00|G01N-2001/2866|G06F-017/11 | G01N-001/28|G01N-001/44|G01N-033/00|G06F-017/11 | G01N-001/28|G01N-001/44|G01N-033/00|G06F-017/11 | CN118213002|CN114925319B | CN118213002 110256026 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN114925319B 101401222 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | LAPSED | (CN113820457)|LAPSED | DEAD | (CN113820457)|DEAD | (CN113820457)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN113820457|Actual or expected expiration date=2022-05-10|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2021-09-24|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202111119778|Application date=2021-09-24|Standardized application number=2021CN-1119778|Event publication date=2021-12-21|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN113820457|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2021-12-21|Standardized publication number=CN113820457|Event publication date=2021-12-21|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2022-01-07|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2022-05-10|Event code=CN/WW01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Withdrawal of patent application after publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSY4UOTlYT+MFfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=3UxJATjPFcYTdBOL0fVZ7ZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN113820457)|CN | (CN113820457)|NAME=SICHUAN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL COLLEGE , COUNTRY=CN | (CN113820457)|NAME=GENG CAIHONG;BEIJING TING LI PATENT AGENCY(ORDINARY PARTNERSHIP) , REG=11265 | (CN113820457)|CN | (CN113820457)|NAME=FAN HONGJUN, COUNTRY=CN | Titre: (CN113820457)|Construction method and application of marine ranch fishery carbon sink evaluation model Résumé: (CN113820457)|The invention discloses a construction method and application of a marine ranch fishery carbon sink evaluation model. The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a sample area; S2, collecting shellfish and algae in the sample area; S3, separating soft bodies from shells of the shellfishes; S4, determining the carbon content of the algae; S5, measuring the soft tissues in the shellfish and the carbon content of the shellfish; S6, calculating according to a formula to obtain the carbon sequestration capacity of the regional category, the method provides a basis for evaluation and calculation of the carbon sequestration capacity of marine fishery, the selected shellfish and algae are varieties with remarkable carbon sequestration capacity, the carbon sequestration amount in one region is estimated, the method is suitable for calculation and evaluation of the carbon sequestration capacity of different sea areas, powerful data support is provided for economic benefits and development prospects of ocean carbon sink cultivation, the method has important significance on ocean carbon sink research, and powerful guarantee and contribution can be made to development of sustainable society. | 45.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on evaluating carbon sequestration in marine fisheries and does not discuss iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth for CO₂ uptake. | 0.0 | 2.0 | (CN113820457)|1 | (CN113820457)|7 | (CN113820457)|8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN113820457)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2021-12-21|Gazette number: GAZNUM=37-5201|Substantial examination effective date: 20220107|Number of Pages: NPAGES=6| | (CN113820457)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN113820457)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 54 | US63/413,046P|US18/376,832 | US18/376,832 | US12569808|US20240109033 | 109082825 | US12569808 B2 2026-03-10 [US12569808]|US20240109033 A1 2024-04-04 [US20240109033] | 2022-10-04|2023-10-04 | 2023-10-04 | 2026-03-10|2024-04-04 | (US12569808)|2026-03-10 | (US12569808)|2044-02-24 | (US12569808)|Carbon capture by algal inoculation of ocean ice and/or sea ice | (US12569808)|The invention features a low cost nature-based carbon sequestering vaccine presenting capacity to restore global Carbon Dioxide to pre-industrial levels over a short, perhaps singly decade use across multiple deployments. This low tech, low cost, high impact, 100% nature based solution is carbon negative during its production and throughout deployment using multiple embodiments that capture and sequestrate carbon dioxide from at least a kiloton approaching a gigaton or beyond scale. The invention uses already developed technologies and biological methods in producing a “vaccine” for inoculating selected unpopulated or sparsely populated geozones with low potentials for disrupting human activities. Embodiments feature deployment of the vaccine into extreme cold environments with minor or non-existent negative externalities. Extremophilic algal cohorts are selectively adapted by growth in serial culture for spreading at sites where the algae growth turns carbon dioxide from the ambient air into biomass that sequesters the carbon for centuries. | WHITTAKER JOHN ([GB]) | (US12569808)|Whittaker John ([GB])|(US20240109033)|Whittaker John ([GB]) | WHITTAKER JOHN | (US12569808)|Whittaker John|(US20240109033)|Whittaker John | (US12569808)|Therefore it is easy and economical to transport the vaccine to different sites for deployment.|This application permits CO_2 capture rates on a kiloton to megaton scale.|A main problem facing large scale carbon capture is the land requirement and the opportunity cost of re-purposing the land mass.|Ecosystem range is limited to areas with average positive summer temperatures, and distribution strongly influenced by marine nutrient inputs, with 60% of blooms less than 5 km from a penguin colony.| | (US12569808)|1. A method for mitigating effects of CO2 in the atmosphere, said method comprising: spreading an effective amount of a preparation of psychrophile algae onto an environmental ice surface, thereby mitigating effects of CO2 in the atmosphere.| | (US12569808)|The invention features a low cost nature-based carbon sequestering vaccine presenting capacity to restore global Carbon Dioxide to pre-industrial levels over a short, perhaps singly decade use across multiple deployments.|The invention features incorporating selectively cultured psychrophilic microalgal species onto ice sheet surfaces or into the troposphere to remove high volumes of CO_2 directly from the atmosphere and thereby to reduce or reverse the recent rise in global temperatures associated with human industrial activities.|The present invention relates to climate change and provides mitigation methods with capacities to capture gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO_2) through its efficient, low tech and low-cost deployment.| | (US12569808)|SEA ICE(100,15)|CARBON CAPTURE(100,6)|ALGAL INOCULATION(100,1)|OCEAN ICE ALGAL INOCULATION(100,1)|PSYCHROPHILE ALGAE(78,13)|CULTURED PSYCHROPHILIC MICROALGAL SPECIES(62,1)|EXTREMOPHILIC ALGAL COHORT(47,1)|SPARSELY POPULATED GEOZONE(42,1)|PSYCHROPHILIC MICROALGAL SPECIES(38,2)|PENGUIN COLONY(30,1)|PSYCHROPHILE ALGAE SPECIES(26,3)|CARBON SEQUESTERING VACCINE(26,1)|SERIAL CULTURE(25,3)|FLOATING OCEAN ICE(22,1)|MARINE NUTRIENT INPUT(22,1)|SOIL REQUIREMENT(21,1)|CYANOBACTERIA SPECIES(20,1)|VACCINE DEPLOYMENT(19,3)|SPREADING VEHICLE(19,2)|FROZEN RINK(19,1)|MEGATON SCALE(19,1)|ACROSS MULTIPLE DEPLOYMENT(18,1)|FROZEN RIVER(18,1)|KILOTON(17,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE GIGATON(16,1)|FROZEN POOL(16,1)|GLACIER ICE(16,1)|MITIGATION(16,1)|TROPOSPHERE(16,1)|FROZEN CANAL(15,2)|SPREADING DRY PARTICLE(15,1)|ALGAE GROWTH TURN(14,1)|ICE SURFACE(13,13)|HUMAN ACTIVITY DISRUPTION(13,1)|HUMAN INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY(13,1)|VACCINE(12,21)|DEPLOYMENT(12,11)|PREINDUSTRIAL LEVEL(12,3)|OPTIMIZED EXTREMOPHILE CULTURED COCKTAIL(12,2)|AVERAGE POSITIVE(11,1)|CAPTURE RATE(11,1)|ECOSYSTEM RANGE(11,1)|DECADE(10,3)|CULTURED EXTREMOPHILE PSYCHROPHILE MICROORGANISM(10,1)|EXTREME COLD ENVIRONMENT(10,1)|LIQUID DROPLET(10,1)|NON EXISTENT NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY(10,1)|RUBISCO CLIMATE(9,5)|BIO SUSTAINABLE MICROALGAE COCKTAIL(9,1)|CO2(9,1)|CULTURED PSYCHROPHILE MICROORGANISM COCKTAIL(9,1)|CENTURY(8,2)|CONSTITUENT ACCELERANT BLEND(8,2)|GLACIER ALGAE DOMINANCE(8,1)|GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE(8,1)|LAND MASS(8,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALGAL METABOLISM(8,1)|ANNUAL WORLDWIDE GHG EMISSION(7,1)|AQUEOUS LIQUID(7,1)|DEPLOYING ALGAL INOCULANT(7,1)|ESA CRYOSAT MISSION(7,1)|EXTREMOPHILE MICROSCOPIC ALGAE(7,1)|GLACIER ALGAE PURPUROGALLIN(7,1)|GLACIER ALGAL NET PRODUCTIVITY(7,1)|INCREASED GROWTH(7,1)|LAKE(7,1)|MODELING PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR(7,1)|OPPORTUNITY COST(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(6,16)|GLACIAL ALGAE(6,3)|ACCELERANT GROWTH NUCLEUS(6,2)|ANTARCTIC SNOW ALGA(6,2)|CHLAMYDOMONAS NIVALIS(6,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS OBSERVATION(6,1)|CONSTITUENT INGREDIENT CULTURED COCKTAIL(6,1)|GLACIER ALGAE ADAPTATION(6,1)|GLACIER ALGAL RICH HABITAT(6,1)|NERC CENTER DIRECTOR(6,1)|REGENERATING OCEAN BIOMASS(6,1)|DEPLOYMENT SITE(5,3)|DEPLOYMENT ZONE(5,3)|COMPOUNDING OFFSPRING(5,2)|GROWTH OPTIMIZED COCKTAIL(5,2)|INORGANIC TRACE NUTRIENT(5,2)|WIDESPREAD DEPLOYMENT(5,2)|CLIMATE VACCINE VERSION(5,1)|DENSE ALGAL COMMUNITY(5,1)|GLACIER ALGAE ACTIVE MOTILITY(5,1)|GLACIER ALGAL PHENOL CAPACITY(5,1)|GREEN SNOW ALGA COMMUNITY(5,1)|LIGHTER POWDERED FORMAT INOCULANT(5,1)|MELTING INOCULATED ICEBERG(5,1)|PERIGLACIAL ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|PHOTOTROPH EXTREMOPHILE(5,1)|PSYCHROPHILIC MICROALGAE(5,1)|PURCHASED PHOTOBIOREACTOR(5,1)|SPREAD RESULT(5,1)|SUBGLACIAL ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|THRIVING AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|VACCINE ORGANISM PROPAGATION(5,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE(4,4)|OPTIMIZED GROWTH(4,3)|BIOMASS DEGRADATION(4,2)|BREAKAWAY FLOATING ICE SHEET(4,2)|DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS(4,2)|DISPERSAL SITE(4,2)|LOW TECH(4,2)|MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR(4,2)|MICROORGANISM SPECIES(4,2)|PSYCHROPHILE MICRO ORGANISM(4,2)|SEA ICE ALGAE(4,2)|SQUARE METER(4,2)|TARGET ZONE(4,2)|ACCELERANT NUTRIENT(4,1)|ALGAE STRAIN(4,1)|ALGAL BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|ALGAL PATHWAY(4,1)|AMAZONIAN RAIN FOREST(4,1)|AMBIENT AIR(4,1)|APPLICATION PERMIT(4,1)|BIO REACTOR DEDICATION(4,1)|COMMUNITY MARGINALIZATION(4,1)|CONCENTRATE INOCULUM(4,1)|DEPLOYED INOCULATION(4,1)|DORMANT ZYGOSPORE PRODUCTION(4,1)|ENHANCED FE PRECIPITATION(4,1)|ESA COLEADER(4,1)|FERTILIZER MANUFACTURE(4,1)|FLAGELLATE MIGRATION(4,1)|FOREST BIOMASS(4,1)|FSU ASSISTANT PROFESSOR(4,1)|GLACIER ALGAE BLOOM(4,1)|GLACIER CENTERLINE(4,1)|GLACIER TERMINUS(4,1)|GRAVITATIONAL DRAW(4,1)|ICE ENVIRONMENT COLONIZATION(4,1)|ICEBERG INOCULATION(4,1)|INCOME OPPORTUNITY(4,1)|INOCULANT TRANSPORTATION(4,1)|INTERSPECCIAL INTERACTION(4,1)|MANUFACTURING CLIMATE VACCINE(4,1)|MARINE THERMOCLINE(4,1)|METABOLIC ELECTRON SINK(4,1)|MICROALGAE LIVING(4,1)|MICROORGANISM UN COLONIZED ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|MINERAL ANDRADITE(4,1)|NONOPTIMIZED CULTURE(4,1)|OCEAN EXPANSE(4,1)|ORIGIN CULTURED PHIAL AGAR(4,1)|PHOTOPROTECTIVE PIGMENT(4,1)|PHOTOPROTECTIVE ROLE(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC MACHINERY(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(4,1)|PLANKTON BIOMASS(4,1)|PLANKTON BLOOM(4,1)|POSITIVELY CHARGED OLIVINE(4,1)|POTHOLE POCKET(4,1)|PRACTITIONER DISCRETION(4,1)|RCV PROGENY(4,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON PERMANENT DEPOSITION(4,1)|SNOW ALBEDO(4,1)|SNOW ALGA BLOOM(4,1)|SNOW ALGAL GROWTH(4,1)|SOLAR IRRADIANCE(4,1)|SOUTHWESTERN GRIS REGION(4,1)|SOUTHWESTERN SECTOR(4,1)|SPECIALIZED DRONE(4,1)|SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITY(4,1)|SUMMER MELT SEASON(4,1)|SUSTAINABLE DEPLOYMENT(4,1)|THERMODYNAMICALLY UNFAVORABLE COLD ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|TRILLION USD(4,1)|TROPOSPHERE CLOUD LAYER(4,1)|VENTILATED WAREHOUSE(4,1)|VISUALLY STRIKING ADAPTATION(4,1)|WIDESPREAD DARKENING(4,1)|ICE SHEET(3,17)|CELL ML(3,8)|GLOBAL TEMPERATURE(3,5)|LATITUDE(3,3)|LOW COST DEPLOYMENT(3,3)|CARBON NEGATIVE(3,2)|ICE SHEET SURFACE(3,2)|IMPOUNDMENT PERIOD(3,2)|ABLATION SEASON(3,1)|ALGA STRAIN(3,1)|ALGAL SPECIES(3,1)|ARTIFICIALLY INCREASING CLOUD(3,1)|CCRC EXPERIMENT(3,1)|CHLAMYDOMONAS CHLOROMONAS CHLAINOMONA COMPLEX(3,1)|CONCENTRATED RCV(3,1)|CULTURE VACCINE(3,1)|CULTURED ORGANISM(3,1)|EARTH PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,1)|EIFEX EXPERIMENT(3,1)|EOLIAN FORCING(3,1)|FE INTENSITY PIXEL(3,1)|FE RICH ANDRADITE(3,1)|FERMENTATION EMISSION(3,1)|FUNCTIONAL VACCINE(3,1)|GENERALIST SPECIES(3,1)|GLOBAL BIOSPHERE COMPONENT(3,1)|GLOBAL POTENTIAL REVENUE(3,1)|GREEN MICROALGAE(3,1)|GROWING ALGAE(3,1)|HTML FINDING(3,1)|INORGANIC ACCELERANT(3,1)|IRON KILOGRAM(3,1)|LARGE SCALE CARBON CAPTURE(3,1)|LIVE MICROORGANISM(3,1)|MELTING SNOWPACK(3,1)|MODELING EFFORT(3,1)|NOAA SATELLITE(3,1)|NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY(3,1)|PHENOLIC PIGMENT(3,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS IRRADIANCE CURVE(3,1)|PLANT COMMUNITY(3,1)|RAPID ARCTIC MELTING(3,1)|SHORT SUMMER GROWTH SEASON(3,1)|SPECIALIST ENZYME PRODUCTION(3,1)|SPECIALIST PIGMENT PRODUCTION(3,1)|TARGET PROLIFERATION SITE(3,1)|TREE CANOPY(3,1)|VACCINE ACTIVE CONSTITUENT ORGANISM(3,1)|VACCINE CONCENTRATE VOLUME(3,1)|WIDESPREAD BLOOM(3,1)|YEAST PROVIDER(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(2,4)|LITER(2,3)|STORAGE CONDITION(2,3)|3N BBM(2,2)|ACCELERATED CARBON CAPTURE(2,2)|ALTITUDE(2,2)|AUTHORITY(2,2)|CAPTURE CARBON DIOXIDE(2,2)|CRYOCONITE(2,2)|DARK ZONE(2,2)|DESICCATION(2,2)|DISPENSER(2,2)|FE FORMATION(2,2)|FLOURISH(2,2)|IRRADIANCE LEVEL(2,2)|MELTING GLACIER(2,2)|MICRO TEMPERATURE(2,2)|PRECIPITATE(2,2)|PURCHASED PRODUCT(2,2)|VACCINE TRIAL PRODUCTION(2,2)|ABIOTIC CONDITION(2,1)|ACCESSING FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL DATA PORTAL(2,1)|ACTIVE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,1)|ADAPTED CROP SPRAYING AIRCRAFT(2,1)|AGAR SLOPE(2,1)|AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE(2,1)|AMBIENT NONREFRIGERATED TEMPERATURE(2,1)|ANIMAL FOOD ADDITIVE(2,1)|AQUEOUS CULTURE(2,1)|ARCTIC FOOD WEB(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CLOUD(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC RELEASE(2,1)|AUTOCHTHONOUS ORGANIC CARBON ACCUMULATION(2,1)|BATCH GROWTH(2,1)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION(2,1)|BIOPROCESSOR(2,1)|BOOST CDR OUTPUT PERFORMANCE(2,1)|BULK ICE(2,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|CARBON TONNE(2,1)|CELL MEMBRANE FLUIDITY(2,1)|CLEAN GLACIER(2,1)|COLD ASSOCIATED STRESSOR(2,1)|CONCENTRATED VACCINE SUPPLY(2,1)|CREATED ICE RINK(2,1)|CRITICAL NUTRIENT(2,1)|CULTURED SPECIES(2,1)|DARK ICE CONSPICUOUS AREA(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN SEA FLOOR(2,1)|DESIGNED COCKTAIL(2,1)|DILUTED VACCINE(2,1)|DILUTION ROUTE(2,1)|DINOFLAGELLATE(2,1)|DISPERSION RESULT(2,1)|DISTORTION(2,1)|DISTRIBUTION PREDICTED PATTERN(2,1)|DOMINANT ION(2,1)|DRYING CLIMATE(2,1)|EUKARYOTE(2,1)|FEED CLIMATE RESEARCH(2,1)|FEEDING CULTURE(2,1)|FLAGELLATED LIFE STAGE ABSENCE(2,1)|FLOATING SEA ICE(2,1)|FOLD DILUTION(2,1)|FREEZE DRIED ALGAL CULTURE(2,1)|FREQUENT CHANGING(2,1)|GLACIER SCALE(2,1)|GROUND COVERING(2,1)|GROWTH ACCELERANT INERT LIGHT(2,1)|ICE ALGA GROWTH(2,1)|INCREASED MELTWATER FLUSHING(2,1)|INTENSE DAILY CHANGE(2,1)|INTENSE INTRODUCTION(2,1)|INVENTOR DIRECTED ASSOCIATE(2,1)|IRON DEFICIENCY CONDITION(2,1)|IRON EXPORT RATIO(2,1)|KEY NUTRIENT(2,1)|KILOTON SCALE(2,1)|LIGHT HARVESTING PIGMENT SUITE(2,1)|LIGHT POWDERED FORMAT INOCULANT(2,1)|MAJOR CONTRIBUTION(2,1)|MASS BALANCE INTERCOMPARISON(2,1)|MICROORGANISM DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE(2,1)|MIMICKING CONDITION(2,1)|MINIMUM MANUAL INTERVENTION(2,1)|MXRF MEASUREMENT(2,1)|NUMEROUS DAUGHTER CELL(2,1)|OXYGEN GAS(2,1)|PARTICLE ABSORPTION(2,1)|PERMIT RAPID RESUMPTION(2,1)|PERSONAL OBSERVATION(2,1)|PHIAL SOLUTION(2,1)|PHOTOPROTECTION(2,1)|PLANT CARBON FOOTPRINT(2,1)|POLAR BEAR RESEARCHER(2,1)|POLAR JET STREAM(2,1)|POLAR OBSERVATION(2,1)|POST DEPLOYMENT(2,1)|PRACTITIONER PLAN(2,1)|PROGENY PRODUCTION(2,1)|RAPID UPTAKE(2,1)|RCV WORK(2,1)|REPORTED OBSERVATION(2,1)|RESISTANT CYST FORMATION(2,1)|RSV PRODUCTION(2,1)|RUBISCO PRODUCT(2,1)|SEA FOOD CHAIN(2,1)|SEA ICE MODEL CALCULATOR(2,1)|SEA ICE YEAR EXTENT(2,1)|SNOW ALGA ATTACHMENT(2,1)|SNOW ALGA CELL(2,1)|SNOW ALGA GROWTH(2,1)|SOUTHWESTERLY REGION(2,1)|SQ KM(2,1)|STABLE ICE ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|SUNLIGHT ENERGY(2,1)|SUPRAGLACIAL CARBON BUDGET(2,1)|SUPRAGLACIAL CARBON FIXATION(2,1)|TRUE SNOW(2,1)|UNINHABITABLE TEMPORARY FLOATING STRUCTURE(2,1)|USER PERMISSION(2,1)|UV RADIATION(2,1)|UV REGIME(2,1)|VACCINATION(2,1)|VACCINE ELEMENT PROPAGATION(2,1)|VACCINE PRODUCTION PHASE(2,1)|VIABILITY TESTING(2,1)|WILLINGNESS(2,1)|ACCESSIBILITY(1,1)|ACIDIC PH(1,1)|ACTIVE ART(1,1)|AMBIENT GAS(1,1)|APPARENT UBIQUITY(1,1)|ARCHAEA(1,1)|BASE CULTURE(1,1)|BIODIVERSITY(1,1)|BREWER(1,1)|CARBON CONTENT(1,1)|CARBON REMOVAL FACILITY(1,1)|CARRIER MEDIUM(1,1)|CELL DENSITY(1,1)|CELL PROTECTION(1,1)|CHLOROPHYTA(1,1)|CHLOROPLAST(1,1)|CHRYSOPHYTE(1,1)|CLIMATE CRISIS(1,1)|COAST(1,1)|COLLECTED DATA DAILY(1,1)|CONJUGATION(1,1)|CONTINENT(1,1)|COOPERATION(1,1)|CRITTER(1,1)|CROP DUSTING(1,1)|CRYOSPHERE(1,1)|CRYPTOMONAD(1,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(1,1)|CYANOBACTERIA(1,1)|DECLINE(1,1)|DELIVERY VEHICLE MASS CAPACITY(1,1)|DEPLOYED SPECIES GROWTH RATE(1,1)|DETRITUS MUCK(1,1)|DILUTION RATE(1,1)|DIMINISHED SNOW COVER(1,1)|DISAPPEARANCE(1,1)||(US20240109033)|CO2(100,23)|SEA ICE(100,14)|DISPENSER(100,7)|CARBON CAPTURE(100,6)|ALGAL INOCULATION(100,1)|OCEAN ICE ALGAL INOCULATION(100,1)|CULTURED PSYCHROPHILE ALGAE(84,2)|PSYCHROPHILE ALGAE(80,12)|PSYCHROPHILE ALGAE CARGO(64,1)|CULTURED PSYCHROPHILIC MICROALGAL SPECIES(62,1)|EXTREMOPHILIC ALGAL COHORT(47,1)|SPARSELY POPULATED GEOZONE(42,1)|PSYCHROPHILIC MICROALGAL SPECIES(38,2)|PENGUIN COLONY(30,1)|PSYCHROPHILE ALGAE SPECIES(26,3)|CARBON SEQUESTERING VACCINE(26,1)|SERIAL CULTURE(25,3)|MARINE NUTRIENT INPUT(22,1)|SOIL REQUIREMENT(21,1)|VACCINE DEPLOYMENT(19,3)|SPREADING VEHICLE(19,2)|FROZEN RINK(19,1)|MEGATON SCALE(19,1)|ACROSS MULTIPLE DEPLOYMENT(18,1)|FROZEN RIVER(18,1)|KILOTON(17,2)|GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE(17,1)|TRANSPORTER(17,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE GIGATON(16,1)|FROZEN POOL(16,1)|GLACIER ICE(16,1)|MITIGATION(16,1)|TROPOSPHERE(16,1)|ALGAE GROWTH(15,2)|FROZEN CANAL(15,2)|CO2 CAPTURE RATE(15,1)|CO2 VOLUME(15,1)|SPREADING DRY PARTICLE(15,1)|HUMAN ACTIVITY DISRUPTION(13,1)|HUMAN INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY(13,1)|VACCINE(12,22)|ICE SURFACE(12,12)|DEPLOYMENT(12,11)|PREINDUSTRIAL LEVEL(12,3)|OPTIMIZED EXTREMOPHILE CULTURED COCKTAIL(12,2)|AVERAGE POSITIVE(11,1)|ECOSYSTEM RANGE(11,1)|DECADE(10,3)|CULTURED EXTREMOPHILE PSYCHROPHILE MICROORGANISM(10,1)|EXTREME COLD ENVIRONMENT(10,1)|LIQUID DROPLET(10,1)|NON EXISTENT NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY(10,1)|RUBISCO CLIMATE(9,5)|BIO SUSTAINABLE MICROALGAE COCKTAIL(9,1)|CULTURED PSYCHROPHILE MICROORGANISM COCKTAIL(9,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(8,20)|CENTURY(8,2)|CONSTITUENT ACCELERANT BLEND(8,2)|GLACIER ALGAE DOMINANCE(8,1)|LAND MASS(8,1)|MOBILITY(8,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALGAL METABOLISM(8,1)|LIVING ORGANISM(7,2)|ANNUAL WORLDWIDE GHG EMISSION(7,1)|AQUEOUS LIQUID(7,1)|DEPLOYING ALGAL INOCULANT(7,1)|EXTREMOPHILE MICROSCOPIC ALGAE(7,1)|GLACIER ALGAE PURPUROGALLIN(7,1)|GLACIER ALGAL NET PRODUCTIVITY(7,1)|INCREASED GROWTH(7,1)|LAKE(7,1)|MODELING PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR(7,1)|OPPORTUNITY COST(7,1)|ACCELERANT GROWTH NUCLEUS(6,2)|ANTARCTIC SNOW ALGA(6,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS OBSERVATION(6,1)|CONSTITUENT INGREDIENT CULTURED COCKTAIL(6,1)|GLACIAL ALGAE THRIVE(6,1)|GLACIER ALGAE ADAPTATION(6,1)|GLACIER ALGAL RICH HABITAT(6,1)|NERC CENTER DIRECTOR(6,1)|REGENERATING OCEAN BIOMASS(6,1)|DEPLOYMENT SITE(5,3)|DEPLOYMENT ZONE(5,3)|COMPOUNDING OFFSPRING(5,2)|GROWTH OPTIMIZED COCKTAIL(5,2)|INORGANIC TRACE NUTRIENT(5,2)|WIDESPREAD DEPLOYMENT(5,2)|CHLAMYDOMONAS CHLOROMONA CHLAINOMONAS COMPLEX(5,1)|CLIMATE VACCINE VERSION(5,1)|CONTROLLED RELEASE(5,1)|DENSE ALGAL COMMUNITY(5,1)|GLACIER ALGAE ACTIVE MOTILITY(5,1)|GREEN SNOW ALGA COMMUNITY(5,1)|LIGHTER POWDERED FORMAT INOCULANT(5,1)|MELTING INOCULATED ICEBERG(5,1)|PERIGLACIAL ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|PHOTOTROPH EXTREMOPHILE(5,1)|PSYCHROPHILIC MICROALGAE(5,1)|PURCHASED PHOTOBIOREACTOR(5,1)|SUBGLACIAL ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|THRIVING AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|TURN CARBON DIOXIDE(5,1)|VACCINE ORGANISM PROPAGATION(5,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE(4,4)|GASEOUS CO2(4,3)|OPTIMIZED GROWTH(4,3)|BIOMASS DEGRADATION(4,2)|BREAKAWAY FLOATING ICE SHEET(4,2)|DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS(4,2)|DISPERSAL SITE(4,2)|LOW TECH(4,2)|MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR(4,2)|MICROORGANISM SPECIES(4,2)|PSYCHROPHILE MICRO ORGANISM(4,2)|SEA ICE ALGAE(4,2)|SQUARE METER(4,2)|TARGET ZONE(4,2)|ACCELERANT NUTRIENT(4,1)|ALGAE STRAIN(4,1)|ALGAL BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|ALGAL PATHWAY(4,1)|AMAZONIAN RAIN FOREST(4,1)|AMBIENT AIR(4,1)|APPLICATION PERMIT(4,1)|BIO REACTOR DEDICATION(4,1)|CO2 TON(4,1)|COMMUNITY MARGINALIZATION(4,1)|CONCENTRATE INOCULUM(4,1)|CRYOSAT MISSION(4,1)|DEPLOYED INOCULATION(4,1)|DORMANT ZYGOSPORE PRODUCTION(4,1)|ENHANCED FE PRECIPITATION(4,1)|FERTILIZER MANUFACTURE(4,1)|FLAGELLATE MIGRATION(4,1)|FOREST BIOMASS(4,1)|FSU ASSISTANT PROFESSOR(4,1)|GLACIER ALGAE BLOOM(4,1)|GLACIER CENTERLINE(4,1)|GLACIER TERMINUS(4,1)|GRAVITATIONAL DRAW(4,1)|ICE ENVIRONMENT COLONIZATION(4,1)|ICEBERG INOCULATION(4,1)|INCOME OPPORTUNITY(4,1)|INOCULANT TRANSPORTATION(4,1)|INTERSPECCIAL INTERACTION(4,1)|MANUFACTURING CLIMATE VACCINE(4,1)|MARINE THERMOCLINE(4,1)|MAXIMAL CO2 CAPTURE(4,1)|METABOLIC ELECTRON SINK(4,1)|MICROALGAE LIVING(4,1)|MICROORGANISM UN COLONIZED ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|MINERAL ANDRADITE(4,1)|NONOPTIMIZED CULTURE(4,1)|OCEAN EXPANSE(4,1)|ORIGIN CULTURED PHIAL AGAR(4,1)|PHOTOPROTECTIVE PIGMENT(4,1)|PHOTOPROTECTIVE ROLE(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC MACHINERY(4,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(4,1)|PLANKTON BIOMASS(4,1)|PLANKTON BLOOM(4,1)|POTHOLE POCKET(4,1)|PRACTITIONER DISCRETION(4,1)|RCV PROGENY(4,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON PERMANENT DEPOSITION(4,1)|SNOW ALBEDO(4,1)|SNOW ALGA BLOOM(4,1)|SNOW ALGAL GROWTH(4,1)|SOLAR IRRADIANCE(4,1)|SOUTHWESTERN GRIS REGION(4,1)|SOUTHWESTERN SECTOR(4,1)|SPECIALIZED DRONE(4,1)|SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITY(4,1)|SUMMER MELT SEASON(4,1)|SUSTAINABLE DEPLOYMENT(4,1)|THERMODYNAMICALLY UNFAVORABLE COLD ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|TRILLION USD(4,1)|TROPOSPHERE CLOUD LAYER(4,1)|VENTILATED WAREHOUSE(4,1)|VISUALLY STRIKING ADAPTATION(4,1)|WIDESPREAD DARKENING(4,1)|ICE SHEET(3,16)|CELL ML(3,8)|GLOBAL TEMPERATURE(3,5)|CHLAMYDOMONAS NIVALIS(3,3)|CHLOROMONAS PICHINCHAE(3,3)|LATITUDE(3,3)|LOW COST DEPLOYMENT(3,3)|CARBON NEGATIVE(3,2)|ICE SHEET SURFACE(3,2)|IMPOUNDMENT PERIOD(3,2)|ABLATION SEASON(3,1)|ALGA STRAIN(3,1)|ALGAL PHENOL(3,1)|ALGAL SPECIES(3,1)|ARTIFICIALLY INCREASING CLOUD(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(3,1)|CCRC EXPERIMENT(3,1)|CO2 ASSIMILATION(3,1)|CO2 DISAPPEARANCE(3,1)|CO2 MEGATON(3,1)|CONCENTRATED RCV(3,1)|CONSUME AMBIENT CO2(3,1)|CULTURE VACCINE(3,1)|CULTURED ORGANISM(3,1)|EARTH PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,1)|EIFEX EXPERIMENT(3,1)|EOLIAN FORCING(3,1)|FE INTENSITY PIXEL(3,1)|FE RICH ANDRADITE(3,1)|FERMENTATION EMISSION(3,1)|FUNCTIONAL VACCINE(3,1)|GENERALIST SPECIES(3,1)|GLOBAL BIOSPHERE COMPONENT(3,1)|GLOBAL POTENTIAL REVENUE(3,1)|GREEN MICROALGAE(3,1)|GROWING ALGAE(3,1)|HTML FINDING(3,1)|INORGANIC ACCELERANT(3,1)|IRON KILOGRAM(3,1)|LARGE SCALE CARBON CAPTURE(3,1)|LIVE MICROORGANISM(3,1)|MELTING SNOWPACK(3,1)|MODELING EFFORT(3,1)|NET CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|NOAA SATELLITE(3,1)|NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY(3,1)|PHENOLIC PIGMENT(3,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS IRRADIANCE CURVE(3,1)|PLANT COMMUNITY(3,1)|RAPID ARCTIC MELTING(3,1)|SHORT SUMMER GROWTH SEASON(3,1)|SPECIALIST ENZYME PRODUCTION(3,1)|SPECIALIST PIGMENT PRODUCTION(3,1)|TARGET PROLIFERATION SITE(3,1)|TREE CANOPY(3,1)|VACCINE ACTIVE CONSTITUENT ORGANISM(3,1)|VACCINE CONCENTRATE VOLUME(3,1)|WIDESPREAD BLOOM(3,1)|YEAST PROVIDER(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING(2,4)|6H2O(2,3)|LITER(2,3)|STORAGE CONDITION(2,3)|3N BBM(2,2)|ACCELERATED CARBON CAPTURE(2,2)|ALTITUDE(2,2)|AUTHORITY(2,2)|CAPTURE CARBON DIOXIDE(2,2)|CRYOCONITE(2,2)|DARK ZONE(2,2)|DESICCATION(2,2)|FE FORMATION(2,2)|FLOURISH(2,2)|IRRADIANCE LEVEL(2,2)|MELTING GLACIER(2,2)|MICRO TEMPERATURE(2,2)|PLANET(2,2)|PRECIPITATE(2,2)|PURCHASED PRODUCT(2,2)|VACCINE TRIAL PRODUCTION(2,2)|ABIOTIC CONDITION(2,1)|ACCESSING FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL DATA PORTAL(2,1)|ACTIVE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,1)|ADAPTED CROP SPRAYING AIRCRAFT(2,1)|AGAR SLOPE(2,1)|AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE(2,1)|AMBIENT NONREFRIGERATED TEMPERATURE(2,1)|ANIMAL FOOD ADDITIVE(2,1)|AQUEOUS CULTURE(2,1)|ARCTIC FOOD WEB(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CLOUD(2,1)|AUTOCHTHONOUS ORGANIC CARBON ACCUMULATION(2,1)|BATCH GROWTH(2,1)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION(2,1)|BIOPROCESSOR(2,1)|BULK ICE(2,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|CARBON TONNE(2,1)|CELL MEMBRANE FLUIDITY(2,1)|CLEAN GLACIER(2,1)|CO2 INTAKE(2,1)|COLD ASSOCIATED STRESSOR(2,1)|CONCENTRATED VACCINE SUPPLY(2,1)|CONSUME CO2(2,1)|CREATED ICE RINK(2,1)|CRITICAL NUTRIENT(2,1)|CULTURED SPECIES(2,1)|DARK ICE CONSPICUOUS AREA(2,1)|DEEP OCEAN SEA FLOOR(2,1)|DESIGNED COCKTAIL(2,1)|DILUTED VACCINE(2,1)|DILUTION ROUTE(2,1)|DINOFLAGELLATE(2,1)|DISPERSION RESULT(2,1)|DISTORTION(2,1)|DISTRIBUTION PREDICTED PATTERN(2,1)|DOMINANT ION(2,1)|DRYING CLIMATE(2,1)|EMITTED CO2(2,1)|EUKARYOTE(2,1)|FEED CLIMATE RESEARCH(2,1)|FEEDING CULTURE(2,1)|FLAGELLATED LIFE STAGE ABSENCE(2,1)|FLOATING SEA ICE(2,1)|FOLD DILUTION(2,1)|FREEZE DRIED ALGAL CULTURE(2,1)|FREQUENT CHANGING(2,1)|GLACIER CAPACITY(2,1)|GLACIER SCALE(2,1)|GROUND COVERING(2,1)|GROWTH ACCELERANT INERT LIGHT(2,1)|ICE ALGA GROWTH(2,1)|INCREASED MELTWATER FLUSHING(2,1)|INTENSE DAILY CHANGE(2,1)|INTENSE INTRODUCTION(2,1)|INVENTOR DIRECTED ASSOCIATE(2,1)|IRON DEFICIENCY CONDITION(2,1)|IRON EXPORT RATIO(2,1)|KEY NUTRIENT(2,1)|KILOTON SCALE(2,1)|LIGHT HARVESTING PIGMENT SUITE(2,1)|LIGHT POWDERED FORMAT INOCULANT(2,1)|MAJOR CONTRIBUTION(2,1)|MASS BALANCE INTERCOMPARISON(2,1)|MICROORGANISM DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE(2,1)|MIMICKING CONDITION(2,1)|MINIMUM MANUAL INTERVENTION(2,1)|MXRF MEASUREMENT(2,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(2,1)|OXYGEN GAS(2,1)|PARTICLE ABSORPTION(2,1)|PERMIT RAPID RESUMPTION(2,1)|PERSONAL OBSERVATION(2,1)|PHIAL SOLUTION(2,1)|PHOTOPROTECTION(2,1)|PLANT CARBON FOOTPRINT(2,1)|POLAR BEAR RESEARCHER(2,1)|POLAR JET STREAM(2,1)|POLAR OBSERVATION(2,1)|POST DEPLOYMENT(2,1)|PRACTITIONER PLAN(2,1)|PROGENY PRODUCTION(2,1)|RAPID UPTAKE(2,1)|RCV WORK(2,1)|REGULATED CO2(2,1)|REPORTED OBSERVATION(2,1)|RESISTANT CYST FORMATION(2,1)|RSV PRODUCTION(2,1)|RUBISCO PRODUCT(2,1)|SEA FOOD CHAIN(2,1)|SEA ICE MODEL CALCULATOR(2,1)|SEA ICE YEAR EXTENT(2,1)|SITE CO2 ATMOSPHERIC RELEASE(2,1)|SNOW ALGA ATTACHMENT(2,1)|SNOW ALGA CELL(2,1)|SNOW ALGA GROWTH(2,1)|SOUTHWESTERLY REGION(2,1)|SQ KM(2,1)|STABLE ICE ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|SUNLIGHT ENERGY(2,1)|SUPRAGLACIAL CARBON BUDGET(2,1)|SUPRAGLACIAL CARBON FIXATION(2,1)|THIAMINHYDROCHLORIDE(2,1)|TRUE SNOW(2,1)|UNINHABITABLE TEMPORARY FLOATING STRUCTURE(2,1)|USER PERMISSION(2,1)|UV RADIATION(2,1)|UV REGIME(2,1)|VACCINATION(2,1)|VACCINE ELEMENT PROPAGATION(2,1)|VACCINE PRODUCTION PHASE(2,1)|VIABILITY TESTING(2,1)|WARM FUTURE(2,1)|WILLINGNESS(2,1)|2H2O(1,1)|ABSORBING CARBON DIOXIDE(1,1)|ACCESSIBILITY(1,1)|ACIDIC PH(1,1)|ACTIVE ART(1,1)|AMBIENT GAS(1,1)|APPARENT UBIQUITY(1,1)|ARCHAEA(1,1)|BASE CULTURE(1,1)|BIODIVERSITY(1,1)|BREWER(1,1)|C6H12O(1,1)|CARBON CONTENT(1,1)|CARBON REMOVAL FACILITY(1,1)|CARRIER MEDIUM(1,1)|CELL DENSITY(1,1)|CELL PROTECTION(1,1)|CHLOROPHYTA(1,1)|CHLOROPLAST(1,1)|CHRYSOPHYTE(1,1)|CLIMATE CRISIS(1,1)|COAST(1,1)|COLEADER(1,1)|COLLECTED DATA DAILY(1,1)|CONJUGATION(1,1)|CONTINENT(1,1)|COOPERATION(1,1)|CRITTER(1,1)|CROP DUSTING(1,1)|CRYOSPHERE(1,1)|CRYPTOMONAD(1,1)|CULTURE CONDITION(1,1)|CYANOBACTERIA(1,1)|CYANOCOBALAMIN(1,1)| | (US12569808)|The invention claimed is:|1. A method for mitigating effects of CO2 in the atmosphere, said method comprising: spreading an effective amount of a preparation of psychrophile algae onto an environmental ice surface, thereby mitigating effects of CO2 in the atmosphere.|2. The method of claim 1 wherein said ice surface comprises floating ocean ice or sea ice.|3. The method of claim 2 wherein said ice surface comprises an iceberg.|4. The method of claim 1 wherein said ice surface is selected from the group consisting of: a frozen pool or lake, a frozen rink, a frozen canal, a frozen river, and glacier ice.|5. The method of claim 1 wherein spreading said psychrophile algae comprises preparing said psychrophile algae through serial culture that has adapted said psychrophile algae for increased growth compared to said psychrophile algae used to seed said serial culture.|6. The method of claim 1 wherein said preparation of psychrophile algae comprises a plurality of psychrophile algae species.|7. The method of claim 1 wherein said spreading comprises delivering approximately 2 x 104 organisms of said psychrophile algae per square meter of said environmental ice surface.|8. The method of claim 1 wherein said spreading comprises spreading liquid droplets comprising said preparation over said environmental ice surface.|9. The method of claim 1 wherein said spreading comprises spreading dry particles comprising said preparation over said environmental ice surface.|10. The method of claim 1 wherein said spreading comprises spreading from a spreading vehicle in contact with said environmental ice surface.|11. The method of claim 1 wherein said spreading comprises spreading from a spreading vehicle traversing above said environmental ice surface.|12. The method of claim 8 wherein prior to spreading, said preparation of psychrophile algae is diluted with an aqueous liquid to lessen the concentration of said psychrophile algae.|13. The method of claim 12 wherein said dilution is between 5 and 20 fold.|14. The method of claim 13 wherein said dilution is between 8 and 12 fold.|15. The method of claim 12 wherein said preparation comprises about 20,000 to 250,000 cells/ml prior to said dilution.|16. The method of claim 2 wherein said ice surface comprises sea ice.|17. The method of claim 1 wherein said spreading results in growth of said psychrophile algae.|18. The method of claim 1 wherein said environmental ice surface is floating.|19. The method of claim 1 wherein said preparation of psychrophile algae does not include any form of species of Cyanobacteria. | (US12569808)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to climate change and provides mitigation methods with capacities to capture gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2) through its efficient, low tech and low-cost deployment. Widespread deployment not only has the potential to create a carbon neutral environment at manufacture sites and through widespread deployment could eventually reverse climate change to pre-industrial levels potentially within a decade. This invention is carbon negative in both production and deployment. i.e., it entirely offsets energy costs of production, transportation, and deployment. The product itself does not produce any net CO2 emissions and its whole purpose is to capture CO2 from the atmosphere.|[0002] The products and methods of this invention fix carbon (as present in CO2) from the atmosphere directly in situ utilizing low cost technologies and low cost energy conversion from ambient light energy to carbon sequestering chemical energy. By administering the invention product formed as a Climate Vaccine, extreme weather events associated with industrial heat absorbing gases can be reduced. The invention features incorporating selectively cultured psychrophilic microalgal species onto ice sheet surfaces or into the troposphere to remove high volumes of CO2 directly from the atmosphere and thereby to reduce or reverse the recent rise in global temperatures associated with human industrial activities. Like any inoculation, it is important that the species, dose, timing, and location are pre-determined for optimal planning and efficacy.|BACKGROUND|[0003] Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that is a major contributor to the increase in global temperature. It is proposed by the inventor that by administering psychrophilic microalgal species onto breakaway floating ice sheets and icebergs that the resulting cell growth on such surfaces will remove the high amounts of CO2 directly from the atmosphere. This activity will reduce or even reverse the rise in global temperature to return closer to pre-industrial levels. Icebergs and are naturally occurring uninhabitable temporary floating structures which appear and disappear seasonally or cyclically. Floating ice sheets are distributed naturally by ocean currents and as such are ideal sites for utilizing the opportunity for carbon capture and deposition into the ocean biomass. The sea ice sheets are formed from fresh water rather than salt water, which is essential for the vaccine. It is proposed that by administering the vaccine onto breakaway floating ice sheets and icebergs that the resulting cell growth will remove the high levels of carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. This application permits CO2 capture rates on a kiloton to megaton scale. The invention is also compatible for less motile, e.g., frozen lake surface, man made ice field or ice rink, snowcap, glacier, frozen canal or river, etc.|[0004] A main problem facing large scale carbon capture is the land requirement and the opportunity cost of re-purposing the land mass. Costs in terms of technology and energy are tremendous. This present invention fixes carbon from the atmosphere directly within the atmosphere utilizing low cost technology and low cost energy conversion avoiding the problematic re-purposing of land.|The Vaccine|[0005] Production of the vaccine itself captures CO2 on a kiloton scale|[0006] A first embodiment for manufacturing the Climate Vaccine features photobioreactors that are placed in industrial or other facilities that emit large amounts (higher than ambient concentrations) of CO2. This embodiment in its simplest application converts industrial sourced CO2 to solid biomass thus preventing atmospheric contamination. A second embodiment piggybacking on this, involves harvesting, packaging, and then deploying the biomass product in environments such as: ice rink units that are functionally constructed for direct capture of CO2 from surrounding air, natural ice fields, including icebergs or ice sheets, atmospheric clouds, etc. The biomass invention is a product of Rubisco which has applied to it the name Climate Vaccine® aka: Rubisco Climate Vaccine®.|[0007] Post manufacture, versions of the Climate Vaccine may be deployed across a variety of environments, e.g., in the cloud layer of the troposphere and/or on existing natural ice sheets such as icebergs and ice sheets. The equation for Photosynthesis 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2. Practicing the instant invention stimulates massive amounts of photosynthetic algal metabolism and growth. The result is disappearance of CO2 from the ambient atmosphere with increased release of O2. Both these effects serve to counter the deleterious effects of the industrial age appearing in our atmosphere.|[0008] The RubisCO Climate Vaccine® (RCV) comprises a cultured cocktail of specifically optimized extremophile psychrophile micro-organisms, optimally together with a blend of constituent accelerants. The accelerants are selectable by the practitioner according to desired criteria, e.g., cost, volume, mass, mass:volume ratio, color, packaging, storage, regulation, etc. The cultured cocktail may comprise a single seed species or strain adapted to rapid growth and proliferation under culturing conditions approximating or mimicking conditions to be encountered in the select environment after local Vaccine deployment. For wider (non-specific) applications a cocktail not specific to a particular deployment zone may comprise two or more cultured species. The packaged plurality of species may be desired for general deployments when the optimal species or strain has not been addressed. The accelerants may be optimally designed with the cultured cocktail for inoculation at specific locations to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere.|[0009] The RubisCO Climate Vaccine® (RCV) comprises a cultured cocktail of specifically optimized extremophile psychrophile micro-organisms optimally together with a blend of constituent accelerants. The accelerants are optimally designed with the cultured cocktail for inoculation at specific locations to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere.|[0010] Post deployment, the vaccine is self-propagating as it consumes and removes CO2 from its industrial or other facility or rink or ice field in the existing or natural environment. The Vaccine live elements absorb sunlight and CO2 as they grow and proliferate forming progeny live elements that grow and proliferate. Pre-deployment, RSV can be readily stored in small 100 to 1,000 ml bottles or larger, jugs, barrels, tank, sized containers in ambient conditions, e.g., a ventilated warehouse, without any special requirements. Aqueous cultures may be further processed by lyophilization or freeze drying for compact long term storage and as an alternative to liquid prep-spraying at deployment. The reduced weight and volume of the lighter powdered format inoculant can result in lower cost deployment, larger inoculation area from a single inoculation run, increased dispersion, lessened logistical problems and a larger potential direct capture of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere.|[0011] In preferred embodiments, during RSV production, specifically site adapted portable Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) units at industrial sites that are producing significant CO2 emissions to avoid atmospheric release of the site's CO2. The CDR units are optionally further enabled by running commercially purchased photobioreactors in which regulated CO2 will boost the growth and replication of the process. Commercially available units have remote sensing, analytical and data monitoring built in. They require minimum manual intervention, e.g., on a multi-day, weekly, bi-weekly basis. Commercial availability enables rapid uptake of this invention for general widespread use. Preferred units are the same size as the 20 ft shipping containers and therefore are easy to ship and deploy by common transport means and require minimal on-site set-up and very little space. Such units can be sited externally (outside an existing wall) or within a production facility that is producing CO2. Flue gas or exhaust air is drawn into extraction units where carbon will be removed from the CO2 intake into the bio-processor and resultant oxygen released into the atmosphere. Many industries produce large quantities of CO2 during their processes including, but not limited to: steel, plastic, fertilizer manufacturers, brewers, bakers, yeast providers, and distilleries.|[0012] The food or distillation processes, e.g., for alcohol or breads, first involve fermentation by yeasts that consume carbohydrate food sources to form alcohol. A major by-product from the metabolism is CO2. A dedicated bioreactor fed with the fermentation emissions will capture the emitted CO2 reducing the beverage's or bread's carbon footprint. But a secondary benefit arises from using the feed to grow the RC Vaccine|[0013] These portable “CO2 Removal Units” though reducing the carbon footprint of the associated plant, are thus primarily used to produce Rubisco Climate Vaccine® or analogous product. However, as previously mentioned, during vaccine production, they also operate as carbon removal facilities. This capture during the vaccine production phase, while significant, is on a smaller gross scale than achievable after vaccine deployment. Additionally, the units could be designed to produce by-products like, e.g., skin care and animal food additives during vaccine element propagation. CDR units can also operate under ambient conditions (capture atmospheric air). However higher levels of CO2 are preferred to boost the CDR output performance, to possibly produce carbon credits, and to lower costs.|Applications.|[0014] The RCV is readily transported to the deployment site(s) in a concentrated form. Prior to or at the deployment site(s) the concentrated RCV is diluted with water to the required dilution. Dilution rates are influenced by several factors; however, the ratio is in the order of 8 parts per 1000, i.e., 8 ml of a concentrate, e.g., 20,000 to 750,000 cells/ml, per litre, is one exemplary step in distribution/deployment. Depending on deployment zone and accessibility, the practitioner. For example may wish to transport smaller or larger masses and volumes of the vaccine concentrate for higher or lower fold dilution at the end site. Serial dilution may be practiced. Concentrates therefore may start or arrive at desired concentrations at different deployment stages, e.g., about 50,000, 60,000, 75,000, 100,000, 150,000, 250,000, 400,000, 500,000, 750,000 cells/ml. Therefore it is easy and economical to transport the vaccine to different sites for deployment. A freeze dried algal culture formed as a fine powder, e.g., pellet average mass ˜1-10 x 10−4 g, permits simple deployment over a large area with significant gravitational draw for propulsion to its target proliferation site. The reduced payload weight and volume of the light powdered format inoculant onto floating sea ice or other surfaces will result in lower cost deployment, larger inoculation area, increased dispersion, lessened logistical problems and a larger potential direct capture of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere especially considering the logistics involved in deployment at extreme latitudes.|[0015] Typical base cultures prior to dilution at dispersal site or for dilution prior to transport to the dispersal site may be maintained in a relatively concentrated stock, e.g., about 15,000 to 100,000 cells/ml. Cell numbers will depend on the practitioners plans, perhaps dependent on the route of dilution, size of cell, viscosity of medium, size of containers for culture and diluent, output of the CDR, etc. While typical dilutions are in the order of 102, the precise dilution ratio is at the practitioners discretion. For example, a greater dilution may be used when higher volume/area ratios are required by the machinery. Final concentrations for easy delivery to the targeted zones may typically range from about 150,000 cells per liter or several fold higher cell concentrations, e.g., 500,000 to 750,000 cells per liter. Precise cell counts are not required for successful deployment. Ease of dilution and dispensing, volume or mass capacity of the delivery vehicle, fineness of the spray, available container sizes, etc., are several of the considerations a practitioner may consider in the stock and final concentrations. Thus a practitioner may at their discretion select a targeted concentration, e.g., about 1.75 x 105, 2 x 105, 3 x 105, 4 x 105, 4.5 x 105, 5 x 105, 6 x 105, 7 x 105, 8 x 105, 9 x 105, 106, etc., dependent on equipment and factors at hand.|[0016] The locations for application, the amount and its developmental status for each inoculation is governed by threshold values and predicted levels of temperature, atmospheric pressure, altitudes, humidity, latitude, diurnal light period and intensity, that will enable optimized growth and replication efficacy until eventual deposition in melt water. Optimization, selecting culture conditions for the intended deployment(s), is preferred for maximal CO2 capture, but non-optimized cultures will still remove significant carbon from the air. Using wild type algal strains harvested from zones at or similar to a specific deployment zone can facilitate the adaptation processes. The RCV is expected to adapt to greater capture efficiencies as it continues to proliferate at the deployment site.|[0017] Melting glaciers naturally run off algae into the oceans. The melting inoculated icebergs that also naturally supply nutrients to the ocean also serve to slowly deposit and distribute the algae into the ocean as a natural microscopic food source into food chains where organisms will incorporate the RCV progeny into their bodies with eventual deposits to the deep ocean sea floor—where the carbon may remain locked for millions of years. Diluted Vaccine is disbursed directly onto the ice sheet e.g., from a plane or drone in the same way as crop dusting or from a land vehicle, e.g., tracked or towed vehicle. Preliminary data and estimates show that inoculating an ice sheet of 1000 km2 can capture in excess of 5 megatons of CO2 over a period of 36 days in optimal Spring conditions.|[0018] Sea or Ocean Ice is already carrying sea ice algae and snow algae into the oceans naturally on a small scale. The present invention turbocharger this process massively and directly captures CO2 from the atmosphere and sequesters the resulting carbon into ocean food chains and detritus at ocean depths for millions of years.|[0019] Snow or glacial algae are found on all continents, and most species are in the Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyta) and Zygnematales (Streptophyta). Other algal groups include euglenoids, cryptomonads, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria. They can live under extreme conditions of temperatures near 0° C., high irradiance levels in open exposures, low irradiance levels under tree canopies or deep in snow, acidic pH, low conductivity, and desiccation after snow melt. These primary producers may color snow green, golden-brown, red, pink, orange, or purple-grey, and they are part of communities that include other eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. They are an important component of the global biosphere and carbon and water cycles. Life cycles in the Chlamydomonas-chloromonas-Chlainomonas complex include migration of flagellates in liquid water and formation of resistant cysts. Selected strains of these algae have potential for producing food or fuel products. Organisms regarded as true snow and glacial algae thrive in a liquid water film between melting snow and ice crystals, and usually do not propagate outside of this habitat. Serial culturing to formulate the vaccine should select for growth at liquid-gas interface.|[0020] Snow and glacial algae are examples of how life can adapt to harsh environmental conditions in terms of solar irradiance, low temperatures or nutrients, and show that phototroph extremophiles perform well in putative extreme habitats such as melting snowpacks or glacial surfaces. As a result, these microbes have been considered as Earth analogs for life outside our planet (Havig and Hamilton 2019, Vimercati et al. 2019b). When there is liquid water, the algae can reproduce and bloom within days or weeks. During this time, they can start green, then turn red, or stay green or stay red—it depends on the algal species. Such microorganisms have adapted (evolved) to survive under a wide variety of conditions. As all living organisms, when they grow, they metabolize nutrients to form their biomolecular structures. For photosynthetic organisms an important nutrient is CO2.|[0021] Glacier algae photosynthesize at surprisingly high rates considering their thermodynamically unfavorable cold environment (Remias et al., 2009, 2012a; Cook et al., 2012; Yallop et al., 2012; Williamson et al., 2018). Recent estimates of glacier algal net productivity in southwestern Greenland ranged from ˜0.5 to 1 mg C l−1 d−1, based on ice containing dense algal communities (˜104 cells ml−1; Yallop et al., 2012; Williamson et al., 2018). While few attempts have been made to constrain the importance of glacier algae for supraglacial carbon budgets, recent modeling efforts for regions of the southwestern GrIS have highlighted the major contribution that blooms can make to supraglacial carbon fixation (Cook et al., 2012; Williamson et al., 2018), with an average net carbon fixation of ˜16±8 kg C km2 estimated for the 2016 ablation season (Williamson et al., 2018). This can lead to accumulation of autochthonous organic carbon within glacier algal-rich habitats (Musilova et al., 2017). Labile organic carbon not consumed in situ by secondary production may be exported via meltwater flushing for utilization within downstream subglacial and periglacial ecosystems (Musilova et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2017).|[0022] Blooms of algae on glacier and ice sheet surfaces have been reported from across the cryosphere, including Antarctica (Ling and Seppelt, 1993), Alaska (Takeuchi, 2001, 2013; Ganey et al., 2017), Siberia (Takeuchi et al., 2006, 2015; Tanaka et al., 2016), the Himalayas (Yoshimura et al., 1997), Svalbard (Remias et al., 2012a), and Greenland (Uetake et al., 2010; Yallop et al., 2012; Stibal et al., 2017; Williamson et al., 2018), indicating their apparent ubiquity in supraglacial systems. Blooms initiate following snow line retreat, with algal biomass observed to increase in surface ice through time (Stibal et al., 2017; Williamson et al., 2018). In contrast to snow algae (Hoham and Duval, 2001), the absence of a flagellated life stage prevents active motility of glacier algae, and thus, colonization of new ice environments during bloom events is likely dependent on local hydrological or aeolian forcing (Kristiansen, 1996). On the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), population doubling times have been estimated at 3.75-5.5 days (Stibal et al., 2017; Williamson et al., 2018), with cell densities observed to range from 9.1 x 104 to 29.5 x 104 cells ml-1 at marginal locations (Yallop et al., 2012), from <100 to 8.5 x 104 cells ml−1 ˜30 km into the south-westerly region of the ice sheet (Stibal et al., 2017), and from 1.6 x 104 cells ml-1 to 0 cells ml-1 from ˜30 km inland to the snow line (Williamson et al., 2018). The influences on spatial patterning in biomass are multifaceted. Observations of algal biomass on mountain glaciers (e.g., Yoshimura et al 1997; Takeuchi and Kohshima, 2004; Takeuchi et al., 2009) show declines in biomass with increasing altitude, while observations from the GrIS's “dark zone” (a conspicuous area of dark ice that appears across the west and southwestern sectors of the ice sheet each summer; Wientjes and Oerlemans, 2010) show a decrease in biomass away from the ice sheet margin (Williamson et al., 2018). Considered jointly, these intimate that longer melt seasons support algal biomass development through promoting solar radiation input, nutrient availability, and diminished snow cover (Yoshimura et al., 1997). Decreases in biomass can be driven by rainfall-associated flushing events (Stibal et al., 2017), and biomass is potentially restricted close to the terminus of glaciers by mineral dust covering that can limit photosynthesis and/or by increased meltwater flushing on steeper slopes (Takeuchi, 2013). Interspeccial interactions also influence the relative dominance of glacier algae at the glacier scale, with specialists dominating more stable ice environments and generalist species becoming dominant in areas characterized by less stable conditions, e.g., frequent changing between snow and ice environments (Yoshimura et al., 1997).|[0023] It has been shown in situ in that snow algae have the capability of capture of 257 tonnes of carbon Km−2 year−1 (Andrew Gray, et al, 2021).|[0024] The naturally occurring wild type of the microorganism species used as source material for the vaccine, flourish and capture carbon dioxide in large amounts where they grow. This invention culturally modifies wild type organisms for optimal activity at the target site where Climate Vaccine is administered as a growth optimized cocktail directly at the site in quantities for accelerated carbon capture.|[0025] The Climate Vaccine is superior to other Carbon Capture alternatives, yet is proposed for use in conjunction with many similarly purposed activities. A visually striking adaptation of glacier algae to their environment is the production of a specialist pigment absorbing ultraviolet and visible light (purpurogallin carboxylic acid-6-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside), contained within lipid bodies and vacuoles occupying a large proportion of the cell; Remias et al., 2009, 2012a, b). In addition to the suite of light-harvesting and photoprotective pigments typical of green microalgae (Remias et al., 2009, 2012b; Williamson et al., 2018), this phenolic pigment is primarily assumed to serve a photoprotective role, shading the underlying chloroplasts from the significant PAR and UV regime apparent in supraglacial systems (Remias et al., 2009, 2012b; Williamson et al., 2018). It also likely serves to convert the abundant light energy to heat, allowing melt water generation local to the cell (Dial et al., 2018). To date, the capacity of glacier algal phenols to provide photoprotection has been indirectly evidenced by a lack of saturation during photosynthesis-irradiance curves (Remias et al., 2012a, b) and fluorescence-based rapid light curves (Yallop et al., 2012), ranging up to 2000 μmol photons m2/s. Given that the photosynthetic machinery is adversely affected by several cold associated stressors (i.e., freezing and desiccation reduce cell membrane fluidity impacting electron transport; low temperatures mimic high-light stress by decreasing the efficiency of metabolic electron sinks; Lyon and Mock, 2014), it is likely that glacier algae purpurogallins serve to protect the cell against multiple stressors. Little further information on specific glacier algae adaptations to life in surface ice is available, with this knowledge gap strongly exacerbated by their reluctance to be cultured under laboratory conditions (Remias et al., 2009, 2012a). Though conjugation in A. nordenskiöldii field populations has been observed in Svalbard (Remias et al., 2012a, b) and the GrIS (C. Williamson, personal observation), the production of a dormant zygospore does not appear to be an overwintering strategy, with glacier algae observed to overwinter in a non-cyst-like, vegetative state (Remias et al., 2009). This likely permits rapid resumption of physiological activity on initiation of the relatively short summer growth season. Glacier algae also demonstrate increased concentrations of sugars and polyols (i.e., compatible solutes) (Roser et al., 1992; Chapman et al., 1994), consistent with known cold tolerance mechanisms in other psychrophilic microalgae (Welsh, 2006; Casanueva et al., 2010; Lyon and Mock, 2014). However, knowledge on other features typically associated with cold tolerance in microalgae, e.g., membrane fluidity, production of specialist enzymes, “cold-shock” proteins or extracellular polymeric substances, is currently lacking.|[0026] Recent research led by scientists from the University of Bristol reveals that the microscopic algae thriving along the edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet cause widespread darkening. This darkening is important as darker ice absorbs more sunlight energy and melts faster, accelerating the overall melting of the ice, which is the single largest contributor to global sea level rises. Extremophile microscopic algae, or so-called ‘glacier algae’, can live in the upper few centimeters of ice on the surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets and can form widespread blooms during the summer melt season. Researchers from Aarhus University have measured a new world record: small ice algae on the underside of the Arctic Sea ice live and grow at a light level corresponding to only 0.02 percent of the light at the surface of the ice. Algae are the primary component of the Arctic food web and produce food far earlier in the year than previously thought.|[0027] This is the lowest light level where active photosynthesis and growth of ice algae have been observed. Kasper Hancke et al, Extreme Low Light Requirement for Algae Growth Underneath Sea Ice: A Case Study from Station Nord, NE Greenland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2018). DOI: 10.1002/2017JC013263C013263.|[0028] Phosphorus, a mineral found in dust, is a key nutrient for an extensive glacier algae bloom on Greenland's ice sheet, known as the “dark zone.” As the algae grow, the ice becomes darker, decreasing its ability to reflect sunlight and causing the ice to melt (JMcCutcheon et al 2021) (www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20627-w).|Effect of Iron|The Redfield Ratio|[0029] The Redfield ratio describes the relative atomic concentrations of critical nutrients in plankton biomass and is conventionally written “106 C:16 N:1 P.” This expresses the fact that one atom of phosphorus and 16 of nitrogen are required to “fix” 106 carbon atoms (or 106 molecules of CO2). Research expanded this constant to “106 C:16 N:1 P:0.001 Fe” signifying that in iron deficient conditions each atom of iron can fix 106,000 atoms of carbon, or on a mass basis, each kilogram of iron can fix 83,000 kg of CO2. The 2004 EIFEX experiment reported a carbon dioxide to iron export ratio of nearly 3000 to 1. The atomic ratio would be approximately: “3000 C:58,000 N:3,600 P:1 Fe”.|Food Webs|[0030] Microalgae living on ice are feeding all trophic levels of food chains including top predators like Polar Bears Researchers found that the majority of polar bears' diet is made up of critters that ultimately depend on sea-ice algae as a food source. (Liz Allen 2021) 2021/01/03/no-polar-bears-do-not-live-in-antarctica-but-could-they/|[0031] Much of the deep ocean that's now decertified thanks to human activity was once a thriving aquatic ecosystem. Our current research explores how whales form an important part of rebuilding that system, acting as “biological pumps” that circulate nutrients from the depths of the ocean to its surface through their feeding and excreting behaviors.|Storing Carbon in the Sea the Conversation: Published: Apr. 11, 2022, 3:45 pm BST|Oceans are better at storing carbon than trees. In a warmer future, ocean carbon sinks could help stabilize our planet|[0032] What's more, CCRC experiments are exploring the potential for regenerating ocean biomass to store more carbon. Ocean biomass refers to communities of plants, fish and mammals that thrive near the surface, but send their shells, bones and decomposing vegetation permanently to the deep ocean, locking huge amounts of carbon into the seabed. Expanding their numbers could bolster biodiversity, shore up fish stocks and provide income opportunities for marginalized communities across the world—as well as capturing tens of billions of tons of CO2 from the atmosphere.|[0033] A third aspect of tackling the climate crisis involves fixing parts of the climate system that have already passed their “tipping point”: starting by refreezing the Arctic. Rapid Arctic melting has already caused many of the extreme weather events we've seen recently, from snow in Texas to floods in China, thanks to its distorting effects on the polar jet stream. Reversing this process—for example by artificially increasing cloud cover over the region to reflect more sunlight away from Arctic ice—would allow the jet stream to return to normal, buying us more time to work on reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels.|Sequestration|[0034] Carbon is not considered “sequestered” unless it settles to the ocean floor where it may remain for millions of years. Most of the carbon that sinks beneath plankton blooms is dissolved and re-mineralized well above the seafloor and eventually (days to centuries) returns to the atmosphere, negating the original benefit. Trees and grasslands are viewed as important carbon sinks. Forest biomass sequesters carbon for decades, but carbon that sinks below the marine thermocline (100-200 meters) is removed from the atmosphere for hundreds of years or longer, whether it is re-mineralized or not. Since deep ocean currents take so long to resurface, their carbon content is effectively sequestered by the criterion in use today. phys.org/news/2017-01-carbon-climate.html new findings on carbon cycle feed climate research by Florida State University Jan. 23, 2017.|[0035] In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, FSU Assistant Professor Michael Stukel explains how carbon is transported to deeper waters and why it is happening more Algae in the surface ocean contribute half of the Earth's photosynthesis, but most of the carbon dioxide they take up gets released back to the atmosphere when they die,” Stukel said. “The only way for this carbon to stay out of the atmosphere for a long period of time is to get it into the deep ocean. If it's in the deep ocean, t can stay put for hundreds to 1,000 years.”|Mineral Enhancement|[0036] Both dust (Warren 1984) and snow algae (Benning et al. 2014; Kohshima et al. 1993; Lutz et al. 2014; Thomas and Duval 1995) strongly decrease the albedo of snow. Previous work has shown that minerals enhance snow algae growth in otherwise low-Fe systems (Harrold et al. 2018). Batch growth experiments with the snow algae C. brevispina, and the minerals andradite, forsterite, and quartz, were performed to observe differences in attachment of snow algae to such mineral surfaces. The difference in maximum counts per pixel of Fe intensities between abiotic and biotic conditions suggest biologically enhanced Fe precipitation. Number of snow algae on the surface increases with the concentration of snow algae in the medium. This result is consistent with the electrostatic attraction present between positively charged olivine and negatively charged snow algae cells at the pH (5.5) of our experiments. In contrast, the snow algae concentration present on the Fe-rich andradite remain high even when the concentration of snow algae in solution is greatly decreased. These results indicate that snow algae preferentially grow on Fe-rich surfaces. Additionally, mXRF measurements reveal that snow algae increase the formation of Fe-containing precipitates relative to abiotic controls. These results suggest that increased dust-on-snow deposition in a drying climate can lead to additional snow algal growth. Formation of Fe-containing precipitates by snow algae may further decrease snow albedo, resulting in a positive feedback loop that will likely exacerbate climate change.|[0037] Cryoconite is a deposit of dust and soot, often bound by microbial mats, that is formed on melting glaciers and ice sheets. The deposits are often found in pothole-like pockets on the ice surface. Of the cryoconite hole water chemistry along the glacier centerline shows that Cl−, Ca2+, Na+; and Mg2+ are the dominant ions and that concentrations of Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ are up to an order of magnitude higher than in clean glacier ice www.researchgate.net/|Measuring and Monitoring from Space|[0038] Andrew Gray et al, 2021 present the first estimate of green snow algae community biomass and distribution along the Antarctic Peninsula. Sentinel 2 imagery supported by two field campaigns revealed 1679 snow algae blooms, seasonally covering 1.95 x 106 m2 and equating to 1.3 x 103 tonnes total dry biomass. Ecosystem range is limited to areas with average positive summer temperatures, and distribution strongly influenced by marine nutrient inputs, with 60% of blooms less than 5 km from a penguin colony.|[0039] The inventor in developing the invention registered for user permissions and collected data daily utilising Multisensor Analyzed Sea Ice Extent MASIE 1 KM all years extent of sea ice in SQ km. for all sea ice regions in the Northern Hemisphere (MASIE-NH) NOAA satellite. A distinctly L-shaped 40 km{circumflex over ( )}2 ice floe off the coast off Iceland was chosen for monitoring over a few days from Jan. 31 to Feb. 7 2022.|[0040] Professor Andrew Shepherd, Director of the NERC Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling Principal Scientific Advisor to the ESA CryoSat mission As Co-leader of the ESA-NASA Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise communicated directly with JNW advising about his findings and recommending how to receive more data in order to monitor specific icebergs from space using the ESA (European Space Agency) access FTP data portal.|[0041] This short but intense introduction to the capability of collecting data for monitoring sea ice from space endorses the method of monitoring and the willingness for cooperation at the highest level.|Sea Ice Modeling|[0042] According to a Sea Ice Model Calculator produced by the Inventor an inoculation of an iceberg the size of A76 at 4320 km2 equates to a one season carbon capture sink of 1.1 Million Tonnes.|[0043] Inoculation of the A76 iceberg could amount, for example, to reducing 79% of Coca-Cola's total annual Worldwide GHG emission for 2020.|[0044] Icebergs could potentially be used as revenue generating sponsor sites for offset and production. Sponsorship opportunities from Individual Sectors, Corporations, Institutions, Environmental Groups and Governments shows a Global potential revenue of 2.2 trillion USD.|[0045] There appears to be large demand for a solution that this invention provides.|Sea Ice|[0046] Sea ice surrounds the polar region of the Earth covering on average up to 25 million km2, an area 2.5 times the size of Canada.|Methods for Transportation and Deployment|[0047] Oil tankers and container ships are ideal vessels for transporting the inoculant and can be adapted to produce the inoculant whilst traveling to location.|[0048] Specialized Drones for spraying large areas and/or adapted crop spraying aircraft can be used for deploying the algal inoculant.|[0049] Carbon dioxide is identified as a greenhouse gas that is a major contributor to the increase in global temperature. Removing high levels of the heat absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can reduce the rise in global temperature. The present invention provides product and methods that can ingest carbon dioxide (CO2) from air flowing by, over, or around the product, hereinafter RubisCO Climate Vaccine® (RCV) sequester carbon within product elements, produce (self-propagate) additional functional vaccine elements, precipitate to ground or water. Following precipitation, the vaccine, including progeny elements integrates into the algal pathways, providing a link in the food chain and more permanent deposition of the sequestered carbon as detritus/muck.|[0050] The vaccine comprises live microorganisms that post deployment converts gaseous CO2 that can sequester the carbon as perhaps 20% enters the food chain with the remaining 80% being sequestered essentially permanently.|[0051] Whilst it is known that many microorganisms utilize carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to photosynthesize, the invention is unique in that it is a specifically designed and cultured cocktail of constituent ingredients and developmental stages of the microorganisms to enable optimized growth in the extreme atmospheric conditions for its deployed inoculation. The location for the dose, the amount, its developmental status for each inoculation is governed by threshold values of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, diurnal light period and intensity and predicted patterns of environmental distribution that will enable optimized growth and replication efficacy over the period from its initial inoculation until its deposition. Whilst its growth and replication are a naturally occurring process the RCV is inoculated into new and previously microorganism un-colonized environments.|[0052] The preferred RCV is a cocktail of selected cultured extremophile psychrophile microorganisms specific for optimal growth and hence carbon capture in the ambient conditions. The RCV is cultured to a specific concentration density for distribution. The RCV contains inorganic trace nutrients as growth accelerants. The RCV contains inert light absorbing particles as accelerant growth nuclei. The RCV can be transported and stored in diluted or concentrated form for long periods in cool light proof containers or as a dried powder. The RCV origin cultured phials/agar slopes should be refrigerated at a temperature below 4° C. These storage conditions will minimize potential biomass degradation for mid to long term storage.|[0053] The RCV of the present invention is formed as a cocktail of selected cultured psychrophile microorganisms that are serially cultured and combined for optimal growth and hence carbon capture in the target ambient conditions, for example an ice sheet or a purpose created ice rink. As the cultured cocktail “grows” each element becomes larger and produces progeny. The progeny continues to consume CO2 and to grow and proliferate compounding offspring. During the production phase, the RCV is cultured to a desired concentration density for distribution at the target site. In addition to the cultured psychrophile microorganisms, the RCV comprises inorganic trace nutrients as growth accelerants Inert light absorbing particles are included as accelerant growth nuclei. The RCV can be transported and can be stored in a diluted or as a concentrated form for long periods in cool light proof containers. In the absence of light, the cultures maintain dormancy, but are activated when dispersed and exposed to light. Optimally, the RCV is refrigerated at a temperature below 4° C. to minimize potential biomass degradation in mid to long term storage.|[0054] A process for implementing the vaccine at a desired target site, e.g., on an iceberg, an expanse of ocean/sea ice, etc., may involve providing a concentrate inoculum about 22,000 cells/ml in a typical example, to a dispenser. The dispenser may itself dilute the inoculum ˜100 fold, e.g., ˜8 to 12 ml/liter for spreading on the ice surface. A spread rate can typically be in a range of 1 liter over ˜5 to 25 m2, e.g., 1 liters over each 10 square meters. The resultant dispersion comprises approximately 1.5 x 106 to 2.5 x 106 e.g., 2 x 106 cells per 100 square meters. The precise numbers will vary with size of the microorganism, quantity of accelerants, growth rates of the deployed species at the latitude and light levels present at the targeted zone(s), etc.|[0055] The cultured cocktail for atmospheric or industrial CO2 removal is dispensed as a bio sustainable microalgae cocktail to capture carbon dioxide directly from its ambient gas. Inorganic accelerants in the RCV increase the absorption of specific light wavelengths for a micro temperature increase and resultant increased growth. The carrier medium enables sustainable deployment and growth for extended time and enhanced carbon capture. Accelerant nutrients are included in the vaccine to optimize growth/reproduction. As the cultured cocktail “grows” each living element becomes larger and divides producing progeny elements. These progeny continue to consume ambient CO2 and to grow and proliferate exponentially compounding offspring.|[0056] The naturally occurring wild type of the microorganism species used as source material for the vaccine, flourish and capture carbon dioxide in large amounts where they grow. This invention culturally modifies wild type organisms for optimal activity at the target site where RCV is administered as a growth optimized cocktail directly at the site in quantities for accelerated carbon capture.|[0057] The RCV is superior to other Carbon Capture alternatives yet is proposed for use in conjunction with many similarly purposed activities.|[0058] The RCV works faster than any known nature-based alternatives. In natural occurring conditions it has been shown to assimilate 65% of irradiated 14C carbon dioxide in just three hours. It exceeds known alternatives for capturing large scale amounts of carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. Active constituent organisms of the vaccine have been measured as capturing 40 times more carbon than an Amazonian rain forest per square meter. The growing algae in active culture can withstand high levels of UV radiation (sunlight) as well as intense daily changes in temperature (−20° C. to +20° C.). Vaccine can be transported and stored at ambient non-refrigerated temperatures. The cultured organisms can withstand low and high levels of humidity and atmospheric pressure, including water immersion in a concentrated vaccine supply. The vaccine elements are photosynthetically active at temperatures between about 0-20° C. The bulk ice may be at a lower temperature while a micro temperature localized to the vaccine organism propagation liquid air interface approximates 0° C. or warmer.|[0059] CO2 assimilation rates increase with increased levels of CO2 up to at least 12 ppm levels. This far exceeds current CO2 in the environment (4 ppm) so even if CO2 levels massively rise, The Culture Vaccine will remain effective. As the vaccine consumes and sequesters carbon from the CO2 it returns free gaseous oxygen (O2) to the atmosphere from previously combined oxygen in CO2 rather than alternative sequestration methods, such as carbonate depositing. The environmental vaccination is more efficient and less intrusive than other recognized nature-based solutions for climate change, e.g., re-forestation. | (US12569808)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to climate change and provides mitigation methods with capacities to capture gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2) through its efficient, low tech and low-cost deployment. Widespread deployment not only has the potential to create a carbon neutral environment at manufacture sites and through widespread deployment could eventually reverse climate change to pre-industrial levels potentially within a decade. This invention is carbon negative in both production and deployment. i.e., it entirely offsets energy costs of production, transportation, and deployment. The product itself does not produce any net CO2 emissions and its whole purpose is to capture CO2 from the atmosphere.|[0002] The products and methods of this invention fix carbon (as present in CO2) from the atmosphere directly in situ utilizing low cost technologies and low cost energy conversion from ambient light energy to carbon sequestering chemical energy. By administering the invention product formed as a Climate Vaccine, extreme weather events associated with industrial heat absorbing gases can be reduced. The invention features incorporating selectively cultured psychrophilic microalgal species onto ice sheet surfaces or into the troposphere to remove high volumes of CO2 directly from the atmosphere and thereby to reduce or reverse the recent rise in global temperatures associated with human industrial activities. Like any inoculation, it is important that the species, dose, timing, and location are pre-determined for optimal planning and efficacy.|BACKGROUND|[0003] Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that is a major contributor to the increase in global temperature. It is proposed by the inventor that by administering psychrophilic microalgal species onto breakaway floating ice sheets and icebergs that the resulting cell growth on such surfaces will remove the high amounts of CO2 directly from the atmosphere. This activity will reduce or even reverse the rise in global temperature to return closer to pre-industrial levels. Icebergs and are naturally occurring uninhabitable temporary floating structures which appear and disappear seasonally or cyclically. Floating ice sheets are distributed naturally by ocean currents and as such are ideal sites for utilizing the opportunity for carbon capture and deposition into the ocean biomass. The sea ice sheets are formed from fresh water rather than salt water, which is essential for the vaccine. It is proposed that by administering the vaccine onto breakaway floating ice sheets and icebergs that the resulting cell growth will remove the high levels of carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. This application permits CO2 capture rates on a kiloton to megaton scale. The invention is also compatible for less motile, e.g., frozen lake surface, man made ice field or ice rink, snowcap, glacier, frozen canal or river, etc.|[0004] A main problem facing large scale carbon capture is the land requirement and the opportunity cost of re-purposing the land mass. Costs in terms of technology and energy are tremendous. This present invention fixes carbon from the atmosphere directly within the atmosphere utilizing low cost technology and low cost energy conversion avoiding the problematic re-purposing of land.|The Vaccine|[0005] Production of the vaccine itself captures CO2 on a kiloton scale|[0006] A first embodiment for manufacturing the Climate Vaccine features photobioreactors that are placed in industrial or other facilities that emit large amounts (higher than ambient concentrations) of CO2. This embodiment in its simplest application converts industrial sourced CO2 to solid biomass thus preventing atmospheric contamination. A second embodiment piggybacking on this, involves harvesting, packaging, and then deploying the biomass product in environments such as: ice rink units that are functionally constructed for direct capture of CO2 from surrounding air, natural ice fields, including icebergs or ice sheets, atmospheric clouds, etc. The biomass invention is a product of Rubisco which has applied to it the name Climate Vaccine® aka: Rubisco Climate Vaccine®.|[0007] Post manufacture, versions of the Climate Vaccine may be deployed across a variety of environments, e.g., in the cloud layer of the troposphere and/or on existing natural ice sheets such as icebergs and ice sheets. The equation for Photosynthesis 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2. Practicing the instant invention stimulates massive amounts of photosynthetic algal metabolism and growth. The result is disappearance of CO2 from the ambient atmosphere with increased release of O2. Both these effects serve to counter the deleterious effects of the industrial age appearing in our atmosphere.|[0008] The RubisCO Climate Vaccine® (RCV) comprises a cultured cocktail of specifically optimized extremophile psychrophile micro-organisms, optimally together with a blend of constituent accelerants. The accelerants are selectable by the practitioner according to desired criteria, e.g., cost, volume, mass, mass:volume ratio, color, packaging, storage, regulation, etc. The cultured cocktail may comprise a single seed species or strain adapted to rapid growth and proliferation under culturing conditions approximating or mimicking conditions to be encountered in the select environment after local Vaccine deployment. For wider (non-specific) applications a cocktail not specific to a particular deployment zone may comprise two or more cultured species. The packaged plurality of species may be desired for general deployments when the optimal species or strain has not been addressed. The accelerants may be optimally designed with the cultured cocktail for inoculation at specific locations to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere.|[0009] The RubisCO Climate Vaccine® (RCV) comprises a cultured cocktail of specifically optimized extremophile psychrophile micro-organisms optimally together with a blend of constituent accelerants. The accelerants are optimally designed with the cultured cocktail for inoculation at specific locations to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere.|[0010] Post deployment, the vaccine is self-propagating as it consumes and removes CO2 from its industrial or other facility or rink or ice field in the existing or natural environment. The Vaccine live elements absorb sunlight and CO2 as they grow and proliferate forming progeny live elements that grow and proliferate. Pre-deployment, RSV can be readily stored in small 100 to 1,000 ml bottles or larger, jugs, barrels, tank, sized containers in ambient conditions, e.g., a ventilated warehouse, without any special requirements. Aqueous cultures may be further processed by lyophilization or freeze drying for compact long term storage and as an alternative to liquid prep-spraying at deployment. The reduced weight and volume of the lighter powdered format inoculant can result in lower cost deployment, larger inoculation area from a single inoculation run, increased dispersion, lessened logistical problems and a larger potential direct capture of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere.|[0011] In preferred embodiments, during RSV production, specifically site adapted portable Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) units at industrial sites that are producing significant CO2 emissions to avoid atmospheric release of the site's CO2. The CDR units are optionally further enabled by running commercially purchased photobioreactors in which regulated CO2 will boost the growth and replication of the process. Commercially available units have remote sensing, analytical and data monitoring built in. They require minimum manual intervention, e.g., on a multi-day, weekly, bi-weekly basis. Commercial availability enables rapid uptake of this invention for general widespread use. Preferred units are the same size as the 20 ft shipping containers and therefore are easy to ship and deploy by common transport means and require minimal on-site set-up and very little space. Such units can be sited externally (outside an existing wall) or within a production facility that is producing CO2. Flue gas or exhaust air is drawn into extraction units where carbon will be removed from the CO2 intake into the bio-processor and resultant oxygen released into the atmosphere. Many industries produce large quantities of CO2 during their processes including, but not limited to: steel, plastic, fertilizer manufacturers, brewers, bakers, yeast providers, and distilleries.|[0012] The food or distillation processes, e.g., for alcohol or breads, first involve fermentation by yeasts that consume carbohydrate food sources to form alcohol. A major by-product from the metabolism is CO2. A dedicated bioreactor fed with the fermentation emissions will capture the emitted CO2 reducing the beverage's or bread's carbon footprint. But a secondary benefit arises from using the feed to grow the RC Vaccine|[0013] These portable “CO2 Removal Units” though reducing the carbon footprint of the associated plant, are thus primarily used to produce Rubisco Climate Vaccine® or analogous product. However, as previously mentioned, during vaccine production, they also operate as carbon removal facilities. This capture during the vaccine production phase, while significant, is on a smaller gross scale than achievable after vaccine deployment. Additionally, the units could be designed to produce by-products like, e.g., skin care and animal food additives during vaccine element propagation. CDR units can also operate under ambient conditions (capture atmospheric air). However higher levels of CO2 are preferred to boost the CDR output performance, to possibly produce carbon credits, and to lower costs.|Applications.|[0014] The RCV is readily transported to the deployment site(s) in a concentrated form. Prior to or at the deployment site(s) the concentrated RCV is diluted with water to the required dilution. Dilution rates are influenced by several factors; however, the ratio is in the order of 8 parts per 1000, i.e., 8 ml of a concentrate, e.g., 20,000 to 750,000 cells/ml, per litre, is one exemplary step in distribution/deployment. Depending on deployment zone and accessibility, the practitioner. For example may wish to transport smaller or larger masses and volumes of the vaccine concentrate for higher or lower fold dilution at the end site. Serial dilution may be practiced. Concentrates therefore may start or arrive at desired concentrations at different deployment stages, e.g., about 50,000, 60,000, 75,000, 100,000, 150,000, 250,000, 400,000, 500,000, 750,000 cells/ml. Therefore it is easy and economical to transport the vaccine to different sites for deployment. A freeze dried algal culture formed as a fine powder, e.g., pellet average mass ˜1-10 x 10−4 g, permits simple deployment over a large area with significant gravitational draw for propulsion to its target proliferation site. The reduced payload weight and volume of the light powdered format inoculant onto floating sea ice or other surfaces will result in lower cost deployment, larger inoculation area, increased dispersion, lessened logistical problems and a larger potential direct capture of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere especially considering the logistics involved in deployment at extreme latitudes.|[0015] Typical base cultures prior to dilution at dispersal site or for dilution prior to transport to the dispersal site may be maintained in a relatively concentrated stock, e.g., about 15,000 to 100,000 cells/ml. Cell numbers will depend on the practitioners plans, perhaps dependent on the route of dilution, size of cell, viscosity of medium, size of containers for culture and diluent, output of the CDR, etc. While typical dilutions are in the order of 102, the precise dilution ratio is at the practitioners discretion. For example, a greater dilution may be used when higher volume/area ratios are required by the machinery. Final concentrations for easy delivery to the targeted zones may typically range from about 150,000 cells per liter or several fold higher cell concentrations, e.g., 500,000 to 750,000 cells per liter. Precise cell counts are not required for successful deployment. Ease of dilution and dispensing, volume or mass capacity of the delivery vehicle, fineness of the spray, available container sizes, etc., are several of the considerations a practitioner may consider in the stock and final concentrations. Thus a practitioner may at their discretion select a targeted concentration, e.g., about 1.75 x 105, 2 x 105, 3 x 105, 4 x 105, 4.5 x 105, 5 x 105, 6 x 105, 7 x 105, 8 x 105, 9 x 105, 106, etc., dependent on equipment and factors at hand.|[0016] The locations for application, the amount and its developmental status for each inoculation is governed by threshold values and predicted levels of temperature, atmospheric pressure, altitudes, humidity, latitude, diurnal light period and intensity, that will enable optimized growth and replication efficacy until eventual deposition in melt water. Optimization, selecting culture conditions for the intended deployment(s), is preferred for maximal CO2 capture, but non-optimized cultures will still remove significant carbon from the air. Using wild type algal strains harvested from zones at or similar to a specific deployment zone can facilitate the adaptation processes. The RCV is expected to adapt to greater capture efficiencies as it continues to proliferate at the deployment site.|[0017] Melting glaciers naturally run off algae into the oceans. The melting inoculated icebergs that also naturally supply nutrients to the ocean also serve to slowly deposit and distribute the algae into the ocean as a natural microscopic food source into food chains where organisms will incorporate the RCV progeny into their bodies with eventual deposits to the deep ocean sea floor—where the carbon may remain locked for millions of years. Diluted Vaccine is disbursed directly onto the ice sheet e.g., from a plane or drone in the same way as crop dusting or from a land vehicle, e.g., tracked or towed vehicle. Preliminary data and estimates show that inoculating an ice sheet of 1000 km2 can capture in excess of 5 megatons of CO2 over a period of 36 days in optimal Spring conditions.|[0018] Sea or Ocean Ice is already carrying sea ice algae and snow algae into the oceans naturally on a small scale. The present invention turbocharger this process massively and directly captures CO2 from the atmosphere and sequesters the resulting carbon into ocean food chains and detritus at ocean depths for millions of years.|[0019] Snow or glacial algae are found on all continents, and most species are in the Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyta) and Zygnematales (Streptophyta). Other algal groups include euglenoids, cryptomonads, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria. They can live under extreme conditions of temperatures near 0° C., high irradiance levels in open exposures, low irradiance levels under tree canopies or deep in snow, acidic pH, low conductivity, and desiccation after snow melt. These primary producers may color snow green, golden-brown, red, pink, orange, or purple-grey, and they are part of communities that include other eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. They are an important component of the global biosphere and carbon and water cycles. Life cycles in the Chlamydomonas-chloromonas-Chlainomonas complex include migration of flagellates in liquid water and formation of resistant cysts. Selected strains of these algae have potential for producing food or fuel products. Organisms regarded as true snow and glacial algae thrive in a liquid water film between melting snow and ice crystals, and usually do not propagate outside of this habitat. Serial culturing to formulate the vaccine should select for growth at liquid-gas interface.|[0020] Snow and glacial algae are examples of how life can adapt to harsh environmental conditions in terms of solar irradiance, low temperatures or nutrients, and show that phototroph extremophiles perform well in putative extreme habitats such as melting snowpacks or glacial surfaces. As a result, these microbes have been considered as Earth analogs for life outside our planet (Havig and Hamilton 2019, Vimercati et al. 2019b). When there is liquid water, the algae can reproduce and bloom within days or weeks. During this time, they can start green, then turn red, or stay green or stay red—it depends on the algal species. Such microorganisms have adapted (evolved) to survive under a wide variety of conditions. As all living organisms, when they grow, they metabolize nutrients to form their biomolecular structures. For photosynthetic organisms an important nutrient is CO2.|[0021] Glacier algae photosynthesize at surprisingly high rates considering their thermodynamically unfavorable cold environment (Remias et al., 2009, 2012a; Cook et al., 2012; Yallop et al., 2012; Williamson et al., 2018). Recent estimates of glacier algal net productivity in southwestern Greenland ranged from ˜0.5 to 1 mg C l−1 d−1, based on ice containing dense algal communities (˜104 cells ml−1; Yallop et al., 2012; Williamson et al., 2018). While few attempts have been made to constrain the importance of glacier algae for supraglacial carbon budgets, recent modeling efforts for regions of the southwestern GrIS have highlighted the major contribution that blooms can make to supraglacial carbon fixation (Cook et al., 2012; Williamson et al., 2018), with an average net carbon fixation of ˜16±8 kg C km2 estimated for the 2016 ablation season (Williamson et al., 2018). This can lead to accumulation of autochthonous organic carbon within glacier algal-rich habitats (Musilova et al., 2017). Labile organic carbon not consumed in situ by secondary production may be exported via meltwater flushing for utilization within downstream subglacial and periglacial ecosystems (Musilova et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2017).|[0022] Blooms of algae on glacier and ice sheet surfaces have been reported from across the cryosphere, including Antarctica (Ling and Seppelt, 1993), Alaska (Takeuchi, 2001, 2013; Ganey et al., 2017), Siberia (Takeuchi et al., 2006, 2015; Tanaka et al., 2016), the Himalayas (Yoshimura et al., 1997), Svalbard (Remias et al., 2012a), and Greenland (Uetake et al., 2010; Yallop et al., 2012; Stibal et al., 2017; Williamson et al., 2018), indicating their apparent ubiquity in supraglacial systems. Blooms initiate following snow line retreat, with algal biomass observed to increase in surface ice through time (Stibal et al., 2017; Williamson et al., 2018). In contrast to snow algae (Hoham and Duval, 2001), the absence of a flagellated life stage prevents active motility of glacier algae, and thus, colonization of new ice environments during bloom events is likely dependent on local hydrological or aeolian forcing (Kristiansen, 1996). On the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), population doubling times have been estimated at 3.75-5.5 days (Stibal et al., 2017; Williamson et al., 2018), with cell densities observed to range from 9.1 x 104 to 29.5 x 104 cells ml-1 at marginal locations (Yallop et al., 2012), from <100 to 8.5 x 104 cells ml−1 ˜30 km into the south-westerly region of the ice sheet (Stibal et al., 2017), and from 1.6 x 104 cells ml-1 to 0 cells ml-1 from ˜30 km inland to the snow line (Williamson et al., 2018). The influences on spatial patterning in biomass are multifaceted. Observations of algal biomass on mountain glaciers (e.g., Yoshimura et al 1997; Takeuchi and Kohshima, 2004; Takeuchi et al., 2009) show declines in biomass with increasing altitude, while observations from the GrIS's “dark zone” (a conspicuous area of dark ice that appears across the west and southwestern sectors of the ice sheet each summer; Wientjes and Oerlemans, 2010) show a decrease in biomass away from the ice sheet margin (Williamson et al., 2018). Considered jointly, these intimate that longer melt seasons support algal biomass development through promoting solar radiation input, nutrient availability, and diminished snow cover (Yoshimura et al., 1997). Decreases in biomass can be driven by rainfall-associated flushing events (Stibal et al., 2017), and biomass is potentially restricted close to the terminus of glaciers by mineral dust covering that can limit photosynthesis and/or by increased meltwater flushing on steeper slopes (Takeuchi, 2013). Interspeccial interactions also influence the relative dominance of glacier algae at the glacier scale, with specialists dominating more stable ice environments and generalist species becoming dominant in areas characterized by less stable conditions, e.g., frequent changing between snow and ice environments (Yoshimura et al., 1997).|[0023] It has been shown in situ in that snow algae have the capability of capture of 257 tonnes of carbon Km−2 year−1 (Andrew Gray, et al, 2021).|[0024] The naturally occurring wild type of the microorganism species used as source material for the vaccine, flourish and capture carbon dioxide in large amounts where they grow. This invention culturally modifies wild type organisms for optimal activity at the target site where Climate Vaccine is administered as a growth optimized cocktail directly at the site in quantities for accelerated carbon capture.|[0025] The Climate Vaccine is superior to other Carbon Capture alternatives, yet is proposed for use in conjunction with many similarly purposed activities. A visually striking adaptation of glacier algae to their environment is the production of a specialist pigment absorbing ultraviolet and visible light (purpurogallin carboxylic acid-6-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside), contained within lipid bodies and vacuoles occupying a large proportion of the cell; Remias et al., 2009, 2012a, b). In addition to the suite of light-harvesting and photoprotective pigments typical of green microalgae (Remias et al., 2009, 2012b; Williamson et al., 2018), this phenolic pigment is primarily assumed to serve a photoprotective role, shading the underlying chloroplasts from the significant PAR and UV regime apparent in supraglacial systems (Remias et al., 2009, 2012b; Williamson et al., 2018). It also likely serves to convert the abundant light energy to heat, allowing melt water generation local to the cell (Dial et al., 2018). To date, the capacity of glacier algal phenols to provide photoprotection has been indirectly evidenced by a lack of saturation during photosynthesis-irradiance curves (Remias et al., 2012a, b) and fluorescence-based rapid light curves (Yallop et al., 2012), ranging up to 2000 μmol photons m2/s. Given that the photosynthetic machinery is adversely affected by several cold associated stressors (i.e., freezing and desiccation reduce cell membrane fluidity impacting electron transport; low temperatures mimic high-light stress by decreasing the efficiency of metabolic electron sinks; Lyon and Mock, 2014), it is likely that glacier algae purpurogallins serve to protect the cell against multiple stressors. Little further information on specific glacier algae adaptations to life in surface ice is available, with this knowledge gap strongly exacerbated by their reluctance to be cultured under laboratory conditions (Remias et al., 2009, 2012a). Though conjugation in A. nordenskiöldii field populations has been observed in Svalbard (Remias et al., 2012a, b) and the GrIS (C. Williamson, personal observation), the production of a dormant zygospore does not appear to be an overwintering strategy, with glacier algae observed to overwinter in a non-cyst-like, vegetative state (Remias et al., 2009). This likely permits rapid resumption of physiological activity on initiation of the relatively short summer growth season. Glacier algae also demonstrate increased concentrations of sugars and polyols (i.e., compatible solutes) (Roser et al., 1992; Chapman et al., 1994), consistent with known cold tolerance mechanisms in other psychrophilic microalgae (Welsh, 2006; Casanueva et al., 2010; Lyon and Mock, 2014). However, knowledge on other features typically associated with cold tolerance in microalgae, e.g., membrane fluidity, production of specialist enzymes, “cold-shock” proteins or extracellular polymeric substances, is currently lacking.|[0026] Recent research led by scientists from the University of Bristol reveals that the microscopic algae thriving along the edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet cause widespread darkening. This darkening is important as darker ice absorbs more sunlight energy and melts faster, accelerating the overall melting of the ice, which is the single largest contributor to global sea level rises. Extremophile microscopic algae, or so-called ‘glacier algae’, can live in the upper few centimeters of ice on the surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets and can form widespread blooms during the summer melt season. Researchers from Aarhus University have measured a new world record: small ice algae on the underside of the Arctic Sea ice live and grow at a light level corresponding to only 0.02 percent of the light at the surface of the ice. Algae are the primary component of the Arctic food web and produce food far earlier in the year than previously thought.|[0027] This is the lowest light level where active photosynthesis and growth of ice algae have been observed. Kasper Hancke et al, Extreme Low Light Requirement for Algae Growth Underneath Sea Ice: A Case Study from Station Nord, NE Greenland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2018). DOI: 10.1002/2017JC013263C013263.|[0028] Phosphorus, a mineral found in dust, is a key nutrient for an extensive glacier algae bloom on Greenland's ice sheet, known as the “dark zone.” As the algae grow, the ice becomes darker, decreasing its ability to reflect sunlight and causing the ice to melt (JMcCutcheon et al 2021) (www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20627-w).|Effect of Iron|The Redfield Ratio|[0029] The Redfield ratio describes the relative atomic concentrations of critical nutrients in plankton biomass and is conventionally written “106 C:16 N:1 P.” This expresses the fact that one atom of phosphorus and 16 of nitrogen are required to “fix” 106 carbon atoms (or 106 molecules of CO2). Research expanded this constant to “106 C:16 N:1 P:0.001 Fe” signifying that in iron deficient conditions each atom of iron can fix 106,000 atoms of carbon, or on a mass basis, each kilogram of iron can fix 83,000 kg of CO2. The 2004 EIFEX experiment reported a carbon dioxide to iron export ratio of nearly 3000 to 1. The atomic ratio would be approximately: “3000 C:58,000 N:3,600 P:1 Fe”.|Food Webs|[0030] Microalgae living on ice are feeding all trophic levels of food chains including top predators like Polar Bears Researchers found that the majority of polar bears' diet is made up of critters that ultimately depend on sea-ice algae as a food source. (Liz Allen 2021) 2021/01/03/no-polar-bears-do-not-live-in-antarctica-but-could-they/|[0031] Much of the deep ocean that's now decertified thanks to human activity was once a thriving aquatic ecosystem. Our current research explores how whales form an important part of rebuilding that system, acting as “biological pumps” that circulate nutrients from the depths of the ocean to its surface through their feeding and excreting behaviors.|Storing Carbon in the Sea the Conversation: Published: Apr. 11, 2022, 3:45 pm BST|Oceans are better at storing carbon than trees. In a warmer future, ocean carbon sinks could help stabilize our planet|[0032] What's more, CCRC experiments are exploring the potential for regenerating ocean biomass to store more carbon. Ocean biomass refers to communities of plants, fish and mammals that thrive near the surface, but send their shells, bones and decomposing vegetation permanently to the deep ocean, locking huge amounts of carbon into the seabed. Expanding their numbers could bolster biodiversity, shore up fish stocks and provide income opportunities for marginalized communities across the world—as well as capturing tens of billions of tons of CO2 from the atmosphere.|[0033] A third aspect of tackling the climate crisis involves fixing parts of the climate system that have already passed their “tipping point”: starting by refreezing the Arctic. Rapid Arctic melting has already caused many of the extreme weather events we've seen recently, from snow in Texas to floods in China, thanks to its distorting effects on the polar jet stream. Reversing this process—for example by artificially increasing cloud cover over the region to reflect more sunlight away from Arctic ice—would allow the jet stream to return to normal, buying us more time to work on reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels.|Sequestration|[0034] Carbon is not considered “sequestered” unless it settles to the ocean floor where it may remain for millions of years. Most of the carbon that sinks beneath plankton blooms is dissolved and re-mineralized well above the seafloor and eventually (days to centuries) returns to the atmosphere, negating the original benefit. Trees and grasslands are viewed as important carbon sinks. Forest biomass sequesters carbon for decades, but carbon that sinks below the marine thermocline (100-200 meters) is removed from the atmosphere for hundreds of years or longer, whether it is re-mineralized or not. Since deep ocean currents take so long to resurface, their carbon content is effectively sequestered by the criterion in use today. phys.org/news/2017-01-carbon-climate.html new findings on carbon cycle feed climate research by Florida State University Jan. 23, 2017.|[0035] In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, FSU Assistant Professor Michael Stukel explains how carbon is transported to deeper waters and why it is happening more Algae in the surface ocean contribute half of the Earth's photosynthesis, but most of the carbon dioxide they take up gets released back to the atmosphere when they die,” Stukel said. “The only way for this carbon to stay out of the atmosphere for a long period of time is to get it into the deep ocean. If it's in the deep ocean, t can stay put for hundreds to 1,000 years.”|Mineral Enhancement|[0036] Both dust (Warren 1984) and snow algae (Benning et al. 2014; Kohshima et al. 1993; Lutz et al. 2014; Thomas and Duval 1995) strongly decrease the albedo of snow. Previous work has shown that minerals enhance snow algae growth in otherwise low-Fe systems (Harrold et al. 2018). Batch growth experiments with the snow algae C. brevispina, and the minerals andradite, forsterite, and quartz, were performed to observe differences in attachment of snow algae to such mineral surfaces. The difference in maximum counts per pixel of Fe intensities between abiotic and biotic conditions suggest biologically enhanced Fe precipitation. Number of snow algae on the surface increases with the concentration of snow algae in the medium. This result is consistent with the electrostatic attraction present between positively charged olivine and negatively charged snow algae cells at the pH (5.5) of our experiments. In contrast, the snow algae concentration present on the Fe-rich andradite remain high even when the concentration of snow algae in solution is greatly decreased. These results indicate that snow algae preferentially grow on Fe-rich surfaces. Additionally, mXRF measurements reveal that snow algae increase the formation of Fe-containing precipitates relative to abiotic controls. These results suggest that increased dust-on-snow deposition in a drying climate can lead to additional snow algal growth. Formation of Fe-containing precipitates by snow algae may further decrease snow albedo, resulting in a positive feedback loop that will likely exacerbate climate change.|[0037] Cryoconite is a deposit of dust and soot, often bound by microbial mats, that is formed on melting glaciers and ice sheets. The deposits are often found in pothole-like pockets on the ice surface. Of the cryoconite hole water chemistry along the glacier centerline shows that Cl−, Ca2+, Na+; and Mg2+ are the dominant ions and that concentrations of Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ are up to an order of magnitude higher than in clean glacier ice www.researchgate.net/|Measuring and Monitoring from Space|[0038] Andrew Gray et al, 2021 present the first estimate of green snow algae community biomass and distribution along the Antarctic Peninsula. Sentinel 2 imagery supported by two field campaigns revealed 1679 snow algae blooms, seasonally covering 1.95 x 106 m2 and equating to 1.3 x 103 tonnes total dry biomass. Ecosystem range is limited to areas with average positive summer temperatures, and distribution strongly influenced by marine nutrient inputs, with 60% of blooms less than 5 km from a penguin colony.|[0039] The inventor in developing the invention registered for user permissions and collected data daily utilising Multisensor Analyzed Sea Ice Extent MASIE 1 KM all years extent of sea ice in SQ km. for all sea ice regions in the Northern Hemisphere (MASIE-NH) NOAA satellite. A distinctly L-shaped 40 km{circumflex over ( )}2 ice floe off the coast off Iceland was chosen for monitoring over a few days from Jan. 31 to Feb. 7 2022.|[0040] Professor Andrew Shepherd, Director of the NERC Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling Principal Scientific Advisor to the ESA CryoSat mission As Co-leader of the ESA-NASA Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise communicated directly with JNW advising about his findings and recommending how to receive more data in order to monitor specific icebergs from space using the ESA (European Space Agency) access FTP data portal.|[0041] This short but intense introduction to the capability of collecting data for monitoring sea ice from space endorses the method of monitoring and the willingness for cooperation at the highest level.|Sea Ice Modeling|[0042] According to a Sea Ice Model Calculator produced by the Inventor an inoculation of an iceberg the size of A76 at 4320 km2 equates to a one season carbon capture sink of 1.1 Million Tonnes.|[0043] Inoculation of the A76 iceberg could amount, for example, to reducing 79% of Coca-Cola's total annual Worldwide GHG emission for 2020.|[0044] Icebergs could potentially be used as revenue generating sponsor sites for offset and production. Sponsorship opportunities from Individual Sectors, Corporations, Institutions, Environmental Groups and Governments shows a Global potential revenue of 2.2 trillion USD.|[0045] There appears to be large demand for a solution that this invention provides.|Sea Ice|[0046] Sea ice surrounds the polar region of the Earth covering on average up to 25 million km2, an area 2.5 times the size of Canada.|Methods for Transportation and Deployment|[0047] Oil tankers and container ships are ideal vessels for transporting the inoculant and can be adapted to produce the inoculant whilst traveling to location.|[0048] Specialized Drones for spraying large areas and/or adapted crop spraying aircraft can be used for deploying the algal inoculant.|[0049] Carbon dioxide is identified as a greenhouse gas that is a major contributor to the increase in global temperature. Removing high levels of the heat absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can reduce the rise in global temperature. The present invention provides product and methods that can ingest carbon dioxide (CO2) from air flowing by, over, or around the product, hereinafter RubisCO Climate Vaccine® (RCV) sequester carbon within product elements, produce (self-propagate) additional functional vaccine elements, precipitate to ground or water. Following precipitation, the vaccine, including progeny elements integrates into the algal pathways, providing a link in the food chain and more permanent deposition of the sequestered carbon as detritus/muck.|[0050] The vaccine comprises live microorganisms that post deployment converts gaseous CO2 that can sequester the carbon as perhaps 20% enters the food chain with the remaining 80% being sequestered essentially permanently.|[0051] Whilst it is known that many microorganisms utilize carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to photosynthesize, the invention is unique in that it is a specifically designed and cultured cocktail of constituent ingredients and developmental stages of the microorganisms to enable optimized growth in the extreme atmospheric conditions for its deployed inoculation. The location for the dose, the amount, its developmental status for each inoculation is governed by threshold values of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, diurnal light period and intensity and predicted patterns of environmental distribution that will enable optimized growth and replication efficacy over the period from its initial inoculation until its deposition. Whilst its growth and replication are a naturally occurring process the RCV is inoculated into new and previously microorganism un-colonized environments.|[0052] The preferred RCV is a cocktail of selected cultured extremophile psychrophile microorganisms specific for optimal growth and hence carbon capture in the ambient conditions. The RCV is cultured to a specific concentration density for distribution. The RCV contains inorganic trace nutrients as growth accelerants. The RCV contains inert light absorbing particles as accelerant growth nuclei. The RCV can be transported and stored in diluted or concentrated form for long periods in cool light proof containers or as a dried powder. The RCV origin cultured phials/agar slopes should be refrigerated at a temperature below 4° C. These storage conditions will minimize potential biomass degradation for mid to long term storage.|[0053] The RCV of the present invention is formed as a cocktail of selected cultured psychrophile microorganisms that are serially cultured and combined for optimal growth and hence carbon capture in the target ambient conditions, for example an ice sheet or a purpose created ice rink. As the cultured cocktail “grows” each element becomes larger and produces progeny. The progeny continues to consume CO2 and to grow and proliferate compounding offspring. During the production phase, the RCV is cultured to a desired concentration density for distribution at the target site. In addition to the cultured psychrophile microorganisms, the RCV comprises inorganic trace nutrients as growth accelerants Inert light absorbing particles are included as accelerant growth nuclei. The RCV can be transported and can be stored in a diluted or as a concentrated form for long periods in cool light proof containers. In the absence of light, the cultures maintain dormancy, but are activated when dispersed and exposed to light. Optimally, the RCV is refrigerated at a temperature below 4° C. to minimize potential biomass degradation in mid to long term storage.|[0054] A process for implementing the vaccine at a desired target site, e.g., on an iceberg, an expanse of ocean/sea ice, etc., may involve providing a concentrate inoculum about 22,000 cells/ml in a typical example, to a dispenser. The dispenser may itself dilute the inoculum ˜100 fold, e.g., ˜8 to 12 ml/liter for spreading on the ice surface. A spread rate can typically be in a range of 1 liter over ˜5 to 25 m2, e.g., 1 liters over each 10 square meters. The resultant dispersion comprises approximately 1.5 x 106 to 2.5 x 106 e.g., 2 x 106 cells per 100 square meters. The precise numbers will vary with size of the microorganism, quantity of accelerants, growth rates of the deployed species at the latitude and light levels present at the targeted zone(s), etc.|[0055] The cultured cocktail for atmospheric or industrial CO2 removal is dispensed as a bio sustainable microalgae cocktail to capture carbon dioxide directly from its ambient gas. Inorganic accelerants in the RCV increase the absorption of specific light wavelengths for a micro temperature increase and resultant increased growth. The carrier medium enables sustainable deployment and growth for extended time and enhanced carbon capture. Accelerant nutrients are included in the vaccine to optimize growth/reproduction. As the cultured cocktail “grows” each living element becomes larger and divides producing progeny elements. These progeny continue to consume ambient CO2 and to grow and proliferate exponentially compounding offspring.|[0056] The naturally occurring wild type of the microorganism species used as source material for the vaccine, flourish and capture carbon dioxide in large amounts where they grow. This invention culturally modifies wild type organisms for optimal activity at the target site where RCV is administered as a growth optimized cocktail directly at the site in quantities for accelerated carbon capture.|[0057] The RCV is superior to other Carbon Capture alternatives yet is proposed for use in conjunction with many similarly purposed activities.|[0058] The RCV works faster than any known nature-based alternatives. In natural occurring conditions it has been shown to assimilate 65% of irradiated 14C carbon dioxide in just three hours. It exceeds known alternatives for capturing large scale amounts of carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. Active constituent organisms of the vaccine have been measured as capturing 40 times more carbon than an Amazonian rain forest per square meter. The growing algae in active culture can withstand high levels of UV radiation (sunlight) as well as intense daily changes in temperature (−20° C. to +20° C.). Vaccine can be transported and stored at ambient non-refrigerated temperatures. The cultured organisms can withstand low and high levels of humidity and atmospheric pressure, including water immersion in a concentrated vaccine supply. The vaccine elements are photosynthetically active at temperatures between about 0-20° C. The bulk ice may be at a lower temperature while a micro temperature localized to the vaccine organism propagation liquid air interface approximates 0° C. or warmer.|[0059] CO2 assimilation rates increase with increased levels of CO2 up to at least 12 ppm levels. This far exceeds current CO2 in the environment (4 ppm) so even if CO2 levels massively rise, The Culture Vaccine will remain effective. As the vaccine consumes and sequesters carbon from the CO2 it returns free gaseous oxygen (O2) to the atmosphere from previously combined oxygen in CO2 rather than alternative sequestration methods, such as carbonate depositing. The environmental vaccination is more efficient and less intrusive than other recognized nature-based solutions for climate change, e.g., re-forestation.|(US12569808)|EXAMPLE|[0060] Specific species of psychrophile algae were initially chosen for the initial vaccine trial product. Samples of wild type Antarctic snow algae: Chlamydomonas nivalis (CN) and Chloromonas pichinchae (CP) were purchased from UTEX in Texas, US. Proof of durability was seen when the purchased products were impounded by authorities for over ten days. Viability of the cultures was maintained even after the low pressures and temperatures in the plane cargo hold and normal storage conditions during the impoundment period.|[0061] The algae were serially cultured to selectively enhance growth and proliferation and capacity to capture and store carbon over the seed culture characteristics.|Examples|[0062] Specific species of psychrophile algae were initially chosen for the initial vaccine trial product. Samples of wild type Antarctic snow algae: Chlamydomonas nivalis (CN) and Chloromonas pichinchae (CP) were purchased from UTEX in Texas, US. Proof of durability was seen when the purchased products were impounded by authorities for over ten days. Viability of the cultures was maintained even after the low pressures and temperatures in the plane cargo hold and normal storage conditions during the impoundment period.|[0063] The algae were serially cultured in 3N-BBM+V medium from a 1000 ml CCAP prepared from stock solutions:| NaNO325.0 g CaCl2•2H2O 2.5 g MgSO4•7H2O 7.5 g K2HPO4•3H2O 7.5 g KH2PO417.5 g NaCl 2.5 g | - with trace elements prepared in a stock of 0.75 g EDTA in 1000 ml distilled water added in the exact following sequence:|[0066] FeCl3•6H2O97.0 mgMnCl2•4H2O41.0 mgZnCl2 5.0 mgCoCl2•6H2O 2.0 mgNa2MoO4•2H2O 4.0 mgand two vitamin supplements: Thiaminhydrochloride (B1)120 mg in 100 ml distilled water-sterile filteredCyanocobalamin (B12)100 mg in 100 ml distilled water then diluted: 1 ml into 99 ml distilled water-sterile filtered |[0067] From these stocks, the 3N-BBM+V medium is made by combining culture feed and growth accelerants as in the example below:|[0068] NaNO330.0 mlCaCl2•2H2O10.0 mlMgSO4•7H2O10.0 mlK2HPO4•3H2O10.0 mlKH2PO410.0 mlNaCl10.0 mltrace elements 6.0 mlB1 1.0 mlB12 1.0 ml |[0069] CN and CP samples were then cultured on agar slopes and phial solutions to obtain desired quantities and concentrations 60,000 to 106 cells/ml for viability testing.|[0070] A copending application is simultaneously filed with this application. The vaccine production application filed the same day by the same Applicant/Inventor is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.|[0071] Cells extracted from agar after a few weeks show distinct outer coat enclosing numerous daughter cells|[0072] While the inventor used the term “we” in describing this invention, it is to be understood that the inventor conceived the claimed inventions. The inventor directed associates in practicing the processes described herein. Associates also confirmed as “second eyes” reported observations. | Family Number|(109082825)|109082825|Abstract|(US12569808 B2)|The invention features a low cost nature-based carbon sequestering vaccine presenting capacity to restore global Carbon Dioxide to pre-industrial levels over a short, perhaps singly decade use across multiple deployments. This low tech, low cost, high impact, 100% nature based solution is carbon negative during its production and throughout deployment using multiple embodiments that capture and sequestrate carbon dioxide from at least a kiloton approaching a gigaton or beyond scale. The invention uses already developed technologies and biological methods in producing a “vaccine” for inoculating selected unpopulated or sparsely populated geozones with low potentials for disrupting human activities. Embodiments feature deployment of the vaccine into extreme cold environments with minor or non-existent negative externalities. Extremophilic algal cohorts are selectively adapted by growth in serial culture for spreading at sites where the algae growth turns carbon dioxide from the ambient air into biomass that sequesters the carbon for centuries.|Title|(US20240109033 A1)|Carbon capture by algal inoculation of ocean ice and/or sea ice|(US12569808 B2)|Carbon capture by algal inoculation of ocean ice and/or sea ice| | Biotechnology|Chemical engineering|Environmental technology | B01D-053/85|B01D-2251/95|B01D-2257/504|B05B-015/60|C12N-001/12|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/85|B01D-2251/95|B01D-2257/504|B05B-015/60|C12N-001/12|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/85|B05B-015/60|C12N-001/12 | B01D-053/85|B05B-015/60|C12N-001/12 | (US12569808)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-Zheng et al., “Low-temperature adaptation of the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis is associated with the photosynthetic system regulatory process,” Frontiers in Microbiology 11(1233):1-15, 2020.| | GRANTED | (US12569808)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (US12569808)|ALIVE | (US12569808)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US12569808|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-02-24|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-10-04|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US18376832|Application date=2023-10-04|Standardized application number=2023US-18376832|Event publication date=2023-10-04|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:BABIC, CHRISTOPHER M|Event publication date=2023-10-04|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1633|Event publication date=2023-10-04|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: RJW002|Event publication date=2023-10-04|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 174371|Event publication date=2023-10-04|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2023-10-04|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=Yes|Event publication date=2023-10-04|Event code=US/ENT|Event group=Administrative notifications|Entity Status Set to Undiscounted|Event publication date=2023-10-18|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Event publication date=2023-10-23|Event code=US/INCD|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice Mailed--Application Incomplete--Filing Date Assigned|Event publication date=2023-10-23|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2023-12-11|Event code=US/PTARDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent Term Adjustment - Ready for Examination|Event publication date=2023-12-13|Event code=US/RECEIPTUP|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt - Updated|Event publication date=2024-01-08|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2024-03-12|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|Event publication date=2024-04-04|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20240109033|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2024-04-04|Standardized publication number=US20240109033|Event publication date=2024-04-04|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2025-03-13|Event code=US/APE|Event group=Corrections|Preliminary amendments|Event publication date=2025-03-19|Event code=US/PETDGMS|Event group=ACL|Record Petition Decision of Granted to Make Special|Event publication date=2025-03-19|Event code=US/PET|Event group=APL|Petition Entered|Event publication date=2025-03-23|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2025-03-27|Event code=US/RESTREQ|Event group=Examination events Corrections OAO|Restriction/Election Requirement|Event publication date=2025-05-27|Event code=US/ELC|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response to Election / Restriction Filed|Event publication date=2025-06-02|Event code=US/EXET|Event group=Examination events OAO INT|Interview Summary - 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413)|Event publication date=2025-09-17|Event code=US/APRDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application Is Considered Ready for Issue|Event publication date=2026-02-17|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2026-02-25|Event code=US/PAT|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patented Case|Event publication date=2026-02-25|Event code=US/ISSM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO Restitution or restoration|Issue Notification Mailed|Event publication date=2026-03-10|Event code=US/B2|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent as second publication|Publication country=US|Publication number=US12569808|Publication stage code=B2|Publication date=2026-03-10|Standardized publication number=US12569808|Event publication date=2026-03-10|Event code=US/MEPGNTF|Event group=Event indicating In Force Administrative notifications|Mail Patent eGrant Notification|Event publication date=2026-03-10|Event code=US/EPGNTF|Event group=Event indicating In Force Administrative notifications|Patent eGrant Notification|Event publication date=2026-03-10|Event code=US/EPG|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Recordation of Patent eGrant|Event publication date=2026-03-10|Event code=US/354|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Extension of term of duration of protection|Patent term extended under 35 U.S.C 154(b) until/for|Extension Type=PTA|Delays (A,B,C): 185 Overlap Delays: 0 Non Overlap Delays: 0|PTO Office Delays: 0 Applicant Delays: 42 Adjustment total: |Number of days of extension=143 | (US12569808)|US | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=WYeGGh5krJHwKF/L1xvnr7aa7teVYIYQWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/18376832/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=zX5yaVBi5Gzi3GsTi95nQTNfFPLuVTJ9KaVWfLIclG0%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (US12569808)|GB|(US20240109033)|GB | (US12569808)|NAME=Whittaker John , CITY=Caernarfon , COUNTRY=GB|(US20240109033)|NAME=Whittaker John , CITY=Caernarfon , COUNTRY=GB | (US12569808)|GB|(US20240109033)|GB | (US12569808)|NAME=Whittaker John, CITY=Caernarfon, COUNTRY=GB|(US20240109033)|NAME=Whittaker John, CITY=Caernarfon, COUNTRY=GB | Titre: (US12569808)|Carbon capture by algal inoculation of ocean ice and/or sea ice Résumé: (US12569808)|The invention features a low cost nature-based carbon sequestering vaccine presenting capacity to restore global Carbon Dioxide to pre-industrial levels over a short, perhaps singly decade use across multiple deployments. This low tech, low cost, high impact, 100% nature based solution is carbon negative during its production and throughout deployment using multiple embodiments that capture and sequestrate carbon dioxide from at least a kiloton approaching a gigaton or beyond scale. The invention uses already developed technologies and biological methods in producing a “vaccine” for inoculating selected unpopulated or sparsely populated geozones with low potentials for disrupting human activities. Embodiments feature deployment of the vaccine into extreme cold environments with minor or non-existent negative externalities. Extremophilic algal cohorts are selectively adapted by growth in serial culture for spreading at sites where the algae growth turns carbon dioxide from the ambient air into biomass that sequesters the carbon for centuries. | 46.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses carbon capture through algal inoculation in ocean ice, which may relate to phytoplankton growth and carbon sequestration, but it does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment as central themes. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (US12569808)|1 | (US12569808)|18 | (US12569808)|19|(US20240109033)|19 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | (US12569808)|Number of Claims: NCL=19|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Extended under 35 USC 154(b) the following days: EXTD=143|Primary examiner: Kosson Rosanne|Art Unit.: ART =1759||(US20240109033)|Number of Claims: NCL=19|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,17|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Kosson Rosanne|Art Unit.: ART =1759| | (US12569808)|Provisional Appl: US63/413,046 FDD=2022-10-04 [2022US-63413046]|Previous publication: US20240109033 A1 2024-04-04 [US20240109033] | (US12569808)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US12569808)|Patent|(US20240109033)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 55 | CN201610408323 | CN201710137942|WOCN2016/089870|CN201610408323 | WO2017/210956|CN106731510|CN106076066 | 74544940 | CN106731510 A 2017-05-31 [CN106731510]|WO2017/210956 A1 2017-12-14 [WO2017210956]|CN106076066 A 2016-11-09 [CN106076066] | 2016-06-11 | 2017-03-09|2016-07-13|2016-06-11 | 2017-12-14|2017-05-31|2016-11-09 | (WO2017/210956)|2019-12-11|(CN106731510)|2017-07-28|(CN106076066)|2017-04-19 | (WO2017/210956)|Method and equipment for carbon capture and sequestration with seawater | (WO2017/210956)|A method and apparatus for carbon capture and storage in seawater, applicable in reducing carbon dioxide emissions for coastal power plants and fossil fuel-burning marine facilities such as marine vessels. Utilizing the principle that a certain amount of carbon dioxide can be dissolved into seawater and the ocean is capable of storing a massive amount of carbon dioxide, seawater is used to rinse a fossil fuel exhaust gas so that carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is dissolved into the seawater for carbon capture, and then, the seawater in which carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas is dissolved and, insofar that the pH value is controlled in compliance with criteria of relevant international regulations and technical standards, discharged into the ocean to implement carbon storage. | PENG SIGAN|PENG SIGAN ([CN])|PENG SIGAN | (WO2017/210956)|PENG, Sigan|(CN106731510)|PENG SIGAN|(CN106076066)|PENG SIGAN | PENG SIGAN | (WO2017/210956)|PENG, Sigan | (WO2017/210956)|Also, The present invention enables simultaneous carbon reduction and sulfur reduction, producing dual environmental benefits; whereas for marine ecosystems, carbon and sulfur are natural components of seawater, restrictions on the drainage of washing processes, apply the same environmental regulations and technical standards.|This implementation enables better control of the pH value of seawater discharge, while minimizing energy consumption.|Because of the available CCS technical routes ( POLICY ) the cost is high, the effective means and wealth of resources described above have been difficult to use effectively so far.| | (WO2017/210956)|1. A seawater carbon trapping method, characterized in that the step, comprises the steps of:a. The exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide produced by combustion discharged from the fossil fuel burner is continuously introduced into the carbon trap;b. Continuously introducing seawater into the carbon trap;c. In the carbon trap, the carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas is washed and dissolved by filling the contact area of the tail gas introduced in the a step with the seawater introduced in the b step;d. Continuously exhausting the decontaminated tail gas having a reduced carbon dioxide gas after the seawater wash to the atmosphere;e. The seawater dissolved in the tail gas carbon dioxide in the c step is continuously output from the carbon trap;f. Continuous discharge of the seawater dissolved with tail gas carbon dioxide from the e continuous output to the sea carbon sequestration, to achieve marine carbon sequestration;Said fossil fuel comprises coal, oil, natural gas; said combustor being a combustor for a marine power plant or marine vessel; said combustor comprising a boiler and a turbine, an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine; said exhaust gas being flue gas produced by fossil fuel combustion ; b said seawater being seawater, or/directly extracted from the sea and seawater directly extracted from the sea for reuse after cooling by the combustor.| | (WO2017/210956)|A seawater carbon capture containment method and apparatus suitable for use in marine installations that burn fossil fuels, such as offshore power plants, marine vessels, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Using the principle that seawater can dissolve a certain amount of carbon dioxide and that the sea can store a large amount of carbon dioxide, washing fossil fuel tail gas with seawater, allowing carbon dioxide from the off-gas to dissolve into seawater for carbon capture, and draining seawater in which the off-gas carbon dioxide is dissolved in seawater for carbon sequestration under conditions consistent with the relevant international regulations and technical standards.|It is an object of the present invention, to overcome deficiencies in existing marine carbon sequestration programmes that are costly and inconsistent with regulatory technical standards, to provide a low-cost seawater carbon sequestration method and apparatus consistent with relevant international regulatory and technical standards, to make CCS economically viable the use of marine carbon sink resources, and to create conditions for deeper development of marine carbon sequestration, in order to facilitate the achievement of climate goals.| | (WO2017/210956)|SEAWATER CARBON(100,12)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAP(100,1)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAP CONTAINMENT(100,1)|SEAWATER(61,55)|CARBON TRAP(56,37)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE CONTAINMENT(52,1)|RESOURCE WEALTH(45,1)|MARINE INSTALLATION(43,1)|EXHAUST METHANEDIONE(42,2)|SEAWATER OUTLET(40,10)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(39,3)|CCS TECHNICAL ROUTE(39,1)|METHANEDIONE(38,24)|DECONTAMINATED TAIL GAS(38,2)|TAIL GAS(37,36)|METHANEDIONE GAS(37,17)|TAIL GAS METHANEDIONE(37,12)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(36,13)|RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL REGULATION(36,1)|COMBUSTOR(34,13)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAPPING CONTAINMENT(34,6)|FOSSIL FUEL(31,18)|SEAWATER PH(30,10)|FOSSIL FUEL BURNER(28,3)|TRAPPING METHANEDIONE(28,3)|METHANEDIONE DISSOLVED TAIL GAS(27,1)|SEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION(26,3)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(25,2)|METHANEDIONE GAS MASS(24,8)|SEAWATER PUMP REGULATION(24,4)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(23,7)|AVAILABLE CCS TECHNICAL ROUTE(23,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(22,5)|GAS METHANEDIONE(22,4)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION PUMP(22,3)|BULK PACKING(21,2)|BURNER TAIL GAS(20,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,20)|REGULAR PACKING(18,2)|SEA(17,17)|MARINE VESSEL(17,8)|PACKING LAYER(16,5)|REDUCED METHANEDIONE GAS(16,2)|OFF GAS METHANEDIONE(14,1)|COMBUSTION(13,3)|BOILER(12,8)|TURBINE(12,8)|MARINE POWER PLANT(11,6)|COAL(11,3)|CARBON STORAGE(11,1)|MARPOL CONVENTION ANNEX PROVISION(11,1)|METHANEDIONE MARINE SEQUESTRATION(11,1)|OFFSHORE POWER PLANT(11,1)|EXHAUST GAS(10,10)|CHIMNEY(10,3)|ORIFICE PLATE PACKING(10,2)|WATER TRAP HEIGHT(9,16)|CO2 EMISSION(9,5)|REGULATOR(9,3)|MARINE CCS PROGRAM(9,1)|METHANEDIONE ANNUAL EMISSION(9,1)|OCEAN CCS PROGRAM(9,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(8,7)|GAS TURBINE(8,3)|HEIGHT VALUE(8,1)|CO2 OCEAN STORAGE(7,3)|DISSOLVED METHANEDIONE SEAWATER TEMPERATURE(7,3)|MEMBRANE WATER PIPE(7,3)|MARINE DRAINAGE(7,2)|TURBINE CONDENSER(7,2)|MARINE SEQUESTRATION OCEAN STORAGE(7,1)|FLUE GAS(6,7)|TECHNICAL STANDARD(6,5)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(6,4)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAP SEAL(6,4)|NATURAL GAS(6,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON RESERVOIR(6,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESOURCE(6,2)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(6,2)|FUEL SULFUR(6,2)|INLET SEAWATER(6,2)|TERRESTRIAL CARBON(6,2)|EOR OIL REPELLENCY(6,1)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION(6,1)|FILLER LAYER(5,4)|CONTACT AREA(5,3)|SEAWATER QUALITY(5,2)|BOILER EVAPORATION(5,1)|CARBON SEAWATER INTRODUCTION(5,1)|CARBON TRAP SEAWATER OUTLET(5,1)|COMBUSTOR TURBINE(5,1)|COOL SEAWATER(5,1)|DISSOLVED TAIL GAS METHANEDIONE(5,1)|DISSOLVING METHANEDIONE(5,1)|FILLER BLEND(5,1)|FINANCIAL THRESHOLD(5,1)|GROWING GLOBAL SHARE(5,1)|IEA GREENHOUSE(5,1)|INJECTION DECENTRALIZATION(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS(5,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM IMPACT(5,1)|MARINE FACILITY(5,1)|METHANEDIONE IMPACT(5,1)|PULVERIZED COAL BOILER(5,1)|RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENT(5,1)|SAILING SHIP(5,1)|SEAWATER MANIFOLD(5,1)|SEAWATER WASH(5,1)|SUCCESS DEMONSTRATION(5,1)|SUPERCHARGING FAN(5,1)|CARBON TRAPPING(4,2)|FUGITIVE CARBON EMISSION(4,2)|METHANEDIONE GAS MASS REDUCTION(4,2)|RESOLUTION PROVISION(4,2)|VESSEL TAIL GAS(4,2)|BULK FILLER(4,1)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(4,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION PROGRAM(4,1)|COOLING SEAWATER(4,1)|DEEP TRIAL MODEL(4,1)|IMPACT REGION(4,1)|MARINE CARBON SEAL(4,1)|MARINE SHALLOW CARBON SINK(4,1)|METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT(4,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS COMPRESSION(4,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(4,1)|MOBILE DISPERSED MARINE VESSEL(4,1)|MOBILE SHIP(4,1)|NITROGEN REMOVER(4,1)|ORGANIC WOVEN FILM PIPELINE(4,1)|REFINERY INDUSTRY(4,1)|REGULAR FILLER(4,1)|SAILING VESSEL(4,1)|SEA LAYOUT(4,1)|SEAWATER INLET(4,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(4,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(3,5)|SHIPPING INDUSTRY(3,4)|DENSE PHASE GAS(3,2)|E CONTINUOUS OUTPUT(3,2)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION POINT(3,2)|SO2 REDUCTION(3,2)|VESSEL CONSTRUCTION(3,2)|WATER TRAP HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(3,2)|CARBON EMISSION TON(3,1)|COAL FLAMING POWER PLANT(3,1)|COMBUSTOR FLUE GAS(3,1)|DRAINING WASH(3,1)|ENORMOUS POTENTIAL(3,1)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(3,1)|FUEL LIMITATION(3,1)|HARM MARINE LIFE(3,1)|IMPLEMENTATION CCS MINIMUM COST(3,1)|LOW SULFUR FUEL REFINERY(3,1)|MARINE MEDIUM CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|METHANEDIONE LIQUID(3,1)|PURIFIED TAIL GAS(3,1)|SEA PH(3,1)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE STORAGE(3,1)|SEAWATER OUTPUT(3,1)|UNADDED CHEMICAL(3,1)|CARBON TRANSFER(2,3)|HOST FULL POWER CONSUMPTION(2,3)||(CN106731510)|SEAWATER(100,99)|CARBON CAPTURE(100,48)|SEALING(100,2)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(100,2)|CARBON TRAPPING(100,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY MARINE FACILITY(100,1)|SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|ENERGY MARINE FACILITY(73,1)|DISSOLVED TAIL GAS METHANEDIONE(61,2)|FOSSIL ENERGY SEQUESTRATION(61,1)|METHANEDIONE(57,52)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(53,3)|SHIP NAVIGATION(53,3)|ENHANCE SEQUESTRATION(52,1)|SEQUESTRATION(51,14)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(49,11)|CARBON CATCHER(43,21)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON EMISSION(42,1)|WASHED SEAWATER(40,6)|WASHING SEAWATER LIFTING HEIGHT(40,4)|BULK PACKING(39,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION CHANNEL OUTLET(38,1)|SEA(36,22)|MARINE SHIPPING INDUSTRY(33,2)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(32,2)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(29,2)|ALTITUDE(27,4)|WASTE GAS METHANEDIONE(27,2)|OCEAN CURRENT DIFFUSION(26,3)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON CAPTURE(26,3)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(26,1)|PACKING LAYER(25,5)|CARBON SEALING(25,4)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(24,3)|SEAWATER OUTPUT PORT(23,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(22,24)|MIDDLE LAYER(22,5)|LIFT HEIGHT(21,4)|DISCHARGING(20,7)|WASTE GAS DISCHARGE(20,5)|EFFLUENT GAS(20,2)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(20,1)|REGULATOR(20,1)|SCALE CARBON CAPTURE(20,1)|CHIMNEY(19,2)|METHANEDIONE OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(19,1)|SEABED GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(19,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION RESEARCH(19,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(19,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(17,4)|SEAWATER INTAKE(17,4)|FOSSIL FUEL WASTE GAS(17,2)|SEALED METHANEDIONE TON(17,2)|CARBON CAPTURE FINISHED PRODUCT(16,10)|FLOATING DOCK(16,4)|TIDE LEVEL(16,4)|METER(16,2)|BURNER OFF GAS(16,1)|WASTE GAS(15,14)|FINISHED PRODUCT(15,13)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(15,4)|STRUCTURED PACKING(15,2)|SEQUESTERING CARBON CAPTURE(14,5)|SEAWATER CONTROL PUMP(14,2)|MARPOL CONVENTION(13,2)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(12,1)|OFF GAS METHANEDIONE(12,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HEIGHT(11,8)|INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH(11,3)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(11,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(11,2)|PH VALUE(11,2)|EXHAUST GAS(10,8)|CCS PROJECT(10,2)|CO2DISSOLVED SEAWATER(10,1)|SEAWATER IMPORT PUMP(10,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CATCHING(10,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(10,1)|BULK FILLER(9,2)|INLET SEAWATER(9,2)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(9,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(9,2)|PACKED TOWER(9,2)|SEAWATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(9,2)|SEAWATER INJECTION PASSAGE(9,2)|SEAWATER QUALITY(9,2)|SHIP HEAVY LOAD WATERLINE(9,2)|CAPTURE METHANEDIONE(9,1)|COOLING DRAINAGE REUSE(9,1)|IPCC STUDY(9,1)|MARINE TANKER(9,1)|METHANEDIONE IMPACT(9,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION UTILIZATION(9,1)|SEAWATER INLET SEA(9,1)|WASHING PROCESS2THE(9,1)|COASTAL THERMAL POWER PLANT(8,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE(8,3)|SEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION(8,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(8,1)|DEMONSTRATION PROJECT(8,1)|ECONOMY DEFECT(8,1)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(8,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTOR(8,1)|GEOLOGICAL RESERVOIR(8,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(8,1)|METHANEDIONE ABSORPTION(8,1)|MOVING SHIP SEAWATER(8,1)|OCEAN CCS SOLUTION(8,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(8,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(8,1)|SEA PLATFORM(8,1)|SEAWATER DEPTH(8,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION OUTLET(8,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCING PUMP(8,1)|SEAWATER WATER DISTRIBUTOR(8,1)|WASTE GAS2THE(8,1)|SURFACE LAYER(7,5)|FILLER LAYER(7,3)|SEAWATER WATER TAKING POINT(7,3)|DEEP OCEAN CURRENT(7,2)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(7,2)|PURIFIED TAIL GAS(7,2)|SHIP CONSTRUCTION(7,2)|SILENCER(7,2)|TAIL GAS INTRODUCTION(7,2)|SEA LEVEL(6,8)|ABSORPTION TOWER(6,1)|ADOPTED PACKING(6,1)|APERTURED PLATE PACKING(6,1)|BOILER STEAM TURBINE(6,1)|CARBON CATCHER WATER DISTRIBUTOR(6,1)|ENTRAPMENT DISCHARGE(6,1)|EVASIVE CARBON(6,1)|EXHAUST EMISSION(6,1)|EXTRA SEAWATER(6,1)|FOSSIL FUEL OCEAN(6,1)|FUEL SULFUR(6,1)|GRID TOWER(6,1)|JOINT STATE(6,1)|LARGE SCALE CARBON EMISSION(6,1)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE READY(6,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE RATE(6,1)|METHANEDIONE MASS REDUCTION(6,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(6,1)|REGULATION REQUIREMENT(6,1)|ROTARY ATOMIZER(6,1)|SEAWATER LIFTING ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(6,1)|SEQUESTRATION SPECIAL REPORT(6,1)|TIDE RISE(6,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR CENTERLINE(6,1)|PIPELINE(5,3)|BICARBONATE ION(5,2)|MEPC(5,2)|TRANSPORTATION(5,2)|CARBON LIBRARY(5,1)|CO2THE YIELD(5,1)|DILUTION TREATMENT(5,1)|DRIVE STIMULATION(5,1)|DRY FILLER(5,1)|EMPTY SITE(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATION(5,1)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(5,1)|FILLER WASHING(5,1)|FOSSIL FUEL CARBON ATMOSPHERE(5,1)|GENERATED WASHING DRAINAGE(5,1)|INJECTING2CONCENTRATINGTREATING(5,1)|LIFTING HEIGHT(5,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS MASS REDUCTION(5,1)|METHANEDIONE LIQUID(5,1)|OCEAN CONTENT(5,1)|OSLO PARIS(5,1)|POWER PLANT2THE EMISSION(5,1)|REGULAR FILLER(5,1)|SEA LIFT ELEVATION(5,1)|SEAWATER GUIDE(5,1)|SEAWATER MAIN PIPE(5,1)|SEAWATER WASHING DESIGN(5,1)|SEAWATER2TO(5,1)|SHIP CARBON(5,1)|SULFUR CONTENT(5,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION LAW(5,1)|VENTURI COLUMN(5,1)|EXPERIMENT(4,2)||(CN106076066)|SEAWATER(100,80)|SEQUESTRATION(100,19)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON CAPTURE(100,7)|SEALING(100,6)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(100,2)|CARBON TRAPPING(100,1)|TAIL GAS METHANEDIONE(89,27)|TAIL GAS(69,54)|MARINE FACILITY(68,1)|REDUCING METHANEDIONE EMISSION(67,1)|CARBON CATCHER(65,28)|CARBON TRAP(62,15)|DISSOLVED TAIL GAS METHANEDIONE(62,4)|SHIP NAVIGATION(60,8)|OFFSHORE FACILITY(58,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS(53,17)|OCEAN CARBON SINK RESOURCE(53,1)|OCEAN SHIP(53,1)|METHANEDIONE(52,24)|SEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION(51,6)|DEEP TEST DEMONSTRATION(48,1)|RICH RESOURCE(48,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(46,18)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(45,4)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTOR(45,3)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(44,3)|MARINE DRAINAGE(44,2)|COMBUSTOR(41,13)|ECONOMIC CONCENTRATION STRATEGY(37,2)|SEA(36,22)|BULK PACKING(35,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(34,27)|CARBON SINK RESOURCE(34,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION CHANNEL OUTLET(34,1)|TECHNICAL ROUTE(34,1)|PURIFIED TAIL GAS(33,3)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(32,4)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(32,3)|TAIL GAS INTRODUCTION(32,3)|CLIMATE TARGET(31,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT(29,2)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(29,2)|DEEP DEVELOPMENT(29,1)|FEASIBILITY(29,1)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(26,1)|DEMONSTRATION(25,2)|MEMBRANE WATER DUCT(24,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION SITE(23,1)|SHALLOW(23,1)|PACKING LAYER(22,6)|COASTAL THERMAL POWER PLANT(22,3)|METHANEDIONE GAS MASS REDUCTION(20,2)|SEAWATER OUTPUT PORT(20,2)|BOILER(19,8)|COMBUSTION(19,3)|PETROLEUM(19,3)|CARBON SINK(19,2)|REGULATION(18,4)|INTERNATIONAL REGULATION(18,2)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(18,1)|REGULATOR(18,1)|FILLER(17,4)|MARPOL CONVENTION(17,4)|CHIMNEY(16,3)|COAL(16,3)|STEAM TURBINE(15,10)|SEAWATER INTAKE(15,4)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(15,2)|TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT(15,1)|BURNER OFF GAS(14,1)|BURNER SEAWATER COOLING SYSTEM(14,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(13,3)|STRUCTURED PACKING(13,2)|CLEAN ENERGY(13,1)|GAS TURBINE(12,3)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(12,2)|SEAWATER CONTROL PUMP(12,2)|PH VALUE(11,3)|TECHNICAL STANDARD(10,8)|SEAWATER INJECTION PASSAGE(10,3)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(10,2)|SEAWATER INJECTION OUTLET(10,2)|FULL FLOW ECONOMY(10,1)|OFF GAS METHANEDIONE(10,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HEIGHT(9,10)|FLUE GAS(9,7)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(9,4)|NATURAL GAS(9,3)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION DEMONSTRATION(9,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(9,1)|SHIP HEAVY WATERLINE(9,1)|CONTACT AREA(8,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON RESERVOIR(8,2)|BULK FILLER(8,2)|CONDENSING STEAM TURBINE(8,2)|INLET SEAWATER(8,2)|SEAWATER QUALITY(8,2)|COMBUSTOR TURBINE(8,1)|ECONOMY PREMISE(8,1)|MIDDLE LEVEL(8,1)|MOBILE SHIP DISPERSED INJECTION(8,1)|MULTIDIFFUSER DISPERSED INJECTION(8,1)|SEAWATER INLET SEA(8,1)|SHIPPING SHIP(8,1)|POWER PLANT(7,8)|BOILER EVAPORATION CAPACITY(7,1)|CARBON TRAP SEAWATER(7,1)|DISSOLVED METHANEDIONE(7,1)|HIGH CONCENTRATION STRATEGY(7,1)|INJECTED METHANEDIONE(7,1)|INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS(7,1)|INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION(7,1)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL CONSERVATION COST(7,1)|MATHEMATICAL SIGNIFICANCE(7,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION UTILIZATION(7,1)|PERCENT2AND EMISSION(7,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(7,1)|PULVERIZED COAL BOILER(7,1)|SEA DRAINAGE(7,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCING PUMP(7,1)|SEAWATER WASH(7,1)|SEAWATER WATER TAKING POINT(6,4)|STEP B(6,4)|DENSE PHASE GAS(6,3)|FILLER LAYER(6,3)|MARINE ORGANISM(6,3)|DISPERSING AGENT INJECTION(6,2)|SILENCER(6,2)|APERTURED PLATE PACKING(6,1)|BOOSTER FAN(6,1)|BURNER TAIL GAS(6,1)|CAPITAL THRESHOLD(6,1)|CARBON GIGATON(6,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESOURCE(6,1)|CO2 OCEAN STORAGE(6,1)|COOLING SEAWATER(6,1)|DUST REMOVER(6,1)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(6,1)|METHANEDIONE(6,1)|RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL REGULATION REQUIREMENT(6,1)|SEAWATER BACKGROUND PH(6,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(6,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|SHIP HEAVY LOAD WATERLINE(6,1)|TERRESTRIAL CARBON(6,1)|WASHING DRAINAGE(6,1)|SEA LEVEL(5,5)|SHIPPING INDUSTRY(5,5)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(5,2)|SOLUTION REQUIREMENT(5,2)|SULFUR REDUCTION(5,2)|CARBON EMISSION TON(4,1)|CARBON RESERVE(4,1)|DOUBLE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT(4,1)|GAS CO2REDUCED(4,1)|HUGE POTENTIAL(4,1)|INTERMEDIATE FUSION(4,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION COST(4,1)|METHANEDIONE LIQUID(4,1)|OCEAN ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AREA(4,1)|REGULAR FILLER(4,1)|RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL LAW(4,1)|SEAWATER 000T H(4,1)|SEAWATER MAIN PIPE(4,1)| | (WO2017/210956)|1. A seawater carbon trapping method, characterized in that the step, comprises the steps of:|a. The exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide produced by combustion discharged from the fossil fuel burner is continuously introduced into the carbon trap;|b. Continuously introducing seawater into the carbon trap;|c. In the carbon trap, the carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas is washed and dissolved by filling the contact area of the tail gas introduced in the a step with the seawater introduced in the b step;|d. Continuously exhausting the decontaminated tail gas having a reduced carbon dioxide gas after the seawater wash to the atmosphere;|e. The seawater dissolved in the tail gas carbon dioxide in the c step is continuously output from the carbon trap;|f. Continuous discharge of the seawater dissolved with tail gas carbon dioxide from the e continuous output to the sea carbon sequestration, to achieve marine carbon sequestration;|Said fossil fuel comprises coal, oil, natural gas; said combustor being a combustor for a marine power plant or marine vessel; said combustor comprising a boiler and a turbine, an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine; said exhaust gas being flue gas produced by fossil fuel combustion ; b said seawater being seawater, or/directly extracted from the sea and seawater directly extracted from the sea for reuse after cooling by the combustor.|2. The method, of claim 1 wherein the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas purified in the , d step is at least 10 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas in the a step.|3. The method, according to claim 1, wherein the seawater temperature of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the tail gas continuously outputted in the , e step is increased by less than 50 0 C compared to the seawater temperature introduced into the carbon trap in the b step.|4. The method, according to claim 1, wherein the seawater pH value of the carbon dioxide dissolved tail gas continuously outputted from the step , e is reduced by no more than 2 pH units compared to the background value of the seawater pH in the region where the carbon storage is located.|5. A seawater carbon trapping containment device for use in the method of claim 1, characterized in that, it comprises a burner ( 1 ) , for burning fossil fuel and a carbon trap ( 2 ) , connected to the burner for trapping carbon dioxide in the tail gas of the burner, seawater introduction means ( 3 ) , for introducing seawater to the carbon trap ( 2 ) and seawater discharge passage ( 7 ) ; for dissolving the tail gas carbon dioxide. Carbon trap ( 2 ) coupled to burner ( 1 ) and chimney ( 6 ) includes a water trap ( 2.1 ) , The carbon trap ( 2 ) includes a packing layer; The carbon trap ( 2 ) has a seawater outlet port ( 5 ) in communication with the seawater outlet port ( 7 ) in communication with the seawater outlet port ( 7 ) in communication with the seawater outlet port.|6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, the water trap ( 2 ) has a water trap height ( 2.2 ) less than or equal to 20 m ; said water trap height ( 2.2 ) is a height value of the water trap ( 2.1 ) horizontal centerline relative to the water inlet ( 3 ) point sea level ( 3.2 ).|7. Apparatus, according to claim 5 wherein the seawater introduction means ( 3 ) of the carbon trap ( 2 ) is a seawater cooling system, or/of the burner ( 1 ) and the seawater introduction pump ( 3.1 ).|8. Apparatus, according to claim 5 wherein, there is a seawater regulating pump ( 4 ) , in communication with carbon trap ( 2 ) or via regulator ( 8 ) with seawater exhaust passage ( 7 ) in which exhaust carbon dioxide is dissolved, for regulating the value of the seawater pH in which exhaust carbon dioxide is dissolved via seawater exhaust passage ( 7 ).|9. A device according to claim 5, characterized in that, the packing layer in the carbon trap ( 2 ), consists of industrial bulk packing, or/and regular packing, or/and orifice plate packing.|10. The apparatus, according to claim 5, wherein, the seawater discharge passage ( 7 ) is a membrane water pipe. | (WO2017/210956)|Background of the invention 1.|[0001] Seawater carbon capture storage methods and apparatus of the present invention, Suitable for combustion of fossil fuels to reduce carbon dioxide emissions at marine facilities such as marine power plants, marine vessels, are in the field of clean energy and marine engineering technology.|Background of the invention.|[0002] An international consensus is that: no emission reduction model can achieve the climate goal without carbon capture and storage CCS ( Carbon Capture and Storage ) ,. Similarly, there is no adequate storage and economical carbon sequestration resources, and no CCS is feasible. The International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Research and Development Project Team ( IEA GREEN HOUSE R &D PROGAMME ) Study concluded that: compared to terrestrial and atmospheric carbon reservoirs, marine carbon reservoirs have enormous potential to contain carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and marine carbon reservoirs have not been fully utilized; Global oceans with about 2 Gigatons of carbon/ The annual rate naturally absorbs carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; even if all known carbon stocks of fossil fuels burn, increases the dissolved inorganic carbon content of the oceans only 10 % , thus , " marine sequestration of carbon dioxide, is an effective means of controlling climate change caused by fossil fuel combustion " ( IEA Marine sequestration OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2 ). Because of the available CCS technical routes ( POLICY ) the cost is high, the effective means and wealth of resources described above have been difficult to use effectively so far.|[0003] It has been studied that: even large-scale fixed point sources such as power plants, implementation CCS minimum cost, Prior art would increase power generation costs 70 ~ 80 % ; to decentralized, moving small-scale point sources such as marine vessels, It is inherently fugitive carbon emissions, and the cost of carbon capture under the prior art is nearly infinite, so, despite the growing global share of carbon emissions in shipping, and the increasing pressure to reduce carbon, there is no question about the most effective means of reducing carbon CCS ,.|[0004] The underlying reason for the high cost of CCS, is the long-term adherence to "high-concentration carbon transfer" strategy, Because the prior art route considers: carbon transport and carbon sequestration can only be carried out by treating industrial emissions of carbon dioxide capture into high-concentration forms,. As indicated by IEA,: The most suitable form of carbon dioxide for transport to the injection point, including trapping , ", is liquid or dense phase gas (Compression of carbon dioxide gas to above its critical point, at 72.8 bar and 31 °C to obtain concentrated phase gas ) " ( OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2 ) , but, This further increases marine carbon sequestration costs, because there is also an increase in marine ecological protection costs due to "high concentration of carbon transfer".|[0005] Originally , " carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring product. Because the size of the marine carbon reservoir is very large, the overall impact of carbon dioxide on the marine environment is very small " ( OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2 ). However, the regional impact of the existing ocean CCS programme, on the marine ecosystem is not small, since injecting carbon dioxide liquids or dense phase gases into the ocean, will reduce the seawater pH value of the injected area by 2 units above the seawater background value. The relevant international legal and technical standards believe that a change in the pH value of: seawater in excess of 2 units, would be detrimental to marine life. This, The response to existing marine carbon sequestration technologies: is to disperse the injection using polydiffusers, and to disperse the injection using mobile ships.|[0006] However, The pH value at the interface of high concentrations of carbon dioxide and water contact is close to 4 ,, while seawater pH values are generally around 8, where the metafusion process necessarily results in a biohazard water body with a pH value drop of more than 2 units, and, The total amount of this portion of biohazard water body, is related to the carbon dioxide equivalent injected, independent of the degree of dispersion at the time of injection. Thus, decentralized injection, in addition to increasing costs, does not reduce the amount of biohazard water formed, so that the impacts of the marine ecosystem cannot be addressed at all.|[0007] Existing international legal and technical standards, relating to marine drainage, arise on the basis of long-term, extensive environmental impact assessments and pilot demonstration, including practical applications, because of existing marine CCS programmes, conflict existing legislation and standards, it is not possible first to utilize marine shallow carbon sink resources, but the development of new technologies must be shallow, thus making it difficult for medium, deep trial models and environmental impact assessments to be carried out, so that existing marine carbon sequestration programmes lack overall viability.|[0008] Summary of the invention|[0009] It is an object of the present invention, to overcome deficiencies in existing marine carbon sequestration programmes that are costly and inconsistent with regulatory technical standards, to provide a low-cost seawater carbon sequestration method and apparatus consistent with relevant international regulatory and technical standards, to make CCS economically viable the use of marine carbon sink resources, and to create conditions for deeper development of marine carbon sequestration, in order to facilitate the achievement of climate goals.|[0010] The technical solution of the seawater carbon trapping method of the present invention is:|[0011] A seawater carbon trapping method, comprising the steps of|[0012] a. The exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide produced by combustion discharged from the fossil fuel burner is continuously introduced into the carbon trap;|[0013] b. Continuously introducing seawater into the carbon trap;|[0014] c. In the carbon trap, the carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas is washed and dissolved by filling the contact area of the tail gas introduced in the a step with the seawater introduced in the b step;|[0015] d. Continuously exhausting the decontaminated tail gas having a reduced carbon dioxide gas after the seawater wash to the atmosphere;|[0016] e. The seawater dissolved in the tail gas carbon dioxide in the c step is continuously output from the carbon trap;|[0017] f. Continuous discharge of the seawater dissolved with tail gas carbon dioxide from the e continuous output to the sea carbon sequestration, to achieve marine carbon sequestration;|[0018] Said fossil fuel comprises coal, oil, natural gas; said combustor being a combustor for a marine power plant or marine vessel; said combustor comprising a boiler and a turbine, an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine; said exhaust gas being flue gas produced by fossil fuel combustion ; b said seawater being seawater, or/directly extracted from the sea and seawater directly extracted from the sea for reuse after cooling by the combustor.|[0019] A further technical solution is:|[0020] Said seawater carbon trapping method, has a mass reduction of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas purified in step d of at least 10 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas purified in step a.|[0021] Said seawater carbon trapping method, has a mass reduction of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas purified in step d of at least 20 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas purified in step a.|[0022] The seawater carbon trapping method, has a seawater temperature increase of less than 50 °C from the seawater temperature of dissolved carbon dioxide continuously outputted in the e step as compared to the seawater temperature increase of less than b introduced into the carbon trap.|[0023] The seawater carbon trapping method, has a seawater temperature increase of less than 20 °C from the seawater temperature of dissolved carbon dioxide continuously outputted in the e step as compared to the seawater temperature increase of less than b introduced into the carbon trap.|[0024] The seawater carbon trapping method, has a seawater temperature increase of less than 2 °C from the seawater temperature of dissolved carbon dioxide continuously outputted in the e step as compared to the seawater temperature increase of less than b introduced into the carbon trap.|[0025] The seawater carbon trapping method, The seawater containing carbon dioxide dissolved in the tail gas continuously outputted from the step e thereof has a value of not more than 2 units lower than the background value of seawater pH in the region where the carbon sequestration is located.|[0026] A seawater carbon trapping containment scheme for use in the method of the present invention is:|[0027] A seawater carbon trapping containment device, for use in the method of the present invention, characterized in that, it comprises a burner for burning fossil fuel, and a carbon trap connected to the burner for trapping carbon dioxide in the tail gas of the burner, seawater introducing means for introducing seawater to the carbon trap, and a seawater discharging passage; The carbon trap coupled to the burner and chimney includes a water trap, which is provided with a packing layer; The seawater outlet of the carbon trap which is dissolved in carbon dioxide is in communication with the seawater discharge channel which is dissolved in carbon dioxide in the tail gas, and the outlet of the seawater discharge channel which is dissolved in carbon dioxide in the tail gas is in communication with the marine carbon seal.|[0028] A further technical solution is:|[0029] Said seawater carbon trap seal, has a water trap with a water trap height of less than or equal to 20 m ; said water trap height being the height of the water trap horizontal centerline relative to the sea level of the seawater introduction point.|[0030] Said seawater carbon trap seal, has a water trap with a water trap height of less than or equal to 10 m ; said water trap height being the height of the water trap horizontal centerline relative to the sea level of the seawater introduction point.|[0031] Said seawater carbon trapping containment means, whose seawater introduction means is a combustor's seawater cooling system, or/and seawater introduction pump.|[0032] The seawater carbon trap seal, has a seawater regulating pump, which is in communication with the carbon trap or via the regulator with the seawater discharge channel in which the tail gas carbon dioxide is dissolved, for regulating the value of the seawater pH in which the tail gas carbon dioxide is dissolved via the seawater discharge channel.|[0033] The seawater carbon trap seal, has a packing layer in the carbon trap, consisting of an industrial bulk packing, or/and a regular packing, or/and an orifice plate packing.|[0034] The seawater carbon trapping containment device, has a seawater discharge passage which is a membrane water pipe.|[0035] Technical principles and effects of the present invention:|[0036] The present invention employs "Economic Concentration" Strategy: premised on CCS Full Process Economics, The carbon concentration of the design capture and storage process, i. e., "Economic Concentration". Further,, The present invention utilizes the principle that seawater can be dissolved in an amount of carbon dioxide, and that oceanic energy stores a large amount of carbon dioxide, washing the fossil fuel tail gas with seawater, dissolving carbon dioxide in the tail gas into seawater for carbon trapping, and injecting seawater dissolved in the tail gas carbon dioxide, into the ocean for carbon sequestration under conditions such that the control pH values meet the requirements of the relevant international legal and technical standards. Compared to the high concentration scheme, the carbon concentration during the process of the present invention is lower, but the cost of trapping the same amount of carbon dioxide, is reduced by an order of magnitude, thus economically feasible, as a result of which the total carbon reduction is substantially increased.|[0037] Detailed description of the invention The present invention in marine power applications, continuously introduces a portion or even a substantial portion of the carbon trap sea water, cooling and draining for a multiplexed power plant, thus saving a substantial portion of the cost, plus the delivery of seawater dissolved with tail gas carbon dioxide to marine carbon sequestration, using large calibre membrane pipelines, thus providing extremely low construction and operation costs; The sea where shipping vessels are located, is less expensive to access.|[0038] On the other hand, prior art high concentrations of carbon dioxide are dispersed in the oceans, which will inevitably harm marine life, while the present invention has low concentrations of carbon dioxide, which are harmless to marine life when injected into the oceans, and therefore have low additional environmental impact costs. Also, The present invention enables simultaneous carbon reduction and sulfur reduction, producing dual environmental benefits; whereas for marine ecosystems, carbon and sulfur are natural components of seawater, restrictions on the drainage of washing processes, apply the same environmental regulations and technical standards.|[0039] The International Energy Agency ( IEA ) considers that "compared to terrestrial and atmospheric carbon reservoirs, marine carbon reservoirs have great potential for the storage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and marine carbon reservoirs have not been fully utilized " ( OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2 ). The present invention will make practical use of marine carbon sequestration economically feasible, because of the technical effect of the present invention of substantially reducing the cost of CCS.|[0040] For the power industry: first, is different from the increase in the cost of prior art power generation 70 ~ 80 % , The cost of power generation of the present invention is only increased 1 ~ 5 % , is low in the financial threshold of the present invention, It is possible to carry out in the short term a demonstration of marine medium carbon sequestration, and second, is the large proportion of marine power plants in total power plants, demonstrating success in guiding additional power points to the sea layout, and anticipating the scale of application of the power industry CCS to be formed in the coming 10 years.|[0041] For the shipping industry: first, Comparison CCS Cost is not mathematically significant, because mobile dispersed marine vessels, are inherently fugitive carbon emissions, their capture costs are infinite; but with the present invention, The shipping industry as a whole can quickly achieve low cost CCS ; Two is, Similar economic benefits compared to carbon sequestration while EOR oil repellency increases, The present invention results in similar economic benefits: due to the simultaneous reduction of carbon and sulfur, Global 0.5 % S Fuel Limitation ) , Implementation of the invention, The additional cost of avoiding heavy oil conversion to low sulphur fuel in shipping industry, The refinery industry also avoids significant annual emissions of carbon dioxide from the refinery of low sulphur fuel, This is equivalent to an indirect, direct reduction of hundreds of millions of tons of carbon emissions per year while providing hundreds of millions of tons of low sulphur fuel to shipping industry.|[0042] In summary, The present invention makes the utilization of marine carbon sequestration resources economically viable.|Brief description of the drawings|[0043] Fig.1 is a schematic illustration of the steps of the seawater carbon trapping method of the present invention.|[0044] Fig.2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for use in a marine coal-fired power plant.|[0045] Fig.3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention for use in a marine power plant.|[0046] Fig.4 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention for retrofitting existing ships.|[0047] Fig.5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention for the new design of a marine vessel.|[0048] Fig.6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention for the new design of a marine vessel.|[0049] Reference numerals in the drawings refer to corresponding related parts or structures designated:|[0050] 1-burner, 1.1-boiler, 1.2-steam turbine, 1.3-internal combustion engine, 1.4-nitrogen remover, 1.5-dust collector, 1.6-supercharging fan, 1.7-recuperator, 2-carbon trap, 2.1-water trap, 2.2-water trap height, 3-seawater introduction device , 3 . 1-Seawater introduction pump, 3.2-water point sea-level height line, 4-regulated seawater pump, 5-seawater outlet with tail gas carbon dioxide dissolved, 6-chimney, 7-seawater discharge passage, 8-regulator, 9-marine seawater entering seawater bottom door , 10— ship seawater manifold , 11— cabin , 12— coast.|Detailed description of the invention 1.|[0051] A seawater carbon trapping method and apparatus of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.|[0052] Example 1 : is a basic example of the seawater carbon trapping method of the present invention, As shown in Fig.1, The step of carrying out comprises : a. continuously introducing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide produced by combustion discharged from the fossil fuel burner into the carbon trap; while b. continuously introducing seawater into the carbon trap; c. In the carbon trap, The contact area of the tail gas introduced in the a step with the seawater introduced in the b step is increased by filling so that the carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas is washed and dissolved in the seawater ; d. The purified tail gas reduced by the carbon dioxide gas after the seawater wash is continuously discharged to atmosphere ; e. Continuous output of seawater dissolved in tail gas carbon dioxide from carbon trap ; f. continuous discharge of seawater dissolved in tail gas carbon dioxide continuously output from step e to sea carbon sequestration, realization of marine carbon sequestration; The fossil fuels described include coal, oil, natural gas; Said combustor is a combustor for a marine power plant or marine vessel; said combustor comprising a boiler and a turbine, an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine; said exhaust gas being flue gas for fossil fuel combustion ; b said seawater being seawater directly extracted from the sea, or/and seawater directly extracted from the sea for reuse after cooling by the combustor.|[0053] Examples 2 : are Examples , d on the basis of Example 1 The mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas purified in the step is at least 10 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas described in the a step.|[0054] Another embodiment is that the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas purified in step , d is at least 20 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas described in step a.|[0055] Examples 3 : are further examples based on Examples 1. E The temperature of seawater dissolved with tail gas carbon dioxide continuously output from the step is less than 50 °C higher than the temperature of seawater introduced into the carbon trap in the step b.|[0056] Still other two embodiments are: the temperature at which the dissolved tail gas carbon dioxide seawater, is continuously output from the carbon capture device increases by less than 20 °C compared to the temperature of seawater introduced into the carbon capture device, one embodiment being less than 20 °C, and the other embodiment being less than 2 °C.|[0057] The purpose of limiting the temperature rise of said seawater, is to increase the dissolved amount of carbon dioxide, i. e., the trapping amount, which is achieved by determining the amount of seawater introduced into the carbon trap.|[0058] Examples 4 : are examples based on Examples 1. E The continuous output of the tail gas CO2 dissolved seawater pH value from the step is no more than 2 pH units lower than the background of the seawater in the area of carbon storage pH value. This is achieved by designing the amount of tail gas introduced into the carbon trap, the amount of water in the sea, and the ratio of gas to liquid, in order to meet the regulatory and technical standards relating to marine drainage.|[0059] Example 5 : is a basic example of a seawater carbon trapping containment device for use in the method of the present invention, As shown in Fig.2, it comprises a burner 1 , for burning fossil fuel and a carbon trap 2 , connected to the burner for trapping carbon dioxide in the tail gas of the burner, a seawater introduction device 3 , for introducing seawater into the carbon trap 2 and a seawater discharge passage 7 ; for dissolving the carbon dioxide in the tail gas. Carbon trap 2 coupled to burner 1 and chimney 6 includes a water trap 2.1 , The carbon trap 2 includes a packing layer; The carbon trap 2 has a seawater outlet port 5 in communication with the seawater outlet port 7 in communication with the seawater outlet port 7 in communication with the seawater outlet port.|[0060] Examples 6 : are examples based on Examples 5. Carbon trap 2 includes a water trap 2.1 , a water trap height 2.2 less than or equal to 20 m ; The water trap height 2.2 is the height of the water trap 2.1 horizontal centerline relative to the sea water inlet 3 point sea level 3.2.|[0061] There are also 2 embodiments of the water heater height 2.2 : one embodiment being less than or equal to 10 m , and another embodiment being less than or equal to 5 m.|[0062] The purpose of lowering the water trap height 2.2 is to reduce the energy consumption of extracted seawater, This energy consumption is the main energy consumption of the process of the present invention CCS.|[0063] Examples 7 : are examples based on Examples 5. The seawater of the carbon trap 2 is introduced into the apparatus 3 the seawater cooling system of the burner 1.|[0064] Another embodiment is the seawater introduction apparatus 3 of the carbon trap 2 which is the seawater introduction pump 3.1.|[0065] Yet another embodiment is the seawater introduction apparatus of the carbon trap 2 3 the seawater cooling system of the burner 1 and the seawater introduction pump 3.1. This is to reduce emissions of more carbon dioxide, to provide more seawater.|[0066] Example 8 : is Example of Coal Flaming Power Plant in the Sea, As shown in Fig. 2 , Burner 1 is boiler and turbine, boiler is pulverized coal boiler, boiler evaporation amount 3,000 t / h , turbine power 1000 MW , Cool with sea water, Cooling water is warmed up 8 . via turbine condenser. 5 °C; combustor flue gas amount 2,900,000Nm3/h , CO2 Emissions About 260, Average annual water temperature in the sea adjacent to the power plant 20 °C, carbon capture total amount 240, Capture of flue gas in the power plant 90 % CO2 , and sealed to the sea 1500 m deep; Injected to the sea for carbon sequestration pH a value of about 6.5 , vs. sealed sea pH background 8.1 Decrease by about 1.6 units; Cool water 150, with combustor turbine. Plus additional 90,000 t / h seawater for carbon trapping; The carbon trap uses a flat layout to reduce the height, where the water trap height is about 12 m ; This example CCS full-process operating cost increases the power generation cost of the corresponding generator by about 1.5 %.|[0067] Examples 9 : are examples based on Examples 5. As shown in Fig. 3 , there is a seawater regulating pump 4 , which is in communication with the carbon trap 2 or via the regulator 8 with the seawater discharge passage 7 in which the tail gas carbon dioxide is dissolved, for regulating the seawater pH value of the tail gas carbon dioxide dissolved through the seawater discharge passage 7. This implementation enables better control of the pH value of seawater discharge, while minimizing energy consumption.|[0068] The seawater regulating pump 4 , of another embodiment is in communication with the seawater discharging passage 7 in which the tail gas carbon dioxide is dissolved through the carbon trap 2, for regulating the seawater pH value of the tail gas carbon dioxide dissolved through the seawater discharging passage 7.|[0069] Examples 10 : are examples based on Examples 5. The filler layer, in the carbon trap 2 consists of an industrial bulk filler.|[0070] Another embodiment is that the filler layer consists of a regular filler. Yet another embodiment is that the filler layer is comprised of an orifice plate filler. Yet another embodiment is that the filler layer is comprised of various filler blends.|[0071] Examples 11 : are examples based on Examples 5. The seawater discharge passage 7 is a membrane water pipe.|[0072] Examples 12 : This example is another example of a coal-fired power plant in the sea, As shown in Fig. 3 , The combustor 1 comprises 1 sets of boilers and turbine, boilers having a steam content of 1024 t / h , flue gas content of 1,100,000Nm3/. h , CO2 Emissions of about 120,000Nm3/h , turbine power 300 MW , Cooling sea water 43,000 t / h , Temperature of 8.5 °C via turbine condensers; Average annual water temperature 20 °C; of seawater adjacent to the power plant. The present embodiment utilizes a turbine to fully cool seawater, and then increase 55,000 t / h seawater, carbon trap seal total water 98,000 t / h ; carbon trap employs a flat layout to reduce height, The height of the water trap is about 9 m ; seawater injected into the sea pH a value of about 6.5 , compared to seawater at the seal pH Background 8.2 a decrease of about 1.7 units, Organic woven film pipelines, with pipe diameters 25 m are transported to the depth of the sea 700 m to implement marine carbon sequestration.|[0073] Example CCS CO2 Emissions that reduced 80 % in the flue gas of the power plant , CCS The overall process operating cost was approximately 1 % of the corresponding group power generation cost.|[0074] Example 13 : is an example of retrofitting existing ships, e. g., Fig. 4 , Burner 1 comprises 1 12 MW marine diesel engines as a prime mover, Fuel uses sulfur 3.0 % v-v containing heavy oil , CO2 emissions approximately 3200Nm3/h , Retrofit using the carbon trap in combination with the original muffler, its water trap height 19 m , The maximum amount of water in the; carbon trap according to the ship's heavy water line is considered 1650 t / h , The seawater is introduced into the pump 3.1 and the flow rate of the seawater pump 4 is adjustable, to control the drain pH value.|[0075] The reduction of the tail gas of the vessel treated in this example : CO2 30 ~ 50 % , The specific value relates to the quality of the seawater and the temperature of the water at which the vessel sails , SO2 The reduction 99 % , is due to the fact that SO2 is more soluble in seawater, so that carbon emissions can be substantially reduced, and the low cost heavy oil can continue to be used as a result of compliance with the provision under annex VI to the MARPOL Convention on the sulfur ratio of the tail gas of the vessel in the control zone 4.3, equivalent to 0.1 % S fuel,. The full-flow operating cost corresponds to 1.1 % of the full power consumption of the host.|[0076] The present embodiment is provided with inlet and outlet ports pH Detection and control, Compliance with the provisions of the MARPOL Convention Annex VI Under MEPC 259 ( 68 ) etc.: Ships in progress, Wash engine exhaust gas with seawater, Unadded chemicals, The resulting wash drain , pH changes no more than 2 pH units of inlet seawater, Permit direct seaway.|[0077] Example 14 : is an example of a newly constructed vessel, Figure 5 , Burner 1 comprises 1 30 MW two-stroke diesel engines for ships, Fuel is heavy oil, sulfur 3.0 % v-v , CO2 emissions approximately 8100Nm3/h , constructed using a carbon trap combined with the original muffler design, wherein the water trap height 6 m , is considered; per the heavy water line of the vessel. Carbon capture seals maximum water 5800 t / h , seawater introduction pump 3.1 flow rate adjustable, to control drainage pH value; Ship tail gas treated in this example : CO2 reduction 50 ~ 70 % , specific values are related to seawater quality and water temperature at which ships sail , SO2 reduction 98 % , equivalent 0.1 % S fuel, can continue to use existing low-cost heavy oil. CCS The full-flow operating cost corresponds to 0.6 % of the full power consumption of the host. The drainage of this example is in accordance with the provisions of resolutions VI under MEPC 259 ( 68 ), etc., Annex to the Convention.|[0078] Examples 15 : Another example of a newly constructed vessel, As shown in Fig. 6 , Burner 1 comprises 1 50 MW marine diesel engines, Fuel heavy oil, The water trap height of the sulfur 2.9 % v-v , carbon trap 6 m ; Regulates the flow rate of the sea water pump 4 Adjustable; Ship tail gas CO2 reduction 70 ~ 90 % , SO2 reduction 99 % , The existing low-cost heavy oil can continue to be used. CCS The full-flow operating cost corresponds to 0.7 % of the full power consumption of the host.|[0079] The drainage of this example is in accordance with the provisions of resolutions VI under MEPC 259 ( 68 ), etc., Annex to the Convention.|[0080] The claims of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. | (WO2017/210956)|Background of the invention 1.|[0001] Seawater carbon capture storage methods and apparatus of the present invention, Suitable for combustion of fossil fuels to reduce carbon dioxide emissions at marine facilities such as marine power plants, marine vessels, are in the field of clean energy and marine engineering technology.|Background of the invention.|[0002] An international consensus is that: no emission reduction model can achieve the climate goal without carbon capture and storage CCS ( Carbon Capture and Storage ) ,. Similarly, there is no adequate storage and economical carbon sequestration resources, and no CCS is feasible. The International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Research and Development Project Team ( IEA GREEN HOUSE R &D PROGAMME ) Study concluded that: compared to terrestrial and atmospheric carbon reservoirs, marine carbon reservoirs have enormous potential to contain carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and marine carbon reservoirs have not been fully utilized; Global oceans with about 2 Gigatons of carbon/ The annual rate naturally absorbs carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; even if all known carbon stocks of fossil fuels burn, increases the dissolved inorganic carbon content of the oceans only 10 % , thus , " marine sequestration of carbon dioxide, is an effective means of controlling climate change caused by fossil fuel combustion " ( IEA Marine sequestration OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2 ). Because of the available CCS technical routes ( POLICY ) the cost is high, the effective means and wealth of resources described above have been difficult to use effectively so far.|[0003] It has been studied that: even large-scale fixed point sources such as power plants, implementation CCS minimum cost, Prior art would increase power generation costs 70 ~ 80 % ; to decentralized, moving small-scale point sources such as marine vessels, It is inherently fugitive carbon emissions, and the cost of carbon capture under the prior art is nearly infinite, so, despite the growing global share of carbon emissions in shipping, and the increasing pressure to reduce carbon, there is no question about the most effective means of reducing carbon CCS ,.|[0004] The underlying reason for the high cost of CCS, is the long-term adherence to "high-concentration carbon transfer" strategy, Because the prior art route considers: carbon transport and carbon sequestration can only be carried out by treating industrial emissions of carbon dioxide capture into high-concentration forms,. As indicated by IEA,: The most suitable form of carbon dioxide for transport to the injection point, including trapping , ", is liquid or dense phase gas (Compression of carbon dioxide gas to above its critical point, at 72.8 bar and 31 °C to obtain concentrated phase gas ) " ( OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2 ) , but, This further increases marine carbon sequestration costs, because there is also an increase in marine ecological protection costs due to "high concentration of carbon transfer".|[0005] Originally , " carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring product. Because the size of the marine carbon reservoir is very large, the overall impact of carbon dioxide on the marine environment is very small " ( OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2 ). However, the regional impact of the existing ocean CCS programme, on the marine ecosystem is not small, since injecting carbon dioxide liquids or dense phase gases into the ocean, will reduce the seawater pH value of the injected area by 2 units above the seawater background value. The relevant international legal and technical standards believe that a change in the pH value of: seawater in excess of 2 units, would be detrimental to marine life. This, The response to existing marine carbon sequestration technologies: is to disperse the injection using polydiffusers, and to disperse the injection using mobile ships.|[0006] However, The pH value at the interface of high concentrations of carbon dioxide and water contact is close to 4 ,, while seawater pH values are generally around 8, where the metafusion process necessarily results in a biohazard water body with a pH value drop of more than 2 units, and, The total amount of this portion of biohazard water body, is related to the carbon dioxide equivalent injected, independent of the degree of dispersion at the time of injection. Thus, decentralized injection, in addition to increasing costs, does not reduce the amount of biohazard water formed, so that the impacts of the marine ecosystem cannot be addressed at all.|[0007] Existing international legal and technical standards, relating to marine drainage, arise on the basis of long-term, extensive environmental impact assessments and pilot demonstration, including practical applications, because of existing marine CCS programmes, conflict existing legislation and standards, it is not possible first to utilize marine shallow carbon sink resources, but the development of new technologies must be shallow, thus making it difficult for medium, deep trial models and environmental impact assessments to be carried out, so that existing marine carbon sequestration programmes lack overall viability.|[0008] Summary of the invention|[0009] It is an object of the present invention, to overcome deficiencies in existing marine carbon sequestration programmes that are costly and inconsistent with regulatory technical standards, to provide a low-cost seawater carbon sequestration method and apparatus consistent with relevant international regulatory and technical standards, to make CCS economically viable the use of marine carbon sink resources, and to create conditions for deeper development of marine carbon sequestration, in order to facilitate the achievement of climate goals.|[0010] The technical solution of the seawater carbon trapping method of the present invention is:|[0011] A seawater carbon trapping method, comprising the steps of|[0012] a. The exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide produced by combustion discharged from the fossil fuel burner is continuously introduced into the carbon trap;|[0013] b. Continuously introducing seawater into the carbon trap;|[0014] c. In the carbon trap, the carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas is washed and dissolved by filling the contact area of the tail gas introduced in the a step with the seawater introduced in the b step;|[0015] d. Continuously exhausting the decontaminated tail gas having a reduced carbon dioxide gas after the seawater wash to the atmosphere;|[0016] e. The seawater dissolved in the tail gas carbon dioxide in the c step is continuously output from the carbon trap;|[0017] f. Continuous discharge of the seawater dissolved with tail gas carbon dioxide from the e continuous output to the sea carbon sequestration, to achieve marine carbon sequestration;|[0018] Said fossil fuel comprises coal, oil, natural gas; said combustor being a combustor for a marine power plant or marine vessel; said combustor comprising a boiler and a turbine, an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine; said exhaust gas being flue gas produced by fossil fuel combustion ; b said seawater being seawater, or/directly extracted from the sea and seawater directly extracted from the sea for reuse after cooling by the combustor.|[0019] A further technical solution is:|[0020] Said seawater carbon trapping method, has a mass reduction of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas purified in step d of at least 10 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas purified in step a.|[0021] Said seawater carbon trapping method, has a mass reduction of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas purified in step d of at least 20 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas purified in step a.|[0022] The seawater carbon trapping method, has a seawater temperature increase of less than 50 °C from the seawater temperature of dissolved carbon dioxide continuously outputted in the e step as compared to the seawater temperature increase of less than b introduced into the carbon trap.|[0023] The seawater carbon trapping method, has a seawater temperature increase of less than 20 °C from the seawater temperature of dissolved carbon dioxide continuously outputted in the e step as compared to the seawater temperature increase of less than b introduced into the carbon trap.|[0024] The seawater carbon trapping method, has a seawater temperature increase of less than 2 °C from the seawater temperature of dissolved carbon dioxide continuously outputted in the e step as compared to the seawater temperature increase of less than b introduced into the carbon trap.|[0025] The seawater carbon trapping method, The seawater containing carbon dioxide dissolved in the tail gas continuously outputted from the step e thereof has a value of not more than 2 units lower than the background value of seawater pH in the region where the carbon sequestration is located.|[0026] A seawater carbon trapping containment scheme for use in the method of the present invention is:|[0027] A seawater carbon trapping containment device, for use in the method of the present invention, characterized in that, it comprises a burner for burning fossil fuel, and a carbon trap connected to the burner for trapping carbon dioxide in the tail gas of the burner, seawater introducing means for introducing seawater to the carbon trap, and a seawater discharging passage; The carbon trap coupled to the burner and chimney includes a water trap, which is provided with a packing layer; The seawater outlet of the carbon trap which is dissolved in carbon dioxide is in communication with the seawater discharge channel which is dissolved in carbon dioxide in the tail gas, and the outlet of the seawater discharge channel which is dissolved in carbon dioxide in the tail gas is in communication with the marine carbon seal.|[0028] A further technical solution is:|[0029] Said seawater carbon trap seal, has a water trap with a water trap height of less than or equal to 20 m ; said water trap height being the height of the water trap horizontal centerline relative to the sea level of the seawater introduction point.|[0030] Said seawater carbon trap seal, has a water trap with a water trap height of less than or equal to 10 m ; said water trap height being the height of the water trap horizontal centerline relative to the sea level of the seawater introduction point.|[0031] Said seawater carbon trapping containment means, whose seawater introduction means is a combustor's seawater cooling system, or/and seawater introduction pump.|[0032] The seawater carbon trap seal, has a seawater regulating pump, which is in communication with the carbon trap or via the regulator with the seawater discharge channel in which the tail gas carbon dioxide is dissolved, for regulating the value of the seawater pH in which the tail gas carbon dioxide is dissolved via the seawater discharge channel.|[0033] The seawater carbon trap seal, has a packing layer in the carbon trap, consisting of an industrial bulk packing, or/and a regular packing, or/and an orifice plate packing.|[0034] The seawater carbon trapping containment device, has a seawater discharge passage which is a membrane water pipe.|[0035] Technical principles and effects of the present invention:|[0036] The present invention employs "Economic Concentration" Strategy: premised on CCS Full Process Economics, The carbon concentration of the design capture and storage process, i. e., "Economic Concentration". Further,, The present invention utilizes the principle that seawater can be dissolved in an amount of carbon dioxide, and that oceanic energy stores a large amount of carbon dioxide, washing the fossil fuel tail gas with seawater, dissolving carbon dioxide in the tail gas into seawater for carbon trapping, and injecting seawater dissolved in the tail gas carbon dioxide, into the ocean for carbon sequestration under conditions such that the control pH values meet the requirements of the relevant international legal and technical standards. Compared to the high concentration scheme, the carbon concentration during the process of the present invention is lower, but the cost of trapping the same amount of carbon dioxide, is reduced by an order of magnitude, thus economically feasible, as a result of which the total carbon reduction is substantially increased.|[0037] Detailed description of the invention The present invention in marine power applications, continuously introduces a portion or even a substantial portion of the carbon trap sea water, cooling and draining for a multiplexed power plant, thus saving a substantial portion of the cost, plus the delivery of seawater dissolved with tail gas carbon dioxide to marine carbon sequestration, using large calibre membrane pipelines, thus providing extremely low construction and operation costs; The sea where shipping vessels are located, is less expensive to access.|[0038] On the other hand, prior art high concentrations of carbon dioxide are dispersed in the oceans, which will inevitably harm marine life, while the present invention has low concentrations of carbon dioxide, which are harmless to marine life when injected into the oceans, and therefore have low additional environmental impact costs. Also, The present invention enables simultaneous carbon reduction and sulfur reduction, producing dual environmental benefits; whereas for marine ecosystems, carbon and sulfur are natural components of seawater, restrictions on the drainage of washing processes, apply the same environmental regulations and technical standards.|[0039] The International Energy Agency ( IEA ) considers that "compared to terrestrial and atmospheric carbon reservoirs, marine carbon reservoirs have great potential for the storage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and marine carbon reservoirs have not been fully utilized " ( OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2 ). The present invention will make practical use of marine carbon sequestration economically feasible, because of the technical effect of the present invention of substantially reducing the cost of CCS.|[0040] For the power industry: first, is different from the increase in the cost of prior art power generation 70 ~ 80 % , The cost of power generation of the present invention is only increased 1 ~ 5 % , is low in the financial threshold of the present invention, It is possible to carry out in the short term a demonstration of marine medium carbon sequestration, and second, is the large proportion of marine power plants in total power plants, demonstrating success in guiding additional power points to the sea layout, and anticipating the scale of application of the power industry CCS to be formed in the coming 10 years.|[0041] For the shipping industry: first, Comparison CCS Cost is not mathematically significant, because mobile dispersed marine vessels, are inherently fugitive carbon emissions, their capture costs are infinite; but with the present invention, The shipping industry as a whole can quickly achieve low cost CCS ; Two is, Similar economic benefits compared to carbon sequestration while EOR oil repellency increases, The present invention results in similar economic benefits: due to the simultaneous reduction of carbon and sulfur, Global 0.5 % S Fuel Limitation ) , Implementation of the invention, The additional cost of avoiding heavy oil conversion to low sulphur fuel in shipping industry, The refinery industry also avoids significant annual emissions of carbon dioxide from the refinery of low sulphur fuel, This is equivalent to an indirect, direct reduction of hundreds of millions of tons of carbon emissions per year while providing hundreds of millions of tons of low sulphur fuel to shipping industry.|[0042] In summary, The present invention makes the utilization of marine carbon sequestration resources economically viable.|Brief description of the drawings|[0043] Fig.1 is a schematic illustration of the steps of the seawater carbon trapping method of the present invention.|[0044] Fig.2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for use in a marine coal-fired power plant.|[0045] Fig.3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention for use in a marine power plant.|[0046] Fig.4 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention for retrofitting existing ships.|[0047] Fig.5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention for the new design of a marine vessel.|[0048] Fig.6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention for the new design of a marine vessel.|[0049] Reference numerals in the drawings refer to corresponding related parts or structures designated:|[0050] 1-burner, 1.1-boiler, 1.2-steam turbine, 1.3-internal combustion engine, 1.4-nitrogen remover, 1.5-dust collector, 1.6-supercharging fan, 1.7-recuperator, 2-carbon trap, 2.1-water trap, 2.2-water trap height, 3-seawater introduction device , 3 . 1-Seawater introduction pump, 3.2-water point sea-level height line, 4-regulated seawater pump, 5-seawater outlet with tail gas carbon dioxide dissolved, 6-chimney, 7-seawater discharge passage, 8-regulator, 9-marine seawater entering seawater bottom door , 10— ship seawater manifold , 11— cabin , 12— coast.|Detailed description of the invention 1.|[0051] A seawater carbon trapping method and apparatus of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.|[0052] Example 1 : is a basic example of the seawater carbon trapping method of the present invention, As shown in Fig.1, The step of carrying out comprises : a. continuously introducing exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide produced by combustion discharged from the fossil fuel burner into the carbon trap; while b. continuously introducing seawater into the carbon trap; c. In the carbon trap, The contact area of the tail gas introduced in the a step with the seawater introduced in the b step is increased by filling so that the carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas is washed and dissolved in the seawater ; d. The purified tail gas reduced by the carbon dioxide gas after the seawater wash is continuously discharged to atmosphere ; e. Continuous output of seawater dissolved in tail gas carbon dioxide from carbon trap ; f. continuous discharge of seawater dissolved in tail gas carbon dioxide continuously output from step e to sea carbon sequestration, realization of marine carbon sequestration; The fossil fuels described include coal, oil, natural gas; Said combustor is a combustor for a marine power plant or marine vessel; said combustor comprising a boiler and a turbine, an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine; said exhaust gas being flue gas for fossil fuel combustion ; b said seawater being seawater directly extracted from the sea, or/and seawater directly extracted from the sea for reuse after cooling by the combustor.|[0053] Examples 2 : are Examples , d on the basis of Example 1 The mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas purified in the step is at least 10 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas described in the a step.|[0054] Another embodiment is that the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas purified in step , d is at least 20 % of the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the tail gas described in step a.|[0055] Examples 3 : are further examples based on Examples 1. E The temperature of seawater dissolved with tail gas carbon dioxide continuously output from the step is less than 50 °C higher than the temperature of seawater introduced into the carbon trap in the step b.|[0056] Still other two embodiments are: the temperature at which the dissolved tail gas carbon dioxide seawater, is continuously output from the carbon capture device increases by less than 20 °C compared to the temperature of seawater introduced into the carbon capture device, one embodiment being less than 20 °C, and the other embodiment being less than 2 °C.|[0057] The purpose of limiting the temperature rise of said seawater, is to increase the dissolved amount of carbon dioxide, i. e., the trapping amount, which is achieved by determining the amount of seawater introduced into the carbon trap.|[0058] Examples 4 : are examples based on Examples 1. E The continuous output of the tail gas CO2 dissolved seawater pH value from the step is no more than 2 pH units lower than the background of the seawater in the area of carbon storage pH value. This is achieved by designing the amount of tail gas introduced into the carbon trap, the amount of water in the sea, and the ratio of gas to liquid, in order to meet the regulatory and technical standards relating to marine drainage.|[0059] Example 5 : is a basic example of a seawater carbon trapping containment device for use in the method of the present invention, As shown in Fig.2, it comprises a burner 1 , for burning fossil fuel and a carbon trap 2 , connected to the burner for trapping carbon dioxide in the tail gas of the burner, a seawater introduction device 3 , for introducing seawater into the carbon trap 2 and a seawater discharge passage 7 ; for dissolving the carbon dioxide in the tail gas. Carbon trap 2 coupled to burner 1 and chimney 6 includes a water trap 2.1 , The carbon trap 2 includes a packing layer; The carbon trap 2 has a seawater outlet port 5 in communication with the seawater outlet port 7 in communication with the seawater outlet port 7 in communication with the seawater outlet port.|[0060] Examples 6 : are examples based on Examples 5. Carbon trap 2 includes a water trap 2.1 , a water trap height 2.2 less than or equal to 20 m ; The water trap height 2.2 is the height of the water trap 2.1 horizontal centerline relative to the sea water inlet 3 point sea level 3.2.|[0061] There are also 2 embodiments of the water heater height 2.2 : one embodiment being less than or equal to 10 m , and another embodiment being less than or equal to 5 m.|[0062] The purpose of lowering the water trap height 2.2 is to reduce the energy consumption of extracted seawater, This energy consumption is the main energy consumption of the process of the present invention CCS.|[0063] Examples 7 : are examples based on Examples 5. The seawater of the carbon trap 2 is introduced into the apparatus 3 the seawater cooling system of the burner 1.|[0064] Another embodiment is the seawater introduction apparatus 3 of the carbon trap 2 which is the seawater introduction pump 3.1.|[0065] Yet another embodiment is the seawater introduction apparatus of the carbon trap 2 3 the seawater cooling system of the burner 1 and the seawater introduction pump 3.1. This is to reduce emissions of more carbon dioxide, to provide more seawater.|[0066] Example 8 : is Example of Coal Flaming Power Plant in the Sea, As shown in Fig. 2 , Burner 1 is boiler and turbine, boiler is pulverized coal boiler, boiler evaporation amount 3,000 t / h , turbine power 1000 MW , Cool with sea water, Cooling water is warmed up 8 . via turbine condenser. 5 °C; combustor flue gas amount 2,900,000Nm3/h , CO2 Emissions About 260, Average annual water temperature in the sea adjacent to the power plant 20 °C, carbon capture total amount 240, Capture of flue gas in the power plant 90 % CO2 , and sealed to the sea 1500 m deep; Injected to the sea for carbon sequestration pH a value of about 6.5 , vs. sealed sea pH background 8.1 Decrease by about 1.6 units; Cool water 150, with combustor turbine. Plus additional 90,000 t / h seawater for carbon trapping; The carbon trap uses a flat layout to reduce the height, where the water trap height is about 12 m ; This example CCS full-process operating cost increases the power generation cost of the corresponding generator by about 1.5 %.|[0067] Examples 9 : are examples based on Examples 5. As shown in Fig. 3 , there is a seawater regulating pump 4 , which is in communication with the carbon trap 2 or via the regulator 8 with the seawater discharge passage 7 in which the tail gas carbon dioxide is dissolved, for regulating the seawater pH value of the tail gas carbon dioxide dissolved through the seawater discharge passage 7. This implementation enables better control of the pH value of seawater discharge, while minimizing energy consumption.|[0068] The seawater regulating pump 4 , of another embodiment is in communication with the seawater discharging passage 7 in which the tail gas carbon dioxide is dissolved through the carbon trap 2, for regulating the seawater pH value of the tail gas carbon dioxide dissolved through the seawater discharging passage 7.|[0069] Examples 10 : are examples based on Examples 5. The filler layer, in the carbon trap 2 consists of an industrial bulk filler.|[0070] Another embodiment is that the filler layer consists of a regular filler. Yet another embodiment is that the filler layer is comprised of an orifice plate filler. Yet another embodiment is that the filler layer is comprised of various filler blends.|[0071] Examples 11 : are examples based on Examples 5. The seawater discharge passage 7 is a membrane water pipe.|[0072] Examples 12 : This example is another example of a coal-fired power plant in the sea, As shown in Fig. 3 , The combustor 1 comprises 1 sets of boilers and turbine, boilers having a steam content of 1024 t / h , flue gas content of 1,100,000Nm3/. h , CO2 Emissions of about 120,000Nm3/h , turbine power 300 MW , Cooling sea water 43,000 t / h , Temperature of 8.5 °C via turbine condensers; Average annual water temperature 20 °C; of seawater adjacent to the power plant. The present embodiment utilizes a turbine to fully cool seawater, and then increase 55,000 t / h seawater, carbon trap seal total water 98,000 t / h ; carbon trap employs a flat layout to reduce height, The height of the water trap is about 9 m ; seawater injected into the sea pH a value of about 6.5 , compared to seawater at the seal pH Background 8.2 a decrease of about 1.7 units, Organic woven film pipelines, with pipe diameters 25 m are transported to the depth of the sea 700 m to implement marine carbon sequestration.|[0073] Example CCS CO2 Emissions that reduced 80 % in the flue gas of the power plant , CCS The overall process operating cost was approximately 1 % of the corresponding group power generation cost.|[0074] Example 13 : is an example of retrofitting existing ships, e. g., Fig. 4 , Burner 1 comprises 1 12 MW marine diesel engines as a prime mover, Fuel uses sulfur 3.0 % v-v containing heavy oil , CO2 emissions approximately 3200Nm3/h , Retrofit using the carbon trap in combination with the original muffler, its water trap height 19 m , The maximum amount of water in the; carbon trap according to the ship's heavy water line is considered 1650 t / h , The seawater is introduced into the pump 3.1 and the flow rate of the seawater pump 4 is adjustable, to control the drain pH value.|[0075] The reduction of the tail gas of the vessel treated in this example : CO2 30 ~ 50 % , The specific value relates to the quality of the seawater and the temperature of the water at which the vessel sails , SO2 The reduction 99 % , is due to the fact that SO2 is more soluble in seawater, so that carbon emissions can be substantially reduced, and the low cost heavy oil can continue to be used as a result of compliance with the provision under annex VI to the MARPOL Convention on the sulfur ratio of the tail gas of the vessel in the control zone 4.3, equivalent to 0.1 % S fuel,. The full-flow operating cost corresponds to 1.1 % of the full power consumption of the host.|[0076] The present embodiment is provided with inlet and outlet ports pH Detection and control, Compliance with the provisions of the MARPOL Convention Annex VI Under MEPC 259 ( 68 ) etc.: Ships in progress, Wash engine exhaust gas with seawater, Unadded chemicals, The resulting wash drain , pH changes no more than 2 pH units of inlet seawater, Permit direct seaway.|[0077] Example 14 : is an example of a newly constructed vessel, Figure 5 , Burner 1 comprises 1 30 MW two-stroke diesel engines for ships, Fuel is heavy oil, sulfur 3.0 % v-v , CO2 emissions approximately 8100Nm3/h , constructed using a carbon trap combined with the original muffler design, wherein the water trap height 6 m , is considered; per the heavy water line of the vessel. Carbon capture seals maximum water 5800 t / h , seawater introduction pump 3.1 flow rate adjustable, to control drainage pH value; Ship tail gas treated in this example : CO2 reduction 50 ~ 70 % , specific values are related to seawater quality and water temperature at which ships sail , SO2 reduction 98 % , equivalent 0.1 % S fuel, can continue to use existing low-cost heavy oil. CCS The full-flow operating cost corresponds to 0.6 % of the full power consumption of the host. The drainage of this example is in accordance with the provisions of resolutions VI under MEPC 259 ( 68 ), etc., Annex to the Convention.|[0078] Examples 15 : Another example of a newly constructed vessel, As shown in Fig. 6 , Burner 1 comprises 1 50 MW marine diesel engines, Fuel heavy oil, The water trap height of the sulfur 2.9 % v-v , carbon trap 6 m ; Regulates the flow rate of the sea water pump 4 Adjustable; Ship tail gas CO2 reduction 70 ~ 90 % , SO2 reduction 99 % , The existing low-cost heavy oil can continue to be used. CCS The full-flow operating cost corresponds to 0.7 % of the full power consumption of the host.|[0079] The drainage of this example is in accordance with the provisions of resolutions VI under MEPC 259 ( 68 ), etc., Annex to the Convention.|[0080] The claims of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. | Family Number|(74544940)|74544940|Abstract|(CN106076066 A)|The invention relates to a seawater type carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) method and device suitable for coastal power plants , marine ships and other marine facilities burning fossil fuels to reduce carbon dioxide emission . The invention utilizes the principles that seawater can dissolve a certain amount of carbon dioxide and ocean can store a huge amount of carbon dioxide , fossil fuel tail gas is washed with seawater to dissolve carbon dioxide in the tail gas into seawater to perform carbon capture , then under the condition of controlling the pH value meeting related international regulations and technical standards , the seawater with dissolved tail gas carbon dioxide is discharged and injected into ocean to conduct carbon sequestration . The invention adopts an & apos ; & apos ; economical concentration&apos ; & apos ; strategy : under the premise of CCS whole process economical efficiency , designing the carbon concentration of the capture and storage process , namely & apos ; & apos ; economical concentration&apos ; & apos ; . Compared with the existing & apos ; & apos ; high concentration&apos ; & apos ; strategy of ocean carbon sequestration , the method and device provided by the invention lower the cost of capture and storage of a same amount of carbon dioxide by one magnitude , make the CCS utilizing ocean carbon sequestration resources economically feasible , and create conditions for deeper development of ocean carbon sequestration so as to facilitate realization of climate goals . |(CN106731510 A)|The invention relates to a seawater carbon capture and storage method and a seawater carbon capture and storage device ( Ocean CCS ) suitable for fossil energy marine facilities of coastal power plants and marine ships to reduce atmospheric carbon emission . By using the principle that carbon dioxide can be dissolved into seawater , is a natural substance in ocean and can be massively and friendly stored in ocean , a fossil fuel waste gas is washed by using the seawater to achieve carbon capture , the seawater into which the waste gas carbon dioxide is dissolved is injected into a sea surface layer or middle - layer water or deep - layer water to execute ocean carbon storage under the conditions that the indexes of the pH value and the like meet the environmental regulations ; and the storage effect is diffused and improved by using ocean current . The whole process cost of the Ocean CCS is reduced by at least one order of magnitude in comparison with the prior art . The seawater carbon capture and storage method and device are beneficial to implementation of commercial - scale carbon capture and storage of fossil energy in coastal areas with dense large carbon emission point sources and are conducive to further keeping economical and green advantages of the ocean shipping industry . |(WO2017210956 A1)|A method and apparatus for carbon capture and storage in seawater, applicable in reducing carbon dioxide emissions for coastal power plants and fossil fuel-burning marine facilities such as marine vessels. Utilizing the principle that a certain amount of carbon dioxide can be dissolved into seawater and the ocean is capable of storing a massive amount of carbon dioxide, seawater is used to rinse a fossil fuel exhaust gas so that carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is dissolved into the seawater for carbon capture, and then, the seawater in which carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas is dissolved and, insofar that the pH value is controlled in compliance with criteria of relevant international regulations and technical standards, discharged into the ocean to implement carbon storage.|Un procédé et un appareil pour la capture et le stockage de carbone dans l'eau de mer, applicables dans la réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone pour des centrales électriques côtières et des installations marines à combustible fossile, telles que des navires. L'utilisation du principe selon lequel une certaine quantité de dioxyde de carbone peut être dissoute dans l'eau de mer et l'océan est capable de stocker une quantité massive de dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau de mer est utilisée pour rincer un gaz d'échappement de combustible fossile de sorte que le dioxyde de carbone dans le gaz d'échappement soit dissous dans l'eau de mer pour la capture du carbone, puis l'eau de mer dans laquelle le dioxyde de carbone du gaz d'échappement est dissous et, dans la mesure où la valeur de pH est régulée conformément à des critères de réglementation internationale et de normes techniques pertinentes, déchargée dans l'océan pour mettre en oeuvre le stockage de carbone.| | Environmental technology | B01D-053/14/12|B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/18|B01D-053/62|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/012|B01D-2258/0283|B01D-2259/4566|Y02A-050/20|Y02C-020/40|Y02E-010/00|Y02E-010/30 | 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publication date=2016-11-09|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2017-01-04|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2017-04-19|Event code=CN/WD01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | (WO2017/210956)|ARIPO: GH, RW, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2017/210956)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2017/210956)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2017/210956)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2017/210956)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IR, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=icjTorqguCCpj2zwb4w1G90P/F2Pwh1EkaV0SMUACwOCCKReMmHu7M9Ry4MrhQjLALkMBz8hwaI=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=WO2017210956&ekey=1048&xpn=WO2017210956&kind=A1 | http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017210956&redirectedID=true | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=xuBDeNMTS6o0mcKQsgVAL7msLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (WO2017/210956)|CN|| | (WO2017/210956)|NAME=PENG, Sigan WU, Hongxia Room 12A11, Rich International Building Wuluo Road No.717, Hongshan District Wuhan, Hubei 430072, POSTCODE=430072, COUNTRY=CN|(CN106731510)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(CN106076066)|NAME=PENG SIGAN | Titre: (WO2017/210956)|Method and equipment for carbon capture and sequestration with seawater Résumé: (WO2017/210956)|A method and apparatus for carbon capture and storage in seawater, applicable in reducing carbon dioxide emissions for coastal power plants and fossil fuel-burning marine facilities such as marine vessels. Utilizing the principle that a certain amount of carbon dioxide can be dissolved into seawater and the ocean is capable of storing a massive amount of carbon dioxide, seawater is used to rinse a fossil fuel exhaust gas so that carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is dissolved into the seawater for carbon capture, and then, the seawater in which carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas is dissolved and, insofar that the pH value is controlled in compliance with criteria of relevant international regulations and technical standards, discharged into the ocean to implement carbon storage. | 41.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon capture and storage using seawater, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 4.0 | 14.0 | (CN106731510)|1|(WO2017/210956)|1|(CN106076066)|1 | (CN106731510)|9|(WO2017/210956)|9|(CN106076066)|9 | (WO2017/210956)|10|(CN106731510)|10|(CN106076066)|10 | 0.0 | 9.0 | 2.0 | (CN106731510)|6|(WO2017/210956)|6|(CN106076066)|6 | 1.0 | 3.0 | (WO2017/210956)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(CN106731510)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2017-05-31|Gazette number: GAZNUM=33-2201|Number of Pages: NPAGES=14||(CN106076066)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2016-11-09|Gazette number: GAZNUM=32-45|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12| | (WO2017/210956)|CHINESE (CHI) | (WO2017210956)|Patent|(CN106731510)|Patent|(CN106076066)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 56 | CN202210555007 | CN202210555007 | CN114954785|CN114954785 | 101515212 | CN114954785 B 2023-05-16 [CN114954785B]|CN114954785 A 2022-08-30 [CN114954785] | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | 2023-05-16|2022-08-30 | (CN114954785B)|2023-05-16 | (CN114954785)|2042-05-19 | (CN114954785)|Torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration and installation method thereof | (CN114954785)|The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea anchoring, and relates to a torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration and a mounting method thereof. The torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration comprises an anchor tip, a lower anchor rod, an upper anchor pipe, a round hole, an anchor wing, an anchor plate hole, a working anchor pipe chain, a flexible guide pipe, an anchor pipe joint, an anchor pipe hole, an anchor chain connecting ring and a carbon dioxide emission platform. Carbon dioxide and an alkaline solution are used for mineralizing soil around the torpedo anchor, carbon dioxide storage is achieved, the bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor is improved, and the soil application range is widened. The method is easy to operate, saves the operation cost of punching, pipe burying and the like, and is more suitable for deep sea operation. The working anchor pipe chain can be connected with the torpedo anchor and a CO2 emission platform and can also be used for conveying CO2 and an alkaline solution. CO2 can form a carbon dioxide hydrate with water in the soil body, so that the storage of the CO2 hydrate is realized, and the CO2 can also react with Ca (OH) 2 and Mg (OH) 2 to generate carbonate precipitates, so that the mineralization storage of CO2 is realized. | HENAN UNIVERSITY | (CN114954785)|HENAN UNIVERSITY ([CN])|(CN114954785)|HENAN UNIVERSITY ([CN]) | YU LU|ZHANG JIANWEI|YANG QING | (CN114954785)|Yu Lu|Zhang Jianwei|Yang Qing|(CN114954785)|YU LU|ZHANG JIANWEI|YANG QING | (CN114954785)|GENG HAO;BEIJING JINGHUA ZHILIAN PATENT OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 11991 | (CN114954785)|The invention has the advantages that:| | (CN114954785)|1. The fish and lightning anchor based on marine carbon sequestration is characterized by comprising an anchor point (1), a lower anchor rod (2), an upper anchor pipe (3), a round hole (4), anchor wings (5), anchor plate holes (6), a working anchor pipe chain (7), anchor pipe joints (8), flexible guide pipes (9), anchor pipe holes (10) and an anchor chain connecting ring (11);the anchor point (1), the lower anchor rod (2) and the upper anchor pipe (3) are connected in sequence; the working anchor pipe chain (7) consists of at least 2 anchor pipe joints (8) and a flexible guide pipe (9); anchor chain connecting rings (11) are arranged at two ends of each anchor pipe joint (8), and the anchor pipe joints (8) are connected through the anchor chain connecting rings (11); the flexible conduit (9) is arranged in the anchor pipe joint (8); before the fish-mine anchor is installed, the working anchor pipe chain (7) can be suspended at one side of the anchor or lowered to a certain position like a traditional flexible anchor chain, so that the installation of the fish-mine anchor is not affected;the upper anchor pipe (3) is a hollow steel pipe, and round holes (4) are arranged on the quincuncial side wall of the upper anchor pipe; an even number of anchor wings (5) are vertically and equidistantly arranged at the tail end of the upper anchor pipe (3);the upper top surface of the upper anchor pipe (3) is provided with an anchor pipe hole (10), and the anchor plate hole (6) is vertically fixed on the upper top surface and is connected with an anchor chain connecting ring (11) of the anchor pipe joint (8); one end of the flexible conduit (9) is connected with the anchor pipe hole (10);the length L of the anchor wing (5) f Is 1/3 of the length L of the upper anchor tube (3) f Satisfy formula (1), unit: m:L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004 (1)wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the length dimension of the anchor wing;the lower anchor rod (2) is filled with waste concrete blocks and waste steel to increase the weight so as to lead the gravity center G of the torpedo anchor z Below centroid O z Vertical drop in water, calculated according to formulas (2) and (3), units: m;wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length of the upper anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un For the volume size of the lower anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.| | (CN114954785)|The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea anchoring, and relates to a torpedo anchor based on marine carbon sequestration and an installation method thereof.|The invention provides a torpedo anchor with high bearing capacity based on marine carbon sequestration and an installation method thereof.| | (CN114954785)|ANCHOR(100,56)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,29)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,26)|FISH(100,14)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|LIGHTNING ANCHOR(100,1)|ANCHORING WING(99,22)|WORKING ANCHOR(67,20)|TORPEDO ANCHOR(64,14)|ANCHOR CHAIN(61,6)|UPPER ANCHOR PIPE(60,14)|FLEXIBLE GUIDE PIPE(44,6)|ANCHORING PIPE(43,1)|CIRCULAR HOLE(38,8)|DEEP SEA ANCHOR(37,2)|UPPER ANCHOR TUBE(35,34)|FISH INSTALLATION(35,5)|FLEXIBLE ANCHOR CHAIN(35,2)|DISCHARGE PLATFORM(32,10)|ANCHOR WING VOLUME DIMENSION(32,5)|TORPEDO(31,9)|CARBONATE PRECIPITATE(31,7)|ANCHOR TUBE(29,19)|EXHAUST PLATFORM(28,1)|SWORDFISH HEAD(28,1)|ALKALINE SOLUTION(27,11)|ANCHOR PLATE HOLE(27,2)|GROUND(26,24)|ANCHOR ROD(26,21)|WORKING ANCHOR TUBE CHAIN(25,4)|PIPE BURYING(25,2)|FLEXIBLE CONDUIT(24,24)|INSTALLATION SHIP(24,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION PLATFORM(24,1)|TORPEDO ANCHOR BEARING CAPACITY(23,3)|PRESET FALLING HEIGHT(22,2)|SELF GRAVITY VIRTUE(22,2)|WALL THICKNESS(20,7)|VOLUME DIMENSION(18,5)|ANCHOR TUBE SECTION(18,2)|PRESET DEPTH(18,2)|CENTROID(17,10)|WIDTH DIMENSION(17,5)|WASTE CONCRETE BLOCK(17,2)|PVC(16,4)|HOLLOW STEEL PIPE(16,3)|INTERFACE FRICTION(15,7)|APPLICABLE SOIL RANGE(15,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEALING(15,1)|PUNCHING(14,2)|LIQUID DISCHARGE(14,1)|CARBON SEALING(13,2)|GRADIENT(13,2)|ANCHOR POINT(12,12)|BICARBONATE(12,4)|CALCAREOUS SAND PARTICLE FRAGILITY(12,1)|STEEL WIRE(11,4)|LENGTH DIMENSION(10,18)|ANCHOR PLATE EYE(10,4)|CAOH(10,3)|BUTT JOINT(10,2)|HOLLOW STEEL TUBE(10,1)|BEARING CAPACITY(9,9)|MARINE CARBON MINERALIZATION(8,1)|QUINCUNCIAL SIDE WALL(8,1)|THIN STEEL TUBE(8,1)|FISH ANCHOR BEARING CAPACITY(7,3)|SEABED DESIGNED DEPTH(7,3)|ANCHOR WING EVEN NUMBER(7,1)|CEMENT SOIL PARTICLE(7,1)|DEEP SEA ANCHORING FOUNDATION(7,1)|ECOLOGICAL REGULATION CAPABILITY(7,1)|SISAL FISH HEAD(7,1)|SOIL CEMENT PARTICLE(7,1)|DEEP SEA OPERATION(6,2)|HORIZONTAL DIRECTION(6,2)|UPPER TOP(6,2)|ANCHOR INSTALLATION DEPTH(6,1)|ANCHOR TUBE FESTIVAL(6,1)|DEEP SEA FLOATING PLATFORM(6,1)|INSTALLATION DEPTH RESTRICTION(6,1)|SOIL COHESION(6,1)|URGENT ISSUE(6,1)|SOIL STRENGTH(5,9)|BIONICS(5,3)|GRAVITY CENTER(5,3)|QUINCUNCIAL SHAPE(5,3)|SEAWATER(5,3)|BONDING LAND(5,2)|FLEXIBLE CATHETER(5,2)|GLACIER MELTING(5,1)|SANDY SOIL(5,1)|FLEXIBLE PIPE(4,2)|TAIL END(4,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|DISCHARGE PLATFORM DRAIN PIPE(4,1)|EMBEDDED EXHAUST PIPE(4,1)|FILLING SOIL PORE MODE(4,1)|LIVING ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|NATURAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION(4,1)|RAINFALL REDUCTION(4,1)|SOIL PORE FILLING(4,1)|STABLE CARBON LAKE(4,1)|WASTE ASPHALT CONCRETE BLOCK(4,1)|WORLD ECONOMY RAPID DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|TOWING(3,3)|COASTLINE(3,1)|COUNTERWEIGHT(3,1)|DEFECT(3,1)||(CN114954785)|ANCHOR(100,62)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,31)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,15)|CALCAREOUS SAND PARTICLE FRAGILITY(94,1)|ANCHORING WING(85,23)|WORKING ANCHOR(72,34)|TORPEDO ANCHOR(72,20)|UPPER ANCHOR PIPE(70,35)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(70,13)|CALCAREOUS SAND PARTICLE(66,1)|ANCHORING PIPE(64,14)|ANCHOR CHAIN(60,15)|TORPEDO(58,14)|DEEP SEA MINERALIZATION(50,1)|FISH INSTALLATION(45,2)|CIRCULAR HOLE(43,11)|ANCHOR TIP(41,4)|CALCAREOUS SAND(37,3)|FLEXIBLE ANCHOR CHAIN(37,2)|ANCHOR ROD(35,22)|CENTROID(35,10)|FLEXIBLE GUIDE PIPE(34,6)|TORPEDO ANCHOR BEARING CAPACITY(33,2)|BIONICS(32,3)|SANDY SOIL(32,3)|INSTALLATION SHIP(31,1)|ALKALINE SOLUTION(29,11)|FLEXIBLE CONDUIT(28,29)|GROUND(28,26)|DEEP SEA MOORING(28,2)|DRAINAGE PLATFORM DRAIN PIPE(27,2)|PIPE BURYING(27,2)|ANCHOR BEARING CAPACITY(26,1)|ANCHOR PLATE HOLE(25,5)|INSTALLATION DEPTH(25,2)|SOIL BODY INTERFACE(25,1)|SWORDFISH HEAD(24,2)|UPPER ANCHOR TUBE(23,3)|PRESET FALLING HEIGHT(23,2)|PHONE(22,10)|CARBONATE PRECIPITATE(22,5)|WALL THICKNESS(21,8)|QUINCUNX SHAPE(21,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISCHARGE PLATFORM(21,1)|PHONE WATER(20,10)|FISH(20,5)|WIDTH DIMENSION(19,4)|GAS TRANSPORTATION(19,2)|PRESET DEPTH(19,2)|UPPER ANCHOR(18,19)|BEARING CAPACITY(18,8)|INTERFACE FRICTION(18,7)|WASTE CONCRETE BLOCK(18,2)|HOLLOW STEEL PIPE(17,3)|EQUAL INTERVAL(17,2)|SELF GRAVITY(16,2)|APPLICABLE SOIL RANGE(16,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEALING(16,1)|TIP VOLUME(15,5)|PUNCHING(15,2)|PVC STEEL WIRE(15,1)|SOIL CEMENT PARTICLE(14,3)|LENGTH DIMENSION(13,25)|GRADIENT(13,2)|FISH THUNDER ANCHOR(11,3)|MGOH(10,3)|COASTLINE KILOMETER(10,1)|HOLLOW STEEL TUBE(10,1)|ANCHOR POINT(9,7)|TORPEDO ANCHOR INSTALLATION(9,1)|P WALL(8,5)|BALANCE WEIGHT(8,4)|OCEAN CARBON MINERALIZATION(8,1)|THIN STEEL TUBE(8,1)|SEABED DESIGNED DEPTH(7,3)|REACTION PHONE CARBONATE(7,2)|ANCHOR BODYIN(7,1)|DEEP SEA ANCHORING FOUNDATION(7,1)|ECOLOGICAL REGULATION CAPACITY(7,1)|INNOVATION DEFECT(7,1)|RAYNAUD ANCHOR(7,1)|TORPEDO ANCHOR DEVELOPMENT(7,1)|DEEP SEA OPERATION(6,2)|HORIZONTAL DIRECTION(6,2)|UPPER TOP(6,2)|ANCHOR INSTALLATION DEPTH(6,1)|DEEP SEA FLOATING PLATFORM(6,1)|FISH STONE ANCHOR(6,1)|LIGHTNING ANCHOR(6,1)|SOIL COHESION(6,1)|FLEXIBLE GUIDE(5,3)|ANCHOR WING EVEN NUMBER(5,2)|BEARING CAPACITYFORCE(5,1)|GLACIER MELTING(5,1)|PHONE CAOH(5,1)|SOIL STRENGTH(4,8)|SEAWATER(4,2)|TAIL END(4,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|LIVING ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|NATURAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION(4,1)|PHONE WASTE(4,1)|RAINFALL REDUCTION(4,1)|SEQUESTRATION COST(4,1)|SOIL BODY PARTICLE(4,1)|STABLE CARBON LAKE(4,1)|WORLD ECONOMY RAPID DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|DISCHARGING(3,3)|GREENHOUSE GAS(3,3)| | (CN114954785)|1. The fish and lightning anchor based on marine carbon sequestration is characterized by comprising an anchor point (1), a lower anchor rod (2), an upper anchor pipe (3), a round hole (4), anchor wings (5), anchor plate holes (6), a working anchor pipe chain (7), anchor pipe joints (8), flexible guide pipes (9), anchor pipe holes (10) and an anchor chain connecting ring (11);|the anchor point (1), the lower anchor rod (2) and the upper anchor pipe (3) are connected in sequence; the working anchor pipe chain (7) consists of at least 2 anchor pipe joints (8) and a flexible guide pipe (9); anchor chain connecting rings (11) are arranged at two ends of each anchor pipe joint (8), and the anchor pipe joints (8) are connected through the anchor chain connecting rings (11); the flexible conduit (9) is arranged in the anchor pipe joint (8); before the fish-mine anchor is installed, the working anchor pipe chain (7) can be suspended at one side of the anchor or lowered to a certain position like a traditional flexible anchor chain, so that the installation of the fish-mine anchor is not affected;|the upper anchor pipe (3) is a hollow steel pipe, and round holes (4) are arranged on the quincuncial side wall of the upper anchor pipe; an even number of anchor wings (5) are vertically and equidistantly arranged at the tail end of the upper anchor pipe (3);|the upper top surface of the upper anchor pipe (3) is provided with an anchor pipe hole (10), and the anchor plate hole (6) is vertically fixed on the upper top surface and is connected with an anchor chain connecting ring (11) of the anchor pipe joint (8); one end of the flexible conduit (9) is connected with the anchor pipe hole (10);|the length L of the anchor wing (5) f Is 1/3 of the length L of the upper anchor tube (3) f Satisfy formula (1), unit: m:|L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004 (1)|wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the length dimension of the anchor wing;|the lower anchor rod (2) is filled with waste concrete blocks and waste steel to increase the weight so as to lead the gravity center G of the torpedo anchor z Below centroid O z Vertical drop in water, calculated according to formulas (2) and (3), units: m;|wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length of the upper anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un For the volume size of the lower anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|2. The fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration as in claim 1, wherein the arc of the lower edge of the anchor wing (5) is designed according to the shape of the head of the swordfish, and the gradient between any two points on the arc forms an angle of more than 45 degrees with the horizontal direction.|3. A fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration as in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper anchor tube (3) is a hollow steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.015-0.030 m, a diameter of 0.7-1.5 m, and a spacing between the round holes (4) greater than 1.5 times the aperture.|4. A fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration as in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anchor tube section (8) is a thin steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.01 m-0.02 m.|5. A fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration as in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said flexible conduit (9) is 2-4 steel wire hoses of PA, PE or PVC with wall thickness of 0.005-0.015 m.|6. A fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said flexible conduit (9) is 2-4 steel wire hoses of PA, PE or PVC with a wall thickness of 0.005-0.015 m.|7. A fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration as in claim 4, characterized in that said flexible conduit (9) is 2-4 steel wire hoses of PA, PE or PVC with wall thickness of 0.005-0.015 m.|8. A fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 6 or 7, characterized in that the thickness of the anchor wing (5) is 0.1-0.2 m.|9. The method for installing a fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:|the first step: on the installation ship, assembling the upper anchor pipe (3) and the lower anchor rod (2) which are sub-packaged and transported to complete the anchor body assembly; connecting the installation anchor chain and the working anchor pipe chain (7);|and a second step of: the anchor body and the working anchor pipe chain (7) are lowered to a preset falling height; releasing the installation anchor chain, and enabling the anchor body to penetrate into soil body to a preset depth only by virtue of self gravity;|and a third step of: after the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain (7) and CO 2 The discharge platform (12) is connected, and the flexible conduit (9) is connected with CO 2 The exhaust pipe or the liquid discharge pipe of the discharge platform (12) is in butt joint;|fourth step: CO is firstly processed into 2 The gas is sent into the upper anchor tube (3) through 1-2 flexible guide pipes (9) in the working anchor tube chain (7); then under the action of pressure CO 2 The carbon dioxide hydrate is formed with the water in the soil and sealed up by diffusing into the soil around the anchor body through the side wall round holes (4);|fifth step: if only carbon is sealed, 1-4 flexible guide pipes (9) in the working anchor pipe chain (7) can be used for conveying CO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fish-mine anchor can anchor CO 2 An exhaust platform (12) for CO delivery 2 Carbon sealing is carried out, so that the cost is saved;|sixth step: CO 2 After the gas is transported, the gas passes through another1-2 flexible conduits (9) for delivering alkaline solution into the upper anchor pipe (3), wherein the alkaline solution continuously enters the soil body through the side wall round holes (4) under the action of pressure; CO 2 With CaOH 2 And MgOH 2 Reacting to generate carbonate precipitate;|seventh step: when CO is at the upper part 2 When the discharge platform (12) needs to be moved and the fish mine anchors are repeatedly utilized, excess CO can be introduced 2 Gas, CO 2 The gas reacts with water and carbonate to generate bicarbonate dissolved in water, so that the strength of soil body and interface friction are reduced, and the anchor body is easy to pull out. | (CN114954785)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea anchoring, and relates to a torpedo anchor based on marine carbon sequestration and an installation method thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] With the rapid development of world economy, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) The discharge amount is gradually increased, and the living environment of human beings is endangered continuously. IPCC sixth evaluation report "climate change 2021: the natural science foundation states that: since 1850-1900, the global surface average temperature has increased by about 1 ℃ due to excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. CO 2 As a major component of greenhouse gases, excessive emissions can have serious consequences such as global warming, glacier melting, elevation of sea level, rainfall reduction, and species extinction. Thus, control of CO in the atmosphere 2 Concentration has become an urgent issue for all humans. China has coastline of 1.8 ten thousand kilometers, and the area of the jurisdictional sea area is about 300 ten thousand square kilometers, which is rich in energy and strong in ecological regulation capability. Thus, the ocean has a significant effect on reducing carbon emissions and carbon sequestration.|[0003] The existing ocean carbon sequestration technology mainly focuses on carbon dioxide hydrate sequestration, and in seawater at high pressure and low temperature, water molecules are relocated to form a cage shape to capture CO 2 Gas, CO formation 2 A hydrate. Liquid CO 2 The density is greater than that of seawater, and the seawater is deposited on the low-lying area of the seabed under the action of gravity to form a stable carbon lake. The mineralization and sealing operation in deep sea has high difficulty and high cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a marine carbon mineralization technology that is simple to operate and economical and efficient.|[0004] The fish anchor is a deep sea anchoring foundation and is mainly used for anchoring a deep sea floating platform. It has advantages of simple installation and low cost. At present, torpedo anchors are mainly used for cohesive soil, and less used for sandy soil or calcareous sand. Because the bearing capacity in sand or calcareous sand is lower due to the restriction of installation depth, friction between the anchor body and the soil body interface, fragility of calcareous sand particles and other factors. The fish anchor is connected to the upper floating platform by a mooring line or cable. The existing invention patent for improving the fish anchor has the defects of increasing the contact area between the anchor body and the soil body and the installation depth of the anchor body, and increasing the bearing capacity by improving the strength of the soil body. Thus, based on CO 2 A torpedo anchor taking marine carbon sequestration into consideration and an installation method thereof are developed based on a mineralized soil body principle.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] In order to solve the problem of marine carbon sequestration and further improve the bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor. The invention provides a torpedo anchor with high bearing capacity based on marine carbon sequestration and an installation method thereof.|[0006] The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:|[0007] a torpedo anchor based on marine carbon sequestration comprises an anchor point, a lower anchor rod, an upper anchor tube, round holes, anchor wings, anchor plate eyes, a working anchor tube chain, anchor tube joints, flexible guide tubes, anchor tube holes and anchor chain connecting rings;|[0008] the anchor point, the lower anchor rod and the upper anchor pipe are connected in sequence; the working anchor pipe chain consists of at least 2 anchor pipe joints and flexible pipes; anchor chain connecting rings are arranged at two ends of the anchor pipe sections, and the anchor pipe sections are connected through the anchor chain connecting rings. The flexible conduit is built into the anchor tube segment. Before the fish-mine anchor is installed, the working anchor pipe chain can be suspended at one side of the anchor or lowered to a certain position like a traditional flexible anchor chain, and the installation of the fish-mine anchor is not affected.|[0009] The upper anchor pipe is a hollow steel pipe, and round holes are distributed on the side wall in a quincuncial shape. The lower anchor rod is filled with waste asphalt concrete blocks, waste steel fittings and waste metal to increase the weight so as to lead the gravity center G of the torpedo anchor z Below centroid O z Falls vertically in water. The lengths of the upper anchor pipe and the lower anchor rod are also according to the gravity center G of the torpedo anchor z Below centroid O z And (5) designing. The even anchor wings are vertically and equidistantly arranged at the tail end of the upper anchor pipe, the arc shape of the lower edge of each anchor wing is designed according to the shape of the head of the sisal fish, and the included angle between the gradient of any two points on the arc and the horizontal direction is larger than 45 degrees.|[0010] The upper top surface of upper portion anchor pipe be equipped with anchor tube hole, anchor plate eye vertical fixation is above upper top surface, links to each other with the anchor chain go-between of anchor tube festival. One end of the flexible conduit is connected with the anchor tube hole.|[0011] The anchor pipe joint is a steel thin pipe with the wall thickness of 0.01 m-0.02 m. The number of the flexible conduits is 2-4, the flexible conduits are steel wire hoses of PA, PE or PVC, and the wall thickness is 0.005-0.015 m.|[0012] The thickness of the anchor wing is 0.1-0.2 m, and the length L f 1/3 of the length L of the upper anchor tube f A unit of formula 1: m:|[0013] L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004 (1)|[0014] wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the anchor wing length dimension.|[0015] The upper anchor pipe is a hollow steel pipe, the pipe wall thickness is 0.015-0.030 m, the diameter is 0.7-1.5 m, round holes are distributed in a quincuncial shape on the side wall, and the distance between the round holes is larger than 1.5 times of the aperture.|[0016] The lower anchor rod is filled with waste concrete blocks and waste steel to increase the weight so as to lead the gravity center G of the torpedo anchor z Below centroid O z Falls vertically in water, the units are calculated according to the following formulas 2 and 3: m.|[0017] |[0018] |[0019] Wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length of the upper anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un For the volume size of the lower anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|[0020] CO 2 The gas is input into the upper anchor pipe through the flexible guide pipe, and is diffused into the soil body through the circular holes of the side wall under the action of pressure. CO 2 Can form carbon dioxide hydrate with water in soil body.|[0021] CO is introduced into 2 The gas can be combined with CaOH 2 And MgOH 2 Reaction to generate carbonate precipitate, thereby realizing CO 2 Sealing and storing. The generated carbonate increases the soil strength in a mode of filling soil pores and cemented soil particles, and improves the bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor.|[0022] A method for installing a fish anchor based on marine carbon sequestration comprises the following steps:|[0023] the first step: and on the installation ship, assembling the upper anchor pipe and the lower anchor rod which are transported in a split-charging way, and completing the assembly of the anchor body. And connecting the installation anchor chain and the working anchor pipe chain.|[0024] And a second step of: and lowering the anchor body and the working anchor pipe chain to a preset falling height. And releasing the installation anchor chain, and enabling the anchor body to penetrate into soil body to a preset depth only by virtue of self gravity.|[0025] And a third step of: after the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain and CO 2 The discharge platform is connected, and the flexible conduit is connected with CO 2 The exhaust or drain pipes of the discharge platform are in butt joint.|[0026] Fourth step: first, CO with a certain pressure is added 2 The gas is delivered to the upper anchor tube through 1-2 flexible conduits in the working anchor tube chain. Then under the action of the pressure, the pressure is applied to the cylinder,CO 2 and the carbon dioxide hydrate is formed with the water in the soil to be sealed and stored.|[0027] Fifth step: if only carbon sealing is carried out, 1-4 flexible guide pipes in the working anchor pipe chain can be used for conveying CO 2 . The fish-mine anchor can anchor CO 2 An emission platform for transporting CO 2 And the carbon is sealed, so that the cost is saved.|[0028] Sixth step: CO 2 After the gas is transported, alkaline solution is hydraulically delivered into the upper anchor pipe through another 1-2 flexible conduits, and the alkaline solution continuously enters the soil body through the circular holes on the side wall under the action of pressure. CO 2 With CaOH 2 And MgOH 2 The reaction produces carbonate precipitate.|[0029] Seventh step: when CO is at the upper part 2 When the discharge platform needs to be moved and the fish anchor is repeatedly utilized, excessive CO can be introduced 2 Gas, CO 2 The gas reacts with water and carbonate to generate bicarbonate dissolved in water, so that the strength of soil body and interface friction are reduced, and the anchor body is easy to pull out.|[0030] The invention has the advantages that:|[0031] the anchor pipe chain adopts flexible connection, the embedded exhaust pipe can be installed in the seabed together with the anchor body, and the traditional torpedo anchor has only an anchoring function. The invention has simple operation, saves the operation cost of punching, pipe burying and the like, and is more suitable for deep sea operation. The working anchor pipe chain can connect the fish anchor and CO 2 An emission platform for transporting CO 2 And an alkaline solution. CO 2 Can form carbon dioxide hydrate with water in soil body to realize CO 2 The hydrate can be stored in a sealed state, and can also be mixed with Ca (OH) 2 And Mg (OH) 2 Generating carbonate precipitate by reaction to reach CO 2 Mineralizing and sealing. The fish-mine anchor can anchor CO 2 An emission platform for transporting CO 2 Gas, CO reduction 2 Cost of sealing. The generated carbonate fills the soil pores and cement soil particles, so that the soil strength is increased; and the interface friction between the anchor body and the soil body is increased, so that the bearing capacity of the fish anchor is improved. In sand or calcareous sand CO 2 Mineralized soilThe body effect is obvious, so that the applicable soil range of the torpedo anchor is enlarged.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0032] FIG. 1 is a front view of a marine carbon sequestration fish mine anchor of the present invention;|[0033] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a marine carbon sequestration fish mine anchor of the present invention;|[0034] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the marine carbon sequestration fish mine anchor of the present invention;|[0035] FIG. 4 is a top view of a marine carbon sequestration fish mine anchor of the present invention;|[0036] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the anchor tube chain of the present invention;|[0037] FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of an anchor tube chain of the present invention;|[0038] FIG. 7 is a top view of the anchor tube chain of the present invention;|[0039] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the marine carbon sequestration torpedo anchor of the present invention.|[0040] In the figure: 1-anchor points; 2-lower anchor rod; 3-upper anchor tube; 4-round holes; 5-anchor wings; 6-anchor plate eyes; 7-working anchor tube chains; 8-anchor pipe sections; 9-a flexible catheter; 10-anchor tube holes; 11-anchor chain connecting rings; 12-CO 2 And (5) discharging the platform.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0041] The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions:|[0042] a torpedo anchor based on marine carbon sequestration comprises an anchor point 1, a lower anchor rod 2, an upper anchor tube 3, an exhaust hole 4, an anchor wing 5 and an anchor plate eye 6: the lower anchor rod 2 is assembled with the upper anchor pipe 3, and the lower anchor rod 2 is filled with construction waste added with a counterweight; the upper anchor pipe 3 is connected with 4 arc-shaped anchor wings 5 with 90-degree intervals, and a plurality of exhaust holes 4 are distributed on the side wall in a quincuncial shape, as shown in figures 1-4. The working anchor pipe chain 7 consists of a plurality of anchor pipe joints 8 and 1-4 flexible pipes 9 which are arranged in the anchor pipe joints, as shown in figures 5-7.|[0043] Embodiment one:|[0044] according to the installation method of the fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration, firstly, the designs of the lower anchor rod 2, the upper anchor tube 3 and the anchor wings 5 are optimized based on the bionics principle and the principle that the gravity center is lower than the centroid, and the widths of the anchor wings 5 are as shown in the formula (1) (unit: m):|[0045] L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004|[0046] wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the anchor wing length dimension.|[0047] Center of gravity G z And centroid O z The calculations are as in formulas (2) and (3) (unit: m):|[0048] |[0049] |[0050] wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length dimension of the lower anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un For the volume size of the lower anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|[0051] (2) The lower anchor rod 2 and the upper anchor tube 3 are assembled and then connected with the working anchor tube chain 7, and 2 flexible guide tubes 9 are distributed inside the working anchor tube chain 7.|[0052] (3) The torpedo anchor was lowered onto the seabed for 50m and the working anchor line 7 was suspended on one side of the anchor. The installation anchor chain is released, and the torpedo anchor towing work anchor pipe chain 7 penetrates to the designed depth of the seabed in the free falling process.|[0053] (4) After the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain 7 and CO 2 The discharge platform 12 is connected and interfaces with the flexible conduit 9.|[0054] (5) CO with a certain pressure 2 The gas is delivered into the upper anchor tube 3 through 1 flexible conduit 9 in the anchor tube chain 7, and then CO 2 The gas is diffused into the soil around the anchor body through the side wall exhaust hole 4 under the pressure effect, and CO 2 And forming a carbon dioxide hydrate with the water in the soil body for sealing.|[0055] (6) CO after transmission 2 Gas, againCa (OH) is introduced through another 1 flexible catheter 9 2 And Mg (OH) 2 The alkaline solution is hydraulically sent into the upper anchor pipe 3, and the alkaline solution continuously enters the soil body through the side wall exhaust holes 4 under the pressure. CO 2 With Ca (OH) 2 And Mg (OH) 2 The reaction produces carbonate precipitate. Carbonate fills the soil pores and bonds soil particles, so that the soil strength is increased; meanwhile, the interface friction between the anchor body and the soil body is increased, and the bearing capacity of the fish anchor is further improved.|[0056] (7) In moving CO 2 Excess CO can be introduced through 2 flexible conduits 9 before discharging the platform 12 2 And (3) gas. Under the environment of water, CO 2 Reacts with carbonate to generate bicarbonate which can be dissolved in water, reduces the strength of soil body and interface friction, and is easy to pull out the anchor body.|[0057] Embodiment two:|[0058] according to the installation method of the fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration, firstly, the designs of the lower anchor rod 2, the upper anchor tube 3 and the anchor wings 5 are optimized based on the bionics principle and the principle that the gravity center is lower than the centroid, and the width of the anchor wings 3 is as shown in the formula (1) (unit: m):|[0059] L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004|[0060] wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the anchor wing length dimension.|[0061] Center of gravity G z And centroid O z The calculations are as in formulas (2) and (3) (unit: m):|[0062] |[0063] |[0064] wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length dimension of the lower anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un Is as followsVolume size of the portion anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|[0065] (2) The lower anchor rod 2 and the upper anchor tube 3 are assembled and then connected with the working anchor tube chain 7, and 2 flexible guide tubes 9 are distributed inside the working anchor tube chain 7.|[0066] (3) The torpedo anchor is lowered to the sea bed for 80m, and the working anchor tube chain 7 is suspended at one side of the anchor. The installation anchor chain is released, and the torpedo anchor towing work anchor pipe chain 7 penetrates to the designed depth of the seabed in the free falling process.|[0067] (4) After the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain 7 and CO 2 The discharge platform 12 is connected and interfaces with the flexible conduit 9.|[0068] (5) CO with a certain pressure 2 The gas is delivered into the upper anchor tube 3 through 2 flexible conduits 9 in the anchor tube chain 7, then CO 2 The gas is diffused into the soil around the anchor body through the side wall exhaust hole 4 under the pressure effect, and CO 2 And forming a carbon dioxide hydrate with the water in the soil body for sealing.|[0069] (6) In moving CO 2 The anchor may be pulled directly out of the platform 12 when it is being discharged.|[0070] Embodiment III:|[0071] according to the installation method of the fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration, firstly, the designs of the lower anchor rod 2, the upper anchor tube 3 and the anchor wings 5 are optimized based on the bionics principle and the principle that the gravity center is lower than the centroid, and the width of the anchor wings 3 is as shown in the formula (1) (unit: m):|[0072] L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004|[0073] wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the anchor wing length dimension.|[0074] Center of gravity G z And centroid O z The calculations are as in formulas (2) and (3) (unit: m):|[0075] |[0076] |[0077] wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length dimension of the lower anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un For the volume size of the lower anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|[0078] (2) The lower anchor rod 2 and the upper anchor tube 3 are assembled and then connected with the working anchor tube chain 7, and 4 flexible guide tubes 9 are distributed inside the working anchor tube chain 7.|[0079] (3) The torpedo anchor is lowered to the sea bed for 80m, and the working anchor tube chain 7 is suspended at one side of the anchor. The installation anchor chain is released, and the torpedo anchor towing work anchor pipe chain 7 penetrates to the designed depth of the seabed in the free falling process.|[0080] (4) After the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain 7 and CO 2 The discharge platform 12 is connected and interfaces with the flexible conduit 9.|[0081] (5) CO with a certain pressure 2 The gas is delivered into the upper anchor tube 3 through 2 flexible conduits 9 in the anchor tube chain 7, then CO 2 The gas is diffused into the soil around the anchor body through the side wall exhaust hole 4 under the pressure effect, and CO 2 And forming a carbon dioxide hydrate with the water in the soil body for sealing.|[0082] (6) CO after transmission 2 The gas is passed through another 2 flexible conduits 9 to carry Ca (OH) 2 And Mg (OH) 2 The alkaline solution is hydraulically sent into the upper anchor pipe 3, and the alkaline solution continuously enters the soil body through the side wall exhaust holes 4 under the pressure. CO 2 With Ca (OH) 2 And Mg (OH) 2 The reaction produces carbonate precipitate. Carbonate fills the soil pores and bonds soil particles, so that the soil strength is increased; meanwhile, the interface friction between the anchor body and the soil body is increased, and the bearing capacity of the fish anchor is further improved.|[0083] (7) In moving CO 2 When the discharge platform 12 and the fish anchor are reused, excess CO can be introduced through 4 flexible conduits 9 2 And (3) gas. Under the environment of water, CO 2 Reacts with carbonate to generate bicarbonate which can be dissolved in water, reduces the strength of soil body and interface friction, and is easy to pull out the anchor body. | (CN114954785)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea anchoring, and relates to a torpedo anchor based on marine carbon sequestration and an installation method thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] With the rapid development of world economy, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) The discharge amount is gradually increased, and the living environment of human beings is endangered continuously. IPCC sixth evaluation report "climate change 2021: the natural science foundation states that: since 1850-1900, the global surface average temperature has increased by about 1 ℃ due to excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. CO 2 As a major component of greenhouse gases, excessive emissions can have serious consequences such as global warming, glacier melting, elevation of sea level, rainfall reduction, and species extinction. Thus, control of CO in the atmosphere 2 Concentration has become an urgent issue for all humans. China has coastline of 1.8 ten thousand kilometers, and the area of the jurisdictional sea area is about 300 ten thousand square kilometers, which is rich in energy and strong in ecological regulation capability. Thus, the ocean has a significant effect on reducing carbon emissions and carbon sequestration.|[0003] The existing ocean carbon sequestration technology mainly focuses on carbon dioxide hydrate sequestration, and in seawater at high pressure and low temperature, water molecules are relocated to form a cage shape to capture CO 2 Gas, CO formation 2 A hydrate. Liquid CO 2 The density is greater than that of seawater, and the seawater is deposited on the low-lying area of the seabed under the action of gravity to form a stable carbon lake. The mineralization and sealing operation in deep sea has high difficulty and high cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a marine carbon mineralization technology that is simple to operate and economical and efficient.|[0004] The fish anchor is a deep sea anchoring foundation and is mainly used for anchoring a deep sea floating platform. It has advantages of simple installation and low cost. At present, torpedo anchors are mainly used for cohesive soil, and less used for sandy soil or calcareous sand. Because the bearing capacity in sand or calcareous sand is lower due to the restriction of installation depth, friction between the anchor body and the soil body interface, fragility of calcareous sand particles and other factors. The fish anchor is connected to the upper floating platform by a mooring line or cable. The existing invention patent for improving the fish anchor has the defects of increasing the contact area between the anchor body and the soil body and the installation depth of the anchor body, and increasing the bearing capacity by improving the strength of the soil body. Thus, based on CO 2 A torpedo anchor taking marine carbon sequestration into consideration and an installation method thereof are developed based on a mineralized soil body principle.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] In order to solve the problem of marine carbon sequestration and further improve the bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor. The invention provides a torpedo anchor with high bearing capacity based on marine carbon sequestration and an installation method thereof.|[0006] The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:|[0007] a torpedo anchor based on marine carbon sequestration comprises an anchor point, a lower anchor rod, an upper anchor tube, round holes, anchor wings, anchor plate eyes, a working anchor tube chain, anchor tube joints, flexible guide tubes, anchor tube holes and anchor chain connecting rings;|[0008] the anchor point, the lower anchor rod and the upper anchor pipe are connected in sequence; the working anchor pipe chain consists of at least 2 anchor pipe joints and flexible pipes; anchor chain connecting rings are arranged at two ends of the anchor pipe sections, and the anchor pipe sections are connected through the anchor chain connecting rings. The flexible conduit is built into the anchor tube segment. Before the fish-mine anchor is installed, the working anchor pipe chain can be suspended at one side of the anchor or lowered to a certain position like a traditional flexible anchor chain, and the installation of the fish-mine anchor is not affected.|[0009] The upper anchor pipe is a hollow steel pipe, and round holes are distributed on the side wall in a quincuncial shape. The lower anchor rod is filled with waste asphalt concrete blocks, waste steel fittings and waste metal to increase the weight so as to lead the gravity center G of the torpedo anchor z Below centroid O z Falls vertically in water. The lengths of the upper anchor pipe and the lower anchor rod are also according to the gravity center G of the torpedo anchor z Below centroid O z And (5) designing. The even anchor wings are vertically and equidistantly arranged at the tail end of the upper anchor pipe, the arc shape of the lower edge of each anchor wing is designed according to the shape of the head of the sisal fish, and the included angle between the gradient of any two points on the arc and the horizontal direction is larger than 45 degrees.|[0010] The upper top surface of upper portion anchor pipe be equipped with anchor tube hole, anchor plate eye vertical fixation is above upper top surface, links to each other with the anchor chain go-between of anchor tube festival. One end of the flexible conduit is connected with the anchor tube hole.|[0011] The anchor pipe joint is a steel thin pipe with the wall thickness of 0.01 m-0.02 m. The number of the flexible conduits is 2-4, the flexible conduits are steel wire hoses of PA, PE or PVC, and the wall thickness is 0.005-0.015 m.|[0012] The thickness of the anchor wing is 0.1-0.2 m, and the length L f 1/3 of the length L of the upper anchor tube f A unit of formula 1: m:|[0013] L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004 (1)|[0014] wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the anchor wing length dimension.|[0015] The upper anchor pipe is a hollow steel pipe, the pipe wall thickness is 0.015-0.030 m, the diameter is 0.7-1.5 m, round holes are distributed in a quincuncial shape on the side wall, and the distance between the round holes is larger than 1.5 times of the aperture.|[0016] The lower anchor rod is filled with waste concrete blocks and waste steel to increase the weight so as to lead the gravity center G of the torpedo anchor z Below centroid O z Falls vertically in water, the units are calculated according to the following formulas 2 and 3: m.|[0017] |[0018] |[0019] Wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length of the upper anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un For the volume size of the lower anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|[0020] CO 2 The gas is input into the upper anchor pipe through the flexible guide pipe, and is diffused into the soil body through the circular holes of the side wall under the action of pressure. CO 2 Can form carbon dioxide hydrate with water in soil body.|[0021] CO is introduced into 2 The gas can be combined with CaOH 2 And MgOH 2 Reaction to generate carbonate precipitate, thereby realizing CO 2 Sealing and storing. The generated carbonate increases the soil strength in a mode of filling soil pores and cemented soil particles, and improves the bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor.|[0022] A method for installing a fish anchor based on marine carbon sequestration comprises the following steps:|[0023] the first step: and on the installation ship, assembling the upper anchor pipe and the lower anchor rod which are transported in a split-charging way, and completing the assembly of the anchor body. And connecting the installation anchor chain and the working anchor pipe chain.|[0024] And a second step of: and lowering the anchor body and the working anchor pipe chain to a preset falling height. And releasing the installation anchor chain, and enabling the anchor body to penetrate into soil body to a preset depth only by virtue of self gravity.|[0025] And a third step of: after the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain and CO 2 The discharge platform is connected, and the flexible conduit is connected with CO 2 The exhaust or drain pipes of the discharge platform are in butt joint.|[0026] Fourth step: first, CO with a certain pressure is added 2 The gas is delivered to the upper anchor tube through 1-2 flexible conduits in the working anchor tube chain. Then under the action of the pressure, the pressure is applied to the cylinder,CO 2 and the carbon dioxide hydrate is formed with the water in the soil to be sealed and stored.|[0027] Fifth step: if only carbon sealing is carried out, 1-4 flexible guide pipes in the working anchor pipe chain can be used for conveying CO 2 . The fish-mine anchor can anchor CO 2 An emission platform for transporting CO 2 And the carbon is sealed, so that the cost is saved.|[0028] Sixth step: CO 2 After the gas is transported, alkaline solution is hydraulically delivered into the upper anchor pipe through another 1-2 flexible conduits, and the alkaline solution continuously enters the soil body through the circular holes on the side wall under the action of pressure. CO 2 With CaOH 2 And MgOH 2 The reaction produces carbonate precipitate.|[0029] Seventh step: when CO is at the upper part 2 When the discharge platform needs to be moved and the fish anchor is repeatedly utilized, excessive CO can be introduced 2 Gas, CO 2 The gas reacts with water and carbonate to generate bicarbonate dissolved in water, so that the strength of soil body and interface friction are reduced, and the anchor body is easy to pull out.|[0030] The invention has the advantages that:|[0031] the anchor pipe chain adopts flexible connection, the embedded exhaust pipe can be installed in the seabed together with the anchor body, and the traditional torpedo anchor has only an anchoring function. The invention has simple operation, saves the operation cost of punching, pipe burying and the like, and is more suitable for deep sea operation. The working anchor pipe chain can connect the fish anchor and CO 2 An emission platform for transporting CO 2 And an alkaline solution. CO 2 Can form carbon dioxide hydrate with water in soil body to realize CO 2 The hydrate can be stored in a sealed state, and can also be mixed with Ca (OH) 2 And Mg (OH) 2 Generating carbonate precipitate by reaction to reach CO 2 Mineralizing and sealing. The fish-mine anchor can anchor CO 2 An emission platform for transporting CO 2 Gas, CO reduction 2 Cost of sealing. The generated carbonate fills the soil pores and cement soil particles, so that the soil strength is increased; and the interface friction between the anchor body and the soil body is increased, so that the bearing capacity of the fish anchor is improved. In sand or calcareous sand CO 2 Mineralized soilThe body effect is obvious, so that the applicable soil range of the torpedo anchor is enlarged.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0032] FIG. 1 is a front view of a marine carbon sequestration fish mine anchor of the present invention;|[0033] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a marine carbon sequestration fish mine anchor of the present invention;|[0034] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the marine carbon sequestration fish mine anchor of the present invention;|[0035] FIG. 4 is a top view of a marine carbon sequestration fish mine anchor of the present invention;|[0036] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the anchor tube chain of the present invention;|[0037] FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of an anchor tube chain of the present invention;|[0038] FIG. 7 is a top view of the anchor tube chain of the present invention;|[0039] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the marine carbon sequestration torpedo anchor of the present invention.|[0040] In the figure: 1-anchor points; 2-lower anchor rod; 3-upper anchor tube; 4-round holes; 5-anchor wings; 6-anchor plate eyes; 7-working anchor tube chains; 8-anchor pipe sections; 9-a flexible catheter; 10-anchor tube holes; 11-anchor chain connecting rings; 12-CO 2 And (5) discharging the platform.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0041] The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions:|[0042] a torpedo anchor based on marine carbon sequestration comprises an anchor point 1, a lower anchor rod 2, an upper anchor tube 3, an exhaust hole 4, an anchor wing 5 and an anchor plate eye 6: the lower anchor rod 2 is assembled with the upper anchor pipe 3, and the lower anchor rod 2 is filled with construction waste added with a counterweight; the upper anchor pipe 3 is connected with 4 arc-shaped anchor wings 5 with 90-degree intervals, and a plurality of exhaust holes 4 are distributed on the side wall in a quincuncial shape, as shown in figures 1-4. The working anchor pipe chain 7 consists of a plurality of anchor pipe joints 8 and 1-4 flexible pipes 9 which are arranged in the anchor pipe joints, as shown in figures 5-7.|[0043] Embodiment one:|[0044] according to the installation method of the fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration, firstly, the designs of the lower anchor rod 2, the upper anchor tube 3 and the anchor wings 5 are optimized based on the bionics principle and the principle that the gravity center is lower than the centroid, and the widths of the anchor wings 5 are as shown in the formula (1) (unit: m):|[0045] L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004|[0046] wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the anchor wing length dimension.|[0047] Center of gravity G z And centroid O z The calculations are as in formulas (2) and (3) (unit: m):|[0048] |[0049] |[0050] wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length dimension of the lower anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un For the volume size of the lower anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|[0051] (2) The lower anchor rod 2 and the upper anchor tube 3 are assembled and then connected with the working anchor tube chain 7, and 2 flexible guide tubes 9 are distributed inside the working anchor tube chain 7.|[0052] (3) The torpedo anchor was lowered onto the seabed for 50m and the working anchor line 7 was suspended on one side of the anchor. The installation anchor chain is released, and the torpedo anchor towing work anchor pipe chain 7 penetrates to the designed depth of the seabed in the free falling process.|[0053] (4) After the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain 7 and CO 2 The discharge platform 12 is connected and interfaces with the flexible conduit 9.|[0054] (5) CO with a certain pressure 2 The gas is delivered into the upper anchor tube 3 through 1 flexible conduit 9 in the anchor tube chain 7, and then CO 2 The gas is diffused into the soil around the anchor body through the side wall exhaust hole 4 under the pressure effect, and CO 2 And forming a carbon dioxide hydrate with the water in the soil body for sealing.|[0055] (6) CO after transmission 2 Gas, againCa (OH) is introduced through another 1 flexible catheter 9 2 And Mg (OH) 2 The alkaline solution is hydraulically sent into the upper anchor pipe 3, and the alkaline solution continuously enters the soil body through the side wall exhaust holes 4 under the pressure. CO 2 With Ca (OH) 2 And Mg (OH) 2 The reaction produces carbonate precipitate. Carbonate fills the soil pores and bonds soil particles, so that the soil strength is increased; meanwhile, the interface friction between the anchor body and the soil body is increased, and the bearing capacity of the fish anchor is further improved.|[0056] (7) In moving CO 2 Excess CO can be introduced through 2 flexible conduits 9 before discharging the platform 12 2 And (3) gas. Under the environment of water, CO 2 Reacts with carbonate to generate bicarbonate which can be dissolved in water, reduces the strength of soil body and interface friction, and is easy to pull out the anchor body.|[0057] Embodiment two:|[0058] according to the installation method of the fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration, firstly, the designs of the lower anchor rod 2, the upper anchor tube 3 and the anchor wings 5 are optimized based on the bionics principle and the principle that the gravity center is lower than the centroid, and the width of the anchor wings 3 is as shown in the formula (1) (unit: m):|[0059] L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004|[0060] wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the anchor wing length dimension.|[0061] Center of gravity G z And centroid O z The calculations are as in formulas (2) and (3) (unit: m):|[0062] |[0063] |[0064] wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length dimension of the lower anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un Is as followsVolume size of the portion anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|[0065] (2) The lower anchor rod 2 and the upper anchor tube 3 are assembled and then connected with the working anchor tube chain 7, and 2 flexible guide tubes 9 are distributed inside the working anchor tube chain 7.|[0066] (3) The torpedo anchor is lowered to the sea bed for 80m, and the working anchor tube chain 7 is suspended at one side of the anchor. The installation anchor chain is released, and the torpedo anchor towing work anchor pipe chain 7 penetrates to the designed depth of the seabed in the free falling process.|[0067] (4) After the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain 7 and CO 2 The discharge platform 12 is connected and interfaces with the flexible conduit 9.|[0068] (5) CO with a certain pressure 2 The gas is delivered into the upper anchor tube 3 through 2 flexible conduits 9 in the anchor tube chain 7, then CO 2 The gas is diffused into the soil around the anchor body through the side wall exhaust hole 4 under the pressure effect, and CO 2 And forming a carbon dioxide hydrate with the water in the soil body for sealing.|[0069] (6) In moving CO 2 The anchor may be pulled directly out of the platform 12 when it is being discharged.|[0070] Embodiment III:|[0071] according to the installation method of the fish mine anchor based on marine carbon sequestration, firstly, the designs of the lower anchor rod 2, the upper anchor tube 3 and the anchor wings 5 are optimized based on the bionics principle and the principle that the gravity center is lower than the centroid, and the width of the anchor wings 3 is as shown in the formula (1) (unit: m):|[0072] L f =8.345w 3 -9.248w 2 +4.831w+0.004|[0073] wherein w is the width dimension of the anchor wing, L f Is the anchor wing length dimension.|[0074] Center of gravity G z And centroid O z The calculations are as in formulas (2) and (3) (unit: m):|[0075] |[0076] |[0077] wherein L is f For the length dimension of the anchor wing, L up For the length of the upper anchor tube, L un For the length dimension of the lower anchor tube, L tip For the length dimension of the upper anchor tube, V fin For the volume dimension of the anchor wing, V up For the volume size of the upper anchor tube, V un For the volume size of the lower anchor tube, V tip For the volume size of the anchor point ρ fill For the density of filling ρ wall Is the density of the steel.|[0078] (2) The lower anchor rod 2 and the upper anchor tube 3 are assembled and then connected with the working anchor tube chain 7, and 4 flexible guide tubes 9 are distributed inside the working anchor tube chain 7.|[0079] (3) The torpedo anchor is lowered to the sea bed for 80m, and the working anchor tube chain 7 is suspended at one side of the anchor. The installation anchor chain is released, and the torpedo anchor towing work anchor pipe chain 7 penetrates to the designed depth of the seabed in the free falling process.|[0080] (4) After the anchor body is penetrated into the sea bed, the working anchor pipe chain 7 and CO 2 The discharge platform 12 is connected and interfaces with the flexible conduit 9.|[0081] (5) CO with a certain pressure 2 The gas is delivered into the upper anchor tube 3 through 2 flexible conduits 9 in the anchor tube chain 7, then CO 2 The gas is diffused into the soil around the anchor body through the side wall exhaust hole 4 under the pressure effect, and CO 2 And forming a carbon dioxide hydrate with the water in the soil body for sealing.|[0082] (6) CO after transmission 2 The gas is passed through another 2 flexible conduits 9 to carry Ca (OH) 2 And Mg (OH) 2 The alkaline solution is hydraulically sent into the upper anchor pipe 3, and the alkaline solution continuously enters the soil body through the side wall exhaust holes 4 under the pressure. CO 2 With Ca (OH) 2 And Mg (OH) 2 The reaction produces carbonate precipitate. Carbonate fills the soil pores and bonds soil particles, so that the soil strength is increased; meanwhile, the interface friction between the anchor body and the soil body is increased, and the bearing capacity of the fish anchor is further improved.|[0083] (7) In moving CO 2 When the discharge platform 12 and the fish anchor are reused, excess CO can be introduced through 4 flexible conduits 9 2 And (3) gas. Under the environment of water, CO 2 Reacts with carbonate to generate bicarbonate which can be dissolved in water, reduces the strength of soil body and interface friction, and is easy to pull out the anchor body. | Family Number|(101515212)|101515212|Abstract|(CN114954785B B)|The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea anchoring , and relates to a torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration and a mounting method thereof . The torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration comprises an anchor tip , a lower anchor rod , an upper anchor pipe , a round hole , an anchor wing , an anchor plate hole , a working anchor pipe chain , a flexible guide pipe , an anchor pipe joint , an anchor pipe hole , an anchor chain connecting ring and a carbon dioxide emission platform . Carbon dioxide and an alkaline solution are used for mineralizing soil around the torpedo anchor , carbon dioxide storage is achieved , the bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor is improved , and the soil application range is widened . The method is easy to operate , saves the operation cost of punching , pipe burying and the like , and is more suitable for deep sea operation . The working anchor pipe chain can be connected with the torpedo anchor and a CO2 emission platform and can also be used for conveying CO2 and an alkaline solution . CO2 can form a carbon dioxide hydrate with water in the soil body , so that the storage of the CO2 hydrate is realized , and the CO2 can also react with Ca ( OH ) 2 and Mg ( OH ) 2 to generate carbonate precipitates , so that the mineralization storage of CO2 is realized . |Title|(CN114954785B B)|Torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration and installation method thereof |(CN114954785 A)|Torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration and mounting method thereof | | Environmental technology|Transport | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/14/93|B01D-053/77|B01D-2252/1035|B63B-021/20|B63B-021/26|Y02A-040/81 | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/14/93|B01D-053/77|B01D-2252/1035|B63B-021/20|B63B-021/26|Y02A-040/81 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/77|B63B-021/20|B63B-021/26 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/77|B63B-021/20|B63B-021/26 | CN116356836|WO2024137823|CN116654173|US12459868|US12122722|US12091361 | CN116356836 105578759 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|WO2024137823 110175385 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN116654173 106283861 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US12459868 110175385 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US12122722 110175385 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US12091361 105401167 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | CN113958365|CN112092979|US20080141922 | CN113958365 98330032 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN112092979 91953240 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20080141922 44161260 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 王呈;陈晓辉;喻国良;: "鱼雷锚在钙质砂床中的贯入深度研究", 浙江大学学报(理学版) (Cat. A)|鱼雷锚在钙质砂床中的贯入深度研究;王呈;陈晓辉;喻国良;;浙江大学学报(理学版)(第02期);126-133 (Cat. A) | CN112092979; CN113958365; US20080141922 | GRANTED | (CN114954785)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN114954785)|ALIVE | (CN114954785)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN114954785|Actual or expected expiration date=2042-05-19|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2022-05-19|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202210555007|Application date=2022-05-19|Standardized application number=2022CN-0555007|Event publication date=2022-08-30|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN114954785|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2022-08-30|Standardized publication number=CN114954785|Event publication date=2022-08-30|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2022-09-16|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2023-05-16|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN114954785|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2023-05-16|Standardized publication number=CN114954785B|Event publication date=2023-05-16|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN114954785)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSm+96iBVNyCBj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000067823222&ekey=2228&xpn=CN114954785B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=grRhXN0uI1WpZmoOxbguHrmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN114954785)|CN|(CN114954785)|CN | (CN114954785)|NAME=HENAN UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN|(CN114954785)|NAME=HENAN UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN114954785)|NAME=GENG HAO;BEIJING JINGHUA ZHILIAN PATENT OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=11991|(CN114954785)|NAME=GENG HAO;BEIJING JINGHUA ZHILIAN PATENT OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=11991 | (CN114954785)|NAME=Yu Lu|NAME=Zhang Jianwei|NAME=Yang Qing|(CN114954785)|NAME=YU LU|NAME=ZHANG JIANWEI|NAME=YANG QING | Titre: (CN114954785)|Torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration and installation method thereof Résumé: (CN114954785)|The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea anchoring, and relates to a torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration and a mounting method thereof. The torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration comprises an anchor tip, a lower anchor rod, an upper anchor pipe, a round hole, an anchor wing, an anchor plate hole, a working anchor pipe chain, a flexible guide pipe, an anchor pipe joint, an anchor pipe hole, an anchor chain connecting ring and a carbon dioxide emission platform. Carbon dioxide and an alkaline solution are used for mineralizing soil around the torpedo anchor, carbon dioxide storage is achieved, the bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor is improved, and the soil application range is widened. The method is easy to operate, saves the operation cost of punching, pipe burying and the like, and is more suitable for deep sea operation. The working anchor pipe chain can be connected with the torpedo anchor and a CO2 emission platform and can also be used for conveying CO2 and an alkaline solution. CO2 can form a carbon dioxide hydrate with water in the soil body, so that the storage of the CO2 hydrate is realized, and the CO2 can also react with Ca (OH) 2 and Mg (OH) 2 to generate carbonate precipitates, so that the mineralization storage of CO2 is realized. | 48.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a torpedo anchor for carbon sequestration and does not mention ocean fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 3.0 | 4.0 | (CN114954785)|1 | (CN114954785)|8 | (CN114954785)|9|(CN114954785)|9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN114954785)|8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN114954785)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-05-16|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-2001|Number of Pages: NPAGES=14|Primary examiner: 韩秋方|Primary examiner: Han Qiufang||(CN114954785)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2022-08-30|Gazette number: GAZNUM=38-3501|Number of Pages: NPAGES=14|Primary examiner: 韩秋方|Primary examiner: Han Qiufang| | (CN114954785)|Previous publication: CN114954785 A 2022-08-30 [CN114954785] | (CN114954785)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN114954785B)|Patent|(CN114954785)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||
| 57 | AU2007352235|AU2007902217|WOAU2007/000872 | WOAU2007/000872|IN6784/DELNP/2009|EP07719111|US12/597,700|AU2007352235|CN200780053200 | EP2141980|US8753863|EP2141980|AU2007352235|US20100210005|IN6784/DELNP/2009|CN101742902|EP2141980|AU2007352235|WO2008/131472 | 1834208 | WO2008/131472 A1 2008-11-06 [WO2008131472]|IN6784/DELNP/2009 A 2010-06-18 [IN2009DN06784]|EP2141980 B1 2016-03-23 [EP2141980]|EP2141980 A4 2013-08-14 [EP2141980]|EP2141980 A1 2010-01-13 [EP2141980]|US8753863 B2 2014-06-17 [US8753863]|US20100210005 A1 2010-08-19 [US20100210005]|AU2007352235 B2 2012-10-04 [AU2007352235]|AU2007352235 A1 2008-11-06 [AU2007352235]|CN101742902 A 2010-06-16 [CN101742902] | 2007-04-27|2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22|2009-10-22|2007-06-22|2007-06-22|2007-06-22|2007-06-22 | 2016-03-23|2014-06-17|2013-08-14|2012-10-04|2010-08-19|2010-06-18|2010-06-16|2010-01-13|2008-11-06|2008-11-06 | (EP2141980)|2016-03-23|(US8753863)|2014-06-17|||(AU2007352235)|2012-10-04| | (EP2141980)|2027-06-22|(US8753863)|2030-09-06|(WO2008/131472)|2010-10-27|(CN101742902)|2015-11-04|(AU2007352235)|2027-06-22|(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|2020-06-18 | (EP2141980)|Carbon dioxide sequestration using a floating vessel | (EP2141980)|Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of the ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea. The method can be used for producing carbon cells. | OCEAN NOURISHMENT | (EP2141980)|Ocean Nourishment Corporation Pty Limited ([AU])|(EP2141980)|Ocean Nourishment Corporation Pty Limited ([AU])|(EP2141980)|Ocean Nourishment Corporation Pty Limited ([AU])|(US8753863)|Ocean Nourishment Corporation Pty Limited ([AU])|(US20100210005)|FERGUSON JONES IAN STANLEY|RODGERS WILLIAM|WHEEN ROBERT JOHN|JUDD BRUCE JOSEPH|(WO2008/131472)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT CORPORATION PTY LIMITED ([AU])|(CN101742902)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT CORP. PTY LTD ([AU])|(AU2007352235)|Ocean Nourishment Corporation Pty Limited|(AU2007352235)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT CORPORATION PTY LIMITED|(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT CORPORATION PTY LIMITED ([AU]) | JONES IAN STANLEY FERGUSON|RODGERS WILLIAM|WHEEN ROBERT JOHN|JUDD BRUCE JOSEPH | (EP2141980)|JONES, Ian, Stanley, Ferguson|RODGERS, William|WHEEN, Robert, John|JUDD, Bruce, Joseph|(EP2141980)|JONES, Ian, Stanley, Ferguson|RODGERS, William|WHEEN, Robert, John|JUDD, Bruce, Joseph|(EP2141980)|JONES, Ian, Stanley, Ferguson|RODGERS, William|WHEEN, Robert, John|JUDD, Bruce, Joseph | (EP2141980)|Kolster Oy Ab;Iso Roobertinkatu 23 ([FI])|Reg. Nb: 101363959|(US8753863)|Fish & Richardson P.C.|(WO2008/131472)|GRIFFITH HACK ([AU])|(CN101742902)|WEI DONG;SHANGHAI PATENT & TRADEMARK LAW OFFICE, LLC|Reg. Nb: 31100|ZHANG JING;SHANGHAI PATENT & TRADEMARK LAW OFFICE, LLC|Reg. Nb: 31100|(AU2007352235)|Griffith Hack ([AU]) | (EP2141980)|Delivering a source of nitrogen (i.e. urea) from a floating vessel has a number of advantages over other methods of delivery, such as via a pipeline.|It has numerous advantages over many other nitrogen containing compounds, such as ammonia, in that it can be easily stored and transported, is not caustic and is pH neutral.|It will be appreciated that delivering a source of nitrogen (urea) from a floating vessel offers numerous advantages over the use of fixed pipelines to deliver the source of nitrogen.|Furthermore, as noted earlier, phytoplankton growth is limited in some 80% of the ocean by the lack of the macronutrient nitrogen.|In some embodiments, the amount of urea delivered to the region results in the concentration of urea in the region being between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L. Concentrations of less than about 0.1 µmole/L urea do not cause a significant growth in the number of phytoplankton, while concentrations above about 10 µmole/L urea can cause too much phytoplankton growth.|In some regions of the ocean, the conversion of carbon dioxide dissolved at the surface of the ocean to organic carbon is limited by the availability of specific nutrients. For example, phytoplankton growth is limited in some 80% of the ocean by the lack of the macronutrient nitrogen.| | (EP2141980)|1. A method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere comprising the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of an ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea, wherein the floating vessel is a boat or ship.| | (EP2141980)|In the first aspect, and in some embodiments of the second aspect, urea is delivered to the region from the floating vessel.| | (EP2141980)|METHANEDIONE(100,18)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,16)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(48,8)|MACRONUTRIENT NITROGEN(44,3)|METHANEDIONE CONVERSION(38,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(30,59)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE GRANULE(28,2)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(27,6)|MOLE L CARBONYLDIAMIDE(25,2)|PH NEUTRAL(21,1)|SEA(17,15)|FIXED PIPELINE(17,1)|CAUSTIC(16,1)|DELIVER SOURCE(16,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(13,10)|BOAT(13,3)|PHOTIC ZONE(12,32)|SHIP(12,14)|PIPELINE(11,5)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(11,3)|AMMONIA(11,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(11,1)|MOLE L(10,32)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(9,2)|SEAWATER PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(9,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON BACTERIAL DECAY(8,1)|OCEAN FISH BIOMASS(8,1)|DEEP OCEAN(7,5)|REGION RESULT(7,3)|LONGLASTING PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED NUMBER(6,11)|HELPFUL MACRONUTRIENT(6,1)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(6,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(5,6)|NITROGEN COMPOUND(5,5)|MICRONUTRIENT(5,4)|IMMEDIATE VICINITY(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(5,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|MARINE PROTEIN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY(5,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(5,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(5,1)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT(5,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(5,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC DETRITUS(5,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(4,6)|CHLOROPHYL(4,3)|SUPERPHOSPHATE(4,3)|AIR POCKET(4,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SOLUTION(4,2)|DANGEROUS CHEMICAL(4,2)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(4,1)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE DENSE SOLUTION(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SINK(4,1)|DOSED BOTTLE(4,1)|GRANULAR CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|LAND FACILITY(4,1)|OCEAN MIXING(4,1)|PORTABLE FLOATING VESSEL(4,1)|RELEASED CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(4,1)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(4,1)|SPHERICAL PILL(4,1)|MICROORGANISM(3,2)|SATELLITE(3,2)|SEABED(3,2)|TURBULENCE(3,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SEAWATER SOLUTION(3,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(3,1)|FERTILIZATION(3,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(3,1)|NITROGEN DISPERSION(3,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(3,1)|OCEAN LAYER(3,1)|PILL DENSITY(3,1)|AGRICULTURE(2,1)|AMMONIA SOLUTION(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(2,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(2,1)|DESERT(2,1)|DOCK(2,1)|FLUCTUATION(2,1)|GUIDELINE(2,1)||(EP2141980)|METHANEDIONE(100,18)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,16)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(48,8)|MACRONUTRIENT NITROGEN(44,3)|METHANEDIONE CONVERSION(38,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(30,59)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE GRANULE(28,2)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(27,6)|MOLE L CARBONYLDIAMIDE(25,2)|PH NEUTRAL(21,1)|SEA(17,15)|FIXED PIPELINE(17,1)|CAUSTIC(16,1)|DELIVER SOURCE(16,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(13,10)|BOAT(13,3)|PHOTIC ZONE(12,32)|SHIP(12,14)|PIPELINE(11,5)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(11,3)|AMMONIA(11,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(11,1)|MOLE L(10,32)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(9,2)|SEAWATER PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(9,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON BACTERIAL DECAY(8,1)|OCEAN FISH BIOMASS(8,1)|DEEP OCEAN(7,5)|REGION RESULT(7,3)|LONGLASTING PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED NUMBER(6,11)|HELPFUL MACRONUTRIENT(6,1)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(6,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(5,6)|NITROGEN COMPOUND(5,5)|MICRONUTRIENT(5,4)|IMMEDIATE VICINITY(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(5,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|MARINE PROTEIN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY(5,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(5,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(5,1)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT(5,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(5,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC DETRITUS(5,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(4,6)|CHLOROPHYL(4,3)|SUPERPHOSPHATE(4,3)|AIR POCKET(4,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SOLUTION(4,2)|DANGEROUS CHEMICAL(4,2)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(4,1)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE DENSE SOLUTION(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SINK(4,1)|DOSED BOTTLE(4,1)|GRANULAR CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|LAND FACILITY(4,1)|OCEAN MIXING(4,1)|PORTABLE FLOATING VESSEL(4,1)|RELEASED CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(4,1)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(4,1)|SPHERICAL PILL(4,1)|MICROORGANISM(3,2)|SATELLITE(3,2)|SEABED(3,2)|TURBULENCE(3,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SEAWATER SOLUTION(3,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(3,1)|FERTILIZATION(3,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(3,1)|NITROGEN DISPERSION(3,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(3,1)|OCEAN LAYER(3,1)|PILL DENSITY(3,1)|AGRICULTURE(2,1)|AMMONIA SOLUTION(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(2,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(2,1)|DESERT(2,1)|DOCK(2,1)|FLUCTUATION(2,1)|GUIDELINE(2,1)||(EP2141980)|METHANEDIONE(100,18)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,16)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(48,8)|MACRONUTRIENT NITROGEN(44,3)|METHANEDIONE CONVERSION(38,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(30,59)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE GRANULE(28,2)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(27,6)|MOLE L CARBONYLDIAMIDE(25,2)|PH NEUTRAL(21,1)|SEA(17,15)|FIXED PIPELINE(17,1)|CAUSTIC(16,1)|DELIVER SOURCE(16,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(13,10)|BOAT(13,3)|PHOTIC ZONE(12,32)|SHIP(12,14)|PIPELINE(11,5)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(11,3)|AMMONIA(11,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(11,1)|MOLE L(10,32)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(9,2)|SEAWATER PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(9,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON BACTERIAL DECAY(8,1)|OCEAN FISH BIOMASS(8,1)|DEEP OCEAN(7,5)|REGION RESULT(7,3)|LONGLASTING PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(7,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED NUMBER(6,11)|HELPFUL MACRONUTRIENT(6,1)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(6,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(5,6)|NITROGEN COMPOUND(5,5)|MICRONUTRIENT(5,4)|IMMEDIATE VICINITY(5,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(5,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|MARINE PROTEIN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY(5,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(5,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(5,1)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT(5,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(5,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC DETRITUS(5,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(4,6)|CHLOROPHYL(4,3)|SUPERPHOSPHATE(4,3)|AIR POCKET(4,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SOLUTION(4,2)|DANGEROUS CHEMICAL(4,2)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(4,1)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE DENSE SOLUTION(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SINK(4,1)|DOSED BOTTLE(4,1)|GRANULAR CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|LAND FACILITY(4,1)|OCEAN MIXING(4,1)|PORTABLE FLOATING VESSEL(4,1)|RELEASED CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(4,1)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(4,1)|SPHERICAL PILL(4,1)|MICROORGANISM(3,2)|SATELLITE(3,2)|SEABED(3,2)|TURBULENCE(3,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SEAWATER SOLUTION(3,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(3,1)|FERTILIZATION(3,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(3,1)|NITROGEN DISPERSION(3,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(3,1)|OCEAN LAYER(3,1)|PILL DENSITY(3,1)|AGRICULTURE(2,1)|AMMONIA SOLUTION(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(2,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(2,1)|DESERT(2,1)|DOCK(2,1)|FLUCTUATION(2,1)|GUIDELINE(2,1)||(US8753863)|METHANEDIONE(100,23)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,22)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(61,9)|MACRONUTRIENT NITROGEN(48,3)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(42,70)|METHANEDIONE CONVERSION(42,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(40,8)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE GRANULE(31,2)|BOAT(30,6)|PHOTIC ZONE(26,40)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(24,12)|PH NEUTRAL(24,1)|PRODUCING CARBON CREDIT(22,6)|SHIP(20,18)|SEA(19,14)|FIXED PIPELINE(19,1)|DANGEROUS CHEMICAL(18,3)|CAUSTIC(17,1)|DELIVER SOURCE(17,1)|REMOVING CO2(16,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED NUMBER(15,15)|AMMONIA(15,8)|PIPELINE(13,4)|CARBON PRODUCTION CELL(13,1)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(12,3)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON BACTERIAL DECAY(12,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(12,1)|SATELLITE(10,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(10,2)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(10,2)|SEAWATER PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(10,1)|DEEP OCEAN(8,5)|DYE(8,2)|OCEAN FISH BIOMASS(8,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(8,1)|HELPFUL MACRONUTRIENT(7,1)|INCREASED NUMBER(6,15)|NITROGEN COMPOUND(6,5)|OCEAN CURRENT(6,5)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SOLUTION(6,3)|IMMEDIATE VICINITY(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(6,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(6,1)|MARINE PROTEIN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY(6,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(6,1)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT(6,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(6,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC DETRITUS(6,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(5,6)|MICRONUTRIENT(5,4)|AIR POCKET(5,2)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(5,1)|DOSED BOTTLE(5,1)|GRANULAR CARBONYLDIAMIDE(5,1)|LAND FACILITY(5,1)|PORTABLE FLOATING VESSEL(5,1)|SPHERICAL PILL(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL(4,3)|REGION RESULT(4,3)|SUPERPHOSPHATE(4,3)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE DENSE SOLUTION(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SINK(4,1)|GASEOUS AMMONIA(4,1)|OCEAN MIXING(4,1)|RELEASED CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,1)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(4,1)|MOLE L CARBONYLDIAMIDE(3,2)|SEABED(3,2)|TURBULENCE(3,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SEAWATER SOLUTION(3,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(3,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(3,1)|NITROGEN DISPERSION(3,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(3,1)|OCEAN LAYER(3,1)|PHOTIC LAYER(3,1)|PILL DENSITY(3,1)|AGRICULTURE(2,1)|AMMONIA SOLUTION(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|BUBBLING(2,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(2,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(2,1)|DESERT(2,1)|DOCK(2,1)|FLUCTUATION(2,1)|GUIDELINE(2,1)|INCREASED PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,1)||(US20100210005)|METHANEDIONE(100,23)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,21)|PRODUCING CARBON CREDIT(100,6)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|REMOVING CO2(100,1)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(73,9)|MACRONUTRIENT NITROGEN(52,3)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(46,70)|METHANEDIONE CONVERSION(45,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(43,8)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE GRANULE(33,2)|PHOTIC ZONE(29,40)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(28,12)|PH NEUTRAL(25,1)|FIXED PIPELINE(21,1)|SEA(20,14)|DANGEROUS CHEMICAL(19,3)|CAUSTIC(19,1)|DELIVER SOURCE(19,1)|BOAT(17,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED NUMBER(16,15)|AMMONIA(16,8)|PIPELINE(14,4)|CARBON PRODUCTION CELL(14,1)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(13,3)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON BACTERIAL DECAY(13,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(13,1)|SHIP(12,16)|SATELLITE(11,3)|SEAWATER PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(11,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(10,2)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(10,2)|DEEP OCEAN(9,5)|OCEAN FISH BIOMASS(9,1)|DYE(8,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(8,1)|INCREASED NUMBER(7,15)|HELPFUL MACRONUTRIENT(7,1)|NITROGEN COMPOUND(6,5)|OCEAN CURRENT(6,5)|MICRONUTRIENT(6,4)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SOLUTION(6,3)|IMMEDIATE VICINITY(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(6,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(6,1)|MARINE PROTEIN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY(6,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(6,1)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT(6,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(6,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC DETRITUS(6,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(5,6)|AIR POCKET(5,2)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(5,1)|DOSED BOTTLE(5,1)|GRANULAR CARBONYLDIAMIDE(5,1)|LAND FACILITY(5,1)|PORTABLE FLOATING VESSEL(5,1)|SPHERICAL PILL(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL(4,3)|REGION RESULT(4,3)|SUPERPHOSPHATE(4,3)|MOLE L CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,2)|SEABED(4,2)|TURBULENCE(4,2)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE DENSE SOLUTION(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SINK(4,1)|GASEOUS AMMONIA(4,1)|OCEAN MIXING(4,1)|RELEASED CARBONYLDIAMIDE(4,1)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SEAWATER SOLUTION(3,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(3,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(3,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(3,1)|NITROGEN DISPERSION(3,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(3,1)|OCEAN LAYER(3,1)|PHOTIC LAYER(3,1)|PILL DENSITY(3,1)|AGRICULTURE(2,1)|AMMONIA SOLUTION(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(2,1)|BUBBLING(2,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(2,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(2,1)|DESERT(2,1)|DOCK(2,1)|FLUCTUATION(2,1)|GUIDELINE(2,1)|INCREASED PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,1)||(WO2008/131472)|METHANEDIONE(100,17)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,16)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(90,6)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE GRANULE(57,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(53,58)|PHOTIC ZONE(42,38)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(30,8)|BOAT(30,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED NUMBER(29,14)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(23,3)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON BACTERIAL DECAY(23,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(23,1)|SHIP(22,16)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(20,4)|SATELLITE(20,3)|SEAWATER PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(20,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(18,2)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(18,2)|PRODUCING CARBON CREDIT(17,2)|OCEAN FISH BIOMASS(16,1)|DEEP OCEAN(15,5)|DYE(15,2)|2007 000872 17(15,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(15,1)|HELPFUL MACRONUTRIENT(13,1)|INCREASED NUMBER(12,15)|MOLE L(11,28)|OCEAN CURRENT(11,5)|IMMEDIATE VICINITY(11,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(11,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(11,1)|MARINE PROTEIN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY(11,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(11,1)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT(11,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(11,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC DETRITUS(11,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(10,4)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(10,1)|DOSED BOTTLE(10,1)|GRANULAR CARBONYLDIAMIDE(10,1)|LAND FACILITY(10,1)|PORTABLE FLOATING VESSEL(10,1)|SPHERICAL PILL(10,1)|T AU(10,1)|AIR POCKET(9,2)|DANGEROUS CHEMICAL(9,2)|SUPERPHOSPHATE(8,3)|REGION RESULT(8,2)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(8,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE DENSE SOLUTION(8,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SINK(8,1)|GASEOUS AMMONIA(8,1)|OCEAN MIXING(8,1)|RELEASED CARBONYLDIAMIDE(8,1)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(8,1)|PIPELINE(7,3)|SEABED(7,2)|TURBULENCE(7,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SEAWATER SOLUTION(6,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SOLUTION(6,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(6,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(6,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(6,1)|NITROGEN DISPERSION(6,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(6,1)|OCEAN LAYER(6,1)|PHOTIC LAYER(6,1)|PILL DENSITY(6,1)|AGRICULTURE(5,1)|AMMONIA SOLUTION(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(5,1)|BUBBLING(5,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(5,1)|CHLOROPHYL(5,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(5,1)|DOCK(5,1)|FLUCTUATION(5,1)|GUIDELINE(5,1)|INCREASED PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|INJECTION SOLUTION(5,1)||(CN101742902)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,13)|CARBON CAPTURE(100,2)|INSIGNIFICANT PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(94,1)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(87,7)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(80,8)|MACRONUTRIENT(71,6)|BUOYANT VESSEL(66,1)|FLOTATION VESSEL(57,5)|UREA(56,63)|MACRONUTRIENT NITROGEN(46,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(45,21)|SEA(40,18)|PHOTIC ZONE(37,36)|NONCORROSIVE(36,1)|PH NEUTRAL(36,1)|UREA GRANULE(34,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(32,23)|NUTRIENT(25,4)|FIXED CONDUIT(25,1)|PARTICULATE(24,5)|NITROGEN SOURCE(23,25)|BOAT(23,5)|CARBON CREDIT(23,4)|GAS POCKET(23,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION(22,2)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON(21,5)|PIPELINE(21,4)|CARBON CELL(21,1)|SODIUM NITRATE(20,1)|SHIP(18,7)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(18,3)|ZONE RESULT(18,2)|GENERATED CARBON CREDIT(18,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(18,1)|REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE(17,2)|NITRIC ACID(17,1)|SATELLITE(16,3)|AMMONIA(15,8)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETA(15,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(14,2)|UREA ADDITION(12,4)|DYE(12,2)|DIFFICULTY ACCESSING PHYTOPLANKTON(12,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(10,7)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(10,5)|MICRONUTRIENT(10,4)|EOSP CORPORATION TRADEMARK(10,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(10,1)|NUTRIENT TARGETED INTRODUCTION(10,1)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(10,1)|NITROGEN COMPOUND(9,5)|MARINE FISH BIOMASS(9,1)|PORTABLE FLOATATION CONTAINER(9,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(8,6)|BAGGED UREA(8,1)|NUTRIENT DISPERSION(8,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(8,1)|OCEAN PROTEIN SUSTAINED SUPPLY(8,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(8,1)|SHORE FACILITY(8,1)|UREA DISSOLUTION(8,1)|RADFIELD RATIO(7,2)|UREA SEAWATER SOLUTION(7,2)|CONCENTRATED SEAWATER SOLUTION(6,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION INDUSTRY(6,1)|GASEOUS AMMONIA(6,1)|GRANULAR UREA(6,1)|NUTRIENT WATER PLUME(6,1)|OCEAN CAPACITY(6,1)|OCEAN FEEDING(6,1)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE REGION(6,1)|SPHERICAL PELLET(6,1)|TARGET INTRODUCTION(6,1)|UPPER OCEAN ACIDITY(6,1)|UREA DELIVERY ZONE(6,1)|UREA SINK(6,1)|WHITE GRANULE(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(5,2)|BACTERIA(5,2)|SEABED(5,2)|TURBULENCE(5,2)|CHANGE THREAT(5,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(5,1)|MODERATE DEPTH(5,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(5,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(5,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(5,1)|PELLET DENSITY(5,1)|RELEASED UREA(5,1)|UREA DENSE SOLUTION(5,1)|WIND INTENSITY(5,1)|HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL(4,3)|AGRICULTURE(4,1)|BEHAVIOR(4,1)|BUBBLING(4,1)|CARBON OFFSET MARKET(4,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL(4,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(4,1)|DEAD(4,1)|DOCK(4,1)||(AU2007352235)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,18)|METHANEDIONE(100,18)|PRODUCING CARBON CREDIT(100,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|REMOVING CO2(100,1)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(78,8)|OCEAN PHOTICZONE(57,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(46,62)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE GRANULE(39,2)|PHOTIC ZONE(33,39)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(30,10)|INTHE REGION(26,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED NUMBER(20,15)|BOAT(20,4)|CARBON PRODUCTION CELL(17,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON BACTERIAL DECAY(16,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(16,1)|SHIP(15,16)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(15,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(14,4)|SATELLITE(13,3)|SEAWATER PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(13,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(12,2)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(12,2)|OCEAN FISH BIOMASS(11,1)|DEEP OCEAN(10,5)|DYE(10,2)|LONGLASTING PHYTOPLANKTON(10,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(10,1)|HELPFUL MACRONUTRIENT(9,1)|INCREASED NUMBER(8,15)|IMMEDIATE VICINITY(8,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(8,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(8,1)|MARINE PROTEIN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY(8,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(8,1)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT(8,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(8,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC DETRITUS(8,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(7,5)|MICRONUTRIENT(6,3)|AIR POCKET(6,2)|DANGEROUS CHEMICAL(6,2)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(6,1)|DOSED BOTTLE(6,1)|GRANULAR CARBONYLDIAMIDE(6,1)|LAND FACILITY(6,1)|PORTABLE FLOATING VESSEL(6,1)|SPHERICAL PILL(6,1)|MOLE L(5,24)|PIPELINE(5,3)|SUPERPHOSPHATE(5,3)|REGION RESULT(5,2)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(5,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE DENSE SOLUTION(5,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SINK(5,1)|GASEOUS AMMONIA(5,1)|OCEAN MIXING(5,1)|RELEASED CARBONYLDIAMIDE(5,1)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(5,1)|SEABED(4,2)|TURBULENCE(4,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SEAWATER SOLUTION(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SOLUTION(4,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(4,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(4,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(4,1)|NITROGEN DISPERSION(4,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(4,1)|OCEAN LAYER(4,1)|PHOTIC LAYER(4,1)|PILL DENSITY(4,1)|AGRICULTURE(3,1)|AMMONIA SOLUTION(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(3,1)|BUBBLING(3,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL(3,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(3,1)|DOCK(3,1)|FLUCTUATION(3,1)|GUIDELINE(3,1)|INCREASED PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,1)||(AU2007352235)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,18)|METHANEDIONE(100,18)|PRODUCING CARBON CREDIT(100,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|REMOVING CO2(100,1)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(78,8)|OCEAN PHOTICZONE(57,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(46,62)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE GRANULE(39,2)|PHOTIC ZONE(33,39)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(30,10)|INTHE REGION(26,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED NUMBER(20,15)|BOAT(20,4)|CARBON PRODUCTION CELL(17,1)|DEAD PHYTOPLANKTON BACTERIAL DECAY(16,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC(16,1)|SHIP(15,16)|CONTINENTAL SHELF(15,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(14,4)|SATELLITE(13,3)|SEAWATER PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION(13,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(12,2)|ZOOPLANKTON EXCRETION(12,2)|OCEAN FISH BIOMASS(11,1)|DEEP OCEAN(10,5)|DYE(10,2)|LONGLASTING PHYTOPLANKTON(10,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION GROWTH(10,1)|HELPFUL MACRONUTRIENT(9,1)|INCREASED NUMBER(8,15)|IMMEDIATE VICINITY(8,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(8,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(8,1)|MARINE PROTEIN SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY(8,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(8,1)|OCEAN NOURISHMENT(8,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(8,1)|PARTICULATE ORGANIC DETRITUS(8,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(7,5)|MICRONUTRIENT(6,3)|AIR POCKET(6,2)|DANGEROUS CHEMICAL(6,2)|AMBIENT SEAWATER(6,1)|DOSED BOTTLE(6,1)|GRANULAR CARBONYLDIAMIDE(6,1)|LAND FACILITY(6,1)|PORTABLE FLOATING VESSEL(6,1)|SPHERICAL PILL(6,1)|MOLE L(5,24)|PIPELINE(5,3)|SUPERPHOSPHATE(5,3)|REGION RESULT(5,2)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(5,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE DENSE SOLUTION(5,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SINK(5,1)|GASEOUS AMMONIA(5,1)|OCEAN MIXING(5,1)|RELEASED CARBONYLDIAMIDE(5,1)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(5,1)|SEABED(4,2)|TURBULENCE(4,2)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SEAWATER SOLUTION(4,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE SOLUTION(4,1)|CONVERTING INORGANIC CARBON(4,1)|NATURAL SUNLIGHT(4,1)|NATURALLY OCCURRING NUTRIENT(4,1)|NITROGEN DISPERSION(4,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(4,1)|OCEAN LAYER(4,1)|PHOTIC LAYER(4,1)|PILL DENSITY(4,1)|AGRICULTURE(3,1)|AMMONIA SOLUTION(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CO2(3,1)|BUBBLING(3,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL(3,1)|COMPACT SOLUTION(3,1)|DOCK(3,1)|FLUCTUATION(3,1)|GUIDELINE(3,1)|INCREASED PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,1)||(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|FLOATING VESSEL(100,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(73,1)|METHANEDIONE(46,1)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(44,2)|CARBON PRODUCTION CELL(32,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(32,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON NUMBER(28,1)| | (EP2141980)|1. A method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere comprising the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of an ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea, wherein the floating vessel is a boat or ship.|2. The method of claim 1, wherein the region is located such that carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere for a significant period of time.|3. The method of claim 2, wherein carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere for greater than 100 years.|4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the region is located at the edge of a continental shelf or over a deep ocean.|5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the urea is in granular form and is sprinkled from the floating vessel over the surface of the ocean above the region.|6. The method of claim 5, wherein the granules of urea contain air pockets inside the granules.|7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the amount of urea delivered to the region results in the concentration of urea in the region being between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L.|8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising the step of monitoring the increased number of phytoplankton, and adding more urea to further increase or maintain an increased number of phytoplankton. | (EP2141980)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is rising as a result of fossil fuel burning, bringing with it the threat of undesirable climate change. At the same time, the fishing industry seems to be exploiting the ocean's resources beyond its carrying capacity. Increased photosynthesis may address both of these issues by converting inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic carbon (vegetable matter) in a body of water. Such vegetable matter is the base of the marine food chain.|[0003] The natural process by which carbon dioxide is converted into organic carbon is known. When atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean it exists in an ionic form and can be taken into the bodies of marine phytoplankton through the process of photosynthesis. The phytoplankton eventually perish through age or are eaten by other marine organisms. Some of the resulting dead or excreted biomass then falls to the lower levels of the water column whereby at least some of the carbon is effectively stored away from the atmosphere for long periods of time.|[0004] In some regions of the ocean, the conversion of carbon dioxide dissolved at the surface of the ocean to organic carbon is limited by the availability of specific nutrients. For example, phytoplankton growth is limited in some 80% of the ocean by the lack of the macronutrient nitrogen.|[0005] AU660913 discloses a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, where a source of nitrogen is delivered (e.g. via a pipeline) to the mixed layer of the ocean to cause an increase in the number of phytoplankton, and where ocean currents will carry the source of nitrogen and phytoplankton to a region of the ocean having a depth sufficient to allow dead said phytoplankton and organic material derived from the phytoplankton to fall from the mixed layer and enable carbon originating from the carbon dioxide to be sequestered from the atmosphere.|[0006] WO9529583 discloses a method of increasing seafood production in the oceans, the method comprising (1) testing the water at the surface of the ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, (2) applying to the ocean water an iron-based fertilizer that comprises a microorganism that fixes nitrogen and sufficient nutrients to cause the microorganism to fix nitrogen and the other missing nutrients, and (3) harvesting the increased production of seafood that results from the fertilization.|SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0007] There is provided a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of an ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea.|[0008] This method involves delivering an exogenous source of nitrogen (i.e. urea) to a specific layer of the ocean at a specific location to stimulate the growth of the phytoplankton population in that region and so cause an increase in the photosynthetic activity of the phytoplankton population. This method can be utilised to decrease the atmospheric CO2 concentration because, as inorganic carbon present in the photic zone of the ocean is used in the photosynthesis carried out by the phytoplankton, further CO2 is caused to diffuse into the ocean from the atmosphere. The increased number of phytoplankton will eventually die and fall to the lower levels of the water column. Accordingly, the addition of urea to the photic zone can cause the ocean to be a sink for CO2 and can result in a reduction in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.|[0009] As the skilled addressee will appreciate, since phytoplankton is the base of the marine food web, increasing numbers of phytoplankton may also result in an increase in ocean fish biomass.|[0010] In the method described above, urea is delivered to the photic zone of an ocean from a floating vessel. Delivering a source of nitrogen (i.e. urea) from a floating vessel has a number of advantages over other methods of delivery, such as via a pipeline. For example, it might not be economically viable to provide the nutrient by pipeline because of the extensive length of pipe required to reach an appropriate region of the ocean, as well as the ongoing costs of maintaining the pipeline. Furthermore, a land based facility is required for pumping the source of nitrogen through the pipeline, which would further increase the cost.|[0011] Furthermore, as noted earlier, phytoplankton growth is limited in some 80% of the ocean by the lack of the macronutrient nitrogen. A portable floating vessel can assist in the delivery of a source of nitrogen (i.e. urea) to such regions.|[0012] Urea can be supplied as a granular white material and is extensively used in agriculture. Urea occurs naturally in sea water as a result of the bacterial decay of dead phytoplankton or zooplankton excretions. It has numerous advantages over many other nitrogen containing compounds, such as ammonia, in that it can be easily stored and transported, is not caustic and is pH neutral. In contrast, ammonia (or solutions of ammonia) is caustic, toxic and classified as a dangerous chemical.|[0013] Typically, the region is located such that carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere for a significant period of time (e.g. greater than 100 years). The deeper the dead phytoplankton and other derived organic matter can sink out of the photic zone, the longer the carbon is kept away from the surface area of the ocean. Thus, in at least preferred embodiments, the urea is delivered to the photic zone in a region of the ocean having a depth sufficient to allow dead said phytoplankton and organic material derived from the phytoplankton to fall from the mixed layer and enable carbon from the CO2 to be sequestered from the atmosphere for considerable time (or alternatively, to a location where ocean currents will carry the source of nitrogen and additional phytoplankton to such a region).|[0014] The region may, for example, be located at the edge of a continental shelf or over a deep ocean, where the organic matter can sink to a depth of 1000m or more.|[0015] In some embodiments, the urea is transported on the floating vessel in granular form and is mixed with water taken from the region immediately before delivery. As a person skilled in the art will appreciate, the properties (e.g. temperature, density and salinity) of a solution of urea dissolved in such seawater will be similar to those of the seawater into which the urea is to be delivered. Indeed, if the solution of urea is a relatively dilute solution, its properties will be very similar to that of the surrounding seawater. As such, the seawater containing the urea will not appreciably rise or fall in the water column before the phytoplankton are able to access the nitrogen in the urea.|[0016] The urea is typically injected into the region at a predetermined depth (e.g. between 15 and 50m) in order to form a concentrated solution at the depth most suitable for phytoplankton growth. This depth can be dependent on a number of factors, for example, few phytoplankton exist below 100m because very little sunlight penetrates that deep into the ocean. Similarly, few phytoplankton exist in the top few meters of the ocean because the sunlight is too intense.|[0017] In alternate embodiments, the urea is in granular form and is sprinkled from the floating vessel over the surface of the ocean above the region. The granules of urea may contain air pockets inside the granules, which slows the rate at which the granules sink so the nitrogen does not sink out of the photic zone.|[0018] In some embodiments, the amount of urea delivered to the region results in the concentration of urea in the region being between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L. Concentrations of less than about 0.1 µmole/L urea do not cause a significant growth in the number of phytoplankton, while concentrations above about 10 µmole/L urea can cause too much phytoplankton growth. To achieve such a concentration of urea, a 5%w/v to 20%w/v solution of urea in seawater can be pumped into the photic zone to raise the concentration of urea in the immediate vicinity of the outlet. This concentrated urea solution will subsequently be dispersed by ocean currents and turbulence to provide a concentration of urea sufficient to support an appropriate amount of phytoplankton growth.|[0019] Alternatively, the concentration of urea may be raised by between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 1 µmole/L, or about 1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L, or about 0.1 µmole/L to about 0.5 µmole/L, or about 0.5 µmole/L to about 1 µmole/L, or about 1 µmole/L to about 5 µmole/L, or about 5 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L, of seawater.|[0020] In some embodiments, one or more additional macronutrients (e.g. phosphates) may be delivered to the photic zone with the urea.|[0021] In some embodiments, one or more micronutrients (e.g. iron) may be delivered to the photic zone with the urea.|[0022] In some embodiments, the method of the first aspect comprises the additional step of monitoring the increased number of phytoplankton, and adding more urea to further increase or maintain an increased number of phytoplankton.|[0023] In an embodiment, the method comprises the steps of delivering a source of nitrogen from a floating vessel to a region of the photic zone of an ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the source of nitrogen, monitoring the increased number of phytoplankton, and adding more of the source of nitrogen to portions of the region in which it is possible to further increase or maintain an increased number of phytoplankton.|[0024] The increased number of phytoplankton may, for example, be monitored by satellite. Alternatively, the increased number of phytoplankton may be monitored by a second boat or ship downstream of the floating vessel.|[0025] In some embodiments, a dye such as hydrogen hexafluoride may be delivered to the photic zone with the source of nitrogen to aid in monitoring the increased number of phytoplankton.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS|[0026] Specific embodiments of the methods set forth in the summary will now be described.|[0027] In the methods described above, carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere by adding a source of nitrogen (urea) to a region of the photic zone of an ocean to cause an increase in the number of phytoplankton. Such activity is also known as Ocean Nourishment (which is a trade mark of Earth, Ocean and Space Pty Ltd), which is the purposeful introduction of nutrients to the upper ocean for the purpose of storing carbon and enhancing the sustainable supply of marine protein.|[0028] Typically, the photic zone (also known loosely as the mixed layer) extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of about 50 metres. However, the photic zone may extend to a depth of 100 metres or more. The actual depth of the photic zone varies, and is dependent upon a number of factors including wind strength and the loss of heat due to the temperature difference between the oceanic surface waters and the lower atmosphere.|[0029] The region referred to above must be a region of the ocean which is deficient in nitrogen in order for the addition of the source of nitrogen to cause the number of phytoplankton to increase. As noted above, it is thought that phytoplankton growth is limited in up to 80% of the ocean by the lack of the macronutrient nitrogen. It is within the ability of the person skilled in the art to determine appropriate regions to fertilise in accordance with these methods.|[0030] When using these methods, the organic carbon produced by photosynthesis can be exported from the photic zone to the deep ocean and retained there for some time. This occurs either by subduction of surface waters or by sinking of particulate organic detritus out the upper ocean. It is believed that carbon dioxide may be sequestered from the atmosphere for at least 100 years, and possibly for up to 500 years or 1000 years, or even longer, depending on the location and ocean currents.|[0031] In the first aspect, and in some embodiments of the second aspect, urea is delivered to the region from the floating vessel. Urea is highly soluble and, when involved in photosynthesis in the ocean, can cause the upper ocean to become less acidic. Adding urea to the ocean may therefore counter the effect of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing the pH of the upper ocean to decrease.|[0032] Typically, the amount of the nitrogen containing compound (urea) delivered to the region results in the concentration of the nitrogen containing compound in the region being between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L. To achieve such a concentration, a concentrated solution (e.g. a solution containing 5%w/v of urea) of the nitrogen containing compound in seawater can be pumped into the photic zone to raise the concentration of the compound in the immediate vicinity of the outlet. This concentrated patch is subsequently dispersed by ocean currents and turbulence to provide an appropriate concentration of available nitrogen to support phytoplankton growth.|[0033] The concentration of the nitrogen containing compound may be raised by between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 1 µmole/L, or about 1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L, or about 0.1 µmole/L to about 0.5 µmole/L, or about 0.5 µmole/L to about 1 µmole/L, or about 1 µmole/L to about 5 µmole/L, or about 5 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L, of seawater.|[0034] An example of how specific embodiments of the methods set forth above could be carried out will now be described.|[0035] The hold of a floating vessel in the form of a ship could be loaded with urea, preferably in the form of granular urea, which is not classified as a dangerous chemical and has suitable storage stability and flow properties. The ship could then sail to any region of the ocean in which the phytoplankton population would be caused to increase upon addition of urea and where the organic carbon produced would sink to a depth where it would not be quickly recirculated back to the surface. For example, the ship could be anchored at the edge of a continental shelf or floating over the deep ocean.|[0036] Once the ship was located at the desired region of the ocean, the urea could be blown into a venturi, mixed with seawater to provide a solution of about 5%w/v urea, and the resultant solution injected via a pipe from the ship to a depth of the photic zone that is determined to be most suitable for phytoplankton growth in that region.|[0037] The seawater used to dissolve or suspend the urea would ideally be taken from the region of the photic zone to which the urea was to be injected so the injected water will have a similar temperature and density to the surrounding water. If the injected solution/surrounding water have similar properties, then the urea will remain in the photic zone at approximately the level at which it was injected for long enough to be diluted by natural processes, thus enabling the phytoplankton to photosynthesise. Should the urea sink out of the photic zone it would no longer be accessible to the phytoplankton. Similarly, should the injected solution be significantly less dense than the surrounding seawater, it could float towards the surface where the urea may also become inaccessible to phytoplankton because phytoplankton do not tend to exist close to the surface of the ocean where the sunlight is too intense.|[0038] The predetermined depth at which the urea/seawater solution was injected would depend on the depth of the photic zone in the region, which could readily be calculated on the ship before injection, but which would typically be between about 15 and about 50 metres.|[0039] Alternatively, a dense solution of urea and seawater could be sprayed out into the water, where it would subsequently sink to near the centre of the photic zone. As noted above, phytoplankton tend to live near the mid-depth of the photic zone.|[0040] Alternatively, an appropriate quantity of the urea in granular form could be sprinkled from the floating vessel over the surface of the ocean, where it would subsequently sink to near the centre of the photic zone whilst dissolving.|[0041] In some embodiments, the urea may be provided in the form of small, spherical pills having an air bubble inside. The air bubble would slow the rate of sinking to allow for complete dissolving of the urea while the pill is in the photic zone. The rate of sinking of these pills (which depends on pill density and diameter) could be estimated using Stokes law.|[0042] Alternatively, the urea could be mixed with fresh water at the dock in order to achieve a solution having a satisfactory density.|[0043] The ship could deliver the urea as it steams along a predetermined path, chosen to produce an extensive phytoplankton patch in a desirable location. Alternatively, the ship could steam in a grid pattern throughout the region.|[0044] Additional macro- or micronutrients (e.g. phosphorous or iron) can be added to the urea solution at an appropriate concentration if needed. Alternatively, such macro- or micronutrients could be delivered to the ocean separately.|[0045] Approximately a week after the source of nitrogen has been delivered into the ocean, a phytoplankton patch will occur. The existence of this patch can be monitored down current of the injection points, for example by satellite or by a second boat (or by the ship which originally injected the urea) and the concentration of the phytoplankton can be measured.|[0046] If desirable, the ship (or another ship) containing urea could return to that region of the ocean and add additional amounts of urea to further increase or maintain the increased number of phytoplankton in the desired region.|[0047] The released urea forms a nutrient plume in the photic zone, which is spread by the ocean mixing throughout the photic zone. Ocean currents and diffusion assist in the dispersion of nitrogen through the region. The presence of the added nitrogen together with sunlight enables the phytoplankton in the photic zone to multiply as the source of nitrogen (e.g. urea) and other added nutrients or naturally occurring nutrients are consumed. In this manner, phytoplankton patches of substantial size could be maintained for some time.|[0048] Dead phytoplankton and organic material comprising excretion from zooplankton subsequently fall to lower levels of the water column (i.e. the deep ocean) as organic detritus, and the ocean current carries the urea and phytoplankton over the sea bed. The organic detritus carries with it carbon originating from carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, enabling effective sequestering of carbon to deeper ocean layers or the sea bed. As the amount of carbon dioxide that could be sequestered from the atmosphere is proportional to the amount of additional phytoplankton produced, phytoplankton patches of substantial size and which are maintained for some time could sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide.|[0049] It will be appreciated that delivering a source of nitrogen (urea) from a floating vessel offers numerous advantages over the use of fixed pipelines to deliver the source of nitrogen. For example, as described above, a floating vessel could be used to cause a longlasting phytoplankton patch over a large region of the ocean despite fluctuations in the currents advecting the urea from the point of injection.|[0050] Furthermore, additional helpful macronutrients (e.g. phosphates) or micronutrients (e.g. iron) could also be added to the urea and delivered to the photic zone if it were determined that the presence of such nutrients may further increase the number of phytoplankton.|[0051] A specific embodiment of the method described above that was performed in the South Pacific Ocean will now be described.|[0052] A ship carrying urea in 40kg bags sailed to a region in the high seas to confirm the utility of the methods described above. The urea (10kg) was dissolved in a 60 litre container of seawater taken from the region. Phosphorus, in the form of superphosphate, was also dissolved in the container in the Redfield ratio. The density of the resultant solution was 1075 kg/m3. The solution was then poured onto the sea from the ship. This was repeated three times in different locations.|[0053] To verify that a solution containing urea and superphosphate was effective in promoting a growth in the phytoplankton population of seawater taken from the locations (i.e. dissolved inorganic carbon is converted into organic carbon), two samples of the ambient sea water were collected from each location. The initial chlorophyll concentrations in the locations was 0.25µg/L, 0.25 µg/L and 0.1 µg/L. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, these are relatively low concentrations of chlorophyll in seawater, and these regions can be thought of as "desert" regions of the ocean.|[0054] One sample from each location was dosed with urea and superphosphate in the Redfield ratio, and the other was maintained as a control. The samples were exposed to natural sunlight and kept in a water bath for 4 days. At the end of the period, the chlorophyll concentration in the dosed bottles was higher than in the control bottles, indicating that the number of phytoplankton had been caused to increase.|[0055] Many countries have established carbon offset markets following the guidelines of the Kyoto Protocol. Basically, industries which generate carbon dioxide (e.g. fossil fuel burning industries) are required to offset their carbon emissions by purchasing certified emission reduction credits. Such emission reduction credits can, for example, be obtained by planting trees or purchasing "clean" energy.|[0056] It is envisaged that the methods disclosed herein, which could be used to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for a significant period of time, could be a very cost effective way to offset an industry's carbon emissions.|[0057] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the methods set forth in the Summary are not intended to be limited by the specific embodiments described above.|[0058] In the claims which follow and in the preceding description, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments. | (EP2141980)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is rising as a result of fossil fuel burning, bringing with it the threat of undesirable climate change. At the same time, the fishing industry seems to be exploiting the ocean's resources beyond its carrying capacity. Increased photosynthesis may address both of these issues by converting inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic carbon (vegetable matter) in a body of water. Such vegetable matter is the base of the marine food chain.|[0003] The natural process by which carbon dioxide is converted into organic carbon is known. When atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean it exists in an ionic form and can be taken into the bodies of marine phytoplankton through the process of photosynthesis. The phytoplankton eventually perish through age or are eaten by other marine organisms. Some of the resulting dead or excreted biomass then falls to the lower levels of the water column whereby at least some of the carbon is effectively stored away from the atmosphere for long periods of time.|[0004] In some regions of the ocean, the conversion of carbon dioxide dissolved at the surface of the ocean to organic carbon is limited by the availability of specific nutrients. For example, phytoplankton growth is limited in some 80% of the ocean by the lack of the macronutrient nitrogen.|[0005] AU660913 discloses a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, where a source of nitrogen is delivered (e.g. via a pipeline) to the mixed layer of the ocean to cause an increase in the number of phytoplankton, and where ocean currents will carry the source of nitrogen and phytoplankton to a region of the ocean having a depth sufficient to allow dead said phytoplankton and organic material derived from the phytoplankton to fall from the mixed layer and enable carbon originating from the carbon dioxide to be sequestered from the atmosphere.|[0006] WO9529583 discloses a method of increasing seafood production in the oceans, the method comprising (1) testing the water at the surface of the ocean in order to determine the nutrients that are missing, (2) applying to the ocean water an iron-based fertilizer that comprises a microorganism that fixes nitrogen and sufficient nutrients to cause the microorganism to fix nitrogen and the other missing nutrients, and (3) harvesting the increased production of seafood that results from the fertilization.|SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0007] There is provided a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of an ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea.|[0008] This method involves delivering an exogenous source of nitrogen (i.e. urea) to a specific layer of the ocean at a specific location to stimulate the growth of the phytoplankton population in that region and so cause an increase in the photosynthetic activity of the phytoplankton population. This method can be utilised to decrease the atmospheric CO2 concentration because, as inorganic carbon present in the photic zone of the ocean is used in the photosynthesis carried out by the phytoplankton, further CO2 is caused to diffuse into the ocean from the atmosphere. The increased number of phytoplankton will eventually die and fall to the lower levels of the water column. Accordingly, the addition of urea to the photic zone can cause the ocean to be a sink for CO2 and can result in a reduction in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.|[0009] As the skilled addressee will appreciate, since phytoplankton is the base of the marine food web, increasing numbers of phytoplankton may also result in an increase in ocean fish biomass.|[0010] In the method described above, urea is delivered to the photic zone of an ocean from a floating vessel. Delivering a source of nitrogen (i.e. urea) from a floating vessel has a number of advantages over other methods of delivery, such as via a pipeline. For example, it might not be economically viable to provide the nutrient by pipeline because of the extensive length of pipe required to reach an appropriate region of the ocean, as well as the ongoing costs of maintaining the pipeline. Furthermore, a land based facility is required for pumping the source of nitrogen through the pipeline, which would further increase the cost.|[0011] Furthermore, as noted earlier, phytoplankton growth is limited in some 80% of the ocean by the lack of the macronutrient nitrogen. A portable floating vessel can assist in the delivery of a source of nitrogen (i.e. urea) to such regions.|[0012] Urea can be supplied as a granular white material and is extensively used in agriculture. Urea occurs naturally in sea water as a result of the bacterial decay of dead phytoplankton or zooplankton excretions. It has numerous advantages over many other nitrogen containing compounds, such as ammonia, in that it can be easily stored and transported, is not caustic and is pH neutral. In contrast, ammonia (or solutions of ammonia) is caustic, toxic and classified as a dangerous chemical.|[0013] Typically, the region is located such that carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere for a significant period of time (e.g. greater than 100 years). The deeper the dead phytoplankton and other derived organic matter can sink out of the photic zone, the longer the carbon is kept away from the surface area of the ocean. Thus, in at least preferred embodiments, the urea is delivered to the photic zone in a region of the ocean having a depth sufficient to allow dead said phytoplankton and organic material derived from the phytoplankton to fall from the mixed layer and enable carbon from the CO2 to be sequestered from the atmosphere for considerable time (or alternatively, to a location where ocean currents will carry the source of nitrogen and additional phytoplankton to such a region).|[0014] The region may, for example, be located at the edge of a continental shelf or over a deep ocean, where the organic matter can sink to a depth of 1000m or more.|[0015] In some embodiments, the urea is transported on the floating vessel in granular form and is mixed with water taken from the region immediately before delivery. As a person skilled in the art will appreciate, the properties (e.g. temperature, density and salinity) of a solution of urea dissolved in such seawater will be similar to those of the seawater into which the urea is to be delivered. Indeed, if the solution of urea is a relatively dilute solution, its properties will be very similar to that of the surrounding seawater. As such, the seawater containing the urea will not appreciably rise or fall in the water column before the phytoplankton are able to access the nitrogen in the urea.|[0016] The urea is typically injected into the region at a predetermined depth (e.g. between 15 and 50m) in order to form a concentrated solution at the depth most suitable for phytoplankton growth. This depth can be dependent on a number of factors, for example, few phytoplankton exist below 100m because very little sunlight penetrates that deep into the ocean. Similarly, few phytoplankton exist in the top few meters of the ocean because the sunlight is too intense.|[0017] In alternate embodiments, the urea is in granular form and is sprinkled from the floating vessel over the surface of the ocean above the region. The granules of urea may contain air pockets inside the granules, which slows the rate at which the granules sink so the nitrogen does not sink out of the photic zone.|[0018] In some embodiments, the amount of urea delivered to the region results in the concentration of urea in the region being between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L. Concentrations of less than about 0.1 µmole/L urea do not cause a significant growth in the number of phytoplankton, while concentrations above about 10 µmole/L urea can cause too much phytoplankton growth. To achieve such a concentration of urea, a 5%w/v to 20%w/v solution of urea in seawater can be pumped into the photic zone to raise the concentration of urea in the immediate vicinity of the outlet. This concentrated urea solution will subsequently be dispersed by ocean currents and turbulence to provide a concentration of urea sufficient to support an appropriate amount of phytoplankton growth.|[0019] Alternatively, the concentration of urea may be raised by between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 1 µmole/L, or about 1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L, or about 0.1 µmole/L to about 0.5 µmole/L, or about 0.5 µmole/L to about 1 µmole/L, or about 1 µmole/L to about 5 µmole/L, or about 5 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L, of seawater.|[0020] In some embodiments, one or more additional macronutrients (e.g. phosphates) may be delivered to the photic zone with the urea.|[0021] In some embodiments, one or more micronutrients (e.g. iron) may be delivered to the photic zone with the urea.|[0022] In some embodiments, the method of the first aspect comprises the additional step of monitoring the increased number of phytoplankton, and adding more urea to further increase or maintain an increased number of phytoplankton.|[0023] In an embodiment, the method comprises the steps of delivering a source of nitrogen from a floating vessel to a region of the photic zone of an ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the source of nitrogen, monitoring the increased number of phytoplankton, and adding more of the source of nitrogen to portions of the region in which it is possible to further increase or maintain an increased number of phytoplankton.|[0024] The increased number of phytoplankton may, for example, be monitored by satellite. Alternatively, the increased number of phytoplankton may be monitored by a second boat or ship downstream of the floating vessel.|[0025] In some embodiments, a dye such as hydrogen hexafluoride may be delivered to the photic zone with the source of nitrogen to aid in monitoring the increased number of phytoplankton.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS|[0026] Specific embodiments of the methods set forth in the summary will now be described.|[0027] In the methods described above, carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere by adding a source of nitrogen (urea) to a region of the photic zone of an ocean to cause an increase in the number of phytoplankton. Such activity is also known as Ocean Nourishment (which is a trade mark of Earth, Ocean and Space Pty Ltd), which is the purposeful introduction of nutrients to the upper ocean for the purpose of storing carbon and enhancing the sustainable supply of marine protein.|[0028] Typically, the photic zone (also known loosely as the mixed layer) extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of about 50 metres. However, the photic zone may extend to a depth of 100 metres or more. The actual depth of the photic zone varies, and is dependent upon a number of factors including wind strength and the loss of heat due to the temperature difference between the oceanic surface waters and the lower atmosphere.|[0029] The region referred to above must be a region of the ocean which is deficient in nitrogen in order for the addition of the source of nitrogen to cause the number of phytoplankton to increase. As noted above, it is thought that phytoplankton growth is limited in up to 80% of the ocean by the lack of the macronutrient nitrogen. It is within the ability of the person skilled in the art to determine appropriate regions to fertilise in accordance with these methods.|[0030] When using these methods, the organic carbon produced by photosynthesis can be exported from the photic zone to the deep ocean and retained there for some time. This occurs either by subduction of surface waters or by sinking of particulate organic detritus out the upper ocean. It is believed that carbon dioxide may be sequestered from the atmosphere for at least 100 years, and possibly for up to 500 years or 1000 years, or even longer, depending on the location and ocean currents.|[0031] In the first aspect, and in some embodiments of the second aspect, urea is delivered to the region from the floating vessel. Urea is highly soluble and, when involved in photosynthesis in the ocean, can cause the upper ocean to become less acidic. Adding urea to the ocean may therefore counter the effect of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing the pH of the upper ocean to decrease.|[0032] Typically, the amount of the nitrogen containing compound (urea) delivered to the region results in the concentration of the nitrogen containing compound in the region being between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L. To achieve such a concentration, a concentrated solution (e.g. a solution containing 5%w/v of urea) of the nitrogen containing compound in seawater can be pumped into the photic zone to raise the concentration of the compound in the immediate vicinity of the outlet. This concentrated patch is subsequently dispersed by ocean currents and turbulence to provide an appropriate concentration of available nitrogen to support phytoplankton growth.|[0033] The concentration of the nitrogen containing compound may be raised by between about 0.1 µmole/L to about 1 µmole/L, or about 1 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L, or about 0.1 µmole/L to about 0.5 µmole/L, or about 0.5 µmole/L to about 1 µmole/L, or about 1 µmole/L to about 5 µmole/L, or about 5 µmole/L to about 10 µmole/L, of seawater.|[0034] An example of how specific embodiments of the methods set forth above could be carried out will now be described.|[0035] The hold of a floating vessel in the form of a ship could be loaded with urea, preferably in the form of granular urea, which is not classified as a dangerous chemical and has suitable storage stability and flow properties. The ship could then sail to any region of the ocean in which the phytoplankton population would be caused to increase upon addition of urea and where the organic carbon produced would sink to a depth where it would not be quickly recirculated back to the surface. For example, the ship could be anchored at the edge of a continental shelf or floating over the deep ocean.|[0036] Once the ship was located at the desired region of the ocean, the urea could be blown into a venturi, mixed with seawater to provide a solution of about 5%w/v urea, and the resultant solution injected via a pipe from the ship to a depth of the photic zone that is determined to be most suitable for phytoplankton growth in that region.|[0037] The seawater used to dissolve or suspend the urea would ideally be taken from the region of the photic zone to which the urea was to be injected so the injected water will have a similar temperature and density to the surrounding water. If the injected solution/surrounding water have similar properties, then the urea will remain in the photic zone at approximately the level at which it was injected for long enough to be diluted by natural processes, thus enabling the phytoplankton to photosynthesise. Should the urea sink out of the photic zone it would no longer be accessible to the phytoplankton. Similarly, should the injected solution be significantly less dense than the surrounding seawater, it could float towards the surface where the urea may also become inaccessible to phytoplankton because phytoplankton do not tend to exist close to the surface of the ocean where the sunlight is too intense.|[0038] The predetermined depth at which the urea/seawater solution was injected would depend on the depth of the photic zone in the region, which could readily be calculated on the ship before injection, but which would typically be between about 15 and about 50 metres.|[0039] Alternatively, a dense solution of urea and seawater could be sprayed out into the water, where it would subsequently sink to near the centre of the photic zone. As noted above, phytoplankton tend to live near the mid-depth of the photic zone.|[0040] Alternatively, an appropriate quantity of the urea in granular form could be sprinkled from the floating vessel over the surface of the ocean, where it would subsequently sink to near the centre of the photic zone whilst dissolving.|[0041] In some embodiments, the urea may be provided in the form of small, spherical pills having an air bubble inside. The air bubble would slow the rate of sinking to allow for complete dissolving of the urea while the pill is in the photic zone. The rate of sinking of these pills (which depends on pill density and diameter) could be estimated using Stokes law.|[0042] Alternatively, the urea could be mixed with fresh water at the dock in order to achieve a solution having a satisfactory density.|[0043] The ship could deliver the urea as it steams along a predetermined path, chosen to produce an extensive phytoplankton patch in a desirable location. Alternatively, the ship could steam in a grid pattern throughout the region.|[0044] Additional macro- or micronutrients (e.g. phosphorous or iron) can be added to the urea solution at an appropriate concentration if needed. Alternatively, such macro- or micronutrients could be delivered to the ocean separately.|[0045] Approximately a week after the source of nitrogen has been delivered into the ocean, a phytoplankton patch will occur. The existence of this patch can be monitored down current of the injection points, for example by satellite or by a second boat (or by the ship which originally injected the urea) and the concentration of the phytoplankton can be measured.|[0046] If desirable, the ship (or another ship) containing urea could return to that region of the ocean and add additional amounts of urea to further increase or maintain the increased number of phytoplankton in the desired region.|[0047] The released urea forms a nutrient plume in the photic zone, which is spread by the ocean mixing throughout the photic zone. Ocean currents and diffusion assist in the dispersion of nitrogen through the region. The presence of the added nitrogen together with sunlight enables the phytoplankton in the photic zone to multiply as the source of nitrogen (e.g. urea) and other added nutrients or naturally occurring nutrients are consumed. In this manner, phytoplankton patches of substantial size could be maintained for some time.|[0048] Dead phytoplankton and organic material comprising excretion from zooplankton subsequently fall to lower levels of the water column (i.e. the deep ocean) as organic detritus, and the ocean current carries the urea and phytoplankton over the sea bed. The organic detritus carries with it carbon originating from carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, enabling effective sequestering of carbon to deeper ocean layers or the sea bed. As the amount of carbon dioxide that could be sequestered from the atmosphere is proportional to the amount of additional phytoplankton produced, phytoplankton patches of substantial size and which are maintained for some time could sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide.|[0049] It will be appreciated that delivering a source of nitrogen (urea) from a floating vessel offers numerous advantages over the use of fixed pipelines to deliver the source of nitrogen. For example, as described above, a floating vessel could be used to cause a longlasting phytoplankton patch over a large region of the ocean despite fluctuations in the currents advecting the urea from the point of injection.|[0050] Furthermore, additional helpful macronutrients (e.g. phosphates) or micronutrients (e.g. iron) could also be added to the urea and delivered to the photic zone if it were determined that the presence of such nutrients may further increase the number of phytoplankton.|[0051] A specific embodiment of the method described above that was performed in the South Pacific Ocean will now be described.|[0052] A ship carrying urea in 40kg bags sailed to a region in the high seas to confirm the utility of the methods described above. The urea (10kg) was dissolved in a 60 litre container of seawater taken from the region. Phosphorus, in the form of superphosphate, was also dissolved in the container in the Redfield ratio. The density of the resultant solution was 1075 kg/m3. The solution was then poured onto the sea from the ship. This was repeated three times in different locations.|[0053] To verify that a solution containing urea and superphosphate was effective in promoting a growth in the phytoplankton population of seawater taken from the locations (i.e. dissolved inorganic carbon is converted into organic carbon), two samples of the ambient sea water were collected from each location. The initial chlorophyll concentrations in the locations was 0.25µg/L, 0.25 µg/L and 0.1 µg/L. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, these are relatively low concentrations of chlorophyll in seawater, and these regions can be thought of as "desert" regions of the ocean.|[0054] One sample from each location was dosed with urea and superphosphate in the Redfield ratio, and the other was maintained as a control. The samples were exposed to natural sunlight and kept in a water bath for 4 days. At the end of the period, the chlorophyll concentration in the dosed bottles was higher than in the control bottles, indicating that the number of phytoplankton had been caused to increase.|[0055] Many countries have established carbon offset markets following the guidelines of the Kyoto Protocol. Basically, industries which generate carbon dioxide (e.g. fossil fuel burning industries) are required to offset their carbon emissions by purchasing certified emission reduction credits. Such emission reduction credits can, for example, be obtained by planting trees or purchasing "clean" energy.|[0056] It is envisaged that the methods disclosed herein, which could be used to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for a significant period of time, could be a very cost effective way to offset an industry's carbon emissions.|[0057] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the methods set forth in the Summary are not intended to be limited by the specific embodiments described above.|[0058] In the claims which follow and in the preceding description, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments. | Family Number|(1834208)|1834208|Abstract|(AU2007352235 B2)|Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of the ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea. The method can be used for producing carbon cells.|(CN101742902 A)|Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere . The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of the ocean , whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea . The method can be used for producing carbon cells . |(EP2141980 B1)|Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of the ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea. The method can be used for producing carbon cells.|(WO2008131472 A1)|Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of the ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea. The method can be used for producing carbon cells.|L'invention concerne un procédé pour retirer du dioxyde de carbone de l'atmosphère. Le procédé comprend l'étape de distribution d'urée à partir d'un navire flottant vers une région d'une zone photique de l'océan, grâce à quoi le nombre de phytoplanctons est amené à augmenter dans la région lors de l'addition de l'urée. Le procédé peut être utilisé pour la production de cellules de carbone.|(IN2009DN06784 A)|Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of the ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea. The method can be used for producing carbon cells.|(US8753863 B2)|Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of the ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea. The method can be used for producing carbon cells.|Title|(AU2007352235 B2)|Carbon sequestration using a floating vessel|(AU2007352235 A1)|Carbon sequestration using a floating vessel|(CN101742902 A)|Carbon sequestration using a floating vessel |(EP2141980 A4)|Carbon sequestration using a floating vessel|(WO2008131472 A1)|Carbon sequestration using a floating vessel|(IN2009DN06784 A)|Carbon sequestration using a floating vessel|(US8753863 B2)|Carbon sequestration using a floating vessel|(US20100210005 A1)|Carbon sequestration using a floating vessel| | Biotechnology|Environmental technology|Other special machines | A01G-015/00|A01G-033/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/20|B01D-2251/95|B01D-2257/504|Y02A-040/81|Y02C-020/40|Y02P-060/20 | A01G-015/00|A01G-033/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/20|B01D-2251/95|B01D-2257/504|Y02A-040/81|Y02C-020/40|Y02P-060/20 | A01G-015/00|A01K-061/00|B01D-053/62|C12M-001/00|C12N-001/38|C12Q-001/58 | 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WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=DBL|US20040161364 43992227 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20040161364 43992227 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO200624070 5233685 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US5992089 66804222 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=102 CAT=DBL|CN1710095 5186906 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20040161364 43992227 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20040161364 43992227 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6200530 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US6200530 35674732 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6056919 43123675 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US6056919 43123675 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6056919 43123675 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5992889 59990634 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5965117 51504834 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5965117 51504834 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO9620589 59972967 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO9620589 59972967 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5992089 66804222 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO9529583 1220367 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO9529583 1220367 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO9529583 1220367 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|AU-660913 66804222 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|AU-660913 66804222 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|AU-660913 66804222 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5567221 59972967 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5567221 59972967 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | US6056919; US6200530; WO9620589; US20040161364; US5965117; AU-660913; AU-660913; WO9529583||WO9620589; US6056919; US6200530; US20040161364; US5965117; AU-660913; WO9529583; AU-660913; WO9529583|WO200624070; US6200530; US6056919; US20040161364; US5567221; US5965117; US5992089; US5992889; US8728755; US20100218507; US5567221; US5965117; US5992089; US6056919; US6200530; US20040161364; CN1710095; WO9529583; WO9620589; AU-660913|US6056919; WO9620589| | (EP2141980)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-See also references of WO 2008131472A1||(US8753863)|Applicant references|-Extended EP Search Report mailed Jul. 17, 2013 in corresponding European Application No. 07719111.2, 5 pgs.||(WO2008/131472)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-See also references of EP 2141980A4|||| | GRANTED | (EP2141980)|GRANTED|(US8753863)|GRANTED|(WO2008/131472)|LAPSED|(CN101742902)|REVOKED|(AU2007352235)|GRANTED|(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|LAPSED | ALIVE | (EP2141980)|ALIVE|(US8753863)|ALIVE|(WO2008/131472)|DEAD|(CN101742902)|DEAD|(AU2007352235)|ALIVE|(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|DEAD | (EP2141980)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP2141980|Actual or expected expiration date=2027-06-22|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=EP/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=EP EP07719111|Application date=2007-06-22|Standardized application number=2007EP-0719111|Event publication date=2009-12-11|Event code=EP/PUAI|Event group=Administrative notifications|PUBLIC REFERENCE MADE UNDER ARTICLE 153(3) EPC TO A PUBLISHED INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION THAT HAS ENTERED THE EUROPEAN PHASE|Publication in section i.1 EP bulletin|Original code: 0009012|Event publication date=2010-01-13|Event code=EP/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published with search report|Publication country=EP|Publication number=EP2141980|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2010-01-13|Standardized publication number=EP2141980|Event publication date=2010-01-13|Event code=EP/17P|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Request for examination filed|Pruefungsantrag gestellt|Effective date of the event=2009-11-20|Event publication date=2010-01-13|Event code=EP/AK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Designated states|Designated contracting states:|Benannte vertragsstaaten|Designated contracting states=AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR|Event publication date=2010-08-04|Event code=EP/DAX|Event group=Designated states|REQUEST FOR EXTENSION OF THE EUROPEAN PATENT (DELETED)|Request for extension of the european patent (to any country) deleted|Event publication date=2013-08-14|Event code=EP/A4|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Supplementary search report|Ergaenzender recherchenbericht|Publication country=EP|Publication number=EP2141980|Publication stage code=A4|Publication date=2013-08-14|Standardized publication number=EP2141980|Event publication date=2013-08-14|Event code=EP/A4|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Administrative notifications|Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched|Effective date of the event=2013-07-17|Event publication date=2013-08-14|Event code=EP/RIC1|Event group=Classification modifications Corrections|Information provided on IPC code assigned before grant|Event publication date=2013-08-14|Event code=EP/RIC1|Event group=Classification modifications Corrections|Information provided on IPC code assigned before grant|Event publication date=2013-08-14|Event code=EP/RIC1|Event group=Classification modifications Corrections|Information provided on IPC code assigned before grant|Event publication date=2014-11-12|Event code=EP/17Q|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|First examination 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country=EP|Publication number=EP2141980|Publication stage code=B1|Publication date=2016-03-23|Standardized publication number=EP2141980|Event publication date=2016-03-23|Event code=EP/AK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Designated states|Designated contracting states:|Benannte vertragsstaaten|Designated contracting states=AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR|Event publication date=2017-01-27|Event code=EP/PLBE|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=No opposition filed|NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT|Original code: 0009261|Event publication date=2017-01-27|Event code=EP/STAANOPP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=No opposition filed Event indicating In Force|No opposition filed within time limit|Original code: STAA|Event publication date=2017-03-01|Event code=EP/26N|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=No opposition filed Event indicating In Force|No opposition filed|Kein einspruch eingelegt|Effective date of the event=2017-01-02|MEMBER 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state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=BG|Event publication date=2017-02-28|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=BG|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR CH|Actual or expected expiration date=2017-01-31|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CH|Event publication date=2016-03-31|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=CH/EP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Entry into national phase|Reference to a national code|EUROPEAN PATENT TAKES EFFECT AS A NATIONAL PATENT IN CH/LI|Wirkung des europäischen patents als nationales patent in ch/li tritt ein|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CH|Event publication date=2017-01-31|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=CH/PL|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Reference to a national code|Patent ceased|Loeschung/radiation/radiazion|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CH|Event publication date=2017-04-28|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CH|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR CY|Actual or expected expiration date=2018-05-31|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CY|Event publication date=2018-05-31|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CY|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR CZ|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-11-30|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CZ|Event publication date=2016-11-30|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CZ|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2027-06-22|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE Corresponding appl: DE602007045411|Event publication date=2016-05-12|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=DE/R096|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Reference to a national code|DPMA publication of mentioned EP patent grant|Veroeffentlichung eines hinweises auf die ep-patenterteilung durch das dpma|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2017-01-02|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=DE/R097|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=No opposition filed|Reference to a national code|No opposition filed against granted patent, or EPO opposition proceedings concluded without decision|Gegen die patenterteilung wurde kein einspruch erhoben, bzw. einspruchsverfahren ist beim epa ohne entscheidung abgeschlossen|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2025-06-18|Event code=EP/PGFP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Annual fee paid to national office [announced from national office to EPO]|Postgrant: annual fees paid to national office|Annual fees payment date=2025-06-18|Year of payment of annual 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indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=FI|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR FR|Actual or expected expiration date=2027-06-22|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=FR|Event publication date=2016-06-30|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=FR/PLFP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications Restitution or restoration|Reference to a national code|Fee payment|Derniere annuite payee|Annual fees payment date=2016-06-30|Year of payment of annual fees=10|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=FR|Event publication date=2017-06-21|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=FR/PLFP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications Restitution or restoration|Reference 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publication date=2016-10-31|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=IS|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR IT|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-12-30|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=IT|Event publication date=2016-12-30|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=IT|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR LI|Actual or expected expiration date=2017-04-28|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=LI|Event publication date=2017-04-28|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=LI|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR LT|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-07-25|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=LT|Event publication date=2016-07-25|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=LT/MG4D|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Reference to a national code|Invalidated european patent|Europos patentai, laikomi ab initio negaliojanciais|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=LT|Event publication date=2016-08-31|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=LT|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR LU|Actual or expected expiration date=2018-06-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=LU|Event publication date=2018-06-29|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=LU|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR LV|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-08-31|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=LV|Event publication date=2016-08-31|Event 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date=2018-06-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=MT|Event publication date=2018-06-29|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=MT|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR NL|Actual or expected expiration date=2027-06-22|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=NL|Event publication date=2016-07-06|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=NL/FP|Event group=Entry into national phase|Reference to a national code|Translation for ep filed (entry of ep into country)|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=NL|Event publication date=2025-06-25|Event code=EP/PGFP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Annual fee paid to national office [announced from national office to EPO]|Postgrant: annual fees paid to national office|Annual fees payment date=2025-06-25|Year of payment of annual fees=19|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=NL|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR PL|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-10-31|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=PL|Event publication date=2016-10-31|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=PL|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR PT|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-11-30|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=PT|Event publication date=2016-11-30|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=PT|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR RO|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-11-30|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=RO|Event publication date=2016-11-30|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=RO|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR SE|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-08-31|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=SE|Event publication date=2016-08-31|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=SE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR SI|Actual or expected expiration date=2017-05-31|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=SI|Event publication date=2017-05-31|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=SI|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR SK|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-11-30|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=SK|Event publication date=2016-11-30|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=SK|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR TR|Actual or expected expiration date=2018-06-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=TR|Event publication date=2018-06-29|Event code=EP/PG25|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force Payment or non-payment notifications|Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to EPO|LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=TR|(US8753863)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US8753863|Actual or expected expiration date=2030-09-06|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US12597700|Application date=2007-06-22|Standardized application number=2007US-12597700|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:WARE, DEBORAH K|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1651|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: 25907-0002US1 / AJ/BR:BR:|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 94138|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=No|Event publication date=2009-10-26|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2009-10-26|Event code=US/APE|Event group=Corrections|Preliminary amendments|Event publication date=2010-02-04|Event code=US/M905|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of DO/EO Missing Requirements Mailed|Event publication date=2010-05-12|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2010-05-12|Event code=US/M903|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of DO/EO Acceptance Mailed|Event publication date=2010-08-19|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20100210005|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2010-08-19|Standardized publication number=US20100210005|Event publication date=2010-08-19|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2010-09-03|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignors:FERGUSON JONES, IAN STANLEY;RODGERS, WILLIAM;WHEEN, ROBERT JOHN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100630 TO 20100729|Reel/frame:024937/0625|OWNER:OCEAN NOURISHMENT CORPORATION PTY LIMITED, AUSTRAL|Event publication date=2011-08-19|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2011-08-20|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2012-10-01|Event code=US/RESTREQ|Event group=Examination events Corrections OAO|Restriction/Election Requirement|Event publication date=2012-11-13|Event code=US/ELC|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response to Election / Restriction Filed|Event publication date=2013-01-15|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2013-01-22|Event code=US/102NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 102 - non-novel subject matter in claims|RJD=2013-01-22|R4R=102b|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-7|RJCT=US5992089|Event publication date=2013-01-22|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2013-01-22|R4R=103a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 20 and 22|RJCT=WO200624070|Event publication date=2013-01-22|Event code=US/DBLNF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection - Double Patenting|RJD=2013-01-22|R4R=DBL|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-7; 1, 11-12, 20 and 22|RJCT=US5992089|RJCT=2008US-12672840|RJCT=2010US-12760737|RJCT=US8728755|RJCT=US20100218507|Event publication date=2013-06-21|Event code=US/CTNFR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Non-Final Action|Event publication date=2013-06-21|Event code=US/136G|Event group=OAO|Request for Extension of Time - Granted|Event publication date=2013-09-21|Event code=US/CTFR|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Final Rejection|Event publication date=2013-09-26|Event code=US/103FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2013-09-26|R4R=103a|RJST=final|Rejected claims 22|RJCT=WO200624070|Event publication date=2013-09-26|Event code=US/DBLFR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection - Double Patenting|RJD=2013-09-26|R4R=DBL|RJST=final|Rejected claims 22|RJCT=2008US-12672840|Event publication date=2013-10-15|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2014-01-13|Event code=US/INVSUM|Event group=Examination events OAI INT|Interview Summary- Applicant Initiated|Event publication date=2014-01-14|Event code=US/CTFAR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Final Action|Event publication date=2014-01-14|Event code=US/136G|Event group=OAO|Request for Extension of Time - Granted|Event publication date=2014-01-24|Event code=US/EXET|Event group=Examination events OAO INT|Interview Summary - Examiner Initiated - telephonic|Event publication date=2014-01-24|Event code=US/EXIE|Event group=Examination events OAO INT|Interview Summary - Examiner Initiated|Event publication date=2014-02-03|Event code=US/NOAV|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed|Event publication date=2014-02-06|Event code=US/NOAM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|Mail Notice of Allowance|Event publication date=2014-05-05|Event code=US/NOARR|Event group=Examination events|Response to Reasons for Allowance|Event publication date=2014-05-05|Event code=US/N084|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Issue Fee Payment Verified|Event publication date=2014-05-05|Event code=US/IFEE|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Issue Fee Payment Received|Event publication date=2014-05-13|Event code=US/APRDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application Is Considered Ready for Issue|Event publication date=2014-05-28|Event code=US/PAT|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patented Case|Event publication date=2014-05-28|Event code=US/ISSM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO Restitution or restoration|Issue Notification Mailed|Event publication date=2014-06-17|Event code=US/B2|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent as second publication|Publication country=US|Publication number=US08753863|Publication stage code=B2|Publication date=2014-06-17|Standardized publication number=US8753863|Event publication date=2014-06-17|Event code=US/354|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Extension of term of duration of protection|Patent term extended under 35 U.S.C 154(b) until/for|Extension Type=PTA|Delays (A,B,C): 1251 Overlap Delays: 0 Non Overlap Delays: 0|PTO Office Delays: 0 Applicant Delays: 79 Adjustment total: |Number of days of extension=1172|Event publication date=2014-06-17|Event code=US/PTA36|Event group=Extension of term of duration of protection|PTA 36 Months|Action Recorded:|RECD=2014-06-17|Event publication date=2015-02-11|Event code=US/PISSCCC|Event group=Event indicating In Force Corrections|Post Issue Communication - Certificate of Correction|Event publication date=2017-06-27|Event code=US/NMFP|Event group=Payment or non-payment 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date=2010-10-27|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOAU2007000872|Application date=2007-06-22|Standardized application number=2007WO-AU00872|Event publication date=2008-11-06|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2008131472|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2008-11-06|Standardized publication number=WO2008131472|Event publication date=2008-12-04|Event code=WO/DPE2|Event group=Examination events|Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)|Event publication date=2010-10-27|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR AU2007352235|Actual or expected expiration 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group=Entry into national phase|Wipo information: entry into national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=US|Event publication date=2021-12-08|Event code=US/STCHG|Patent Status changed by the national office|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=US|(CN101742902)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN101742902|Actual or expected expiration date=2015-11-04|Legal state=DEAD|Status=REVOKED|Event publication date=2007-06-22|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN200780053200|Application date=2007-06-22|Standardized application number=2007CN-80053200|Event publication date=2010-06-16|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN101742902|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2010-06-16|Standardized publication number=CN101742902|Event publication date=2010-06-16|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication 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indicating In Force|Patent proceeded by OPI|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU2007352235|Publication stage code=B2|Publication date=2012-10-04|Standardized publication number=AU2007352235|Event publication date=2013-01-31|Event code=AU/FGA|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR IN6784/DELNP/2009|Actual or expected expiration date=2020-06-18|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2009-10-22|Event code=IN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=IN IN6784/DELNP/2009|Application date=2009-10-22|Standardized application number=2009IN-DN06784|Event publication date=2010-06-18|Event code=IN/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application laid open|Publication country=IN|Publication number=IN6784/DELNP/2009|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2010-06-18|Standardized publication number=IN2009DN06784|Event publication date=2020-06-18|Event code=IN/EEDL|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Pending application likely abandoned | (EP2141980)|Contracting States: DE, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, GB, IE, EE, CH, MT, IS, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, LI, RO, NL, TR|(WO2008/131472)|ARIPO: GH, GM, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2008/131472)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2008/131472)|EPO: DE, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, GB, IE, EE, CH, MT, IS, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2008/131472)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2008/131472)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, BH, JP, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PG, PH, PL | (EP2141980)|EP; DE; FR; GB; NL|(US8753863)|US|(WO2008/131472)|AU; EP; US|(AU2007352235)|AU | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=EVho024Sjd8IXdWMQI/jn2kyFX8ClgOuNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://register.epo.org/application?number=EP07719111 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=fH%252F2QJn1ro%252FVNtz%252BuaPnF3fDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | AU | (WO2008/131472)|AU | (WO2008/131472)|NAME=OCEAN NOURISHMENT CORPORATION PTY LIMITED Suite 18, Upper Deck, Jones Bay Wharf, 26-32 Pirrama Road, Pyrmont, NSW 2009 , COUNTRY=AU | (EP2141980)|FI|(EP2141980)|FI|(EP2141980)|FI||(US20100210005)|US|(WO2008/131472)|AU||(AU2007352235)|AU | (EP2141980)|NAME=Kolster Oy Ab;Iso Roobertinkatu 23 PO Box 148 , CITY=00121 Helsinki , COUNTRY=FI , REG=101363959|(EP2141980)|NAME=Friman, Tea Marika;Kolster OY AB Iso Roobertinkatu 23 P.O. Box 148 , CITY=00121 Helsinki , COUNTRY=FI , REG=101298763|(EP2141980)|NAME=Lax, Monica Ingeborg;Kolster Oy Ab Iso Roobertinkatu 23 P.O. Box 148 , CITY=00121 Helsinki , COUNTRY=FI , REG=00082071|(US8753863)|NAME=Fish & Richardson P.C.|(US20100210005)|NAME=FISH & RICHARDSON PC P.O. BOX 1022 , CITY=MINNEAPOLIS , STATE=MN , POSTCODE=55440-1022 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2008/131472)|NAME=GRIFFITH HACK Level 29, Northpoint, 100 Miller Street, North Sydney, New South Wales 2060 , COUNTRY=AU|(CN101742902)|NAME=WEI DONG;SHANGHAI PATENT & TRADEMARK LAW OFFICE, LLC , REG=31100NAME=ZHANG JING;SHANGHAI PATENT & TRADEMARK LAW OFFICE, LLC , REG=31100|(AU2007352235)|NAME=Griffith Hack Level 29, Northpoint 100 Miller Street , CITY=North Sydney , STATE=NSW , POSTCODE=2060 , COUNTRY=AU | (EP2141980)|AU; AU; AU; AU|(EP2141980)|AU; AU; AU; AU|(EP2141980)|AU; AU; AU; AU|(US8753863)|AU; AU; AU; AU|(US20100210005)|AU; AU; AU; AU|(WO2008/131472)|AU; AU; AU; AU||||(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|AU; AU; AU; AU | (EP2141980)|NAME=JONES, Ian, Stanley, Ferguson 2/42 Lombard Street, CITY=Glebe, New South Wales 2037, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=RODGERS, William 7/15 Clovelly Road, CITY=Randwick, New South Wales 2031, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=WHEEN, Robert, John 25 Allenby Park Parade, CITY=Allambie Heights, New South Wales 2100, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=JUDD, Bruce, Joseph 28 Cliffbrook Parade, CITY=Clovelly, New South Wales 2035, COUNTRY=AU|(EP2141980)|NAME=JONES, Ian, Stanley, Ferguson 2/42 Lombard Street, CITY=Glebe, New South Wales 2037, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=RODGERS, William 7/15 Clovelly Road, CITY=Randwick, New South Wales 2031, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=WHEEN, Robert, John 25 Allenby Park Parade, CITY=Allambie Heights, New South Wales 2100, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=JUDD, Bruce, Joseph 28 Cliffbrook Parade, CITY=Clovelly, New South Wales 2035, COUNTRY=AU|(EP2141980)|NAME=JONES, Ian, Stanley, Ferguson 2/42 Lombard Street, CITY=Glebe, New South Wales 2037, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=RODGERS, William 7/15 Clovelly Road, CITY=Randwick, New South Wales 2031, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=WHEEN, Robert, John 25 Allenby Park Parade, CITY=Allambie Heights, New South Wales 2100, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=JUDD, Bruce, Joseph 28 Cliffbrook Parade, CITY=Clovelly, New South Wales 2035, COUNTRY=AU|(US8753863)|NAME=Jones Ian Stanley Ferguson, CITY=New South Wales, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=Rodgers William, CITY=New South Wales, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=Wheen Robert John, CITY=New South Wales, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=Judd Bruce Joseph, CITY=New South Wales, COUNTRY=AU|(US20100210005)|NAME=Ferguson Jones Ian Stanley, CITY=New South Wales, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=Rodgers William, CITY=New South Wales, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=Wheen Robert John, CITY=New South Wales, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=Judd Bruce Joseph, CITY=New South Wales, COUNTRY=AU|(WO2008/131472)|NAME=JONES, Ian, Stanley, Ferguson 2/42 Lombard Street, Glebe, New South Wales 2037, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=RODGERS, William 7/15 Clovelly Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=WHEEN, Robert, John 25 Allenby Park Parade, Allambie Heights, New South Wales 2100, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=JUDD, Bruce, Joseph 28 Cliffbrook Parade, Clovelly, New South Wales 2035, COUNTRY=AU|(CN101742902)|NAME=JONES IAN STANLEY FERGUSON|NAME=RODGERS WILLIAM|NAME=WHEEN ROBERT JOHN|NAME=JUDD BRUCE JOSEPH|(AU2007352235)|NAME=Rodgers, William|NAME=Judd, Bruce Joseph|NAME=Wheen, Robert John|NAME=Jones, Ian Stanley Ferguson|(AU2007352235)|NAME=BRUCE JOSEPH JUDD|NAME=WILLIAM RODGERS|NAME=IAN STANLEY FERGUSON JONES|NAME=ROBERT JOHN WHEEN|(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|NAME=JONES IAN STANLEY FERGUSON, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=RODGERS WILLIAM, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=WHEEN ROBERT JOHN, COUNTRY=AU |NAME=JUDD BRUCE JOSEPH, COUNTRY=AU | Titre: (EP2141980)|Carbon dioxide sequestration using a floating vessel Résumé: (EP2141980)|Disclosed is a method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The method comprises the step of delivering urea from a floating vessel to a region of a photic zone of the ocean, whereby the number of phytoplankton is caused to increase in the region upon addition of the urea. The method can be used for producing carbon cells. | 47.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The article describes a method for increasing phytoplankton growth in the ocean through nutrient addition (urea), which aligns with the goals of ocean iron fertilization for enhancing CO₂ uptake and carbon sequestration. | 12.0 | 7.0 | (WO2008/131472)|2||(EP2141980)|1|(US8753863)|2|(AU2007352235)|3|(CN101742902)|2 | (WO2008/131472)|18||(EP2141980)|7|(US8753863)|18|(AU2007352235)|18|(CN101742902)|18 | (EP2141980)|8|||(US8753863)|20|(US20100210005)|24|(WO2008/131472)|20|(CN101742902)|20|(AU2007352235)|20 | 1.0 | 28.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 6.0 | (EP2141980)|WO2008/131472|(US8753863)|WO2008/131472|(CN101742902)|WO2008/131472|(AU2007352235)|WO2008/131472|(IN6784/DELNP/2009)|WO2008/131472 | (EP2141980)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Primary examiner: Schlichting, N||Primary examiner: Schlichting, N||Primary examiner: Schlichting, N||(US8753863)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,16|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Extended under 35 USC 154(b) the following days: EXTD=1172|Primary examiner: Ware Debbie K|Art Unit.: ART =1651||(US20100210005)|Number of Claims: NCL=24|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,15,21|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=3|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Ware Debbie K|Art Unit.: ART =1651||(WO2008/131472)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(CN101742902)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2010-06-16|Gazette number: GAZNUM=26-24|Substantial examination effective date: 20100901|Number of Pages: NPAGES=7||(AU2007352235)|Number of Claims: NCL=20| | (US8753863)|Previous publication: US20100210005 A1 2010-08-19 [US20100210005] | (EP2141980)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (EP2141980)|Patent|(US8753863)|Patent|(EP2141980)|Patent|(AU2007352235)|Patent|(US20100210005)|Patent|(IN2009DN06784)|Patent|(CN101742902)|Patent|(EP2141980)|Patent|(AU2007352235)|Patent|(WO2008131472)|Patent | ||||||||||||||
| 58 | CN202410980511 | CN202410980511 | CN118669098|CN118669098 | 111508674 | CN118669098 B 2024-12-17 [CN118669098B]|CN118669098 A 2024-09-20 [CN118669098] | 2024-07-22 | 2024-07-22 | 2024-12-17|2024-09-20 | (CN118669098B)|2024-12-17 | (CN118669098)|2044-07-22 | (CN118669098)|Deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method | (CN118669098)|The invention discloses a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system. The system comprises an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe column gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and production and injection system and a seabed leakage real-time monitoring system. The stratum drilling and injection system comprises an all-dimensional whipstock, a double-layer expansion type packer, a core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump, a jet flow cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool and a hydrate drill bit. The deep sea natural gas hydrate is mined by combining a solid fluidization method, a depressurization method, a replacement method and other methods, the advantages of all the methods are effectively utilized, and the mining efficiency and yield are improved; supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing is adopted, the contact area of carbon dioxide and a hydrate ore body is increased, and the mining and carbon sequestration efficiency and safety are improved; carbon fixation of carbon dioxide in a hydrate form is achieved, and higher stability is achieved; meanwhile, real-time monitoring of mining and carbon sequestration areas is achieved, and the operation safety is effectively improved. | SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY | (CN118669098)|SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY ([CN])|(CN118669098)|SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY ([CN]) | TANG YANG|GU QING|LI ZHONG|ZHANG YULIN|JIANG XIAOHUI|ZHANG LIEHUI|WANG GUORONG|ZHAO PENG|HE YUFA|LI QINGPING|PANG WEIXIN|XUE YONGZHI|GE YANG | (CN118669098)|TANG YANG|GU QING|LI ZHONG|ZHANG YULIN|JIANG XIAOHUI|ZHANG LIEHUI|WANG GUORONG|ZHAO PENG|HE YUFA|LI QINGPING|PANG WEIXIN|XUE YONGZHI|GE YANG|(CN118669098)|TANG YANG|GU QING|LI ZHONG|ZHANG YULIN|JIANG XIAOHUI|ZHANG LIEHUI|WANG GUORONG|ZHAO PENG|HE YUFA|LI QINGPING|PANG WEIXIN|XUE YONGZHI|GE YANG | (CN118669098)|Generation wave;CHENGDU XINJIE TONGCHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 51323 | (CN118669098)|(3) The exploitation of the natural gas hydrate is combined with the carbon sequestration, and the carbon dioxide is buried in the form of the solid hydrate, so that the method has the double advantages of large buried quantity and high safety, reduces the engineering practice cost of the carbon sequestration, and simultaneously prevents geological disasters such as submarine geological landslide, collapse and the like after the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate.|It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments.|Natural gas hydrate is one of unconventional natural gas resources which are not developed at present and have the greatest resource potential, and compared with the traditional oil and gas reservoirs, the safe and efficient development has great challenges.|(1) The existing single exploitation method of the natural gas hydrate has some problems, such as low efficiency, high cost, short gas production period, difficulty in meeting the requirements of large-scale and commercial exploitation, such as long displacement time, small displacement contact area and low efficiency of carbon dioxide displacement exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, low single yield and low economic benefit in the process of exploiting the natural gas hydrate by solid fluidization, and the natural gas hydrate is exploited by a depressurization method, so that the natural gas hydrate is decomposed into heat absorption, and can be secondarily generated or is frozen to cause the formation water to cause the reduction of the permeability of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, the propagation speed of pressure drop in the stratum is low, and the gas production speed of the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate is influenced.|In addition, the decomposition and extraction of natural gas hydrate can also cause the change of the mechanical properties of stratum, so that the engineering and geological problems such as well wall instability, stratum collapse, seabed landslide, tsunami and the like are caused.|Related studies have shown that the cost of these engineering practices is so high that commercialization is difficult to achieve in a short period of time.(4) The deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate is subject to the problem of carbon dioxide leakage after carbon fixation.| | (CN118669098)|1. The deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing integrated system is characterized by comprising an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe column gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and injection system and a submarine leakage real-time monitoring system; The ocean platform injection and production general control system comprises a floating injection and production platform (1) floating on the sea surface, an injection and production operation control terminal (2), an injection and production high-pressure pump set (3), a hydrate pretreatment and storage device (4), a double-layer pipe complete operation device (5), a multifunctional derrick (6), a double-layer pipe injection head (7), a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor set (8) and a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device (9) which are arranged on the floating injection and production platform; The underwater pipe column gathering and transporting and wellhead system comprises a double-layer pipe (10), a marine riser (35), an underwater blowout preventer stack (11) and an open hole packer (12) arranged on a sediment cover layer (14), wherein the head end of the marine riser (35) is arranged on a floating injection and production platform (1), the tail end of the marine riser is arranged on the underwater blowout preventer stack (11), the underwater blowout preventer stack (11) is arranged at a seabed wellhead, the double-layer pipe (10) is arranged in the marine riser (35), the head end of the marine riser stack is arranged on a double-layer pipe complete operation device (5), an inner layer channel is connected with a hydrate pretreatment and storage device (4), the outer layer channel is connected with an injection and production high-pressure pump stack (3), the tail end of the marine riser is connected with a stratum drilling and production and injection system, and the open hole packer (12) is anchored on a sleeve under the underwater blowout preventer stack (11); The stratum drilling and injection system sequentially comprises a double-layer pipe adapter (16), an omnibearing whipstock (17), a double-layer pipe safety joint (18), a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19), a double-layer expansion packer (20), a downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple (21), a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22), a jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool (23), a horizontal downhole tractor (24), a bent screw power drilling tool (25), a near-bit geosteering tool (26) and a hydrate drill bit (27), wherein an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe adapter (16) is communicated with an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe (10), an outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe safety joint (18) is communicated with the outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe adapter (16), the tail end of the double-layer pipe safety joint (18) is connected with the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19), the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19) is connected with the double-layer expansion packer (20), the downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple (21) is connected with the double-layer expansion packer (20), the head end of the downhole warm-pressing and the double-nozzle is connected with the double-layer expansion packer (20), the replaceable core jet pump (24) is connected with the head end of the dual-expansion pump (20), the jet cavity-forming part is connected with the tip of the horizontal well (24) and the jet cavity-forming tool (24), the tip is in communication with a near-bit geosteering tool (26), and the hydrate bit (27) is in communication with the near-bit geosteering tool (26); The submarine leakage real-time monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor (36), a submarine PH value sensor (28), a hydrate leakage detection device (29), a power supply device (30) and a data acquisition and wireless communication device (31), wherein the distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor (36) is arranged in a stratum drilling and injection system and is arranged in a tool string, the submarine PH value sensor (28) and the hydrate leakage detection device (29) are arranged in a sediment cover layer (14), the data acquisition and wireless communication device (31) are connected, monitoring information is transmitted in real time, and the power supply device (30) provides power guarantee for equipment arranged on the seabed. | | (CN118669098)|The invention discloses a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing and storage integrated system which comprises an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe column gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and production and injection system and a submarine leakage real-time monitoring system.|The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration, in particular to a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method.|Therefore, the invention needs to provide a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method, which combines the existing multiple natural gas hydrate exploitation methods, improves the exploitation efficiency and yield of the natural gas hydrate, increases the contact area of carbon dioxide and the natural gas hydrate and the carbon dioxide sequestration space, increases the structural strength of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, improves the exploitation process safety, prevents submarine geological disasters caused after the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, improves the durability and safety of the carbon dioxide sequestration, and reduces the engineering practice cost of the carbon sequestration.| | (CN118669098)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,110)|NATURAL GAS(100,73)|NATURAL GAS HYDRATE(100,69)|EXPLOITATION(100,46)|UNDERWATER BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK(100,8)|STRATUM DRILLING(74,21)|UNDERWATER PIPE COLUMN GATHERING(66,6)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL LANDSLIDE(66,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL DISASTER(63,1)|BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK(62,9)|REPLACEABLE CORE(61,43)|OMNIBEARING WHIPSTOCK(59,12)|OCEAN PLATFORM INJECTION(59,10)|DEPRESSURIZATION EXPLOITATION(56,15)|HYDRATE PRETREATMENT(50,12)|SUBMARINE LEAKAGE(49,7)|OMNIDIRECTIONAL WHIPSTOCK AZIMUTH(49,1)|PIPE COLUMN GATHERING(46,6)|VISUAL MONITORING NIPPLE(45,13)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER ROBOT(45,6)|MARINE RISER(43,9)|MULTIFUNCTIONAL DERRICK(42,6)|HORIZONTAL DOWNHOLE TRACTOR(41,1)|PIPE HYDRAULIC ANCHOR(40,10)|SEABED LANDSLIDE(40,1)|HYDRATE LEAKAGE DETECTION(39,11)|GEOLOGICAL DISASTER(39,1)|HYDRAULIC ANCHOR(35,16)|FLOATING INJECTION(35,14)|MARINE RISER STACK(35,1)|SAFETY JOINT(34,13)|SHUNT NOZZLE(34,12)|SEABED WELLHEAD(34,3)|HYDRATE DECOMPRESSION EXPLOITATION(34,2)|JET CAVITY(33,8)|STRATUM COLLAPSE(33,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(32,3)|HYDRATE DRILL BIT(31,12)|OMNIBEARING HYDRATE(31,7)|SUBMARINE PH(31,6)|INJECTION MULTIFUNCTIONAL TOOL(30,18)|HYDRATE RESERVOIR(30,16)|WELLHEAD(30,13)|JET CAVITY FRACTURING(29,12)|DISPLACEMENT EXPLOITATION(29,4)|WIRELESS COMMUNICATION(28,10)|REPLACEABLE CORE JET PUMP(28,1)|DOUBLE LAYER EXPANSION PACKER(27,21)|LEAKAGE DETECTION(27,11)|NEAR BIT GEOSTEERING TOOL(27,8)|DOUBLE NOZZLE JET PUMP(26,47)|SOLID FLUIDIZATION(25,13)|ENGINEERING(25,4)|DOUBLE LAYER PIPE(24,51)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(24,1)|RESOURCE POTENTIAL(24,1)|SEAWATER RESERVOIR(23,1)|DEPRESSURIZATION(22,4)|TRANSPORTATION(22,4)|HYDRATE ORE(22,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISPLACEMENT EXPLOITATION(22,1)|FLOATING INJECTION PLATFORM(22,1)|HYDRATE CRUSHING(22,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION(22,1)|UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE(22,1)|FRACTURING(21,19)|DRILLING TOOL(21,8)|HYDRATE BIT(21,2)|INSTRUMENT STRING(21,2)|SEABED PH(20,6)|DECOMPOSITION(20,3)|HYDRATE EXPLOITATION(20,3)|ENGINEERING PRACTICE(20,1)|REPLACEABLE CORE PUMP CORE(20,1)|JET PUMP(19,62)|SEABED(19,8)|SEDIMENT COVER LAYER(19,6)|BENT SCREW(19,4)|PERMANENT GEOLOGICAL SEALING(19,3)|COMMERCIALIZATION(19,1)|DUAL EXPANSION PUMP(19,1)|SEQUESTRATION SPACE(19,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE FRACTURING MEDIUM(18,12)|DOWNHOLE(18,8)|AZIMUTH HYDRATE CARBON FIXATION(18,3)|SOLID STATE FLUIDIZATION EXPLOITATION(18,3)|COILED JET PUMP PLATFORM(18,1)|CORE JET PUMP(18,1)|DOUBLE DECK EXPANSION PACKER(18,1)|ENGINEERING PRACTICE COST(18,1)|ADAPTOR(17,7)|PUMPING SEAWATER(17,3)|STRATUM(17,1)|STRATUM MECHANICAL PROPERTY(17,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,13)|DOUBLE DECK PIPE(16,2)|CARBON FIXATION(15,17)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEALING(15,7)|INJECTION HEAD(15,7)|OPTICAL FIBER DISTRIBUTION(15,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION(15,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION SPACE(15,1)|TSUNAMI(15,1)|DOUBLE LAYER(14,63)|CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENT(14,13)|DRILL BIT(14,12)|FRACTURE NETWORK(14,4)|REPLACEMENT LIFTING(14,3)|SOLID HYDRATE(14,2)|OUTER PIPE(13,11)|RESERVOIR(13,5)|MONITORING INFORMATION(13,3)|OPEN HOLE PACKER(13,3)|OMNIBEARING WHIPSTOCK AZIMUTH(13,2)|SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION(13,2)|GUIDING TOOL(13,1)|NATURAL GAS RESOURCE(13,1)|SINGLE EXPLOITATION(13,1)|OUTER LAYER(12,21)|PRODUCTION PLATFORM(12,14)|INNER PIPE(12,7)|PACKER(12,7)|GUARANTEE(12,3)|INJECTION REPLACEMENT(12,3)|LEAKAGE MONITORING EQUIPMENT(12,3)|DURABILITY(12,2)|MARINE RISER TAIL END(12,2)|OUTER LAYER PASSAGEWAY(12,2)|STRUCTURAL STRENGTH(12,2)|TRAJECTORY(12,2)|SAFE(12,1)|DOUBLE LAYER PIPE ADAPTOR(11,8)|UNDERWATER BLOWOUT PREVENTER(11,4)|MONITORING NETWORK(11,3)|UNLOCKED DOUBLE NOZZLE PUMP(11,3)|LARGE SCALE EXPLOITATION REQUIREMENT(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEAKAGE(10,3)|FLOATING(10,3)|RUNNING TOOL(10,3)|SEQUESTERING AREA(10,1)|INNER LAYER CHANNEL(9,11)|DATA ACQUISITION(9,10)|PRODUCTION MASTER CONTROL(9,5)|DOWNHOLE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE(9,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE MONITORING LEAKAGE(9,3)|TRANSFORMATION(9,2)|DOUBLE JET PUMP(9,1)|DRILLING PLATFORM(9,1)|EXPLOITATION PROCESS SAFETY(9,1)|LARGE SCALE EXPLOITATION(9,1)|SHUNT FUNCTION(9,1)|SVII(9,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE REPLACEMENT(8,4)|DEBUGGING(8,3)|EXPLOITATION OPERATION(8,3)|DIRECTIONAL DRILLING(8,2)|HYDRATE STORAGE LAYER(8,2)|GAS RESERVOIR(8,1)|MECHANICAL PROPERTY(8,1)|PROPAGATION SPEED(8,1)|SII(8,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE(7,15)|WATER ISOLATION PIPE(7,13)|PIPE COMPLETE OPERATION(7,5)|COVERAGE(7,3)|HORIZONTAL WELL TIP(7,1)|OUTER DOUBLE CHANNEL(7,1)|SINGLE YIELD(7,1)|PRODUCTION OPERATION(6,16)|POWER SUPPLY(6,10)|REALTIME MONITORING(6,7)|TEMPERATURE SENSOR(6,7)|NATURAL GAS REPLACEMENT(6,6)|OUTER LAYER CHANNEL(6,4)|ANNULAR SPACE(6,3)|COMPRESSOR SET(6,3)|P19A(6,3)|DRILL PIPE(6,2)|360 DEGREE STEERING(6,1)|CARBON FIXATION AREA(6,1)|DISPLACEMENT CONTACT AREA(6,1)|DOWNHOLE HEAD END(6,1)|GAS PRODUCTION(6,1)|GAS PRODUCTION PERIOD(6,1)|HEAT ABSORPTION(6,1)|HYDRATE DECOMPRESSION MINING(6,1)|HYDRATE LEAKAGE DETECTING DEVICE(6,1)|JET PIPE(6,1)|SOLID FLUIDIZATION OPERATION(6,1)|SUBMARINE ECOSYSTEM DAMAGE(6,1)|WELL WALL INSTABILITY(6,1)|INJECTION SYSTEM(5,19)|SINGLE JET NOZZLE(5,5)|CONTACT AREA(5,4)|DRILL ROD(5,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRESSOR SET(5,3)|HORIZONTAL WELL DOWNHOLE TRACTOR(5,3)|FRACTURED HYDRATE CAVITY(5,1)|REPLACEABLE CORE THROAT(5,1)|ALL ROUND HYDRATE EXPLOITATION(4,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONTACT AREA(4,3)|HORIZONTAL WELL(4,3)|INSTALLATION OPERATION(4,3)|HORIZONTAL SECTION DRILLING(4,2)|OPERATION SAFETY(4,2)|UNLOCKING PUMP CORE(4,2)|BIT GEOSTEERING TOOL(4,1)|DETECTING LEAKAGE(4,1)|FORMATION WATER(4,1)|HORIZONTAL POSITION(4,1)|HYDRATE RESERVOIR FRACTURING(4,1)|INJECTION SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|INNER PRESSURE(4,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(4,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(4,1)|OUTER RING SPACE SEALING(4,1)|OUTSIDE PRESSURE(4,1)|PRESSURE DROP(4,1)|PRESSURE DROP PROPAGATION SPEED(4,1)|RESERVOIR INSTABILITY(4,1)|SHORT GAS PRODUCTION PERIOD(4,1)|SUBMARINE DRILLING(4,1)|SUBSEA SEDIMENT(4,1)|SUCKING HYDRATE(4,1)|TRIAL EXPLOITATION WORK(4,1)|WEAK CEMENTATION(4,1)|STORAGE DEVICE(3,25)|TAIL END(3,12)|LONG TERM MONITORING(3,3)|DIVERSION(3,2)|INJECTION OPERATION(3,2)|POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(3,2)|2201 THROAT PIPE(3,1)|2203 SPLIT NOZZLE(3,1)|BROKEN HYDRATE SLURRY(3,1)|DEDICATED FACILITY(3,1)||(CN118669098)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,111)|NATURAL GAS(100,66)|NATURAL GAS HYDRATE(100,65)|EXPLOITATION(100,42)|UNDERWATER BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK(100,8)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEAL(100,2)|INTEGRATION(100,2)|STRATUM DRILLING(80,21)|UNDERWATER PIPE COLUMN GATHERING(76,7)|OCEAN PLATFORM INJECTION(68,10)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL LANDSLIDE(66,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL DISASTER(65,1)|BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK(64,8)|DEPRESSURIZATION EXPLOITATION(61,18)|OMNIBEARING WHIPSTOCK(59,12)|SUBMARINE LEAKAGE(59,7)|REPLACEABLE CORE(55,38)|PIPE COLUMN GATHERING(53,7)|HYDRATE PRETREATMENT(49,12)|OMNIDIRECTIONAL WHIPSTOCK AZIMUTH(49,1)|VISUAL MONITORING NIPPLE(48,16)|PIPE HYDRAULIC ANCHOR(48,8)|AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER ROBOT(45,6)|HYDRATE LEAKAGE DETECTION(44,12)|MARINE RISER(43,9)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(42,7)|MULTIFUNCTIONAL DERRICK(42,6)|HORIZONTAL DOWNHOLE TRACTOR(41,1)|SEABED LANDSLIDE(40,1)|INJECTION MULTIFUNCTIONAL TOOL(39,20)|GEOLOGICAL DISASTER(39,1)|FLOATING INJECTION(38,14)|JET CAVITY(36,9)|JET CAVITY FRACTURING(35,13)|WELLHEAD(35,10)|MARINE RISER STACK(35,1)|SAFETY JOINT(34,12)|SEABED WELLHEAD(34,3)|STRATUM COLLAPSE(33,1)|HYDRAULIC ANCHOR(31,16)|OMNIBEARING HYDRATE(31,7)|SUBMARINE PH(31,6)|SHUNT NOZZLE(30,11)|NEAR BIT GEOSTEERING TOOL(30,8)|HYDRATE BIT(30,4)|LEAKAGE DETECTION(29,13)|DOUBLE LAYER EXPANSION PACKER(28,19)|SOLID FLUIDIZATION(28,13)|WIRELESS COMMUNICATION(28,10)|ENGINEERING PRACTICE(28,2)|REPLACEABLE CORE JET PUMP(28,1)|DOUBLE LAYER PIPE(25,50)|HYDRATE DRILL BIT(25,9)|FRACTURING(24,19)|SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE(24,17)|DEPRESSURIZATION(24,7)|DECOMPRESSION EXPLOITATION(24,3)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(24,1)|RESOURCE POTENTIAL(24,1)|FRACTURED HYDRATE CAVITY(23,2)|SVIII MONITORING LEAKAGE(22,3)|SEAWATER INJECTION(22,1)|UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE(22,1)|DOUBLE NOZZLE JET PUMP(21,38)|HYDRATE ORE(21,2)|INSTRUMENT STRING(21,2)|DRILLING TOOL(20,10)|SEABED PH(20,6)|ENGINEERING(20,3)|HYDRATE EXPLOITATION(20,3)|EXPLOITATION SAFETY(20,2)|REPLACEABLE CORE PUMP CORE(20,1)|TRANSPORTATION(20,1)|JET PUMP(19,59)|SEDIMENT COVER LAYER(19,6)|COMMERCIALIZATION(19,1)|DUAL EXPANSION PUMP(19,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE FRACTURING MEDIUM(18,12)|SEABED(18,9)|DOWNHOLE(18,8)|AZIMUTH HYDRATE CARBON FIXATION(18,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEALING(18,3)|PRESSURIZED SEAWATER(18,3)|BROKEN SEAWATER(18,1)|CORE JET PUMP(18,1)|ENGINEERING PRACTICE COST(18,1)|BENT SCREW(17,6)|HYDRATE RESERVOIR FRACTURING(17,3)|PERMEABILITY(17,1)|STRATUM MECHANICAL PROPERTY(17,1)|CARBON FIXATION(16,22)|DISPLACEMENT EXPLOITATION(16,3)|DOUBLE LAYER(15,74)|HYDRATE(15,15)|INJECTION HEAD(15,7)|DOUBLE LAYER PIPE ADAPTOR(15,6)|OPTICAL FIBER DISTRIBUTION(15,6)|UNLOCKING PUMP CORE(15,3)|CARBON SEALING(15,1)|EXPLOITATION PROCESS SAFETY(15,1)|TSUNAMI(15,1)|OUTER LAYER(14,19)|CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENT(14,13)|PACKER(14,12)|RESERVOIR(14,8)|FRACTURE NETWORK(14,4)|SOLID HYDRATE(14,2)|PRODUCTION PLATFORM(13,15)|OUTER PIPE(13,12)|ADAPTOR(13,9)|MONITORING INFORMATION(13,3)|OPEN HOLE PACKER(13,3)|DECOMPOSITION(13,2)|OMNIBEARING WHIPSTOCK AZIMUTH(13,2)|PRESET TRACK(13,2)|NATURAL GAS RESOURCE(13,1)|SINGLE EXPLOITATION(13,1)|DRILL BIT(12,9)|INNER PIPE(12,7)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(12,6)|DISPLACEMENT LIFTING(12,3)|GUARANTEE(12,3)|INJECTION SUBSTITUTION(12,3)|DURABILITY(12,2)|MARINE RISER TAIL END(12,2)|STRUCTURAL STRENGTH(12,2)|SAFE(12,1)|UNDERGROUND(12,1)|PRODUCTION MASTER CONTROL(11,4)|UNDERWATER BLOWOUT PREVENTER(11,4)|FLOATING(11,3)|MONITORING NETWORK(11,3)|NATURAL GAS EXPLOITATION(11,3)|DECOMPOSITION GAS PRODUCTION(11,1)|LARGE SCALE EXPLOITATION REQUIREMENT(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE LEAKAGE(10,3)|INJECTION SEALING(10,3)|OUTER RING EMPTY PACKING(10,1)|SEDIMENT POINT(10,1)|INNER LAYER CHANNEL(9,11)|DATA ACQUISITION(9,10)|DOWNHOLE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE(9,4)|REPLACEABLE CORE OUTER CHANNEL(9,3)|DEBLOCKING(9,2)|PERMANENT GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(9,2)|SEALING SPACE(9,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON FIXATION(9,1)|INTEGRATED NATURAL GAS HYDRATE(9,1)|LARGE SCALE EXPLOITATION(9,1)|PRESSURE REDUCTION(9,1)|REPLACEABLE CORE JET FLOW(9,1)|SEAWATER JET FLOW(9,1)|PRODUCTION OPERATION(8,13)|NATURAL GAS REPLACEMENT(8,9)|REALTIME MONITORING(8,9)|DRILL ROD(8,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE REPLACEMENT(8,3)|DEBUGGING(8,3)|EXPLOITATION(8,3)|INJECTION MEDIUM(8,3)|DIRECTIONAL DRILLING(8,2)|FLOATING TYPE COILED PLATFORM(8,1)|GAS RESERVOIR(8,1)|MECHANICAL PROPERTY(8,1)|PROPAGATION SPEED(8,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE(7,15)|WATER ISOLATION PIPE(7,13)|PIPE COMPLETE OPERATION(7,5)|COVERAGE(7,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEALING SPACE(7,2)|HORIZONTAL WELL TIP(7,1)|INJECTION SYSTEM(6,21)|POWER SUPPLY(6,10)|TEMPERATURE SENSOR(6,7)|CARBON DIOXIDE(6,4)|OUTER LAYER CHANNEL(6,4)|ANNULAR SPACE(6,3)|DOWN TOOL(6,3)|DOWNHOLE HEAD END(6,1)|GAS PRODUCTION PERIOD(6,1)|HEAT ABSORPTION(6,1)|JET FLOW NOZZLE(6,1)|PRESSURE REDUCTION PROPAGATION SPEED(6,1)|REPLACEMENT CONTACT AREA(6,1)|SOLID FLUIDIZATION OPERATION(6,1)|SUBMARINE ECOSYSTEM DAMAGE(6,1)|WELL WALL INSTABILITY(6,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(5,6)|COMPRESSOR SET(5,5)|SINGLE JET NOZZLE(5,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRESSOR SET(5,4)|CONTACT AREA(5,4)|SEALING AREA(5,4)|HORIZONTAL WELL DOWNHOLE TRACTOR(5,3)|EXPLOITATION OPERATION(5,2)|MONITORING EQUIPMENT INSTALLER(5,1)|REPLACEABLE CORE THROAT(5,1)|REPLACEMENT TIME(5,1)|STORAGE DEVICE(4,26)|HORIZONTAL SECTION DRILLING(4,3)|HORIZONTAL WELL(4,3)|CARBON FIXING AREA(4,2)|PRESET POSITION(4,2)|BIT GEOSTEERING TOOL(4,1)|FLOATING INJECTION PLATFORM(4,1)|FLUIDIZED RESERVOIR(4,1)|FORMATION WATER(4,1)|FRACTURING TRANSFORMATION(4,1)|INJECTION SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(4,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(4,1)|RESERVOIR INSTABILITY(4,1)|SHORT GAS PRODUCTION PERIOD(4,1)|SUBMARINE DRILLING(4,1)|SUBSEA SEDIMENT(4,1)|WEAK CEMENTATION(4,1)|TAIL END(3,12)|INJECTION OPERATION(3,4)|ALL DIMENSIONAL HYDRATE EXPLOITATION(3,3)|LONG TERM MONITORING(3,3)|LEAKAGE MONITORING EQUIPMENT(3,2)|MINING REALTIME MONITORING(3,2)|POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(3,2)|SAFETY ADAPTOR(3,2)| | (CN118669098)|1. The deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing integrated system is characterized by comprising an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe column gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and injection system and a submarine leakage real-time monitoring system;| The ocean platform injection and production general control system comprises a floating injection and production platform (1) floating on the sea surface, an injection and production operation control terminal (2), an injection and production high-pressure pump set (3), a hydrate pretreatment and storage device (4), a double-layer pipe complete operation device (5), a multifunctional derrick (6), a double-layer pipe injection head (7), a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor set (8) and a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device (9) which are arranged on the floating injection and production platform; | The underwater pipe column gathering and transporting and wellhead system comprises a double-layer pipe (10), a marine riser (35), an underwater blowout preventer stack (11) and an open hole packer (12) arranged on a sediment cover layer (14), wherein the head end of the marine riser (35) is arranged on a floating injection and production platform (1), the tail end of the marine riser is arranged on the underwater blowout preventer stack (11), the underwater blowout preventer stack (11) is arranged at a seabed wellhead, the double-layer pipe (10) is arranged in the marine riser (35), the head end of the marine riser stack is arranged on a double-layer pipe complete operation device (5), an inner layer channel is connected with a hydrate pretreatment and storage device (4), the outer layer channel is connected with an injection and production high-pressure pump stack (3), the tail end of the marine riser is connected with a stratum drilling and production and injection system, and the open hole packer (12) is anchored on a sleeve under the underwater blowout preventer stack (11); | The stratum drilling and injection system sequentially comprises a double-layer pipe adapter (16), an omnibearing whipstock (17), a double-layer pipe safety joint (18), a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19), a double-layer expansion packer (20), a downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple (21), a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22), a jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool (23), a horizontal downhole tractor (24), a bent screw power drilling tool (25), a near-bit geosteering tool (26) and a hydrate drill bit (27), wherein an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe adapter (16) is communicated with an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe (10), an outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe safety joint (18) is communicated with the outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe adapter (16), the tail end of the double-layer pipe safety joint (18) is connected with the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19), the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19) is connected with the double-layer expansion packer (20), the downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple (21) is connected with the double-layer expansion packer (20), the head end of the downhole warm-pressing and the double-nozzle is connected with the double-layer expansion packer (20), the replaceable core jet pump (24) is connected with the head end of the dual-expansion pump (20), the jet cavity-forming part is connected with the tip of the horizontal well (24) and the jet cavity-forming tool (24), the tip is in communication with a near-bit geosteering tool (26), and the hydrate bit (27) is in communication with the near-bit geosteering tool (26); | The submarine leakage real-time monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor (36), a submarine PH value sensor (28), a hydrate leakage detection device (29), a power supply device (30) and a data acquisition and wireless communication device (31), wherein the distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor (36) is arranged in a stratum drilling and injection system and is arranged in a tool string, the submarine PH value sensor (28) and the hydrate leakage detection device (29) are arranged in a sediment cover layer (14), the data acquisition and wireless communication device (31) are connected, monitoring information is transmitted in real time, and the power supply device (30) provides power guarantee for equipment arranged on the seabed. |2. The integrated system for exploiting and sealing carbon dioxide of deep sea natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22) comprises a throat (2201), a jet nozzle (2202) and a shunt nozzle (2203), the throat (2201) of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22) is communicated with an inner layer channel of a downhole temperature pressure and visual monitoring nipple (21), the shunt nozzle (2203) is communicated with the inside of a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool (23), and the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22) can replace a double-nozzle structure into a single-jet nozzle (2204) structure by unlocking a pump core.|3. The integrated system for exploiting the hydrate of the natural gas in the deep sea and sealing and storing the carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein an injection and production high-pressure pump set (3) in the ocean platform injection and production master control system is communicated with an annular space between the marine riser (35) and the double-layer pipe (10).|4. The integrated deep sea gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing system according to claim 1, wherein the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19) and the double-layer expanding packer (20) are provided with inner and outer double channels, can realize sitting and unsealing through the change of the flow of the seawater (13), and can realize anchoring and outer ring space sealing in a horizontal open hole section.|5. The integrated deep sea gas hydrate production and carbon dioxide sequestration system of claim 1, wherein the omnibearing whipstock (17) is lowered into the well through a drill pipe and positioned in a hydrate reservoir (15), and guides a hydrate drill bit (27) to perform directional drilling according to a predetermined trajectory and realize 360-degree steering.|6. The integrated system for exploiting and sequestering natural gas hydrate in deep sea according to claim 1, wherein the seabed PH value sensor (28) and the hydrate leakage detecting device (29) are arranged at a plurality of points on the sediment cover layer (14) and form a monitoring network on the seabed, so as to realize coverage monitoring of the sequestering area.|7. The integrated method for exploiting the deep sea natural gas hydrate and sealing the carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:| SI, drilling and solid state fluidization exploitation, which comprises the following steps: | Sa, a running tool, namely running an omnibearing whipstock (17) into a well through a drill rod, and after a hydrate reservoir (15) is positioned, running a double-layer pipe (10), a marine riser (35) and a stratum drilling and production and injection system to the hydrate reservoir (15) together through a multifunctional derrick (6) and a double-layer pipe injection head (7); | Sb, horizontal section drilling, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump set (3) through an injection and production operation control terminal (2), pumping seawater (13) into an outer layer channel of a double-layer pipe (10) by the injection and production high-pressure pump set (3), sequentially passing through a double-layer pipe adapter (16), a double-layer pipe safety joint (18), a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19), a double-layer expansion packer (20), downhole temperature pressure and visual monitoring pup joint (21), entering an outer layer channel of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22) and respectively entering jet nozzles (2202) and a shunt nozzle (2203), enabling seawater (13) after passing through the shunt nozzle (2203) to enter a horizontal well downhole tractor (24), a bent screw power drilling tool (25) and a near-bit geological guiding tool (26) to drive a hydrate drill bit (27) to rotate, enabling the hydrate drill bit (27) to be in a horizontal position of a hydrate storage layer (15), and enabling seawater (13) sprayed out through a jet nozzle (13) to enter a coiled-jet pump platform (2201) at a drilling platform (2201) through a jet pipe drilling fluid-type double-jet pump (2201; | Sc, solid-state fluidization exploitation, control and annotate and adopt the high-pressure pump group (3) to increase the sea water flow through annotating and adopt the operation control terminal (2), annotate and adopt the high-pressure pump group (3) to pump sea water (13) into the outer layer passageway of double-deck pipe (10), high-flow sea water (13) are through double-deck pipe adapter (16), double-deck pipe safety joint (18), double-deck pipe hydraulic anchor (19), double-deck expansion packer (20), the downhole temperature is pressed and visual monitoring nipple (21), can change core double-nozzle jet pump (22) outer layer passageway, sea water (13) after the shunt nozzle (2203) reach jet and make cavity fracturing and inject the multi-functional tool (23), jet make cavity fracturing and inject the multi-functional tool (23) to be radial jet state, high-pressure sea water (13) are through jet nozzle (2301) to carry out hydrate crushing, wherein the hydrate slurry after the broken by the double-deck pipe (2201) is rolled up through the throat (2201) enters the hydrate pretreatment device (4) and the sea water reservoir (4), the system is drilled back into the solid-state fluidization exploitation and the solid-state fluidization exploitation system (33 at the same time; | SII, first depressurization exploitation, specifically include the following steps: | sd, replacing a pump core of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22), namely after the operation of a solid fluidization cavity (33) is completed, controlling seawater (13) to be injected from the inner pipe of a double-layer pipe (10) through an injection operation control terminal (2), unlocking the pump core in the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22), after the pump core is unlocked, injecting the seawater (13) from the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe (10), conveying the unlocked double-nozzle pump core to a floating injection platform (1), after taking out a wellhead, throwing a single-jet nozzle (2204) pump core, injecting seawater (13) from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe (10), conveying the seawater into the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22), and locking the pump, wherein the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22) has no shunt function and has the same function as a conventional jet pump; | Se, hydrate decompression exploitation for the first time, namely injecting seawater (13) from an outer layer pipe of a double-layer pipe (10), and decompressing and exploiting natural gas hydrate by a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22); | SIII, natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing, comprising in particular the following steps: | After depressurization exploitation is completed, controlling supercritical carbon dioxide to be added with sand through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device (9) and a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit (8) through an injection and exploitation operation control terminal (2) to form a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into a natural gas hydrate cavity together from an inner pipe and an outer pipe of a double-layer pipe (10), spraying the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into the natural gas hydrate cavity through a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22) to form a high-pressure environment, simultaneously anchoring a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19) and setting a double-layer expansion packer (20) due to the difference between the inner pressure and the outer pressure, carrying out fracturing transformation on a hydrate reservoir (15) to form a fracturing network (34), and carrying out displacement on natural gas hydrate to a certain extent by carbon dioxide to form a carbon dioxide hydrate solidified natural gas hydrate cavity; | SIV, the second decompression exploitation after fracturing specifically includes the following steps: | Sg, second depressurization exploitation, namely after fracturing is completed, changing an injection medium from a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into seawater (13) through the injection and exploitation operation control terminal (2), injecting the seawater (13) from an outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe (10), performing depressurization exploitation on the seawater (13) through a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22), and pumping the replaced natural gas into a hydrate pretreatment and storage device (4) through the double-layer pipe (10); | SV, displacement exploitation after fracturing, specifically comprising the following steps: | Sh, injection replacement, namely after the depressurization exploitation after fracturing is completed, controlling the injection of supercritical carbon dioxide from the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe (10) through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device (9) and a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit (8) by an injection and production operation control terminal (2), injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into a hydrate cavity after fracturing through the ejection of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22), and closing a well for a period of time; | Si, replacement lifting, namely injecting seawater (13) from an outer layer pipe of a double-layer pipe (10) after the natural gas is replaced, and completing the operation of sucking the replaced natural gas and carbon dioxide mixed gas through a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22); | SVI and carbon dioxide sealing and storing, which specifically comprises the following steps: | Sj, injecting and sealing, namely injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into an inner pipe and an outer pipe of a double-layer pipe (10) through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device (9), a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit (8) after the carbon dioxide replacement method is finished, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into a natural gas hydrate goaf through the ejection of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump (22), forming a carbon dioxide hydrate, and realizing permanent geological sealing of the carbon dioxide; | SVII, all-round hydrate exploitation and carbon sequestration specifically include the following steps: | Sk, after the exploitation and carbon fixation of one azimuth hydrate are finished, unsealing a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor (19) and a double-layer expansion packer (20), recovering a stratum drilling and injection system to a wellhead, and adjusting the azimuth of an omnidirectional whipstock (17); | S l, repeating the steps Sa-Sk to finish the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation of the corresponding point location; | SVIII, monitoring leakage of carbon dioxide and hydrate, specifically comprising the following steps: | Sm, leakage monitoring, namely after the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation operation of the corresponding point location is completed, releasing an autonomous underwater robot (32) through a floating injection and production platform (1), carrying a seabed PH value sensor (28) by the autonomous underwater robot (32), and carrying a hydrate leakage detection device (29), a power supply device (30) and a data acquisition and wireless communication device (31) to a preset position on the seabed to carry out the installation operation of leakage monitoring equipment, and carrying out long-term monitoring after the installation and debugging are completed. | (CN118669098)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration, in particular to a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Natural gas hydrate is one of unconventional natural gas resources which are not developed at present and have the greatest resource potential, and compared with the traditional oil and gas reservoirs, the safe and efficient development has great challenges. The natural gas hydrate resource exploitation mainly comprises the exploitation of natural gas hydrate by breaking the phase state balance of the natural gas hydrate, and the natural gas hydrate exploitation technical method based on the principle mainly comprises a depressurization method, a heat shock method, a chemical potential difference driving method (comprising injection, carbon dioxide replacement and the like), and in addition, solid state fluidization exploitation methods are also provided for students aiming at the characteristics of weak cementation, no compact cover layer and the like of the natural gas hydrate existing in the marine environment of China.|[0003] The deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon sequestration technology refers to a technology of storing carbon dioxide in the form of solid hydrates into the deep sea. This technique typically involves injecting carbon dioxide into the subsea sediment to form stable solid hydrates under specific temperature and pressure conditions, thereby achieving long-term carbon sequestration. The principle of the deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon fixation technology is similar to the formation mechanism of natural gas hydrate, and in the deep sea environment, gas such as methane can be combined with water molecules to form hydrate, and the process is called hydration. Likewise, carbon dioxide can also form hydrates with water molecules under certain conditions. These hydrates are relatively stable in deep sea environments and can sequester carbon dioxide for long periods.|[0004] At present, various methods for exploiting natural gas hydrates are still in a research stage, and only five countries in the world have performed natural gas hydrate trial exploitation work, and a certain distance is left from commercial exploitation. Although research and development of deep-sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon fixation technology have been advanced, the deep-sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon fixation technology is still in a research stage and lacks relevant experience in various countries, and a series of challenges including technical problems, economic cost and the like are still faced in specific engineering implementation. In summary, the methods of natural gas exploitation and deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon fixation have shortcomings, and a plurality of problems need to be solved, and the methods are specifically as follows:|[0005] (1) The existing single exploitation method of the natural gas hydrate has some problems, such as low efficiency, high cost, short gas production period, difficulty in meeting the requirements of large-scale and commercial exploitation, such as long displacement time, small displacement contact area and low efficiency of carbon dioxide displacement exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, low single yield and low economic benefit in the process of exploiting the natural gas hydrate by solid fluidization, and the natural gas hydrate is exploited by a depressurization method, so that the natural gas hydrate is decomposed into heat absorption, and can be secondarily generated or is frozen to cause the formation water to cause the reduction of the permeability of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, the propagation speed of pressure drop in the stratum is low, and the gas production speed of the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate is influenced. |[0006] (2) In the natural gas hydrate exploitation process, the strength of a natural gas hydrate reservoir is reduced due to the decomposition and extraction of the hydrate, and the risk of instability of the reservoir in the natural gas hydrate exploitation process is increased. In addition, the decomposition and extraction of natural gas hydrate can also cause the change of the mechanical properties of stratum, so that the engineering and geological problems such as well wall instability, stratum collapse, seabed landslide, tsunami and the like are caused.|[0007] (3) The cost of carbon sequestration of deep sea carbon dioxide hydrates comes mainly from the construction and maintenance of dedicated facilities. In addition, the steps of site selection, drilling, injection sequestration, etc. also require significant capital investment. Related studies have shown that the cost of these engineering practices is so high that commercialization is difficult to achieve in a short period of time.|[0008] (4) The deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate is subject to the problem of carbon dioxide leakage after carbon fixation. Carbon dioxide leakage can lead to ocean acidification and ecological system destruction, reduce the effectiveness of carbon sequestration, and can pose a threat to human health and ocean resources.|[0009] Therefore, the invention needs to provide a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method, which combines the existing multiple natural gas hydrate exploitation methods, improves the exploitation efficiency and yield of the natural gas hydrate, increases the contact area of carbon dioxide and the natural gas hydrate and the carbon dioxide sequestration space, increases the structural strength of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, improves the exploitation process safety, prevents submarine geological disasters caused after the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, improves the durability and safety of the carbon dioxide sequestration, and reduces the engineering practice cost of the carbon sequestration.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0010] The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method, realizes exploitation of the deep sea natural gas hydrate by combining multiple methods such as a solid state fluidization method, a depressurization method, a replacement method and the like, effectively utilizes the advantages of each method, improves exploitation efficiency and yield, adopts supercritical carbon dioxide jet to make cavities and fracturing, increases the contact area of carbon dioxide and hydrate ore bodies, improves exploitation and carbon sequestration efficiency and safety, realizes carbon sequestration in the form of carbon dioxide hydrate, has higher stability, realizes real-time monitoring of exploitation and carbon sequestration areas, and effectively improves operation safety.|[0011] The invention aims at realizing the technical scheme that the deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing and storage integrated system is characterized by comprising an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe column gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and injection system and a submarine leakage real-time monitoring system;|[0012] The ocean platform injection and production general control system comprises a floating injection and production platform floating on the sea surface, an injection and production operation control terminal, an injection and production high-pressure pump set, a hydrate pretreatment and storage device, a double-layer pipe complete operation device, a multifunctional derrick, a double-layer pipe injection head, a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit and a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device which are arranged on the floating injection and production platform; |[0013] The underwater pipe column gathering, transporting and wellhead system comprises a double-layer pipe, a water isolation pipe, an underwater blowout preventer stack and an open hole packer arranged on a sediment cover layer, wherein the head end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on a floating injection and production platform, the tail end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on the underwater blowout preventer stack, the underwater blowout preventer stack is arranged on a seabed wellhead, the double-layer pipe is arranged in the water isolation pipe, the head end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on a double-layer pipe complete set operation device, an inner layer channel is connected with a hydrate pretreatment and storage device, an outer layer channel is connected with an injection and production high-pressure pump stack, the tail end of the water isolation pipe is connected with a stratum drilling and production and injection system, and the open hole packer is anchored on a sleeve below the underwater blowout preventer stack; |[0014] The stratum drilling and production and injection system sequentially comprises a double-layer pipe adapter, an omnibearing whipstock, a double-layer pipe safety joint, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, a double-layer expansion packer, a downhole temperature-pressure and visual monitoring nipple, a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, a jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool, a horizontal well underground tractor, a bent screw power drilling tool, a near-bit geosteering tool and a hydrate drill bit, wherein an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe adapter is communicated with the inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe, an outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe is communicated with the outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe, the head end of the double-layer pipe safety joint is connected with the double-layer pipe adapter, the tail end of the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor is connected with the double-layer expansion packer, the downhole temperature-pressure and visual monitoring nipple head end of the downhole temperature-pressure and visual monitoring nipple is connected with the double-layer expansion packer, the jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool head end of the jet pump is communicated with the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, the tail end of the jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool is communicated with the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, the tail end of the horizontal well underground power drilling tool is communicated with the near-bit geosteering tool, the bent end of the horizontal well is communicated with the front end of the horizontal well underground power drilling tool and the near-bit. |[0015] The submarine leakage real-time monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor, a submarine PH value sensor, a hydrate leakage detection device, a power supply device and a data acquisition and wireless communication device, wherein the distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor is installed in a stratum drilling and injection system and falls into the stratum drilling and injection system along with a tool pipe string, the submarine PH value sensor and the hydrate leakage detection device are installed in a sediment cover layer, the data acquisition and wireless communication device are connected and transmit monitoring information in real time, and the power supply device provides power guarantee for equipment installed on the seabed.|[0016] The core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump comprises a throat, a jet nozzle and a shunt nozzle, wherein the throat of the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump is communicated with an inner-layer channel of a downhole temperature pressure and visual monitoring nipple, the shunt nozzle is communicated with the inside of a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool, and the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump can replace a double-nozzle structure into a single-jet nozzle structure through an unlocking pump core. And an injection and production high-pressure pump set in the ocean platform injection and production general control system is communicated with the annular space between the water isolation pipe and the double-layer pipe. The double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor and the double-layer expansion packer are provided with an inner layer double channel and an outer layer double channel, sitting and unsetting can be achieved through the change of the flow of seawater, and anchoring and packing can be achieved in a horizontal open hole section. The omnibearing whipstock is put into the well through a drill rod, positioned in a hydrate reservoir and used for guiding a hydrate drill bit to directionally drill according to a preset track. The seabed PH value sensor and the hydrate leakage detection device are arranged in a plurality of points on the sediment cover layer and form a monitoring network on the seabed, so that the coverage monitoring of the sealing area is realized.|[0017] The method for exploiting and sealing the carbon dioxide of the natural gas hydrate of the deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing integrated system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|[0018] SI, drilling and solid state fluidization exploitation, which comprises the following steps: |[0019] Sa, a running tool, namely running the omnibearing whipstock into a well through a drill rod, and after the hydrate reservoir is positioned, running the double-layer pipe, the water-proof pipe and the stratum drilling and injecting system down to the hydrate reservoir together through a multifunctional derrick and a double-layer pipe injection head; |[0020] Sb, horizontal section drilling, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump set through an injection and production operation control terminal, pumping sea water into an outer channel of a double-layer pipe by the injection and production high-pressure pump set, sequentially passing through a double-layer pipe adapter, a double-layer pipe safety joint, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, a double-layer expansion packer, underground warm-pressing and visual monitoring pup joint, entering the outer channel of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, respectively entering jet nozzles and a split nozzle of the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, fracturing the sea water passing through the split nozzle through a jet cavity forming and injecting a multifunctional tool, driving a hydrate drill bit to perform rotary motion after entering a horizontal well underground tractor, a bent screw power drilling tool and a near-bit geosteering tool, horizontally drilling the hydrate drill bit to a preset mining position in a hydrate storage layer, and sucking hydrate slurry at a throat of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump through the double-layer pipe floating type sea water jet pump; |[0021] Sc and solid fluidization exploitation, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump set to increase the flow of seawater through an injection and production operation control terminal, pumping the seawater into an outer channel of a double-layer pipe by an injection and production high-pressure pump set, sequentially passing through a double-layer pipe adapter, a double-layer pipe safety joint, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, a double-layer expansion packer, a downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple and an outer channel of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, wherein the seawater after passing through a split nozzle reaches a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool, the jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool is switched into a radial injection state, the high-pressure seawater is shot to a hydrate reservoir through a jet nozzle to break the hydrate, and hydrate slurry sprayed out by the jet nozzle is sucked and broken through the inner channel of the double-layer pipe to enter a hydrate pretreatment and storage device, and simultaneously dragging a submarine drilling and injection system to complete the solid fluidization cavity creating operation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir. |[0022] SII, first depressurization exploitation, specifically include the following steps:|[0023] Sd, replacing the pump core of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, namely injecting seawater from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe through the control terminal control of the injection and production operation after the solid-state fluidization cavity-making operation is completed, unlocking the pump core in the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, injecting the seawater from the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe after the pump core is unlocked, conveying the unlocked double-nozzle pump core to the floating injection and production platform, throwing the single-jet nozzle pump core into the double-layer pipe after the wellhead is taken out, injecting the seawater from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe, conveying the seawater into the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, and locking the pump, wherein the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump does not have a diversion effect, and the double-nozzle jet pump is changed into a conventional jet pump. |[0024] Se, hydrate decompression exploitation for the first time, namely injecting seawater from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe, and decompressing and exploiting the natural gas hydrate by a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump.|[0025] SIII, natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing, comprising in particular the following steps:|[0026] And Sf, fracturing a hydrate reservoir, namely after depressurization exploitation is completed, controlling supercritical carbon dioxide to be added with sand through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device and a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit through an injection and production operation control terminal to form a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium from an inner pipe and an outer pipe of the double-layer pipe together, spraying the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium from a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump into a natural gas hydrate cavity to form a high-pressure environment, anchoring a hydraulic anchor of the double-layer pipe and setting a double-layer expanding packer due to internal and external pressure difference, fracturing and reforming the hydrate reservoir to form a fracture network, replacing the natural gas hydrate by carbon dioxide to a certain extent, and forming a carbon dioxide hydrate solidified natural gas hydrate cavity. |[0027] SIV, the second decompression exploitation after fracturing specifically includes the following steps:|[0028] Sg, second depressurization exploitation, namely after fracturing is completed, changing an injection medium from a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into seawater through the control terminal of injection and exploitation operation, injecting the seawater from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe, performing depressurization exploitation on the seawater through the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, and pumping the replaced natural gas into the hydrate pretreatment and storage device through the double-layer pipe. |[0029] SV, displacement exploitation after fracturing, specifically comprising the following steps:|[0030] Sh, injection replacement, namely after the depressurization exploitation after fracturing is completed, controlling the injection of supercritical carbon dioxide from the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device and a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit by an injection and production operation control terminal, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into a hydrate cavity after fracturing through the ejection of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, and closing the well for a period of time; |[0031] Si, replacement lifting, namely injecting seawater from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe after the natural gas is replaced, and completing the operation of sucking the replaced natural gas and carbon dioxide mixed gas through a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump. |[0032] SVI and carbon dioxide sealing and storing, which specifically comprises the following steps:|[0033] Sj, injecting and sealing, namely injecting supercritical carbon dioxide from the inner tube and the outer tube of the double-layer tube through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device, a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit after the carbon dioxide replacement method is finished, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into a natural gas hydrate goaf through a core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump to form a carbon dioxide hydrate, and realizing permanent geological sealing of the carbon dioxide. |[0034] SVII, all-round hydrate exploitation and carbon sequestration specifically include the following steps:|[0035] sk, after the exploitation and carbon fixation of one azimuth hydrate are finished, unsealing the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor and the double-layer expansion packer, recovering the stratum drilling and injection system to a wellhead, and adjusting the azimuth of the omnibearing whipstock; |[0036] S l, repeating the steps Sa-Sk to finish the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation of the corresponding point location; |[0037] SVIII, monitoring leakage of carbon dioxide and hydrate, specifically comprising the following steps: |[0038] Sm, leakage monitoring, namely after the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation operation of the corresponding point location is completed, releasing an autonomous underwater robot through a floating injection and production platform, carrying a seabed PH value sensor by the autonomous underwater robot, carrying a hydrate leakage detection device, a power supply device, a data acquisition and wireless communication device to a preset position on the seabed, carrying out the installation operation of leakage monitoring equipment, and carrying out long-term monitoring after the installation and debugging are completed. |[0039] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0040] (1) Compared with the previous single natural gas hydrate exploitation method, the combination of a plurality of natural gas hydrate exploitation methods is provided, the natural gas hydrate exploitation efficiency is improved, and the yield is increased; |[0041] (2) The supercritical carbon dioxide is adopted for fracturing to form a fracture network, so that the contact area and the carbon dioxide sealing space are increased, meanwhile, the supercritical carbon dioxide is adopted to replace surface methane to form carbon dioxide hydrate, and the structural strength of a natural gas hydrate reservoir is improved; |[0042] (3) The exploitation of the natural gas hydrate is combined with the carbon sequestration, and the carbon dioxide is buried in the form of the solid hydrate, so that the method has the double advantages of large buried quantity and high safety, reduces the engineering practice cost of the carbon sequestration, and simultaneously prevents geological disasters such as submarine geological landslide, collapse and the like after the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate. |[0043] (4) The carbon dioxide sealing area is monitored for a long time, so that the durability and the safety of the carbon dioxide sealing are improved, and the damage of a submarine ecosystem caused by carbon dioxide leakage is prevented.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall scheme of the present invention;|[0045] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the solid state fluidization and cavitation structure of the present invention; |[0046] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing structure of the present invention; |[0047] FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of the portion I of FIG. 1; |[0048] FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view of section II of FIG. 2; |[0049] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation of the present invention; |[0050] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an integrated system and method for exploiting and sequestering natural gas hydrates in deep sea in accordance with the present invention; in the figure, a 1-floating type injection and production platform, a 2-injection and production operation control terminal, a 3-injection and production high-pressure pump group, a 4-hydrate pretreatment and storage device, a 5-double-layer pipe complete operation device, a 6-multifunctional derrick, a 7-double-layer pipe injection head, an 8-high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit, a 9-carbon dioxide treatment and storage device, a 10-double-layer pipe, an 11-underwater blowout preventer stack, a 12-naked eye packer, 13-sea water, a 14-silt cover layer, a 15-hydrate storage layer, a 16-double-layer pipe adapter, a 17-omnibearing whipstock, an 18-double-layer pipe safety adapter, a 19-double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor and a 20-double-layer expansion packer, 21-downhole temperature pressure and visual monitoring pup joint, 22-replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, 2201-throat pipe, 2202-jet nozzle, 2203-split nozzle, 2204-single-jet nozzle, 23-jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool, 2301-jet nozzle, 24-horizontal well downhole tractor, 25-bent screw power drill, 26-near bit geosteering tool, 27-hydrate bit, 28-subsea PH value sensor, 29-hydrate leak detection device, 30-power supply device, 31-data acquisition and wireless communication device, 32-autonomous underwater robot, 33-solid state fluidization cavity making, 34-fracture network, 35-riser, 36-distributed fiber optic pressure temperature sensor. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0051] The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the scope of the invention not being limited to the following:|[0052] 1-6, the deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing integrated system is characterized by comprising an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe string gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and injection system and a submarine leakage real-time monitoring system; |[0053] The ocean platform injection and production general control system comprises a floating injection and production platform 1 floating on the sea surface, an injection and production operation control terminal 2, an injection and production high-pressure pump set 3, a hydrate pretreatment and storage device 4, a double-layer pipe complete operation device 5, a multifunctional derrick 6, a double-layer pipe injection head 7, a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor set 8 and a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device 9 which are arranged on the floating injection and production platform; |[0054] The underwater pipe column gathering and transporting and wellhead system comprises a double-layer pipe 10, a water isolation pipe 35, an underwater blowout preventer stack 11 and an open hole packer 12 arranged on a sediment cover layer 14, wherein the head end of the water isolation pipe 35 is arranged on a floating injection and production platform 1, the tail end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on the underwater blowout preventer stack 11, the underwater blowout preventer stack 11 is arranged on a seabed wellhead, the double-layer pipe 10 is arranged in the water isolation pipe 35, the head end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on a double-layer pipe complete operation device 5, an inner layer channel is connected with a hydrate pretreatment and storage device 4, an outer layer channel is connected with an injection and production high-pressure pump stack 3, the tail end of the water isolation pipe is connected with a stratum drilling and production and injection system, and the open hole packer 12 is anchored on a sleeve below the underwater blowout preventer stack 11; |[0055] The stratum drilling and injection system sequentially comprises a double-layer pipe adapter 16, an omnibearing whipstock 17, a double-layer pipe safety joint 18, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19, a double-layer expansion packer 20, a downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple 21, a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23, a horizontal well downhole tractor 24, a curved screw power drilling tool 25, a near-bit geosteering tool 26 and a hydrate drill bit 27, wherein an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe adapter 16 is communicated with an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe 10, an outer layer channel is communicated with an outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe 10, the head end of the double-layer pipe safety joint 18 is connected with the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19, the tail end of the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19 is connected with the double-layer expansion packer 20, the downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple 21 is connected with the double-layer expansion packer 20, a tail end of the jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23 is connected with the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, the head end of the jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23 is connected with the injection multifunctional tool 22, the head end of the jet cavity fracturing and the injection multifunctional tool is communicated with the end of the horizontal well tractor 24, and the near-bit 20 is communicated with the end of the curved screw power drilling tool 24 and the near-bit guide tool is communicated with the end of the horizontal well 20. |[0056] The submarine leakage real-time monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor 36, a submarine PH value sensor 28, a hydrate leakage detection device 29, a power supply device 30 and a data acquisition and wireless communication device 31, wherein the distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor 36 is arranged in a stratum drilling and injection system and is arranged in a tool string, the submarine PH value sensor 28 and the hydrate leakage detection device 29 are arranged in a sediment cover layer 14, the data acquisition and wireless communication device 31 are connected, monitoring information is transmitted in real time, and the power supply device 30 provides power guarantee for equipment arranged on the seabed.|[0057] The core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump 22 comprises a throat 2201, a jet nozzle 2202 and a shunt nozzle 2203, the throat 2201 of the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump 22 is communicated with an inner channel of the underground temperature pressure and visual monitoring nipple 21, the shunt nozzle 2203 is communicated with the inside of the jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23, and the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump 22 can replace a double-nozzle structure into a single-jet nozzle 2204 structure through an unlocking pump core. And an injection and production high-pressure pump set 3 in the ocean platform injection and production general control system is communicated with the annular space between the marine riser 35 and the double-layer pipe 10. The double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19 and the double-layer expansion packer 20 have double channels of an inner layer and an outer layer, can realize sitting and deblocking through the change of the flow of the seawater 13, and can realize anchoring and packing in a horizontal open hole section. The omnibearing whipstock 17 is lowered into the well by a drill pipe and positioned in the hydrate reservoir 15 to guide the hydrate bit 27 to perform directional drilling according to a predetermined trajectory. The seabed PH value sensor 28 and the hydrate leakage detection device 29 are arranged at a plurality of points on the sediment cover layer 14 and form a monitoring network on the seabed, so as to realize coverage monitoring of the sealing area.|[0058] The method for exploiting and sealing carbon dioxide from the deep sea natural gas hydrate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|[0059] SI, drilling and solid state fluidization exploitation, which comprises the following steps: |[0060] Sa, a running tool, namely running the omnibearing whipstock 17 into a well through a drill rod, positioning the hydrate reservoir 15 at a proper depth, and then running the double-layer pipe 10, the marine riser 35 and the stratum drilling and injecting system to the hydrate reservoir 15 together through the multifunctional derrick 6 and the double-layer pipe injection head 7; |[0061] Sb, horizontal drilling, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump group 3 through an injection and production operation control terminal 2, pumping seawater 13 into an outer channel of a double-layer pipe 10 by the injection and production high-pressure pump group 3, sequentially passing through a double-layer pipe adapter 16, a double-layer pipe safety joint 18, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19, a double-layer expanding packer 20, a downhole temperature-pressure and visual monitoring nipple 21, entering an outer channel of a replaceable-core double-nozzle jet pump 22, respectively entering a jet nozzle 2202 and a shunt nozzle 2203 of the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, and driving a hydrate drill bit 27 to rotate after the seawater 13 after passing through the shunt nozzle 2203 enters a horizontal well downhole tractor 24, a bent screw power drill 25 and a near-bit geosteering tool 26 through a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23, wherein the hydrate drill bit 27 horizontally drills to a preset mining position in a hydrate reservoir 2202, and the hydrate slurry is sucked into a floating coiled pipe 1 at a throat 2201 of the replaceable-core double-nozzle jet pump 22 through the double-core double-nozzle 10; |[0062] sc and solid fluidization exploitation, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump set 3 to increase the flow of seawater through an injection and production operation control terminal 2, pumping the seawater 13 into an outer layer channel of a double-layer pipe 10 by the injection and production high-pressure pump set 3, wherein the seawater 13 is pumped into the outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe 10 through a double-layer pipe adapter 16, a double-layer pipe safety joint 18, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19, a double-layer expanding packer 20, a downhole temperature pressure and visual monitoring nipple 21 and an outer layer channel of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22 in sequence as shown by solid arrows, wherein the seawater 13 after passing through a shunt nozzle 2203 reaches a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23, the jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23 is switched into a radial jet state, the high-pressure seawater 13 is sprayed into a hydrate reservoir 15 through a jet nozzle 2301 to break hydrate, the seawater 13 sprayed out of the jet nozzle 2202 is shown by a hollow arrow flow direction, the broken hydrate slurry is sucked into a hydrate pretreatment and storage device 4 through the inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe 10 as shown by a regular hexagon of fig. 4, and simultaneously, and the solid fluidization and natural gas fluidization system is completed by a drilling and fluidization and sea bottom operation reservoir 33. |[0063] SII, first depressurization exploitation, specifically include the following steps:|[0064] Sd, replacing the pump core of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, namely injecting the seawater 13 from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 through the control terminal 2 of the injection and production operation after the operation of the solid-state fluidization cavity making 33 is completed, unlocking the pump core in the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, injecting the seawater 13 from the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 after the pump core is unlocked, conveying the unlocked double-nozzle pump core to the floating injection and production platform 1, throwing the single-jet nozzle 2204 pump core into the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 after the wellhead is taken out, injecting the seawater 13 from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe 10, conveying the seawater 13 into the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22 and completing locking, wherein the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22 does not have a diversion effect, and the double-nozzle jet pump becomes a conventional jet pump. |[0065] Se and hydrate decompression mining for the first time, namely injecting seawater 13 from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10, and performing natural gas hydrate decompression mining through a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22.|[0066] SIII, natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing, comprising in particular the following steps:|[0067] And Sf and hydrate reservoir fracturing, namely after depressurization exploitation is completed, controlling by an injection and production operation control terminal 2 to add sand to supercritical carbon dioxide through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device 9 and a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit 8 to form supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into the natural gas hydrate cavity from the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 together, and spraying the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into the natural gas hydrate cavity from a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22 to form a high-pressure environment as shown by solid arrows in fig. 3, and simultaneously anchoring a hydraulic anchor 19 of the double-layer pipe and setting a double-layer expansion packer 20 due to internal and external pressure difference to perform fracturing transformation on the hydrate reservoir 15, so as to form a fracturing network 34 as shown in fig. 5, wherein carbon dioxide can replace the natural gas hydrate to a certain extent, and form a carbon dioxide hydrate solidified natural gas hydrate cavity. |[0068] SIV, the second decompression exploitation after fracturing specifically includes the following steps:|[0069] sg, second depressurization exploitation, namely after fracturing is completed, the injection medium is controlled by the injection operation control terminal 2 to be changed into seawater 13 from the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium, the seawater 13 is injected from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10, the seawater 13 is subjected to depressurization exploitation through the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, and meanwhile, the replaced natural gas is pumped into the hydrate pretreatment and storage device 4 through the double-layer pipe 10. |[0070] SV, displacement exploitation after fracturing, specifically comprising the following steps:|[0071] sh, injection replacement, namely after the depressurization exploitation after fracturing is completed, injecting supercritical carbon dioxide from the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 through the carbon dioxide treatment and storage device 9 and the high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor set 8 under the control of the injection and production operation control terminal 2, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into a fractured hydrate cavity through the ejection of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, and closing the well for a period of time; |[0072] si, replacement lifting, namely injecting seawater 13 from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 after the natural gas is replaced, and completing the operation of sucking the replaced natural gas and carbon dioxide mixed gas through the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22. |[0073] SVI and carbon dioxide sealing and storing, which specifically comprises the following steps:|[0074] sj, injecting and sealing, namely injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into the inner and outer pipes of the double-layer pipe 10 through the carbon dioxide treatment and storage device 9, the high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit 8 after the carbon dioxide replacement method is finished, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into the natural gas hydrate goaf through the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump 22, forming carbon dioxide hydrate, and realizing permanent geological sealing of the carbon dioxide. |[0075] SVII, all-round hydrate exploitation and carbon sequestration specifically include the following steps:|[0076] Sk, after the exploitation and carbon fixation of one azimuth hydrate are finished, unsealing the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19 and the double-layer expansion packer 20, recovering the stratum drilling and injection system to a wellhead, and adjusting the azimuth of the omnibearing whipstock 17; |[0077] s l, repeating the steps Sa-Sk, and completing the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation of the corresponding point location as shown in figure 6; |[0078] SVIII, monitoring leakage of carbon dioxide and hydrate, specifically comprising the following steps: |[0079] Sm, leakage monitoring, namely after the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation operation of the corresponding point location is completed, releasing an autonomous underwater robot 32 through a floating injection and production platform 1 as shown in figure 1, carrying a seabed PH value sensor 28 by the autonomous underwater robot 32, and carrying a hydrate leakage detection device 29, a power supply device 30, a data acquisition and wireless communication device 31 to a preset position of the seabed to carry out the installation operation of leakage monitoring equipment, and carrying out long-term monitoring after the installation and debugging are completed. |[0080] It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0081] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directions or positional relationships indicated as being "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are directions or positional relationships described based on the drawings are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.|[0082] In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or communicating between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.|[0083] In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.|[0084] It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation, and that other variations or modifications may be made in the various forms based on the above description by those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention. | (CN118669098)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration, in particular to a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Natural gas hydrate is one of unconventional natural gas resources which are not developed at present and have the greatest resource potential, and compared with the traditional oil and gas reservoirs, the safe and efficient development has great challenges. The natural gas hydrate resource exploitation mainly comprises the exploitation of natural gas hydrate by breaking the phase state balance of the natural gas hydrate, and the natural gas hydrate exploitation technical method based on the principle mainly comprises a depressurization method, a heat shock method, a chemical potential difference driving method (comprising injection, carbon dioxide replacement and the like), and in addition, solid state fluidization exploitation methods are also provided for students aiming at the characteristics of weak cementation, no compact cover layer and the like of the natural gas hydrate existing in the marine environment of China.|[0003] The deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon sequestration technology refers to a technology of storing carbon dioxide in the form of solid hydrates into the deep sea. This technique typically involves injecting carbon dioxide into the subsea sediment to form stable solid hydrates under specific temperature and pressure conditions, thereby achieving long-term carbon sequestration. The principle of the deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon fixation technology is similar to the formation mechanism of natural gas hydrate, and in the deep sea environment, gas such as methane can be combined with water molecules to form hydrate, and the process is called hydration. Likewise, carbon dioxide can also form hydrates with water molecules under certain conditions. These hydrates are relatively stable in deep sea environments and can sequester carbon dioxide for long periods.|[0004] At present, various methods for exploiting natural gas hydrates are still in a research stage, and only five countries in the world have performed natural gas hydrate trial exploitation work, and a certain distance is left from commercial exploitation. Although research and development of deep-sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon fixation technology have been advanced, the deep-sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon fixation technology is still in a research stage and lacks relevant experience in various countries, and a series of challenges including technical problems, economic cost and the like are still faced in specific engineering implementation. In summary, the methods of natural gas exploitation and deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate carbon fixation have shortcomings, and a plurality of problems need to be solved, and the methods are specifically as follows:|[0005] (1) The existing single exploitation method of the natural gas hydrate has some problems, such as low efficiency, high cost, short gas production period, difficulty in meeting the requirements of large-scale and commercial exploitation, such as long displacement time, small displacement contact area and low efficiency of carbon dioxide displacement exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, low single yield and low economic benefit in the process of exploiting the natural gas hydrate by solid fluidization, and the natural gas hydrate is exploited by a depressurization method, so that the natural gas hydrate is decomposed into heat absorption, and can be secondarily generated or is frozen to cause the formation water to cause the reduction of the permeability of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, the propagation speed of pressure drop in the stratum is low, and the gas production speed of the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate is influenced. |[0006] (2) In the natural gas hydrate exploitation process, the strength of a natural gas hydrate reservoir is reduced due to the decomposition and extraction of the hydrate, and the risk of instability of the reservoir in the natural gas hydrate exploitation process is increased. In addition, the decomposition and extraction of natural gas hydrate can also cause the change of the mechanical properties of stratum, so that the engineering and geological problems such as well wall instability, stratum collapse, seabed landslide, tsunami and the like are caused.|[0007] (3) The cost of carbon sequestration of deep sea carbon dioxide hydrates comes mainly from the construction and maintenance of dedicated facilities. In addition, the steps of site selection, drilling, injection sequestration, etc. also require significant capital investment. Related studies have shown that the cost of these engineering practices is so high that commercialization is difficult to achieve in a short period of time.|[0008] (4) The deep sea carbon dioxide hydrate is subject to the problem of carbon dioxide leakage after carbon fixation. Carbon dioxide leakage can lead to ocean acidification and ecological system destruction, reduce the effectiveness of carbon sequestration, and can pose a threat to human health and ocean resources.|[0009] Therefore, the invention needs to provide a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method, which combines the existing multiple natural gas hydrate exploitation methods, improves the exploitation efficiency and yield of the natural gas hydrate, increases the contact area of carbon dioxide and the natural gas hydrate and the carbon dioxide sequestration space, increases the structural strength of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, improves the exploitation process safety, prevents submarine geological disasters caused after the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, improves the durability and safety of the carbon dioxide sequestration, and reduces the engineering practice cost of the carbon sequestration.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0010] The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method, realizes exploitation of the deep sea natural gas hydrate by combining multiple methods such as a solid state fluidization method, a depressurization method, a replacement method and the like, effectively utilizes the advantages of each method, improves exploitation efficiency and yield, adopts supercritical carbon dioxide jet to make cavities and fracturing, increases the contact area of carbon dioxide and hydrate ore bodies, improves exploitation and carbon sequestration efficiency and safety, realizes carbon sequestration in the form of carbon dioxide hydrate, has higher stability, realizes real-time monitoring of exploitation and carbon sequestration areas, and effectively improves operation safety.|[0011] The invention aims at realizing the technical scheme that the deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing and storage integrated system is characterized by comprising an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe column gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and injection system and a submarine leakage real-time monitoring system;|[0012] The ocean platform injection and production general control system comprises a floating injection and production platform floating on the sea surface, an injection and production operation control terminal, an injection and production high-pressure pump set, a hydrate pretreatment and storage device, a double-layer pipe complete operation device, a multifunctional derrick, a double-layer pipe injection head, a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit and a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device which are arranged on the floating injection and production platform; |[0013] The underwater pipe column gathering, transporting and wellhead system comprises a double-layer pipe, a water isolation pipe, an underwater blowout preventer stack and an open hole packer arranged on a sediment cover layer, wherein the head end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on a floating injection and production platform, the tail end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on the underwater blowout preventer stack, the underwater blowout preventer stack is arranged on a seabed wellhead, the double-layer pipe is arranged in the water isolation pipe, the head end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on a double-layer pipe complete set operation device, an inner layer channel is connected with a hydrate pretreatment and storage device, an outer layer channel is connected with an injection and production high-pressure pump stack, the tail end of the water isolation pipe is connected with a stratum drilling and production and injection system, and the open hole packer is anchored on a sleeve below the underwater blowout preventer stack; |[0014] The stratum drilling and production and injection system sequentially comprises a double-layer pipe adapter, an omnibearing whipstock, a double-layer pipe safety joint, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, a double-layer expansion packer, a downhole temperature-pressure and visual monitoring nipple, a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, a jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool, a horizontal well underground tractor, a bent screw power drilling tool, a near-bit geosteering tool and a hydrate drill bit, wherein an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe adapter is communicated with the inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe, an outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe is communicated with the outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe, the head end of the double-layer pipe safety joint is connected with the double-layer pipe adapter, the tail end of the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor is connected with the double-layer expansion packer, the downhole temperature-pressure and visual monitoring nipple head end of the downhole temperature-pressure and visual monitoring nipple is connected with the double-layer expansion packer, the jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool head end of the jet pump is communicated with the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, the tail end of the jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool is communicated with the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, the tail end of the horizontal well underground power drilling tool is communicated with the near-bit geosteering tool, the bent end of the horizontal well is communicated with the front end of the horizontal well underground power drilling tool and the near-bit. |[0015] The submarine leakage real-time monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor, a submarine PH value sensor, a hydrate leakage detection device, a power supply device and a data acquisition and wireless communication device, wherein the distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor is installed in a stratum drilling and injection system and falls into the stratum drilling and injection system along with a tool pipe string, the submarine PH value sensor and the hydrate leakage detection device are installed in a sediment cover layer, the data acquisition and wireless communication device are connected and transmit monitoring information in real time, and the power supply device provides power guarantee for equipment installed on the seabed.|[0016] The core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump comprises a throat, a jet nozzle and a shunt nozzle, wherein the throat of the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump is communicated with an inner-layer channel of a downhole temperature pressure and visual monitoring nipple, the shunt nozzle is communicated with the inside of a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool, and the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump can replace a double-nozzle structure into a single-jet nozzle structure through an unlocking pump core. And an injection and production high-pressure pump set in the ocean platform injection and production general control system is communicated with the annular space between the water isolation pipe and the double-layer pipe. The double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor and the double-layer expansion packer are provided with an inner layer double channel and an outer layer double channel, sitting and unsetting can be achieved through the change of the flow of seawater, and anchoring and packing can be achieved in a horizontal open hole section. The omnibearing whipstock is put into the well through a drill rod, positioned in a hydrate reservoir and used for guiding a hydrate drill bit to directionally drill according to a preset track. The seabed PH value sensor and the hydrate leakage detection device are arranged in a plurality of points on the sediment cover layer and form a monitoring network on the seabed, so that the coverage monitoring of the sealing area is realized.|[0017] The method for exploiting and sealing the carbon dioxide of the natural gas hydrate of the deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing integrated system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|[0018] SI, drilling and solid state fluidization exploitation, which comprises the following steps: |[0019] Sa, a running tool, namely running the omnibearing whipstock into a well through a drill rod, and after the hydrate reservoir is positioned, running the double-layer pipe, the water-proof pipe and the stratum drilling and injecting system down to the hydrate reservoir together through a multifunctional derrick and a double-layer pipe injection head; |[0020] Sb, horizontal section drilling, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump set through an injection and production operation control terminal, pumping sea water into an outer channel of a double-layer pipe by the injection and production high-pressure pump set, sequentially passing through a double-layer pipe adapter, a double-layer pipe safety joint, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, a double-layer expansion packer, underground warm-pressing and visual monitoring pup joint, entering the outer channel of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, respectively entering jet nozzles and a split nozzle of the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, fracturing the sea water passing through the split nozzle through a jet cavity forming and injecting a multifunctional tool, driving a hydrate drill bit to perform rotary motion after entering a horizontal well underground tractor, a bent screw power drilling tool and a near-bit geosteering tool, horizontally drilling the hydrate drill bit to a preset mining position in a hydrate storage layer, and sucking hydrate slurry at a throat of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump through the double-layer pipe floating type sea water jet pump; |[0021] Sc and solid fluidization exploitation, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump set to increase the flow of seawater through an injection and production operation control terminal, pumping the seawater into an outer channel of a double-layer pipe by an injection and production high-pressure pump set, sequentially passing through a double-layer pipe adapter, a double-layer pipe safety joint, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, a double-layer expansion packer, a downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple and an outer channel of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, wherein the seawater after passing through a split nozzle reaches a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool, the jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool is switched into a radial injection state, the high-pressure seawater is shot to a hydrate reservoir through a jet nozzle to break the hydrate, and hydrate slurry sprayed out by the jet nozzle is sucked and broken through the inner channel of the double-layer pipe to enter a hydrate pretreatment and storage device, and simultaneously dragging a submarine drilling and injection system to complete the solid fluidization cavity creating operation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir. |[0022] SII, first depressurization exploitation, specifically include the following steps:|[0023] Sd, replacing the pump core of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, namely injecting seawater from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe through the control terminal control of the injection and production operation after the solid-state fluidization cavity-making operation is completed, unlocking the pump core in the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, injecting the seawater from the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe after the pump core is unlocked, conveying the unlocked double-nozzle pump core to the floating injection and production platform, throwing the single-jet nozzle pump core into the double-layer pipe after the wellhead is taken out, injecting the seawater from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe, conveying the seawater into the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, and locking the pump, wherein the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump does not have a diversion effect, and the double-nozzle jet pump is changed into a conventional jet pump. |[0024] Se, hydrate decompression exploitation for the first time, namely injecting seawater from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe, and decompressing and exploiting the natural gas hydrate by a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump.|[0025] SIII, natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing, comprising in particular the following steps:|[0026] And Sf, fracturing a hydrate reservoir, namely after depressurization exploitation is completed, controlling supercritical carbon dioxide to be added with sand through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device and a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit through an injection and production operation control terminal to form a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium from an inner pipe and an outer pipe of the double-layer pipe together, spraying the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium from a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump into a natural gas hydrate cavity to form a high-pressure environment, anchoring a hydraulic anchor of the double-layer pipe and setting a double-layer expanding packer due to internal and external pressure difference, fracturing and reforming the hydrate reservoir to form a fracture network, replacing the natural gas hydrate by carbon dioxide to a certain extent, and forming a carbon dioxide hydrate solidified natural gas hydrate cavity. |[0027] SIV, the second decompression exploitation after fracturing specifically includes the following steps:|[0028] Sg, second depressurization exploitation, namely after fracturing is completed, changing an injection medium from a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into seawater through the control terminal of injection and exploitation operation, injecting the seawater from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe, performing depressurization exploitation on the seawater through the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, and pumping the replaced natural gas into the hydrate pretreatment and storage device through the double-layer pipe. |[0029] SV, displacement exploitation after fracturing, specifically comprising the following steps:|[0030] Sh, injection replacement, namely after the depressurization exploitation after fracturing is completed, controlling the injection of supercritical carbon dioxide from the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device and a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit by an injection and production operation control terminal, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into a hydrate cavity after fracturing through the ejection of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, and closing the well for a period of time; |[0031] Si, replacement lifting, namely injecting seawater from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe after the natural gas is replaced, and completing the operation of sucking the replaced natural gas and carbon dioxide mixed gas through a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump. |[0032] SVI and carbon dioxide sealing and storing, which specifically comprises the following steps:|[0033] Sj, injecting and sealing, namely injecting supercritical carbon dioxide from the inner tube and the outer tube of the double-layer tube through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device, a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit after the carbon dioxide replacement method is finished, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into a natural gas hydrate goaf through a core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump to form a carbon dioxide hydrate, and realizing permanent geological sealing of the carbon dioxide. |[0034] SVII, all-round hydrate exploitation and carbon sequestration specifically include the following steps:|[0035] sk, after the exploitation and carbon fixation of one azimuth hydrate are finished, unsealing the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor and the double-layer expansion packer, recovering the stratum drilling and injection system to a wellhead, and adjusting the azimuth of the omnibearing whipstock; |[0036] S l, repeating the steps Sa-Sk to finish the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation of the corresponding point location; |[0037] SVIII, monitoring leakage of carbon dioxide and hydrate, specifically comprising the following steps: |[0038] Sm, leakage monitoring, namely after the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation operation of the corresponding point location is completed, releasing an autonomous underwater robot through a floating injection and production platform, carrying a seabed PH value sensor by the autonomous underwater robot, carrying a hydrate leakage detection device, a power supply device, a data acquisition and wireless communication device to a preset position on the seabed, carrying out the installation operation of leakage monitoring equipment, and carrying out long-term monitoring after the installation and debugging are completed. |[0039] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0040] (1) Compared with the previous single natural gas hydrate exploitation method, the combination of a plurality of natural gas hydrate exploitation methods is provided, the natural gas hydrate exploitation efficiency is improved, and the yield is increased; |[0041] (2) The supercritical carbon dioxide is adopted for fracturing to form a fracture network, so that the contact area and the carbon dioxide sealing space are increased, meanwhile, the supercritical carbon dioxide is adopted to replace surface methane to form carbon dioxide hydrate, and the structural strength of a natural gas hydrate reservoir is improved; |[0042] (3) The exploitation of the natural gas hydrate is combined with the carbon sequestration, and the carbon dioxide is buried in the form of the solid hydrate, so that the method has the double advantages of large buried quantity and high safety, reduces the engineering practice cost of the carbon sequestration, and simultaneously prevents geological disasters such as submarine geological landslide, collapse and the like after the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate. |[0043] (4) The carbon dioxide sealing area is monitored for a long time, so that the durability and the safety of the carbon dioxide sealing are improved, and the damage of a submarine ecosystem caused by carbon dioxide leakage is prevented.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall scheme of the present invention;|[0045] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the solid state fluidization and cavitation structure of the present invention; |[0046] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing structure of the present invention; |[0047] FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of the portion I of FIG. 1; |[0048] FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view of section II of FIG. 2; |[0049] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation of the present invention; |[0050] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an integrated system and method for exploiting and sequestering natural gas hydrates in deep sea in accordance with the present invention; in the figure, a 1-floating type injection and production platform, a 2-injection and production operation control terminal, a 3-injection and production high-pressure pump group, a 4-hydrate pretreatment and storage device, a 5-double-layer pipe complete operation device, a 6-multifunctional derrick, a 7-double-layer pipe injection head, an 8-high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit, a 9-carbon dioxide treatment and storage device, a 10-double-layer pipe, an 11-underwater blowout preventer stack, a 12-naked eye packer, 13-sea water, a 14-silt cover layer, a 15-hydrate storage layer, a 16-double-layer pipe adapter, a 17-omnibearing whipstock, an 18-double-layer pipe safety adapter, a 19-double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor and a 20-double-layer expansion packer, 21-downhole temperature pressure and visual monitoring pup joint, 22-replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, 2201-throat pipe, 2202-jet nozzle, 2203-split nozzle, 2204-single-jet nozzle, 23-jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool, 2301-jet nozzle, 24-horizontal well downhole tractor, 25-bent screw power drill, 26-near bit geosteering tool, 27-hydrate bit, 28-subsea PH value sensor, 29-hydrate leak detection device, 30-power supply device, 31-data acquisition and wireless communication device, 32-autonomous underwater robot, 33-solid state fluidization cavity making, 34-fracture network, 35-riser, 36-distributed fiber optic pressure temperature sensor. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0051] The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the scope of the invention not being limited to the following:|[0052] 1-6, the deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sealing integrated system is characterized by comprising an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe string gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and injection system and a submarine leakage real-time monitoring system; |[0053] The ocean platform injection and production general control system comprises a floating injection and production platform 1 floating on the sea surface, an injection and production operation control terminal 2, an injection and production high-pressure pump set 3, a hydrate pretreatment and storage device 4, a double-layer pipe complete operation device 5, a multifunctional derrick 6, a double-layer pipe injection head 7, a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor set 8 and a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device 9 which are arranged on the floating injection and production platform; |[0054] The underwater pipe column gathering and transporting and wellhead system comprises a double-layer pipe 10, a water isolation pipe 35, an underwater blowout preventer stack 11 and an open hole packer 12 arranged on a sediment cover layer 14, wherein the head end of the water isolation pipe 35 is arranged on a floating injection and production platform 1, the tail end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on the underwater blowout preventer stack 11, the underwater blowout preventer stack 11 is arranged on a seabed wellhead, the double-layer pipe 10 is arranged in the water isolation pipe 35, the head end of the water isolation pipe is arranged on a double-layer pipe complete operation device 5, an inner layer channel is connected with a hydrate pretreatment and storage device 4, an outer layer channel is connected with an injection and production high-pressure pump stack 3, the tail end of the water isolation pipe is connected with a stratum drilling and production and injection system, and the open hole packer 12 is anchored on a sleeve below the underwater blowout preventer stack 11; |[0055] The stratum drilling and injection system sequentially comprises a double-layer pipe adapter 16, an omnibearing whipstock 17, a double-layer pipe safety joint 18, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19, a double-layer expansion packer 20, a downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple 21, a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23, a horizontal well downhole tractor 24, a curved screw power drilling tool 25, a near-bit geosteering tool 26 and a hydrate drill bit 27, wherein an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe adapter 16 is communicated with an inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe 10, an outer layer channel is communicated with an outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe 10, the head end of the double-layer pipe safety joint 18 is connected with the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19, the tail end of the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19 is connected with the double-layer expansion packer 20, the downhole warm-pressing and visual monitoring nipple 21 is connected with the double-layer expansion packer 20, a tail end of the jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23 is connected with the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, the head end of the jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23 is connected with the injection multifunctional tool 22, the head end of the jet cavity fracturing and the injection multifunctional tool is communicated with the end of the horizontal well tractor 24, and the near-bit 20 is communicated with the end of the curved screw power drilling tool 24 and the near-bit guide tool is communicated with the end of the horizontal well 20. |[0056] The submarine leakage real-time monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor 36, a submarine PH value sensor 28, a hydrate leakage detection device 29, a power supply device 30 and a data acquisition and wireless communication device 31, wherein the distributed optical fiber pressure temperature sensor 36 is arranged in a stratum drilling and injection system and is arranged in a tool string, the submarine PH value sensor 28 and the hydrate leakage detection device 29 are arranged in a sediment cover layer 14, the data acquisition and wireless communication device 31 are connected, monitoring information is transmitted in real time, and the power supply device 30 provides power guarantee for equipment arranged on the seabed.|[0057] The core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump 22 comprises a throat 2201, a jet nozzle 2202 and a shunt nozzle 2203, the throat 2201 of the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump 22 is communicated with an inner channel of the underground temperature pressure and visual monitoring nipple 21, the shunt nozzle 2203 is communicated with the inside of the jet cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23, and the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump 22 can replace a double-nozzle structure into a single-jet nozzle 2204 structure through an unlocking pump core. And an injection and production high-pressure pump set 3 in the ocean platform injection and production general control system is communicated with the annular space between the marine riser 35 and the double-layer pipe 10. The double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19 and the double-layer expansion packer 20 have double channels of an inner layer and an outer layer, can realize sitting and deblocking through the change of the flow of the seawater 13, and can realize anchoring and packing in a horizontal open hole section. The omnibearing whipstock 17 is lowered into the well by a drill pipe and positioned in the hydrate reservoir 15 to guide the hydrate bit 27 to perform directional drilling according to a predetermined trajectory. The seabed PH value sensor 28 and the hydrate leakage detection device 29 are arranged at a plurality of points on the sediment cover layer 14 and form a monitoring network on the seabed, so as to realize coverage monitoring of the sealing area.|[0058] The method for exploiting and sealing carbon dioxide from the deep sea natural gas hydrate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|[0059] SI, drilling and solid state fluidization exploitation, which comprises the following steps: |[0060] Sa, a running tool, namely running the omnibearing whipstock 17 into a well through a drill rod, positioning the hydrate reservoir 15 at a proper depth, and then running the double-layer pipe 10, the marine riser 35 and the stratum drilling and injecting system to the hydrate reservoir 15 together through the multifunctional derrick 6 and the double-layer pipe injection head 7; |[0061] Sb, horizontal drilling, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump group 3 through an injection and production operation control terminal 2, pumping seawater 13 into an outer channel of a double-layer pipe 10 by the injection and production high-pressure pump group 3, sequentially passing through a double-layer pipe adapter 16, a double-layer pipe safety joint 18, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19, a double-layer expanding packer 20, a downhole temperature-pressure and visual monitoring nipple 21, entering an outer channel of a replaceable-core double-nozzle jet pump 22, respectively entering a jet nozzle 2202 and a shunt nozzle 2203 of the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor, and driving a hydrate drill bit 27 to rotate after the seawater 13 after passing through the shunt nozzle 2203 enters a horizontal well downhole tractor 24, a bent screw power drill 25 and a near-bit geosteering tool 26 through a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23, wherein the hydrate drill bit 27 horizontally drills to a preset mining position in a hydrate reservoir 2202, and the hydrate slurry is sucked into a floating coiled pipe 1 at a throat 2201 of the replaceable-core double-nozzle jet pump 22 through the double-core double-nozzle 10; |[0062] sc and solid fluidization exploitation, namely controlling an injection and production high-pressure pump set 3 to increase the flow of seawater through an injection and production operation control terminal 2, pumping the seawater 13 into an outer layer channel of a double-layer pipe 10 by the injection and production high-pressure pump set 3, wherein the seawater 13 is pumped into the outer layer channel of the double-layer pipe 10 through a double-layer pipe adapter 16, a double-layer pipe safety joint 18, a double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19, a double-layer expanding packer 20, a downhole temperature pressure and visual monitoring nipple 21 and an outer layer channel of a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22 in sequence as shown by solid arrows, wherein the seawater 13 after passing through a shunt nozzle 2203 reaches a jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23, the jet cavity fracturing and injection multifunctional tool 23 is switched into a radial jet state, the high-pressure seawater 13 is sprayed into a hydrate reservoir 15 through a jet nozzle 2301 to break hydrate, the seawater 13 sprayed out of the jet nozzle 2202 is shown by a hollow arrow flow direction, the broken hydrate slurry is sucked into a hydrate pretreatment and storage device 4 through the inner layer channel of the double-layer pipe 10 as shown by a regular hexagon of fig. 4, and simultaneously, and the solid fluidization and natural gas fluidization system is completed by a drilling and fluidization and sea bottom operation reservoir 33. |[0063] SII, first depressurization exploitation, specifically include the following steps:|[0064] Sd, replacing the pump core of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump, namely injecting the seawater 13 from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 through the control terminal 2 of the injection and production operation after the operation of the solid-state fluidization cavity making 33 is completed, unlocking the pump core in the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, injecting the seawater 13 from the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 after the pump core is unlocked, conveying the unlocked double-nozzle pump core to the floating injection and production platform 1, throwing the single-jet nozzle 2204 pump core into the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 after the wellhead is taken out, injecting the seawater 13 from the inner pipe of the double-layer pipe 10, conveying the seawater 13 into the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22 and completing locking, wherein the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22 does not have a diversion effect, and the double-nozzle jet pump becomes a conventional jet pump. |[0065] Se and hydrate decompression mining for the first time, namely injecting seawater 13 from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10, and performing natural gas hydrate decompression mining through a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22.|[0066] SIII, natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing, comprising in particular the following steps:|[0067] And Sf and hydrate reservoir fracturing, namely after depressurization exploitation is completed, controlling by an injection and production operation control terminal 2 to add sand to supercritical carbon dioxide through a carbon dioxide treatment and storage device 9 and a high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit 8 to form supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into the natural gas hydrate cavity from the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 together, and spraying the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium into the natural gas hydrate cavity from a replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22 to form a high-pressure environment as shown by solid arrows in fig. 3, and simultaneously anchoring a hydraulic anchor 19 of the double-layer pipe and setting a double-layer expansion packer 20 due to internal and external pressure difference to perform fracturing transformation on the hydrate reservoir 15, so as to form a fracturing network 34 as shown in fig. 5, wherein carbon dioxide can replace the natural gas hydrate to a certain extent, and form a carbon dioxide hydrate solidified natural gas hydrate cavity. |[0068] SIV, the second decompression exploitation after fracturing specifically includes the following steps:|[0069] sg, second depressurization exploitation, namely after fracturing is completed, the injection medium is controlled by the injection operation control terminal 2 to be changed into seawater 13 from the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing medium, the seawater 13 is injected from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10, the seawater 13 is subjected to depressurization exploitation through the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, and meanwhile, the replaced natural gas is pumped into the hydrate pretreatment and storage device 4 through the double-layer pipe 10. |[0070] SV, displacement exploitation after fracturing, specifically comprising the following steps:|[0071] sh, injection replacement, namely after the depressurization exploitation after fracturing is completed, injecting supercritical carbon dioxide from the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 through the carbon dioxide treatment and storage device 9 and the high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor set 8 under the control of the injection and production operation control terminal 2, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into a fractured hydrate cavity through the ejection of the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22, and closing the well for a period of time; |[0072] si, replacement lifting, namely injecting seawater 13 from the outer layer pipe of the double-layer pipe 10 after the natural gas is replaced, and completing the operation of sucking the replaced natural gas and carbon dioxide mixed gas through the replaceable core double-nozzle jet pump 22. |[0073] SVI and carbon dioxide sealing and storing, which specifically comprises the following steps:|[0074] sj, injecting and sealing, namely injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into the inner and outer pipes of the double-layer pipe 10 through the carbon dioxide treatment and storage device 9, the high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor unit 8 after the carbon dioxide replacement method is finished, injecting the supercritical carbon dioxide into the natural gas hydrate goaf through the core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump 22, forming carbon dioxide hydrate, and realizing permanent geological sealing of the carbon dioxide. |[0075] SVII, all-round hydrate exploitation and carbon sequestration specifically include the following steps:|[0076] Sk, after the exploitation and carbon fixation of one azimuth hydrate are finished, unsealing the double-layer pipe hydraulic anchor 19 and the double-layer expansion packer 20, recovering the stratum drilling and injection system to a wellhead, and adjusting the azimuth of the omnibearing whipstock 17; |[0077] s l, repeating the steps Sa-Sk, and completing the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation of the corresponding point location as shown in figure 6; |[0078] SVIII, monitoring leakage of carbon dioxide and hydrate, specifically comprising the following steps: |[0079] Sm, leakage monitoring, namely after the omnibearing hydrate exploitation and carbon fixation operation of the corresponding point location is completed, releasing an autonomous underwater robot 32 through a floating injection and production platform 1 as shown in figure 1, carrying a seabed PH value sensor 28 by the autonomous underwater robot 32, and carrying a hydrate leakage detection device 29, a power supply device 30, a data acquisition and wireless communication device 31 to a preset position of the seabed to carry out the installation operation of leakage monitoring equipment, and carrying out long-term monitoring after the installation and debugging are completed. |[0080] It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0081] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directions or positional relationships indicated as being "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are directions or positional relationships described based on the drawings are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.|[0082] In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or communicating between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.|[0083] In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.|[0084] It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation, and that other variations or modifications may be made in the various forms based on the above description by those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(111508674)|111508674|Abstract|(CN118669098B B)|The invention discloses a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system . The system comprises an ocean platform injection and production master control system , an underwater pipe column gathering and transportation and wellhead system , a stratum drilling and production and injection system and a seabed leakage real - time monitoring system . The stratum drilling and injection system comprises an all - dimensional whipstock , a double - layer expansion type packer , a core - replaceable double - nozzle jet pump , a jet flow cavity - making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool and a hydrate drill bit . The deep sea natural gas hydrate is mined by combining a solid fluidization method , a depressurization method , a replacement method and other methods , the advantages of all the methods are effectively utilized , and the mining efficiency and yield are improved ; supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing is adopted , the contact area of carbon dioxide and a hydrate ore body is increased , and the mining and carbon sequestration efficiency and safety are improved ; carbon fixation of carbon dioxide in a hydrate form is achieved , and higher stability is achieved ; meanwhile , real - time monitoring of mining and carbon sequestration areas is achieved , and the operation safety is effectively improved . | | Civil engineering | E21B-007/04|E21B-007/06|E21B-043/01|E21B-043/26|E21B-047/00|E21B-047/117 | E21B-007/04|E21B-007/06|E21B-043/01|E21B-043/26|E21B-047/00|E21B-047/117 | CN121088301|CN120845035B|CN119221875B|CN119221995B | CN121088301 116974396 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN120845035B 116462706 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN119221875B 112851731 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|CN119221995B 112851914 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y | CN118148568|CN115726742|CN216517941U|CN114135254|CN111236894|JP2004204562|CN108643869|CN107448176 | CN118148568 110108245 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN115726742 103971469 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN216517941U 100055055 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN114135254 98962032 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN111236894 89106649 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|JP2004204562 22171392 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN108643869 81620967 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|CN107448176 78014209 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y | 陈强;胡高伟;李彦龙;万义钊;刘昌岭;吴能友;刘洋;: "海域天然气水合物资源开采新技术展望", 海洋地质前沿, no. 09, 23 September 2020 (2020-09-23) (Cat. A) | JP2004204562; CN111236894; CN114135254; CN216517941U; CN115726742; CN118148568; CN107448176; CN108643869 | GRANTED | (CN118669098)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN118669098)|ALIVE | (CN118669098)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN118669098|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-07-22|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2024-07-22|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202410980511|Application date=2024-07-22|Standardized application number=2024CN-0980511|Event publication date=2024-09-20|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118669098|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-09-20|Standardized publication number=CN118669098|Event publication date=2024-09-20|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-10-11|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2024-12-17|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118669098|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2024-12-17|Standardized publication number=CN118669098B|Event publication date=2024-12-17|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN118669098)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoQDO+8cLai7zxj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000075609797&ekey=2281&xpn=CN118669098B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=9u3PWjlU5iBYQLEEzu5qZbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN118669098)|CN|(CN118669098)|CN | (CN118669098)|NAME=SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN|(CN118669098)|NAME=SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN118669098)|NAME=Generation wave;CHENGDU XINJIE TONGCHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=51323|(CN118669098)|NAME=Generation wave;CHENGDU XINJIE TONGCHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=51323 | (CN118669098)|NAME=TANG YANG|NAME=GU QING|NAME=LI ZHONG|NAME=ZHANG YULIN|NAME=JIANG XIAOHUI|NAME=ZHANG LIEHUI|NAME=WANG GUORONG|NAME=ZHAO PENG|NAME=HE YUFA|NAME=LI QINGPING|NAME=PANG WEIXIN|NAME=XUE YONGZHI|NAME=GE YANG|(CN118669098)|NAME=TANG YANG|NAME=GU QING|NAME=LI ZHONG|NAME=ZHANG YULIN|NAME=JIANG XIAOHUI|NAME=ZHANG LIEHUI|NAME=WANG GUORONG|NAME=ZHAO PENG|NAME=HE YUFA|NAME=LI QINGPING|NAME=PANG WEIXIN|NAME=XUE YONGZHI|NAME=GE YANG | Titre: (CN118669098)|Deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system and method Résumé: (CN118669098)|The invention discloses a deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration integrated system. The system comprises an ocean platform injection and production master control system, an underwater pipe column gathering and transportation and wellhead system, a stratum drilling and production and injection system and a seabed leakage real-time monitoring system. The stratum drilling and injection system comprises an all-dimensional whipstock, a double-layer expansion type packer, a core-replaceable double-nozzle jet pump, a jet flow cavity-making fracturing and injection multifunctional tool and a hydrate drill bit. The deep sea natural gas hydrate is mined by combining a solid fluidization method, a depressurization method, a replacement method and other methods, the advantages of all the methods are effectively utilized, and the mining efficiency and yield are improved; supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing is adopted, the contact area of carbon dioxide and a hydrate ore body is increased, and the mining and carbon sequestration efficiency and safety are improved; carbon fixation of carbon dioxide in a hydrate form is achieved, and higher stability is achieved; meanwhile, real-time monitoring of mining and carbon sequestration areas is achieved, and the operation safety is effectively improved. | 50.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on natural gas hydrate exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration, not on ocean fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 8.0 | 4.0 | (CN118669098)|1 | (CN118669098)|6 | (CN118669098)|7|(CN118669098)|7 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN118669098)|7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN118669098)|Number of Claims: NCL=7|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-12-17|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-5101|Number of Pages: NPAGES=18|Primary examiner: 孙群|Primary examiner: Sun Qun||(CN118669098)|Number of Claims: NCL=7|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-09-20|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-3802|Number of Pages: NPAGES=18|Primary examiner: 孙群|Primary examiner: Sun Qun| | (CN118669098)|Previous publication: CN118669098 A 2024-09-20 [CN118669098] | (CN118669098)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN118669098B)|Patent|(CN118669098)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 59 | CN202511606729 | CN202511606729 | CN121516936 | 117819340 | CN121516936 A 2026-02-13 [CN121516936] | 2025-11-05 | 2025-11-05 | 2026-02-13 | (CN121516936)|2045-11-05 | (CN121516936)|Mineral compound for reducing harm and increasing convergence of green tide and application of mineral compound | (CN121516936)|The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment protection and carbon sink, in particular to a mineral compound for reducing harm and increasing sink of green tide and application of the mineral compound. And the mineral compound comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-85% of clay minerals, 19-29% of alkaline minerals and 0.1-1% of natural algicidal substances. The three components in the compound have a synergistic effect, the problems of seawater anoxia and acidification caused by green tide outbreak can be remarkably relieved, meanwhile, long-term burying of algae-derived organic carbon in the ocean is promoted, and the compound has a remarkable carbon gain effect. The method is environment-friendly, simple to operate and controllable in cost, and has the potential of large-scale application. The invention provides a safe and effective technical means for improving the carbon sequestration capacity of large-scale green tide and treating the offshore environment. | QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF BIOENERGY & BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY - CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | (CN121516936)|QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF BIOENERGY & BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN]) | ZHANG YONGYU|WANG XIAOJIE|ZHANG ZENGHU | (CN121516936)|ZHANG YONGYU|WANG XIAOJIE|ZHANG ZENGHU | (CN121516936)|GAO XIAO;SHENYANG PATENT & TRADEMARK AGENCY ACADEMIA SINICA|Reg. Nb: 21002 | (CN121516936)|The invention has the advantages that:|However, these methods fail to systematically address secondary environmental problems associated with subsequent degradation of the algal bodies.|The influence of the environmental residue of the partially used minerals (such as modified clay) is limited, but the problems of carbon re-release and local ecological deterioration caused by the degradation of algae cannot be relieved.|The process not only causes ecological environment problems such as partial sea area hypoxia and acidification, but also enables organic carbon immobilized in the algae to be rapidly degraded and released to the atmosphere again in the form of CO _2, so that the contribution of the organic carbon serving as potential carbon sink is weakened.| | (CN121516936)|1. The mineral compound for reducing the harmful substances and increasing the sink of green tide is characterized by comprising, by mass, 75% -85% of clay minerals, 19% -29% of alkaline minerals and 0.1% -1% of natural algae dissolving substances.| | (CN121516936)|The invention provides a safe and effective technical means for improving the carbon sink capacity of the large-scale green tide and treating the offshore environment.|The invention relates to the technical field of marine environmental protection and carbon sink, in particular to a mineral compound for reducing the harm and increasing the sink of green tide and application thereof.| | (CN121516936)|GREEN TIDE(100,18)|INORGANIC COMPOUND(100,14)|GREEN TIDE SINK(100,5)|REDUCING HARM(100,5)|SEAWATER HYPOXIA ALLEVIATION(44,1)|NATURAL ALGAE DISSOLVING SUBSTANCE(40,6)|INORGANIC COMPLEX(39,13)|ALGAE DISSOLVING SUBSTANCE(36,7)|ECOLOGICAL DETERIORATION(33,1)|CLAY MINERAL(31,14)|ALGAE DEGRADATION(31,1)|ALKALINE MINERAL(30,13)|MINERAL COMPOSITE(30,3)|RELIEVING GREEN TIDE(30,1)|OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT(28,4)|ENTEROMORPHA GREEN TIDE(28,2)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(27,1)|CARBON RERELEASE(23,1)|HARMFUL SUBSTANCE REDUCTION(21,2)|GREEN TIDE REDUCING PEST(21,1)|PROMOTION(21,1)|NATURAL ALGICIDAL SUBSTANCE(19,2)|ACIDIFICATION(18,7)|MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION(17,2)|NATURAL MONTMORILLONITE(17,2)|NATURAL LIMESTONE(16,2)|CLAY MODIFICATION(16,1)|REDUCING GREEN TIDE(16,1)|CARBON SINK(15,7)|GREEN SINK(14,3)|GREEN TIDE REDUCING DAMAGE(14,1)|ORGANIC CARBON IMMOBILIZED(14,1)|ALGAE(12,9)|SEA AREA HYPOXIA(12,1)|SUBSIDENCE ENTEROMORPHA ALGAE TON(12,1)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY(11,3)|CARBON GAIN(11,2)|ACTIVE INGREDIENT(10,3)|ARAGONITE(9,2)|BURST(9,1)|LARGE SCALE DECAYED ENTEROMORPHA(9,1)|OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION(9,1)|LARGE SCALE GREEN TIDE(8,5)|ORGANIC CARBON(8,5)|ALGAE DERIVED ORGANIC CARBON(8,4)|BIPHENOL(8,4)|CALCITE(8,2)|ILLITE(8,2)|KAOLINITE(8,2)|FLOCCULATION SEDIMENTATION(7,2)|SOLID POWDER(7,2)|DECAYED ENTEROMORPHA ALGAE CARBON(7,1)|RELIEVING SEAWATER HYPOXIA(7,1)|ALGAE DECOMPOSITION(6,2)|AQUEOUS SUSPENSION(6,1)|DECAYED ALGAE DEGRADATION(6,1)|ENTEROMORPHA BIOMASS DEGRADATION(6,1)|ENTEROMORPHA DEGRADATION EXPERIMENT(6,1)|ENTEROMORPHA PROLIFERA(6,1)|LONG TERM BURIAL(6,1)|SEAWATER ENVIRONMENT(6,1)|LONG TERM BURYING(5,3)|ALGAE SPECIES RAPID DEATH(5,1)|CLAY MINERAL PURITY(5,1)|DECAY ENTEROMORPHA(5,1)|ENTEROMORPHA DECAY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION(5,1)|MINERAL COMPOUND(4,3)|ENTEROMORPHA DEGRADATION GROUP(4,2)|MASS PERCENT(4,2)|STERILIZED SEAWATER CULTURE MEDIUM(4,2)|ACCELERATION(4,1)|AEROBIC DEGRADATION(4,1)|ALGAE CARBON STABLE SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|ALKALINE MINERAL PURITY(4,1)|ALLEVIATING HYPOXIA(4,1)|BACTERIAL METABOLISM(4,1)|CARBON CIRCULATION IMBALANCE(4,1)|ENTEROMORPHA DEATH(4,1)|FAST RECOVERY TREND(4,1)|GREEN TIDE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE(4,1)|HARMFUL EFFECT REDUCTION(4,1)|NATURAL ALGAE DISSOLVING MATTER(4,1)|PICKLING GLASS BARREL(4,1)|PROMOTING SEDIMENTATION DECAY(4,1)|QINGDAO CITY(4,1)|RELIEVING ACIDIFICATION(4,1)|SEDIMENTATION DECOMPOSITION(4,1)|STERILE SEAWATER(4,1)|USED MINERAL RESIDUE(4,1)|ALGAE CELL(3,2)|SALVAGE(3,2)|CARBON LODGING(3,1)|EARLY DEGRADATION(3,1)|ILLUMINATION INTENSITY(3,1)|MINERAL USE(3,1)|NATURAL CLAY MINERAL(3,1)|PCO PEAK(3,1)|PERIPHERAL SEAWATER(3,1)|SEA FLOOR(3,1)|ACIDIC SUBSTANCE(2,1)|ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE(2,1)| | (CN121516936)|1. The mineral compound for reducing the harmful substances and increasing the sink of green tide is characterized by comprising, by mass, 75% -85% of clay minerals, 19% -29% of alkaline minerals and 0.1% -1% of natural algae dissolving substances.|2. The mineral composite for reducing the harmful effects and increasing the sink of green tide according to claim 1, wherein the mineral composite comprises, by mass, 75% -80% of clay minerals, 19% -24% of alkaline minerals and 0.5% -1% of natural algae-dissolving substances.|3. The mineral composite for reducing the green tide and increasing the sink according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the clay mineral is one or more of natural montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite.|4. The mineral composite for reducing the harmful effects of green tide and increasing the sink according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkaline mineral is one or more of natural limestone, calcite and aragonite.|5. The mineral complex for green tide reducing pest and increasing sink according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the natural algicidal substance is 3,3', 5' -tetrabromo-2, 2' -biphenol.|6. The mineral complex for reducing the harmful effects of green tide and increasing the sink according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mineral complex is used as an active ingredient to prepare a preparation, and the preparation is in the form of solid powder or an aqueous suspension.|7. Use of a mineral complex for green tide hazard-reducing and sink-increasing according to claim 1 as a treatment agent for the alleviation of seawater hypoxia and acidification of offshore environments caused by decaying algae in large-scale green tides.|8. The use of the mineral complex for green tide reducing harm and increasing sink of claim 7, wherein the mineral complex is used in a treating agent for efficiently relieving sea water hypoxia and acidification caused by large-scale decayed enteromorpha in enteromorpha green tide.|9. The use of a mineral complex for reducing the harmful effects of green tides and increasing the sink according to claim 7, characterized in that the mineral complex is used for promoting the decay of enteromorpha in the sea area and for relieving the green tides.|10. The use of a mineral complex for green tide reducing damage and increasing sink as defined in claim 7, wherein the mineral complex is used to promote long term burial of algae-derived organic carbon. | (CN121516936)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine environmental protection and carbon sink, in particular to a mineral compound for reducing the harm and increasing the sink of green tide and application thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The enteromorpha is gathered in a large quantity during the growth period, so that sunlight is shielded, gas exchange of ocean water is hindered, dissolved oxygen in the seawater is consumed, and the survival of aquatic organisms is seriously influenced. At present, most of treatment means of algal bloom, such as physical salvage, flocculation sedimentation and the like, aim at promoting sedimentation/decay of algal bloom, and aim at removing algae in a short time. However, these methods fail to systematically address secondary environmental problems associated with subsequent degradation of the algal bodies.|[0003] It is estimated that millions of tons of subsidence enteromorpha algae settle on the seafloor in the last green tide of each year, undergo a severe microbiological mineralization process. The process not only causes ecological environment problems such as partial sea area hypoxia and acidification, but also enables organic carbon immobilized in the algae to be rapidly degraded and released to the atmosphere again in the form of CO 2, so that the contribution of the organic carbon serving as potential carbon sink is weakened. The existing treatment modes comprise physical salvage, decomposed sedimentation, flocculation sedimentation and the like, and although the algae can be rapidly removed from the water body, the algae cannot be blocked from accumulating on the seabed and entering the aerobic degradation stage. The influence of the environmental residue of the partially used minerals (such as modified clay) is limited, but the problems of carbon re-release and local ecological deterioration caused by the degradation of algae cannot be relieved. As can be seen, the prior art systems focus on "how to remove algae" and lack an effective pair of carbon lodging and environmental effects for "post-extinction" thereof.|[0004] Therefore, how to develop a synergistic technology capable of controlling the negative influence of green tide, promoting the stable sequestration of algae carbon and enhancing the actual carbon sink capacity of the ocean aiming at the environmental problems of carbon circulation imbalance, seawater hypoxia, acidification and the like caused by death of enteromorpha is a key problem to be solved in the field at present.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] Aiming at the problems of carbon sink loss and offshore environmental deterioration caused by natural degradation of green tide of large-scale enteromorpha, the invention aims to provide the application of the mineral compound for reducing harm and increasing sink of the green tide in relieving the offshore environment caused by the large-scale green tide.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0007] The mineral compound for reducing the harmful substances and increasing the sink of green tide comprises, by mass, 75% -85% of clay minerals, 19% -29% of alkaline minerals and 0.1% -1% of natural algae dissolving substances. |[0008] Preferably, the mineral compound comprises 75-80% of clay mineral, 19-24% of alkaline mineral and 0.5-1% of natural algae dissolving substance by mass percent.|[0009] The clay mineral is one or more of natural montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite, and the purity of the clay mineral is higher than 80 percent, so that the clay mineral can be used.|[0010] The alkaline mineral is one or more of natural limestone, calcite and aragonite, and the purity of the alkaline mineral is higher than 80 percent, so that the alkaline mineral can be used.|[0011] The natural algicidal substance is 3,3', 5' -tetrabromo-2, 2' -biphenol, and can be generated by bacterial metabolism or chemical synthesis.|[0012] The compound is used as an active ingredient to prepare a preparation, and the preparation is in the form of solid powder or water suspension.|[0013] Use of a mineral complex for reducing harm and increasing sink of green tide as a treatment agent for alleviating hypoxia and acidification of offshore environmental seawater caused by decaying algae in a large scale green tide.|[0014] The application of the mineral compound in the treating agent for efficiently relieving seawater hypoxia and acidification caused by large-scale decay of enteromorpha in enteromorpha green tide.|[0015] The mineral compound is applied to promoting the decay of enteromorpha in the sea area and relieving green tide.|[0016] The application of the compound in promoting the long-term burying of algae-derived organic carbon.|[0017] The mineral complex is added into the sea area to be treated, and the final concentration in the sea area is not more than 0.05 g/L.|[0018] The invention has the advantages that:|[0019] The mineral compound consists of natural clay mineral, alkaline mineral and natural algae dissolving matter. The clay mineral effectively delays the decomposition rate of microorganisms on organic matters through adsorption performance and a physical coating layer on the surface of the algae body, the alkaline mineral continuously releases carbonate/bicarbonate ions, acidic substances generated in the degradation process are neutralized, the acid-base balance of the water body is maintained, and natural algae-dissolving substances are used for accelerating the decay of enteromorpha through targeted cracking of the algae cells. The three components are not simply overlapped, but are mutually promoted to generate a synergistic effect, namely, after natural algae dissolving substances promote algae cells to break, clay minerals can fully adsorb and wrap released organic matters to form a stable 'algae-mineral' complex, and alkaline minerals provide a more stable interface environment for the clay minerals while relieving acidification, so that the carbon fixing capacity of the clay minerals is enhanced. The three components are synergistic, can obviously relieve the problems of seawater hypoxia and acidification caused by green tide outbreak, simultaneously promote the long-term burying of algae-derived organic carbon in the ocean, and has obvious carbon gain effect. The material is environment-friendly, simple to operate and controllable in cost, and has the potential of large-scale application. The invention provides a safe and effective technical means for improving the carbon sink capacity of the large-scale green tide and treating the offshore environment. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of algicidal substances on the growth state of Enteromorpha prolifera according to an embodiment of the present invention.|[0021] Fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect of mineral complex addition on pH during degradation of enteromorpha in an embodiment of the present invention.|[0022] Fig. 3 is a graph showing the effect of mineral complex addition on Dissolved Oxygen (DO) during enteromorpha degradation in an embodiment of the present invention.|[0023] Fig. 4 is a graph showing the effect of mineral complex addition on CO 2 release during enteromorpha degradation in an embodiment of the present invention.|[0024] Fig. 5 is a graph showing the influence of mineral complex addition on the content of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the degradation process of enteromorpha in the embodiment of the present invention.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0025] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is further provided in connection with the accompanying examples, and it should be noted that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only, and are not limiting of the invention.|[0026] Example 1|[0027] Fresh enteromorpha in the green tide outbreak period is selected as an experimental object, and is placed in a sterilized seawater culture medium containing low-dose algae-dissolving substances (the main active components are 3,3', 5' -tetrabromo-2, 2' -biphenol) to be cultured under the conditions of 20 ℃ and illumination intensity of 3000 lux and a light-dark period of 12 h to 12 h. Sterile seawater medium without algicidal substances was used as a control (see FIG. 1). Wherein the sterilized seawater culture medium containing low-dose algae-dissolving substance (main active ingredient is 3,3', 5' -tetrabromo-2, 2' -biphenol) is 2216E, and the preparation method comprises accurately weighing peptone 5.0 g, yeast extract 1.0 g, ferric citrate 0.1 g and various inorganic salts (including sodium chloride 19.45 g, magnesium chloride 5.98 g, etc.), sequentially dissolving in 800 mL pure water, and fixing volume to 1L. After the medium was sub-packaged, it was autoclaved at 121℃for 20 minutes.|[0028] The result shows that in the control group without adding the algicidal substance, the enteromorpha keeps the normal growth state, the algae is complete and has bright green color, and after 24 hours of treatment with the algicidal substance, the enteromorpha is obviously deactivated, and the phenomena of yellowing, sedimentation, atrophy and decomposition of the algae appear. Experimental results show that the algae-dissolving substance can cause rapid death of algae species in a short time, and shows important application value in algal bloom control and water ecological environment protection.|[0029] Example 2|[0030] And 2024, 7 months, collecting fresh and decayed enteromorpha at the green tide outbreak site of Qingdao city in Shandong province, removing impurities, and repeatedly flushing the algae by using sterilized seawater. And collecting peripheral seawater, and filtering with 3 micrometer filter membrane. Mixing Enteromorpha with fresh seawater, placing in a pickling glass barrel, adding mineral compound and fully and uniformly mixing, setting the density of the Enteromorpha in the mixing system to be 5g/L, setting the concentration of the mineral compound to be 0.05g/L (the contents of clay mineral, alkaline mineral and algae-dissolving substances in the mineral compound are respectively 0.25g, 0.08g and 0.002 g), setting a control group without adding the mineral compound (seawater+large-scale seaweed) and a control group without adding the Enteromorpha (seawater+mineral compound), and setting a blank group without adding the Enteromorpha and the mineral compound (seawater). And carrying out an enteromorpha degradation experiment for 90 days under a constant temperature dark condition. Seawater samples (days 0,1, 3,5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150) were collected in the enteromorpha degradation system, and dynamic changes in pH, DO, and CO 2 partial pressure (pCO 2) were monitored (see fig. 2-4).|[0031] The results show that enteromorpha degradation group (sea water+kelp) without mineral complex added has Dissolved Oxygen (DO) drastically decreased within 30 days, showing a severe anoxic state, while the DO decrease rate of mineral complex addition group (sea water+kelp+mineral complex) is slower, has smaller amplitude, and shows a faster recovery trend at a later stage (FIG. 2). In the experimental group without mineral compound, the pH value of the water body continuously decreases from the initial 8.0 to about 6.8, the acidification is obvious, the pH decrease amplitude is obviously slowed down under the influence of the mineral compound, and the whole process is kept at a relatively high level (figure 3). By monitoring the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2), the peak of pCO 2 in the mineral complex addition group was significantly reduced by about 58% compared to the enteromorpha degradation group, demonstrating that it was effective in reducing the release of CO 2 (FIG. 4). Therefore, the addition of the mineral compound delays the degradation of the decayed algae, remarkably reduces the release amount of CO 2, simultaneously improves the pH value of seawater, and effectively relieves the problems of water acidification and hypoxia caused by the degradation of enteromorpha.|[0032] In addition to pH, DO and CO 2, DOC release dynamics during decay of the decay enteromorpha are also studied. Based on the dynamic change result of DOC, the release rate of the DOC in the early degradation stage of the enteromorpha is slow and the concentration is remarkably low after the mineral compound is added (figure 5). In addition, 30% (relative to the original enteromorpha biomass degradation) of the decayed enteromorpha algae carbon is reserved in different carbon forms (mainly DIC, DOC, POC and clastic carbon) through long-term degradation, and under the long-term effect of minerals, the algae carbon remains about 45%, and the total carbon sequestration amount is increased by 50%. This indicates that the use of the mineral complex not only inhibits the decomposition of algae, reduces the release of CO 2, but also increases the burial amount of algae carbon, so that the algae has the capacity of long-term carbon sequestration. | (CN121516936)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine environmental protection and carbon sink, in particular to a mineral compound for reducing the harm and increasing the sink of green tide and application thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The enteromorpha is gathered in a large quantity during the growth period, so that sunlight is shielded, gas exchange of ocean water is hindered, dissolved oxygen in the seawater is consumed, and the survival of aquatic organisms is seriously influenced. At present, most of treatment means of algal bloom, such as physical salvage, flocculation sedimentation and the like, aim at promoting sedimentation/decay of algal bloom, and aim at removing algae in a short time. However, these methods fail to systematically address secondary environmental problems associated with subsequent degradation of the algal bodies.|[0003] It is estimated that millions of tons of subsidence enteromorpha algae settle on the seafloor in the last green tide of each year, undergo a severe microbiological mineralization process. The process not only causes ecological environment problems such as partial sea area hypoxia and acidification, but also enables organic carbon immobilized in the algae to be rapidly degraded and released to the atmosphere again in the form of CO 2, so that the contribution of the organic carbon serving as potential carbon sink is weakened. The existing treatment modes comprise physical salvage, decomposed sedimentation, flocculation sedimentation and the like, and although the algae can be rapidly removed from the water body, the algae cannot be blocked from accumulating on the seabed and entering the aerobic degradation stage. The influence of the environmental residue of the partially used minerals (such as modified clay) is limited, but the problems of carbon re-release and local ecological deterioration caused by the degradation of algae cannot be relieved. As can be seen, the prior art systems focus on "how to remove algae" and lack an effective pair of carbon lodging and environmental effects for "post-extinction" thereof.|[0004] Therefore, how to develop a synergistic technology capable of controlling the negative influence of green tide, promoting the stable sequestration of algae carbon and enhancing the actual carbon sink capacity of the ocean aiming at the environmental problems of carbon circulation imbalance, seawater hypoxia, acidification and the like caused by death of enteromorpha is a key problem to be solved in the field at present.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] Aiming at the problems of carbon sink loss and offshore environmental deterioration caused by natural degradation of green tide of large-scale enteromorpha, the invention aims to provide the application of the mineral compound for reducing harm and increasing sink of the green tide in relieving the offshore environment caused by the large-scale green tide.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0007] The mineral compound for reducing the harmful substances and increasing the sink of green tide comprises, by mass, 75% -85% of clay minerals, 19% -29% of alkaline minerals and 0.1% -1% of natural algae dissolving substances. |[0008] Preferably, the mineral compound comprises 75-80% of clay mineral, 19-24% of alkaline mineral and 0.5-1% of natural algae dissolving substance by mass percent.|[0009] The clay mineral is one or more of natural montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite, and the purity of the clay mineral is higher than 80 percent, so that the clay mineral can be used.|[0010] The alkaline mineral is one or more of natural limestone, calcite and aragonite, and the purity of the alkaline mineral is higher than 80 percent, so that the alkaline mineral can be used.|[0011] The natural algicidal substance is 3,3', 5' -tetrabromo-2, 2' -biphenol, and can be generated by bacterial metabolism or chemical synthesis.|[0012] The compound is used as an active ingredient to prepare a preparation, and the preparation is in the form of solid powder or water suspension.|[0013] Use of a mineral complex for reducing harm and increasing sink of green tide as a treatment agent for alleviating hypoxia and acidification of offshore environmental seawater caused by decaying algae in a large scale green tide.|[0014] The application of the mineral compound in the treating agent for efficiently relieving seawater hypoxia and acidification caused by large-scale decay of enteromorpha in enteromorpha green tide.|[0015] The mineral compound is applied to promoting the decay of enteromorpha in the sea area and relieving green tide.|[0016] The application of the compound in promoting the long-term burying of algae-derived organic carbon.|[0017] The mineral complex is added into the sea area to be treated, and the final concentration in the sea area is not more than 0.05 g/L.|[0018] The invention has the advantages that:|[0019] The mineral compound consists of natural clay mineral, alkaline mineral and natural algae dissolving matter. The clay mineral effectively delays the decomposition rate of microorganisms on organic matters through adsorption performance and a physical coating layer on the surface of the algae body, the alkaline mineral continuously releases carbonate/bicarbonate ions, acidic substances generated in the degradation process are neutralized, the acid-base balance of the water body is maintained, and natural algae-dissolving substances are used for accelerating the decay of enteromorpha through targeted cracking of the algae cells. The three components are not simply overlapped, but are mutually promoted to generate a synergistic effect, namely, after natural algae dissolving substances promote algae cells to break, clay minerals can fully adsorb and wrap released organic matters to form a stable 'algae-mineral' complex, and alkaline minerals provide a more stable interface environment for the clay minerals while relieving acidification, so that the carbon fixing capacity of the clay minerals is enhanced. The three components are synergistic, can obviously relieve the problems of seawater hypoxia and acidification caused by green tide outbreak, simultaneously promote the long-term burying of algae-derived organic carbon in the ocean, and has obvious carbon gain effect. The material is environment-friendly, simple to operate and controllable in cost, and has the potential of large-scale application. The invention provides a safe and effective technical means for improving the carbon sink capacity of the large-scale green tide and treating the offshore environment. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of algicidal substances on the growth state of Enteromorpha prolifera according to an embodiment of the present invention.|[0021] Fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect of mineral complex addition on pH during degradation of enteromorpha in an embodiment of the present invention.|[0022] Fig. 3 is a graph showing the effect of mineral complex addition on Dissolved Oxygen (DO) during enteromorpha degradation in an embodiment of the present invention.|[0023] Fig. 4 is a graph showing the effect of mineral complex addition on CO 2 release during enteromorpha degradation in an embodiment of the present invention.|[0024] Fig. 5 is a graph showing the influence of mineral complex addition on the content of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the degradation process of enteromorpha in the embodiment of the present invention.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0025] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is further provided in connection with the accompanying examples, and it should be noted that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only, and are not limiting of the invention.|[0026] Example 1|[0027] Fresh enteromorpha in the green tide outbreak period is selected as an experimental object, and is placed in a sterilized seawater culture medium containing low-dose algae-dissolving substances (the main active components are 3,3', 5' -tetrabromo-2, 2' -biphenol) to be cultured under the conditions of 20 ℃ and illumination intensity of 3000 lux and a light-dark period of 12 h to 12 h. Sterile seawater medium without algicidal substances was used as a control (see FIG. 1). Wherein the sterilized seawater culture medium containing low-dose algae-dissolving substance (main active ingredient is 3,3', 5' -tetrabromo-2, 2' -biphenol) is 2216E, and the preparation method comprises accurately weighing peptone 5.0 g, yeast extract 1.0 g, ferric citrate 0.1 g and various inorganic salts (including sodium chloride 19.45 g, magnesium chloride 5.98 g, etc.), sequentially dissolving in 800 mL pure water, and fixing volume to 1L. After the medium was sub-packaged, it was autoclaved at 121℃for 20 minutes.|[0028] The result shows that in the control group without adding the algicidal substance, the enteromorpha keeps the normal growth state, the algae is complete and has bright green color, and after 24 hours of treatment with the algicidal substance, the enteromorpha is obviously deactivated, and the phenomena of yellowing, sedimentation, atrophy and decomposition of the algae appear. Experimental results show that the algae-dissolving substance can cause rapid death of algae species in a short time, and shows important application value in algal bloom control and water ecological environment protection.|[0029] Example 2|[0030] And 2024, 7 months, collecting fresh and decayed enteromorpha at the green tide outbreak site of Qingdao city in Shandong province, removing impurities, and repeatedly flushing the algae by using sterilized seawater. And collecting peripheral seawater, and filtering with 3 micrometer filter membrane. Mixing Enteromorpha with fresh seawater, placing in a pickling glass barrel, adding mineral compound and fully and uniformly mixing, setting the density of the Enteromorpha in the mixing system to be 5g/L, setting the concentration of the mineral compound to be 0.05g/L (the contents of clay mineral, alkaline mineral and algae-dissolving substances in the mineral compound are respectively 0.25g, 0.08g and 0.002 g), setting a control group without adding the mineral compound (seawater+large-scale seaweed) and a control group without adding the Enteromorpha (seawater+mineral compound), and setting a blank group without adding the Enteromorpha and the mineral compound (seawater). And carrying out an enteromorpha degradation experiment for 90 days under a constant temperature dark condition. Seawater samples (days 0,1, 3,5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150) were collected in the enteromorpha degradation system, and dynamic changes in pH, DO, and CO 2 partial pressure (pCO 2) were monitored (see fig. 2-4).|[0031] The results show that enteromorpha degradation group (sea water+kelp) without mineral complex added has Dissolved Oxygen (DO) drastically decreased within 30 days, showing a severe anoxic state, while the DO decrease rate of mineral complex addition group (sea water+kelp+mineral complex) is slower, has smaller amplitude, and shows a faster recovery trend at a later stage (FIG. 2). In the experimental group without mineral compound, the pH value of the water body continuously decreases from the initial 8.0 to about 6.8, the acidification is obvious, the pH decrease amplitude is obviously slowed down under the influence of the mineral compound, and the whole process is kept at a relatively high level (figure 3). By monitoring the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2), the peak of pCO 2 in the mineral complex addition group was significantly reduced by about 58% compared to the enteromorpha degradation group, demonstrating that it was effective in reducing the release of CO 2 (FIG. 4). Therefore, the addition of the mineral compound delays the degradation of the decayed algae, remarkably reduces the release amount of CO 2, simultaneously improves the pH value of seawater, and effectively relieves the problems of water acidification and hypoxia caused by the degradation of enteromorpha.|[0032] In addition to pH, DO and CO 2, DOC release dynamics during decay of the decay enteromorpha are also studied. Based on the dynamic change result of DOC, the release rate of the DOC in the early degradation stage of the enteromorpha is slow and the concentration is remarkably low after the mineral compound is added (figure 5). In addition, 30% (relative to the original enteromorpha biomass degradation) of the decayed enteromorpha algae carbon is reserved in different carbon forms (mainly DIC, DOC, POC and clastic carbon) through long-term degradation, and under the long-term effect of minerals, the algae carbon remains about 45%, and the total carbon sequestration amount is increased by 50%. This indicates that the use of the mineral complex not only inhibits the decomposition of algae, reduces the release of CO 2, but also increases the burial amount of algae carbon, so that the algae has the capacity of long-term carbon sequestration. | Family Number|(117819340)|117819340|Abstract|(CN121516936 A)|The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment protection and carbon sink , in particular to a mineral compound for reducing harm and increasing sink of green tide and application of the mineral compound . And the mineral compound comprises the following components in percentage by mass : 75-85% of clay minerals , 19-29% of alkaline minerals and 0.1-1% of natural algicidal substances . The three components in the compound have a synergistic effect , the problems of seawater anoxia and acidification caused by green tide outbreak can be remarkably relieved , meanwhile , long - term burying of algae - derived organic carbon in the ocean is promoted , and the compound has a remarkable carbon gain effect . The method is environment - friendly , simple to operate and controllable in cost , and has the potential of large - scale application . The invention provides a safe and effective technical means for improving the carbon sequestration capacity of large - scale green tide and treating the offshore environment . | | Basic materials chemistry|Environmental technology | A01N-031/08|A01N-065/00|A01N-065/28|A01N-2300/00|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/50|C02F-001/66|C02F-003/34|C02F-2101/16|C02F-2103/023|C02F-2103/08|C02F-2103/20|C02F-2209/22|C02F-2303/02|C02F-2303/04|C02F-2303/20 | A01N-031/08|A01N-065/00|A01N-065/28|A01N-2300/00|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/50|C02F-001/66|C02F-003/34|C02F-2101/16|C02F-2103/023|C02F-2103/08|C02F-2103/20|C02F-2209/22|C02F-2303/02|C02F-2303/04|C02F-2303/20 | A01N-031/08|A01P-013/00|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/28|C02F-001/66|C02F-103/08 | A01N-031/08|A01P-013/00|C02F-001/00|C02F-001/28|C02F-001/66|C02F-103/08 | PENDING | (CN121516936)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN121516936)|ALIVE | (CN121516936)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN121516936|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-11-05|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-11-05|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202511606729|Application date=2025-11-05|Standardized application number=2025CN-1606729|Event publication date=2026-02-13|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN121516936|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2026-02-13|Standardized publication number=CN121516936|Event publication date=2026-02-13|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2026-03-06|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN121516936)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKeeVsxTHY8dA1fn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000080880253&ekey=2031&xpn=CN121516936&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=ASnyKxZk1Hphz3vu1uCZDZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN121516936)|CN | (CN121516936)|NAME=QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF BIOENERGY & BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN | (CN121516936)|NAME=GAO XIAO;SHENYANG PATENT & TRADEMARK AGENCY ACADEMIA SINICA , REG=21002 | (CN121516936)|CN | (CN121516936)|NAME=ZHANG YONGYU, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=WANG XIAOJIE|NAME=ZHANG ZENGHU | Titre: (CN121516936)|Mineral compound for reducing harm and increasing convergence of green tide and application of mineral compound Résumé: (CN121516936)|The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment protection and carbon sink, in particular to a mineral compound for reducing harm and increasing sink of green tide and application of the mineral compound. And the mineral compound comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-85% of clay minerals, 19-29% of alkaline minerals and 0.1-1% of natural algicidal substances. The three components in the compound have a synergistic effect, the problems of seawater anoxia and acidification caused by green tide outbreak can be remarkably relieved, meanwhile, long-term burying of algae-derived organic carbon in the ocean is promoted, and the compound has a remarkable carbon gain effect. The method is environment-friendly, simple to operate and controllable in cost, and has the potential of large-scale application. The invention provides a safe and effective technical means for improving the carbon sequestration capacity of large-scale green tide and treating the offshore environment. | 49.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a mineral compound for addressing green tide issues and improving carbon sequestration, but it does not mention iron fertilization or the stimulation of phytoplankton growth specifically for CO₂ uptake. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN121516936)|1 | (CN121516936)|9 | (CN121516936)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN121516936)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN121516936)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2026-02-13|Gazette number: GAZNUM=42-0702|Number of Pages: NPAGES=8| | (CN121516936)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN121516936)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60 | CN202411434818 | CN202411434818 | CN118962032|CN118962032 | 112199559 | CN118962032 B 2025-03-28 [CN118962032B]|CN118962032 A 2024-11-15 [CN118962032] | 2024-10-15 | 2024-10-15 | 2025-03-28|2024-11-15 | (CN118962032B)|2025-03-28 | (CN118962032)|2044-10-15 | (CN118962032)|Marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system | (CN118962032)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sink data analysis, in particular to an ocean carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system, which comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine environment parameters in real time; the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module analyzes the association between the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and marine environment parameters in real time, and dynamically tracks the influence of environment change on the seaweed bed carbon sink function; the data analysis module analyzes the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time; and the early warning module detects the abnormal change of the carbon sequestration capacity, and when the carbon sequestration capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value, early warning is automatically given out. According to the invention, the key environmental factors influencing the carbon sequestration capability can be rapidly identified, managers are helped to rapidly cope with ecological risks brought by environmental changes, and more scientific carbon sequestration management decision support is provided. | INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY - CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES|SHANDONG MARINE FORECASTING & DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER | (CN118962032)|INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN])|SHANDONG MARINE FORECASTING AND DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER|(CN118962032)|INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ([CN])|SHANDONG MARINE FORECASTING AND DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER | LIU JIE|LIU XIAOHUI|WANG XITAO|ZHU ANCHENG|JIN XIN|CHEN LU|ZHOU XIANGJUN | (CN118962032)|LIU JIE|LIU XIAOHUI|WANG XITAO|ZHU ANCHENG|JIN XIN|CHEN LU|ZHOU XIANGJUN|(CN118962032)|LIU JIE|LIU XIAOHUI|WANG XITAO|ZHU ANCHENG|JIN XIN|CHEN LU|ZHOU XIANGJUN | (CN118962032)|CHENG DAN;BEIJING XINYU CHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 16121 | (CN118962032)|Through the content, the change of the recent data can be responded more quickly, so that the trend of the future carbon sink capacity can be predicted more accurately, the predicted result can reflect the current trend in time, the flexibility and the high responsiveness are beneficial to managers to make more accurate decisions in a short period, and quick response is made to the potential risk change, so that the effectiveness and the foresight of the carbon sink management are improved.|The existing ocean carbon sink monitoring technology generally depends on regular field sampling and laboratory analysis, has the problems of poor real-time performance, limited coverage range, low monitoring frequency and the like, is difficult to cope with the rapidly-changing ocean environment, and in addition, the prior art is insufficient in correlation analysis of the carbon sink capacity of a seaweed bed and environmental parameters, cannot effectively identify key environmental factors influencing the carbon sink capacity, so that scientificity and foresight are lacked in management decision making, ecological risks are difficult to cope with in time, and meanwhile, the existing system has limited abnormal early warning function, is difficult to react rapidly and proposes specific ecological restoration or environmental intervention suggestions.| | (CN118962032)|1. The marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system is characterized by comprising a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, wherein the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine carbon sink data; The data acquisition and preprocessing module acquires marine environment parameters including the temperature, the salinity, the dissolved oxygen, the nutrient salt concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration of the seawater in real time through sensors arranged in the ocean, and preprocesses the acquired marine environment parameters, including cleaning and standardization; the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module is used for analyzing the association between seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and ocean environment parameters in real time based on the pretreated ocean environment parameters, and dynamically tracking the influence of environmental changes on the seaweed bed carbon sink function; The seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module comprises: Establishing a correlation model of the pretreated marine environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, and identifying environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity; the carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment is to assess the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed in real time based on the result of the environmental parameter association analysis, and monitor the carbon sink performance of the seaweed bed under the current environmental condition; environmental change influence tracking, namely evaluating potential risks of environmental change on ecological health and carbon sink functions of the seaweed bed by analyzing marine environmental parameter changes in different time periods; the environmental parameter association analysis includes: The data input and arrangement, namely taking the pretreated marine environment parameters as input data, taking the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity as output variables, and constructing a multivariable data set; establishing a correlation model, namely establishing a correlation model between marine environment parameters and seaweed bed carbon sink capacity by adopting a linear regression algorithm; Importance analysis and identification of influencing factors, namely, under the condition of using a random forest model, identifying key environmental factors influencing carbon sink capacity by calculating feature importance analysis; the carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment includes: The time sequence analysis model is applied, wherein an ARIMA model is used for predicting the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to the historical marine environment parameters and the carbon sink capacity data; inputting current marine environment parameters acquired in real time into a correlation model, dynamically monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed by combining a time sequence prediction result, and evaluating the carbon sink performance under the current environment condition; The environmental change impact tracking includes: Dividing marine environment parameters into T 1,T2,…,Tn according to time periods, wherein each time period contains different environment data, and monitoring the change condition of the marine environment parameters in different time periods; Ecological health assessment, namely assessing potential risks of environmental changes on ecological health and carbon sink functions of the seaweed bed based on a set environmental parameter threshold; The data analysis module is used for combining the results of the correlation analysis of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the marine environment parameters, analyzing the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and generating a real-time report of the carbon sink capacity, wherein the report comprises the historical change trend, the current state and the predicted future change condition of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity; the early warning module detects abnormal changes of the carbon sink capacity based on the generated carbon sink capacity real-time report, and automatically sends out early warning when the carbon sink capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value, and prompts related departments to take management measures including ecological restoration or environmental intervention. | | (CN118962032)|The invention provides a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system.|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sink data analysis, in particular to a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system, which comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, wherein the data acquisition and preprocessing module acquires marine environment parameters in real time, the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module analyzes the association of seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and marine environment parameters in real time, dynamically tracks the influence of environmental changes on seaweed bed carbon sink functions, the data analysis module analyzes the dynamic changes of carbon sink capacity in real time, and the early warning module detects abnormal changes of carbon sink capacity and automatically sends early warning when the carbon sink capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value.|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sink data analysis, in particular to a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system.| | (CN118962032)|CARBON SINK(100,224)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(100,46)|DATA ACQUISITION(100,27)|REALTIME ANALYSIS(100,13)|CARBON SINK DATA ACQUISITION(100,9)|PREPROCESSING MODULE(95,14)|EARLY WARNING MODULE(93,12)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY(85,134)|SEAWEED(80,37)|SEAWEED BED(68,23)|SEAWEED ASSOCIATION(65,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(64,7)|ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS MODULE(62,12)|PRETREATED MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER(60,3)|INTERVENTION SUGGESTION(60,1)|PRETREATED OCEAN ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(51,3)|PARAMETER ASSOCIATION(49,9)|SEAWEED CORRELATION ANALYSIS(48,4)|SEAWEED CARBON SINK CAPACITY(46,8)|PREDICTION REPORT(44,9)|HISTORICAL MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(44,6)|CORRELATION ANALYSIS(42,8)|DIVIDING MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(42,1)|ECOLOGICAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT(41,3)|INFLUENCING FACTOR IDENTIFICATION(40,3)|CORRELATION MODEL(39,7)|ECOLOGICAL RISK(39,6)|CAPABILITY HISTORICAL TREND(39,1)|ACQUIRED MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(38,6)|PRETREATED MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(37,3)|FORESIGHT(36,2)|ACCURATE DECISION(36,1)|ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION(35,9)|PREDICTED FUTURE(35,3)|SEAWATER(34,15)|CAPACITY DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT(34,5)|ANALYZING ASSOCIATION(34,3)|HISTORICAL TREND IDENTIFICATION(34,3)|PRESET ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER THRESHOLD(34,1)|ABNORMAL CHANGE(33,10)|ARIMA MODEL(31,3)|CHANGE TREND PREDICTION(31,3)|INFLUENCING FACTOR(31,3)|INTERVENTION(30,6)|SEA ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(30,3)|LABORATORY ANALYSIS(30,1)|RESPONSIVENESS(30,1)|KEY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(29,8)|EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING MODEL(29,7)|TREND(28,5)|MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER CHANGE(28,3)|ECOLOGICAL HEALTH(27,7)|CALCULATING FEATURE IMPORTANCE(27,3)|MANAGEMENT MEASURE(27,3)|CORRELATION(26,8)|DEPARTMENT(26,6)|MONITORING FREQUENCY(26,1)|SCIENTIFIC CARBON(26,1)|ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT(25,3)|IMPORTANCE ANALYSIS(25,3)|DATA ANALYSIS MODULE(24,11)|ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER MISMATCH(24,4)|RAPIDLY CHANGING OCEAN ENVIRONMENT(24,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(23,12)|HISTORICAL CHANGE TREND(23,7)|RANDOM FOREST MODEL(23,3)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(23,2)|ENVIRONMENT DATA(23,1)|CHANGE TREND(22,9)|TRACKING(22,6)|MANAGEMENT PLATFORM(22,3)|NUTRIENT SALT CONCENTRATION(22,3)|STANDARDIZATION(22,3)|RISK CHANGE(22,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE(21,23)|PRESET THRESHOLD VALUE(21,8)|CLEANED MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(21,3)|NUTRITIVE SALT(21,3)|Z SCORE STANDARDIZATION(21,3)|CARBON EXCHANGE CAPACITY(21,1)|CARBON SINK PERFORMANCE(20,8)|SEA(20,3)|MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING(20,1)|DATA ANALYSIS(19,13)|SALINITY(19,5)|FEATURE IMPORTANCE(19,4)|SCIENTIFICITY(18,4)|SEAWEED BED ECOLOGICAL HEALTH(18,4)|ENVIRONMENT CONDITION(18,3)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY FUTURE(18,1)|WARNING FUNCTION(18,1)|AMMONIA NITROGEN(17,3)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY FLUCTUATION(17,3)|CONDUCTIVITY SENSOR(17,3)|CARBON SINK MANAGEMENT(16,8)|CARBON SINK DATA COLLECTION(16,4)|LINEAR REGRESSION(15,3)|CARBON SINK DATA ANALYSIS(15,2)|SET ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER THRESHOLD(15,2)|DATA STANDARDIZATION(14,3)|PREDICTED RESULT(14,1)|CAPACITY DATA(13,3)|NOTICE MODE(13,3)|REGULAR FIELD SAMPLING(13,1)|SHORT PERIOD(13,1)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN(12,8)|ABNORMAL DATA(12,3)|ACQUIRE TEMPERATURE(12,3)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY DATA(12,3)|SHORT MESSAGE(12,3)|MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT(12,2)|SEAWEED DECISION SCIENTIFICITY(12,1)|SEAWEED DECISION TIMELINESS(12,1)|CARBON SINK FUNCTION(11,10)|PARAMETER THRESHOLD VALUECOMPARISON(11,2)|QUICK RESPONSE(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(10,7)|SEQUENCE ANALYSIS(10,6)|CARBON SINK DATA(10,3)|CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER INPUT(10,3)|DATA INPUT(10,3)|DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE(10,3)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN SENSOR(10,3)|EARLY WARNING SIGNAL(10,3)|ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR(10,3)|EMAIL(10,3)|NITRATE(10,3)|RISING(10,3)|ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION TIMELINESS(10,1)|STATE ANALYSIS(10,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION(9,4)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY REDUCTION(9,3)|INPUT DATA(9,3)|OUT EARLY WARNING(9,3)|SEAWEED BED HEALTH(9,1)|SEA TEMPERATURE SENSOR(8,3)|SEAWEED ACCURACY(8,2)|ABNORMAL EARLY WARNING(8,1)|LIMITED COVERAGE RANGE(8,1)|FUTURE PREDICTION(7,2)|ABNORMAL FLUCTUATION(7,1)|CAPACITY HISTORICAL TREND(7,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER HISTORICAL AVERAGE(7,1)|MANAGEMENT ADVICE(7,1)|MANAGEMENT MEASURE SUGGESTION(7,1)|SEAWEED BED ECOLOGICAL STABILITY(7,1)|TIMELY MANAGEMENT(7,1)|REALTIME(6,36)|REALTIME REPORT(6,9)|DECISION MAKING(6,5)|MULTIVARIABLE DATA SET(6,3)|OUTPUT VARIABLE(6,3)|PRESET FUTURE TIME(6,2)|CHANGE TREND TIMELY DISCOVERY(6,1)|COMPREHENSIVE HISTORICAL DATA REVIEW(6,1)|GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION BALANCE(6,1)|IMPORTANCE CONTRIBUTION(6,1)|SCIENTIFIC DECISION(6,1)|TREND PREDICTION(6,1)|NOISE POINT(5,3)|ENVIRONMENT INTERVENTION(5,2)|ACCURATE DYNAMIC EVALUATION(5,1)|CHANGEABLE MARINE ENVIRONMENT(5,1)|ENVIRONMENT ABNORMALITY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENT FLUCTUATION(5,1)|PARAMETER CORRELATION(5,1)|PARAMETER REGRESSION COEFFICIENT(5,1)|RELIABLE MANAGEMENT(5,1)|SEAWEED CHANGE TREND(5,1)|STANDARD DEVIATIONCALCULATING(5,1)|DATA CLEANING(4,3)|BIAS TERM(4,2)|ACQUISITION FREQUENCY(4,1)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY ASSESSMENT(4,1)|CARBON SINK DYNAMIC REPORT(4,1)|CARBON SINK OPTIMIZATION(4,1)|COMPREHENSIVE TREND ANALYSIS(4,1)||(CN118962032)|CARBON SINK(100,231)|DATA ACQUISITION(100,28)|REALTIME ANALYSIS(100,17)|CARBON SINK DATA ACQUISITION(100,9)|PREPROCESSING MODULE(99,15)|EARLY WARNING MODULE(87,12)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(81,49)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY(71,127)|SEAWEED(67,33)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(65,9)|INTERVENTION SUGGESTION(56,1)|SEAWEED BED(55,25)|ANALYZING ASSOCIATION(53,4)|ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS MODULE(50,11)|SEAWEED BED ECOLOGICAL HEALTH(50,7)|PRETREATED OCEAN ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(48,3)|SEAWEED CORRELATION ANALYSIS(44,4)|PREDICTION REPORT(41,9)|CORRELATION ANALYSIS(39,8)|CAPABILITY HISTORICAL TREND(37,1)|ACQUIRED MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(36,6)|ECOLOGICAL RISK(36,6)|PRETREATED MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER(36,3)|PARAMETER ASSOCIATION(34,11)|FORESIGHT(34,2)|ACCURATE DECISION(34,1)|PREDICTED FUTURE(33,3)|ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION(32,9)|HISTORICAL MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(32,6)|HISTORICAL TREND IDENTIFICATION(32,3)|ABNORMAL CHANGE(31,10)|SEAWATER(30,12)|PARAMETER THRESHOLD VALUECOMPARISON(30,3)|INTERVENTION(28,6)|LABORATORY ANALYSIS(28,1)|RESPONSIVENESS(28,1)|EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING MODEL(27,7)|MANAGEMENT MEASURE SUGGESTION(27,3)|TREND(26,5)|CAPACITY HISTORICAL TREND(26,4)|MANAGEMENT MEASURE(25,3)|CORRELATION MODEL(24,7)|DEPARTMENT(24,6)|SEAWEED CARBON SINK CAPACITY(24,6)|ECOLOGICAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT(24,3)|MONITORING FREQUENCY(24,1)|SCIENTIFIC CARBON(24,1)|DATA ANALYSIS MODULE(23,11)|KEY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(23,8)|ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT(23,3)|PRETREATED MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(23,3)|ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER MISMATCH(22,4)|PARAMETER CORRELATION(22,2)|DYNAMIC CHANGE(22,1)|RAPIDLY CHANGING OCEAN ENVIRONMENT(22,1)|CARBON SINK DATA COLLECTION(21,8)|FUTURE PREDICTION(21,4)|SEAWEED CHANGE TREND(21,4)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(21,2)|RISK CHANGE(21,1)|PRESET THRESHOLD VALUE(20,7)|MANAGEMENT PLATFORM(20,3)|NUTRIENT SALT CONCENTRATION(20,3)|STANDARDIZATION(20,3)|Z SCORE STANDARDIZATION(20,3)|CAPABILITY DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT(20,1)|CARBON EXCHANGE CAPACITY(20,1)|ARIMA MODEL(19,3)|CLEANED MARINE ENVIRONMENT PARAMETER(19,3)|NUTRITIVE SALT(19,3)|STANDARDIZATION TREATMENT(19,3)|MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING(19,1)|SALINITY(18,5)|HISTORICAL CHANGE TREND(18,4)|SEA(18,3)|DATA ANALYSIS(17,13)|ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR(17,12)|SCIENTIFICITY(17,4)|MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER CHANGE(17,3)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY FUTURE(17,1)|WARNING FUNCTION(17,1)|CARBON SINK DATA(16,4)|AMMONIA NITROGEN(16,3)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY FLUCTUATION(16,3)|CONDUCTIVITY SENSOR(16,3)|IMPORTANCE ANALYSIS(16,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS MODULE(16,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE(15,23)|CARBON SINK MANAGEMENT(15,8)|OUT EARLY WARNING(14,4)|CARBON SINK DATA ANALYSIS(14,2)|CAPACITY DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT(13,4)|MONITORING CAPACITY(13,3)|RANDOM FOREST MODEL(13,3)|PREDICTED RESULT(13,1)|CARBON SINK FUNCTION(12,12)|CARBON SINK PERFORMANCE(12,8)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY MONITORING(12,3)|NOTICE MODE(12,3)|REGULAR FIELD SAMPLING(12,1)|SHORT PERIOD(12,1)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN(11,8)|FEATURE IMPORTANCE(11,4)|ABNORMAL DATA(11,3)|CARBON SINK CAPABILITY(11,3)|EMAIL(11,3)|ENVIRONMENT CONDITION(11,3)|SHORT MESSAGE(11,3)|MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT(11,2)|SEAWEED DECISION SCIENTIFICITY(11,1)|SEAWEED DECISION TIMELINESS(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(10,7)|QUICK RESPONSE(10,1)|CARBON SINK ANALYSIS(9,4)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(9,3)|CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER INPUT(9,3)|DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE(9,3)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN SENSOR(9,3)|EARLY WARNING SIGNAL(9,3)|ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR(9,3)|LINEAR REGRESSION(9,3)|NITRATE(9,3)|RISING(9,3)|ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION TIMELINESS(9,1)|STATE ANALYSIS(9,1)|TRACKING(8,5)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY REDUCTION(8,3)|OCEAN TEMPERATURE SENSOR(8,3)|SET ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER THRESHOLD(8,3)|SEAWEED ACCURACY(8,2)|SEAWEED BED HEALTH(8,1)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY DATA(7,3)|ABNORMAL EARLY WARNING(7,1)|LIMITED COVERAGE RANGE(7,1)|REALTIME REPORT(6,9)|DECISION MAKING(6,5)|DATA NORMALIZATION(6,3)|PARAMETER CHANGE ANALYSIS(6,3)|PRESET FUTURE TIME(6,2)|ABNORMAL FLUCTUATION(6,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER HISTORICAL AVERAGE(6,1)|MANAGEMENT ADVICE(6,1)|SEAWEED BED ECOLOGICAL STABILITY(6,1)|TIMELY MANAGEMENT(6,1)|REALTIME(5,34)|DATA INPUT(5,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL DATA(5,3)|INPUT DATA(5,3)|NOISE POINT(5,3)|ENVIRONMENT INTERVENTION(5,2)|PREDICTING FUTURE CHANGE(5,2)|CHANGE TREND TIMELY DISCOVERY(5,1)|COMPREHENSIVE HISTORICAL DATA REVIEW(5,1)|GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION BALANCE(5,1)|IMPORTANCE CONTRIBUTION(5,1)|SCIENTIFIC DECISION(5,1)|TREND PREDICTION(5,1)|DATA CLEANING(4,4)|SENDING OUT EARLY WARNING(4,3)|BIAS TERM(4,2)|ACCURATE DYNAMIC EVALUATION(4,1)|CHANGEABLE MARINE ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|ENVIRONMENT ABNORMALITY(4,1)|ENVIRONMENT FLUCTUATION(4,1)|PARAMETER REGRESSION COEFFICIENT(4,1)|RELIABLE MANAGEMENT(4,1)|STANDARD DEVIATIONCALCULATING(4,1)|MULTIVARIABLE DATA SET(3,3)|OUTPUT VARIABLE(3,3)|ACQUISITION FREQUENCY(3,1)| | (CN118962032)|1. The marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system is characterized by comprising a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, wherein the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine carbon sink data;| The data acquisition and preprocessing module acquires marine environment parameters including the temperature, the salinity, the dissolved oxygen, the nutrient salt concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration of the seawater in real time through sensors arranged in the ocean, and preprocesses the acquired marine environment parameters, including cleaning and standardization; | the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module is used for analyzing the association between seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and ocean environment parameters in real time based on the pretreated ocean environment parameters, and dynamically tracking the influence of environmental changes on the seaweed bed carbon sink function; | The seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module comprises: | Establishing a correlation model of the pretreated marine environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, and identifying environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity; | the carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment is to assess the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed in real time based on the result of the environmental parameter association analysis, and monitor the carbon sink performance of the seaweed bed under the current environmental condition; | environmental change influence tracking, namely evaluating potential risks of environmental change on ecological health and carbon sink functions of the seaweed bed by analyzing marine environmental parameter changes in different time periods; | the environmental parameter association analysis includes: | The data input and arrangement, namely taking the pretreated marine environment parameters as input data, taking the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity as output variables, and constructing a multivariable data set; | establishing a correlation model, namely establishing a correlation model between marine environment parameters and seaweed bed carbon sink capacity by adopting a linear regression algorithm; | Importance analysis and identification of influencing factors, namely, under the condition of using a random forest model, identifying key environmental factors influencing carbon sink capacity by calculating feature importance analysis; | the carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment includes: | The time sequence analysis model is applied, wherein an ARIMA model is used for predicting the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to the historical marine environment parameters and the carbon sink capacity data; | inputting current marine environment parameters acquired in real time into a correlation model, dynamically monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed by combining a time sequence prediction result, and evaluating the carbon sink performance under the current environment condition; | The environmental change impact tracking includes: | Dividing marine environment parameters into T 1,T2,…,Tn according to time periods, wherein each time period contains different environment data, and monitoring the change condition of the marine environment parameters in different time periods; | Ecological health assessment, namely assessing potential risks of environmental changes on ecological health and carbon sink functions of the seaweed bed based on a set environmental parameter threshold; | The data analysis module is used for combining the results of the correlation analysis of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the marine environment parameters, analyzing the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and generating a real-time report of the carbon sink capacity, wherein the report comprises the historical change trend, the current state and the predicted future change condition of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity; | the early warning module detects abnormal changes of the carbon sink capacity based on the generated carbon sink capacity real-time report, and automatically sends out early warning when the carbon sink capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value, and prompts related departments to take management measures including ecological restoration or environmental intervention. |2. The marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition and preprocessing module comprises:| The method comprises the steps of data acquisition, namely, disposing a marine temperature sensor to acquire the temperature of seawater in real time, measuring the salinity of the seawater by utilizing a conductivity sensor, monitoring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the seawater in real time by utilizing a dissolved oxygen sensor, measuring the concentration of nutritive salt in the seawater by utilizing a chemical sensor, including nitrate, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, and monitoring the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the seawater by utilizing an electrochemical sensor; | Data cleaning, namely cleaning the acquired marine environment parameters by using mean filtering to remove abnormal data and noise points; | And (3) data standardization, namely carrying out standardization treatment on the cleaned marine environment parameters by using a z-score standardization method, and unifying dimensions of different marine environment parameters. |3. The marine carbon sink data collection and real-time analysis system of claim 1, wherein the data analysis module comprises:| combining the correlation analysis result of seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and environmental parameters, identifying the historical change trend, and combining the input of the current environmental parameters to calculate the carbon sink capacity at the current moment in real time; | Predicting the future change of the carbon sink capacity, namely predicting the future carbon sink capacity based on the analysis results of the historical trend and the current state, and generating a prediction report. |4. The marine carbon sink data collection and real-time analysis system of claim 3, wherein the carbon sink capability historical trend and current state analysis comprises:| Historical trend identification, namely analyzing the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to historical marine environment parameters through a time sequence analysis model; | and (3) environmental parameter association analysis, namely, combining an association model of ocean environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity, and inputting the current environmental parameters into the model for real-time calculation. |5. The marine carbon sink data collection and real-time analysis system of claim 4, wherein the carbon sink capacity future change prediction comprises:| Predicting the carbon sink capacity in a preset future time by using an exponential smoothing model based on the analysis results of the historical trend and the current state; | generating a prediction report, namely generating a carbon sink capacity change prediction report based on the calculation result of the exponential smoothing model, wherein the report comprises the rising or falling trend of the carbon sink capacity in the future and the ecological risk assessment. |6. The marine carbon sink data collection and real-time analysis system of claim 5, wherein the early warning module comprises:| monitoring carbon sink capacity, namely monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and detecting whether the carbon sink capacity has abnormal change or not by analyzing data in a carbon sink capacity real-time report, wherein the abnormal change comprises carbon sink capacity reduction, carbon sink capacity fluctuation and carbon sink capacity and environment parameter mismatch; | Comparing the real-time value y t of the carbon sink capacity with a preset environmental parameter threshold V th, and automatically triggering an early warning signal when the carbon sink capacity y t is lower than the threshold V th; | And sending an early warning and management measure suggestion, namely automatically sending an early warning notice to related departments when the carbon sink capacity is lower than a preset threshold value, wherein the early warning notice is communicated in a real-time notice mode of an email, a short message or a management platform, and the management measure suggestion is attached, wherein the early warning notice comprises implementation of an ecological restoration or environmental intervention scheme. | (CN118962032)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sink data analysis, in particular to a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The seaweed bed is used as an important marine ecosystem, can effectively absorb and store carbon dioxide, thus having a remarkable contribution to the carbon sink capacity of the sea, can promote the balance of global carbon circulation through monitoring and managing the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, and effectively aims at climate change, however, due to the complex and changeable marine environment, the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed and related environmental factors are monitored in real time and efficiently, and still are a great challenge in the current carbon sink management.|[0003] The existing ocean carbon sink monitoring technology generally depends on regular field sampling and laboratory analysis, has the problems of poor real-time performance, limited coverage range, low monitoring frequency and the like, is difficult to cope with the rapidly-changing ocean environment, and in addition, the prior art is insufficient in correlation analysis of the carbon sink capacity of a seaweed bed and environmental parameters, cannot effectively identify key environmental factors influencing the carbon sink capacity, so that scientificity and foresight are lacked in management decision making, ecological risks are difficult to cope with in time, and meanwhile, the existing system has limited abnormal early warning function, is difficult to react rapidly and proposes specific ecological restoration or environmental intervention suggestions.|[0004] The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system which can timely take management measures according to reports generated by the system, so that scientificity, prospective and decision timeliness of seaweed bed carbon sink management are effectively improved.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention provides a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system.|[0006] The marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, wherein the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine carbon sink data;|[0007] The data acquisition and preprocessing module acquires marine environment parameters including the temperature, the salinity, the dissolved oxygen, the nutrient salt concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration of the seawater in real time through sensors arranged in the ocean, and preprocesses the acquired marine environment parameters, including cleaning and standardization; |[0008] the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module is used for analyzing the association between seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and ocean environment parameters in real time based on the pretreated ocean environment parameters, and dynamically tracking the influence of environmental changes on the seaweed bed carbon sink function; |[0009] The data analysis module is used for combining the results of the correlation analysis of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the marine environment parameters, analyzing the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and generating a real-time report of the carbon sink capacity, wherein the report comprises the historical change trend, the current state and the predicted future change condition of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity; |[0010] the early warning module detects abnormal changes of the carbon sink capacity based on the generated carbon sink capacity real-time report, and automatically sends out early warning when the carbon sink capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value, and prompts related departments to take management measures including ecological restoration or environmental intervention. |[0011] Optionally, the data acquisition and preprocessing module includes:|[0012] The method comprises the steps of data acquisition, namely, disposing a marine temperature sensor to acquire the temperature of seawater in real time, measuring the salinity of the seawater by utilizing a conductivity sensor, monitoring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the seawater in real time by utilizing a dissolved oxygen sensor, measuring the concentration of nutritive salt in the seawater by utilizing a chemical sensor, including nitrate, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, and monitoring the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the seawater by utilizing an electrochemical sensor; |[0013] Data cleaning, namely cleaning the acquired marine environment parameters by using mean filtering to remove abnormal data and noise points; |[0014] And (3) data standardization, namely carrying out standardization treatment on the cleaned marine environment parameters by using a z-score standardization method, and unifying dimensions of different marine environment parameters. |[0015] Optionally, the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module includes:|[0016] Establishing a correlation model of the pretreated marine environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, and identifying environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity; |[0017] the carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment is to assess the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed in real time based on the result of the environmental parameter association analysis, and monitor the carbon sink performance of the seaweed bed under the current environmental condition; |[0018] environmental change influence tracking, namely evaluating potential risks of environmental changes on ecological health and carbon sink functions of the seaweed bed by analyzing marine environmental parameter changes in different time periods. |[0019] Optionally, the environmental parameter association analysis includes:|[0020] The data input and arrangement, namely taking the pretreated marine environment parameters as input data, taking the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity as output variables, and constructing a multivariable data set; |[0021] establishing a correlation model, namely establishing a correlation model between marine environment parameters and seaweed bed carbon sink capacity by adopting a linear regression algorithm; |[0022] importance analysis and identification of influencing factors in the case of using a random forest model, key environmental factors influencing carbon sink capacity are identified by calculating feature importance analysis. |[0023] Optionally, the dynamic assessment of carbon sink capacity includes:|[0024] The time sequence analysis model is applied, wherein an ARIMA model is used for predicting the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to the historical marine environment parameters and the carbon sink capacity data; |[0025] inputting the current marine environment parameters acquired in real time into a correlation model, dynamically monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed by combining the time sequence prediction result, and evaluating the carbon sink performance under the current environment condition. |[0026] Optionally, the environmental change influence tracking includes:|[0027] time period division and environmental parameter change analysis, namely dividing marine environmental parameters into time periods Each time period contains different environmental data (such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and the like), and the change condition of marine environmental parameters in different time periods is monitored;|[0028] Ecological health assessment, namely assessing the potential risk of environmental change on the ecological health of seaweed beds and carbon sink functions based on the set environmental parameter threshold. |[0029] Optionally, the data analysis module includes:|[0030] combining the correlation analysis result of seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and environmental parameters, identifying the historical change trend, and combining the input of the current environmental parameters to calculate the carbon sink capacity at the current moment in real time; |[0031] Predicting the future change of the carbon sink capacity, namely predicting the future carbon sink capacity based on the analysis results of the historical trend and the current state, and generating a prediction report. |[0032] Optionally, the analysis of the historical trend and the current state of the carbon sink capacity includes:|[0033] Historical trend identification, namely analyzing the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to historical marine environment parameters through a time sequence analysis model; |[0034] and (3) environmental parameter association analysis, namely, combining an association model of ocean environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity, and inputting the current environmental parameters into the model for real-time calculation. |[0035] Optionally, the predicting the future change in carbon sink capacity includes:|[0036] Predicting the carbon sink capacity in a preset future time by using an exponential smoothing model based on the analysis results of the historical trend and the current state; |[0037] generating a prediction report, namely generating a carbon sink capacity change prediction report based on the calculation result of the exponential smoothing model, wherein the report comprises the rising or falling trend of the carbon sink capacity in the future and the ecological risk assessment. |[0038] Optionally, the early warning module includes:|[0039] monitoring carbon sink capacity, namely monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and detecting whether the carbon sink capacity has abnormal change or not by analyzing data in a carbon sink capacity real-time report, wherein the abnormal change comprises carbon sink capacity reduction, carbon sink capacity fluctuation and carbon sink capacity and environment parameter mismatch; |[0040] Judging the preset threshold value by using the real-time value of carbon sink capacity With a preset environmental parameter threshold valueComparison is made when carbon sequestration capacityBelow a threshold valueAutomatically triggering an early warning signal;|[0041] And sending an early warning and management measure suggestion, namely automatically sending an early warning notice to related departments when the carbon sink capacity is lower than a preset threshold value, wherein the early warning notice is communicated in a real-time notice mode of an email, a short message or a management platform, and the management measure suggestion is attached, wherein the early warning notice comprises implementation of an ecological restoration or environmental intervention scheme. |[0042] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0043] according to the invention, through deployment of various sensors and real-time acquisition of marine environment parameters, and combination of data cleaning and standardized processing, high quality and consistency of data are ensured, noise and abnormal point interference are reduced, the data base of carbon sink capacity assessment is optimized, and the real-time response capability of the system to complex environment changes is improved, so that the data acquisition and processing are more accurate and reliable. |[0044] According to the invention, by combining the correlation analysis of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the environmental parameters, the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity is evaluated in real time, the long-term influence of the environmental change on the seaweed bed carbon sink function is tracked, and by utilizing the time sequence model and the environmental parameter correlation model, the system can quickly identify key environmental factors influencing the carbon sink capacity, help a manager to quickly cope with ecological risks brought by the environmental change, and provide more scientific carbon sink management decision support.|[0045] According to the invention, through the future carbon sink capacity change prediction and early warning module, ecological risk early warning can be timely sent out, particularly when abnormal fluctuation occurs in the carbon sink capacity, the system can rapidly respond, specific management advice is provided, the system can rapidly respond to recent data change based on an exponential smoothing model and other prediction algorithms, the effectiveness of carbon sink management and the foresight of decision making are improved, and therefore, the carbon sink function of the seaweed bed and the long-term stability of an ecological system are ensured.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0047] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system functional module according to an embodiment of the present invention;|[0048] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module according to an embodiment of the invention. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0049] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and to specific embodiments. While the invention has been described herein in detail in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are preferred and can be embodied in other forms as well known to those skilled in the art, and the accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments more specifically and are not intended to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed herein.|[0050] It should be noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the relevant art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.|[0051] Generally, the terminology may be understood, at least in part, from the use of context. For example, the term "one or more" as used herein may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or may be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense, depending at least in part on the context. In addition, the term "based on" may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but may instead, depending at least in part on the context, allow for other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.|[0052] 1-2, The marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, wherein the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine carbon sink data;|[0053] the data acquisition and preprocessing module acquires marine environment parameters including the temperature, the salinity, the dissolved oxygen, the nutrient salt concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration of the seawater in real time through sensors arranged in the ocean, and preprocesses the acquired marine environment parameters, including cleaning and standardization; |[0054] the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module is used for analyzing the association between the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the ocean environment parameters in real time based on the pretreated ocean environment parameters, and dynamically tracking the influence of environmental changes on the seaweed bed carbon sink function; |[0055] The data analysis module is used for combining the results of the correlation analysis of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the marine environment parameters, analyzing the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and generating a real-time report of the carbon sink capacity, wherein the report comprises the historical change trend, the current state and the predicted future change condition of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity; |[0056] the early warning module detects abnormal changes of the carbon sink capacity based on the generated carbon sink capacity real-time report, and automatically sends out early warning when the carbon sink capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value, so that related departments are prompted to take management measures including ecological restoration or environmental intervention; |[0057] through the above, the correlation between the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the environment change can be monitored in real time and efficiently, the accurate carbon sink dynamic report and the abnormal early warning can be provided, the timely and reliable management basis can be provided for a decision maker through automatic analysis and real-time feedback, the influence of the effect on the ocean carbon sink function caused by the environment change is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the scientific support is provided for ecological restoration and environment intervention. |[0058] The data acquisition and preprocessing module comprises:|[0059] The method comprises the steps of data acquisition, namely, disposing a marine temperature sensor to acquire the temperature of seawater in real time, measuring the salinity of the seawater by utilizing a conductivity sensor, monitoring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the seawater in real time by utilizing a dissolved oxygen sensor, measuring the concentration of nutritive salt in the seawater by utilizing a chemical sensor, including nitrate, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, and monitoring the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the seawater by utilizing an electrochemical sensor; |[0060] and (3) cleaning data, namely cleaning the acquired marine environment parameters by using mean filtering to remove abnormal data and noise points, wherein the data are expressed as: |[0061] ;|[0062] Wherein, For the cleaned data, N is the number of adjacent data points,The value of the ith data point after the t moment;|[0063] data standardization, namely carrying out standardization treatment on the cleaned marine environment parameters by using a z-score standardization method, and unifying dimensions of different marine environment parameters, wherein the dimensions are expressed as: |[0064] ;|[0065] Wherein x is the data after cleaning, As the mean value of the data,Standard deviation of the data;|[0066] through the content, the reliability of the data is improved, the noise and the interference of abnormal points are reduced, the quality of basic data of subsequent analysis is optimized, solid data support is provided for the evaluation and dynamic monitoring of the carbon sink function, and meanwhile, the timeliness and coverage range of the data are ensured by the design of automatically adjusting the acquisition frequency. |[0067] The seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module comprises:|[0068] Establishing a correlation model of the pretreated marine environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, and identifying environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity; |[0069] the carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment is to assess the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed in real time based on the result of the environmental parameter association analysis, and monitor the carbon sink performance of the seaweed bed under the current environmental condition; |[0070] environmental change influence tracking, namely evaluating potential risks of environmental change on ecological health and carbon sink functions of the seaweed bed by analyzing marine environmental parameter changes in different time periods; |[0071] Through the content, the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed is evaluated in real time, the long-term influence of the environmental change on the carbon sink function is tracked, key environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity can be accurately identified, timely carbon sink capacity evaluation is provided, a manager is helped to rapidly cope with ecological risks brought by the environmental change, and therefore scientificity of carbon sink management of the seaweed bed and effectiveness of decision making are improved. |[0072] The environmental parameter association analysis includes:|[0073] The data input and arrangement, namely taking the pretreated marine environment parameters as input data, taking the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity as output variables, and constructing a multivariable data set; |[0074] establishing a correlation model, namely establishing the correlation model between marine environment parameters and seaweed bed carbon sink capacity by adopting a linear regression algorithm, wherein the correlation model is expressed as follows: |[0075] ;|[0076] wherein y represents the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, Respectively representing different parameters of the marine environment,As a result of the bias term,Is the regression coefficient of each environmental parameter,Is an error term;|[0077] Importance analysis and identification of influencing factors in the case of using a random forest model, key environmental factors influencing carbon sink capacity are identified by calculating feature importance analysis, which is expressed as: |[0078] ;|[0079] Wherein, Is the importance of the j-th feature (environmental parameter),Representing importance contributions in a T-th tree, T being the number of decision trees in the random forest;|[0080] Through the content, the key environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity can be effectively identified, a manager is helped to accurately understand the contribution of different environmental variables to the carbon sink capacity, data support is provided for subsequent monitoring, management and carbon sink optimization, and the management effect and decision scientificity of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity are improved. |[0081] Carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment includes:|[0082] the time sequence analysis model is applied, wherein the ARIMA model is used for predicting the change trend of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity according to the historical marine environment parameters and the carbon sink capacity data, and the change trend is expressed as follows: |[0083] ;|[0084] Wherein, Indicating the carbon sink capacity at time t,Representing the carbon sink capacity at the previous i moments,The noise term representing the j-th moment, p and q are the order of the autoregressive and moving average terms, respectively;|[0085] inputting the current marine environment parameters acquired in real time into a correlation model, dynamically monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed by combining with a time sequence prediction result, and evaluating the carbon sink performance under the current environment condition, wherein the carbon sink performance is expressed as follows: |[0086] ;|[0087] Wherein, Is a carbon sink capacity predicted value at the current time t,Is the i-th environmental parameter value at the current time,Is a bias term that is used to determine,Is a regression coefficient for each environmental parameter;|[0088] ;|[0089] Wherein, For the corrected carbon sink capacity prediction value,Is an offset term in the model and,Is a predicted value of carbon sink capacity at a previous time,Is the noise term at the past moment, p and q are model orders;|[0090] Through the content, the change trend of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity can be predicted and monitored in real time, the influence of the current environmental condition on the carbon sink function can be reflected in time, trend prediction is carried out through historical data, accurate dynamic evaluation is provided, the response speed of the system is improved, managers can be helped to recognize potential risks in advance, more scientific decisions are made, and the efficiency and accuracy of seaweed bed carbon sink management are improved. |[0091] Environmental change impact tracking includes:|[0092] time period division and environmental parameter change analysis, namely dividing marine environmental parameters into time periods Each time period contains different environmental data (such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and the like), and the change condition of the marine environmental parameters in different time periods is monitored, which is expressed as:|[0093] ;|[0094] Wherein, Representing a time periodThe value of the i-th environmental parameter in the database,Representing a time periodThe value of the i-th environmental parameter in the database,Representing the variation of environmental parameters between different time periods;|[0095] ecological health assessment by assessing the potential risk of environmental changes to seaweed bed ecological health and carbon sink function based on set environmental parameter thresholds, expressed as: |[0096] ;|[0097] Wherein, Representing the i-th environmental parameter threshold value,Representing potential risks of environmental changes on ecological health of the seaweed bed, wherein n is the number of marine environmental parameters;|[0098] ith environmental parameter threshold And standard deviationCalculating, setting safety threshold of each environmental parameterExpressed as:|[0099] ;|[0100] Wherein, Is the historical average of the ith environmental parameter,The standard deviation of the ith environmental parameter reflects the fluctuation range of the parameter, k is a safety coefficient, and the value is 2 or 3 according to the actual situation;|[0101] Through the above, the marine environment parameter changes in different time periods are analyzed, the potential risk of environment fluctuation on the ecological health of the seaweed bed is evaluated, the environment abnormality is ensured to be recognized in time, the ecological stability of the seaweed bed and the continuous exertion of the carbon sink function are ensured, and the scientificity and timeliness of ecological protection are effectively improved. |[0102] The data analysis module comprises:|[0103] combining the correlation analysis result of seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and environmental parameters, identifying the historical change trend, and combining the input of the current environmental parameters to calculate the carbon sink capacity at the current moment in real time; |[0104] Predicting the future carbon sink capacity based on the analysis results of the historical trend and the current state, and generating a prediction report; |[0105] Through the above, the current carbon sink performance is calculated in real time by combining the correlation of the carbon sink capacity and the environmental parameters, and future change prediction is performed based on the data, so that comprehensive historical data review, current state evaluation and future prediction can be provided for a manager, timely discovery of the change trend of the carbon sink capacity is facilitated, the prospective and scientificity of decision making are ensured, and the efficiency and accuracy of seaweed bed carbon sink management are effectively improved. |[0106] Analysis of carbon sink capacity historical trend and current state includes:|[0107] Historical trend identification, namely analyzing the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to historical marine environment parameters through a time sequence analysis model; |[0108] Environmental parameter association analysis, namely, combining an association model of ocean environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity, and inputting current environmental parameters into the model for real-time calculation; |[0109] Through the above, by combining the historical data with the real-time input of the current environmental parameters, the historical change trend of the carbon sink capacity can be accurately identified, the current carbon sink capacity can be predicted in real time based on the latest environmental conditions, comprehensive trend analysis and accurate real-time calculation can be provided, so that the carbon sink management has prospective and timeliness, a manager can make a quick and effective decision in the actual environmental change, and the continuous optimization and ecological protection of the carbon sink function are ensured. |[0110] Future carbon sink capacity change predictions include:|[0111] future prediction, namely predicting carbon sink capacity in a predetermined time in the future by using an exponential smoothing model based on analysis results of the historical trend and the current state, wherein the carbon sink capacity is expressed as follows: |[0112] ;|[0113] Wherein, Is time ofPredicted values of the carbon sink capacity at the moment,For a smoothing factor, ranging from 0 to 1, the closer the value is to 1, meaning that the higher the weight of the most recent observation,Is the actual value of the carbon sink capacity at the current time t,A predicted value for a previous time point;|[0114] Generating a prediction report, namely generating a carbon sink capacity change prediction report based on the calculation result of the exponential smoothing model, wherein the report comprises the rising or falling trend of the carbon sink capacity in the future and ecological risk assessment; |[0115] Through the content, the change of the recent data can be responded more quickly, so that the trend of the future carbon sink capacity can be predicted more accurately, the predicted result can reflect the current trend in time, the flexibility and the high responsiveness are beneficial to managers to make more accurate decisions in a short period, and quick response is made to the potential risk change, so that the effectiveness and the foresight of the carbon sink management are improved. |[0116] The early warning module comprises:|[0117] monitoring carbon sink capacity, namely monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and detecting whether the carbon sink capacity has abnormal change or not by analyzing data in a carbon sink capacity real-time report, wherein the abnormal change comprises carbon sink capacity reduction, carbon sink capacity fluctuation and carbon sink capacity and environment parameter mismatch; |[0118] Judging the preset threshold value by using the real-time value of carbon sink capacity With a preset environmental parameter threshold valueComparison is made when carbon sequestration capacityBelow a threshold valueAutomatically triggering an early warning signal;|[0119] When the carbon sink capacity is lower than a preset threshold, automatically sending an early warning notice to related departments, wherein the early warning notice is communicated in a real-time notice mode of an e-mail, a short message or a management platform, and additionally provided with a management measure suggestion, including implementation of an ecological restoration or environmental intervention scheme; |[0120] Through the content, the conditions which possibly threaten the health of the seaweed bed, such as sudden drop of carbon sink capacity, long-term fluctuation or environment parameter mismatch and the like, can be rapidly identified, and by early warning of potential ecological risks, the manager is ensured to timely take ecological restoration or environment intervention measures before the problem is enlarged, so that the timeliness and the accuracy of decision making are improved, and the sustainability of the carbon sink function of the seaweed bed and the stability of an ecological system are ensured. |[0121] The invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention, and the invention will be fully understood to those skilled in the art without such details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, flows, components, circuits, and the like have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present invention.|[0122] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention. | (CN118962032)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sink data analysis, in particular to a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The seaweed bed is used as an important marine ecosystem, can effectively absorb and store carbon dioxide, thus having a remarkable contribution to the carbon sink capacity of the sea, can promote the balance of global carbon circulation through monitoring and managing the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, and effectively aims at climate change, however, due to the complex and changeable marine environment, the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed and related environmental factors are monitored in real time and efficiently, and still are a great challenge in the current carbon sink management.|[0003] The existing ocean carbon sink monitoring technology generally depends on regular field sampling and laboratory analysis, has the problems of poor real-time performance, limited coverage range, low monitoring frequency and the like, is difficult to cope with the rapidly-changing ocean environment, and in addition, the prior art is insufficient in correlation analysis of the carbon sink capacity of a seaweed bed and environmental parameters, cannot effectively identify key environmental factors influencing the carbon sink capacity, so that scientificity and foresight are lacked in management decision making, ecological risks are difficult to cope with in time, and meanwhile, the existing system has limited abnormal early warning function, is difficult to react rapidly and proposes specific ecological restoration or environmental intervention suggestions.|[0004] The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system which can timely take management measures according to reports generated by the system, so that scientificity, prospective and decision timeliness of seaweed bed carbon sink management are effectively improved.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention provides a marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system.|[0006] The marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, wherein the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine carbon sink data;|[0007] The data acquisition and preprocessing module acquires marine environment parameters including the temperature, the salinity, the dissolved oxygen, the nutrient salt concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration of the seawater in real time through sensors arranged in the ocean, and preprocesses the acquired marine environment parameters, including cleaning and standardization; |[0008] the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module is used for analyzing the association between seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and ocean environment parameters in real time based on the pretreated ocean environment parameters, and dynamically tracking the influence of environmental changes on the seaweed bed carbon sink function; |[0009] The data analysis module is used for combining the results of the correlation analysis of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the marine environment parameters, analyzing the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and generating a real-time report of the carbon sink capacity, wherein the report comprises the historical change trend, the current state and the predicted future change condition of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity; |[0010] the early warning module detects abnormal changes of the carbon sink capacity based on the generated carbon sink capacity real-time report, and automatically sends out early warning when the carbon sink capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value, and prompts related departments to take management measures including ecological restoration or environmental intervention. |[0011] Optionally, the data acquisition and preprocessing module includes:|[0012] The method comprises the steps of data acquisition, namely, disposing a marine temperature sensor to acquire the temperature of seawater in real time, measuring the salinity of the seawater by utilizing a conductivity sensor, monitoring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the seawater in real time by utilizing a dissolved oxygen sensor, measuring the concentration of nutritive salt in the seawater by utilizing a chemical sensor, including nitrate, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, and monitoring the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the seawater by utilizing an electrochemical sensor; |[0013] Data cleaning, namely cleaning the acquired marine environment parameters by using mean filtering to remove abnormal data and noise points; |[0014] And (3) data standardization, namely carrying out standardization treatment on the cleaned marine environment parameters by using a z-score standardization method, and unifying dimensions of different marine environment parameters. |[0015] Optionally, the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module includes:|[0016] Establishing a correlation model of the pretreated marine environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, and identifying environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity; |[0017] the carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment is to assess the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed in real time based on the result of the environmental parameter association analysis, and monitor the carbon sink performance of the seaweed bed under the current environmental condition; |[0018] environmental change influence tracking, namely evaluating potential risks of environmental changes on ecological health and carbon sink functions of the seaweed bed by analyzing marine environmental parameter changes in different time periods. |[0019] Optionally, the environmental parameter association analysis includes:|[0020] The data input and arrangement, namely taking the pretreated marine environment parameters as input data, taking the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity as output variables, and constructing a multivariable data set; |[0021] establishing a correlation model, namely establishing a correlation model between marine environment parameters and seaweed bed carbon sink capacity by adopting a linear regression algorithm; |[0022] importance analysis and identification of influencing factors in the case of using a random forest model, key environmental factors influencing carbon sink capacity are identified by calculating feature importance analysis. |[0023] Optionally, the dynamic assessment of carbon sink capacity includes:|[0024] The time sequence analysis model is applied, wherein an ARIMA model is used for predicting the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to the historical marine environment parameters and the carbon sink capacity data; |[0025] inputting the current marine environment parameters acquired in real time into a correlation model, dynamically monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed by combining the time sequence prediction result, and evaluating the carbon sink performance under the current environment condition. |[0026] Optionally, the environmental change influence tracking includes:|[0027] time period division and environmental parameter change analysis, namely dividing marine environmental parameters into time periods Each time period contains different environmental data (such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and the like), and the change condition of marine environmental parameters in different time periods is monitored;|[0028] Ecological health assessment, namely assessing the potential risk of environmental change on the ecological health of seaweed beds and carbon sink functions based on the set environmental parameter threshold. |[0029] Optionally, the data analysis module includes:|[0030] combining the correlation analysis result of seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and environmental parameters, identifying the historical change trend, and combining the input of the current environmental parameters to calculate the carbon sink capacity at the current moment in real time; |[0031] Predicting the future change of the carbon sink capacity, namely predicting the future carbon sink capacity based on the analysis results of the historical trend and the current state, and generating a prediction report. |[0032] Optionally, the analysis of the historical trend and the current state of the carbon sink capacity includes:|[0033] Historical trend identification, namely analyzing the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to historical marine environment parameters through a time sequence analysis model; |[0034] and (3) environmental parameter association analysis, namely, combining an association model of ocean environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity, and inputting the current environmental parameters into the model for real-time calculation. |[0035] Optionally, the predicting the future change in carbon sink capacity includes:|[0036] Predicting the carbon sink capacity in a preset future time by using an exponential smoothing model based on the analysis results of the historical trend and the current state; |[0037] generating a prediction report, namely generating a carbon sink capacity change prediction report based on the calculation result of the exponential smoothing model, wherein the report comprises the rising or falling trend of the carbon sink capacity in the future and the ecological risk assessment. |[0038] Optionally, the early warning module includes:|[0039] monitoring carbon sink capacity, namely monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and detecting whether the carbon sink capacity has abnormal change or not by analyzing data in a carbon sink capacity real-time report, wherein the abnormal change comprises carbon sink capacity reduction, carbon sink capacity fluctuation and carbon sink capacity and environment parameter mismatch; |[0040] Judging the preset threshold value by using the real-time value of carbon sink capacity With a preset environmental parameter threshold valueComparison is made when carbon sequestration capacityBelow a threshold valueAutomatically triggering an early warning signal;|[0041] And sending an early warning and management measure suggestion, namely automatically sending an early warning notice to related departments when the carbon sink capacity is lower than a preset threshold value, wherein the early warning notice is communicated in a real-time notice mode of an email, a short message or a management platform, and the management measure suggestion is attached, wherein the early warning notice comprises implementation of an ecological restoration or environmental intervention scheme. |[0042] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0043] according to the invention, through deployment of various sensors and real-time acquisition of marine environment parameters, and combination of data cleaning and standardized processing, high quality and consistency of data are ensured, noise and abnormal point interference are reduced, the data base of carbon sink capacity assessment is optimized, and the real-time response capability of the system to complex environment changes is improved, so that the data acquisition and processing are more accurate and reliable. |[0044] According to the invention, by combining the correlation analysis of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the environmental parameters, the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity is evaluated in real time, the long-term influence of the environmental change on the seaweed bed carbon sink function is tracked, and by utilizing the time sequence model and the environmental parameter correlation model, the system can quickly identify key environmental factors influencing the carbon sink capacity, help a manager to quickly cope with ecological risks brought by the environmental change, and provide more scientific carbon sink management decision support.|[0045] According to the invention, through the future carbon sink capacity change prediction and early warning module, ecological risk early warning can be timely sent out, particularly when abnormal fluctuation occurs in the carbon sink capacity, the system can rapidly respond, specific management advice is provided, the system can rapidly respond to recent data change based on an exponential smoothing model and other prediction algorithms, the effectiveness of carbon sink management and the foresight of decision making are improved, and therefore, the carbon sink function of the seaweed bed and the long-term stability of an ecological system are ensured.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0047] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system functional module according to an embodiment of the present invention;|[0048] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module according to an embodiment of the invention. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0049] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and to specific embodiments. While the invention has been described herein in detail in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are preferred and can be embodied in other forms as well known to those skilled in the art, and the accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments more specifically and are not intended to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed herein.|[0050] It should be noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the relevant art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.|[0051] Generally, the terminology may be understood, at least in part, from the use of context. For example, the term "one or more" as used herein may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or may be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense, depending at least in part on the context. In addition, the term "based on" may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but may instead, depending at least in part on the context, allow for other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.|[0052] 1-2, The marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, wherein the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine carbon sink data;|[0053] the data acquisition and preprocessing module acquires marine environment parameters including the temperature, the salinity, the dissolved oxygen, the nutrient salt concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration of the seawater in real time through sensors arranged in the ocean, and preprocesses the acquired marine environment parameters, including cleaning and standardization; |[0054] the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module is used for analyzing the association between the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the ocean environment parameters in real time based on the pretreated ocean environment parameters, and dynamically tracking the influence of environmental changes on the seaweed bed carbon sink function; |[0055] The data analysis module is used for combining the results of the correlation analysis of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the marine environment parameters, analyzing the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and generating a real-time report of the carbon sink capacity, wherein the report comprises the historical change trend, the current state and the predicted future change condition of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity; |[0056] the early warning module detects abnormal changes of the carbon sink capacity based on the generated carbon sink capacity real-time report, and automatically sends out early warning when the carbon sink capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value, so that related departments are prompted to take management measures including ecological restoration or environmental intervention; |[0057] through the above, the correlation between the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and the environment change can be monitored in real time and efficiently, the accurate carbon sink dynamic report and the abnormal early warning can be provided, the timely and reliable management basis can be provided for a decision maker through automatic analysis and real-time feedback, the influence of the effect on the ocean carbon sink function caused by the environment change is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the scientific support is provided for ecological restoration and environment intervention. |[0058] The data acquisition and preprocessing module comprises:|[0059] The method comprises the steps of data acquisition, namely, disposing a marine temperature sensor to acquire the temperature of seawater in real time, measuring the salinity of the seawater by utilizing a conductivity sensor, monitoring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the seawater in real time by utilizing a dissolved oxygen sensor, measuring the concentration of nutritive salt in the seawater by utilizing a chemical sensor, including nitrate, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, and monitoring the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the seawater by utilizing an electrochemical sensor; |[0060] and (3) cleaning data, namely cleaning the acquired marine environment parameters by using mean filtering to remove abnormal data and noise points, wherein the data are expressed as: |[0061] ;|[0062] Wherein, For the cleaned data, N is the number of adjacent data points,The value of the ith data point after the t moment;|[0063] data standardization, namely carrying out standardization treatment on the cleaned marine environment parameters by using a z-score standardization method, and unifying dimensions of different marine environment parameters, wherein the dimensions are expressed as: |[0064] ;|[0065] Wherein x is the data after cleaning, As the mean value of the data,Standard deviation of the data;|[0066] through the content, the reliability of the data is improved, the noise and the interference of abnormal points are reduced, the quality of basic data of subsequent analysis is optimized, solid data support is provided for the evaluation and dynamic monitoring of the carbon sink function, and meanwhile, the timeliness and coverage range of the data are ensured by the design of automatically adjusting the acquisition frequency. |[0067] The seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module comprises:|[0068] Establishing a correlation model of the pretreated marine environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, and identifying environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity; |[0069] the carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment is to assess the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed in real time based on the result of the environmental parameter association analysis, and monitor the carbon sink performance of the seaweed bed under the current environmental condition; |[0070] environmental change influence tracking, namely evaluating potential risks of environmental change on ecological health and carbon sink functions of the seaweed bed by analyzing marine environmental parameter changes in different time periods; |[0071] Through the content, the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed is evaluated in real time, the long-term influence of the environmental change on the carbon sink function is tracked, key environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity can be accurately identified, timely carbon sink capacity evaluation is provided, a manager is helped to rapidly cope with ecological risks brought by the environmental change, and therefore scientificity of carbon sink management of the seaweed bed and effectiveness of decision making are improved. |[0072] The environmental parameter association analysis includes:|[0073] The data input and arrangement, namely taking the pretreated marine environment parameters as input data, taking the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity as output variables, and constructing a multivariable data set; |[0074] establishing a correlation model, namely establishing the correlation model between marine environment parameters and seaweed bed carbon sink capacity by adopting a linear regression algorithm, wherein the correlation model is expressed as follows: |[0075] ;|[0076] wherein y represents the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed, Respectively representing different parameters of the marine environment,As a result of the bias term,Is the regression coefficient of each environmental parameter,Is an error term;|[0077] Importance analysis and identification of influencing factors in the case of using a random forest model, key environmental factors influencing carbon sink capacity are identified by calculating feature importance analysis, which is expressed as: |[0078] ;|[0079] Wherein, Is the importance of the j-th feature (environmental parameter),Representing importance contributions in a T-th tree, T being the number of decision trees in the random forest;|[0080] Through the content, the key environmental factors affecting the carbon sink capacity can be effectively identified, a manager is helped to accurately understand the contribution of different environmental variables to the carbon sink capacity, data support is provided for subsequent monitoring, management and carbon sink optimization, and the management effect and decision scientificity of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity are improved. |[0081] Carbon sink capacity dynamic assessment includes:|[0082] the time sequence analysis model is applied, wherein the ARIMA model is used for predicting the change trend of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity according to the historical marine environment parameters and the carbon sink capacity data, and the change trend is expressed as follows: |[0083] ;|[0084] Wherein, Indicating the carbon sink capacity at time t,Representing the carbon sink capacity at the previous i moments,The noise term representing the j-th moment, p and q are the order of the autoregressive and moving average terms, respectively;|[0085] inputting the current marine environment parameters acquired in real time into a correlation model, dynamically monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed by combining with a time sequence prediction result, and evaluating the carbon sink performance under the current environment condition, wherein the carbon sink performance is expressed as follows: |[0086] ;|[0087] Wherein, Is a carbon sink capacity predicted value at the current time t,Is the i-th environmental parameter value at the current time,Is a bias term that is used to determine,Is a regression coefficient for each environmental parameter;|[0088] ;|[0089] Wherein, For the corrected carbon sink capacity prediction value,Is an offset term in the model and,Is a predicted value of carbon sink capacity at a previous time,Is the noise term at the past moment, p and q are model orders;|[0090] Through the content, the change trend of the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity can be predicted and monitored in real time, the influence of the current environmental condition on the carbon sink function can be reflected in time, trend prediction is carried out through historical data, accurate dynamic evaluation is provided, the response speed of the system is improved, managers can be helped to recognize potential risks in advance, more scientific decisions are made, and the efficiency and accuracy of seaweed bed carbon sink management are improved. |[0091] Environmental change impact tracking includes:|[0092] time period division and environmental parameter change analysis, namely dividing marine environmental parameters into time periods Each time period contains different environmental data (such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and the like), and the change condition of the marine environmental parameters in different time periods is monitored, which is expressed as:|[0093] ;|[0094] Wherein, Representing a time periodThe value of the i-th environmental parameter in the database,Representing a time periodThe value of the i-th environmental parameter in the database,Representing the variation of environmental parameters between different time periods;|[0095] ecological health assessment by assessing the potential risk of environmental changes to seaweed bed ecological health and carbon sink function based on set environmental parameter thresholds, expressed as: |[0096] ;|[0097] Wherein, Representing the i-th environmental parameter threshold value,Representing potential risks of environmental changes on ecological health of the seaweed bed, wherein n is the number of marine environmental parameters;|[0098] ith environmental parameter threshold And standard deviationCalculating, setting safety threshold of each environmental parameterExpressed as:|[0099] ;|[0100] Wherein, Is the historical average of the ith environmental parameter,The standard deviation of the ith environmental parameter reflects the fluctuation range of the parameter, k is a safety coefficient, and the value is 2 or 3 according to the actual situation;|[0101] Through the above, the marine environment parameter changes in different time periods are analyzed, the potential risk of environment fluctuation on the ecological health of the seaweed bed is evaluated, the environment abnormality is ensured to be recognized in time, the ecological stability of the seaweed bed and the continuous exertion of the carbon sink function are ensured, and the scientificity and timeliness of ecological protection are effectively improved. |[0102] The data analysis module comprises:|[0103] combining the correlation analysis result of seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and environmental parameters, identifying the historical change trend, and combining the input of the current environmental parameters to calculate the carbon sink capacity at the current moment in real time; |[0104] Predicting the future carbon sink capacity based on the analysis results of the historical trend and the current state, and generating a prediction report; |[0105] Through the above, the current carbon sink performance is calculated in real time by combining the correlation of the carbon sink capacity and the environmental parameters, and future change prediction is performed based on the data, so that comprehensive historical data review, current state evaluation and future prediction can be provided for a manager, timely discovery of the change trend of the carbon sink capacity is facilitated, the prospective and scientificity of decision making are ensured, and the efficiency and accuracy of seaweed bed carbon sink management are effectively improved. |[0106] Analysis of carbon sink capacity historical trend and current state includes:|[0107] Historical trend identification, namely analyzing the change trend of the carbon sink capacity of the seaweed bed according to historical marine environment parameters through a time sequence analysis model; |[0108] Environmental parameter association analysis, namely, combining an association model of ocean environmental parameters and carbon sink capacity, and inputting current environmental parameters into the model for real-time calculation; |[0109] Through the above, by combining the historical data with the real-time input of the current environmental parameters, the historical change trend of the carbon sink capacity can be accurately identified, the current carbon sink capacity can be predicted in real time based on the latest environmental conditions, comprehensive trend analysis and accurate real-time calculation can be provided, so that the carbon sink management has prospective and timeliness, a manager can make a quick and effective decision in the actual environmental change, and the continuous optimization and ecological protection of the carbon sink function are ensured. |[0110] Future carbon sink capacity change predictions include:|[0111] future prediction, namely predicting carbon sink capacity in a predetermined time in the future by using an exponential smoothing model based on analysis results of the historical trend and the current state, wherein the carbon sink capacity is expressed as follows: |[0112] ;|[0113] Wherein, Is time ofPredicted values of the carbon sink capacity at the moment,For a smoothing factor, ranging from 0 to 1, the closer the value is to 1, meaning that the higher the weight of the most recent observation,Is the actual value of the carbon sink capacity at the current time t,A predicted value for a previous time point;|[0114] Generating a prediction report, namely generating a carbon sink capacity change prediction report based on the calculation result of the exponential smoothing model, wherein the report comprises the rising or falling trend of the carbon sink capacity in the future and ecological risk assessment; |[0115] Through the content, the change of the recent data can be responded more quickly, so that the trend of the future carbon sink capacity can be predicted more accurately, the predicted result can reflect the current trend in time, the flexibility and the high responsiveness are beneficial to managers to make more accurate decisions in a short period, and quick response is made to the potential risk change, so that the effectiveness and the foresight of the carbon sink management are improved. |[0116] The early warning module comprises:|[0117] monitoring carbon sink capacity, namely monitoring the change of the carbon sink capacity in real time, and detecting whether the carbon sink capacity has abnormal change or not by analyzing data in a carbon sink capacity real-time report, wherein the abnormal change comprises carbon sink capacity reduction, carbon sink capacity fluctuation and carbon sink capacity and environment parameter mismatch; |[0118] Judging the preset threshold value by using the real-time value of carbon sink capacity With a preset environmental parameter threshold valueComparison is made when carbon sequestration capacityBelow a threshold valueAutomatically triggering an early warning signal;|[0119] When the carbon sink capacity is lower than a preset threshold, automatically sending an early warning notice to related departments, wherein the early warning notice is communicated in a real-time notice mode of an e-mail, a short message or a management platform, and additionally provided with a management measure suggestion, including implementation of an ecological restoration or environmental intervention scheme; |[0120] Through the content, the conditions which possibly threaten the health of the seaweed bed, such as sudden drop of carbon sink capacity, long-term fluctuation or environment parameter mismatch and the like, can be rapidly identified, and by early warning of potential ecological risks, the manager is ensured to timely take ecological restoration or environment intervention measures before the problem is enlarged, so that the timeliness and the accuracy of decision making are improved, and the sustainability of the carbon sink function of the seaweed bed and the stability of an ecological system are ensured. |[0121] The invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention, and the invention will be fully understood to those skilled in the art without such details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, flows, components, circuits, and the like have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present invention.|[0122] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(112199559)|112199559|Abstract|(CN118962032B B)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sink data analysis , in particular to an ocean carbon sink data acquisition and real - time analysis system , which comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing module , a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module , a data analysis module and an early warning module , the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine environment parameters in real time ; the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module analyzes the association between the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and marine environment parameters in real time , and dynamically tracks the influence of environment change on the seaweed bed carbon sink function ; the data analysis module analyzes the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time ; and the early warning module detects the abnormal change of the carbon sequestration capacity , and when the carbon sequestration capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value , early warning is automatically given out . According to the invention , the key environmental factors influencing the carbon sequestration capability can be rapidly identified , managers are helped to rapidly cope with ecological risks brought by environmental changes , and more scientific carbon sequestration management decision support is provided . | | Analysis of biological materials | G01N-033/00/4|G01N-033/00/62|G01N-033/00/63|G01N-033/18 | G01N-033/00/4|G01N-033/00/62|G01N-033/00/63|G01N-033/18 | G01N-033/00|G01N-033/18 | G01N-033/00|G01N-033/18 | CN120215340 | CN120215340 115087285 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | DE202024105013|CN118553338|CN118171937|CN118501379|CN118095972|US20240303671|CN117909686|CN117668093|CN117078276|US20240019412|CN116429988|CN116128956|AU2020103139|CN106124723|CN118839873 | DE202024105013 112081406 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118553338 111194592 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118171937 110134116 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118501379 111057926 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118095972 109934861 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20240303671 104812762 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117909686 109477089 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117668093 108800834 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117078276 107298622 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20240019412 101284662 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN116429988 105750297 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN116128956 104970510 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|AU2020103139 92226038 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN106124723 74618928 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118839873 111925489 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 杨顶田;刘素敏;单秀娟: "海草碳通量的卫星遥感检测研究进展", 热带海洋学报, no. 006, 31 December 2013 (2013-12-31), pages 108 - 114 (Cat. A)|李捷;刘译蔓;孙辉;黄建涛;路景钫;: "中国海岸带蓝碳现状分析", 环境科学与技术, no. 10, 15 October 2019 (2019-10-15), pages 207 - 216 (Cat. A) | CN106124723; AU2020103139; CN116128956; CN116429988; CN117078276; US20240019412; CN117668093; CN117909686; CN118095972; CN118501379; US20240303671; CN118171937; CN118553338; DE202024105013; CN118839873 | GRANTED | (CN118962032)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN118962032)|ALIVE | (CN118962032)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN118962032|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-10-15|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2024-10-15|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202411434818|Application date=2024-10-15|Standardized application number=2024CN-1434818|Event publication date=2024-11-15|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118962032|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-11-15|Standardized publication number=CN118962032|Event publication date=2024-11-15|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-12-03|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-03-28|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118962032|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2025-03-28|Standardized publication number=CN118962032B|Event publication date=2025-03-28|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN118962032)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoS2N80rPqttphj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000076951476&ekey=2428&xpn=CN118962032B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=t6Z1wCKDI%252BR%252B45eM3hwcMrmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN118962032)|CN|(CN118962032)|CN | (CN118962032)|NAME=INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN|(CN118962032)|NAME=INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN | (CN118962032)|NAME=CHENG DAN;BEIJING XINYU CHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=16121|(CN118962032)|NAME=CHENG DAN;BEIJING XINYU CHUANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=16121 | (CN118962032)|NAME=LIU JIE|NAME=LIU XIAOHUI|NAME=WANG XITAO|NAME=ZHU ANCHENG|NAME=JIN XIN|NAME=CHEN LU|NAME=ZHOU XIANGJUN|(CN118962032)|NAME=LIU JIE|NAME=LIU XIAOHUI|NAME=WANG XITAO|NAME=ZHU ANCHENG|NAME=JIN XIN|NAME=CHEN LU|NAME=ZHOU XIANGJUN | Titre: (CN118962032)|Marine carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system Résumé: (CN118962032)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sink data analysis, in particular to an ocean carbon sink data acquisition and real-time analysis system, which comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module, a data analysis module and an early warning module, the data acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring marine environment parameters in real time; the seaweed bed carbon sink environment analysis module analyzes the association between the seaweed bed carbon sink capacity and marine environment parameters in real time, and dynamically tracks the influence of environment change on the seaweed bed carbon sink function; the data analysis module analyzes the dynamic change of the carbon sink capacity in real time; and the early warning module detects the abnormal change of the carbon sequestration capacity, and when the carbon sequestration capacity is reduced to a preset threshold value, early warning is automatically given out. According to the invention, the key environmental factors influencing the carbon sequestration capability can be rapidly identified, managers are helped to rapidly cope with ecological risks brought by environmental changes, and more scientific carbon sequestration management decision support is provided. | 51.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on data acquisition and analysis related to carbon sinks in seaweed beds, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 15.0 | 1.0 | (CN118962032)|1 | (CN118962032)|5 | (CN118962032)|6|(CN118962032)|10 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN118962032)|2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN118962032)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-03-28|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-1302|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12|Primary examiner: 李会会|Primary examiner: Li Huihui||(CN118962032)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-11-15|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-4602|Number of Pages: NPAGES=13|Primary examiner: 李会会|Primary examiner: Li Huihui| | (CN118962032)|Previous publication: CN118962032 A 2024-11-15 [CN118962032] | (CN118962032)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN118962032B)|Patent|(CN118962032)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||
| 61 | CN202211069663 | CN202211069663 | CN115537301|CN115537301 | 103237565 | CN115537301 B 2025-06-24 [CN115537301B]|CN115537301 A 2022-12-30 [CN115537301] | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-01 | 2025-06-24|2022-12-30 | (CN115537301B)|2025-06-24 | (CN115537301)|2042-09-01 | (CN115537301)|Ocean renewable energy source driven carbon storage system | (CN115537301)|The invention discloses a carbon storage system driven by marine renewable energy. The carbon storage system comprises a photoreaction system, a microbial carbon pump system, a microalgae percolation trapping system and a transmission system, the photoreaction system comprises a plurality of floating reactors arranged on the sea level, and each floating reactor is used for accommodating carbon sequestration microalgae; the microbial carbon pump system comprises a carbon storage container; the microalgae percolation trapping system is used for collecting the carbon sequestration microalgae in the plurality of floating reactors into a carbon storage container on the sea level; and the transmission system is used for transferring the carbon storage container on the sea level to the seabed for storage. The invention aims to solve the problems of unstable carbon storage and limited timeliness of the carbon storage technology in the prior art. | UNIVERSITY SOUTH SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CHINA | (CN115537301)|UNIV SOUTH SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CHINA ([CN])|(CN115537301)|UNIV SOUTH SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CHINA ([CN]) | WANG YUZE|ZHANG CHUANLUN|CHEN YONGSHUN|HOU SHENGWEI|FENG WEIQIANG|FU YONG | (CN115537301)|WANG YUZE|ZHANG CHUANLUN|CHEN YONGSHUN|HOU SHENGWEI|FENG WEIQIANG|FU YONG|(CN115537301)|WANG YUZE|ZHANG CHUANLUN|CHEN YONGSHUN|HOU SHENGWEI|FENG WEIQIANG|FU YONG | (CN115537301)|LIAO YONGYAO;CENFO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY|Reg. Nb: 44287 | (CN115537301)|According to the marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system provided by the invention, the marine renewable energy source is based on a marine system, carbon dioxide is converted into organic matters through photosynthesis of microalgae, the carbon dioxide is stored in the microalgae, the microalgae is fixed in the carbon storage container, the carbon storage container is buried in the submarine sediment through the transmission system, the microalgae organic matters and fillers in the microalgae are converted into stable carbonates under the action of a micro biological carbon pump, the carbon dioxide conversion rate is high, the carbon storage timeliness is long, and the problem of carbon dioxide can be effectively solved.| | (CN115537301)|1. A marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system comprising: the photoreaction system comprises a plurality of floating reactors arranged on the sea level, wherein each floating reactor is internally provided with carbon-fixing microalgae; A microbial carbon pump system comprising a carbon storage vessel; a microalgae percolation and trapping system for collecting carbon-immobilized microalgae in the floating reactors into a carbon storage container at sea level, and The conveying system is used for conveying the carbon storage container on the sea level to the seabed for storage; The photoreaction system includes: a reaction fence arranged on the sea level and enclosing a reaction area, and A connecting pipe assembly for connecting adjacent two of the floating reaction vessels in a first direction; Wherein a plurality of the floating reactors and the connecting pipe assemblies are arranged in the reaction area; The plurality of floating reactors comprise a plurality of open floating photo-reactors and/or a plurality of closed floating photo-reactors; The microalgae percolation and trapping system comprises: Offshore clean energy operation ship; the vacuum collecting and filtering container is arranged on the offshore clean energy operation ship and comprises a plurality of zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering components, wherein each zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component is used for fixing and collecting the carbon-fixed microalgae, and The power device is arranged on the offshore clean energy operation ship and is used for conveying the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor into the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component; wherein the carbon storage container comprises the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component; The zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component is made of at least one of mixed sand, cohesive soil, olivine, alkaline minerals and industrial waste residues. | | (CN115537301)|The invention discloses a marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system which comprises a photoreaction system, a microbial carbon pump system, a microalgae percolation trapping system and a transmission system, wherein the photoreaction system comprises a plurality of floating reactors arranged on the sea level, carbon-fixing microalgae are contained in the floating reactors, the microbial carbon pump system comprises a carbon storage container, the microalgae percolation trapping system is used for collecting the carbon-fixing microalgae in the floating reactors into the carbon storage container on the sea level, and the transmission system is used for transferring the carbon storage container on the sea level to the seabed for storage.|The invention mainly aims to provide a marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system, and aims to solve the problems of unstable carbon storage and limited timeliness in the prior art.To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system, comprising:|The invention relates to the technical field of carbon storage, in particular to a marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system.| | (CN115537301)|MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY(100,19)|CARBON STORAGE SYSTEM(100,14)|CARBON STORAGE SYSTEM DRIVING(100,13)|MICROALGAE PERCOLATION TRAPPING(100,6)|CARBON STORAGE(100,4)|DRIVEN CARBON STORAGE(100,1)|OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(100,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(100,1)|FLOATING REACTOR(88,34)|MICROALGAE PERCOLATION(61,7)|ALGAE FILTERING COMPONENT(58,10)|PHOTOREACTION(50,9)|MICROBIAL CARBON PUMP(45,10)|MICROALGAE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(43,2)|COLLECTING CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE(41,1)|CARBON STORAGE CONTAINER(38,16)|COLLECTING CARBON IMMOBILIZED MICROALGAE(36,2)|CARBON PUMP(32,12)|CONTAINMENT CAVITY(32,2)|MICROALGAE(31,14)|CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE(29,7)|SOIL COHESION(28,4)|SEAWATER BUOYANCY(27,3)|CONVEYING CARBON STORAGE CONTAINER(27,1)|UNSTABLE CARBON STORAGE(26,2)|FILTERING CONTAINER(24,2)|REACTION FENCE(24,2)|SEABED(23,8)|TRAPPING(23,7)|ALKALINE MINERAL(23,5)|SOURCE DRIVEN CARBON(23,4)|MICROBIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP(23,3)|CARBON CARTRIDGE GRAVITY(23,1)|CARBON STORAGE TIMELINESS(21,2)|CLOSED FLOATING PHOTO REACTOR(21,2)|FLOATING PHOTO REACTOR(20,6)|VACUUM COLLECTION(19,6)|ALGAL FILTERING MEMBER(19,3)|OPEN FLOATING PHOTO REACTOR(19,2)|SAND MIX(18,5)|TRANSFERRING CARBON STORAGE CONTAINER(18,3)|CARBON STORAGE VESSEL(18,2)|FLOATING REACTION VESSEL(18,2)|LIMITED TIMELINESS(18,2)|ZERO CARBON(17,22)|MICROALGAE ORGANIC MATTER(17,2)|STABLE CARBONATE(17,2)|CARBON CARTRIDGE HOUSING(17,1)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE RESIDUE(16,5)|VACUUM FILTRATION VESSEL(16,4)|CONVEYING CARBON FIXED MICROALGAE(16,3)|SEA LEVEL(15,13)|SUBMARINE(15,3)|DRAIN PUMP(15,1)|OLIVINE(14,5)|CLEAN ENERGY OPERATION SHIP(13,6)|PHOTO REACTOR(13,2)|ALGAL MEMBER(13,1)|CARBON FIXED MICROALGAE(12,10)|REACTION AREA(12,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE(11,21)|MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(11,1)|CONNECTING PIPE(10,7)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE(10,5)|FILLER(9,4)|ALGAL FILTER MEMBER(9,1)|INDICATION DIRECTION(7,3)|3D PRINTING(7,2)|FILTRATION CONTAINER(6,4)|STORAGE SYSTEM(6,4)|MICROALGAE CULTIVATION(6,1)|ORGANIC MATTER(5,5)|ALGA FILTERING COMPONENT(5,2)|ANAEROBIC ENVIRONMENT(5,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION RATE(5,2)|CARBON FIXATION MICROALGAE(5,2)|CONVERSION RATE(5,2)|DRAINAGE PUMP(5,2)|LAND PLANT BIOMASS(5,2)|SEAWATER DEPTH(5,2)|CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|DRAINING SEAWATER(5,1)|ZERO CARBON MATERIAL HOLLOW(4,4)|CARBON CIRCULATION(4,2)|CARBON STORAGE CARTRIDGE GRAVITY(4,2)|MARINE MICROORGANISM(4,2)|POSTURE(4,2)|CARBON IMMOBILIZED MICROALGAE(4,1)|POWER PLANT(4,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(4,1)|STABLE CARBONATE ROCK(4,1)|SUBMARINE PERMANENT STORAGE(4,1)|WATER SUCTION PUMP(3,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(3,2)|MARINE SYSTEM(3,2)|SEDIMENTATION(3,2)|SOLID CARBONATE STABLE(3,2)|SUCKING CARBON FIXED MICROALGAE(3,2)|VACUUM FILTER COLLECTION CONTAINER(3,2)|BIOCHEMICAL ACTION(3,1)||(CN115537301)|CARBON STORAGE SYSTEM(100,21)|CARBON STORAGE SYSTEM DRIVING(100,20)|MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY(100,15)|MICROALGAE INFILTRATION(100,10)|OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(100,2)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(100,2)|FLOATING REACTOR(76,33)|MICROBIAL CARBON PUMP(74,9)|MICROALGAE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(73,2)|CARBON STORAGE CONTAINER(61,21)|PHOTOREACTION(53,9)|MICROALGAE PERCOLATION TRAPPING(53,1)|CARBON PUMP(50,13)|CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE(49,18)|MICROALGAE(44,11)|COLLECTING CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE(43,4)|MICROALGAE FILLER(42,1)|SEABED(41,10)|OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY(38,5)|CARBON STORAGE TIMELINESS(36,2)|MICROBIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP(34,4)|BIOCHEMICAL ACTION(33,2)|CARBON STORAGE(31,6)|ALGAE FILTERING MEMBER(30,18)|CONTAINMENT CAVITY(30,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(30,2)|STABLE CARBONATE(30,2)|TRANSFERRING CARBON STORAGE CONTAINER(29,3)|SEAWATER BUOYANCY(26,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE(25,22)|UNSTABLE CARBON STORAGE(25,2)|SEA(23,4)|MICROALGAE ORGANIC MATTER(21,1)|CLOSED FLOATING PHOTOREACTOR(20,4)|MIXED SANDY SOIL(20,4)|ORGANIC MATTER(19,11)|SOIL COHESION(19,5)|SEA LEVEL(18,15)|OCEAN CLEAN ENERGY(18,1)|CONVEYING CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE(17,3)|LIMITED TIMELINESS(17,2)|OFFSHORE CLEAN ENERGY(16,6)|OPEN FLOATING PHOTOREACTOR(16,3)|VACUUM FILTRATION VESSEL(16,3)|CONVERT CARBON DIOXIDE(16,1)|PHOTOREACTION SYSTEM CONVERT(16,1)|ALKALINE MINERAL(15,5)|CARBON STORAGE LIMITED TIMELINESS(15,2)|REACTION FENCE(15,2)|CARBON STORAGE HULL(15,1)|COLLECTION(15,1)|DRAIN PUMP(15,1)|ALGAE FILTERING COMPONENT(14,7)|COLLECTED CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE(14,3)|GRAVITY SUM(14,3)|MICROALGAE DIAFILTRATION CAPTURE(13,2)|VACUUM FILTER COLLECTION CONTAINER(13,1)|ALGAE FILTER MEMBER(12,2)|CARBON STORAGE CARTRIDGE HOUSING(12,1)|FILLER(11,2)|MARINE CLEAN ENERGY(11,2)|REACTION ZONE(11,2)|SOLID CARBON MICROALGAE(10,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION RATE(10,2)|FLOATING REACTION VESSEL(10,2)|OLIVINE(9,5)|CONVERSION RATE(8,2)|DRIVING FORCE(8,2)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(8,2)|LAND MICROALGAE CULTIVATION(8,1)|OCEAN CLEAN ENERGY SOURCE(8,1)|ACCOMMODATING CAVITY(7,4)|3D PRINTING(7,2)|FILLING ZERO CARBON(7,2)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(7,2)|INDICATION DIRECTION(6,3)|FILLING MICROALGAE(6,2)|SUCKING CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE(6,2)|LIGHT REACTION(6,1)|MATERIAL HOLLOW ALGAE FILTER(6,1)|MICROALGAE PERCOLATION(6,1)|SEABED SEDIMENT(6,1)|VACUUM FILTRATION CONTAINER(5,5)|LAND PLANT BIOMASS(5,2)|SEAWATER DEPTH(5,2)|CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE RESIDUE(4,4)|REACTION AREA(4,4)|ALGAE FILTRATION MEMBER(4,2)|ANAEROBIC ENVIRONMENT ACTION(4,2)|MARINE MICROORGANISM(4,2)|VACUUM FILTRATION COLLECTION CONTAINER(4,2)|CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE TRAPPING(4,1)|POWER PLANT(4,1)|WATER SUCTION PUMP(3,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE(3,2)|POSTURE(3,2)|ACCOMMODATING CARBON FIXING MICROALGAE(3,1)|CARBONATE FILLER(3,1)|CLEAN ENERGY SOURCE(3,1)|DRIVING CARBON STORAGE SYSTEM(3,1)|SANDY SOIL(3,1)|SEABED PERMANENT STORAGE(3,1)|STABLE CARBONATE ROCK(3,1)|VACUUM FILTERING COLLECTION CONTAINER(3,1)| | (CN115537301)|1. A marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system comprising:| the photoreaction system comprises a plurality of floating reactors arranged on the sea level, wherein each floating reactor is internally provided with carbon-fixing microalgae; | A microbial carbon pump system comprising a carbon storage vessel; | a microalgae percolation and trapping system for collecting carbon-immobilized microalgae in the floating reactors into a carbon storage container at sea level, and |The conveying system is used for conveying the carbon storage container on the sea level to the seabed for storage;| The photoreaction system includes: | a reaction fence arranged on the sea level and enclosing a reaction area, and |A connecting pipe assembly for connecting adjacent two of the floating reaction vessels in a first direction;| Wherein a plurality of the floating reactors and the connecting pipe assemblies are arranged in the reaction area; | The plurality of floating reactors comprise a plurality of open floating photo-reactors and/or a plurality of closed floating photo-reactors; | The microalgae percolation and trapping system comprises: | Offshore clean energy operation ship; | the vacuum collecting and filtering container is arranged on the offshore clean energy operation ship and comprises a plurality of zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering components, wherein each zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component is used for fixing and collecting the carbon-fixed microalgae, and |The power device is arranged on the offshore clean energy operation ship and is used for conveying the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor into the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component;| wherein the carbon storage container comprises the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component; | The zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component is made of at least one of mixed sand, cohesive soil, olivine, alkaline minerals and industrial waste residues. |2. The marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system of claim 1 wherein the zero carbon material hollow algal member is formed by 3D printing.|3. The marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system of claim 1 wherein the power plant comprises a suction pump and a drain pump, separated at both ends of the vacuum filtration vessel, the suction pump being used to draw carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor, the drain pump being used to drain seawater that has been diafiltered by the vacuum filtration vessel.|4. The marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system of claim 1 wherein said transmission system comprises a carbon cartridge for housing said zero carbon hollow algal-filtering member.|5. The marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system of claim 4 wherein a containment cavity is formed within the carbon cartridge housing, the containment cavity being configured to fill a zero carbon material hollow algal filtering member comprising microalgae.|6. The marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system of claim 5 wherein the sum of the gravity of the carbon cartridge and the zero carbon material hollow algal-filter member containing microalgae is greater than the buoyancy of seawater. | (CN115537301)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon storage, in particular to a marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] About 83% of the carbon circulation around the world needs to be completed by the ocean, which is only 1% of land plant biomass (mainly algae), but contributes about 50% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption annually around the world. Organic matters generated by absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the surface marine algae are transmitted to deep sea water or submarine sediment through a biological pump (biological carbon pump, BCP), and are converted into a stable form of solid carbonate through a micro-biological carbon pump (microbial carbon pump, MCP) under the anaerobic environment and the action of microorganisms, so that the carbon dioxide in the original atmosphere is stored for thousands of years. However, more than 99% of the surface marine algae organisms are metabolically consumed by the respiration of various marine microorganisms during sedimentation, producing carbon dioxide and returned to the atmosphere.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0003] The invention mainly aims to provide a marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system, and aims to solve the problems of unstable carbon storage and limited timeliness in the prior art.|[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system, comprising:|[0005] the photoreaction system comprises a plurality of floating reactors arranged on the sea level, wherein each floating reactor is internally provided with carbon-fixing microalgae; |[0006] A microbial carbon pump system comprising a carbon storage vessel; |[0007] a microalgae percolation and trapping system for collecting carbon-immobilized microalgae in the floating reactors into a carbon storage container at sea level, and |[0008] And the transmission system is used for transferring the carbon storage container on the sea level to the seabed for storage.|[0009] Optionally, the photoreaction system includes:|[0010] a reaction fence arranged on the sea level and enclosing a reaction area, and |[0011] A connecting pipe assembly for connecting adjacent two of the floating reaction vessels in a first direction;|[0012] wherein a plurality of the floating reactors and the connecting pipe assembly are disposed in the reaction region. |[0013] Optionally, the plurality of floating reactors comprises a plurality of open floating photo-reactors and/or a plurality of closed floating photo-reactors.|[0014] Optionally, the microalgae percolation and trapping system comprises:|[0015] Offshore clean energy operation ship; |[0016] the vacuum collecting and filtering container is arranged on the offshore clean energy operation ship and comprises a plurality of zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering components, wherein each zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component is used for fixing and collecting the carbon-fixed microalgae, and |[0017] The power device is arranged on the offshore clean energy operation ship and is used for conveying the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor into the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component;|[0018] Wherein, the carbon storage container comprises the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component. |[0019] Optionally, the material of the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member comprises at least one of mixed sand, cohesive soil, olivine, alkaline minerals and industrial waste residues.|[0020] Optionally, the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member is formed by 3D printing.|[0021] Optionally, the power device comprises a water suction pump and a drainage pump, wherein the water suction pump is respectively arranged at two ends of the vacuum filter collecting container, the water suction pump is used for sucking carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor, and the drainage pump is used for draining seawater percolated by the vacuum filter collecting container.|[0022] Optionally, the transmission system comprises a carbon storage cartridge for storing the hollow algae filtering member of the zero carbon material.|[0023] Optionally, a containing cavity is formed in the carbon storage cartridge case, and the containing cavity is used for filling a zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component containing microalgae.|[0024] Optionally, the sum of the gravity of the carbon storage cartridge and the zero carbon material hollow algal filtering member containing microalgae is greater than the buoyancy of seawater.|[0025] According to the marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system provided by the invention, the marine renewable energy source is based on a marine system, carbon dioxide is converted into organic matters through photosynthesis of microalgae, the carbon dioxide is stored in the microalgae, the microalgae is fixed in the carbon storage container, the carbon storage container is buried in the submarine sediment through the transmission system, the microalgae organic matters and fillers in the microalgae are converted into stable carbonates under the action of a micro biological carbon pump, the carbon dioxide conversion rate is high, the carbon storage timeliness is long, and the problem of carbon dioxide can be effectively solved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system according to one embodiment of the present invention;|[0028] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the reaction system of FIG. 1; |[0029] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the microalgae percolation trapping system of FIG. 1; |[0030] Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the carbon storage cartridge case of fig. 1. |[0031] Reference numerals illustrate:|[0032] |[0033] |[0034] the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0035] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0036] It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear are referred to in the embodiments of the present invention), the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.|[0037] In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.|[0038] About 83% of the carbon circulation around the world needs to be completed by the ocean, which is only 1% of land plant biomass (mainly algae), but contributes about 50% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption annually around the world. Organic matters generated by absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the surface marine algae are transmitted to deep sea water or submarine sediment through a biological pump (biological carbon pump, BCP), and are converted into a stable form of solid carbonate through a micro-biological carbon pump (microbial carbon pump, MCP) under the anaerobic environment and the action of microorganisms, so that the carbon dioxide in the original atmosphere is stored for thousands of years. However, more than 99% of the surface marine algae organisms are metabolically consumed by the respiration of various marine microorganisms during sedimentation, producing carbon dioxide and returned to the atmosphere.|[0039] In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system, and fig. 1 to 4 are schematic views of an embodiment of a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system according to the present invention, and the marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system is mainly described below with reference to the specific drawings.|[0040] Referring to fig. 1, the marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system 100 comprises a photoreaction system 1, a microbial carbon pump system 2, a microalgae percolation and trapping system 3 and a transmission system 4, wherein the photoreaction system 1 comprises a plurality of floating reactors 11 arranged on the sea level, each floating reactor 11 is used for containing carbon-fixed microalgae, the microbial carbon pump system 2 comprises a carbon storage container 21, the microalgae percolation and trapping system 3 is used for collecting the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactors 11 into the carbon storage container 21 on the sea level, and the transmission system 4 is used for transferring the carbon storage container 21 on the sea level to the seabed for storage.|[0041] According to the technical scheme, carbon dioxide in the environment is converted into organic matters through photosynthesis by the carbon fixation microalgae in the photoreaction system 1 and stored in a body, then the microalgae percolation trapping system 3 collects the carbon fixation microalgae which absorb the carbon dioxide into the carbon storage container 21 for sealing and storing, the carbon storage container 21 at the sea level is transferred to the seabed (namely the microbial carbon pump system 2) for storing to finish carbon storage by the transmission system 4, and the marine renewable energy driving carbon storage system 100 provided by the invention is based on a marine system, utilizes marine clean energy as driving force, converts the carbon dioxide into the organic matters through photosynthesis of the microalgae, stores the carbon dioxide into the microalgae, then fixes the microalgae into the carbon storage container 21, buries the carbon storage container 21 into the seabed sediment by the transmission system 4, converts the microalgae organic matters and fillers in the microalgae into stable carbonate under the action of the microbial carbon pump under the biochemical action, and has high carbon dioxide conversion rate and long carbon storage timeliness, so that the problem of carbon dioxide can be effectively solved.|[0042] In this embodiment, the marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system 100 is based on a marine system, the marine system includes a sea level, sea water and a seabed, the photoreaction system 1 and the microalgae percolation and trapping system 3 are disposed on the sea level, the transmission system 4 is disposed in the sea water, and the microbial carbon pump system 2 is disposed on the seabed.|[0043] Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to avoid the carbon-fixed microalgae from being dispersed at sea level due to environmental factors, in this embodiment, the light reaction system 1 includes a reaction fence 12 and a connection pipe assembly, wherein the reaction fence 12 is disposed on the sea level to enclose a reaction area, and the connection pipe assembly is used for communicating two adjacent floating reaction containers in a first direction. Wherein a plurality of the floating reactors 11 and the connection pipe assembly are provided in the reaction zone. The connecting pipe assembly comprises a plurality of suspended flexible connecting pipes 13, specifically, in actual operation, a plurality of floating reactors 11 are arranged in the reaction area, and two adjacent floating reactors 11 are connected through the suspended flexible connecting pipes 13 in the first direction, so that carbon-fixing microalgae in each floating reactor 11 can be conveniently captured by the microalgae percolation and trapping system 3. The connection manner between the two floating reactors 11 is not limited as long as the two floating reactors 11 can be connected, for example, the two floating reactors 11 are connected by one floating flexible connection pipe 13, for example, the two floating reactors 11 are connected by a plurality of floating flexible connection pipes 13, and the specific connection manner can be selected according to practical situations.|[0044] Further, with continued reference to fig. 2, the specific type of the floating reactor 11 is not limited as long as it can satisfy photosynthesis of carbon-fixing microalgae, in one embodiment, the floating reactors 11 are open floating photo-reactors 111, in another embodiment, the floating reactors 11 are closed floating photo-reactors 112, and in yet another embodiment, the floating reactors 11 are open floating photo-reactors 111 and closed floating photo-reactors 112.|[0045] In this embodiment, the open-type floating type photoreactor 111 and the closed-type floating type photoreactor 112 can meet the requirement that algae strains and algae bacteria grow at high density on the sea in a closed and open culture mode, absorb carbon dioxide in air, realize the offshore large-scale cultivation carbon absorption of carbon-fixed microalgae, the suspended flexible connecting pipe 13 is used for fixing and connecting a single floating type photoreactor 11, and the photoreaction fence 12 is used for constructing a large-scale photoreaction field. Compared with land microalgae cultivation, the marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system 100 provided by the invention greatly reduces cultivation cost, so that a carbon fixation microalgae carbon storage scheme is realized.|[0046] Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the microalgae percolation trapping system 3 includes an offshore clean energy operation ship 31, a vacuum collection and filtration container 32, and a power device 33, wherein the vacuum collection and filtration container 32 is disposed on the offshore clean energy operation ship 31, the vacuum collection and filtration container 32 includes a plurality of carbon-free hollow algae filtering members 321, each carbon-free hollow algae filtering member 321 is used for fixing and collecting the carbon-fixed microalgae, and the power device 33 is disposed on the offshore clean energy operation ship 31 and is used for conveying the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor 11 into the carbon-free hollow algae filtering members 321, wherein the carbon storage container 21 includes the carbon-free hollow algae filtering members 321. Specifically, the microalgae percolation trapping system 3 further includes an offshore wind power generator 34, the offshore wind power generator 34 is used for providing power for the offshore clean energy operation ship 31 and all devices thereon, a certain space is provided in the vacuum collection and filtration container 32 for placing the carbon-free material hollow alga filtering component 321, and in the actual operation process, the power device 33 absorbs the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor 11, and transmits the carbon-fixed microalgae to the carbon-free material hollow alga filtering component 321 for storage.|[0047] Further, in order to ensure that the carbon-immobilized microalgae can be stably stored in the zero-carbon material hollow-core filter member 321, the zero-carbon material hollow-core filter member 321 is made of at least one of mixed sand, clay, olivine, alkaline minerals and industrial waste residues. In an embodiment, the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 is filled with solid filler 42 of mixed sand, cohesive soil, olivine, alkaline mineral, industrial waste residue, etc. according to a certain proportion, specifically, the solid filler 42 includes 30% of mixed sand, 10% of cohesive soil, 15% of olivine, 25% of alkaline mineral, 20% of industrial waste residue.|[0048] Further, in an embodiment, carbon-fixing microalgae can be degraded and converted into carbonate rock filler, bacteria and the like by adding the filler in advance, so that the micro-biological carbon pump process in nature can be effectively optimized through human engineering, and carbon-fixing microalgae which captures carbon dioxide in the zero-carbon material hollow filter member 321 are converted into stable carbonate rock under the action of the micro-biological carbon pump to realize the submarine permanent storage of the carbon dioxide.|[0049] Further, in this embodiment, the zero-carbon material hollow algal filtering member 321 is formed by 3D printing.|[0050] With continued reference to fig. 3, the power device 33 includes a water suction pump 331 and a water discharge pump 332, which are respectively disposed at two ends of the vacuum filtration vessel 32, the water suction pump 331 is used for sucking carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor 11, and the water discharge pump 332 is used for discharging seawater percolated by the vacuum filtration vessel 32. In this embodiment, the power unit 33 further includes a connection pipe 333 and a method connection valve 334, the connection pipe 333 is used for connecting the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321, the suction pump 331 and the drain pump 332, and the method connection valve 334 is used for connecting the connection pipe 333, the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321, the suction pump 331 and the drain pump 332. In this embodiment, carbon-fixed microalgae that absorb carbon dioxide in the photoreaction system 1 are absorbed into the hollow carbon-free material microalgae filtering component 321 by the pumping action of the water suction pump 331, and the carbon-fixed microalgae are enriched in the solid filler 42 by percolation under the pumping driving force.|[0051] The specific structure of the transmission system 4 is not limited as long as it can ensure that the carbon storage container 21 on the sea level is transferred to the seabed for storage, and in this embodiment, the transmission system 4 may be ocean itself, and the transmission may be completed by using the principle that the gravity is greater than the buoyancy (i.e., the gravity of the carbon storage cartridge case 41 is greater than the buoyancy of ocean seawater), in consideration of the cost problem and the environmental protection problem of ocean.|[0052] Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in this embodiment, in order to avoid cracking during the process of re-sinking the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 into the sea floor, the transmission system 4 includes a carbon storage cartridge 41 for storing the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321, so as to protect the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 from damage.|[0053] The specific arrangement form of the carbon storage cartridge case 41 is not limited as long as the carbon storage cartridge case 41 can encapsulate the hollow carbon material algae filtering member 321 containing microalgae, in one embodiment, a containing cavity is formed in the carbon storage cartridge case 41, the containing cavity is used for filling the hollow carbon material algae filtering member containing microalgae, in another embodiment, referring to fig. 4, a first cavity 411, a second cavity 412 and a third cavity 413 sequentially arranged along the up-down direction are formed in the carbon storage cartridge case 41, the first cavity 411 and the third cavity 413 are filled with the solid filler 42, and the second cavity 412 is used for filling the hollow carbon material algae filtering member 321 containing microalgae. In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the zero-carbon material hollow algae-filtering member 321 can smoothly sink into the sea floor, the gravity of the carbon storage cartridge case 41 needs to be greater than the buoyancy of seawater, so that the first cavity 411 and the third cavity 413 are filled with solid filler 42, which can increase the weight of the carbon storage cartridge case 41 on one hand, and can protect the zero-carbon material hollow algae-filtering member 321 located in the second cavity 412 from cracking on the other hand.|[0054] Further, in order to ensure that the carbon storage container 21 can be successfully sealed in the seabed, the sum of the gravity of the carbon storage cartridge 41 and the zero carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 containing microalgae is greater than the buoyancy of seawater. In this embodiment, after the carbon-fixing microalgae in the vacuum collection and filtration container 32 fills the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321, the carbon-fixing microalgae-rich filler is sealed in the carbon-storing cartridge case 41 printed by the 3D printing assembly technology through the assembly technology, and due to the effect of the solid filler 42 in the carbon-storing cartridge case 41, the gravity of the carbon-storing cartridge case in water can be designed to be far greater than the buoyancy thereof, and the microalgae can be carried by the dead weight to be quickly immersed in the submarine sediment (soft mud), meanwhile, the carbon-storing cartridge case 41 can also play an effective role in protecting the carbon-fixing microalgae from being prey by marine biological chains in the sedimentation process, so that the conventional biological pump process can occur.|[0055] Further, the carbon cartridge 41 carries the carbon dioxide capturing carbon-fixed microalgae, the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 penetrates into the seabed sediment to be cracked, and the solid filler 42 converts carbonate under the action of microorganisms in natural environment.|[0056] Further, in this embodiment, the solid filler 42 may be added in advance to degrade and convert microalgae into carbonate filler and bacteria, so that the micro-biological carbon pump process in nature can be optimized effectively through human engineering, and the carbon-fixed microalgae capturing carbon dioxide in the zero-carbon material hollow filter member 321 is converted into stable carbonate under the action of the micro-biological carbon pump to realize the submarine permanent storage of carbon dioxide.|[0057] The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the specification and drawings of the present invention or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention. | (CN115537301)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon storage, in particular to a marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] About 83% of the carbon circulation around the world needs to be completed by the ocean, which is only 1% of land plant biomass (mainly algae), but contributes about 50% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption annually around the world. Organic matters generated by absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the surface marine algae are transmitted to deep sea water or submarine sediment through a biological pump (biological carbon pump, BCP), and are converted into a stable form of solid carbonate through a micro-biological carbon pump (microbial carbon pump, MCP) under the anaerobic environment and the action of microorganisms, so that the carbon dioxide in the original atmosphere is stored for thousands of years. However, more than 99% of the surface marine algae organisms are metabolically consumed by the respiration of various marine microorganisms during sedimentation, producing carbon dioxide and returned to the atmosphere.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0003] The invention mainly aims to provide a marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system, and aims to solve the problems of unstable carbon storage and limited timeliness in the prior art.|[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system, comprising:|[0005] the photoreaction system comprises a plurality of floating reactors arranged on the sea level, wherein each floating reactor is internally provided with carbon-fixing microalgae; |[0006] A microbial carbon pump system comprising a carbon storage vessel; |[0007] a microalgae percolation and trapping system for collecting carbon-immobilized microalgae in the floating reactors into a carbon storage container at sea level, and |[0008] And the transmission system is used for transferring the carbon storage container on the sea level to the seabed for storage.|[0009] Optionally, the photoreaction system includes:|[0010] a reaction fence arranged on the sea level and enclosing a reaction area, and |[0011] A connecting pipe assembly for connecting adjacent two of the floating reaction vessels in a first direction;|[0012] wherein a plurality of the floating reactors and the connecting pipe assembly are disposed in the reaction region. |[0013] Optionally, the plurality of floating reactors comprises a plurality of open floating photo-reactors and/or a plurality of closed floating photo-reactors.|[0014] Optionally, the microalgae percolation and trapping system comprises:|[0015] Offshore clean energy operation ship; |[0016] the vacuum collecting and filtering container is arranged on the offshore clean energy operation ship and comprises a plurality of zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering components, wherein each zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component is used for fixing and collecting the carbon-fixed microalgae, and |[0017] The power device is arranged on the offshore clean energy operation ship and is used for conveying the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor into the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component;|[0018] Wherein, the carbon storage container comprises the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component. |[0019] Optionally, the material of the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member comprises at least one of mixed sand, cohesive soil, olivine, alkaline minerals and industrial waste residues.|[0020] Optionally, the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member is formed by 3D printing.|[0021] Optionally, the power device comprises a water suction pump and a drainage pump, wherein the water suction pump is respectively arranged at two ends of the vacuum filter collecting container, the water suction pump is used for sucking carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor, and the drainage pump is used for draining seawater percolated by the vacuum filter collecting container.|[0022] Optionally, the transmission system comprises a carbon storage cartridge for storing the hollow algae filtering member of the zero carbon material.|[0023] Optionally, a containing cavity is formed in the carbon storage cartridge case, and the containing cavity is used for filling a zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering component containing microalgae.|[0024] Optionally, the sum of the gravity of the carbon storage cartridge and the zero carbon material hollow algal filtering member containing microalgae is greater than the buoyancy of seawater.|[0025] According to the marine renewable energy source driven carbon storage system provided by the invention, the marine renewable energy source is based on a marine system, carbon dioxide is converted into organic matters through photosynthesis of microalgae, the carbon dioxide is stored in the microalgae, the microalgae is fixed in the carbon storage container, the carbon storage container is buried in the submarine sediment through the transmission system, the microalgae organic matters and fillers in the microalgae are converted into stable carbonates under the action of a micro biological carbon pump, the carbon dioxide conversion rate is high, the carbon storage timeliness is long, and the problem of carbon dioxide can be effectively solved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system according to one embodiment of the present invention;|[0028] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the reaction system of FIG. 1; |[0029] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the microalgae percolation trapping system of FIG. 1; |[0030] Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the carbon storage cartridge case of fig. 1. |[0031] Reference numerals illustrate:|[0032] |[0033] |[0034] the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0035] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0036] It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear are referred to in the embodiments of the present invention), the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.|[0037] In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.|[0038] About 83% of the carbon circulation around the world needs to be completed by the ocean, which is only 1% of land plant biomass (mainly algae), but contributes about 50% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption annually around the world. Organic matters generated by absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the surface marine algae are transmitted to deep sea water or submarine sediment through a biological pump (biological carbon pump, BCP), and are converted into a stable form of solid carbonate through a micro-biological carbon pump (microbial carbon pump, MCP) under the anaerobic environment and the action of microorganisms, so that the carbon dioxide in the original atmosphere is stored for thousands of years. However, more than 99% of the surface marine algae organisms are metabolically consumed by the respiration of various marine microorganisms during sedimentation, producing carbon dioxide and returned to the atmosphere.|[0039] In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system, and fig. 1 to 4 are schematic views of an embodiment of a marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system according to the present invention, and the marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system is mainly described below with reference to the specific drawings.|[0040] Referring to fig. 1, the marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system 100 comprises a photoreaction system 1, a microbial carbon pump system 2, a microalgae percolation and trapping system 3 and a transmission system 4, wherein the photoreaction system 1 comprises a plurality of floating reactors 11 arranged on the sea level, each floating reactor 11 is used for containing carbon-fixed microalgae, the microbial carbon pump system 2 comprises a carbon storage container 21, the microalgae percolation and trapping system 3 is used for collecting the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactors 11 into the carbon storage container 21 on the sea level, and the transmission system 4 is used for transferring the carbon storage container 21 on the sea level to the seabed for storage.|[0041] According to the technical scheme, carbon dioxide in the environment is converted into organic matters through photosynthesis by the carbon fixation microalgae in the photoreaction system 1 and stored in a body, then the microalgae percolation trapping system 3 collects the carbon fixation microalgae which absorb the carbon dioxide into the carbon storage container 21 for sealing and storing, the carbon storage container 21 at the sea level is transferred to the seabed (namely the microbial carbon pump system 2) for storing to finish carbon storage by the transmission system 4, and the marine renewable energy driving carbon storage system 100 provided by the invention is based on a marine system, utilizes marine clean energy as driving force, converts the carbon dioxide into the organic matters through photosynthesis of the microalgae, stores the carbon dioxide into the microalgae, then fixes the microalgae into the carbon storage container 21, buries the carbon storage container 21 into the seabed sediment by the transmission system 4, converts the microalgae organic matters and fillers in the microalgae into stable carbonate under the action of the microbial carbon pump under the biochemical action, and has high carbon dioxide conversion rate and long carbon storage timeliness, so that the problem of carbon dioxide can be effectively solved.|[0042] In this embodiment, the marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system 100 is based on a marine system, the marine system includes a sea level, sea water and a seabed, the photoreaction system 1 and the microalgae percolation and trapping system 3 are disposed on the sea level, the transmission system 4 is disposed in the sea water, and the microbial carbon pump system 2 is disposed on the seabed.|[0043] Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to avoid the carbon-fixed microalgae from being dispersed at sea level due to environmental factors, in this embodiment, the light reaction system 1 includes a reaction fence 12 and a connection pipe assembly, wherein the reaction fence 12 is disposed on the sea level to enclose a reaction area, and the connection pipe assembly is used for communicating two adjacent floating reaction containers in a first direction. Wherein a plurality of the floating reactors 11 and the connection pipe assembly are provided in the reaction zone. The connecting pipe assembly comprises a plurality of suspended flexible connecting pipes 13, specifically, in actual operation, a plurality of floating reactors 11 are arranged in the reaction area, and two adjacent floating reactors 11 are connected through the suspended flexible connecting pipes 13 in the first direction, so that carbon-fixing microalgae in each floating reactor 11 can be conveniently captured by the microalgae percolation and trapping system 3. The connection manner between the two floating reactors 11 is not limited as long as the two floating reactors 11 can be connected, for example, the two floating reactors 11 are connected by one floating flexible connection pipe 13, for example, the two floating reactors 11 are connected by a plurality of floating flexible connection pipes 13, and the specific connection manner can be selected according to practical situations.|[0044] Further, with continued reference to fig. 2, the specific type of the floating reactor 11 is not limited as long as it can satisfy photosynthesis of carbon-fixing microalgae, in one embodiment, the floating reactors 11 are open floating photo-reactors 111, in another embodiment, the floating reactors 11 are closed floating photo-reactors 112, and in yet another embodiment, the floating reactors 11 are open floating photo-reactors 111 and closed floating photo-reactors 112.|[0045] In this embodiment, the open-type floating type photoreactor 111 and the closed-type floating type photoreactor 112 can meet the requirement that algae strains and algae bacteria grow at high density on the sea in a closed and open culture mode, absorb carbon dioxide in air, realize the offshore large-scale cultivation carbon absorption of carbon-fixed microalgae, the suspended flexible connecting pipe 13 is used for fixing and connecting a single floating type photoreactor 11, and the photoreaction fence 12 is used for constructing a large-scale photoreaction field. Compared with land microalgae cultivation, the marine renewable energy driven carbon storage system 100 provided by the invention greatly reduces cultivation cost, so that a carbon fixation microalgae carbon storage scheme is realized.|[0046] Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the microalgae percolation trapping system 3 includes an offshore clean energy operation ship 31, a vacuum collection and filtration container 32, and a power device 33, wherein the vacuum collection and filtration container 32 is disposed on the offshore clean energy operation ship 31, the vacuum collection and filtration container 32 includes a plurality of carbon-free hollow algae filtering members 321, each carbon-free hollow algae filtering member 321 is used for fixing and collecting the carbon-fixed microalgae, and the power device 33 is disposed on the offshore clean energy operation ship 31 and is used for conveying the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor 11 into the carbon-free hollow algae filtering members 321, wherein the carbon storage container 21 includes the carbon-free hollow algae filtering members 321. Specifically, the microalgae percolation trapping system 3 further includes an offshore wind power generator 34, the offshore wind power generator 34 is used for providing power for the offshore clean energy operation ship 31 and all devices thereon, a certain space is provided in the vacuum collection and filtration container 32 for placing the carbon-free material hollow alga filtering component 321, and in the actual operation process, the power device 33 absorbs the carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor 11, and transmits the carbon-fixed microalgae to the carbon-free material hollow alga filtering component 321 for storage.|[0047] Further, in order to ensure that the carbon-immobilized microalgae can be stably stored in the zero-carbon material hollow-core filter member 321, the zero-carbon material hollow-core filter member 321 is made of at least one of mixed sand, clay, olivine, alkaline minerals and industrial waste residues. In an embodiment, the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 is filled with solid filler 42 of mixed sand, cohesive soil, olivine, alkaline mineral, industrial waste residue, etc. according to a certain proportion, specifically, the solid filler 42 includes 30% of mixed sand, 10% of cohesive soil, 15% of olivine, 25% of alkaline mineral, 20% of industrial waste residue.|[0048] Further, in an embodiment, carbon-fixing microalgae can be degraded and converted into carbonate rock filler, bacteria and the like by adding the filler in advance, so that the micro-biological carbon pump process in nature can be effectively optimized through human engineering, and carbon-fixing microalgae which captures carbon dioxide in the zero-carbon material hollow filter member 321 are converted into stable carbonate rock under the action of the micro-biological carbon pump to realize the submarine permanent storage of the carbon dioxide.|[0049] Further, in this embodiment, the zero-carbon material hollow algal filtering member 321 is formed by 3D printing.|[0050] With continued reference to fig. 3, the power device 33 includes a water suction pump 331 and a water discharge pump 332, which are respectively disposed at two ends of the vacuum filtration vessel 32, the water suction pump 331 is used for sucking carbon-fixed microalgae in the floating reactor 11, and the water discharge pump 332 is used for discharging seawater percolated by the vacuum filtration vessel 32. In this embodiment, the power unit 33 further includes a connection pipe 333 and a method connection valve 334, the connection pipe 333 is used for connecting the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321, the suction pump 331 and the drain pump 332, and the method connection valve 334 is used for connecting the connection pipe 333, the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321, the suction pump 331 and the drain pump 332. In this embodiment, carbon-fixed microalgae that absorb carbon dioxide in the photoreaction system 1 are absorbed into the hollow carbon-free material microalgae filtering component 321 by the pumping action of the water suction pump 331, and the carbon-fixed microalgae are enriched in the solid filler 42 by percolation under the pumping driving force.|[0051] The specific structure of the transmission system 4 is not limited as long as it can ensure that the carbon storage container 21 on the sea level is transferred to the seabed for storage, and in this embodiment, the transmission system 4 may be ocean itself, and the transmission may be completed by using the principle that the gravity is greater than the buoyancy (i.e., the gravity of the carbon storage cartridge case 41 is greater than the buoyancy of ocean seawater), in consideration of the cost problem and the environmental protection problem of ocean.|[0052] Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in this embodiment, in order to avoid cracking during the process of re-sinking the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 into the sea floor, the transmission system 4 includes a carbon storage cartridge 41 for storing the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321, so as to protect the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 from damage.|[0053] The specific arrangement form of the carbon storage cartridge case 41 is not limited as long as the carbon storage cartridge case 41 can encapsulate the hollow carbon material algae filtering member 321 containing microalgae, in one embodiment, a containing cavity is formed in the carbon storage cartridge case 41, the containing cavity is used for filling the hollow carbon material algae filtering member containing microalgae, in another embodiment, referring to fig. 4, a first cavity 411, a second cavity 412 and a third cavity 413 sequentially arranged along the up-down direction are formed in the carbon storage cartridge case 41, the first cavity 411 and the third cavity 413 are filled with the solid filler 42, and the second cavity 412 is used for filling the hollow carbon material algae filtering member 321 containing microalgae. In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the zero-carbon material hollow algae-filtering member 321 can smoothly sink into the sea floor, the gravity of the carbon storage cartridge case 41 needs to be greater than the buoyancy of seawater, so that the first cavity 411 and the third cavity 413 are filled with solid filler 42, which can increase the weight of the carbon storage cartridge case 41 on one hand, and can protect the zero-carbon material hollow algae-filtering member 321 located in the second cavity 412 from cracking on the other hand.|[0054] Further, in order to ensure that the carbon storage container 21 can be successfully sealed in the seabed, the sum of the gravity of the carbon storage cartridge 41 and the zero carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 containing microalgae is greater than the buoyancy of seawater. In this embodiment, after the carbon-fixing microalgae in the vacuum collection and filtration container 32 fills the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321, the carbon-fixing microalgae-rich filler is sealed in the carbon-storing cartridge case 41 printed by the 3D printing assembly technology through the assembly technology, and due to the effect of the solid filler 42 in the carbon-storing cartridge case 41, the gravity of the carbon-storing cartridge case in water can be designed to be far greater than the buoyancy thereof, and the microalgae can be carried by the dead weight to be quickly immersed in the submarine sediment (soft mud), meanwhile, the carbon-storing cartridge case 41 can also play an effective role in protecting the carbon-fixing microalgae from being prey by marine biological chains in the sedimentation process, so that the conventional biological pump process can occur.|[0055] Further, the carbon cartridge 41 carries the carbon dioxide capturing carbon-fixed microalgae, the zero-carbon material hollow algae filtering member 321 penetrates into the seabed sediment to be cracked, and the solid filler 42 converts carbonate under the action of microorganisms in natural environment.|[0056] Further, in this embodiment, the solid filler 42 may be added in advance to degrade and convert microalgae into carbonate filler and bacteria, so that the micro-biological carbon pump process in nature can be optimized effectively through human engineering, and the carbon-fixed microalgae capturing carbon dioxide in the zero-carbon material hollow filter member 321 is converted into stable carbonate under the action of the micro-biological carbon pump to realize the submarine permanent storage of carbon dioxide.|[0057] The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the specification and drawings of the present invention or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(103237565)|103237565|Abstract|(CN115537301B B)|The invention discloses a carbon storage system driven by marine renewable energy . The carbon storage system comprises a photoreaction system , a microbial carbon pump system , a microalgae percolation trapping system and a transmission system , the photoreaction system comprises a plurality of floating reactors arranged on the sea level , and each floating reactor is used for accommodating carbon sequestration microalgae ; the microbial carbon pump system comprises a carbon storage container ; the microalgae percolation trapping system is used for collecting the carbon sequestration microalgae in the plurality of floating reactors into a carbon storage container on the sea level ; and the transmission system is used for transferring the carbon storage container on the sea level to the seabed for storage . The invention aims to solve the problems of unstable carbon storage and limited timeliness of the carbon storage technology in the prior art . |Title|(CN115537301B B)|Ocean renewable energy source driven carbon storage system | | Biotechnology | C12M-021/02|C12M-023/56|C12M-023/58|C12M-033/04|C12M-033/14|C12M-037/04|C12M-043/08|C12M-047/02 | C12M-021/02|C12M-023/56|C12M-023/58|C12M-033/04|C12M-033/14|C12M-037/04|C12M-043/08|C12M-047/02 | C12M-001/00|C12M-001/12 | C12M-001/00|C12M-001/12 | CN114395467|CN114088883 | CN114395467 99766162 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN114088883 98879007 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y | CN114088883; CN114395467 | GRANTED | (CN115537301)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN115537301)|ALIVE | (CN115537301)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN115537301|Actual or expected expiration date=2042-09-01|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2022-09-01|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202211069663|Application date=2022-09-01|Standardized application number=2022CN-1069663|Event publication date=2022-12-30|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115537301|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2022-12-30|Standardized publication number=CN115537301|Event publication date=2022-12-30|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-01-20|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-06-24|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115537301|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2025-06-24|Standardized publication number=CN115537301B|Event publication date=2025-06-24|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN115537301)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoRa7tZjQ8E50xj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077922326&ekey=2319&xpn=CN115537301B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=J2iCYXO9dBGfAmoQesMC0rmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN115537301)|CN|(CN115537301)|CN | (CN115537301)|NAME=UNIV SOUTH SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CHINA , COUNTRY=CN|(CN115537301)|NAME=UNIV SOUTH SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CHINA , COUNTRY=CN | (CN115537301)|NAME=LIAO YONGYAO;CENFO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY , REG=44287|(CN115537301)|NAME=LIAO YONGYAO;CENFO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY , REG=44287 | (CN115537301)|NAME=WANG YUZE|NAME=ZHANG CHUANLUN|NAME=CHEN YONGSHUN|NAME=HOU SHENGWEI|NAME=FENG WEIQIANG|NAME=FU YONG|(CN115537301)|NAME=WANG YUZE|NAME=ZHANG CHUANLUN|NAME=CHEN YONGSHUN|NAME=HOU SHENGWEI|NAME=FENG WEIQIANG|NAME=FU YONG | Titre: (CN115537301)|Ocean renewable energy source driven carbon storage system Résumé: (CN115537301)|The invention discloses a carbon storage system driven by marine renewable energy. The carbon storage system comprises a photoreaction system, a microbial carbon pump system, a microalgae percolation trapping system and a transmission system, the photoreaction system comprises a plurality of floating reactors arranged on the sea level, and each floating reactor is used for accommodating carbon sequestration microalgae; the microbial carbon pump system comprises a carbon storage container; the microalgae percolation trapping system is used for collecting the carbon sequestration microalgae in the plurality of floating reactors into a carbon storage container on the sea level; and the transmission system is used for transferring the carbon storage container on the sea level to the seabed for storage. The invention aims to solve the problems of unstable carbon storage and limited timeliness of the carbon storage technology in the prior art. | 52.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses a carbon storage system involving microalgae but does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment aimed at enhancing phytoplankton growth for CO₂ uptake. | 2.0 | 0.0 | (CN115537301)|1 | (CN115537301)|5 | (CN115537301)|6|(CN115537301)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN115537301)|4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN115537301)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-06-24|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-2601|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11|Primary examiner: 马彧博|Primary examiner: Ma Yubo||(CN115537301)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2022-12-30|Gazette number: GAZNUM=38-5202|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11|Primary examiner: 马彧博|Primary examiner: Ma Yubo| | (CN115537301)|Previous publication: CN115537301 A 2022-12-30 [CN115537301] | (CN115537301)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN115537301B)|Patent|(CN115537301)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 62 | CN201210012832 | CN201210012832 | CN102586138 | 7802646 | CN102586138 A 2012-07-18 [CN102586138] | 2012-01-16 | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-18 | (CN102586138)|2013-10-30 | (CN102586138)|Method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthesizing microorganism by using mixed electron donor | (CN102586138)|The invention relates to the field of CO2 sequestration of microorganism, in particular relates to a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthesizing microorganism. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms, and adding a trace element solution to the culture medium; (2) preparing an electron donor concentrated solution; (3) adding the electron donor concentrated solution prepared in the step (2) into the culture solution containing trace element prepared in the step (1); and (4) adding mixed carbon sequestration strain from the ocean into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing in an aerobic condition. The method provided by the invention also has the advantages of simple technology and strong operability, and brings certain economic benefits. | TONGJI UNIVERSITY | (CN102586138)|TONGJI UNIVERSITY | HU JIAJUN|WANG LEI|ZHANG SHIPING|XI XUEFEI|DAN YINA|HU YU|ZHANG YANNAN | (CN102586138)|HU JIAJUN|WANG LEI|ZHANG SHIPING|XI XUEFEI|DAN YINA|HU YU|ZHANG YANNAN | (CN102586138)|WU LINSONG;SHANGHAI ZHI XIN PATENT AGENT LTD. | (CN102586138)|The invention also has the advantages of simple process, strong operability and certain economic benefit.|However, the carbon sequestration efficiency of these floras is lower than that of photosynthetic microorganisms, and the main reasons for this are that these floras have limited kinds of available energy substances, limited amounts of energy substances, and limited availability of energy substances, and if a mixed electron donor system is used, these problems can be effectively solved, which will contribute to significantly improving the carbon sequestration efficiency and further enhance the potential economic and social benefits of the floras in practical applications.|The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria have a wide growth range without illumination, but the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria must provide high-concentration hydrogen as an electron donor in the growth process, so that the common environmental conditions are difficult to meet the growth requirements, and meanwhile, in practical application, the hydrogen supply has serious potential safety hazards.| | (CN102586138)|1. A method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:(1) preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms; then adding a trace element solution into the culture medium;(2) preparing an electron donor concentrated solution;(3) adding the electron donor concentrated solution prepared in the step (2) into the culture solution containing the trace elements prepared in the step (1);(4) adding the mixed carbon-fixing strain from the sea into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing under aerobic conditions.| | (CN102586138)|The invention relates to a microbial immobilizationDetermine CO2The field relates to a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms.|The invention relates to microbial immobilization of CO2The field relates to a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms.| | (CN102586138)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,10)|MIXED ELECTRON DONOR(100,10)|NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISM(100,6)|CULTURING AUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM(63,6)|MICROBE IMMOBILIZATION(47,1)|CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISM(35,6)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(32,2)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISM(30,3)|FLORA SOCIAL BENEFIT(29,1)|SEAWATER MIXED MICROBIAL FLORA(27,2)|METHANEDIONE CONTENT(26,6)|ELECTRON DONOR(25,28)|ENERGY SUBSTANCE(25,2)|CO2THE FIELD MICROBIAL IMMOBILIZATION(23,1)|CULTURE SOLUTION(22,5)|NA2S2O3OR K2S2O(22,2)|NANO2OR KNO(21,2)|GROWTH REQUIREMENT(21,1)|OPERABILITY(20,3)|CARBON FIXING STRAIN(19,5)|MIXED CARBON FIXING STRAIN(19,5)|SEAWATER SEDIMENT(19,5)|MANGANESE BACTERIUM(19,2)|ELECTRON DONOR CONCENTRATED SOLUTION(18,14)|FLORA(18,5)|NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON FIXATION(17,2)|THIOSULFATE(16,6)|SEA(15,9)|CULTURE MEDIUM(14,24)|NITRITE(13,6)|SULFIDE(13,6)|MIXED ELECTRON DONOR DOSAGE(13,2)|WIDE GROWTH(13,1)|HYDROGEN OXIDIZING BACTERIA(12,3)|CO2THE FIELD(12,2)|HETEROTROPHIC MICROORGANISM(12,2)|SAFETY HAZARD(12,1)|SOCIAL BENEFIT(12,1)|SUPPLYING HYDROGEN(11,2)|CONCENTRATED SOLUTION(10,17)|ILLUMINATION(10,3)|2SO4OR AMMONIUM CHLORIDE(10,2)|NITROBACTERIUM(10,2)|TRACE ELEMENT SOLUTION(9,12)|AEROBIC CONDITION(9,10)|FERROUS SALT(9,4)|TRACE ELEMENT(9,3)|5H2ONE(9,2)|7H2AND(9,2)|OXYGEN CONTENT(9,2)|MGSO4 7H2O(8,5)|GROWTH(8,1)|CONCENTRATED SOLUTION NA2S2O3AND NA2THE(7,3)|IRON BACTERIA(7,2)|OCEAN SEAWATER SAMPLE(7,2)|AVAILABLE ENERGY SUBSTANCE(7,1)|DROUGHT BARREN DESERT SOIL(7,1)|ENERGY SUBSTANCE LIMITED AVAILABILITY(7,1)|2H2O(6,5)|6H2O(6,5)|K2HPO(6,5)|SULFUR BACTERIA(6,5)|FESO(6,4)|CARBON FIXING MICROBIAL FLORA(6,3)|CO2THE FIXATION(6,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION(6,2)|ARTIFICIALLY EMITTED CO2THE RESEARCH(6,1)|SEQUESTRATION2THE RESOURCE UTILIZATION(6,1)|HYDROGEN BACTERIA(5,3)|BACTERIAL SIEVE(5,2)|BIOSPHERE2HAS SIGNIFICANCE(5,1)|CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC BACTERIUM(5,1)|CO2THE RESOURCE UTILIZATION REACTION(5,1)|MICROBIAL FLORAS2THE(5,1)|NA2THE MICROORGANISM(5,1)|METHANEDIONE(4,6)|NITRIFYING BACTERIUM(4,3)|FERROUS CHLORIDE(4,2)|ABSORPTION INDUSTRIAL EMISSION(4,1)|ABUNDANT CARBON RESOURCE(4,1)|CANUN MEETING(4,1)|CO2THE CLIMATE WARMING(4,1)|COUNTRY ATTRACTED WIDE INTEREST(4,1)|CULTURE BROTH(4,1)|EXPERT FOCUS(4,1)|FIXING CO2MAINLY(4,1)|LIMITED AVAILABILITY(4,1)|MICROBIAL POPULATION(4,1)|MIXED ELECTRON DONOR2THE(4,1)|MIXED ELECTRON DONORS2EFFICIENCY(4,1)|SUGGESTION DRAFT(4,1)|NA2MOO(3,3)|CARBON FIXING MICROORGANISM(3,2)|CULTURE TIME(3,2)|DECADE(3,2)|INOCULATING CARBON FIXING(3,2)|INVENTION2THE(3,2)|HALF YEAR DOMESTICATION CULTURE(3,1)|HIGH CONCENTRATION HYDROGEN(3,1)|MICROORGANISM CARBON FIXATION(3,1)|NORTH POLE(3,1)|SOUTH POLE(3,1)|ADAPTABILITY(2,1)|CO2THE EMISSION REDUCTION(2,1)|ENVIRONMENT2AND(2,1)|EQUIVALENT EMISSION(2,1)| | (CN102586138)|1. A method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:|(1) preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms; then adding a trace element solution into the culture medium;|(2) preparing an electron donor concentrated solution;|(3) adding the electron donor concentrated solution prepared in the step (2) into the culture solution containing the trace elements prepared in the step (1);|(4) adding the mixed carbon-fixing strain from the sea into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing under aerobic conditions.|2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the culture medium in the step (1) comprises the following components: 0.5-1.0g/LKH2PO4、1.0-2.0g/L K2HPO4、0.1-0.2g/L MgSO4·7H2O、10-30g/LNaCl、0.001-0.01g/L CaCl20.0036mmol-0.036mmol/L ferrous salt and 0.00375-0.0375mol/L NH4+。|3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the ferrous salt is selected from FeSO4·7H2O、FeSO4Or FeCl2;|Or said ammonium salt is selected from (NH)4)2SO4Or NH4Cl。|4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the trace element solution contains 1.68mg/LNa2MoO4·2H2O、0.4mg/LH3BO3、1.0mg/LZnSO4·7H2O、1.0mg/LMnSO4·5H2O、7.0mg/LCuSO4·5H2O、1.0mg/LCoCl2·6H2O or 1.0mg/LNiSO4·7H2And O or more.|5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), 2ml of trace element solution is added into each liter of culture solution.|6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the electron donor in the step (2) is selected from MnSO4·5H2One or more than one of O, nitrite, thiosulfate or sulfide.|7.The method of claim 6, wherein: the nitrite is selected from NaNO2Or KNO2;|The thiosulfate is selected from Na2S2O3Or K2S2O3。|The sulfide is selected from Na2S or K2S。|8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the concentration of each electron donor in the electron donor concentrated solution is 80-200 mg/mL;|or the dosage of the mixed electron donor in the step (3) is 0.01-10g/L MnSO4·5H2O, 1-15g/L nitrite, 1-15g/L thiosulfate or 1-15g/L sulfide.|9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the mixed carbon-fixing strain from the sea in the step (4) is selected from obligate/facultative autotrophic microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms, and is selected from mixed microbial flora of sea water or sea water sediments, the microbial flora consists of chemoautotrophic microorganisms, and the chemoautotrophic microorganisms comprise more than one of iron bacteria, hydrogen bacteria, sulfur bacteria, manganese bacteria or nitrobacteria.|10. The method of claim 1, wherein: the aerobic conditions in the step (4) are as follows: the oxygen content in the gas is 5-25%, the carbon dioxide content is more than 0%, the carbon dioxide content is preferably 5-30%, the carbon dioxide content is more preferably 20%, and the culture time is 4-8 days. | (CN102586138)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0002] The invention relates to a microbial immobilizationDetermine CO2The field relates to a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms.|BACKGROUND ART|[0004] CO2The climate warming caused by the induced "greenhouse effect" is a significant environmental problem currently facing the world. The 4 th evaluation report from IPCC indicates: in the last decade (1995-2004), CO2The rate of increase in equivalent emissions (9.2 million tons of CO per year)2Equivalence) to the emission rate of the previous decade (1970-1994) (4.3 million tons of CO per year)2Equivalent) is much higher. The 'twelve and five planning suggestion draft' in China shows that China will be charged with CO2The emission reduction is at a considerable place. In the Canun meeting held at the end of 2010, China promises to reach 2020, the unit of the total domestic product (GDP) CO2The emission is reduced by 40-45% compared with 2005. With CO2And is the most abundant carbon resource on the earth, and can be converted into resources and energy sources. Thus, CO2The fixation of the zinc oxide has important significance in the aspects of environment, energy and resources. Currently, how to reduce CO is under consideration2On the premise of (1), research on CO2Can effectively reduce free CO in the environment2And can be regenerated into resources, thus having attracted wide interest of all countries in the world.|[0005] CO2The fixation mainly comprises physical method, chemical method and biological method, and most of the physical method and chemical method must be connected with biological method to finally fix CO2. Biological method for fixing CO2Mainly depends on plants and autotrophic microorganisms, and the photosynthesis of the plants is more important and more important in the prior art. However, there are various environments on the earth, and in special environments and places where plants cannot grow (such as drought-barren desert soil and industrial waste gas capture places), the advantage of environmental adaptability possessed by microorganisms is revealed, so that the microorganisms fix CO from the viewpoint of mass flow and energy flow of the whole biosphere2Has great significance.|[0006] It is currently accepted that microorganisms with higher carbon sequestration efficiency are mainly hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria among photosynthetic microorganisms and chemoautotrophic bacteria. Photosynthetic microorganisms such as algae require light during cultivation, and are thermolabile and highly concentrated in CO2The characteristics of (a) limit its practical application. The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria have a wide growth range without illumination, but the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria must provide high-concentration hydrogen as an electron donor in the growth process, so that the common environmental conditions are difficult to meet the growth requirements, and meanwhile, in practical application, the hydrogen supply has serious potential safety hazards. Therefore, the method can be used for exploring the high-efficiency carbon-fixing microorganisms without illumination and hydrogen supply and realizing the carbon fixation of the microorganisms under the common environmental conditions (such as soil environment and CO absorption industrial emission)2In large bioreactors) are of great importance.|[0007] The ocean plays an important role in the global carbon cycle process, and absorbs 2.0Gt (1Gt is 10) every year9t) artificially emitted CO2The research on carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean is always the focus of the experts in the related fields all over the world. For this purpose, we have collected water and soil samples from multiple sea areas (including four oceans, tens of countries and regions) around the world, and have obtained multiple series of carbon-fixing microbial flora without illumination and hydrogen supply by separation and screening. However, the carbon sequestration efficiency of these floras is lower than that of photosynthetic microorganisms, and the main reasons for this are that these floras have limited kinds of available energy substances, limited amounts of energy substances, and limited availability of energy substances, and if a mixed electron donor system is used, these problems can be effectively solved, which will contribute to significantly improving the carbon sequestration efficiency and further enhance the potential economic and social benefits of the floras in practical applications.|DISCLOSURE|[0008] Disclosure of Invention|[0009] The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for improving the carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms by using a mixed electron donor under aerobic conditions.|[0010] In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:|[0011] a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms, comprising the following steps:|[0012] (1) preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms; then adding a trace element solution into the culture medium;|[0013] (2) preparing an electron donor concentrated solution;|[0014] (3) adding the electron donor concentrated solution prepared in the step (2) into the culture solution containing the trace elements prepared in the step (1);|[0015] (4) adding the mixed carbon-fixing strain from the sea into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing under aerobic conditions.|[0016] The culture medium in the step (1) comprises the following components: 0.5-1.0g/L KH2PO4、1.0-2.0g/L K2HPO4、0.1-0.2g/L MgSO4·7H2O、10-30g/L NaCl、0.001-0.01g/L CaCl20.0036mmol-0.036mmol/L ferrous salt and 0.00375-0.0375mol/L NH4+。|[0017] The ferrous salt is selected from FeSO4·7H2O、FeSO4Or FeCl2;|[0018] Said ammonium salt is selected from (NH)4)2SO4Or NH4Cl。|[0019] The trace element solution contains 1.68mg/LNa2MoO4·2H2O、0.4mg/LH3BO3、1.0mg/LZnSO4·7H2O、1.0mg/LMnSO4·5H2O、7.0mg/LCuSO4·5H2O、1.0mg/LCoCl2·6H2O or 1.0mg/LNiSO4·7H2And O or more.|[0020] In the step (1), 2ml of trace element solution is added into each liter of culture solution.|[0021] The electrons in the step (2)The donor is selected from MnSO4·5H2One or more than one of O, nitrite, thiosulfate or sulfide.|[0022] The nitrite is selected from NaNO2Or KNO2;|[0023] The thiosulfate is selected from Na2S2O3Or K2S2O3。|[0024] The sulfide is selected from Na2S or K2S。|[0025] In the step (2), the concentration of each electron donor in the electron donor concentrated solution is 80-200 mg/mL.|[0026] The dosage of the mixed electron donor in the step (3) is 0.01-10g/L MnSO4·5H2O, 1-15g/L nitrite, 1-15g/L thiosulfate or 1-15g/L sulfide.|[0027] The mixed carbon-fixing strain from the sea in the step (4) is selected from obligate/facultative autotrophic microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms, and is selected from mixed microbial flora of sea water or sea water sediments, the microbial flora mainly comprises chemoautotrophic microorganisms, and comprises more than one of iron bacteria, hydrogen bacteria, sulfur bacteria, manganese bacteria or nitrobacteria.|[0028] The aerobic conditions in the step (4) are as follows: the oxygen content in the gas is 5-25%, the carbon dioxide content is more than 0%, the carbon dioxide content is preferably 5-30%, the carbon dioxide content is more preferably 20%, and the culture time is 4-8 days.|[0029] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0030] mixing MnSO4·5H2O、NaNO2、KNO2、Na2S2O3Or Na2More than one of S is made into a mixed electron donor system, so that the carbon fixation efficiency of the non-photosynthetic carbon fixation microorganisms can be effectively promoted; experiments show that the carbon fixing efficiency of the non-photosynthetic carbon fixing microorganism cultured by using the mixed electron donor is that the single electron donor is used for culturingSeveral times higher than that of NaNO, e.g. with NaNO2,Na2S2O3And Na2The effect of the S-composed mixed electron donor system is that MnSO is not added4·5H2O、NaNO2、KNO2、K2S2O3、Na2S2O3、K2S or Na26424% of the effect of either S, indicating that the mixed electron donor can effectively enhance the carbon sequestration efficiency of microorganisms, thereby achieving CO sequestration2The resource utilization is realized. The invention also has the advantages of simple process, strong operability and certain economic benefit.|INVENTION MODE|[0031] Detailed Description|[0032] The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.|[0033] Example 1|[0034] (1) Preparing culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms|[0035] The formula of the culture medium is as follows (g/L): KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4(1.0);K2HPO4(2.0);MgSO4·7H2O (0.2); NaCl (20) and CaCl2(0.01);(NH4)2SO4(0.038mol/L);FeSO4·7H2O (0.0036 mmol/L); a further 2mL of trace element solution was added per liter of the above medium.|[0036] The trace element solution is selected from Na2MoO4·2H2O(1.68);H3BO3(0.4);ZnSO4·7H2O(1.0);MnSO4·5H2O(1.0);CuSO4·5H2O(7.0);CoCl2·6H2O (1.0) and NiSO4·7H2O (1.0), concentration in mg/L;|[0037] (2) NaNO as electron donor after separate formulation2,Na2S2O3And Na2The concentration of the concentrated solution of S is 80mg/mL respectively;|[0038] (3) selecting several electron donor concentrated solutions obtained in the step (2) according to 4.6g/L of NaNO2,5.0g/L Na2S2O3And 12.5g/L Na2Adding the electron donor concentrated solution obtained in the step (2) into the culture medium obtained in the step (1) according to the dosage of S;|[0039] (4) inoculating carbon-fixing microbial flora which is screened from a plurality of ocean seawater samples and is subjected to half-year domestication culture into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing for 4 days under aerobic conditions, wherein the mixed gas consists of air and carbon dioxide, and the volume ratio of the air to the carbon dioxide is 80: 20. The carbon-fixing microbial flora in the embodiment is specifically as follows: the mixed microbial flora selected from ocean seawater or seawater sediments is screened, and the microbial flora mainly comprises chemoautotrophic microorganisms, sulfur bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and the like.|[0040] Example 2|[0041] (1) Preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms. The formula of the culture medium is as follows (g/L): KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4(1.0);K2HPO4(2.0);MgSO4·7H2O (0.2); NaCl (20) and CaCl2(0.01);(NH4)2SO4(0.038mol/L);FeSO4·7H2O (0.0036mmol/L) was added to the above medium in an amount of 2mL per liter.|[0042] The trace element solution is selected from Na2MoO4·2H2O(1.68);H3BO3(0.4);ZnSO4·7H2O(1.0);MnSO4·5H2O(1.0);CuSO4·5H2O(7.0);CoCl2·6H2O (1.0) and NiSO4·7H2O (1.0), concentrationIn mg/L;|[0043] (2) NaNO as electron donor after separate formulation2,Na2S2O3And Na2The concentration of the concentrated solution of S is 160mg/mL respectively;|[0044] (3) selecting several electron donor concentrated solutions obtained in the step (2) according to 0.01g/L MnSO4·5H2O,5.0g/LNaNO2,5.0g/L Na2S2O3And 12.5g/L Na2S is added to the culture medium obtained in the step (1) to obtain the electron donor concentrated solution obtained in the step (2).|[0045] (4) Inoculating a plurality of carbon-fixing microbial flora screened from seawater samples of China xiamen, China Hainan, China Shanghai, China Qingdao, Australia, Thailand Puji, Japan Sendai, France Calley, Babuya New Guinea, south pole and North pole into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing for 4 days under aerobic conditions, wherein the mixed gas consists of air and carbon dioxide, and the volume ratio of the air to the carbon dioxide is 80: 20.|[0046] The bacterial sieve in this embodiment is selected from a mixed microbial flora of ocean seawater or seawater sediments, the flora mainly comprises chemoautotrophic microorganisms including hydrogen bacteria, sulfur bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.|[0047] Example 3|[0048] (1) Preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms. The formula of the culture medium is as follows (g/L): KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4(1.0);K2HPO4(2.0);MgSO4·7H2O (0.2); NaCl (20) and CaCl2(0.01);NH4Cl(0.019mol/L);FeCl2(0.00144 mmol/L); a further 2mL of trace element solution was added per liter of the above medium. The trace element solution is selected from Na2MoO4·2H2O(1.68);H3BO3(0.4);ZnSO4·7H2O(1.0);MnSO4·5H2O(1.0);CuSO4·5H2O(7.0);CoCl2·6H2O(1.0);andNiSO4·7H2O (1.0), concentration in mg/L.|[0049] (2) NaNO as electron donor after separate formulation2,Na2S2O3And Na2The concentration of the concentrated solution of S is 200 mg/mL;|[0050] (3) selecting several electron donor concentrated solutions obtained in the step (2) according to 5.0g/L of NaNO2Or 2.3g/LNa2S2O3Or 2g/L Na2Adding the electron donor concentrated solution obtained in the step (2) into the culture medium obtained in the step (1) by using the electron donor of any one of S;|[0051] (4) inoculating carbon-fixing microbial flora which is selected from a plurality of ocean seawater samples and is domesticated and cultured for more than half a year into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing for 4 days under aerobic conditions, wherein the aerobic conditions are specifically as follows: the mixed gas consists of air and carbon dioxide, wherein the volume ratio of the air to the carbon dioxide is 80: 20.|[0052] The bacterial sieve in this embodiment is selected from a mixed microbial flora of ocean seawater or seawater sediments, the flora mainly comprises chemoautotrophic microorganisms, and the flora mainly comprises sulfur bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and the like.|[0053] In the examples, in order to study the synergistic effect of the mixed electron donor on the microorganism, a sample cultured for 4 days was taken and the total organic carbon concentration in the culture broth was measured, since the total organic carbon concentration in the initial medium was 0 and the carbon source available to the microorganism during the culture was only CO2The inorganic carbon source, and therefore the total organic carbon content in the culture medium is increased by the CO produced by the microorganisms2Fixing the obtained product. The results of example 1 show that microorganisms cultured with mixed electron donors have their CO fixed within 4 days2The amount reaches 387.51mg/L, and CO is fixed under the same culture conditions of the microorganism cultured without using the mixed electron donor2The efficiency is only 5.94mg/L, and the former is 6424% higher than the latter. Experiments show that microorganisms can fix CO by the method of the invention2The efficiency is greatly increased. In the results of example 2, the best electron donor H was recognized2As a control, different microbial populations from more than ten sea areas, which immobilized CO, were cultured for 4 days with mixed electron donors2Efficiency is using H2380% of the culture. In the results of example 3, NaNO was measured at 5.0g/L2Or 2.3g/L Na2S2O3Or 2g/L Na2The microorganism cultured with the electron donor of any one of S has CO fixed more than that of a microorganism cultured directly without the electron donor of any one of S2The efficiency is doubled. Experiments show that microorganisms can fix CO by the method of the invention2The efficiency is greatly increased.|[0054] In conclusion, the method is simple in process and high in operability, and is effective to microbial floras from more than ten sea areas of the 4 ocean all over the world, which indicates that the method fixes CO to the microbial floras2The synergistic effect of the (B) has universality, and can be effectively used for fixing CO by microorganisms2Thereby realizing the reaction of CO2The resource utilization is realized.|[0055] The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention. | (CN102586138)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0002] The invention relates to a microbial immobilizationDetermine CO2The field relates to a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms.|BACKGROUND ART|[0004] CO2The climate warming caused by the induced "greenhouse effect" is a significant environmental problem currently facing the world. The 4 th evaluation report from IPCC indicates: in the last decade (1995-2004), CO2The rate of increase in equivalent emissions (9.2 million tons of CO per year)2Equivalence) to the emission rate of the previous decade (1970-1994) (4.3 million tons of CO per year)2Equivalent) is much higher. The 'twelve and five planning suggestion draft' in China shows that China will be charged with CO2The emission reduction is at a considerable place. In the Canun meeting held at the end of 2010, China promises to reach 2020, the unit of the total domestic product (GDP) CO2The emission is reduced by 40-45% compared with 2005. With CO2And is the most abundant carbon resource on the earth, and can be converted into resources and energy sources. Thus, CO2The fixation of the zinc oxide has important significance in the aspects of environment, energy and resources. Currently, how to reduce CO is under consideration2On the premise of (1), research on CO2Can effectively reduce free CO in the environment2And can be regenerated into resources, thus having attracted wide interest of all countries in the world.|[0005] CO2The fixation mainly comprises physical method, chemical method and biological method, and most of the physical method and chemical method must be connected with biological method to finally fix CO2. Biological method for fixing CO2Mainly depends on plants and autotrophic microorganisms, and the photosynthesis of the plants is more important and more important in the prior art. However, there are various environments on the earth, and in special environments and places where plants cannot grow (such as drought-barren desert soil and industrial waste gas capture places), the advantage of environmental adaptability possessed by microorganisms is revealed, so that the microorganisms fix CO from the viewpoint of mass flow and energy flow of the whole biosphere2Has great significance.|[0006] It is currently accepted that microorganisms with higher carbon sequestration efficiency are mainly hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria among photosynthetic microorganisms and chemoautotrophic bacteria. Photosynthetic microorganisms such as algae require light during cultivation, and are thermolabile and highly concentrated in CO2The characteristics of (a) limit its practical application. The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria have a wide growth range without illumination, but the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria must provide high-concentration hydrogen as an electron donor in the growth process, so that the common environmental conditions are difficult to meet the growth requirements, and meanwhile, in practical application, the hydrogen supply has serious potential safety hazards. Therefore, the method can be used for exploring the high-efficiency carbon-fixing microorganisms without illumination and hydrogen supply and realizing the carbon fixation of the microorganisms under the common environmental conditions (such as soil environment and CO absorption industrial emission)2In large bioreactors) are of great importance.|[0007] The ocean plays an important role in the global carbon cycle process, and absorbs 2.0Gt (1Gt is 10) every year9t) artificially emitted CO2The research on carbon-fixing microorganisms in the ocean is always the focus of the experts in the related fields all over the world. For this purpose, we have collected water and soil samples from multiple sea areas (including four oceans, tens of countries and regions) around the world, and have obtained multiple series of carbon-fixing microbial flora without illumination and hydrogen supply by separation and screening. However, the carbon sequestration efficiency of these floras is lower than that of photosynthetic microorganisms, and the main reasons for this are that these floras have limited kinds of available energy substances, limited amounts of energy substances, and limited availability of energy substances, and if a mixed electron donor system is used, these problems can be effectively solved, which will contribute to significantly improving the carbon sequestration efficiency and further enhance the potential economic and social benefits of the floras in practical applications.|DISCLOSURE|[0008] Disclosure of Invention|[0009] The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for improving the carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms by using a mixed electron donor under aerobic conditions.|[0010] In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:|[0011] a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthetic microorganisms, comprising the following steps:|[0012] (1) preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms; then adding a trace element solution into the culture medium;|[0013] (2) preparing an electron donor concentrated solution;|[0014] (3) adding the electron donor concentrated solution prepared in the step (2) into the culture solution containing the trace elements prepared in the step (1);|[0015] (4) adding the mixed carbon-fixing strain from the sea into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing under aerobic conditions.|[0016] The culture medium in the step (1) comprises the following components: 0.5-1.0g/L KH2PO4、1.0-2.0g/L K2HPO4、0.1-0.2g/L MgSO4·7H2O、10-30g/L NaCl、0.001-0.01g/L CaCl20.0036mmol-0.036mmol/L ferrous salt and 0.00375-0.0375mol/L NH4+。|[0017] The ferrous salt is selected from FeSO4·7H2O、FeSO4Or FeCl2;|[0018] Said ammonium salt is selected from (NH)4)2SO4Or NH4Cl。|[0019] The trace element solution contains 1.68mg/LNa2MoO4·2H2O、0.4mg/LH3BO3、1.0mg/LZnSO4·7H2O、1.0mg/LMnSO4·5H2O、7.0mg/LCuSO4·5H2O、1.0mg/LCoCl2·6H2O or 1.0mg/LNiSO4·7H2And O or more.|[0020] In the step (1), 2ml of trace element solution is added into each liter of culture solution.|[0021] The electrons in the step (2)The donor is selected from MnSO4·5H2One or more than one of O, nitrite, thiosulfate or sulfide.|[0022] The nitrite is selected from NaNO2Or KNO2;|[0023] The thiosulfate is selected from Na2S2O3Or K2S2O3。|[0024] The sulfide is selected from Na2S or K2S。|[0025] In the step (2), the concentration of each electron donor in the electron donor concentrated solution is 80-200 mg/mL.|[0026] The dosage of the mixed electron donor in the step (3) is 0.01-10g/L MnSO4·5H2O, 1-15g/L nitrite, 1-15g/L thiosulfate or 1-15g/L sulfide.|[0027] The mixed carbon-fixing strain from the sea in the step (4) is selected from obligate/facultative autotrophic microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms, and is selected from mixed microbial flora of sea water or sea water sediments, the microbial flora mainly comprises chemoautotrophic microorganisms, and comprises more than one of iron bacteria, hydrogen bacteria, sulfur bacteria, manganese bacteria or nitrobacteria.|[0028] The aerobic conditions in the step (4) are as follows: the oxygen content in the gas is 5-25%, the carbon dioxide content is more than 0%, the carbon dioxide content is preferably 5-30%, the carbon dioxide content is more preferably 20%, and the culture time is 4-8 days.|[0029] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0030] mixing MnSO4·5H2O、NaNO2、KNO2、Na2S2O3Or Na2More than one of S is made into a mixed electron donor system, so that the carbon fixation efficiency of the non-photosynthetic carbon fixation microorganisms can be effectively promoted; experiments show that the carbon fixing efficiency of the non-photosynthetic carbon fixing microorganism cultured by using the mixed electron donor is that the single electron donor is used for culturingSeveral times higher than that of NaNO, e.g. with NaNO2,Na2S2O3And Na2The effect of the S-composed mixed electron donor system is that MnSO is not added4·5H2O、NaNO2、KNO2、K2S2O3、Na2S2O3、K2S or Na26424% of the effect of either S, indicating that the mixed electron donor can effectively enhance the carbon sequestration efficiency of microorganisms, thereby achieving CO sequestration2The resource utilization is realized. The invention also has the advantages of simple process, strong operability and certain economic benefit.|INVENTION MODE|[0031] Detailed Description|[0032] The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.|[0033] Example 1|[0034] (1) Preparing culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms|[0035] The formula of the culture medium is as follows (g/L): KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4(1.0);K2HPO4(2.0);MgSO4·7H2O (0.2); NaCl (20) and CaCl2(0.01);(NH4)2SO4(0.038mol/L);FeSO4·7H2O (0.0036 mmol/L); a further 2mL of trace element solution was added per liter of the above medium.|[0036] The trace element solution is selected from Na2MoO4·2H2O(1.68);H3BO3(0.4);ZnSO4·7H2O(1.0);MnSO4·5H2O(1.0);CuSO4·5H2O(7.0);CoCl2·6H2O (1.0) and NiSO4·7H2O (1.0), concentration in mg/L;|[0037] (2) NaNO as electron donor after separate formulation2,Na2S2O3And Na2The concentration of the concentrated solution of S is 80mg/mL respectively;|[0038] (3) selecting several electron donor concentrated solutions obtained in the step (2) according to 4.6g/L of NaNO2,5.0g/L Na2S2O3And 12.5g/L Na2Adding the electron donor concentrated solution obtained in the step (2) into the culture medium obtained in the step (1) according to the dosage of S;|[0039] (4) inoculating carbon-fixing microbial flora which is screened from a plurality of ocean seawater samples and is subjected to half-year domestication culture into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing for 4 days under aerobic conditions, wherein the mixed gas consists of air and carbon dioxide, and the volume ratio of the air to the carbon dioxide is 80: 20. The carbon-fixing microbial flora in the embodiment is specifically as follows: the mixed microbial flora selected from ocean seawater or seawater sediments is screened, and the microbial flora mainly comprises chemoautotrophic microorganisms, sulfur bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and the like.|[0040] Example 2|[0041] (1) Preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms. The formula of the culture medium is as follows (g/L): KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4(1.0);K2HPO4(2.0);MgSO4·7H2O (0.2); NaCl (20) and CaCl2(0.01);(NH4)2SO4(0.038mol/L);FeSO4·7H2O (0.0036mmol/L) was added to the above medium in an amount of 2mL per liter.|[0042] The trace element solution is selected from Na2MoO4·2H2O(1.68);H3BO3(0.4);ZnSO4·7H2O(1.0);MnSO4·5H2O(1.0);CuSO4·5H2O(7.0);CoCl2·6H2O (1.0) and NiSO4·7H2O (1.0), concentrationIn mg/L;|[0043] (2) NaNO as electron donor after separate formulation2,Na2S2O3And Na2The concentration of the concentrated solution of S is 160mg/mL respectively;|[0044] (3) selecting several electron donor concentrated solutions obtained in the step (2) according to 0.01g/L MnSO4·5H2O,5.0g/LNaNO2,5.0g/L Na2S2O3And 12.5g/L Na2S is added to the culture medium obtained in the step (1) to obtain the electron donor concentrated solution obtained in the step (2).|[0045] (4) Inoculating a plurality of carbon-fixing microbial flora screened from seawater samples of China xiamen, China Hainan, China Shanghai, China Qingdao, Australia, Thailand Puji, Japan Sendai, France Calley, Babuya New Guinea, south pole and North pole into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing for 4 days under aerobic conditions, wherein the mixed gas consists of air and carbon dioxide, and the volume ratio of the air to the carbon dioxide is 80: 20.|[0046] The bacterial sieve in this embodiment is selected from a mixed microbial flora of ocean seawater or seawater sediments, the flora mainly comprises chemoautotrophic microorganisms including hydrogen bacteria, sulfur bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.|[0047] Example 3|[0048] (1) Preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms. The formula of the culture medium is as follows (g/L): KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4(1.0);K2HPO4(2.0);MgSO4·7H2O (0.2); NaCl (20) and CaCl2(0.01);NH4Cl(0.019mol/L);FeCl2(0.00144 mmol/L); a further 2mL of trace element solution was added per liter of the above medium. The trace element solution is selected from Na2MoO4·2H2O(1.68);H3BO3(0.4);ZnSO4·7H2O(1.0);MnSO4·5H2O(1.0);CuSO4·5H2O(7.0);CoCl2·6H2O(1.0);andNiSO4·7H2O (1.0), concentration in mg/L.|[0049] (2) NaNO as electron donor after separate formulation2,Na2S2O3And Na2The concentration of the concentrated solution of S is 200 mg/mL;|[0050] (3) selecting several electron donor concentrated solutions obtained in the step (2) according to 5.0g/L of NaNO2Or 2.3g/LNa2S2O3Or 2g/L Na2Adding the electron donor concentrated solution obtained in the step (2) into the culture medium obtained in the step (1) by using the electron donor of any one of S;|[0051] (4) inoculating carbon-fixing microbial flora which is selected from a plurality of ocean seawater samples and is domesticated and cultured for more than half a year into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing for 4 days under aerobic conditions, wherein the aerobic conditions are specifically as follows: the mixed gas consists of air and carbon dioxide, wherein the volume ratio of the air to the carbon dioxide is 80: 20.|[0052] The bacterial sieve in this embodiment is selected from a mixed microbial flora of ocean seawater or seawater sediments, the flora mainly comprises chemoautotrophic microorganisms, and the flora mainly comprises sulfur bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and the like.|[0053] In the examples, in order to study the synergistic effect of the mixed electron donor on the microorganism, a sample cultured for 4 days was taken and the total organic carbon concentration in the culture broth was measured, since the total organic carbon concentration in the initial medium was 0 and the carbon source available to the microorganism during the culture was only CO2The inorganic carbon source, and therefore the total organic carbon content in the culture medium is increased by the CO produced by the microorganisms2Fixing the obtained product. The results of example 1 show that microorganisms cultured with mixed electron donors have their CO fixed within 4 days2The amount reaches 387.51mg/L, and CO is fixed under the same culture conditions of the microorganism cultured without using the mixed electron donor2The efficiency is only 5.94mg/L, and the former is 6424% higher than the latter. Experiments show that microorganisms can fix CO by the method of the invention2The efficiency is greatly increased. In the results of example 2, the best electron donor H was recognized2As a control, different microbial populations from more than ten sea areas, which immobilized CO, were cultured for 4 days with mixed electron donors2Efficiency is using H2380% of the culture. In the results of example 3, NaNO was measured at 5.0g/L2Or 2.3g/L Na2S2O3Or 2g/L Na2The microorganism cultured with the electron donor of any one of S has CO fixed more than that of a microorganism cultured directly without the electron donor of any one of S2The efficiency is doubled. Experiments show that microorganisms can fix CO by the method of the invention2The efficiency is greatly increased.|[0054] In conclusion, the method is simple in process and high in operability, and is effective to microbial floras from more than ten sea areas of the 4 ocean all over the world, which indicates that the method fixes CO to the microbial floras2The synergistic effect of the (B) has universality, and can be effectively used for fixing CO by microorganisms2Thereby realizing the reaction of CO2The resource utilization is realized.|[0055] The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention. | Family Number|(7802646)|7802646|Abstract|(CN102586138 A)|The invention relates to the field of CO2 sequestration of microorganism , in particular relates to a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non - photosynthesizing microorganism . The method comprises the following steps of : ( 1 ) preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms , and adding a trace element solution to the culture medium ; ( 2 ) preparing an electron donor concentrated solution ; ( 3 ) adding the electron donor concentrated solution prepared in the step ( 2 ) into the culture solution containing trace element prepared in the step ( 1 ) ; and ( 4 ) adding mixed carbon sequestration strain from the ocean into the culture medium obtained in the step ( 3 ) , and culturing in an aerobic condition . The method provided by the invention also has the advantages of simple technology and strong operability , and brings certain economic benefits . |Title|(CN102586138 A)|Method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non - photosynthesizing microorganism by using mixed electron donor | | Biotechnology | C12N-001/20 | C12N-001/20 | 武满满等: "混合电子供体对好氧非光合微生物菌群固碳效率影响的析因实验分析", 《环境科学学报》 (Cat. X)|胡佳俊等: "非光合CO2同化微生物菌群的选育/优化及其群落结构分析", 《环境科学》 (Cat. X)|JIA-JUN HU,ET AL: "Optimization of electron donors to improve CO2 fixation efficiency by a non-photosynthetic microbial community under aerobic condition using statistical experimental design", 《BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY》 (Cat. X)|JIA-JUN HU,ET AL: "Enhanced CO2 fixation by a non-photosynthetic microbial community under anaerobic conditions: Optimization of electron donors", 《BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY》 (Cat. A) | LAPSED | (CN102586138)|LAPSED | DEAD | (CN102586138)|DEAD | (CN102586138)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN102586138|Actual or expected expiration date=2013-10-30|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2012-01-16|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN201210012832|Application date=2012-01-16|Standardized application number=2012CN-0012832|Event publication date=2012-07-18|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN102586138|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2012-07-18|Standardized publication number=CN102586138|Event publication date=2012-07-18|Event code=CN/C06|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2012-09-19|Event code=CN/C10|Event group=Examination events|Request of examination as to substance|Event publication date=2013-10-30|Event code=CN/C02|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=tO7C931onjnxEKHOHU6eGlfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=NI4rD6%252F8RtmMGj3XYPniNpNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN102586138)|NAME=WU LINSONG;SHANGHAI ZHI XIN PATENT AGENT LTD. | (CN102586138)|NAME=HU JIAJUN|NAME=WANG LEI|NAME=ZHANG SHIPING|NAME=XI XUEFEI|NAME=DAN YINA|NAME=HU YU|NAME=ZHANG YANNAN | Titre: (CN102586138)|Method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthesizing microorganism by using mixed electron donor Résumé: (CN102586138)|The invention relates to the field of CO2 sequestration of microorganism, in particular relates to a method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of non-photosynthesizing microorganism. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing a culture medium for culturing autotrophic microorganisms, and adding a trace element solution to the culture medium; (2) preparing an electron donor concentrated solution; (3) adding the electron donor concentrated solution prepared in the step (2) into the culture solution containing trace element prepared in the step (1); and (4) adding mixed carbon sequestration strain from the ocean into the culture medium obtained in the step (3), and culturing in an aerobic condition. The method provided by the invention also has the advantages of simple technology and strong operability, and brings certain economic benefits. | 54.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon sequestration using non-photosynthesizing microorganisms and does not mention ocean fertilization or the stimulation of phytoplankton. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN102586138)|1 | (CN102586138)|9 | (CN102586138)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN102586138)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2012-07-18|Gazette number: GAZNUM=28-29|Number of Pages: NPAGES=6| | (CN102586138)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN102586138)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 63 | US61/183,447P|US61/183,447|US61/263,340P|US61/263,340|US13/375,220|US13/375,220|WOUS2010/037037|US14/145,676 | WOUS2010/037037|US14/145,676|HK13103485|BRPI1013200|US13/375,220|CN201080031074|EP10783992|AU2010256745 | BRPI1013200|US20140113331|US8628948|HK1176376|CN102803464|BRPI1013200|US20120202274|EP2438150|AU2010256745|WO2010/141559|WO2010/141559 | 1866967 | WO2010/141559 A3 2011-04-21 [WO2010141559]|WO2010/141559 A2 2010-12-09 [WO2010141559]|US20140113331 A1 2014-04-24 [US20140113331]|HK1176376 A 2013-07-26 [HK1176376]|BRPI1013200 A2 2019-07-16 [BR201013200]|BRPI1013200 A0 2012-11-27 [BR201013200]|US8628948 B2 2014-01-14 [US8628948]|US20120202274 A1 2012-08-09 [US20120202274]|CN102803464 A 2012-11-28 [CN102803464]|EP2438150 A2 2012-04-11 [EP2438150]|AU2010256745 A1 2012-01-19 [AU2010256745] | 2009-06-02|2009-11-20|2010-06-02|2012-02-16|2013-12-31 | 2010-06-02|2013-12-31|2013-03-20|2010-06-02|2010-06-02|2010-06-02|2010-06-02|2010-06-02 | 2019-07-16|2014-04-24|2014-01-14|2013-07-26|2012-11-28|2012-11-27|2012-08-09|2012-04-11|2012-01-19|2011-04-21|2010-12-09 | |(US8628948)|2014-01-14|||||| | (EP2438150)|2016-01-05|(US8628948)|2018-02-12|(US20140113331)|2016-04-18|(WO2010/141559)|2012-12-02|(CN102803464)|2014-10-08|(BRPI1013200)|2019-07-23|(HK1176376)|2018-07-26|(AU2010256745)|2016-01-07 | (EP2438150)|Systems and methods for cultivating, harvesting and processing biomass | (EP2438150)|Combining controlled open-ocean iron enrichment with a system for collecting the ensuing biological growth can lead to a fundamental shift towards using marine biomass feedstock for large-scale global biodiesel production. The literature review reveals that open-ocean enrichment effectively reduces both the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity. A semi-closed ocean system is provided that allows for the efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high tonnage biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization. The concept methodically capitalizes on the ocean's free nutrients, kinetic/potential energy, and expansive surface area to ensure that the mass, energy, and cost balance equations favor our system while taking care to preserve the ocean's ecosystem. The system is modular, portable, easily scalable system, and minimizes waste. In addition to the above benefits, our concept allows continued adherence to the NEPA and London Protocol by culling the biomass produced by fixing carbon dioxide and limiting iron exposure to the vessel's interior. | COASTAL WATERS BIOTECHNOLOGY | (EP2438150)|Coastal Waters Biotechnology Group, LLC ([US])|(US8628948)|Coastal Waters Biotechnology Group LLC ([US])|(US20120202274)|YANCEY, JR. DENNIS DWAYNE|(US20140113331)|Coastal Waters Biotechnology Group, LLC ([US])|(WO2010/141559)|COASTAL WATERS BIOTECHNOLOGY GROUP, LLC ([US])|(WO2010/141559)|COASTAL WATERS BIOTECHNOLOGY GROUP, LLC ([US])|(CN102803464)|COASTAL WATERS BIOTECHNOLOGY GROUP, LLC ([US])|(BRPI1013200)|Coastal Waters Biotechnology Group, LLC||(HK1176376)|COASTAL WATERS BIOTECHNOLOGY GROUP LLC ([US])|(AU2010256745)|Coastal Waters Biotechnology Group, LLC | YANCEY JR DENNIS DWAYNE | (EP2438150)|YANCEY Jr., Dennis, Dwayne | (EP2438150)|Gallagher, Kirk James;D Young & Co LLP ([GB])|Reg. Nb: 100049136|(US8628948)|Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati|(WO2010/141559)|KIM, Elaine, A. et al. ([US])|(CN102803464)|CHEN WENPING;KING & WOOD MALLESONS|Reg. Nb: 11256|XU ZHIMING;KING & WOOD MALLESONS|Reg. Nb: 11256|(HK1176376)|KING & WOOD MALLESONS ([HK])|(AU2010256745)|Pizzeys ([AU]) | (US8628948)|Increased circulation can allow for better mixing of nutrients and allow for desired or selected exposure of the microalgae to sunlight.|The systems described herein have a number of advantages.|This can be useful to military installations that are dispersed throughout the world, but have access to aqueous environments.|- There are limited quantities of tallow, waste vegetable oil (WVO), and soybeans|The main issues with using terrestrial plant and animal fatty acids are: - These feedstocks are expensive and account for as much as 80% of the fuel's cost.| | (US8628948)|1. A vessel comprising: a semi-permeable exterior wall, wherein the semi-permeable exterior wall selectively retains a microorganism over water-soluble nutrients; a baffle for directing flow within the vessel in a recirculating pattern when fluid is passed through the vessel; and a self-orienting mechanism capable of orienting the direction of the vessel with respect to the direction of a current flow when the vessel is positioned in a current.|5. A vessel comprising: a buoyant top; a buoyancy-controlled base; and a semi-permeable mesh material connecting the buoyant top to the buoyancy-controlled base, wherein the semi-permeable mesh material selectively retains a microorganism over water-soluble nutrients.| | (US8628948)|The invention also provides for designs that can be utilized to streamline the vessel's functionality and operation by increasing circulation and/or mixing within a vessel, as shown in FIG. 5.|The invention provides for various designs, methods, and systems that allow for the goals set forth herein for the growth of one or more microbial organism and the various beneficial effects of the growth, including the production of a renewable fuel, remediation, and production of proteins. The invention provides for design features that will improve the specific growth rates, product density/specificity, and prevent trace metals from being diluted by ocean or open-water currents.|The invention provides systems and methods for cultivating, harvesting, and processing biomass.| | (EP2438150)|BIOMASS(100,1)||(US8628948)|VESSEL(100,193)|PROCESSING BIOMASS(100,3)|TONNAGE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(100,1)|MICROALGAE EXPOSURE(71,1)|MICROORGANISM(67,12)|MARINE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(58,1)|FIXING METHANEDIONE(54,1)|OCEAN ACIDITY(54,1)|SIEVED GATE(51,2)|SEMI PERMEABLE EXTERIOR WALL(49,7)|RECIRCULATING PATTERN(47,6)|VESSEL FUNCTIONALITY(43,2)|ADHESION CONTINUATION(41,1)|OCEAN FREE NUTRIENT(41,1)|WATER SOLUBLE NUTRIENT(40,9)|ENSUING BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(40,1)|FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT(38,1)|MICROBIAL ORGANISM(38,1)|BUOYANT TOP(37,5)|AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT(35,1)|REMEDIATION(35,1)|INDUCING GROWTH(34,1)|FUEL COST(32,1)|ANIMAL FATTY ACID(31,1)|BALANCE EQUATION FAVOR(31,1)|LIMITING IRON EXPOSURE(31,1)|OPEN OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT(31,1)|CONTINUAL REPLENISHMENT(30,1)|INCREASED CIRCULATION(30,1)|SOYBEAN(30,1)|SUNLIGHT(30,1)|PHOSPHOROUS MICRONUTRIENT BIOREMEDIATION(28,2)|MILITARY INSTALLATION(28,1)|TALLOW(28,1)|SEMI PERMEABLE MESH MATERIAL(27,5)|BAFFLE(26,6)|FEEDSTOCK(25,6)|OPEN OCEAN ENRICHMENT(25,1)|SEMI CLOSED OCEAN(25,1)|TERRESTRIAL PLANT(24,2)|CIRCULATION(23,7)|SELF ORIENTING(23,3)|DIRECTING FLOW(22,2)|VESSEL INTERIOR(22,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE PARTIAL PRESSURE(22,1)|NEPA(21,2)|COASTAL ESTUARY BIOREMEDIATION(21,1)|SEA(20,13)|MICROALGAE RECIRCULATING OYSTER(20,1)|REMEDIATE COASTAL ESTUARY(20,1)|TERRESTRIAL MICROALGAE AQUACULTURE(20,1)|WASTE VEGETABLE OIL(20,1)|PRODUCT DENSITY SPECIFICITY(19,2)|PROCESSING PLATFORM(18,19)|RENEWABLE FUEL(18,11)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(18,1)|MESH MATERIAL(17,15)|BIODIESEL ACCIDENTAL SPILL(17,1)|DESIRED EXPOSURE(17,1)|TERRESTRIAL FEEDSTOCK CULTIVATION(17,1)|KINETIC ENERGY(16,6)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(16,3)|VESSEL WIDTH(16,2)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(15,6)|NUTRIENT DEPLETION(15,3)|INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM METHANEDIONE(15,1)|ABSORBING NUTRIENT(14,3)|SEAWATER STOCK(14,3)|DESIGN FEATURE(14,2)|FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN(14,1)|MICROALGAE HYDROTREATING(14,1)|OCEAN HABITAT HEALTH(14,1)|BLADDER(12,8)|AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT(12,3)|PROTEIN PURIFICATION(12,3)|RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON FUEL(12,3)|NUTRIENT CONVERSION(12,2)|PETRI DISH(12,2)|ISOLATED MICROALGAE COLONY(12,1)|MARINE MICROALGAE GROWTH(12,1)|MICROALGAE BIOPROCESSING(12,1)|SEA LIVING RESOURCE(12,1)|WET MICROALGAE BIOMASS(12,1)|IRON OXIDE(11,3)|MESH NETTING(11,2)|SEED CULTURE(11,2)|ANTARTIC ZOOPLANKTON(11,1)|BIODIESEL BLUEPRINT(11,1)|BUOYANCY CONTROLLED BASE(11,1)|DOMESTIC RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON EQUIVALENT(11,1)|HARVESTED MICROALGAE(11,1)|INDUCING MICROALGAE GROWTH(11,1)|INDUCING PLANKTON GROWTH(11,1)|ISOLATED DIATOM COLONY(11,1)|LAND ALGAE EFFORT(11,1)|MARINE SCIENCE INDIAN JOURNAL(11,1)|MASSIVE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(11,1)|METHANEDIONE BIOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(11,1)|METHANEDIONE BUBBLING(11,1)|MICROALGAE CONTAINMENT(11,1)|MICROALGAE CULTIVATION(11,1)|MICROALGAE FEEDSTOCK(11,1)|MICROALGAE GROWTH ACCELERATION(11,1)|MICROALGAE PHYSIOLOGY(11,1)|MICROALGAE PRODUCTIVITY(11,1)|NUTRIENT REPLENISHMENT(11,1)|PETRO DIESEL(11,1)|PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC ORGANISM(11,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY(11,1)|POLICY HURDLE(11,1)|POTENTIAL ENERGY(11,1)|PREVAILING ORGANISM GROWTH(11,1)|REMEDIATION ENDEAVOR(11,1)|SPARGE METHANEDIONE(11,1)|STERILIZED LOCAL SEAWATER(11,1)|TRIGLYCERIDES TRANSESTERIFICATION(11,1)|WOVEN HYDROPHILIC FABRIC(11,1)|PORE SIZE(10,13)|FATTY ACID(10,4)|FILTRATION MEMBRANE(10,2)|INCOMING MESH(10,2)|ALGAL CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN(10,1)|BIODIESELTAX CREDIT(10,1)|BIOMASS LIPID(10,1)|BLOW METHANEDIONE(10,1)|COLLAPSIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC CORE(10,1)|CONVECTION REGIME(10,1)|CULTIVATING BIOMASS(10,1)|CULTIVATION NUTRIENT(10,1)|DEWATERING CENTRIFUGE(10,1)|FIBERGLASS FABRIC EXTERIOR(10,1)|FRESHWATER POND(10,1)|HARVEST MICROORGANISM(10,1)|HAZARDOUS ALGAE BLOOM(10,1)|HYDROPHILIC MICRONUTRIENT(10,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE(10,1)|MICROALGAE LIPID(10,1)|MICROALGAE METABOLIC PATHWAY(10,1)|MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY(10,1)|PERMEABLE MESH MEMBRANE(10,1)|PLANKTON OBSERVATION(10,1)|QUICKLY DEPLETED NUTRIENT(10,1)|STEADY FEEDSTOCK(10,1)|SUBARCTIC NORTH(10,1)|SYMBIOTIC ORGANISM(10,1)|TRANSIT ARTERY(10,1)|UNPROCESSED MARINE BIOMASS(10,1)|VESSEL DIRECTIONALITY(10,1)|ZOO PLANKTON(10,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(9,5)|IVF INTERIOR(9,2)|SEMI PERMEABLE MESHING(9,2)|BLOCKING POSITION(8,6)|TRIBUTARY(8,4)|COLLAPSIBLE MAGNETIC COIL(8,3)|CARBON NUTRIENT(8,2)|COALE PAPER(8,2)|ORGANISM SELECTION(8,2)|SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE(8,2)|SIEVE GATE(8,2)|AMPERE LAW(8,1)|BEACON LOCATION(8,1)|BIODIESEL FUEL(8,1)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION SCALING(8,1)|CARBOHYDRATE RECOVERY(8,1)|DELAYED COKING OBJECTIVE(8,1)|DIATOM EXPONENTIAL GROWTH(8,1)|DIATOM STRAIN(8,1)|DISSOLVED CARBONATE FIXATION(8,1)|EMPLOYE SAFETY(8,1)|ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT(8,1)|FINAL VESSEL PLANKTON(8,1)|FOSSIL FUEL REFINING(8,1)|GOODS TRANSPORTATION(8,1)|HYDROTREATING OIL EXTRACT(8,1)|IMPENDING FOSSIL FUEL(8,1)|INACTIVE OFFSHORE PLATFORM(8,1)|INDIAN OCEAN SECTOR(8,1)|INNOVATIVE IDEA(8,1)|LEASING LAND COST(8,1)|MEDICINAL PROTEIN(8,1)|METHANEDIONE STREAM(8,1)|MICROALGAE INDUCTION(8,1)|NUTRITIONAL PROTEIN(8,1)|OCEAN FARM(8,1)|OFFSHORE DRILLING PLATFORM(8,1)|PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON(8,1)|PURCHASER REQUIREMENT(8,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL FEEDSTOCK(8,1)|RENT MORTGAGE REQUIREMENT(8,1)|SILICATE SEAWATER(8,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON RESPONSE(8,1)|SOUTHERN SEA(8,1)|STEADY PETROLEUM(8,1)|TWILL WEAVE FIBERGLASS MESH(8,1)|VESSEL CIRCULATING RECIRCULATING(8,1)|VESSEL PERCOLATE(8,1)|WASTE MATERIAL CONSTANT DILUTION(8,1)|WEBSITE HTTP(8,1)|WIDELY ABUNDANT IRON(8,1)|VESSEL ORIENTATION(7,5)|BIOFUEL(7,3)|CENTURY(7,3)|BIOMASS PROCESSING(7,2)|SCIENTIST(7,2)|VENTURI EFFECT(7,2)|WASTEWATER(7,2)|ALGA GROWTH POTENTIAL(7,1)|AMERICAN PEOPLE(7,1)|ANALYSIS BIODIESEL(7,1)|CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN EXTRACT(7,1)|COASTAL DEAD ZONE(7,1)|COKE DRUM(7,1)|COMPATIBLE SUBSTITUTE(7,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(7,1)|DRIED BIOMASS(7,1)|EARTH CRUDE OIL RESERVE(7,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC INTENSITY(7,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC VESSEL(7,1)|EXPOSED ELECTROMAGNETIC SOLENOID(7,1)|EXTRACELLULAR FACTOR(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC FERROUS SULFATE(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLE(7,1)|FINAL MICROALGAE(7,1)|FOSSIL FUEL DIESEL(7,1)|FUEL SPECIALIZATION(7,1)|IRON CONTAINMENT(7,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT(7,1)|MAGNETIC IRON RETENTION(7,1)|MAXIMIZING GROWTH(7,1)|METHANEDIONE PUMP(7,1)|MICROALGAE OIL(7,1)|NOX EMISSION(7,1)|NUTRIENT LIMITATION(7,1)|NUTRIENT PARAMETER(7,1)|NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT(7,1)|OCEAN BENEFIT(7,1)|OILY SUBSTANCE(7,1)|OPEN WATER CURRENT(7,1)|PARAMETER MODIFICATION(7,1)|PETROLEUM DISTILLATE CONSUMPTION(7,1)|POLYETHYLENE NETTING(7,1)|POSITIVE REPUTATION(7,1)|PROTEIN CONCENTRATION(7,1)|QUANTITATIVE IMPACT(7,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL RESEARCH(7,1)|RIGID REINFORCING BEAM(7,1)|ROBUST INEXPENSIVE EQUIVALENT(7,1)|SCALABLE SYSTEM(7,1)|SCALING CALCULATION(7,1)|SCALING LIMITATION(7,1)|SEMI CLOSED PLANKTON CULTIVATION(7,1)|SIMULTANEOUS ENCLOSURE(7,1)|SOIL REQUIREMENT(7,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON(7,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER MEASUREMENT(7,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER READING(7,1)|STOCK LOCAL SEAWATER SOLUTION(7,1)|UTILIZATION PROFILE(7,1)|VESSEL AUTOMATION(7,1)|VIABLE OPTION(7,1)|WOVEN POLYETHYLENE(7,1)|WOVEN POLYPROPYLENE(7,1)|ZINC ENRICHMENT(7,1)|INTERIOR REGION(6,5)|BASE MOBILITY(6,2)|CIRCULATION RATE(6,2)|COKE PRODUCTION(6,2)|FIBERGLASS COMPOSITE TOP(6,2)|FINAL CULTURE DENSITY(6,2)|FLUID COMMUNICATION(6,2)|FULL VESSEL REQUIREMENT(6,2)|GASEOUS PRODUCT(6,2)|HOLLOW CAP(6,2)|HUMAN ANIMAL CONSUMPTION(6,2)|INFRASTRUCTURE(6,2)|INSIGHT(6,2)|LIFESTYLE(6,2)|LIMNOLOGY(6,2)|MARINE ALGA(6,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(6,2)|OCEANOGRAPHY(6,2)|POLYMERIZATION(6,2)|SHAKER(6,2)|SHORELINE(6,2)|SILICATE PLATE(6,2)|VESSEL SEMI PERMEABLE WALL(6,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION VESSEL(5,7)|ORGANIZATION PRODUCTIVITY(5,4)|SODIUM BICARBONATE(5,4)|HOSE(5,3)|OPEN POSITION(5,3)|BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER(5,2)|MOBILE(5,2)|ORGANISM EXPOSURE(5,2)|STORM(5,2)|ACCORDION FEATURE(5,1)|AFFINITY COLUMN(5,1)|BIO DIESEL PERFORMANCE(5,1)|BIOMASS DENSITY(5,1)|BIOREACTOR VOLUME REDUCTION(5,1)|BUOYANT SUPPORT(5,1)|CENTRAL EQUATORIAL(5,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(5,1)|COASTAL ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|COKING DRUM BOTTOM(5,1)|COMPOSITION PROFILE(5,1)|CONSTANT MICROALGAE DENSITY(5,1)|CULTURE GROWTH(5,1)|CULTURE PH(5,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH(5,1)|DEPICTION(5,1)|DISPOSAL COST(5,1)|EFFICIENCY CONCERN(5,1)|EXPANSIVE SURFACE AREA(5,1)|EXTERIOR VESSEL(5,1)|FEED STOCK(5,1)|FIBER BLEND(5,1)|FLUID FLOW(5,1)|GAS VENT(5,1)|GRAM IRON(5,1)|GROWTH EXPERIMENT(5,1)|GROWTH PARAMETER(5,1)|HARD CAPITAL(5,1)|HARTSHORN(5,1)|HARVESTING PHASE(5,1)|HAZARDOUS WASTE STREAM(5,1)|HR INTERVAL(5,1)|HYDOPHOBICITY HYDROPHILICITY(5,1)|HYDROPHILIC POLYMER(5,1)|HYDROPHOBICITY(5,1)|IMPORTED DIESEL FUEL PRODUCT(5,1)|IRON INTRODUCTION(5,1)|LIFE FORM COOLING(5,1)|LITTLE INITIAL CAPITAL(5,1)|M HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE(5,1)|MAJOR NUTRIENT(5,1)|MASS MARINE BIOMASS(5,1)|MAXIMIZE PLANKTON SPECIFIC GROWTH(5,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS(5,1)|MICROALGAE PLANKTON(5,1)|MICROORGANISM LOSS(5,1)|MODULAR COMPOSITE COMPONENT(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING CYANOBACTERIA(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(5,1)|NUTRIENT UPTAKE RATE(5,1)|OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE(5,1)|ORGANISM DENSITY(5,1)|ORGANISM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(5,1)|PETROLEUM FUEL CONSUMPTION(5,1)|PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE RATE(5,1)|PLANKTON DENSITY(5,1)|POLYVINYL ACETATE(5,1)|POROUS CYLINDRICAL WALL SELECTIVITY(5,1)|PROTEIN SEPARATION(5,1)|RAMIFICATION(5,1)|RECYCLING GREENHOUSE GAS(5,1)|REINFORCEMENT(5,1)|RENEWABLE DIESEL PRODUCTION(5,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL CONVERSION(5,1)|SAFETY CONCERN(5,1)|SAFETY ISSUE(5,1)|SCALE RENEWABLE DIESEL(5,1)|SPECIALIZED SKILL(5,1)|START FEEDING(5,1)|SUN DRYING(5,1)|TELESCOPING FEATURE(5,1)|TOTAL MICROALGAE(5,1)|UNFILTERED LOCAL MARINE WATER(5,1)|VANE FEATURE(5,1)|VESSEL CULTIVATION VOLUME DEPTH(5,1)|VESSEL STATUS(5,1)|WORLD COASTAL REGION(5,1)|BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(4,3)|ORGANIC ACID RESIDUE(4,3)|SEMIPERMEABLE WALL(4,3)|ACCUMULATION RATE(4,1)|ADDED HYDROGEN(4,1)|AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|ARCTIC POLAR FRONT ZONE(4,1)|ASH FERTILIZER PRODUCT(4,1)|BASELINE(4,1)|BENCH(4,1)|BIOCHEMICAL(4,1)|BIODIESEL PRODUCT WEIGHT(4,1)|CAPITAL INVESTMENT(4,1)|CENTRALLY LOCATED ELECTROMAGNET(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL(4,1)|CHROMATOGRAPHY COMPONENT(4,1)|CIRCUMFERENTIAL WALL(4,1)|CLEANUP(4,1)|COKER BOTTOM(4,1)|COMPOUND LIMITATION(4,1)|CONCENTRATION LEVEL DIATOM(4,1)|CONSTANT AGITATION(4,1)|DECLINE(4,1)|DEFICIENT NUTRIENT FEED POINT(4,1)|DEHYDRATE(4,1)|DEPLETION RATE(4,1)|DISTILLATION TOWER(4,1)|DIVERSITY(4,1)|DOMESTIC ECONOMY(4,1)|DYNAMICS(4,1)|EFFLUENT(4,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC CORE DESIGN(4,1)|ENCAPSULATION(4,1)|ENERGY CONTENT(4,1)|ENERGY INFORMATION(4,1)|ENGINEERED PROTEIN(4,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(4,1)||(US20120202274)|VESSEL(100,193)|BIOMASS(100,19)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION(100,9)|TONNAGE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(100,1)|AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT(97,7)|MICROORGANISM(87,12)|HARVESTED MICROORGANISM(76,2)|HARVEST MICROORGANISM(75,2)|MICROALGAE EXPOSURE(71,1)|MARINE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(58,1)|SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE(57,5)|FIXING METHANEDIONE(54,1)|OCEAN ACIDITY(54,1)|SIEVED GATE(51,2)|SEMI PERMEABLE EXTERIOR WALL(49,7)|MICROORGANISM DIFFUSION(48,1)|VESSEL FUNCTIONALITY(43,2)|ADHESION CONTINUATION(41,1)|OCEAN FREE NUTRIENT(41,1)|ENSUING BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(40,1)|INTERIOR REGION(39,8)|FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT(38,1)|MICROBIAL ORGANISM(38,1)|BUOYANT TOP(37,5)|RECIRCULATING PATTERN(37,5)|PROCESSING PLATFORM(36,22)|AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT(35,1)|REMEDIATION(35,1)|FUEL COST(32,1)|WATER SOLUBLE NUTRIENT(31,7)|ANIMAL FATTY ACID(31,1)|BALANCE EQUATION FAVOR(31,1)|LIMITING IRON EXPOSURE(31,1)|OPEN OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT(31,1)|PROCESSING BIOMASS(30,2)|INCREASED CIRCULATION(30,1)|SOYBEAN(30,1)|SUNLIGHT(30,1)|PHOSPHOROUS MICRONUTRIENT BIOREMEDIATION(28,2)|MILITARY INSTALLATION(28,1)|TALLOW(28,1)|SEMI PERMEABLE MESH MATERIAL(27,5)|FLUID COMMUNICATION(26,3)|RETAINING IRON COMPOUND(26,2)|FEEDSTOCK(25,6)|OPEN OCEAN ENRICHMENT(25,1)|SEMI CLOSED OCEAN(25,1)|TERRESTRIAL PLANT(24,2)|CIRCULATION(23,7)|DIRECTING FLOW(22,2)|VESSEL INTERIOR(22,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE PARTIAL PRESSURE(22,1)|BAFFLE(21,5)|NEPA(21,2)|COASTAL ESTUARY BIOREMEDIATION(21,1)|SEA(20,13)|MICROALGAE RECIRCULATING OYSTER(20,1)|REMEDIATE COASTAL ESTUARY(20,1)|TERRESTRIAL MICROALGAE AQUACULTURE(20,1)|WASTE VEGETABLE OIL(20,1)|PRODUCT DENSITY SPECIFICITY(19,2)|RENEWABLE FUEL(18,11)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(18,1)|MESH MATERIAL(17,15)|BIODIESEL ACCIDENTAL SPILL(17,1)|DESIRED EXPOSURE(17,1)|TERRESTRIAL FEEDSTOCK CULTIVATION(17,1)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(16,3)|VESSEL WIDTH(16,2)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(15,6)|NUTRIENT DEPLETION(15,3)|INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM METHANEDIONE(15,1)|ABSORBING NUTRIENT(14,3)|SEAWATER STOCK(14,3)|SELF ORIENTING(14,3)|DESIGN FEATURE(14,2)|FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN(14,1)|MICROALGAE HYDROTREATING(14,1)|OCEAN HABITAT HEALTH(14,1)|IRON COMPOUND(13,22)|BLADDER(12,8)|PROTEIN PURIFICATION(12,3)|RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON FUEL(12,3)|SEMI PERMEABLE MATERIAL(12,3)|NUTRIENT CONVERSION(12,2)|PETRI DISH(12,2)|ISOLATED MICROALGAE COLONY(12,1)|MARINE MICROALGAE GROWTH(12,1)|MICROALGAE BIOPROCESSING(12,1)|SEA LIVING RESOURCE(12,1)|WET MICROALGAE BIOMASS(12,1)|IRON OXIDE(11,3)|MESH NETTING(11,2)|SEED CULTURE(11,2)|ANTARTIC ZOOPLANKTON(11,1)|BIODIESEL BLUEPRINT(11,1)|BUOYANCY CONTROLLED BASE(11,1)|DOMESTIC RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON EQUIVALENT(11,1)|HARVESTED MICROALGAE(11,1)|INDUCING MICROALGAE GROWTH(11,1)|INDUCING PLANKTON GROWTH(11,1)|ISOLATED DIATOM COLONY(11,1)|LAND ALGAE EFFORT(11,1)|MARINE SCIENCE INDIAN JOURNAL(11,1)|MASSIVE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(11,1)|METHANEDIONE BIOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(11,1)|METHANEDIONE BUBBLING(11,1)|MICROALGAE CONTAINMENT(11,1)|MICROALGAE CULTIVATION(11,1)|MICROALGAE FEEDSTOCK(11,1)|MICROALGAE GROWTH ACCELERATION(11,1)|MICROALGAE PHYSIOLOGY(11,1)|MICROALGAE PRODUCTIVITY(11,1)|NUTRIENT REPLENISHMENT(11,1)|PETRO DIESEL(11,1)|PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC ORGANISM(11,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY(11,1)|POLICY HURDLE(11,1)|POTENTIAL ENERGY(11,1)|PREVAILING ORGANISM GROWTH(11,1)|REMEDIATION ENDEAVOR(11,1)|SPARGE METHANEDIONE(11,1)|STERILIZED LOCAL SEAWATER(11,1)|TRIGLYCERIDES TRANSESTERIFICATION(11,1)|WOVEN HYDROPHILIC FABRIC(11,1)|PORE SIZE(10,13)|FATTY ACID(10,4)|FILTRATION MEMBRANE(10,2)|INCOMING MESH(10,2)|ALGAL CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN(10,1)|BIODIESELTAX CREDIT(10,1)|BIOMASS LIPID(10,1)|BLOW METHANEDIONE(10,1)|COLLAPSIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC CORE(10,1)|CONVECTION REGIME(10,1)|CULTIVATING BIOMASS(10,1)|CULTIVATION NUTRIENT(10,1)|DEWATERING CENTRIFUGE(10,1)|FIBERGLASS FABRIC EXTERIOR(10,1)|FRESHWATER POND(10,1)|HAZARDOUS ALGAE BLOOM(10,1)|HYDROPHILIC MICRONUTRIENT(10,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE(10,1)|MICROALGAE LIPID(10,1)|MICROALGAE METABOLIC PATHWAY(10,1)|MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY(10,1)|PERMEABLE MESH MEMBRANE(10,1)|PLANKTON OBSERVATION(10,1)|QUICKLY DEPLETED NUTRIENT(10,1)|STEADY FEEDSTOCK(10,1)|SUBARCTIC NORTH(10,1)|SYMBIOTIC ORGANISM(10,1)|TRANSIT ARTERY(10,1)|UNPROCESSED MARINE BIOMASS(10,1)|VESSEL DIRECTIONALITY(10,1)|ZOO PLANKTON(10,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(9,5)|IVF INTERIOR(9,2)|SEMI PERMEABLE MESHING(9,2)|BLOCKING POSITION(8,6)|TRIBUTARY(8,4)|COLLAPSIBLE MAGNETIC COIL(8,3)|CARBON NUTRIENT(8,2)|COALE PAPER(8,2)|ORGANISM SELECTION(8,2)|SIEVE GATE(8,2)|AMPERE LAW(8,1)|BEACON LOCATION(8,1)|BIODIESEL FUEL(8,1)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION SCALING(8,1)|CARBOHYDRATE RECOVERY(8,1)|DELAYED COKING OBJECTIVE(8,1)|DIATOM EXPONENTIAL GROWTH(8,1)|DIATOM STRAIN(8,1)|DISSOLVED CARBONATE FIXATION(8,1)|EMPLOYE SAFETY(8,1)|ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT(8,1)|FINAL VESSEL PLANKTON(8,1)|FOSSIL FUEL REFINING(8,1)|GOODS TRANSPORTATION(8,1)|HYDROTREATING OIL EXTRACT(8,1)|IMPENDING FOSSIL FUEL(8,1)|INACTIVE OFFSHORE PLATFORM(8,1)|INDIAN OCEAN SECTOR(8,1)|INNOVATIVE IDEA(8,1)|LEASING LAND COST(8,1)|MEDICINAL PROTEIN(8,1)|METHANEDIONE STREAM(8,1)|MICROALGAE INDUCTION(8,1)|NUTRITIONAL PROTEIN(8,1)|OCEAN FARM(8,1)|OFFSHORE DRILLING PLATFORM(8,1)|PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON(8,1)|PURCHASER REQUIREMENT(8,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL FEEDSTOCK(8,1)|RENT MORTGAGE REQUIREMENT(8,1)|SILICATE SEAWATER(8,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON RESPONSE(8,1)|SOUTHERN SEA(8,1)|STEADY PETROLEUM(8,1)|TWILL WEAVE FIBERGLASS MESH(8,1)|VESSEL CIRCULATING RECIRCULATING(8,1)|VESSEL PERCOLATE(8,1)|WEBSITE HTTP(8,1)|WIDELY ABUNDANT IRON(8,1)|VESSEL ORIENTATION(7,5)|BIOFUEL(7,3)|CENTURY(7,3)|BIOMASS PROCESSING(7,2)|SCIENTIST(7,2)|WASTEWATER(7,2)|ALGA GROWTH POTENTIAL(7,1)|AMERICAN PEOPLE(7,1)|ANALYSIS BIODIESEL(7,1)|CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN EXTRACT(7,1)|COASTAL DEAD ZONE(7,1)|COKE DRUM(7,1)|COMPATIBLE SUBSTITUTE(7,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(7,1)|DRIED BIOMASS(7,1)|EARTH CRUDE OIL RESERVE(7,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC INTENSITY(7,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC VESSEL(7,1)|EXPOSED ELECTROMAGNETIC SOLENOID(7,1)|EXTRACELLULAR FACTOR(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC FERROUS SULFATE(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLE(7,1)|FINAL MICROALGAE(7,1)|FOSSIL FUEL DIESEL(7,1)|FUEL SPECIALIZATION(7,1)|IRON CONTAINMENT(7,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT(7,1)|MAGNETIC IRON RETENTION(7,1)|MAXIMIZING GROWTH(7,1)|METHANEDIONE PUMP(7,1)|MICROALGAE OIL(7,1)|NOX EMISSION(7,1)|NUTRIENT LIMITATION(7,1)|NUTRIENT PARAMETER(7,1)|NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT(7,1)|OCEAN BENEFIT(7,1)|OILY SUBSTANCE(7,1)|OPEN WATER CURRENT(7,1)|PARAMETER MODIFICATION(7,1)|PETROLEUM DISTILLATE CONSUMPTION(7,1)|POLYETHYLENE NETTING(7,1)|POSITIVE REPUTATION(7,1)|PROTEIN CONCENTRATION(7,1)|QUANTITATIVE IMPACT(7,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL RESEARCH(7,1)|RIGID REINFORCING BEAM(7,1)|ROBUST INEXPENSIVE EQUIVALENT(7,1)|SCALABLE SYSTEM(7,1)|SCALING CALCULATION(7,1)|SCALING LIMITATION(7,1)|SEMI CLOSED PLANKTON CULTIVATION(7,1)|SIMULTANEOUS ENCLOSURE(7,1)|SOIL REQUIREMENT(7,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON(7,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER MEASUREMENT(7,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER READING(7,1)|STOCK LOCAL SEAWATER SOLUTION(7,1)|UTILIZATION PROFILE(7,1)|VESSEL AUTOMATION(7,1)|VIABLE OPTION(7,1)|WOVEN POLYETHYLENE(7,1)|WOVEN POLYPROPYLENE(7,1)|ZINC ENRICHMENT(7,1)|BASE MOBILITY(6,2)|CIRCULATION RATE(6,2)|COKE PRODUCTION(6,2)|FIBERGLASS COMPOSITE TOP(6,2)|FINAL CULTURE DENSITY(6,2)|FULL VESSEL REQUIREMENT(6,2)|GASEOUS PRODUCT(6,2)|HOLLOW CAP(6,2)|HUMAN ANIMAL CONSUMPTION(6,2)|INFRASTRUCTURE(6,2)|INSIGHT(6,2)|LIFESTYLE(6,2)|LIMNOLOGY(6,2)|MARINE ALGA(6,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(6,2)|OCEANOGRAPHY(6,2)|POLYMERIZATION(6,2)|SHAKER(6,2)|SHORELINE(6,2)|SILICATE PLATE(6,2)|VESSEL SEMI PERMEABLE WALL(6,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION VESSEL(5,7)|KINETIC ENERGY(5,4)|ORGANIZATION PRODUCTIVITY(5,4)|SODIUM BICARBONATE(5,4)|HOSE(5,3)|OPEN POSITION(5,3)|BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER(5,2)|MOBILE(5,2)|ORGANISM EXPOSURE(5,2)|STORM(5,2)|ACCORDION FEATURE(5,1)|AFFINITY COLUMN(5,1)|BIO DIESEL PERFORMANCE(5,1)|BIOMASS DENSITY(5,1)|BIOREACTOR VOLUME REDUCTION(5,1)|BUOYANT SUPPORT(5,1)|CENTRAL EQUATORIAL(5,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(5,1)|COASTAL ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|COKING DRUM BOTTOM(5,1)|COMPOSITION PROFILE(5,1)|CONSTANT MICROALGAE DENSITY(5,1)|CULTURE GROWTH(5,1)|CULTURE PH(5,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH(5,1)|DEPICTION(5,1)|DISPOSAL COST(5,1)|EFFICIENCY CONCERN(5,1)|EXPANSIVE SURFACE AREA(5,1)|EXTERIOR VESSEL(5,1)|FEED STOCK(5,1)|FIBER BLEND(5,1)|GAS VENT(5,1)|GRAM IRON(5,1)|GROWTH EXPERIMENT(5,1)|GROWTH PARAMETER(5,1)|HARD CAPITAL(5,1)|HARTSHORN(5,1)|HARVESTING PHASE(5,1)|HAZARDOUS WASTE STREAM(5,1)|HR INTERVAL(5,1)|HYDOPHOBICITY HYDROPHILICITY(5,1)|HYDROPHILIC POLYMER(5,1)|HYDROPHOBICITY(5,1)|IMPORTED DIESEL FUEL PRODUCT(5,1)|IRON INTRODUCTION(5,1)|LIFE FORM COOLING(5,1)|LITTLE INITIAL CAPITAL(5,1)|M HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE(5,1)|MAJOR NUTRIENT(5,1)|MASS MARINE BIOMASS(5,1)|MAXIMIZE PLANKTON SPECIFIC GROWTH(5,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS(5,1)|MICROALGAE PLANKTON(5,1)|MICROORGANISM LOSS(5,1)|MODULAR COMPOSITE COMPONENT(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING CYANOBACTERIA(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(5,1)|NUTRIENT UPTAKE RATE(5,1)|OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE(5,1)|ORGANISM DENSITY(5,1)|ORGANISM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(5,1)|PETROLEUM FUEL CONSUMPTION(5,1)|PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE RATE(5,1)|PLANKTON DENSITY(5,1)|POLYVINYL ACETATE(5,1)|POROUS CYLINDRICAL WALL SELECTIVITY(5,1)|PROTEIN SEPARATION(5,1)|RAMIFICATION(5,1)|RECYCLING GREENHOUSE GAS(5,1)|REINFORCEMENT(5,1)|RENEWABLE DIESEL PRODUCTION(5,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL CONVERSION(5,1)|SAFETY 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ECONOMY(4,1)|DYNAMICS(4,1)|EFFLUENT(4,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC CORE DESIGN(4,1)|ENCAPSULATION(4,1)|ENERGY CONTENT(4,1)|ENERGY INFORMATION(4,1)|ENGINEERED PROTEIN(4,1)||(US20140113331)|BIOMASS(100,19)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION(100,9)|TONNAGE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(100,1)|AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT(97,7)|HARVESTED MICROORGANISM(76,2)|HARVEST MICROORGANISM(75,2)|MICROALGAE EXPOSURE(71,1)|MICROORGANISM(66,10)|MARINE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(58,1)|SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE(57,5)|FIXING METHANEDIONE(54,1)|OCEAN ACIDITY(54,1)|MICROORGANISM DIFFUSION(48,1)|VESSEL FUNCTIONALITY(43,2)|ADHESION CONTINUATION(41,1)|OCEAN FREE NUTRIENT(41,1)|ENSUING BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(40,1)|INTERIOR REGION(39,8)|FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT(38,1)|MICROBIAL ORGANISM(38,1)|PROCESSING PLATFORM(36,22)|AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT(35,1)|REMEDIATION(35,1)|FUEL COST(32,1)|ANIMAL FATTY ACID(31,1)|BALANCE EQUATION FAVOR(31,1)|LIMITING IRON EXPOSURE(31,1)|OPEN OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT(31,1)|PROCESSING BIOMASS(30,2)|INCREASED CIRCULATION(30,1)|SOYBEAN(30,1)|SUNLIGHT(30,1)|PHOSPHOROUS MICRONUTRIENT BIOREMEDIATION(28,2)|MILITARY INSTALLATION(28,1)|TALLOW(28,1)|FLUID COMMUNICATION(26,3)|RETAINING IRON COMPOUND(26,2)|FEEDSTOCK(25,6)|OPEN OCEAN ENRICHMENT(25,1)|SEMI CLOSED OCEAN(25,1)|TERRESTRIAL PLANT(24,2)|CIRCULATION(23,7)|VESSEL INTERIOR(22,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE PARTIAL PRESSURE(22,1)|NEPA(21,2)|COASTAL ESTUARY BIOREMEDIATION(21,1)|SEA(20,13)|MICROALGAE RECIRCULATING OYSTER(20,1)|REMEDIATE COASTAL ESTUARY(20,1)|TERRESTRIAL MICROALGAE AQUACULTURE(20,1)|WASTE VEGETABLE OIL(20,1)|PRODUCT DENSITY SPECIFICITY(19,2)|RENEWABLE FUEL(18,11)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(18,1)|BIODIESEL ACCIDENTAL SPILL(17,1)|DESIRED EXPOSURE(17,1)|TERRESTRIAL FEEDSTOCK CULTIVATION(17,1)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(16,3)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(15,6)|NUTRIENT DEPLETION(15,3)|INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM METHANEDIONE(15,1)|ABSORBING NUTRIENT(14,3)|SEAWATER STOCK(14,3)|DESIGN FEATURE(14,2)|FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN(14,1)|MICROALGAE HYDROTREATING(14,1)|OCEAN HABITAT HEALTH(14,1)|IRON COMPOUND(13,22)|BLADDER(12,8)|PROTEIN PURIFICATION(12,3)|RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON FUEL(12,3)|SEMI PERMEABLE MATERIAL(12,3)|NUTRIENT CONVERSION(12,2)|PETRI DISH(12,2)|ISOLATED MICROALGAE COLONY(12,1)|MARINE MICROALGAE GROWTH(12,1)|MICROALGAE BIOPROCESSING(12,1)|SEA LIVING RESOURCE(12,1)|WET MICROALGAE BIOMASS(12,1)|RECIRCULATING PATTERN(11,4)|IRON OXIDE(11,3)|MESH NETTING(11,2)|SEED CULTURE(11,2)|ANTARCTIC ZOOPLANKTON(11,1)|BIODIESEL BLUEPRINT(11,1)|DOMESTIC RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON EQUIVALENT(11,1)|HARVESTED MICROALGAE(11,1)|INDUCING MICROALGAE GROWTH(11,1)|INDUCING PLANKTON GROWTH(11,1)|ISOLATED DIATOM COLONY(11,1)|LAND ALGAE EFFORT(11,1)|MARINE SCIENCE INDIAN JOURNAL(11,1)|MASSIVE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(11,1)|METHANEDIONE BIOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(11,1)|METHANEDIONE BUBBLING(11,1)|MICROALGAE CONTAINMENT(11,1)|MICROALGAE CULTIVATION(11,1)|MICROALGAE FEEDSTOCK(11,1)|MICROALGAE GROWTH ACCELERATION(11,1)|MICROALGAE PHYSIOLOGY(11,1)|MICROALGAE PRODUCTIVITY(11,1)|NUTRIENT REPLENISHMENT(11,1)|PETRO DIESEL(11,1)|PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC ORGANISM(11,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY(11,1)|POLICY HURDLE(11,1)|POTENTIAL ENERGY(11,1)|PREVAILING ORGANISM GROWTH(11,1)|REMEDIATION ENDEAVOR(11,1)|SPARGE METHANEDIONE(11,1)|STERILIZED LOCAL SEAWATER(11,1)|TRIGLYCERIDES TRANSESTERIFICATION(11,1)|WOVEN HYDROPHILIC FABRIC(11,1)|PORE SIZE(10,13)|FATTY ACID(10,4)|FILTRATION MEMBRANE(10,2)|INCOMING MESH(10,2)|ALGAL CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN(10,1)|BIODIESELTAX CREDIT(10,1)|BIOMASS LIPID(10,1)|BLOW METHANEDIONE(10,1)|COLLAPSIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC CORE(10,1)|CONVECTION REGIME(10,1)|CULTIVATING BIOMASS(10,1)|CULTIVATION NUTRIENT(10,1)|DEWATERING CENTRIFUGE(10,1)|FIBERGLASS FABRIC EXTERIOR(10,1)|FRESHWATER POND(10,1)|HAZARDOUS ALGAE BLOOM(10,1)|HYDROPHILIC MICRONUTRIENT(10,1)|LAND AQUACULTURE(10,1)|MICROALGAE LIPID(10,1)|MICROALGAE METABOLIC PATHWAY(10,1)|MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY(10,1)|PERMEABLE MESH MEMBRANE(10,1)|PLANKTON OBSERVATION(10,1)|QUICKLY DEPLETED NUTRIENT(10,1)|STEADY FEEDSTOCK(10,1)|SUBARCTIC NORTH(10,1)|SYMBIOTIC ORGANISM(10,1)|TRANSIT ARTERY(10,1)|UNPROCESSED MARINE BIOMASS(10,1)|VESSEL DIRECTIONALITY(10,1)|ZOO PLANKTON(10,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(9,5)|IVF INTERIOR(9,2)|SEMI PERMEABLE MESHING(9,2)|TRIBUTARY(8,4)|COLLAPSIBLE MAGNETIC COIL(8,3)|CARBON NUTRIENT(8,2)|COALE PAPER(8,2)|ORGANISM SELECTION(8,2)|SIEVE GATE(8,2)|AMPERE LAW(8,1)|BEACON LOCATION(8,1)|BIODIESEL FUEL(8,1)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION SCALING(8,1)|CARBOHYDRATE RECOVERY(8,1)|DELAYED COKING OBJECTIVE(8,1)|DIATOM EXPONENTIAL GROWTH(8,1)|DIATOM STRAIN(8,1)|DISSOLVED CARBONATE FIXATION(8,1)|EMPLOYE SAFETY(8,1)|ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT(8,1)|FINAL VESSEL PLANKTON(8,1)|FOSSIL FUEL REFINING(8,1)|GOODS TRANSPORTATION(8,1)|HYDROTREATING OIL EXTRACT(8,1)|IMPENDING FOSSIL FUEL(8,1)|INACTIVE OFFSHORE PLATFORM(8,1)|INDIAN OCEAN SECTOR(8,1)|INNOVATIVE IDEA(8,1)|LEASING LAND COST(8,1)|MEDICINAL PROTEIN(8,1)|METHANEDIONE STREAM(8,1)|MICROALGAE INDUCTION(8,1)|NUTRITIONAL PROTEIN(8,1)|OCEAN FARM(8,1)|OFFSHORE DRILLING PLATFORM(8,1)|PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON(8,1)|PURCHASER REQUIREMENT(8,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL FEEDSTOCK(8,1)|RENT MORTGAGE REQUIREMENT(8,1)|SILICATE SEAWATER(8,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON RESPONSE(8,1)|SOUTHERN SEA(8,1)|STEADY PETROLEUM(8,1)|TWILL WEAVE FIBERGLASS MESH(8,1)|VESSEL CIRCULATING RECIRCULATING(8,1)|VESSEL PERCOLATE(8,1)|WEBSITE HTTP(8,1)|WIDELY ABUNDANT IRON(8,1)|VESSEL ORIENTATION(7,5)|BIOFUEL(7,3)|CENTURY(7,3)|SEMI PERMEABLE EXTERIOR WALL(7,3)|BIOMASS PROCESSING(7,2)|SCIENTIST(7,2)|WASTEWATER(7,2)|ALGA GROWTH POTENTIAL(7,1)|AMERICAN PEOPLE(7,1)|ANALYSIS BIODIESEL(7,1)|CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN EXTRACT(7,1)|COASTAL DEAD ZONE(7,1)|COKE DRUM(7,1)|COMPATIBLE SUBSTITUTE(7,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(7,1)|DRIED BIOMASS(7,1)|EARTH CRUDE OIL RESERVE(7,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC INTENSITY(7,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC VESSEL(7,1)|EXPOSED ELECTROMAGNETIC SOLENOID(7,1)|EXTRACELLULAR FACTOR(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC FERROUS SULFATE(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLE(7,1)|FINAL MICROALGAE(7,1)|FOSSIL FUEL DIESEL(7,1)|FUEL SPECIALIZATION(7,1)|IRON CONTAINMENT(7,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT(7,1)|MAGNETIC IRON RETENTION(7,1)|MAXIMIZING GROWTH(7,1)|METHANEDIONE PUMP(7,1)|MICROALGAE OIL(7,1)|NOX EMISSION(7,1)|NUTRIENT LIMITATION(7,1)|NUTRIENT PARAMETER(7,1)|NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT(7,1)|OCEAN BENEFIT(7,1)|OILY SUBSTANCE(7,1)|OPEN WATER CURRENT(7,1)|PARAMETER MODIFICATION(7,1)|PETROLEUM DISTILLATE CONSUMPTION(7,1)|POLYETHYLENE NETTING(7,1)|POSITIVE REPUTATION(7,1)|PROTEIN CONCENTRATION(7,1)|QUANTITATIVE IMPACT(7,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL RESEARCH(7,1)|RIGID REINFORCING BEAM(7,1)|ROBUST INEXPENSIVE EQUIVALENT(7,1)|SCALABLE SYSTEM(7,1)|SCALING CALCULATION(7,1)|SCALING LIMITATION(7,1)|SEMI CLOSED PLANKTON CULTIVATION(7,1)|SIMULTANEOUS ENCLOSURE(7,1)|SOIL REQUIREMENT(7,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON(7,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER MEASUREMENT(7,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER READING(7,1)|STOCK LOCAL SEAWATER SOLUTION(7,1)|UTILIZATION PROFILE(7,1)|VESSEL AUTOMATION(7,1)|VIABLE OPTION(7,1)|WOVEN POLYETHYLENE(7,1)|WOVEN POLYPROPYLENE(7,1)|ZINC ENRICHMENT(7,1)|WATER SOLUBLE NUTRIENT(6,5)|BASE MOBILITY(6,2)|CIRCULATION RATE(6,2)|COKE PRODUCTION(6,2)|FIBERGLASS COMPOSITE TOP(6,2)|FINAL CULTURE DENSITY(6,2)|FULL VESSEL REQUIREMENT(6,2)|GASEOUS PRODUCT(6,2)|HOLLOW CAP(6,2)|HUMAN ANIMAL CONSUMPTION(6,2)|INFRASTRUCTURE(6,2)|INSIGHT(6,2)|LIFESTYLE(6,2)|LIMNOLOGY(6,2)|MARINE ALGA(6,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(6,2)|OCEANOGRAPHY(6,2)|POLYMERIZATION(6,2)|SHAKER(6,2)|SHORELINE(6,2)|SILICATE PLATE(6,2)|VESSEL SEMI PERMEABLE WALL(6,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION VESSEL(5,7)|BAFFLE(5,4)|KINETIC ENERGY(5,4)|ORGANIZATION PRODUCTIVITY(5,4)|SODIUM BICARBONATE(5,4)|HOSE(5,3)|BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER(5,2)|MOBILE(5,2)|ORGANISM EXPOSURE(5,2)|STORM(5,2)|ACCORDION FEATURE(5,1)|AFFINITY COLUMN(5,1)|BIO DIESEL PERFORMANCE(5,1)|BIOMASS DENSITY(5,1)|BIOREACTOR VOLUME REDUCTION(5,1)|BUOYANT SUPPORT(5,1)|CENTRAL EQUATORIAL(5,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(5,1)|COASTAL ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|COKING DRUM BOTTOM(5,1)|COMPOSITION PROFILE(5,1)|CONSTANT MICROALGAE DENSITY(5,1)|CULTURE GROWTH(5,1)|CULTURE PH(5,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH(5,1)|DEPICTION(5,1)|DISPOSAL COST(5,1)|EFFICIENCY CONCERN(5,1)|EXPANSIVE SURFACE AREA(5,1)|EXTERIOR VESSEL(5,1)|FEED STOCK(5,1)|FIBER BLEND(5,1)|GAS VENT(5,1)|GRAM IRON(5,1)|GROWTH EXPERIMENT(5,1)|GROWTH PARAMETER(5,1)|HARD CAPITAL(5,1)|HARTSHORN(5,1)|HARVESTING PHASE(5,1)|HAZARDOUS WASTE STREAM(5,1)|HR INTERVAL(5,1)|HYDOPHOBICITY HYDROPHILICITY(5,1)|HYDROPHILIC POLYMER(5,1)|HYDROPHOBICITY(5,1)|IMPORTED DIESEL FUEL PRODUCT(5,1)|IRON INTRODUCTION(5,1)|LIFE FORM COOLING(5,1)|LITTLE INITIAL CAPITAL(5,1)|M HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE(5,1)|MAJOR NUTRIENT(5,1)|MASS MARINE BIOMASS(5,1)|MAXIMIZE PLANKTON SPECIFIC GROWTH(5,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS(5,1)|MICROALGAE PLANKTON(5,1)|MICROORGANISM LOSS(5,1)|MODULAR COMPOSITE COMPONENT(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING CYANOBACTERIA(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(5,1)|NUTRIENT UPTAKE RATE(5,1)|OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE(5,1)|ORGANISM DENSITY(5,1)|ORGANISM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(5,1)|PETROLEUM FUEL CONSUMPTION(5,1)|PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE RATE(5,1)|PLANKTON DENSITY(5,1)|POLYVINYL ACETATE(5,1)|POROUS CYLINDRICAL WALL SELECTIVITY(5,1)|PROTEIN SEPARATION(5,1)|RAMIFICATION(5,1)|RECYCLING GREENHOUSE GAS(5,1)|REINFORCEMENT(5,1)|RENEWABLE DIESEL PRODUCTION(5,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL CONVERSION(5,1)|SAFETY CONCERN(5,1)|SAFETY ISSUE(5,1)|SCALE RENEWABLE DIESEL(5,1)|SPECIALIZED SKILL(5,1)|START FEEDING(5,1)|SUN DRYING(5,1)|TELESCOPING FEATURE(5,1)|TOTAL MICROALGAE(5,1)|UNFILTERED LOCAL MARINE WATER(5,1)|VANE FEATURE(5,1)|VESSEL CULTIVATION VOLUME DEPTH(5,1)|VESSEL STATUS(5,1)|WORLD COASTAL REGION(5,1)|BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(4,3)|ORGANIC ACID RESIDUE(4,3)|SEMIPERMEABLE WALL(4,3)|ACCUMULATION RATE(4,1)|ADDED HYDROGEN(4,1)|AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|ARCTIC POLAR FRONT ZONE(4,1)|ASH FERTILIZER PRODUCT(4,1)|BASELINE(4,1)|BENCH(4,1)|BIOCHEMICAL(4,1)|BIODIESEL PRODUCT WEIGHT(4,1)|CAPITAL INVESTMENT(4,1)|CENTRALLY LOCATED ELECTROMAGNET(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL(4,1)|CHROMATOGRAPHY COMPONENT(4,1)|CIRCUMFERENTIAL WALL(4,1)|CLEANUP(4,1)|COKER BOTTOM(4,1)|COMPOUND LIMITATION(4,1)|CONCENTRATION LEVEL DIATOM(4,1)|CONSTANT AGITATION(4,1)|CONSTANT DILUTION(4,1)|DECLINE(4,1)|DEFICIENT NUTRIENT FEED POINT(4,1)|DEHYDRATE(4,1)|DEPLETION RATE(4,1)|DISTILLATION TOWER(4,1)|DIVERSITY(4,1)|DOMESTIC ECONOMY(4,1)|DYNAMICS(4,1)|EFFLUENT(4,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC CORE DESIGN(4,1)|ENCAPSULATION(4,1)|ENERGY CONTENT(4,1)|ENERGY INFORMATION(4,1)|ENGINEERED PROTEIN(4,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(4,1)|FATTY ACID EXTRACTION(4,1)|FED BATCH INTRODUCTION(4,1)||(CN102803464)|CONTAINER(100,111)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION(100,8)|BREEDING(100,3)|PROCESSING BIOMASS(100,3)|TERRESTRIAL MICROALGAE HYDROPONICS(100,1)|AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT(71,6)|MICROORGANISM CULTIVATION(70,1)|TONNAGE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(70,1)|DOMESTIC RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON EQUIVALENT(56,1)|NEPA CONTINUED SATISFACTION(54,1)|HARVEST MICROORGANISM(53,2)|HARVESTED MICROORGANISM(53,2)|SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE(51,5)|SEAWATER IRON ENRICHMENT(50,1)|MICROALGAE CULTIVATION(49,2)|MICROORGANISM(46,9)|ECONOMICAL CULTIVATION(44,1)|MICROBIAL REACTOR(42,1)|MARINE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(41,1)|CENTURY FOSSIL FUEL SUPPLY(39,1)|RETAINING MICROORGANISM(38,2)|LAND WATER CULTIVATION(37,1)|OCEAN ACIDITY(37,1)|BUOYANCY(35,13)|COLLECTING BIOMASS(35,1)|MICROORGANISM DIFFUSION(33,1)|SATISFACTION CONTINUATION(31,1)|OPEN SEAWATER ENRICHMENT(30,1)|CULTIVATION(29,5)|FEEDSTOCK(28,5)|INVESTMENT COST(28,1)|OCEAN FREE NUTRIENT(28,1)|INTERIOR REGION(27,8)|FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT(26,1)|PROCESSING PLATFORM(25,16)|RECIRCULATION MODE(25,3)|SCREEN GATE(25,2)|WATER CULTIVATION(25,1)|FOSSIL FUEL SUPPLY(24,1)|MICROALGAE(23,31)|OPEN WATER ENVIRONMENT(23,2)|FLOATING ROOF(23,1)|MAINTAINING IRON(23,1)|WATER SOLUBLE NUTRIENT(21,7)|HYDROCARBON EQUIVALENT(21,2)|ANIMAL FATTY ACID(21,1)|FUEL COST(21,1)|LIMITING IRON EXPOSURE(21,1)|FIXED METHANEDIONE(20,1)|FLUID COMMUNICATION(18,3)|POND(18,1)|BIOREACTOR(17,4)|SEMI PERMEABLE MESH MATERIAL(16,4)|FLUID PASS(16,2)|FRESH WATER CONSUMPTION(16,1)|LIGHTWEIGHT(16,1)|RIVER PHOSPHORUS MICRONUTRIENT BIOREMEDIATION(16,1)|COASTAL ESTUARY(15,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON(15,2)|SCALE PRODUCTION(15,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE PARTIAL PRESSURE(15,1)|LAND PLANT(15,1)|SEMI PERMEABLE OUTER WALL(14,6)|BAFFLE(14,5)|BUOYANT TOP(14,3)|MICROALGAE FEEDSTOCK(14,3)|FOCUSING(14,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(13,3)|VESSEL INTERIOR(13,3)|REINFORCEMENT BEAM(12,6)|STIFFENING BEAM(12,6)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(12,1)|IRON COMPOUND(11,22)|BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(11,3)|PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC ORGANISM(11,2)|BIODIESEL ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE(11,1)|BUOYANCY CONTROLLED MEMBER(11,1)|SEMIENCLOSED PLANKTON CULTURE(11,1)|MESH MATERIAL(10,14)|ABSORBING NUTRIENT(10,3)|NUTRIENT DEPLETION(10,3)|AMERICAN SCIENTIST EMPHASIS(10,1)|AMICROALGA CORRELATION ANALYZER(10,1)|CHESAPICK BAY MOUTH(10,1)|INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM METHANEDIONE(10,1)|INTRACELLULAR VEGETATIVE ALGAE(10,1)|MARINESECIEN INDIAN JOURNAL(10,1)|MICROALGAE HYDROFINISHING(10,1)|TREATMENT PLATFORM(9,6)|ELECTROMAGNET CORE(9,4)|SELF ORIENTING(9,3)|SEMI PERMEABLE MATERIAL(9,3)|MARINE MICROALGAE(9,2)|LAND FEEDSTOCK CULTIVATION(9,1)|BLADDER(8,8)|OUTER WALL(8,6)|PROTEIN PURIFICATION(8,3)|FIBERGLASS FABRICS(8,2)|MICROALGAE INDUCTION(8,2)|NUTRIENT CONVERSION(8,2)|PETRI DISH(8,2)|COKER FRACTIONATOR(8,1)|INDUCING PLANKTON IC GROWTH(8,1)|PERMEABLE RETICULATED MEMBRANE(8,1)|SEMI PERMEABLE WEB MATERIAL(8,1)|WASTE MATERIAL GENERATION(8,1)|WET MICROALGAE BIOMASS(8,1)|PORE SIZE(7,13)|FATTY ACID(7,4)|DIATOM GROWTH(7,2)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(7,2)|NUTRIENT FEED(7,2)|SEED CULTURE(7,2)|SILICATE TRAY(7,2)|ALGAL CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN EXTRACTION(7,1)|ANTARCTIC ZOOPLANKTON(7,1)|DIATOM SPECIFICITY(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC FERRIC SULFATE(7,1)|HYDROPHILIC NUTRIENT CONSTANT SUPPLEMENTATION(7,1)|INACTIVE OFFSHORE DRILLING PLATFORM(7,1)|METHANEDIONE BIOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|METHANEDIONE BUBBLING(7,1)|MICROALGAE GALLON(7,1)|MICROALGAE PHYSIOLOGY(7,1)|MICROALGAL LIPID CONVERSION(7,1)|POLICY HURDLE(7,1)|POTENTIAL ENERGY(7,1)|PREVAILING ORGANISM GROWTH(7,1)|TWILL WOVEN FIBERGLASS MESH(7,1)|UNFILTERED LOCAL SEAWATER(7,1)|VAN LEEUWE MA(7,1)|WOVEN HYDROPHILIC FABRIC(7,1)|AMPERE LAWOETA(6,1)|ANTHONY RADIACH(6,1)|BIODIESELTAX CREDIT(6,1)|BIOMASS LIPID(6,1)|COLLAPSIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC CORE(6,1)|CULTIVATING BIOMASS(6,1)|DAILY MANAGEMENT EXPENSE(6,1)|DAILY PETROLEUM DISTILLATE CONSUMPTION(6,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH IIVOL(6,1)|DEWATERING CENTRIFUGE(6,1)|EXPLORATORY RESERVE(6,1)|FERTIGATION EXPERIMENT(6,1)|FILTERED LOCAL SEAWATER TRAY(6,1)|FRESHWATER POND(6,1)|HARVESTED MICROALGAE(6,1)|HYDROFINISHED OIL EXTRACT(6,1)|HYDROPHILIC MICRONUTRIENT(6,1)|HYDROPHILIC NUTRIENT PASSAGE(6,1)|LAND ALGAE(6,1)|MICROALGAE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT(6,1)|MICROALGAE METABOLIC PATHWAY(6,1)|MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY(6,1)|MODULATING EXTRACELLULAR FACTOR(6,1)|NATIVE MICROALGAE(6,1)|OIL EXTRACT HYDROFINISHING(6,1)|ORGANISM HYDRATION(6,1)|PARAMAGNETIC PARTICLE(6,1)|PETROLEUM DISTILLATE DAILY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|PLANKTON BREEDING(6,1)|PLANKTON OBSERVATION(6,1)|PROCUREMENT REQUIREMENT(6,1)|RENTING MORTGAGE REQUIREMENT(6,1)|RESERVOIR DIRECTIONALITY(6,1)|RETROFIT TANKER(6,1)|SAMPLE DENSITO METRIC MEASUREMENT(6,1)|STERILE LOCAL SEAWATER(6,1)|SUBARCTIC NORTH(6,1)|SYMBIOTIC ORGANISM(6,1)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(5,7)|DELAYED COKING(5,4)|OCEAN CURRENT(5,4)|BIOFUEL(5,3)|COLLAPSIBLE MAGNETIC COIL(5,3)|IRON OXIDE(5,3)|AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT(5,2)|CARBON NUTRIENT(5,2)|CONTAINER REQUIREMENT(5,2)|HYDROPHOBICITY(5,2)|ORGANISM SELECTION(5,2)|SIEVE GATE(5,2)|VESSEL REQUIREMENT(5,2)|ANALYZING CORRELATION(5,1)|BEACON LOCATION(5,1)|BIODIESEL BLUE(5,1)|BIODIESEL FUEL(5,1)|BIOMASS TRANSPORT(5,1)|CALIBRATED HALL(5,1)|COASTLINE DELTA(5,1)|COMPOUND NONINHIBITORY CONCENTRATION(5,1)|CONCENTRATION PISTARTING(5,1)|CULTURE NUTRIENT(5,1)|DIATOM PREVENTED EXPONENTIAL GROWTH(5,1)|DIATOM STRAIN(5,1)|DISSOLVED CO2RESULTING(5,1)|ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT(5,1)|ENTRY FLOODGATE(5,1)|EPA PROVISION(5,1)|EXTRACTED MICROALGAE OIL(5,1)|FINAL CONTAINER PLANKTON(5,1)|FOSSIL FUEL REFINERY(5,1)|INDIAN OCEAN SECTOR(5,1)|LIVING RESOURCE(5,1)|MARINE HABITAT HEALTH(5,1)|MAXIMIZE PLANKTON(5,1)|MAXIMIZING MICROALGAE PLANKTON RATIO(5,1)|MESH FOULING(5,1)|MICROALGAE CONVERSION(5,1)|MOTHER LIQUOR(5,1)|NITROGEN BIOREMEDIATION(5,1)|NUTRIENT ABUNDANT SUPPLY(5,1)|NUTRITIONAL PROTEIN(5,1)|RAW SEAWATER(5,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL FEEDSTOCK(5,1)|RENTING LAND COST(5,1)|RESOURCE RESTRICTION(5,1)|SEAWATER DISH(5,1)|SEPARATED MICROALGAE COLONY(5,1)|SPECIALIZED LABOR(5,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENT(5,1)|UNTREATED MARINE BIOMASS(5,1)|VESSEL CIRCULATING RECIRCULATING(5,1)|WEBSITE HTTP(5,1)|CLOSED POSITION(4,6)|HOSE(4,3)|OPEN POSITION(4,3)|ARCTIC POLAR FRONT ZONE(4,2)|BASE MOBILITY(4,2)|CENTURY(4,2)|GASEOUS PRODUCT(4,2)|HUMAN ANIMAL CONSUMPTION(4,2)|INFRASTRUCTURE(4,2)|INSIGHT(4,2)|LIFESTYLE(4,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(4,2)|PETROLEUM DIESEL(4,2)|POLYMERIZATION(4,2)|SHAKER(4,2)|SUBSTREAM(4,2)|SUNLIGHT(4,2)|WASTEWATER(4,2)|4MT VESSEL(4,1)|ACCORDION FEATURE(4,1)|ALGA GROWTH(4,1)|ALGAE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH(4,1)|AMPLIFICATION CALCULATION(4,1)|CIRCULATION VELOCITY(4,1)|COKE DRUM(4,1)|COMPARABLE SUBSTITUTE(4,1)|CONTAINER AUTOMATION(4,1)|CONTAINER SEMIPERMEABLE WALL(4,1)|CRUDE OIL EARTH RESERVE(4,1)|DRIED BIOMASS(4,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC VESSEL(4,1)|ESTUARY TREATMENT(4,1)|EXPOSED ELECTROMAGNETIC SOLENOID(4,1)|FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLE(4,1)|FILTRATION MEMBRANE(4,1)|FINAL MICROALGAE(4,1)|FLOATING TOP(4,1)|FOSSIL FUEL DIESEL(4,1)|GROWTH ACCELERATION(4,1)|HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE(4,1)|INNOVATIVE CONCEPT(4,1)|IRON ALLERGY(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE MESH(4,1)|IVF INTERIOR(4,1)|MARINE BENEFIT(4,1)|MAXIMIZING GROWTH(4,1)|MEASURING CHLOROPHYL(4,1)|METHANEDIONE PUMP(4,1)|MICROALGAE CONTENT(4,1)|MICROALGAE DENSITY(4,1)|MICROALGAE SELECTIVE EXPOSURE(4,1)|MICROORGANISM LOSS(4,1)|NATURAL MAGNIFICATION LIMITATION(4,1)|NONTOXIC WASTE STREAM(4,1)|NOX EMISSION(4,1)|NUTRIENT PARAMETER(4,1)|NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT(4,1)|NUTRIENT UPTAKE RATE(4,1)|OILY SUBSTANCE(4,1)|PARAMETER IMPROVEMENT(4,1)|PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON(4,1)|PHOTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(4,1)|PLANKTON DENSITY(4,1)|POSITIVE REPUTATION(4,1)|PROTEIN CONCENTRATION(4,1)|REMEDIATION WORK(4,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL RESEARCH(4,1)|RIGID REINFORCING BEAM(4,1)|SEAWATER FEED(4,1)|SELECTIVITY ENHANCEMENT(4,1)|SIMULTANEOUS ENCLOSURE(4,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON(4,1)|SPECIALTY FUEL(4,1)|STABLE RENEWABLE DIESEL(4,1)|VIABLE OPTION(4,1)|WOVEN POLYETHYLENE(4,1)|WOVEN POLYPROPYLENE(4,1)|ORGANIZATION PRODUCTIVITY(3,4)|KINETIC ENERGY(3,3)|MESH NETWORK(3,3)|SODIUM BICARBONATE(3,3)|BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER(3,2)|NEPA(3,2)|STORM(3,2)|AFFINITY COLUMN(3,1)|ALKALINE CATALYST(3,1)|ALTERNATIVEFEEDSTOCK(3,1)|BICARBONATE ANALYSIS(3,1)|BIO DIESEL PERFORMANCE(3,1)|BIOMASS DENSITY(3,1)|BIOMASS PROCESSING(3,1)|BIOREACTOR VOLUME(3,1)|BULLETIN(3,1)|BUOYANT SUPPORT(3,1)|COAL ARTICLE(3,1)|COASTAL ECOSYSTEM(3,1)|COMPONENT MOLD(3,1)|CONTAINER DEMAND(3,1)|CONTAINER STATUS(3,1)|CONTAINMENT LIMIT(3,1)|CONVECTIVE(3,1)|CRUDE OIL RESERVE(3,1)|CULTURE PH(3,1)|DISPOSAL COST(3,1)|DISSOLVED CARBONATE(3,1)|ENERGY INTENSIVE(3,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PREVENTION(3,1)|FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION(3,1)|FILTER MEMBRANE(3,1)|FINAL BROTH DENSITY(3,1)|GROWTH PARAMETER(3,1)|HARMLESS WASTE STREAM(3,1)|HARTSHORN(3,1)|HARVESTING(3,1)|HECTARE YIELD(3,1)|HYDROPHILIC POLYMER(3,1)|IMPORTED DIESEL FUEL PRODUCT(3,1)|IRON FEED DISTRIBUTION(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION CONTAINER(3,1)|LARGE MICROALGAE SPECIES CULTURE(3,1)|LIPID YIELD(3,1)|LITER CONTAINER(3,1)|MAGNETIC RETENTION(3,1)|MAJOR NUTRIENT(3,1)|MESH SCREEN(3,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS(3,1)|MICROALGAE CONSTANT DENSITY(3,1)|MICROALGAE PROCESSING(3,1)|MICROALGAE PRODUCT(3,1)|MODULAR COMPOSITE COMPONENT(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING CYANOBACTERIA(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(3,1)|NUTRIENT STARVED FEEDING POINT(3,1)|OIL ECONOMY(3,1)|ORGANISM DENSITY(3,1)|ORGANISM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(3,1)|PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE RATE(3,1)|PRODUCING RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON FUEL(3,1)|PROTEIN SEPARATION(3,1)|PROTEIN YIELD(3,1)|RECIRCULATION PATTERN(3,1)|RECYCLING GREENHOUSE GAS(3,1)|RENEWABLE DIESEL COST(3,1)|RENEWABLE DIESEL PRODUCTION(3,1)|RENEWABLE DIESEL SCALE PRODUCTION(3,1)|SAFETY CONCERN(3,1)|SAFETY ISSUE(3,1)|SEMI CLOSED MARINE SYSTEM(3,1)|SEMI PERMEABLE NET(3,1)|SEPARATED DIATOM(3,1)|SOFT SEA(3,1)|SOIL REQUIREMENT(3,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER(3,1)|SUN DRYING(3,1)|SYNTHESIZING PERSONAL CARE(3,1)|TAX OFFSET(3,1)|TELESCOPING FEATURE(3,1)|THICKENING(3,1)|TIMED RELEASE(3,1)|TOTAL MICROALGAE(3,1)|TRACE METAL DILUTION(3,1)|TRIGLYCERIDES TRANSESTERIFICATION(3,1)|VOLUMETRIC INDEPENDENT LIMITING(3,1)|WORKFORCE(3,1)|WORLD COASTAL AREA(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION VESSEL(2,7)|ADDED HYDROGEN(2,1)|ANALYSIS PAPER BIODISEL(2,1)|AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING(2,1)|AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|ARTIFICIAL REEF(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE2THE PRESSURE(2,1)|AVIATION FUEL PRODUCTION(2,1)|BASELINE(2,1)|BIOCHEMICAL(2,1)|BIOPROCESSING(2,1)|CAPITAL INVESTMENT(2,1)|CARBON FIBER FABRICS(2,1)|CENTRALLY LOCATED ELECTROMAGNET(2,1)|CENTRIFUGATION(2,1)|CHELATION(2,1)|CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEMBER(2,1)|CIRCULATION RATE(2,1)|CIRCUMFERENTIAL WALL(2,1)|COASTAL WASTE AREA(2,1)|COKE PRODUCTION(2,1)|COKER BOTTOM(2,1)|COMPOSITION DISTRIBUTION(2,1)|COMPOUND LIMITATION(2,1)|CONSTANT DILUTION(2,1)|CONTAINER CULTURE VOLUME DEPTH(2,1)|CONTAINER LIMIT(2,1)|CONTAINER PRODUCTION(2,1)|CONTAINER SEMI PERMEABLE WALL(2,1)|CULTURE REACHED STATIONARY PHASE(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DEHYDRATION(2,1)|DEOXYGENIZATION(2,1)|DISRUPTION(2,1)|DOMESTIC ECONOMY(2,1)|DRILLING RIG(2,1)|DYNAMICS(2,1)|ECONOMICS(2,1)|EFFLUENT(2,1)|ELECTRICAL ACTUATOR(2,1)|ENCAPSULATION(2,1)|ENERGY INFORMATION(2,1)|ENGINEERED PROTEIN(2,1)||(AU2010256745)|VESSEL(100,184)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION(100,6)|PROCESSING BIOMASS(100,1)|TONNAGE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(100,1)|AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT(97,7)|MICROORGANISM(93,10)|HARVESTED MICROORGANISM(76,2)|HARVEST MICROORGANISM(75,2)|IDEA CULTIVATION(60,1)|MARINE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK(58,1)|SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE(57,4)|SEMI PERMEABLE EXTERIOR WALL(55,3)|FIXING METHANEDIONE(54,1)|OCEAN ACIDITY(54,1)|SIEVED GATE(51,2)|MICROORGANISM DIFFUSION(48,1)|BUOYANT TOP(45,3)|ADHESION CONTINUATION(41,1)|OCEAN FREE NUTRIENT(41,1)|ENSUING BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(40,1)|INTERIOR REGION(39,8)|RECIRCULATING PATTERN(38,4)|FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT(38,1)|PROCESSING PLATFORM(36,22)|WATER SOLUBLE NUTRIENT(34,5)|SEMI PERMEABLE MESH MATERIAL(33,3)|BALANCE EQUATION FAVOR(31,1)|LIMITING IRON EXPOSURE(31,1)|OPEN OCEAN IRON ENRICHMENT(31,1)|PHOSPHOROUS MICRONUTRIENT BIOREMEDIATION(28,2)|SEMIPERMEABLE EXTERIOR WALL(28,2)|DIRECTING FLOW(28,1)|NEPA(27,1)|FLUID COMMUNICATION(26,3)|RETAINING IRON COMPOUND(26,2)|OPEN OCEAN ENRICHMENT(25,1)|SEMI CLOSED OCEAN(25,1)|BAFFLE(22,4)|VESSEL INTERIOR(22,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE PARTIAL PRESSURE(22,1)|COASTAL ESTUARY BIOREMEDIATION(21,1)|MICROALGAE RECIRCULATING OYSTER(20,1)|REMEDIATE COASTAL ESTUARY(20,1)|MESH MATERIAL(18,13)|EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN ECOSYSTEM(18,1)|BIODIESEL ACCIDENTAL SPILL(17,1)|TERRESTRIAL FEEDSTOCK CULTIVATION(17,1)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(16,3)|NUTRIENT IDEA CONVERSION(16,2)|VESSEL WIDTH(16,2)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(15,6)|NUTRIENT DEPLETION(15,3)|INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM METHANEDIONE(15,1)|MICROALGAC OIL 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ENCLOSURE(10,1)|PERMEABLE MESH MEMBRANE(10,1)|PLANKTON OBSERVATION(10,1)|QUICKLY DEPLETED NUTRIENT(10,1)|SUBARCTIC NORTH(10,1)|SYMBIOTIC ORGANISM(10,1)|THREEGORGE RESERVOIR(10,1)|TRANSIT ARTERY(10,1)|UNPROCESSED MARINE BIOMASS(10,1)|VESSEL DIRECTIONALITY(10,1)|ZOO PLANKTON(10,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(9,5)|IVF INTERIOR(9,2)|SEMI PERMEABLE MESHING(9,2)|BLOCKING POSITION(8,6)|TRIBUTARY(8,4)|COLLAPSIBLE MAGNETIC COIL(8,3)|CARBON NUTRIENT(8,2)|COALE PAPER(8,2)|ORGANISM SELECTION(8,2)|SIEVE GATE(8,2)|AMPERE LAW(8,1)|BEACON LOCATION(8,1)|BIODIESEL FUEL(8,1)|BIOMASS PRODUCTION SCALING(8,1)|CARBOHYDRATE RECOVERY(8,1)|DIATOM EXPONENTIAL GROWTH(8,1)|DIATOM STRAIN(8,1)|DISSOLVED CARBONATE FIXATION(8,1)|EMPLOYE SAFETY(8,1)|ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT(8,1)|FINAL VESSEL PLANKTON(8,1)|FOSSIL FUEL REFINING(8,1)|GOODS TRANSPORTATION(8,1)|HYDROTREATING OIL EXTRACT(8,1)|IMPENDING FOSSIL FUEL(8,1)|INACTIVE OFFSHORE PLATFORM(8,1)|INDIAN OCEAN SECTOR(8,1)|INNOVATIVE IDEA(8,1)|LEASING LAND COST(8,1)|MEDICINAL PROTEIN(8,1)|METHANEDIONE STREAM(8,1)|MICROALGAE INDUCTION(8,1)|OCEAN FARM(8,1)|OFFSHORE DRILLING PLATFORM(8,1)|PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON(8,1)|PURCHASER REQUIREMENT(8,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL FEEDSTOCK(8,1)|RENT MORTGAGE REQUIREMENT(8,1)|SILICATE SEAWATER(8,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON RESPONSE(8,1)|SOUTHERN SEA(8,1)|STEADY PETROLEUM(8,1)|TWILL WEAVE FIBERGLASS MESH(8,1)|VESSEL CIRCULATING RECIRCULATING(8,1)|VESSEL PERCOLATE(8,1)|WEBSITE HTTP(8,1)|WIDELY ABUNDANT IRON(8,1)|VESSEL ORIENTATION(7,5)|CENTURY(7,3)|DELAYED COKING(7,3)|BIOMASS PROCESSING(7,2)|SCIENTIST(7,2)|WASTEWATER(7,2)|ALGA GROWTH POTENTIAL(7,1)|AMERICAN PEOPLE(7,1)|ANALYSIS BIODIESEL(7,1)|CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN EXTRACT(7,1)|COASTAL DEAD ZONE(7,1)|COKE DRUM(7,1)|COMPATIBLE SUBSTITUTE(7,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(7,1)|DRIED BIOMASS(7,1)|EARTH CRUDE OIL RESERVE(7,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC INTENSITY(7,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC VESSEL(7,1)|EXPOSED ELECTROMAGNETIC SOLENOID(7,1)|EXTRACELLULAR FACTOR(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC FERROUS SULFATE(7,1)|FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLE(7,1)|FINAL MICROALGAE(7,1)|FOSSIL FUEL DIESEL(7,1)|FUEL SPECIALIZATION(7,1)|GALLON ID(7,1)|HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE(7,1)|IRON CONTAINMENT(7,1)|IRON FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT(7,1)|MAGNETIC IRON RETENTION(7,1)|MAXIMIZING GROWTH(7,1)|METHANEDIONE PUMP(7,1)|MICROALGAE OIL(7,1)|NOX EMISSION(7,1)|NUTRIENT LIMITATION(7,1)|NUTRIENT PARAMETER(7,1)|NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT(7,1)|OCEAN BENEFIT(7,1)|OILY SUBSTANCE(7,1)|PARAMETER MODIFICATION(7,1)|PETROLEUM DISTILLATE CONSUMPTION(7,1)|POLYETHYLENE NETTING(7,1)|POSITIVE REPUTATION(7,1)|PROTEIN CONCENTRATION(7,1)|QUANTITATIVE IMPACT(7,1)|REINFORCEMENT BEAM(7,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL RESEARCH(7,1)|RIGID REINFORCING BEAM(7,1)|ROBUST INEXPENSIVE EQUIVALENT(7,1)|SCALABLE SYSTEM(7,1)|SCALING CALCULATION(7,1)|SCALING LIMITATION(7,1)|SEMI CLOSED PLANKTON CULTIVATION(7,1)|SIMULTANEOUS ENCLOSURE(7,1)|SOIL REQUIREMENT(7,1)|SOUTHERN OCEAN IRON(7,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER MEASUREMENT(7,1)|SPECTROPHOTOMETER READING(7,1)|STOCK LOCAL SEAWATER SOLUTION(7,1)|UTILIZATION PROFILE(7,1)|VESSEL AUTOMATION(7,1)|VESSEL FUNCTIONALITY(7,1)|VIABLE OPTION(7,1)|WOVEN POLYETHYLENE(7,1)|WOVEN POLYPROPYLENE(7,1)|ZINC ENRICHMENT(7,1)|BASE MOBILITY(6,2)|BIOFUEL(6,2)|CIRCULATION RATE(6,2)|FIBERGLASS COMPOSITE TOP(6,2)|FINAL CULTURE DENSITY(6,2)|FULL VESSEL REQUIREMENT(6,2)|GASEOUS PRODUCT(6,2)|HOLLOW CAP(6,2)|HUMAN ANIMAL CONSUMPTION(6,2)|INFRASTRUCTURE(6,2)|INSIGHT(6,2)|LIFESTYLE(6,2)|LIMNOLOGY(6,2)|MARINE ALGA(6,2)|MARINE ECOLOGY(6,2)|OCEANOGRAPHY(6,2)|POLYMERIZATION(6,2)|SHAKER(6,2)|SHORELINE(6,2)|SILICATE PLATE(6,2)|VESSEL SEMI PERMEABLE WALL(6,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION VESSEL(5,7)|KINETIC ENERGY(5,4)|ORGANIZATION PRODUCTIVITY(5,4)|SODIUM BICARBONATE(5,4)|HOSE(5,3)|OPEN POSITION(5,3)|BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER(5,2)|MOBILE(5,2)|ORGANISM EXPOSURE(5,2)|STORM(5,2)|ACCORDION FEATURE(5,1)|AFFINITY COLUMN(5,1)|BIO DIESEL PERFORMANCE(5,1)|BIOMASS DENSITY(5,1)|BIOREACTOR VOLUME REDUCTION(5,1)|BUOYANT SUPPORT(5,1)|CENTRAL EQUATORIAL(5,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(5,1)|COASTAL ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|COKING DRUM BOTTOM(5,1)|COMPOSITION PROFILE(5,1)|CONSTANT MICROALGAE DENSITY(5,1)|CULTURE GROWTH(5,1)|CULTURE PH(5,1)|DEEP SEA RESEARCH(5,1)|DEPICTION(5,1)|DISPOSAL COST(5,1)|EFFICIENCY CONCERN(5,1)|EXPANSIVE SURFACE AREA(5,1)|EXTERIOR VESSEL(5,1)|FEED STOCK(5,1)|FIBER BLEND(5,1)|GAS VENT(5,1)|GRAM IRON(5,1)|GROWTH EXPERIMENT(5,1)|GROWTH PARAMETER(5,1)|HARD CAPITAL(5,1)|HARTSHORN(5,1)|HARVESTING PHASE(5,1)|HAZARDOUS WASTE STREAM(5,1)|HR INTERVAL(5,1)|HYDOPHOBICITY HYDROPHILICITY(5,1)|HYDROPHILIC POLYMER(5,1)|HYDROPHOBICITY(5,1)|IRON INTRODUCTION(5,1)|LABORATORY ID WATER(5,1)|LIFE FORM COOLING(5,1)|LITTLE INITIAL CAPITAL(5,1)|MAJOR NUTRIENT(5,1)|MAXIMIZE PLANKTON SPECIFIC GROWTH(5,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS(5,1)|MICROORGANISM LOSS(5,1)|MODULAR COMPOSITE COMPONENT(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING CYANOBACTERIA(5,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(5,1)|NUTRIENT UPTAKE RATE(5,1)|OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE(5,1)|ORGANISM DENSITY(5,1)|ORGANISM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(5,1)|PETROLEUM FUEL CONSUMPTION(5,1)|PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE RATE(5,1)|PLANKTON DENSITY(5,1)|POLYVINYL ACETATE(5,1)|POROUS CYLINDRICAL WALL SELECTIVITY(5,1)|PROTEIN SEPARATION(5,1)|RAMIFICATION(5,1)|RECYCLING GREENHOUSE GAS(5,1)|RENEWABLE DIESEL PRODUCTION(5,1)|RENEWABLE FUEL CONVERSION(5,1)|SAFETY CONCERN(5,1)|SAFETY ISSUE(5,1)|SCALE RENEWABLE DIESEL(5,1)|SPECIALIZED SKILL(5,1)|SPECIES ARC(5,1)|START FEEDING(5,1)|SUN DRYING(5,1)|TELESCOPING FEATURE(5,1)|TOTAL MICROALGAE(5,1)|UNFILTERED LOCAL MARINE WATER(5,1)|VANE FEATURE(5,1)|VESSEL ARC(5,1)|VESSEL CULTIVATION VOLUME DEPTH(5,1)|VESSEL STATUS(5,1)|WORLD COASTAL REGION(5,1)|BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(4,3)|ORGANIC ACID RESIDUE(4,3)|SEMIPERMEABLE WALL(4,3)|ACCUMULATION RATE(4,1)|ADDED HYDROGEN(4,1)|AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|ARCTIC POLAR FRONT ZONE(4,1)|ASH FERTILIZER PRODUCT(4,1)|BASELINE(4,1)|BENCH(4,1)|BIOCHEMICAL(4,1)|BIODIESEL PRODUCT WEIGHT(4,1)|CAPITAL INVESTMENT(4,1)|CENTRALLY LOCATED ELECTROMAGNET(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL(4,1)|CHROMATOGRAPHY COMPONENT(4,1)|CIRCUMFERENTIAL WALL(4,1)|CLEANUP(4,1)|COKE PRODUCTION(4,1)|COKER BOTTOM(4,1)|COMPOUND LIMITATION(4,1)|CONCENTRATION LEVEL DIATOM(4,1)|CONSTANT AGITATION(4,1)|CONSTANT DILUTION(4,1)|DECLINE(4,1)|DEFICIENT NUTRIENT FEED POINT(4,1)|DEHYDRATE(4,1)|DEPLETION RATE(4,1)|DISTILLATION TOWER(4,1)|DIVERSITY(4,1)|DOMESTIC ECONOMY(4,1)|DYNAMICS(4,1)|EFFLUENT(4,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC CORE DESIGN(4,1)|ENCAPSULATION(4,1)|ENERGY CONTENT(4,1)|ENERGY INFORMATION(4,1)|ENGINEERED PROTEIN(4,1)|EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE(4,1)|FATTY ACID EXTRACTION(4,1)|FED BATCH INTRODUCTION(4,1)|FEEDSTOCK COST(4,1)|FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION COST(4,1)| | (US8628948)|What is claimed is:|1. A vessel comprising:| a semi-permeable exterior wall, wherein the semi-permeable exterior wall selectively retains a microorganism over water-soluble nutrients;| a baffle for directing flow within the vessel in a recirculating pattern when fluid is passed through the vessel; and| a self-orienting mechanism capable of orienting the direction of the vessel with respect to the direction of a current flow when the vessel is positioned in a current.|2. The vessel of claim 1, further comprising a magnet or electromagnet that is at least partially enclosed by the semi-permeable exterior wall.|3. The vessel of claim 2, wherein the magnet or electromagnet spans the vessel's width.|4. The vessel of claim 1, further comprising a sieved gate that is at least partially enclosed by the semi-permeable exterior wall, wherein the sieved gate is movable between a blocking position and an open position.|5. A vessel comprising:| a buoyant top;| a buoyancy-controlled base; and| a semi-permeable mesh material connecting the buoyant top to the buoyancy-controlled base, wherein the semi-permeable mesh material selectively retains a microorganism over water-soluble nutrients.|6. The vessel of claim 5, further comprising a magnet or electromagnet.|7. The vessel of claim 6, wherein the magnet or electromagnet forms a coil.|8. The vessel of claim 5, wherein the semi-permeable mesh material is collapsible.|9. The vessel of claim 5, wherein the buoyancy-controlled base is movable with respect to the buoyant top.|10. The vessel of claim 9, wherein the buoyancy-controlled base includes one or more compartment that is capable of being filled with gas that causes the buoyancy-controlled base to rise.|11. The vessel of claim 9, further comprising one or more reinforcing beam that limits the mobility of the buoyancy-controlled base to a vertical direction.|12. The vessel of claim 1, wherein said vessel is configured for constant replenishment of said water-soluble nutrients.|13. The vessel of claim 1, wherein said vessel is configured for constant dilution of waste materials secreted by said microorganism.|14. The vessel of claim 1, wherein said vessel is configured to use the kinetic energy of said current flow for mixing of said water-soluble nutrients and said microorganism.|15. The vessel of claim 1, wherein said baffle is configured to direct said flow within said vessel in said recirculating pattern via a Venturi effect.|16. The vessel of claim 1, wherein said vessel is configured to use the kinetic energy of said current flow to concentrate said microorganism.|17. The vessel of claim 1, further comprising a gate that controls the flow of said fluid as said fluid enters said vessel.|18. The vessel of claim 1, wherein said vessel is configured such that, during fluid flow through said vessel, said fluid modulates the temperature of said microorganism.|19. The vessel of claim 2, wherein said electromagnet is configured to retain magnetic materials capable of inducing growth of said microorganism. | (US8628948)|CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|[0001] This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/183,447, filed Jun. 2, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/263,340, filed Nov. 20, 2009, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.|(US8628948)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0002] Unfortunately, the United States' economy and lifestyle are based on having a steady and inexpensive petroleum hydrocarbon supply available for import from foreign sources. Consequently, this petroleum supply and demand dynamic will siphon more and more hard capital and jobs from the domestic economy as the century progresses due to diminishing crude oil reserves. Earth's crude oil reserves are large but finite in volume. Many scientists predict that crude oil production from proven reserves will peak within this century. The decline in production will adversely affect the United States' oil-based economy and lifestyle. Due to impending fossil fuel supply issues this century, the U.S. continues to shift significant resources to identify realistic and economically viable avenues to produce a domestic renewable hydrocarbon equivalent.|[0003] Initially, U.S. scientists focused on using fatty acids from terrestrial plants and animals to make biodiesel fuels. The biodiesel produced is a compatible substitute for fossil fuel diesel but not close to being a robust inexpensive equivalent. The main issues with using terrestrial plant and animal fatty acids are:| - These feedstocks are expensive and account for as much as 80% of the fuel's cost. According to Anthony Radich and Rudy Pruszko, the best way to reduce renewable diesel and jet fuel production cost is by lowering feedstock cost. See, e.g., Pruszko, R (2007), “Alternative Feedstocks and Biodiesel Production”, Presented at the Practical Biodiesel Blueprint Conference, Radich, A. (2004); “Biodiesel Performance, Costs, and Use” Energy Information Administration, p 4, Website http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/biodiesel/pdf/biodiesel.pdf, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.| - There are limited quantities of tallow, waste vegetable oil (WVO), and soybeans.| - Terrestrial feedstocks cultivation compete with other needs for land and water resources.| - Several plant feedstocks are also foods thus increasing the demand on a limited supply.|[0008] In order to address these issues, renewable fuel research has focused on microalgae cultivated in freshwater ponds and bioreactors because of their high yield per hectare as well as their high lipid and protein composition relative to other photoautotrophs. See, e.g., Ingole B S, Parulekar A H, (1995) “Biochemical-Composition Of Antartic Zooplankton From The Indian-Ocean Sector” Indian Journal Of Marine Sciences 24(2): 73-76, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The problems with using microalgae produced from land based aquacultures, ponds, and bioreactors are: high capital cost, high fresh water consumption, generates waste streams, not portable, and not easily scalable.|[0009] Therefore, a need exists for improved systems and methods for cultivating biomass. A further need exists for improved systems and methods for harvesting and processing biomass.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0010] The invention provides for terrestrial microalgae aquacultures and bioreactors that can be used to cultivate microalgae in open water environments to generate a steady and inexpensive feedstock. The systems, devices, and methods described herein can be used to produce renewable fuels, natural and engineered proteins, and for bioremediation.|[0011] The invention provides for improved growth and production of biomass in a vessel situated in open-water environment by retaining iron and iron compounds within the vessel.|[0012] The vessels can include semi-permeable membranes, magnetic fields, buoyancy controlled components, and/or baffles that allow for efficient and cost-effective growth and production of biomass. The vessels can be designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions, while allowing exchange of nutrients through the semi-permeable walls of the vessel.|[0013] In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a vessel can comprise a semi-permeable exterior wall, wherein the semi-permeable exterior wall selectively retains a microorganism over water-soluble nutrients; and a baffle for directing flow within the vessel in a recirculating pattern when fluid is passed through the vessel.|[0014] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a vessel may comprise a buoyant top; a buoyancy-controlled base; and a semi-permeable mesh material connecting the buoyant top to the buoyancy-controlled base, wherein the semi-permeable mesh material selectively retains a microorganism over water-soluble nutrients.|[0015] A system for producing biomass may be provided in accordance with another aspect of the invention. The system may include a vessel in an aquatic environment capable of growing a microorganism in an interior region enclosed therein, wherein the vessel has a semi-permeable material capable of retaining the microorganism in the interior region while allowing fluid from the aquatic environment to flow through. The system may also include a processing platform in fluid communication with the interior region of the vessel and configured to harvest the microorganism from the vessel.|[0016] One or more vessels can be secured to existing open-water structures, such as oil-well platforms, barges and boats, and shoreline. A mobile or fixed processing platform can be connected to the vessels to allow for processing of the biomass products.|[0017] An aspect of the invention provides a method for producing biomass. The method for producing biomass can include growing a microorganism in a vessel comprising a semi-permeable membrane in an aquatic environment; and retaining iron compounds within the vessel.|[0018] Other goals and advantages of the invention will be further appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and accompanying drawings. While the following description may contain specific details describing particular embodiments of the invention, this should not be construed as limitations to the scope of the invention but rather as an exemplification of preferable embodiments. For each aspect of the invention, many variations are possible as suggested herein that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A variety of changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit thereof.|INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE|[0019] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.|(US8628948)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0020] A better understanding of many of the features and advantages of the invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which many of the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:|[0021] FIG. 1 shows a vessel design that incorporates a magnetic core to retain ferromagnetic iron sulfate and a porous material exterior to (a) retain the oxidized iron, other trace metals, and the induced microalgae and (b) allow hydrophilic micronutrients to enter the vessel.|[0022] FIG. 2A shows a vessel with a compression mechanism, which permits bioreactor volume reduction in an extended state.|[0023] FIG. 2B shows the vessel shown in FIG. 2A in a compressed state.|[0024] FIG. 3A shows a vessel having a fiberglass composite top and based with a fiberglass mesh material that allows nutrients to be exchanged, while retaining marine microalgae within.|[0025] FIG. 3B shows an exposed electromagnetic solenoid and carbon dioxide bubbling from the fiberglass composite base.|[0026] FIG. 3C shows iron powder applied to a solenoid that can provide an induced magnetic field to orient and retain iron within the vessel.|[0027] FIG. 4A shows a top view of a two-liter vessel with a fiberglass fabric exterior and a centrally located electromagnet.|[0028] FIG. 4B shows a close-up top view of the two-liter vessel after three days.|[0029] FIG. 5 shows a vessel design incorporating baffles to circulate the microalgae through the vessel.|[0030] FIG. 6 shows an offshore aquaculture implementation to generate renewable hydrocarbon fuels and proteins.|[0031] FIG. 7 shows an implementation of vessels for nitrogen and phosphorous micronutrient bioremediation along rivers and tributaries prior to reaching coastal estuaries and deltas.|[0032] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting microalgae processing into hydrocarbon fuels and purified proteins.|[0033] FIG. 9 shows a vessel base with an electromagnetic solenoid for producing a magnetic field and fluidic connections for providing a stream of carbon dioxide.|[0034] FIG. 10A shows a vessel for plankton cultivation having a collapsible magnetic coil.|[0035] FIG. 10B shows top view of a biomass processing system having a plurality of vessels connected to a processing platform that allows for farming of open water, e.g., the ocean.|[0036] FIG. 11 shows a table with calculations for determining the number of vessels required to produce 5 million gallons per year at various final concentrations of microalgae.|[0037] FIG. 12A shows an electromagnetic core design having a single electromagnet that can produce a constant and large enough electromagnetic field to ensure that trace metals remain in the vessel that can compress and extend with the vessel.|[0038] FIG. 12B shows an electromagnetic core having a first electromagnet positioned at the perimeter of the vessel and a second electromagnet positioned at the center of the vessel to promote mixing and/or movement of trace metals between the electromagnets.|[0039] FIG. 13 shows equations relating to the scaling of biomass production.|[0040] FIG. 14 shows a table showing system scaling based on final vessel plankton concentration and the US daily petroleum distillate consumption.|(US8628948)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0041] While preferable embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention.|[0042] The invention provides systems and methods for cultivating, harvesting, and processing biomass. Various aspects of the invention described herein may be applied to any of the particular applications set forth below or for any other types of feedstock. The invention may be applied as a standalone system or method, or as part of a biofuel or biomass production system or method. It shall be understood that different aspects of the invention can be appreciated individually, collectively, or in combination with each other.|[0043] The invention provides for various designs, methods, and systems that allow for the goals set forth herein for the growth of one or more microbial organism and the various beneficial effects of the growth, including the production of a renewable fuel, remediation, and production of proteins. The invention provides for design features that will improve the specific growth rates, product density/specificity, and prevent trace metals from being diluted by ocean or open-water currents. These features and combinations of these features have not been incorporated in prior ocean enclosure systems. See, e.g., Brockmann U H, Dahl E, Kuiper J, et al. (1983). “The Concept Of Poser (Plankton Observation With Simultaneous Enclosures In Rosfjorden)” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 14 (1): 1-8; S. Takeda, J. N., C. S. Wong, F. A. Whitney, W. K. Johnson, and T. J. Soutar. (1999). “Application of open-ocean enclosures to study the control of biological carbon dioxide pump in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean.” Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium Carbon Dioxide in the Oceans: 583-586; and Wang, J. K. (2003). “Conceptual Design of a Microalgae-based recirculating oyster and shrimp system. Aquacultural Engineering 28: 37-46, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.|[0044] FIG. 1 shows an example of an open-water enclosure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. A collapsible porous material 100 may be provided that may allow sea water to pass through but does not allow biomass to diffuse through. The collapsible porous material may be mesh netting. Open-water enclosures can utilize mesh netting with small pore sizes. For example, mesh netting may utilize pore sizes less than 30 μm. Mesh of this size may allow continuous nutrient replenishment through the mixing by ocean currents, which captures the microalgae product. The mesh netting can be of any pore size and/or material that allows for selection against loss of trace metals and biomass while allowing transport of other nutrients. The selection may be charge, size, and/or hydophobicity/hydrophilicity based.|[0045] An open water enclosure may include a magnetic core 102. In some embodiments, the magnetic core may be a collapsible magnetic coil.|[0046] A large buoyant top 104 to support the structure can be incorporated. The top structure may or may not enclose the vessel. In some embodiments, the top structure may be an air filled hollow cap. In some embodiments, the structure may include a buoyancy controlled bottom 106. Optionally, the vessel may include one or more reinforcement beams 108a, 108b, 108c. |[0047] Open ocean/water cultivation can allow for following advantages:| - Free nutrients,| - Free kinetic energy for mixing,| - Free organism cooling and hydration,| - The ocean's vast surface area eliminates natural scaling limitations, and/or| - Portability and ease of implementation in most ocean environments.|[0053] As a result of these advantages, the products generated, including renewable fuels, can be produced for significantly less cost. A hydrocarbon equivalent can also be produced at a significantly lower cost by various processes, including hydrotreating an oil extract.|[0054] Hydrotreating oil extracts allows for the production of a renewable diesel that can:| - Be a biofuel indistinguishable from petroleum diesel,| - Be a drop-in replacement for or can be blended to any proportion with traditional diesel,| - Be used in any proportion in today's infrastructure from pipelines and storage to gas pumps and automobiles,| - Be used in any proportion,| - Has excellent stability and is not oxygenated,| - Offer superior cold flow properties making it more suitable for very cold climate conditions,| - Have higher energy content per volume compared to Biodiesel, and/or| - Offer lower fossil energy requirements and reduction of Green House Gases and NOx emissions.|[0063] Iron Fertilization|[0064] In some embodiments of the invention, vessels may be used to capture all or substantially all biological growth induced by iron fertilization, which can be accomplished by the exposure of the organism to trace metals that are confined within the vessel. Metals within the vessel may include reduced iron. In order to prevent the reduced iron from diffusing outside the vessel, the vessels may include an electromagnetic or permanent magnetic core designed to minimize reduced iron dilution by ocean currents or other currents. Other nonmagnetic metals and oxidized iron may be captured by a charged fiberglass material that may allow hydrophilic nutrients through but retain the microalgae and trace element. The material need not be made of fiberglass and can be formed from other materials that provide similar selection characteristics.|[0065] Microalgae may require iron to assist in converting carbon dioxide into sugars using light energy from the sun. The oceans iron concentrations are generally well below the levels required to induce exponential growth in marine algae. As a result, marine microalgae are by and large in a stationary phase until storms or other natural events transport iron from land sources to coastal waters. Trace metals, especially iron, are high beneficial for inducing microalgae growth in ocean environments. See, e.g., Martin J H, Coale K H, et al (1994), “Testing The Iron Hypothesis In Ecosystems Of The Equatorial Pacific-Ocean” Nature 371 (6493): 123-129; Coale, K H, and et al. (1996). “A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.” Nature 383: 495-501; Zhou G J, Bi Y H, Zhao X M, et al. (2009) “Algal Growth Potential And Nutrient Limitation In Spring In Three-Gorges Reservoir, China” Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 18(9): 1642-1647; Marchetti A, Varela D E, Lance V P, et al. (2010) “Iron and silicic acid effects on phytoplankton productivity, diversity, and chemical composition in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean” Limnology and Oceanography 55(1):11-29; Coale, K H (1991). “Effects of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc enrichments on productivity and biomass in the subarctic Pacific” Limnology and Oceanography 36: 1851-1864; and Coale K H, Johnson K S, Chavez F P, et al. (2004). “Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment: Carbon Cycling in High- and Low-Si Waters.” Science 304(5669): 408-414 (herein after the “2004 Coale paper”), which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Artificially elevating iron concentrations in the open ocean is one key to inducing marine microalgae growth as a feedstock for industrial scale renewable diesel and jet fuel production.|[0066] In the 2004 Coale paper, microalgae growth was induced by adding iron sulfate to 0.7 nM in a 225 km2 area in the arctic polar front zone of the southern seas. The microalgae eventually covered approximate 2400 km2 after 20 days of growth. Assuming the microalgae had at least a depth of 10 m and a density of at least 1 μg/L, this can yield a wet microalgae biomass of approximately 26.5 tons. In some embodiments, algae growth can be tailored toward biological sequestration of carbon dioxide. In other embodiments, algae growth can be tailored toward the production of a renewable fuel feedstock.|[0067] In order to control the cultivation and harvesting of the microalgae induced by iron fertilization, several vessels can be utilized with the following design goals:| - To contain microalgae and iron while allowing hydrophilic nutrients to pass between the vessel and the surrounding environment.| - To concentrate microalgae 15 x prior to harvesting in order to reduce the volume of seawater to be processed and discarded and in turn to reduce the energy requirements to process the microalgae.|[0070] In some embodiments, the goal can be to capture all biological growth induced by iron fertilization, which can be accomplished by allowing the organism to be exposed to the trace metals only in the confines of the vessel.|[0071] Vessel Design|[0072] A semi-closed plankton cultivation and processing system, including a vessel, is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 10A. The system can include a control system (not shown) for analyzing and processing, among other things, environmental conditions, nutrient parameters and vessel status. This vessel has several innovations that improve the specific growth rates, product density/specificity, contain (or capture) organisms to be grown, and prevent trace metals from being diluted by ocean currents.|[0073] In some embodiments, the vessel may have a substantially cylindrical shape. For example, a cross-sectional area of the vessel may have a circular shape. In other embodiments, the vessel may have any other shape, which may include a prism with a square cross sectional shape, diamond cross-sectional shape, rectangular cross-sectional shape, triangular cross-sectional shape, pentagonal cross-sectional shape, hexagonal cross-sectional shape, octagonal cross-sectional shape, or elliptical cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the vessel cross-sectional shape may correspond to a shape of a top apparatus and/or bottom base.|[0074] The vessel may include a collapsible porous material 100 that may allow sea or ocean water to pass through without allowing biomass to diffuse through. In some embodiments, the collapsible porous material may be a mesh netting. The collapsible porous material may be formed from a fabric or textile, such as a cotton canvas material. In some embodiments, the porous material may be formed of a synthetic, non-synthetic, or blended fiber. The porous material may be formed of one or more materials. The porous material may be a filtration membrane. The porous material may be flexible enough to allow stirring by ocean currents. In some embodiments, the porous material may be porous enough to allow sea/ocean/surrounding water to diffuse through. The material may also be dense enough to contain product within the vessel, by making its diffusion timescale sufficiently large. Various embodiments of the porous material are discussed further below.|[0075] The collapsible porous material may surround a magnetic core 102. In some embodiments, the magnetic core may be one or more collapsible magnetic coil. The magnetic core may include any magnetic material. Preferably, the magnetic material may have a shape or configuration that may enable it to collapse in a vertical direction. For example, it may include a coil, telescoping features, sliding features, folding features, accordion-type features, small loose components, or other configurations that enable collapsing. Various embodiments of the magnetic core are discussed further below.|[0076] The collapsible porous material may be provided between a top apparatus 104 and a bottom base 106 of the vessel. One or more reinforcing beams 108a, 108b, 108c may be provided between the top apparatus and the bottom base.|[0077] The exterior vessel design incorporates innovative ideas to reduce energy consumption and operating cost requirements. One feature is a buoyant top apparatus to support the structure. In some embodiments, the top apparatus may be filed with air. In other embodiments, the top may be filled with another gas or material that may have less density than water. In some embodiments, the top may be hollow or may include pores that may trap air or other gases. The top apparatus may be formed of any material or have any configuration that may allow the top apparatus to float on the ocean's surface.|[0078] The concept significantly improves the functionality of the vessel by adding a buoyancy controlled base as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 10A. FIG. 2A shows that when the base 200 is filled with water, it expands the cultivation volume/depth of the vessel. In some embodiments, the vessel may be expanded so that the base reaches of a depth of 30 m. In other embodiments, when the vessel is expanded, the base may be at any depth, which may include but is not limited to about, up to about, or greater than about 100 m, 70 m, 50 m, 40 m, 35 m, 30 m, 25 m, 20 m, 15 m, 10 m, 7 m, or 5 m.|[0079] Once the biomass has reached a predetermined density, air is pumped into the base 200 causing the cultivation volume/depth to decrease as the base rises. The base may be brought closer to a top 202 of the vessel. As the vessel approaches the compressed state in FIG. 2B, the product concentration increases by as much as 15 x . In some embodiments, the concentration can increase about, up to about, or greater than about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 x . Concentration can be achieved by flow or efflux of water, such as seawater, through a semi-permeable meshing 204. This critical processing step significantly reduces the volume of seawater and in turn reduces the energy requirements for the pumps and dewatering centrifuges during biomass processing.|[0080] Semi-Permeable Meshing|[0081] A variety of materials may be chosen for the flexible porous material that allows seawater to pass freely but impedes plankton (or other biomass or fuel) diffusion out of the vessel. In some embodiments, the vessel includes a porous material that may be constructed of Nitex netting with a pore size less than 20 ∥m, a fiberglass upper portion, and a lower buoyancy control base. The netting can be protected from rips by something similar to a high density cotton canvas exterior. Polyamine and polyethylene netting material with pores less than 20 μm can be used. Other materials can also be used. One, two, three, four, or more layers of flexible porous material may be provided. In some embodiments, the layers may be formed of the same material, while in other embodiments, the layers may be formed of different materials. In some instances, the layers may have the same pore size, while in other instances, the layers may have different pore sizes.|[0082] Functionally, the mesh may allow for transport of water and other small molecules through the mesh and retention of organisms to be grown, such as those described herein. The mesh may be a semi-permeable exterior wall that selectively retains the organisms over water-soluble nutrients. For example, the wall can retain more organisms than water-soluble nutrients. For example, the wall can retain 2 x , 3 x , 5 x , 10 x , 15 x , 20 x , 30 x , 40 x , 50 x , 70 x , 100 x , 200 x , 500 x , 1000 x or more organisms than water-soluble nutrients by mass, concentration or volume. The prototype can be tested in a 3 million gallon closed water environment at Moss Landing Commercial Park (MLCP) for construction and material quality. A plankton concentration time course can be conducted by inoculating the vessel interior with plankton so that a initial vessel concentration of 1 g/L is achieved and measure for Chlorophyll a (Chl a) inside and outside the vessel.|[0083] Not only for efficiency concerns, but also for environmental concerns, the semi-permeable material can be selected to minimize the transport of biological mass to the surrounding environment. The correct combination of materials and construction can be achieved when the baseline Chl a levels in the seawater are maintained outside the vessel while maintaining close to the original 1 g/L plankton concentration inside the vessel.|[0084] Magnetic Core Design|[0085] Trace metals, especially iron, are the key to inducing plankton growth in ocean environments. Since the goal is to capture all biological growth induced by iron fertilization, it may be desirable for organism exposure to the trace metals to occur only in the confines of the vessel. In order to prevent the trace metals from diffusing outside the vessel, an electromagnetic core designed to minimize trace metal dilution by ocean currents is provided. Para- and ferromagnetic particles may be retained within the vessel.|[0086] Examples of potential electromagnetic cores are depicted FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B. The one electromagnetic field in FIG. 12A is constant and large enough to insure that the trace metals, especially iron, remain in the vessel. A one-coil design may include a magnetic coil that may compress and extend with a vessel. It may be possible to tailor trace metal concentrations to the prevailing organism growth conditions by varying the electromagnetic field intensity as a form of controlled release. An alternative is the design in FIG. 12B that incorporates an electromagnetic field at the perimeter and in the center of the vessel. A two-coil design may be provided, which may compress and extend with the vessel. Alternating the electromagnetic field between the two electromagnets promotes trace metal mixing within the vessel while preventing them from being diluted.|[0087] One or more electromagnetic coils may be in electrical communication with a power source. The power source may be part of the vessel or may be external to the vessel.|[0088] As previously described, a magnetic core may include a magnet or electromagnet that may be compressible or collapsible. The magnetic core can preferably be compressible or collapsible in a vertical direction.|[0089] The magnetic core may be enclosed by the vessel. For example, the magnetic core may be enclosed by a semi-permeable or porous material. The magnetic core may be entirely closed by the semi-permeable or porous material. In some embodiments, the magnetic core may be at least partially enclosed by the semi-permeable or porous material.|[0090] Exemplary Vessel Designs|[0091] One embodiment of a vessel is shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2A and 2B. A vessel can have one or more of the following design features:| - Variable and/or collapsible electromagnetic core to retain the reduced iron sulfate as shown in FIG. 1.| - Constant replenishing of hydrophilic nutrients.| - Constant dilution of waste organic acids excreted by the microalgae.| - Culture never dehydrates or over heats.| - Concentrates organism by reducing vessel volume as shown in FIG. 2.|[0097] The vessel, as shown in FIG. 1, may have a maximal volume of 9.4 million liters, a diameter of 20 meters, and a height that can be adjusted from 2 meters to 30 meters. The vessel may contain a compressible or collapsible magnetic or electromagnetic core 102 that can facilitate retention of trace metals, e.g., magnetic trace metals, or iron. The vessel may be cylindrical in shape or any other suitable shape. Any discussion herein of a cylindrical shape may apply to any other shape and vice versa.|[0098] The circumferential walls 100 of the vessel may be made of a mesh material that allows selective transport of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen, phosphorous, water, waste products, trace metals, and biomass. The mesh material may be made of fiberglass with a particular pore size. In some embodiments, the porous material may be made of a plastic, a metal, a glass, an organic material, or any combination thereof that has the desired selectivity. In some embodiments of the meshes or nettings, or porous materials described herein can be fabricated using fiberglass fabric, carbon fiber fabric, polyethylene, polyvinylacetate, or hydrophilic polymer. These materials can be woven. In some embodiments of the invention, these materials can be charged, e.g., fiberglass fabric. Some other examples of materials include, e.g., a durable and inexpensive high density cotton canvas material, a filtration membrane, a metallic sheet, any woven hydrophilic fabric or polymer (e.g., woven polypropylene, woven polyethylene), or membrane with a selected pore size. Selected pore sizes include any pore size of about or up to about 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, or 5000 microns. In some embodiments, the pore size may be variable or uniform across the surface of the mesh material or into the mesh material. Alternatively, pore size may vary within the mesh material. The pores may be evenly distributed over the mesh material, may be grouped into clusters, or may have any other distribution over the mesh material.|[0099] As stated previously, the selectivity can be achieved by pore size, charge, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, magnetism, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the selectivity is obtained by providing for a material that has a relatively greater diffusion time for the biomass and other materials to be retained as compared to materials that are to be exchanged with the surrounding environment.|[0100] The top 104 of the vessel and the base 106 of the vessel can be connected in a variety of manners. In some embodiments, the top and base are connected only by the cylindrical walls 100 of the vessel. An interior region of the vessel may be enclosed by the cylindrical walls and/or the top and base. The cylindrical walls may or may not be flexible and/or collapsible. In some embodiments, the cylindrical walls are rigid. The top and base of the vessel can be movable with respect to one another. They may be movable in a vertical direction. They may or may not be movable in a horizontal direction. In one example, when organisms are contained within the vessel, the top and base of the vessel may be brought into closer proximity with one another. The top and base may be brought into closer proximity while the walls are collapsed. The walls may optionally be collapsed without expanding horizontally. In some embodiments, the walls may be collapsed while maintaining a substantially same cross-sectional area enclosed therein. This may reduce the volume within the vessel. Reducing the volume of the vessel may result in increasing concentration of the organism therein.|[0101] In other embodiments, the top and base are connected by the cylindrical walls and one or more reinforcing beams 108a, 108b, 108c. In some embodiments, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more reinforcing beams may be provided. The reinforcing beams can provide for a rigid connection between top and base, while the cylindrical walls can remain flexible. The one or more reinforcing beams can limit them mobility of the base with respect to the top. For example, the reinforcing beam can limit the mobility of the base with respect to the top in a vertical direction. The base may move along the rigid reinforcing beams (as shown in FIG. 2) and/or the rigid cylindrical walls such that the base moves vertically and is prevented from translating horizontally away from the top of the vessel. In some embodiments, the reinforcing beams may remain fixed with respect to the top of the vessel, and the base may slide with respect to the reinforcing beams. Alternatively, the reinforcing beams may be fixed with respect to the base of vessel, and the reinforcing beams may slide with respect to the top of the vessel. In other embodiments the reinforcing beams may be movable with respect to both the top and bottom of the vessel. In some embodiments, the top and/or bottom may include one or more vertical channel or passage that may be capable of sliding with respect to the reinforcing beam. In other embodiments, the top and/or bottom of the vessel may be provided between the reinforcing beams. The top and/or bottom of the vessel may be configured to remain at a substantially fixed horizontal/lateral position with respect to the reinforcing beams.|[0102] The position of the vessel base relative to the top of the vessel can be controlled in a variety of manners, e.g., buoyancy and/or mechanically controlled. In some embodiments, the base and the top of the vessel may be buoyancy controlled. The top of the vessel may be an air filled hollow cap and the base of the vessel may be negatively buoyant. The base may also have one or more compartments that allow for buoyancy control. In some embodiments, the compartments may be or may contain bladders that can hold air or another gas. Once the bladders are filled with gas, the base may become positively buoyant and cause the base to rise toward the top of the vessel. The bladders can be filled in a manner such that the rate of vessel volume reduction or expansion is controlled. This may be important to increase the selectivity of porous cylindrical walls, e.g., to selectively allow transport of water and other undesired materials across the porous walls and retain iron and biomass. The bladders may be in communication with one or more gas source. For example, one or more hose or channel may connect the bladders to a gas source. In some embodiments, a pump, or positive pressure source may be provided to force gas into the bladders to raise the base. The bladders may also be in communication with one or more gas vent, when it is desirable to lower the base. The bladders may vent directly to the surrounding water, or may be connected to a remote venting location via a hose or channel. In some embodiments, the remote venting location may be the same as, or different from, the gas source.|[0103] In some embodiments, a vessel base may be raised and/or lowered via one or more mechanical actuator. For example, the base and/or top may move relative to a reinforcing beam via an actuator. Examples of actuators may include but are not limited to, motors, solenoids, linear actuators, pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, electric actuators, piezoelectric actuators, or magnets. Actuators may cause the base and/or reinforcing beam to move based on a signal received from a control system. The actuators may or may not be connected to a power source.|[0104] FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, and 4B show an example of a vessel described herein. The electromagnetic vessel can be referred to as the Iron Fertilization Vessel (IFV). A 1st generation 2 L prototype IFV (FIG. 3A) has been built and has successfully been shown to confine growth to IVF's interior (FIGS. 4A and 4B), to limit iron exposure to the IVF's interior by inducing an electromagnetic field (FIG. 3C), to concentrate the culture 3 x prior to harvesting by compressing IFV's volume, and to blow carbon dioxide gas from the base (FIG. 3B). FIG. 4A shows the 2 L vessel prior to incubation in water (t=0). FIG. 4B shows the 2 L vessel after three days of incubation in water. The grey matter is the reduced iron powder attached to the magnet. Red matter on the walls of the fiberglass fabric is mostly oxidized iron retained by the fiberglass fabric. The oily substance present throughout the interior of the vessel shown in FIG. 4B may indicate the presence and/or growth of microalgae.|[0105] The 1st generation IFV prototype is equipped with a two ply of an 8.5 oz 2 x 2 twill weave fiberglass mesh, a fiberglass composite top, and buoyancy controlled base, as shown in FIG. 3A. A fiberglass fabric may be selected as the mesh material because it is a strong, flexible, and hydrophilic material that allows nutrients to be replenished and simultaneously contain the microalgae inside the vessel. The fiberglass composite buoyancy control base can have two internal compartments. The upper compartment can be used to blow carbon dioxide from the base. The lower compartment can be filled with seawater during the growth phase to maximize surface area in which nutrients can diffuse across. The lower compartment can be filled with air during the harvesting phase to concentrate the algae by decreasing the IFV's volume prior to processing and/or harvesting the marine algae.|[0106] The vessel can include an electromagnetic core designed to retain the iron additions to the IFV, as shown in FIG. 3C. The electromagnetic coil in the 1st generation 2 L prototype consisted of two wires wrapped around an iron core with opposite polarities. A timing circuit can allow the current to alternate between the two wires, thus changing the direction of the magnetic field. The wave function in the magnetic field causes the iron to oscillate between the two ends of the solenoid allowing it to mix with the aqueous media and algae inside the vessel.|[0107] The electromagnetic field strength is approximated by Ampere's Law as B=μoηI, where μo is the permeability of the core, 11 is the number of turns per unit length, and I is the current. The B field strength is directly proportional to the current. The current can be regulated by changing the resistance in the circuit. Once the magnetic field has been induced, its magnitude is determined by a calibrated Hall Effect sensor. The magnetic field exerting at least 6.4 mT can retain reduced iron inside the vessel 6.4 mT, as shown in FIG. 3C.|[0108] The invention also provides for designs that can be utilized to streamline the vessel's functionality and operation by increasing circulation and/or mixing within a vessel, as shown in FIG. 5. For example, the vessel can be designed to mimic fresh water raceway pond functionality but in a vertical fashion. Increased circulation can allow for better mixing of nutrients and allow for desired or selected exposure of the microalgae to sunlight. The mixing and flow dynamics can be controlled by the design of the vessel dimensions and shape. Baffles within the vessel can be used to control fluid velocity and volumetric flow rates for liquid flowing in a recirculating pattern within the vessel and for liquids flowing through the vessel. The current in the surrounding environment can also be utilized to prevent fouling of the mesh materials by directed current flow across the mesh material or by powering a mechanical cleaning device. In some embodiments, the current can be used to generate power, which can be utilized by the vessel itself in any form, or by the processing platform.|[0109] To afford protection from the elements, the vessel, including the semi-permeable walls, can be rigid. In some embodiments of the invention, one wall can be rigid and the other can be flexible. The vessel can be designed to be resistant to damage by weather, current, or any large objects in the surrounding environment. The vessel can be designed to be rigid and protective, while not substantially restricting flow into and out of the vessel from the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the vessel can be buoyancy controlled to allow the vessel to be submersed during inclement weather. Buoyancy control can be achieved by the top portion, the base, or any combination thereof.|[0110] Loss of microorganism and other nutrients through the upstream or current-facing side of the vessel is less of a concern than loss through the down-stream facing portion. In some embodiments, the up stream or current-facing side of the vessel can have a first pore size and the down-stream facing side portion can have pores of a second size that are smaller than the first size.|[0111] As shown in FIG. 5, a permanent magnet that spans the width of the vessel may be incorporated to increase the retentions time that the reduced iron sulfate (C) remains in the upper region of the vessel. The magnet can have a minimum field strength of 6.4 mT. In addition to a component for retaining iron, the vessel may also include components for retaining other nutrients. For example, the vessel may include mechanisms to concentrate nitrates and/or phosphates. The mechanism may include chromatography components, ion-exchange based materials, e.g., ion-exchange columns, and/or affinity based materials, e.g., affinity columns. Any of the vessels described herein may have components for concentration and/or retention of one or more nutrients, e.g., iron, nitrate, and/or phosphate compounds.|[0112] Stainless steel sieved gate (shown as dashed lines between C and A in FIG. 5) with a pore size less than the organism. In some embodiments, the gate is enclosed by the vessel. For example, the gate may be entirely enclosed by the vessel, or at least partially enclosed by the vessel. The gate may be movable between a blocking position and an open position. The gate may be lifted or moved out of a blocking position to an open position to allow the organism to circulate. The gate may be lowered or put in a blocking position to concentrate and harvest the organism (A). FIG. 5 shows the gate (dashed line) in a blocking position.|[0113] FIG. 5 indicates a deficient nutrient feed point (B). Feeds that are low in concentration in the surrounding environment can be added at point B. The deficient nutrients that can be fed to the vessel include any nutrient discussed herein. In some embodiments, the nutrients include iron, phosphate, and/or nitrate compounds. The iron can be fed as an iron compound, such as iron sulfate, or iron can be fed to the vessel as part of a biodegradable polymer or material that releases iron over time, as discussed herein. The biodegradable polymer or material can also include other nutrients, such as nitrate compounds and/or phosphate compounds. Nitrates can also be fed in the form of ammonium, ammonium ferrous(II) sulfate (magnetic), or ammonium bicarbonate. Nitrates and other nutrients can also be sourced from waste water, secondary waste water, run off, chicken feed, agricultural waste, or any low-cost nutrient source and then fed to the vessel. The nutrient feed can be controlled automatically or manually. The nutrient feeding may be controlled based on the concentration of the nutrient in the vessel, the growth rate and/or the concentration of the organism. A nutrient feeding component for feeding one or more nutrients can be included in any of the vessels described herein.|[0114] Uses the current's kinetic energy to thoroughly mix the micronutrients and the microalgae. The mixing of nutrients and algae can be achieved by baffles within the vessel that direct the fluid in a recirculating pattern. The vessel may be positioned within a flowing current. In FIG. 5, current flows into the vessel at the right-hand side (D right) and exits the vessel at the left-hand side (D left). The movement from right to left forces circulation within the vessel in the direction indicated by the arrows, which forms a recirculating pattern. The circulation can be created by a Venturi effect caused by the flux of fluid through the reactor from the upstream portion of the vessel to the downstream portion of the vessel. The amount of current flow used for circulation can be selected in a variety of manners, e.g., by altering the exposed surface area on the right hand side of the vessel and/or the surface area on the left-hand side D. In this configuration, the vessel has an upstream, or current-facing side and a downstream or a side that is not facing the current. If the current of the surrounding environment is fixed, the vessel may be fixed in a proper orientation. If the current is not fixed, then the directionality of the vessel may be controlled based on the current's direction. The control of the vessel's orientation can be automatic or manual.|[0115] As described above, orientation of the vessel relative to the current in the surrounding environment can plan an important factor in determining the circulation rate within the vessel. To account for this, the vessel can be designed such that the orientation of the vessel with respect to the direction of current flow can be controlled. A self-orienting mechanism capable of orienting the direction of the vessel can be provided. Mechanical features, such as vane-like features, can be used to self-correct or self-orient the direction of the vessel such that a desired flow of water through the vessel is achieved. For example, one or more fin, protrusion, channel, flap, or shaped feature can be provided for the vessel. A self-orienting mechanism can be provided in a stationary position relative to the vessel, or can be movable relative to the vessel.|[0116] In some embodiments, the vessel orientation with respect to the current is such that maximal flow through the vessel is achieved. In other embodiments, the vessel orientation can be such that flow through the vessel is lower than the maximal flow through the vessel. For example, if maximal flow is achieved by placing the incoming mesh side the vessel perpendicular to the flow, a lesser amount of flow can be achieved by placing the incoming mesh side at an orientation that is not perpendicular to current flow in the surrounding environment.|[0117] Uses the current's kinetic energy to concentrate the microalgae. Once the sieve gate shown in FIG. 5 is placed in a blocking position, the circulation, as described above, can be utilized to concentrate the microalgae against the sieve gate.|[0118] All the microalgae spend the same cumulative time in the sun exposure zone (between A and B in FIG. 5). The amount of time spent exposed to the sun can be controlled based on the circulation rate through the vessel and the cross-sectional area of the channels that allow exposure to the sun relative to the cross-sectional area of the other channels in the vessel.|[0119] The recirculation caused by the flux of water through the vessel maintains a constant microalgae density throughout the circulating/recirculating portion of the vessel.|[0120] The vessel shown in FIG. 5 can be designed for high Reynolds and Péclet number to insure it is in the convection regime for consistent nutrient and organism density.|[0121] The pivot point (G) shown in FIG. 5 can control the incoming water velocity. As described above, circulation may be controlled by a variety of manners. Here, an incoming water gate can control or restrict the rate of water entering the vessel.|[0122] If necessary, the vessel percolates or sparges carbon dioxide from the base (F) shown in FIG. 5 in an effort to achieve higher microalgae densities.|[0123] A hydrophilic, charged, porous material (D) shown in FIG. 5 can allow environmental micronutrients and waste organic acids to cross freely but contain the microalgae. This can be achieved by selecting an appropriate pore size, e.g., less than about 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100, or 150 μm pore size (or any other pore size described herein).|[0124] Organisms and Metabolic Engineering|[0125] While microalgae and plankton have been referred to as organisms to be grown within the vessels, a variety of organisms can be grown in the vessels described herein. These organisms can include plankton, diatoms, algae, phytoplankton, and zoo plankton. The organisms to be grown can be selected based on geographic considerations. The organism can be any autotrophic or photoautotrophic organism. In some embodiments, the organisms grown within the vessels are more than one type of organism. For example, symbiotic organisms can be grown in conjunction with each other, or one organism may be grown during a first phase and a second organism may be grown during a second phase. In some embodiments, the organisms grown in the vessel can include an organism that performs nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen-fixing organisms can be grown with algae or any other organism in a symbiotic relationship. Examples of organisms that perform nitrogen fixation include Richella intracellularis, nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, and Trichodesmium. |[0126] The organisms, e.g., microalgae, utilized herein can be metabolically engineered for the efficient conversion of the nutrients to further increase the microalgae growth rate, improve product yields, decrease vessel requirements, and maximize the overall system productivity. The microalgae can be engineered to: increase fatty acid content and renewable fuels, e.g., biodiesel, productivity, manufacture industrial enzymes, synthesize personal care/medicinal proteins, and/or manufacture specialized fuels, e.g., jet fuel.|[0127] Isolate Local Wild Type Strains and Seed Culture Growth|[0128] In some embodiments, a large microalgae seed culture can be inoculated at the time the iron is added to the vessel to accelerate microalgae growth relative to diatoms. Microalgae can be the dominant species grown and harvested due to its higher initial concentration. Local wild type strains, which may be preferred, can be used such that new species are not introduced into the local environment. Local microalgae and diatom strains can be characterized for specific growth and nutrient requirements. As well, environmental parameters can be determined such that microalgae or diatom growth can be selectively induced.|[0129] Processing Platform|[0130] The vessel products (e.g., biomass produced by growth of or production by organisms grown within the vessels) can be harvested using a processing platform 1010 (see FIG. 10B). The processing platform can be a mobile unit that can be connected to the vessels 1012 described herein. The processing platform may be in fluid communication with an interior region of one or more vessel. In some embodiments, the processing platform can be connected to the vessels via a connector 104. In some embodiments, a connector may be a hose, pipe, or channel. In some embodiments, the processing platform and/or vessels can include a pump, a positive pressure source, or a negative pressure source, to transfer organisms within the vessel to and/or from the processing platform. The processing platform can optionally connect to each vessel directly. Alternatively, the processing platform can connect to one or more hubs, which can connect to one or more vessel. A processing platform can be connected to any number of vessels, including but not limited to one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, twelve or more, fifteen or more, twenty or more, thirty or more, forty or more, or fifty or more vessels.|[0131] The processing platform can be located on a rig or an oil tanker. The processing platform can be located on a buoyant or floating support. The processing platform can also be located on land, which may be in close proximity to a body of water. For example, the processing platform can be located on a shoreline.|[0132] The processing platform can process organisms in real-time, after a certain period of time, or periodically. Lipids contained within organisms can be recovered and processed into biodiesel. Carbohydrates and proteins contained within the organisms can be collected and used in products for human or animal consumption. Seawater can be rejected and returned to the ocean. The processing platform can produce substantially no toxic or hazardous waste streams.|[0133] Methods|[0134] Microalgae Physiology:|[0135] The target culture density can be controlled. In some embodiments, the target control density is in the range of about 1 μg/L to 100 g/L, 100 μg/L to 50 g/L, or 1 to 10 g/L.|[0136] Nutrient uptake rates can be measured and accounted for to sustain selected growth rates or biomass production rates.|[0137] The waste organic acid accumulation rate can be measured and accounted for. The rate of waste organic acids transport out of the vessel through the permeable mesh membrane may also be controlled by adjusting the circulation rate, or by selecting preferred mesh materials.|[0138] The iron concentration can be measured and controlled. Iron concentration may be a limiting factor for growth or may provide a means to control growth rate.|[0139] The concentration of silica, nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon nutrients can also be measured and controlled. In some embodiments, these nutrients can pass through the membrane at a higher rate than iron and biomass. The concentration of silica, nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon nutrients can affect growth and productivity of the microalgae and a lower non-inhibitory concentration for these compounds can be determined.|[0140] The iron feed profile can be selected for a number of parameters. The iron feed profile can be adjusted based on the growth of the organism within the vessel, or the iron feed profile can be adjusted to maintain constant or varying iron concentration.|[0141] In some embodiments, various strains may have different specificity for different iron compounds. The iron compound used can be selected for efficient growth of the organism of choice of vice-versa, the organism can be selected for efficient growth using a predetermined iron compound.|[0142] The production of renewable fuel and protein yield per gram iron can be measured and optimized based on other parameters described herein.|[0143] Various environmental parameters that naturally select for and maximize specific growth rate can be monitored and accounted for.|[0144] Iron Fertilization Vessel|[0145] Iron containment and the concentration of iron within the vessel may be measured using optical density or chelating/pH measurements on samples taken inside and outside the vessel.|[0146] Microalgae containment may be measured using optical density measurements from samples taken inside and outside the vessel during growth experiments.|[0147] Membrane material investigation can be selected such that it is durable and hydrophilic.|[0148] Vessel Automation, Sampling and Processing|[0149] In some embodiments, LCMS can be used to measure water samples upstream and downstream of the vessels. Other parameters that can be measured include optical density (to determine the concentration of the culture), iron concentration in the culture, and culture pH. These procedures, including sampling and processing of the biomass using the methods described herein, can be automated.|[0150] Organism Selection and Preparation|[0151] The following provides one example of organism selection and preparation. First, local sea water can be retrieved, which may include seawater from the Sea Cliff Beach Pier in the Monterey Bay, to be used as a first source of seawater. Low silicate sea water can be used as a second source of seawater. Iron may be added to each sea water type to bring its iron concentration to 5 nM. 1 mM sodium bicarbonate can be added to each sea water type as a substitute for CO2 gas. Both sea water stocks can be filtered with a 0.2 μm hydrophilic membrane. 15 g agar can be added to 500 mL of each sea water stock. The agar may be dissolved by microwaving until everything it is melted. The sea water stocks can be removed from the microwave and shaken. The petri dishes can be filled to about half full. The petri dishes can be let to solidify and stored upside down in a cold room.|[0152] Next, unfiltered local marine water can be streaked on both plate types. They may be incubated on the bench in the presence of a constant full spectrum light source. From the filtered local marine water plates, an isolated diatom colony may be picked and streaked on new local marine water plates. From the low silicate plates, an isolated microalgae colony may be picked and streaked new low silicate plates. These plates may be incubated until single colonies grow. A single diatom or microalgae colony can be picked from a plate and a sterile test tube filled with 5 ml of filtered local marine water stock and with 5 nM Fe and 1 mM NaHCO3 (Solution C) can be inoculated. This may be incubated in a shaker with a full spectrum light source present until the culture reach 1 OD at 600 nm. Next, a sterile 500 mL flask filled with 50 mL of Solution C and all 5 mL of the first generation seed culture can be inoculated. This can be incubated in a shaker in the presence of a full spectrum light source present until it reaches 1 OD at 600 nm. The secondary seed culture should either be (i) used to inoculate a closed water time-course experiment and/or (ii) split into a master stock for each specimen.|[0153] Electromagnetic Intensity|[0154] The minimum electromagnetic field required to bind the bulk of the trace metals can be determined. In a clear fresh water tank with constant agitation, the electromagnetic potential can be maximized to bind all the trace metals to the sealed coil. Starting from the maximum potential, the electromagnetic potential may be incrementally decreased until trace metals start to release from the coil allows for the determination of the minimum electromagnetic field required to bind the trace metals. After each field adjustment, a spectrophotometer measurement at 595 nm can be taken. This can continue until the spectrophotometer readings increase 10% over or under the baseline.|[0155] Iron Compound Selection|[0156] Introducing iron into an ocean environment typically induces the largest biological response of all the trace metals. Iron sulfate has been the substrate used in most open water fertilization experiments. However, it may not be the best choice because it induces the growth of both plankton and diatoms. Based on the multiple composition profiles in the literature, plankton is preferred over diatoms because it has a significantly larger lipid and protein composition. The diatom composition is skewed towards ash/fertilizer products. Therefore, an iron compound that is preferentially selected by plankton may be preferred.|[0157] A selected iron compound can be chosen by performing laboratory growth time course experiments using different iron compounds and 0.2 μm filtered seawater. The idea is to maximize plankton specific growth while minimizing the diatoms' at the same time. Also fed-batch introduction of the iron compound may promote plankton growth over diatoms.|[0158] Iron compounds can be selected for specificity for diatoms and microalgae. As well, the amount of iron can be selected such that a minimal amount of iron is used to maintain a desired growth rate. Iron concentrations can be about or up to about, or at least about 5.00, 2.50, 1.25, 0.63, 0.31, 0.16, 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, or 0.005 nM iron.|[0159] In some embodiments of the invention, the iron compound is formed within a biodegradable material. The biodegradable material can be any suitable polymer that allows for desired release of iron compound at the proper concentration. The biodegradable material can allow for time-release of the iron compound and can also allow for the iron compound to be encapsulated within a large particle that will not pass through the semi-permeable walls of the vessel. Furthermore, encapsulation of the iron compound can reduce or prevent oxidation of the iron compound. Oxidation of the iron compound can change the magnetic properties of the iron.|[0160] The following is an exemplary procedure to test for desired iron concentration:|[0161] First, make a stock local sea water solution with 1 mM sodium bicarbonate (Solution A), a carbon source substitute for the CO2 gas. Add iron sulfate to 250 mL of the Solution A to achieve a concentration of 5 nM (Solution B). Achieve the above growth media iron concentrations by serially diluting Solution A with Solution B. Add iron contain solutions to test tubes and inoculate with the appropriate strains. Incubate the test tubes in the presence of a continuous full spectrum light source. From the above experiment, the highest iron concentration level that will induce microalgae and impede diatom exponential growth (lowest concentration level diatoms) can be determined.|[0162] Maximize Microalgae/Plankton Specific Growth Rate|[0163] Iron is one of the first limiting compounds in ocean environments (See, e.g., Scharek R, Van Leeuwe M A, De Baar H J W (1997). “Responses of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton To The Addition Of Trace Metals” Deep-Sea Research II Vol. 44 (1-2): 209-227). Once iron is supplemented, the next limiting trace metal or nutrient can be identified. Utilizing microbial physiology, plankton specific growth rate can be maximized by supplementing quickly depleted nutrients and/or trace metals to the vessel. In essence, the vessel can be used as an open-water fermenter to achieve high growth rates and plankton density. After maximizing growth by regulating extracellular factors, the plankton can be metabolically engineered for the efficient conversion of the nutrients to further increase the plankton growth rate, improve product yields, decrease vessel requirements, and maximize the overall system productivity.|[0164] Time-courses can be conducted to track the depletion rates of important nutrients and trace metals by microalgae, diatoms and other organisms. Depleted nutrients can be fed at a rate that sufficiently alleviates the observed rate-limiting factor that occurs during the exponential growth phase. At that point, a new rate limiting compound can be identified and fed accordingly. This process of identifying and feeding deficient nutrient can repeat itself until the predetermined growth rate is achieved or all the environmental parameter modification options have been exhausted.|[0165] In a 20-55 L closed water environment, add filter sterilized local sea water with 1 mM sodium bicarbonate or blow carbon dioxide from the base of the 2 L prototype as shown in FIG. 9. At time zero, inoculate the vessel interior with the 50 mL seed culture and start feeding iron and other depleted nutrients. The feed rate of the iron and depleted nutrients will be ramped up according to their utilization profile from previous experiments and the current instantaneous growth rate. Take samples at 2 hr intervals until the culture reaches the stationary phase. At each sampling point measure the pH, the optical density at 600 nm, and the mass density inside and outside the vessel. Analyze the samples for micronutrient concentrations and their depletion rates, especially phosphates, nitrates and bicarbonates. Analyzing for nitrates can give some insight in to whether this concept can effectively be used to remove excess nitrates that have a hand in inducing Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). Analyzing Bicarbonate concentrations may give some insight as to how large a role this concept may play in recycling greenhouse gases and global warming With total microalgae amounts, how much carbon dioxide and nitrates are being removed from the environment and converted to microalgae that will be processed into renewable fuels, protein extract, and glycerol can be determined.|[0166] Additional Technologies|[0167] In conjunction with the systems, methods, and devices described herein, techniques and scientific knowledge from the following areas can also be harnessed:| - 1. Fatty acid extraction and transesterification| - 2. Glycerol purification and recovery to sell to pharmaceutical and personal care product manufacturers.| - 3. Bulk protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate recovery and packaging.|[0171] Microalgae Bioprocessing|[0172] One example of a conversion process from microalgae growth to the renewable fuel and protein products, described herein, is shown in FIG. 8. The biomass grown in the vessels described herein are initially screen filtered prior to dewatering with a screw press. The microalgae oils are dried prior to being fed to the delayed coking unit and then hydrotreated. During the early implementation of this process, the extracted microalgae oil can be sold to fossil fuel refiners to be coprocessed with their incoming crude oil.|[0173] During an implementation, the biomass from the vessels may be screen filtered and then dewatered with a screw press. The dried biomass may undergo protein separation. Then solar drying may occur to for purified proteins.|[0174] Delayed Coking|[0175] Delayed coking is a thermal process which has two major reactions—thermal cracking and polymerization. Thermal cracking is the mechanism through which molecules of high molecular weight in the feed stock are decomposed into smaller, lighter molecules that are fractionated into their end products. Polymerization is a reaction through which many small hydrocarbon molecules are combined to form a single large “coke” molecule of high molecular weight. A typical coke has 100 to 200 carbon molecules.|[0176] The main objective of the delayed coking unit is to convert microalgae oil to lighter products of higher value and to produce a coke product. In some embodiments, fresh microalgae feed is preheated through a heat exchange system prior to entering the bottom of the coker fractionating tower. The fresh microalgae feed is mixed with recycle from the unit before being pumped through two fired heaters. The effluent from the heaters then enters the bottom of the coking drums where the gaseous products pass out the top and the liquid soaks in the drum until it cracks into lighter products that will exit the top of the drum or forms coke. The liquid and gaseous products resulting from the thermal cracking are separated into the desired products by fractionation in a distillation tower before being deoxygenated via hydrotreating. The coke product in the coke drum is removed batchwise from the drums after cooling.|[0177] Hydrotreating|[0178] Conventional hydrotreating technology of microalgae oil extract produces a high quality product that is compatible with existing fuel infrastructure. Hydrotreating deoxygenates microalgae feedstock by adding hydrogen to produce a highly-stable renewable diesel fuel with a higher cetane value, lower cloud point and lower emissions than biodiesel and traditional petrodiesel.|[0179] Facilities/Location|[0180] The vessels can be implemented at sites that are near seawater, rivers, estuaries, oceans, lakes, or any body of water. In some embodiments, the site is near rail service to facilitate transportation of goods.|[0181] The growth parameters can be optimized and the microalgae's metabolic pathways can be engineered to achieve a significantly higher specific growth rate. Increases in the microalgae's specific growth rate, the initial culture density (Pi) and final culture density (Pf) can increase the overall system productivity and lower the total vessel requirement.|[0182] As shown in FIG. 11, a final microalgae concentration can be at least about, up to about, or about 25 g/L, thus requiring only 16 vessels to produce 5M gallons of fuel per year. Sixteen vessels can utilize or require only 1.25 acres of ocean surface area.|[0183] Advantages|[0184] The invention provides for a systems, devices, and methods that allow for the growth, concentration, and harvesting of mass marine biomass induced by iron fertilization for commercial biofuel, e.g., biodiesel, production. The benefits of ocean and open-water farming are numerous and far outweigh any benefits of any land based algae efforts.|[0185] The devices and methods describe herein have comparatively low feedstock production costs. The reduced production and distribution costs are largely due to the following advantages: (i) very little overhead is required to run and maintain farms in the open ocean, (ii) production vessels can be quickly fabricated and deployed off any coast, close to end users particularly in major urban areas and near transit arteries with very little initial capital, (iii) the ocean has a free and abundant supply of all the required nutrients to produce renewable fuels, except the very inexpensive iron compounds, (iv) feedstock production is highly scalable, and (v) virtually no waste streams are generated, which would require additional disposal costs and fees.|[0186] Capital and Operational Costs|[0187] The systems described herein have a number of advantages. The vessel construction is extremely low compared to bioreactors. The vessels are modular and portable. The vessels do not require highly skilled labor to operate and optimize it like bioreactors. As a result, they can be established in most coastal regions of the world; moreover, they do not require laborers with specialized skills.|[0188] The vessels do not utilize limited resources like land and fresh water. It reduces rents/mortgages requirements due to the minimum land use. The cultivation, harvesting, and microalgae fuel processing stages can be done at sea thus eliminating the cost of leasing land. Most land requirements can be for storage and management office space. The invention does not compete with other developed land uses such as farming for food or residential/commercial developments. In fact, the only resource that is required is the widely abundant iron. This minimizes or reduces chemical purchasing requirements to iron and downstream processing chemicals such as ethanol/methanol and base catalyst. The majority of the cultivation nutrients are provided and continuously replenished by the ocean for free, thus lowering the raw material expenses.|[0189] The magnetic iron retention and/or mixing mechanism increase the overall yield and productivity of the system thus minimizing the vessel requirements and capital investment. The ocean provides the kinetic energy required to keep the system well mixed for free thus further reducing energy costs and requirements.|[0190] Additionally, no waste streams are produced. There are no waste streams because (1) the supernatant is returned to the ocean (during growth and during dewatering/harvesting), (2) the biomass lipids are converted to biodiesel, (3) and the carbohydrate/protein extract are packaged for human/animal consumption.|[0191] The use of buoyancy as the concentrating mechanism to reduce vessel volume prior to processing in order to minimize the volume that needs to be pumped and centrifuged provides a significant advantage. Using buoyancy is a less energy intensive method other mechanical methods.|[0192] In comparison to open-ocean iron fertilization where biomass grown is not harvested, the invention provides for product revenue streams that are generated from (1) converting the microalgae lipids to renewable fuels, and (2) extracting the algal carbohydrate/protein for human/animal consumption.|[0193] Also, tax credits from both carbon sequestration and biodiesel/renewable fuel production can be obtained.|[0194] Manufacturing Benefit|[0195] In addition to the cost benefits, there are several manufacturing benefits to take into account. The system that we described above is constructed of modular components that can be easily fabricated out of composite materials, e.g., fiberglass or carbon fiber composite materials, once the molds for the parts have been made. Because of the modular composite components, these vessels can easily be repaired, replaced, and relocated. When the vessel is displaced by a storm, they can easily be located if the system components are both filled with air making them buoyant and a locating beacon is installed. Finally, the system is scalable to sizes that are impractical on land due to a variety of reasons, including volume and surface area limitations.|[0196] Economic|[0197] The invention provides for system, devices, and methods that can create a domestic and worldwide renewable hydrocarbon fuel source, create worldwide distribution, bioprocessing, manufacturing, and engineering jobs, and can potentially replace the need for all imported diesel fuel products. Also, it ensures the US maintains a technological advantage in developing and deploying energy technologies.|[0198] Engineering|[0199] The invention provides for a platform technology that can be used for generating medicinal, industrial, and nutritional proteins worldwide.|[0200] Military|[0201] The invention allows for local fuel production and depots around the world. This can be useful to military installations that are dispersed throughout the world, but have access to aqueous environments.|[0202] Environmental and Safety Issues|[0203] The environmental benefits are straight forward but just as important as the other benefits. The biomass produced fixes dissolved CO2, causing surrounding atmospheric CO2 pressure to decrease. The ocean waters are also simultaneously deacidified. The oceans can be deacidified by fixation of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate|[0204] The invention can be used to restore coastal ecosystems through bioremediation. The invention can be used to remediate coastal estuaries and river deltas by reducing nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations and eliminating unwanted hazardous algae blooms.|[0205] Another benefit worth discussing is the ramification and cleanup of an accidental spill of biodiesel or unprocessed marine biomass. Since the biomass/biodiesel is biodegradable, it can be either consumed or degraded by other organisms in an ocean environment over the course of no more than 17 days.|[0206] In some instances, the organisms to be grown can be contained within the vessels. This can reduce the environmental impact of organisms on the surrounding environment. For example, genetically modified organisms can be substantially contained within the vessel.|[0207] The devices and methods herein can be designed such that compliance with EPA, NEPA, and London Protocol regulations is met. In the open ocean, time courses experiments can be conducted to determine if there is any perturbation to the surrounding marine ecology and how fast the surrounding marine environment recovers after cultivating and harvesting large quantities of plankton. The invention provides for systems, devices, and methods that allow for farming of the oceans without disrupting ecological systems and continue to comply with NEPA and the London Protocol.|[0208] Another potential environmental and safety concern is what effect does creating an artificial magnetic field has on the surrounding ecological system. Electromagnetic field intensity can be controlled such that the ocean habitat's health and the safety of the employees is protected.|[0209] Because the plants can be located throughout the world, this can minimize the fuel consumed while distributing fuels to end users.|[0210] With all these benefits, the cost and energy balance equations are very much in favor of our system.|[0211] Quantitative Impact: Scaling Calculation|[0212] The following calculations were made to determine the number of vessels and ocean surface area required to replace the US daily consumption of petroleum distillate. First, the time needed for a culture to start at an initial concentration, Pi and grow to a final extended vessel concentration, Pf, needs to be calculated from Equation 1, shown in FIG. 13. Once the time is calculated the biomass and lipid production rates per vessel can be determined from equations 2 and 3 shown in FIG. 13, respectively.|[0213] Since glycerol is replaced by methanol or ethanol during the triglyceride transesterification, we assumed that the lipid content weight is approximately equal to the biodiesel product weight. As a result, the biodiesel production rate per vessel is approximated by equation 4 shown in FIG. 13.|[0214] Now that the biodiesel production rate per vessel has been approximated, we can determine the ocean farm size required to displace the petroleum distillates used by the United States each day by equations 5 and 6 shown in FIG. 13.|[0215] The results of the above calculations based on literature values for the growth rate are listed in the table shown in FIG. 14. In order to greatly reduce the vessel requirement numbers in FIG. 14, we can engineer the vessel and the stains to achieve a significantly higher specific growth rate, initial culture density (Pi) and final culture density (Pf). Improving the above three factors can increase the overall system productivity and lower the total vessel requirement. At the very least, we believe that this system can replace 25% of the petroleum fuel consumption in the United States.|[0216] Application: Renewable Fuel and Protein Synthesis|[0217] In some embodiments of the invention, the vessels are located around oil drilling platforms off the US Pacific and Gulf of Mexico coastlines. Offshore drilling platforms have been in the service of the oil industry for decades. Once the oil reserves are depleted, these platforms are capped and left to decay into man-made reefs. These inactive offshore platforms dot the Gulf of Mexico coastline without a useful purpose until now. Offshore platforms are ideal for mooring aquacultures. FIG. 6 displays a possible layout around an out of service drilling platform 600. The platform offers a place to harvest and process the microalgae on site into renewable hydrocarbon fuels, protein supplements, and glycerol which is preferred because it is more efficient to transport liquid fuels. As shown in FIG. 6, a tanker or river barge retrofitted with the tools necessary for doing the microalgae to renewable fuels conversion at sea is also a viable option.|[0218] In some embodiments, one or more vessel 602 may be provided upstream of the platform 600.|[0219] Application: Bioremediation of Coastal Estuaries and River Deltas|[0220] The devices and methods described herein can be used for remediating coastal estuaries and river delta regions, as shown in FIG. 7. The right-hand side of FIG. 7 shows two potential implementation points on tributaries that release into the Chesapeake Bay estuary. As an example, the vessels 700 can be implemented for nitrogen and phosphorous micronutrient bioremediation along rivers and tributaries prior to reaching coastal estuaries and river deltas. Microalgae grown in vessels described herein can be processed into purified proteins and hydrocarbon fuels that may be packaged and sold in the local markets. There may be fewer policy hurdles to cross to clean up coastal dead zones and an opportunity to build a positive reputation with the United States government and the American people.|[0221] Along the coast and tributaries, iron is usually not the limiting nutrient. Once the deficient nutrients for microalgae growth are identified, they can be fed into the vessel in quantities that correlate to the biomass density. The rate at which nutrients are fed into the vessel may be proportional to the uptake rate determined in a laboratory closed water time course experiment. Controlling the harvest rate may directly affect the microalgae concentration and indirectly affect the nitrogen and phosphorous uptake rate. As described before, the harvested microalgae can be processed on site into renewable hydrocarbon fuels, concentrated proteins, and glycerol to be sold on the local markets. These alternative profit streams ensure that this remediation endeavor is economically viable. As shown in FIG. 7, the processing plant 702 can be located on land rather than on water because land is nearby.|[0222] Any components, configurations, characteristics, features, or steps as known in the art may be used in any of the embodiments discussed herein. See, e.g., Kalra, A. and W. S. LLP. (2006). “BiodieselTax Credits”; Walford, L. A. (1958). Living Resources of the Sea: Opportunities for Research and Expansion. New York, Ronald Press; and Löscher, B. M. (1999). “Relationships among Ni, Cu, Zn, and major nutrients in the Southern Ocean.” Marine Chemistry 67: 67-102, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.|[0223] It should be understood from the foregoing that, while particular implementations have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made thereto and are contemplated herein. It is also not intended that the invention be limited by the specific examples provided within the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the aforementioned specification, the descriptions and illustrations of the preferable embodiments herein are not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Furthermore, it shall be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations or relative proportions set forth herein which depend upon a variety of conditions and variables. Various modifications in form and detail of the embodiments of the invention will be apparent to a person skilled in the art. It is therefore contemplated that the invention shall also cover any such modifications, variations and equivalents. | (US8628948)|CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|[0001] This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/183,447, filed Jun. 2, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/263,340, filed Nov. 20, 2009, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.|(US8628948)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0002] Unfortunately, the United States' economy and lifestyle are based on having a steady and inexpensive petroleum hydrocarbon supply available for import from foreign sources. Consequently, this petroleum supply and demand dynamic will siphon more and more hard capital and jobs from the domestic economy as the century progresses due to diminishing crude oil reserves. Earth's crude oil reserves are large but finite in volume. Many scientists predict that crude oil production from proven reserves will peak within this century. The decline in production will adversely affect the United States' oil-based economy and lifestyle. Due to impending fossil fuel supply issues this century, the U.S. continues to shift significant resources to identify realistic and economically viable avenues to produce a domestic renewable hydrocarbon equivalent.|[0003] Initially, U.S. scientists focused on using fatty acids from terrestrial plants and animals to make biodiesel fuels. The biodiesel produced is a compatible substitute for fossil fuel diesel but not close to being a robust inexpensive equivalent. The main issues with using terrestrial plant and animal fatty acids are:| - These feedstocks are expensive and account for as much as 80% of the fuel's cost. According to Anthony Radich and Rudy Pruszko, the best way to reduce renewable diesel and jet fuel production cost is by lowering feedstock cost. See, e.g., Pruszko, R (2007), “Alternative Feedstocks and Biodiesel Production”, Presented at the Practical Biodiesel Blueprint Conference, Radich, A. (2004); “Biodiesel Performance, Costs, and Use” Energy Information Administration, p 4, Website http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/biodiesel/pdf/biodiesel.pdf, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.| - There are limited quantities of tallow, waste vegetable oil (WVO), and soybeans.| - Terrestrial feedstocks cultivation compete with other needs for land and water resources.| - Several plant feedstocks are also foods thus increasing the demand on a limited supply.|[0008] In order to address these issues, renewable fuel research has focused on microalgae cultivated in freshwater ponds and bioreactors because of their high yield per hectare as well as their high lipid and protein composition relative to other photoautotrophs. See, e.g., Ingole B S, Parulekar A H, (1995) “Biochemical-Composition Of Antartic Zooplankton From The Indian-Ocean Sector” Indian Journal Of Marine Sciences 24(2): 73-76, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The problems with using microalgae produced from land based aquacultures, ponds, and bioreactors are: high capital cost, high fresh water consumption, generates waste streams, not portable, and not easily scalable.|[0009] Therefore, a need exists for improved systems and methods for cultivating biomass. A further need exists for improved systems and methods for harvesting and processing biomass.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0010] The invention provides for terrestrial microalgae aquacultures and bioreactors that can be used to cultivate microalgae in open water environments to generate a steady and inexpensive feedstock. The systems, devices, and methods described herein can be used to produce renewable fuels, natural and engineered proteins, and for bioremediation.|[0011] The invention provides for improved growth and production of biomass in a vessel situated in open-water environment by retaining iron and iron compounds within the vessel.|[0012] The vessels can include semi-permeable membranes, magnetic fields, buoyancy controlled components, and/or baffles that allow for efficient and cost-effective growth and production of biomass. The vessels can be designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions, while allowing exchange of nutrients through the semi-permeable walls of the vessel.|[0013] In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a vessel can comprise a semi-permeable exterior wall, wherein the semi-permeable exterior wall selectively retains a microorganism over water-soluble nutrients; and a baffle for directing flow within the vessel in a recirculating pattern when fluid is passed through the vessel.|[0014] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a vessel may comprise a buoyant top; a buoyancy-controlled base; and a semi-permeable mesh material connecting the buoyant top to the buoyancy-controlled base, wherein the semi-permeable mesh material selectively retains a microorganism over water-soluble nutrients.|[0015] A system for producing biomass may be provided in accordance with another aspect of the invention. The system may include a vessel in an aquatic environment capable of growing a microorganism in an interior region enclosed therein, wherein the vessel has a semi-permeable material capable of retaining the microorganism in the interior region while allowing fluid from the aquatic environment to flow through. The system may also include a processing platform in fluid communication with the interior region of the vessel and configured to harvest the microorganism from the vessel.|[0016] One or more vessels can be secured to existing open-water structures, such as oil-well platforms, barges and boats, and shoreline. A mobile or fixed processing platform can be connected to the vessels to allow for processing of the biomass products.|[0017] An aspect of the invention provides a method for producing biomass. The method for producing biomass can include growing a microorganism in a vessel comprising a semi-permeable membrane in an aquatic environment; and retaining iron compounds within the vessel.|[0018] Other goals and advantages of the invention will be further appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and accompanying drawings. While the following description may contain specific details describing particular embodiments of the invention, this should not be construed as limitations to the scope of the invention but rather as an exemplification of preferable embodiments. For each aspect of the invention, many variations are possible as suggested herein that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A variety of changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit thereof.|INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE|[0019] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.|(US8628948)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0020] A better understanding of many of the features and advantages of the invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which many of the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:|[0021] FIG. 1 shows a vessel design that incorporates a magnetic core to retain ferromagnetic iron sulfate and a porous material exterior to (a) retain the oxidized iron, other trace metals, and the induced microalgae and (b) allow hydrophilic micronutrients to enter the vessel.|[0022] FIG. 2A shows a vessel with a compression mechanism, which permits bioreactor volume reduction in an extended state.|[0023] FIG. 2B shows the vessel shown in FIG. 2A in a compressed state.|[0024] FIG. 3A shows a vessel having a fiberglass composite top and based with a fiberglass mesh material that allows nutrients to be exchanged, while retaining marine microalgae within.|[0025] FIG. 3B shows an exposed electromagnetic solenoid and carbon dioxide bubbling from the fiberglass composite base.|[0026] FIG. 3C shows iron powder applied to a solenoid that can provide an induced magnetic field to orient and retain iron within the vessel.|[0027] FIG. 4A shows a top view of a two-liter vessel with a fiberglass fabric exterior and a centrally located electromagnet.|[0028] FIG. 4B shows a close-up top view of the two-liter vessel after three days.|[0029] FIG. 5 shows a vessel design incorporating baffles to circulate the microalgae through the vessel.|[0030] FIG. 6 shows an offshore aquaculture implementation to generate renewable hydrocarbon fuels and proteins.|[0031] FIG. 7 shows an implementation of vessels for nitrogen and phosphorous micronutrient bioremediation along rivers and tributaries prior to reaching coastal estuaries and deltas.|[0032] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting microalgae processing into hydrocarbon fuels and purified proteins.|[0033] FIG. 9 shows a vessel base with an electromagnetic solenoid for producing a magnetic field and fluidic connections for providing a stream of carbon dioxide.|[0034] FIG. 10A shows a vessel for plankton cultivation having a collapsible magnetic coil.|[0035] FIG. 10B shows top view of a biomass processing system having a plurality of vessels connected to a processing platform that allows for farming of open water, e.g., the ocean.|[0036] FIG. 11 shows a table with calculations for determining the number of vessels required to produce 5 million gallons per year at various final concentrations of microalgae.|[0037] FIG. 12A shows an electromagnetic core design having a single electromagnet that can produce a constant and large enough electromagnetic field to ensure that trace metals remain in the vessel that can compress and extend with the vessel.|[0038] FIG. 12B shows an electromagnetic core having a first electromagnet positioned at the perimeter of the vessel and a second electromagnet positioned at the center of the vessel to promote mixing and/or movement of trace metals between the electromagnets.|[0039] FIG. 13 shows equations relating to the scaling of biomass production.|[0040] FIG. 14 shows a table showing system scaling based on final vessel plankton concentration and the US daily petroleum distillate consumption.|(US8628948)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0041] While preferable embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention.|[0042] The invention provides systems and methods for cultivating, harvesting, and processing biomass. Various aspects of the invention described herein may be applied to any of the particular applications set forth below or for any other types of feedstock. The invention may be applied as a standalone system or method, or as part of a biofuel or biomass production system or method. It shall be understood that different aspects of the invention can be appreciated individually, collectively, or in combination with each other.|[0043] The invention provides for various designs, methods, and systems that allow for the goals set forth herein for the growth of one or more microbial organism and the various beneficial effects of the growth, including the production of a renewable fuel, remediation, and production of proteins. The invention provides for design features that will improve the specific growth rates, product density/specificity, and prevent trace metals from being diluted by ocean or open-water currents. These features and combinations of these features have not been incorporated in prior ocean enclosure systems. See, e.g., Brockmann U H, Dahl E, Kuiper J, et al. (1983). “The Concept Of Poser (Plankton Observation With Simultaneous Enclosures In Rosfjorden)” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 14 (1): 1-8; S. Takeda, J. N., C. S. Wong, F. A. Whitney, W. K. Johnson, and T. J. Soutar. (1999). “Application of open-ocean enclosures to study the control of biological carbon dioxide pump in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean.” Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium Carbon Dioxide in the Oceans: 583-586; and Wang, J. K. (2003). “Conceptual Design of a Microalgae-based recirculating oyster and shrimp system. Aquacultural Engineering 28: 37-46, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.|[0044] FIG. 1 shows an example of an open-water enclosure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. A collapsible porous material 100 may be provided that may allow sea water to pass through but does not allow biomass to diffuse through. The collapsible porous material may be mesh netting. Open-water enclosures can utilize mesh netting with small pore sizes. For example, mesh netting may utilize pore sizes less than 30 μm. Mesh of this size may allow continuous nutrient replenishment through the mixing by ocean currents, which captures the microalgae product. The mesh netting can be of any pore size and/or material that allows for selection against loss of trace metals and biomass while allowing transport of other nutrients. The selection may be charge, size, and/or hydophobicity/hydrophilicity based.|[0045] An open water enclosure may include a magnetic core 102. In some embodiments, the magnetic core may be a collapsible magnetic coil.|[0046] A large buoyant top 104 to support the structure can be incorporated. The top structure may or may not enclose the vessel. In some embodiments, the top structure may be an air filled hollow cap. In some embodiments, the structure may include a buoyancy controlled bottom 106. Optionally, the vessel may include one or more reinforcement beams 108a, 108b, 108c. |[0047] Open ocean/water cultivation can allow for following advantages:| - Free nutrients,| - Free kinetic energy for mixing,| - Free organism cooling and hydration,| - The ocean's vast surface area eliminates natural scaling limitations, and/or| - Portability and ease of implementation in most ocean environments.|[0053] As a result of these advantages, the products generated, including renewable fuels, can be produced for significantly less cost. A hydrocarbon equivalent can also be produced at a significantly lower cost by various processes, including hydrotreating an oil extract.|[0054] Hydrotreating oil extracts allows for the production of a renewable diesel that can:| - Be a biofuel indistinguishable from petroleum diesel,| - Be a drop-in replacement for or can be blended to any proportion with traditional diesel,| - Be used in any proportion in today's infrastructure from pipelines and storage to gas pumps and automobiles,| - Be used in any proportion,| - Has excellent stability and is not oxygenated,| - Offer superior cold flow properties making it more suitable for very cold climate conditions,| - Have higher energy content per volume compared to Biodiesel, and/or| - Offer lower fossil energy requirements and reduction of Green House Gases and NOx emissions.|[0063] Iron Fertilization|[0064] In some embodiments of the invention, vessels may be used to capture all or substantially all biological growth induced by iron fertilization, which can be accomplished by the exposure of the organism to trace metals that are confined within the vessel. Metals within the vessel may include reduced iron. In order to prevent the reduced iron from diffusing outside the vessel, the vessels may include an electromagnetic or permanent magnetic core designed to minimize reduced iron dilution by ocean currents or other currents. Other nonmagnetic metals and oxidized iron may be captured by a charged fiberglass material that may allow hydrophilic nutrients through but retain the microalgae and trace element. The material need not be made of fiberglass and can be formed from other materials that provide similar selection characteristics.|[0065] Microalgae may require iron to assist in converting carbon dioxide into sugars using light energy from the sun. The oceans iron concentrations are generally well below the levels required to induce exponential growth in marine algae. As a result, marine microalgae are by and large in a stationary phase until storms or other natural events transport iron from land sources to coastal waters. Trace metals, especially iron, are high beneficial for inducing microalgae growth in ocean environments. See, e.g., Martin J H, Coale K H, et al (1994), “Testing The Iron Hypothesis In Ecosystems Of The Equatorial Pacific-Ocean” Nature 371 (6493): 123-129; Coale, K H, and et al. (1996). “A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.” Nature 383: 495-501; Zhou G J, Bi Y H, Zhao X M, et al. (2009) “Algal Growth Potential And Nutrient Limitation In Spring In Three-Gorges Reservoir, China” Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 18(9): 1642-1647; Marchetti A, Varela D E, Lance V P, et al. (2010) “Iron and silicic acid effects on phytoplankton productivity, diversity, and chemical composition in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean” Limnology and Oceanography 55(1):11-29; Coale, K H (1991). “Effects of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc enrichments on productivity and biomass in the subarctic Pacific” Limnology and Oceanography 36: 1851-1864; and Coale K H, Johnson K S, Chavez F P, et al. (2004). “Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment: Carbon Cycling in High- and Low-Si Waters.” Science 304(5669): 408-414 (herein after the “2004 Coale paper”), which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Artificially elevating iron concentrations in the open ocean is one key to inducing marine microalgae growth as a feedstock for industrial scale renewable diesel and jet fuel production.|[0066] In the 2004 Coale paper, microalgae growth was induced by adding iron sulfate to 0.7 nM in a 225 km2 area in the arctic polar front zone of the southern seas. The microalgae eventually covered approximate 2400 km2 after 20 days of growth. Assuming the microalgae had at least a depth of 10 m and a density of at least 1 μg/L, this can yield a wet microalgae biomass of approximately 26.5 tons. In some embodiments, algae growth can be tailored toward biological sequestration of carbon dioxide. In other embodiments, algae growth can be tailored toward the production of a renewable fuel feedstock.|[0067] In order to control the cultivation and harvesting of the microalgae induced by iron fertilization, several vessels can be utilized with the following design goals:| - To contain microalgae and iron while allowing hydrophilic nutrients to pass between the vessel and the surrounding environment.| - To concentrate microalgae 15 x prior to harvesting in order to reduce the volume of seawater to be processed and discarded and in turn to reduce the energy requirements to process the microalgae.|[0070] In some embodiments, the goal can be to capture all biological growth induced by iron fertilization, which can be accomplished by allowing the organism to be exposed to the trace metals only in the confines of the vessel.|[0071] Vessel Design|[0072] A semi-closed plankton cultivation and processing system, including a vessel, is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 10A. The system can include a control system (not shown) for analyzing and processing, among other things, environmental conditions, nutrient parameters and vessel status. This vessel has several innovations that improve the specific growth rates, product density/specificity, contain (or capture) organisms to be grown, and prevent trace metals from being diluted by ocean currents.|[0073] In some embodiments, the vessel may have a substantially cylindrical shape. For example, a cross-sectional area of the vessel may have a circular shape. In other embodiments, the vessel may have any other shape, which may include a prism with a square cross sectional shape, diamond cross-sectional shape, rectangular cross-sectional shape, triangular cross-sectional shape, pentagonal cross-sectional shape, hexagonal cross-sectional shape, octagonal cross-sectional shape, or elliptical cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the vessel cross-sectional shape may correspond to a shape of a top apparatus and/or bottom base.|[0074] The vessel may include a collapsible porous material 100 that may allow sea or ocean water to pass through without allowing biomass to diffuse through. In some embodiments, the collapsible porous material may be a mesh netting. The collapsible porous material may be formed from a fabric or textile, such as a cotton canvas material. In some embodiments, the porous material may be formed of a synthetic, non-synthetic, or blended fiber. The porous material may be formed of one or more materials. The porous material may be a filtration membrane. The porous material may be flexible enough to allow stirring by ocean currents. In some embodiments, the porous material may be porous enough to allow sea/ocean/surrounding water to diffuse through. The material may also be dense enough to contain product within the vessel, by making its diffusion timescale sufficiently large. Various embodiments of the porous material are discussed further below.|[0075] The collapsible porous material may surround a magnetic core 102. In some embodiments, the magnetic core may be one or more collapsible magnetic coil. The magnetic core may include any magnetic material. Preferably, the magnetic material may have a shape or configuration that may enable it to collapse in a vertical direction. For example, it may include a coil, telescoping features, sliding features, folding features, accordion-type features, small loose components, or other configurations that enable collapsing. Various embodiments of the magnetic core are discussed further below.|[0076] The collapsible porous material may be provided between a top apparatus 104 and a bottom base 106 of the vessel. One or more reinforcing beams 108a, 108b, 108c may be provided between the top apparatus and the bottom base.|[0077] The exterior vessel design incorporates innovative ideas to reduce energy consumption and operating cost requirements. One feature is a buoyant top apparatus to support the structure. In some embodiments, the top apparatus may be filed with air. In other embodiments, the top may be filled with another gas or material that may have less density than water. In some embodiments, the top may be hollow or may include pores that may trap air or other gases. The top apparatus may be formed of any material or have any configuration that may allow the top apparatus to float on the ocean's surface.|[0078] The concept significantly improves the functionality of the vessel by adding a buoyancy controlled base as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 10A. FIG. 2A shows that when the base 200 is filled with water, it expands the cultivation volume/depth of the vessel. In some embodiments, the vessel may be expanded so that the base reaches of a depth of 30 m. In other embodiments, when the vessel is expanded, the base may be at any depth, which may include but is not limited to about, up to about, or greater than about 100 m, 70 m, 50 m, 40 m, 35 m, 30 m, 25 m, 20 m, 15 m, 10 m, 7 m, or 5 m.|[0079] Once the biomass has reached a predetermined density, air is pumped into the base 200 causing the cultivation volume/depth to decrease as the base rises. The base may be brought closer to a top 202 of the vessel. As the vessel approaches the compressed state in FIG. 2B, the product concentration increases by as much as 15 x . In some embodiments, the concentration can increase about, up to about, or greater than about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 x . Concentration can be achieved by flow or efflux of water, such as seawater, through a semi-permeable meshing 204. This critical processing step significantly reduces the volume of seawater and in turn reduces the energy requirements for the pumps and dewatering centrifuges during biomass processing.|[0080] Semi-Permeable Meshing|[0081] A variety of materials may be chosen for the flexible porous material that allows seawater to pass freely but impedes plankton (or other biomass or fuel) diffusion out of the vessel. In some embodiments, the vessel includes a porous material that may be constructed of Nitex netting with a pore size less than 20 ∥m, a fiberglass upper portion, and a lower buoyancy control base. The netting can be protected from rips by something similar to a high density cotton canvas exterior. Polyamine and polyethylene netting material with pores less than 20 μm can be used. Other materials can also be used. One, two, three, four, or more layers of flexible porous material may be provided. In some embodiments, the layers may be formed of the same material, while in other embodiments, the layers may be formed of different materials. In some instances, the layers may have the same pore size, while in other instances, the layers may have different pore sizes.|[0082] Functionally, the mesh may allow for transport of water and other small molecules through the mesh and retention of organisms to be grown, such as those described herein. The mesh may be a semi-permeable exterior wall that selectively retains the organisms over water-soluble nutrients. For example, the wall can retain more organisms than water-soluble nutrients. For example, the wall can retain 2 x , 3 x , 5 x , 10 x , 15 x , 20 x , 30 x , 40 x , 50 x , 70 x , 100 x , 200 x , 500 x , 1000 x or more organisms than water-soluble nutrients by mass, concentration or volume. The prototype can be tested in a 3 million gallon closed water environment at Moss Landing Commercial Park (MLCP) for construction and material quality. A plankton concentration time course can be conducted by inoculating the vessel interior with plankton so that a initial vessel concentration of 1 g/L is achieved and measure for Chlorophyll a (Chl a) inside and outside the vessel.|[0083] Not only for efficiency concerns, but also for environmental concerns, the semi-permeable material can be selected to minimize the transport of biological mass to the surrounding environment. The correct combination of materials and construction can be achieved when the baseline Chl a levels in the seawater are maintained outside the vessel while maintaining close to the original 1 g/L plankton concentration inside the vessel.|[0084] Magnetic Core Design|[0085] Trace metals, especially iron, are the key to inducing plankton growth in ocean environments. Since the goal is to capture all biological growth induced by iron fertilization, it may be desirable for organism exposure to the trace metals to occur only in the confines of the vessel. In order to prevent the trace metals from diffusing outside the vessel, an electromagnetic core designed to minimize trace metal dilution by ocean currents is provided. Para- and ferromagnetic particles may be retained within the vessel.|[0086] Examples of potential electromagnetic cores are depicted FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B. The one electromagnetic field in FIG. 12A is constant and large enough to insure that the trace metals, especially iron, remain in the vessel. A one-coil design may include a magnetic coil that may compress and extend with a vessel. It may be possible to tailor trace metal concentrations to the prevailing organism growth conditions by varying the electromagnetic field intensity as a form of controlled release. An alternative is the design in FIG. 12B that incorporates an electromagnetic field at the perimeter and in the center of the vessel. A two-coil design may be provided, which may compress and extend with the vessel. Alternating the electromagnetic field between the two electromagnets promotes trace metal mixing within the vessel while preventing them from being diluted.|[0087] One or more electromagnetic coils may be in electrical communication with a power source. The power source may be part of the vessel or may be external to the vessel.|[0088] As previously described, a magnetic core may include a magnet or electromagnet that may be compressible or collapsible. The magnetic core can preferably be compressible or collapsible in a vertical direction.|[0089] The magnetic core may be enclosed by the vessel. For example, the magnetic core may be enclosed by a semi-permeable or porous material. The magnetic core may be entirely closed by the semi-permeable or porous material. In some embodiments, the magnetic core may be at least partially enclosed by the semi-permeable or porous material.|[0090] Exemplary Vessel Designs|[0091] One embodiment of a vessel is shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2A and 2B. A vessel can have one or more of the following design features:| - Variable and/or collapsible electromagnetic core to retain the reduced iron sulfate as shown in FIG. 1.| - Constant replenishing of hydrophilic nutrients.| - Constant dilution of waste organic acids excreted by the microalgae.| - Culture never dehydrates or over heats.| - Concentrates organism by reducing vessel volume as shown in FIG. 2.|[0097] The vessel, as shown in FIG. 1, may have a maximal volume of 9.4 million liters, a diameter of 20 meters, and a height that can be adjusted from 2 meters to 30 meters. The vessel may contain a compressible or collapsible magnetic or electromagnetic core 102 that can facilitate retention of trace metals, e.g., magnetic trace metals, or iron. The vessel may be cylindrical in shape or any other suitable shape. Any discussion herein of a cylindrical shape may apply to any other shape and vice versa.|[0098] The circumferential walls 100 of the vessel may be made of a mesh material that allows selective transport of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen, phosphorous, water, waste products, trace metals, and biomass. The mesh material may be made of fiberglass with a particular pore size. In some embodiments, the porous material may be made of a plastic, a metal, a glass, an organic material, or any combination thereof that has the desired selectivity. In some embodiments of the meshes or nettings, or porous materials described herein can be fabricated using fiberglass fabric, carbon fiber fabric, polyethylene, polyvinylacetate, or hydrophilic polymer. These materials can be woven. In some embodiments of the invention, these materials can be charged, e.g., fiberglass fabric. Some other examples of materials include, e.g., a durable and inexpensive high density cotton canvas material, a filtration membrane, a metallic sheet, any woven hydrophilic fabric or polymer (e.g., woven polypropylene, woven polyethylene), or membrane with a selected pore size. Selected pore sizes include any pore size of about or up to about 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, or 5000 microns. In some embodiments, the pore size may be variable or uniform across the surface of the mesh material or into the mesh material. Alternatively, pore size may vary within the mesh material. The pores may be evenly distributed over the mesh material, may be grouped into clusters, or may have any other distribution over the mesh material.|[0099] As stated previously, the selectivity can be achieved by pore size, charge, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, magnetism, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the selectivity is obtained by providing for a material that has a relatively greater diffusion time for the biomass and other materials to be retained as compared to materials that are to be exchanged with the surrounding environment.|[0100] The top 104 of the vessel and the base 106 of the vessel can be connected in a variety of manners. In some embodiments, the top and base are connected only by the cylindrical walls 100 of the vessel. An interior region of the vessel may be enclosed by the cylindrical walls and/or the top and base. The cylindrical walls may or may not be flexible and/or collapsible. In some embodiments, the cylindrical walls are rigid. The top and base of the vessel can be movable with respect to one another. They may be movable in a vertical direction. They may or may not be movable in a horizontal direction. In one example, when organisms are contained within the vessel, the top and base of the vessel may be brought into closer proximity with one another. The top and base may be brought into closer proximity while the walls are collapsed. The walls may optionally be collapsed without expanding horizontally. In some embodiments, the walls may be collapsed while maintaining a substantially same cross-sectional area enclosed therein. This may reduce the volume within the vessel. Reducing the volume of the vessel may result in increasing concentration of the organism therein.|[0101] In other embodiments, the top and base are connected by the cylindrical walls and one or more reinforcing beams 108a, 108b, 108c. In some embodiments, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more reinforcing beams may be provided. The reinforcing beams can provide for a rigid connection between top and base, while the cylindrical walls can remain flexible. The one or more reinforcing beams can limit them mobility of the base with respect to the top. For example, the reinforcing beam can limit the mobility of the base with respect to the top in a vertical direction. The base may move along the rigid reinforcing beams (as shown in FIG. 2) and/or the rigid cylindrical walls such that the base moves vertically and is prevented from translating horizontally away from the top of the vessel. In some embodiments, the reinforcing beams may remain fixed with respect to the top of the vessel, and the base may slide with respect to the reinforcing beams. Alternatively, the reinforcing beams may be fixed with respect to the base of vessel, and the reinforcing beams may slide with respect to the top of the vessel. In other embodiments the reinforcing beams may be movable with respect to both the top and bottom of the vessel. In some embodiments, the top and/or bottom may include one or more vertical channel or passage that may be capable of sliding with respect to the reinforcing beam. In other embodiments, the top and/or bottom of the vessel may be provided between the reinforcing beams. The top and/or bottom of the vessel may be configured to remain at a substantially fixed horizontal/lateral position with respect to the reinforcing beams.|[0102] The position of the vessel base relative to the top of the vessel can be controlled in a variety of manners, e.g., buoyancy and/or mechanically controlled. In some embodiments, the base and the top of the vessel may be buoyancy controlled. The top of the vessel may be an air filled hollow cap and the base of the vessel may be negatively buoyant. The base may also have one or more compartments that allow for buoyancy control. In some embodiments, the compartments may be or may contain bladders that can hold air or another gas. Once the bladders are filled with gas, the base may become positively buoyant and cause the base to rise toward the top of the vessel. The bladders can be filled in a manner such that the rate of vessel volume reduction or expansion is controlled. This may be important to increase the selectivity of porous cylindrical walls, e.g., to selectively allow transport of water and other undesired materials across the porous walls and retain iron and biomass. The bladders may be in communication with one or more gas source. For example, one or more hose or channel may connect the bladders to a gas source. In some embodiments, a pump, or positive pressure source may be provided to force gas into the bladders to raise the base. The bladders may also be in communication with one or more gas vent, when it is desirable to lower the base. The bladders may vent directly to the surrounding water, or may be connected to a remote venting location via a hose or channel. In some embodiments, the remote venting location may be the same as, or different from, the gas source.|[0103] In some embodiments, a vessel base may be raised and/or lowered via one or more mechanical actuator. For example, the base and/or top may move relative to a reinforcing beam via an actuator. Examples of actuators may include but are not limited to, motors, solenoids, linear actuators, pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, electric actuators, piezoelectric actuators, or magnets. Actuators may cause the base and/or reinforcing beam to move based on a signal received from a control system. The actuators may or may not be connected to a power source.|[0104] FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, and 4B show an example of a vessel described herein. The electromagnetic vessel can be referred to as the Iron Fertilization Vessel (IFV). A 1st generation 2 L prototype IFV (FIG. 3A) has been built and has successfully been shown to confine growth to IVF's interior (FIGS. 4A and 4B), to limit iron exposure to the IVF's interior by inducing an electromagnetic field (FIG. 3C), to concentrate the culture 3 x prior to harvesting by compressing IFV's volume, and to blow carbon dioxide gas from the base (FIG. 3B). FIG. 4A shows the 2 L vessel prior to incubation in water (t=0). FIG. 4B shows the 2 L vessel after three days of incubation in water. The grey matter is the reduced iron powder attached to the magnet. Red matter on the walls of the fiberglass fabric is mostly oxidized iron retained by the fiberglass fabric. The oily substance present throughout the interior of the vessel shown in FIG. 4B may indicate the presence and/or growth of microalgae.|[0105] The 1st generation IFV prototype is equipped with a two ply of an 8.5 oz 2 x 2 twill weave fiberglass mesh, a fiberglass composite top, and buoyancy controlled base, as shown in FIG. 3A. A fiberglass fabric may be selected as the mesh material because it is a strong, flexible, and hydrophilic material that allows nutrients to be replenished and simultaneously contain the microalgae inside the vessel. The fiberglass composite buoyancy control base can have two internal compartments. The upper compartment can be used to blow carbon dioxide from the base. The lower compartment can be filled with seawater during the growth phase to maximize surface area in which nutrients can diffuse across. The lower compartment can be filled with air during the harvesting phase to concentrate the algae by decreasing the IFV's volume prior to processing and/or harvesting the marine algae.|[0106] The vessel can include an electromagnetic core designed to retain the iron additions to the IFV, as shown in FIG. 3C. The electromagnetic coil in the 1st generation 2 L prototype consisted of two wires wrapped around an iron core with opposite polarities. A timing circuit can allow the current to alternate between the two wires, thus changing the direction of the magnetic field. The wave function in the magnetic field causes the iron to oscillate between the two ends of the solenoid allowing it to mix with the aqueous media and algae inside the vessel.|[0107] The electromagnetic field strength is approximated by Ampere's Law as B=μoηI, where μo is the permeability of the core, 11 is the number of turns per unit length, and I is the current. The B field strength is directly proportional to the current. The current can be regulated by changing the resistance in the circuit. Once the magnetic field has been induced, its magnitude is determined by a calibrated Hall Effect sensor. The magnetic field exerting at least 6.4 mT can retain reduced iron inside the vessel 6.4 mT, as shown in FIG. 3C.|[0108] The invention also provides for designs that can be utilized to streamline the vessel's functionality and operation by increasing circulation and/or mixing within a vessel, as shown in FIG. 5. For example, the vessel can be designed to mimic fresh water raceway pond functionality but in a vertical fashion. Increased circulation can allow for better mixing of nutrients and allow for desired or selected exposure of the microalgae to sunlight. The mixing and flow dynamics can be controlled by the design of the vessel dimensions and shape. Baffles within the vessel can be used to control fluid velocity and volumetric flow rates for liquid flowing in a recirculating pattern within the vessel and for liquids flowing through the vessel. The current in the surrounding environment can also be utilized to prevent fouling of the mesh materials by directed current flow across the mesh material or by powering a mechanical cleaning device. In some embodiments, the current can be used to generate power, which can be utilized by the vessel itself in any form, or by the processing platform.|[0109] To afford protection from the elements, the vessel, including the semi-permeable walls, can be rigid. In some embodiments of the invention, one wall can be rigid and the other can be flexible. The vessel can be designed to be resistant to damage by weather, current, or any large objects in the surrounding environment. The vessel can be designed to be rigid and protective, while not substantially restricting flow into and out of the vessel from the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the vessel can be buoyancy controlled to allow the vessel to be submersed during inclement weather. Buoyancy control can be achieved by the top portion, the base, or any combination thereof.|[0110] Loss of microorganism and other nutrients through the upstream or current-facing side of the vessel is less of a concern than loss through the down-stream facing portion. In some embodiments, the up stream or current-facing side of the vessel can have a first pore size and the down-stream facing side portion can have pores of a second size that are smaller than the first size.|[0111] As shown in FIG. 5, a permanent magnet that spans the width of the vessel may be incorporated to increase the retentions time that the reduced iron sulfate (C) remains in the upper region of the vessel. The magnet can have a minimum field strength of 6.4 mT. In addition to a component for retaining iron, the vessel may also include components for retaining other nutrients. For example, the vessel may include mechanisms to concentrate nitrates and/or phosphates. The mechanism may include chromatography components, ion-exchange based materials, e.g., ion-exchange columns, and/or affinity based materials, e.g., affinity columns. Any of the vessels described herein may have components for concentration and/or retention of one or more nutrients, e.g., iron, nitrate, and/or phosphate compounds.|[0112] Stainless steel sieved gate (shown as dashed lines between C and A in FIG. 5) with a pore size less than the organism. In some embodiments, the gate is enclosed by the vessel. For example, the gate may be entirely enclosed by the vessel, or at least partially enclosed by the vessel. The gate may be movable between a blocking position and an open position. The gate may be lifted or moved out of a blocking position to an open position to allow the organism to circulate. The gate may be lowered or put in a blocking position to concentrate and harvest the organism (A). FIG. 5 shows the gate (dashed line) in a blocking position.|[0113] FIG. 5 indicates a deficient nutrient feed point (B). Feeds that are low in concentration in the surrounding environment can be added at point B. The deficient nutrients that can be fed to the vessel include any nutrient discussed herein. In some embodiments, the nutrients include iron, phosphate, and/or nitrate compounds. The iron can be fed as an iron compound, such as iron sulfate, or iron can be fed to the vessel as part of a biodegradable polymer or material that releases iron over time, as discussed herein. The biodegradable polymer or material can also include other nutrients, such as nitrate compounds and/or phosphate compounds. Nitrates can also be fed in the form of ammonium, ammonium ferrous(II) sulfate (magnetic), or ammonium bicarbonate. Nitrates and other nutrients can also be sourced from waste water, secondary waste water, run off, chicken feed, agricultural waste, or any low-cost nutrient source and then fed to the vessel. The nutrient feed can be controlled automatically or manually. The nutrient feeding may be controlled based on the concentration of the nutrient in the vessel, the growth rate and/or the concentration of the organism. A nutrient feeding component for feeding one or more nutrients can be included in any of the vessels described herein.|[0114] Uses the current's kinetic energy to thoroughly mix the micronutrients and the microalgae. The mixing of nutrients and algae can be achieved by baffles within the vessel that direct the fluid in a recirculating pattern. The vessel may be positioned within a flowing current. In FIG. 5, current flows into the vessel at the right-hand side (D right) and exits the vessel at the left-hand side (D left). The movement from right to left forces circulation within the vessel in the direction indicated by the arrows, which forms a recirculating pattern. The circulation can be created by a Venturi effect caused by the flux of fluid through the reactor from the upstream portion of the vessel to the downstream portion of the vessel. The amount of current flow used for circulation can be selected in a variety of manners, e.g., by altering the exposed surface area on the right hand side of the vessel and/or the surface area on the left-hand side D. In this configuration, the vessel has an upstream, or current-facing side and a downstream or a side that is not facing the current. If the current of the surrounding environment is fixed, the vessel may be fixed in a proper orientation. If the current is not fixed, then the directionality of the vessel may be controlled based on the current's direction. The control of the vessel's orientation can be automatic or manual.|[0115] As described above, orientation of the vessel relative to the current in the surrounding environment can plan an important factor in determining the circulation rate within the vessel. To account for this, the vessel can be designed such that the orientation of the vessel with respect to the direction of current flow can be controlled. A self-orienting mechanism capable of orienting the direction of the vessel can be provided. Mechanical features, such as vane-like features, can be used to self-correct or self-orient the direction of the vessel such that a desired flow of water through the vessel is achieved. For example, one or more fin, protrusion, channel, flap, or shaped feature can be provided for the vessel. A self-orienting mechanism can be provided in a stationary position relative to the vessel, or can be movable relative to the vessel.|[0116] In some embodiments, the vessel orientation with respect to the current is such that maximal flow through the vessel is achieved. In other embodiments, the vessel orientation can be such that flow through the vessel is lower than the maximal flow through the vessel. For example, if maximal flow is achieved by placing the incoming mesh side the vessel perpendicular to the flow, a lesser amount of flow can be achieved by placing the incoming mesh side at an orientation that is not perpendicular to current flow in the surrounding environment.|[0117] Uses the current's kinetic energy to concentrate the microalgae. Once the sieve gate shown in FIG. 5 is placed in a blocking position, the circulation, as described above, can be utilized to concentrate the microalgae against the sieve gate.|[0118] All the microalgae spend the same cumulative time in the sun exposure zone (between A and B in FIG. 5). The amount of time spent exposed to the sun can be controlled based on the circulation rate through the vessel and the cross-sectional area of the channels that allow exposure to the sun relative to the cross-sectional area of the other channels in the vessel.|[0119] The recirculation caused by the flux of water through the vessel maintains a constant microalgae density throughout the circulating/recirculating portion of the vessel.|[0120] The vessel shown in FIG. 5 can be designed for high Reynolds and Péclet number to insure it is in the convection regime for consistent nutrient and organism density.|[0121] The pivot point (G) shown in FIG. 5 can control the incoming water velocity. As described above, circulation may be controlled by a variety of manners. Here, an incoming water gate can control or restrict the rate of water entering the vessel.|[0122] If necessary, the vessel percolates or sparges carbon dioxide from the base (F) shown in FIG. 5 in an effort to achieve higher microalgae densities.|[0123] A hydrophilic, charged, porous material (D) shown in FIG. 5 can allow environmental micronutrients and waste organic acids to cross freely but contain the microalgae. This can be achieved by selecting an appropriate pore size, e.g., less than about 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100, or 150 μm pore size (or any other pore size described herein).|[0124] Organisms and Metabolic Engineering|[0125] While microalgae and plankton have been referred to as organisms to be grown within the vessels, a variety of organisms can be grown in the vessels described herein. These organisms can include plankton, diatoms, algae, phytoplankton, and zoo plankton. The organisms to be grown can be selected based on geographic considerations. The organism can be any autotrophic or photoautotrophic organism. In some embodiments, the organisms grown within the vessels are more than one type of organism. For example, symbiotic organisms can be grown in conjunction with each other, or one organism may be grown during a first phase and a second organism may be grown during a second phase. In some embodiments, the organisms grown in the vessel can include an organism that performs nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen-fixing organisms can be grown with algae or any other organism in a symbiotic relationship. Examples of organisms that perform nitrogen fixation include Richella intracellularis, nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, and Trichodesmium. |[0126] The organisms, e.g., microalgae, utilized herein can be metabolically engineered for the efficient conversion of the nutrients to further increase the microalgae growth rate, improve product yields, decrease vessel requirements, and maximize the overall system productivity. The microalgae can be engineered to: increase fatty acid content and renewable fuels, e.g., biodiesel, productivity, manufacture industrial enzymes, synthesize personal care/medicinal proteins, and/or manufacture specialized fuels, e.g., jet fuel.|[0127] Isolate Local Wild Type Strains and Seed Culture Growth|[0128] In some embodiments, a large microalgae seed culture can be inoculated at the time the iron is added to the vessel to accelerate microalgae growth relative to diatoms. Microalgae can be the dominant species grown and harvested due to its higher initial concentration. Local wild type strains, which may be preferred, can be used such that new species are not introduced into the local environment. Local microalgae and diatom strains can be characterized for specific growth and nutrient requirements. As well, environmental parameters can be determined such that microalgae or diatom growth can be selectively induced.|[0129] Processing Platform|[0130] The vessel products (e.g., biomass produced by growth of or production by organisms grown within the vessels) can be harvested using a processing platform 1010 (see FIG. 10B). The processing platform can be a mobile unit that can be connected to the vessels 1012 described herein. The processing platform may be in fluid communication with an interior region of one or more vessel. In some embodiments, the processing platform can be connected to the vessels via a connector 104. In some embodiments, a connector may be a hose, pipe, or channel. In some embodiments, the processing platform and/or vessels can include a pump, a positive pressure source, or a negative pressure source, to transfer organisms within the vessel to and/or from the processing platform. The processing platform can optionally connect to each vessel directly. Alternatively, the processing platform can connect to one or more hubs, which can connect to one or more vessel. A processing platform can be connected to any number of vessels, including but not limited to one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, twelve or more, fifteen or more, twenty or more, thirty or more, forty or more, or fifty or more vessels.|[0131] The processing platform can be located on a rig or an oil tanker. The processing platform can be located on a buoyant or floating support. The processing platform can also be located on land, which may be in close proximity to a body of water. For example, the processing platform can be located on a shoreline.|[0132] The processing platform can process organisms in real-time, after a certain period of time, or periodically. Lipids contained within organisms can be recovered and processed into biodiesel. Carbohydrates and proteins contained within the organisms can be collected and used in products for human or animal consumption. Seawater can be rejected and returned to the ocean. The processing platform can produce substantially no toxic or hazardous waste streams.|[0133] Methods|[0134] Microalgae Physiology:|[0135] The target culture density can be controlled. In some embodiments, the target control density is in the range of about 1 μg/L to 100 g/L, 100 μg/L to 50 g/L, or 1 to 10 g/L.|[0136] Nutrient uptake rates can be measured and accounted for to sustain selected growth rates or biomass production rates.|[0137] The waste organic acid accumulation rate can be measured and accounted for. The rate of waste organic acids transport out of the vessel through the permeable mesh membrane may also be controlled by adjusting the circulation rate, or by selecting preferred mesh materials.|[0138] The iron concentration can be measured and controlled. Iron concentration may be a limiting factor for growth or may provide a means to control growth rate.|[0139] The concentration of silica, nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon nutrients can also be measured and controlled. In some embodiments, these nutrients can pass through the membrane at a higher rate than iron and biomass. The concentration of silica, nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon nutrients can affect growth and productivity of the microalgae and a lower non-inhibitory concentration for these compounds can be determined.|[0140] The iron feed profile can be selected for a number of parameters. The iron feed profile can be adjusted based on the growth of the organism within the vessel, or the iron feed profile can be adjusted to maintain constant or varying iron concentration.|[0141] In some embodiments, various strains may have different specificity for different iron compounds. The iron compound used can be selected for efficient growth of the organism of choice of vice-versa, the organism can be selected for efficient growth using a predetermined iron compound.|[0142] The production of renewable fuel and protein yield per gram iron can be measured and optimized based on other parameters described herein.|[0143] Various environmental parameters that naturally select for and maximize specific growth rate can be monitored and accounted for.|[0144] Iron Fertilization Vessel|[0145] Iron containment and the concentration of iron within the vessel may be measured using optical density or chelating/pH measurements on samples taken inside and outside the vessel.|[0146] Microalgae containment may be measured using optical density measurements from samples taken inside and outside the vessel during growth experiments.|[0147] Membrane material investigation can be selected such that it is durable and hydrophilic.|[0148] Vessel Automation, Sampling and Processing|[0149] In some embodiments, LCMS can be used to measure water samples upstream and downstream of the vessels. Other parameters that can be measured include optical density (to determine the concentration of the culture), iron concentration in the culture, and culture pH. These procedures, including sampling and processing of the biomass using the methods described herein, can be automated.|[0150] Organism Selection and Preparation|[0151] The following provides one example of organism selection and preparation. First, local sea water can be retrieved, which may include seawater from the Sea Cliff Beach Pier in the Monterey Bay, to be used as a first source of seawater. Low silicate sea water can be used as a second source of seawater. Iron may be added to each sea water type to bring its iron concentration to 5 nM. 1 mM sodium bicarbonate can be added to each sea water type as a substitute for CO2 gas. Both sea water stocks can be filtered with a 0.2 μm hydrophilic membrane. 15 g agar can be added to 500 mL of each sea water stock. The agar may be dissolved by microwaving until everything it is melted. The sea water stocks can be removed from the microwave and shaken. The petri dishes can be filled to about half full. The petri dishes can be let to solidify and stored upside down in a cold room.|[0152] Next, unfiltered local marine water can be streaked on both plate types. They may be incubated on the bench in the presence of a constant full spectrum light source. From the filtered local marine water plates, an isolated diatom colony may be picked and streaked on new local marine water plates. From the low silicate plates, an isolated microalgae colony may be picked and streaked new low silicate plates. These plates may be incubated until single colonies grow. A single diatom or microalgae colony can be picked from a plate and a sterile test tube filled with 5 ml of filtered local marine water stock and with 5 nM Fe and 1 mM NaHCO3 (Solution C) can be inoculated. This may be incubated in a shaker with a full spectrum light source present until the culture reach 1 OD at 600 nm. Next, a sterile 500 mL flask filled with 50 mL of Solution C and all 5 mL of the first generation seed culture can be inoculated. This can be incubated in a shaker in the presence of a full spectrum light source present until it reaches 1 OD at 600 nm. The secondary seed culture should either be (i) used to inoculate a closed water time-course experiment and/or (ii) split into a master stock for each specimen.|[0153] Electromagnetic Intensity|[0154] The minimum electromagnetic field required to bind the bulk of the trace metals can be determined. In a clear fresh water tank with constant agitation, the electromagnetic potential can be maximized to bind all the trace metals to the sealed coil. Starting from the maximum potential, the electromagnetic potential may be incrementally decreased until trace metals start to release from the coil allows for the determination of the minimum electromagnetic field required to bind the trace metals. After each field adjustment, a spectrophotometer measurement at 595 nm can be taken. This can continue until the spectrophotometer readings increase 10% over or under the baseline.|[0155] Iron Compound Selection|[0156] Introducing iron into an ocean environment typically induces the largest biological response of all the trace metals. Iron sulfate has been the substrate used in most open water fertilization experiments. However, it may not be the best choice because it induces the growth of both plankton and diatoms. Based on the multiple composition profiles in the literature, plankton is preferred over diatoms because it has a significantly larger lipid and protein composition. The diatom composition is skewed towards ash/fertilizer products. Therefore, an iron compound that is preferentially selected by plankton may be preferred.|[0157] A selected iron compound can be chosen by performing laboratory growth time course experiments using different iron compounds and 0.2 μm filtered seawater. The idea is to maximize plankton specific growth while minimizing the diatoms' at the same time. Also fed-batch introduction of the iron compound may promote plankton growth over diatoms.|[0158] Iron compounds can be selected for specificity for diatoms and microalgae. As well, the amount of iron can be selected such that a minimal amount of iron is used to maintain a desired growth rate. Iron concentrations can be about or up to about, or at least about 5.00, 2.50, 1.25, 0.63, 0.31, 0.16, 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, or 0.005 nM iron.|[0159] In some embodiments of the invention, the iron compound is formed within a biodegradable material. The biodegradable material can be any suitable polymer that allows for desired release of iron compound at the proper concentration. The biodegradable material can allow for time-release of the iron compound and can also allow for the iron compound to be encapsulated within a large particle that will not pass through the semi-permeable walls of the vessel. Furthermore, encapsulation of the iron compound can reduce or prevent oxidation of the iron compound. Oxidation of the iron compound can change the magnetic properties of the iron.|[0160] The following is an exemplary procedure to test for desired iron concentration:|[0161] First, make a stock local sea water solution with 1 mM sodium bicarbonate (Solution A), a carbon source substitute for the CO2 gas. Add iron sulfate to 250 mL of the Solution A to achieve a concentration of 5 nM (Solution B). Achieve the above growth media iron concentrations by serially diluting Solution A with Solution B. Add iron contain solutions to test tubes and inoculate with the appropriate strains. Incubate the test tubes in the presence of a continuous full spectrum light source. From the above experiment, the highest iron concentration level that will induce microalgae and impede diatom exponential growth (lowest concentration level diatoms) can be determined.|[0162] Maximize Microalgae/Plankton Specific Growth Rate|[0163] Iron is one of the first limiting compounds in ocean environments (See, e.g., Scharek R, Van Leeuwe M A, De Baar H J W (1997). “Responses of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton To The Addition Of Trace Metals” Deep-Sea Research II Vol. 44 (1-2): 209-227). Once iron is supplemented, the next limiting trace metal or nutrient can be identified. Utilizing microbial physiology, plankton specific growth rate can be maximized by supplementing quickly depleted nutrients and/or trace metals to the vessel. In essence, the vessel can be used as an open-water fermenter to achieve high growth rates and plankton density. After maximizing growth by regulating extracellular factors, the plankton can be metabolically engineered for the efficient conversion of the nutrients to further increase the plankton growth rate, improve product yields, decrease vessel requirements, and maximize the overall system productivity.|[0164] Time-courses can be conducted to track the depletion rates of important nutrients and trace metals by microalgae, diatoms and other organisms. Depleted nutrients can be fed at a rate that sufficiently alleviates the observed rate-limiting factor that occurs during the exponential growth phase. At that point, a new rate limiting compound can be identified and fed accordingly. This process of identifying and feeding deficient nutrient can repeat itself until the predetermined growth rate is achieved or all the environmental parameter modification options have been exhausted.|[0165] In a 20-55 L closed water environment, add filter sterilized local sea water with 1 mM sodium bicarbonate or blow carbon dioxide from the base of the 2 L prototype as shown in FIG. 9. At time zero, inoculate the vessel interior with the 50 mL seed culture and start feeding iron and other depleted nutrients. The feed rate of the iron and depleted nutrients will be ramped up according to their utilization profile from previous experiments and the current instantaneous growth rate. Take samples at 2 hr intervals until the culture reaches the stationary phase. At each sampling point measure the pH, the optical density at 600 nm, and the mass density inside and outside the vessel. Analyze the samples for micronutrient concentrations and their depletion rates, especially phosphates, nitrates and bicarbonates. Analyzing for nitrates can give some insight in to whether this concept can effectively be used to remove excess nitrates that have a hand in inducing Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). Analyzing Bicarbonate concentrations may give some insight as to how large a role this concept may play in recycling greenhouse gases and global warming With total microalgae amounts, how much carbon dioxide and nitrates are being removed from the environment and converted to microalgae that will be processed into renewable fuels, protein extract, and glycerol can be determined.|[0166] Additional Technologies|[0167] In conjunction with the systems, methods, and devices described herein, techniques and scientific knowledge from the following areas can also be harnessed:| - 1. Fatty acid extraction and transesterification| - 2. Glycerol purification and recovery to sell to pharmaceutical and personal care product manufacturers.| - 3. Bulk protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate recovery and packaging.|[0171] Microalgae Bioprocessing|[0172] One example of a conversion process from microalgae growth to the renewable fuel and protein products, described herein, is shown in FIG. 8. The biomass grown in the vessels described herein are initially screen filtered prior to dewatering with a screw press. The microalgae oils are dried prior to being fed to the delayed coking unit and then hydrotreated. During the early implementation of this process, the extracted microalgae oil can be sold to fossil fuel refiners to be coprocessed with their incoming crude oil.|[0173] During an implementation, the biomass from the vessels may be screen filtered and then dewatered with a screw press. The dried biomass may undergo protein separation. Then solar drying may occur to for purified proteins.|[0174] Delayed Coking|[0175] Delayed coking is a thermal process which has two major reactions—thermal cracking and polymerization. Thermal cracking is the mechanism through which molecules of high molecular weight in the feed stock are decomposed into smaller, lighter molecules that are fractionated into their end products. Polymerization is a reaction through which many small hydrocarbon molecules are combined to form a single large “coke” molecule of high molecular weight. A typical coke has 100 to 200 carbon molecules.|[0176] The main objective of the delayed coking unit is to convert microalgae oil to lighter products of higher value and to produce a coke product. In some embodiments, fresh microalgae feed is preheated through a heat exchange system prior to entering the bottom of the coker fractionating tower. The fresh microalgae feed is mixed with recycle from the unit before being pumped through two fired heaters. The effluent from the heaters then enters the bottom of the coking drums where the gaseous products pass out the top and the liquid soaks in the drum until it cracks into lighter products that will exit the top of the drum or forms coke. The liquid and gaseous products resulting from the thermal cracking are separated into the desired products by fractionation in a distillation tower before being deoxygenated via hydrotreating. The coke product in the coke drum is removed batchwise from the drums after cooling.|[0177] Hydrotreating|[0178] Conventional hydrotreating technology of microalgae oil extract produces a high quality product that is compatible with existing fuel infrastructure. Hydrotreating deoxygenates microalgae feedstock by adding hydrogen to produce a highly-stable renewable diesel fuel with a higher cetane value, lower cloud point and lower emissions than biodiesel and traditional petrodiesel.|[0179] Facilities/Location|[0180] The vessels can be implemented at sites that are near seawater, rivers, estuaries, oceans, lakes, or any body of water. In some embodiments, the site is near rail service to facilitate transportation of goods.|[0181] The growth parameters can be optimized and the microalgae's metabolic pathways can be engineered to achieve a significantly higher specific growth rate. Increases in the microalgae's specific growth rate, the initial culture density (Pi) and final culture density (Pf) can increase the overall system productivity and lower the total vessel requirement.|[0182] As shown in FIG. 11, a final microalgae concentration can be at least about, up to about, or about 25 g/L, thus requiring only 16 vessels to produce 5M gallons of fuel per year. Sixteen vessels can utilize or require only 1.25 acres of ocean surface area.|[0183] Advantages|[0184] The invention provides for a systems, devices, and methods that allow for the growth, concentration, and harvesting of mass marine biomass induced by iron fertilization for commercial biofuel, e.g., biodiesel, production. The benefits of ocean and open-water farming are numerous and far outweigh any benefits of any land based algae efforts.|[0185] The devices and methods describe herein have comparatively low feedstock production costs. The reduced production and distribution costs are largely due to the following advantages: (i) very little overhead is required to run and maintain farms in the open ocean, (ii) production vessels can be quickly fabricated and deployed off any coast, close to end users particularly in major urban areas and near transit arteries with very little initial capital, (iii) the ocean has a free and abundant supply of all the required nutrients to produce renewable fuels, except the very inexpensive iron compounds, (iv) feedstock production is highly scalable, and (v) virtually no waste streams are generated, which would require additional disposal costs and fees.|[0186] Capital and Operational Costs|[0187] The systems described herein have a number of advantages. The vessel construction is extremely low compared to bioreactors. The vessels are modular and portable. The vessels do not require highly skilled labor to operate and optimize it like bioreactors. As a result, they can be established in most coastal regions of the world; moreover, they do not require laborers with specialized skills.|[0188] The vessels do not utilize limited resources like land and fresh water. It reduces rents/mortgages requirements due to the minimum land use. The cultivation, harvesting, and microalgae fuel processing stages can be done at sea thus eliminating the cost of leasing land. Most land requirements can be for storage and management office space. The invention does not compete with other developed land uses such as farming for food or residential/commercial developments. In fact, the only resource that is required is the widely abundant iron. This minimizes or reduces chemical purchasing requirements to iron and downstream processing chemicals such as ethanol/methanol and base catalyst. The majority of the cultivation nutrients are provided and continuously replenished by the ocean for free, thus lowering the raw material expenses.|[0189] The magnetic iron retention and/or mixing mechanism increase the overall yield and productivity of the system thus minimizing the vessel requirements and capital investment. The ocean provides the kinetic energy required to keep the system well mixed for free thus further reducing energy costs and requirements.|[0190] Additionally, no waste streams are produced. There are no waste streams because (1) the supernatant is returned to the ocean (during growth and during dewatering/harvesting), (2) the biomass lipids are converted to biodiesel, (3) and the carbohydrate/protein extract are packaged for human/animal consumption.|[0191] The use of buoyancy as the concentrating mechanism to reduce vessel volume prior to processing in order to minimize the volume that needs to be pumped and centrifuged provides a significant advantage. Using buoyancy is a less energy intensive method other mechanical methods.|[0192] In comparison to open-ocean iron fertilization where biomass grown is not harvested, the invention provides for product revenue streams that are generated from (1) converting the microalgae lipids to renewable fuels, and (2) extracting the algal carbohydrate/protein for human/animal consumption.|[0193] Also, tax credits from both carbon sequestration and biodiesel/renewable fuel production can be obtained.|[0194] Manufacturing Benefit|[0195] In addition to the cost benefits, there are several manufacturing benefits to take into account. The system that we described above is constructed of modular components that can be easily fabricated out of composite materials, e.g., fiberglass or carbon fiber composite materials, once the molds for the parts have been made. Because of the modular composite components, these vessels can easily be repaired, replaced, and relocated. When the vessel is displaced by a storm, they can easily be located if the system components are both filled with air making them buoyant and a locating beacon is installed. Finally, the system is scalable to sizes that are impractical on land due to a variety of reasons, including volume and surface area limitations.|[0196] Economic|[0197] The invention provides for system, devices, and methods that can create a domestic and worldwide renewable hydrocarbon fuel source, create worldwide distribution, bioprocessing, manufacturing, and engineering jobs, and can potentially replace the need for all imported diesel fuel products. Also, it ensures the US maintains a technological advantage in developing and deploying energy technologies.|[0198] Engineering|[0199] The invention provides for a platform technology that can be used for generating medicinal, industrial, and nutritional proteins worldwide.|[0200] Military|[0201] The invention allows for local fuel production and depots around the world. This can be useful to military installations that are dispersed throughout the world, but have access to aqueous environments.|[0202] Environmental and Safety Issues|[0203] The environmental benefits are straight forward but just as important as the other benefits. The biomass produced fixes dissolved CO2, causing surrounding atmospheric CO2 pressure to decrease. The ocean waters are also simultaneously deacidified. The oceans can be deacidified by fixation of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate|[0204] The invention can be used to restore coastal ecosystems through bioremediation. The invention can be used to remediate coastal estuaries and river deltas by reducing nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations and eliminating unwanted hazardous algae blooms.|[0205] Another benefit worth discussing is the ramification and cleanup of an accidental spill of biodiesel or unprocessed marine biomass. Since the biomass/biodiesel is biodegradable, it can be either consumed or degraded by other organisms in an ocean environment over the course of no more than 17 days.|[0206] In some instances, the organisms to be grown can be contained within the vessels. This can reduce the environmental impact of organisms on the surrounding environment. For example, genetically modified organisms can be substantially contained within the vessel.|[0207] The devices and methods herein can be designed such that compliance with EPA, NEPA, and London Protocol regulations is met. In the open ocean, time courses experiments can be conducted to determine if there is any perturbation to the surrounding marine ecology and how fast the surrounding marine environment recovers after cultivating and harvesting large quantities of plankton. The invention provides for systems, devices, and methods that allow for farming of the oceans without disrupting ecological systems and continue to comply with NEPA and the London Protocol.|[0208] Another potential environmental and safety concern is what effect does creating an artificial magnetic field has on the surrounding ecological system. Electromagnetic field intensity can be controlled such that the ocean habitat's health and the safety of the employees is protected.|[0209] Because the plants can be located throughout the world, this can minimize the fuel consumed while distributing fuels to end users.|[0210] With all these benefits, the cost and energy balance equations are very much in favor of our system.|[0211] Quantitative Impact: Scaling Calculation|[0212] The following calculations were made to determine the number of vessels and ocean surface area required to replace the US daily consumption of petroleum distillate. First, the time needed for a culture to start at an initial concentration, Pi and grow to a final extended vessel concentration, Pf, needs to be calculated from Equation 1, shown in FIG. 13. Once the time is calculated the biomass and lipid production rates per vessel can be determined from equations 2 and 3 shown in FIG. 13, respectively.|[0213] Since glycerol is replaced by methanol or ethanol during the triglyceride transesterification, we assumed that the lipid content weight is approximately equal to the biodiesel product weight. As a result, the biodiesel production rate per vessel is approximated by equation 4 shown in FIG. 13.|[0214] Now that the biodiesel production rate per vessel has been approximated, we can determine the ocean farm size required to displace the petroleum distillates used by the United States each day by equations 5 and 6 shown in FIG. 13.|[0215] The results of the above calculations based on literature values for the growth rate are listed in the table shown in FIG. 14. In order to greatly reduce the vessel requirement numbers in FIG. 14, we can engineer the vessel and the stains to achieve a significantly higher specific growth rate, initial culture density (Pi) and final culture density (Pf). Improving the above three factors can increase the overall system productivity and lower the total vessel requirement. At the very least, we believe that this system can replace 25% of the petroleum fuel consumption in the United States.|[0216] Application: Renewable Fuel and Protein Synthesis|[0217] In some embodiments of the invention, the vessels are located around oil drilling platforms off the US Pacific and Gulf of Mexico coastlines. Offshore drilling platforms have been in the service of the oil industry for decades. Once the oil reserves are depleted, these platforms are capped and left to decay into man-made reefs. These inactive offshore platforms dot the Gulf of Mexico coastline without a useful purpose until now. Offshore platforms are ideal for mooring aquacultures. FIG. 6 displays a possible layout around an out of service drilling platform 600. The platform offers a place to harvest and process the microalgae on site into renewable hydrocarbon fuels, protein supplements, and glycerol which is preferred because it is more efficient to transport liquid fuels. As shown in FIG. 6, a tanker or river barge retrofitted with the tools necessary for doing the microalgae to renewable fuels conversion at sea is also a viable option.|[0218] In some embodiments, one or more vessel 602 may be provided upstream of the platform 600.|[0219] Application: Bioremediation of Coastal Estuaries and River Deltas|[0220] The devices and methods described herein can be used for remediating coastal estuaries and river delta regions, as shown in FIG. 7. The right-hand side of FIG. 7 shows two potential implementation points on tributaries that release into the Chesapeake Bay estuary. As an example, the vessels 700 can be implemented for nitrogen and phosphorous micronutrient bioremediation along rivers and tributaries prior to reaching coastal estuaries and river deltas. Microalgae grown in vessels described herein can be processed into purified proteins and hydrocarbon fuels that may be packaged and sold in the local markets. There may be fewer policy hurdles to cross to clean up coastal dead zones and an opportunity to build a positive reputation with the United States government and the American people.|[0221] Along the coast and tributaries, iron is usually not the limiting nutrient. Once the deficient nutrients for microalgae growth are identified, they can be fed into the vessel in quantities that correlate to the biomass density. The rate at which nutrients are fed into the vessel may be proportional to the uptake rate determined in a laboratory closed water time course experiment. Controlling the harvest rate may directly affect the microalgae concentration and indirectly affect the nitrogen and phosphorous uptake rate. As described before, the harvested microalgae can be processed on site into renewable hydrocarbon fuels, concentrated proteins, and glycerol to be sold on the local markets. These alternative profit streams ensure that this remediation endeavor is economically viable. As shown in FIG. 7, the processing plant 702 can be located on land rather than on water because land is nearby.|[0222] Any components, configurations, characteristics, features, or steps as known in the art may be used in any of the embodiments discussed herein. See, e.g., Kalra, A. and W. S. LLP. (2006). “BiodieselTax Credits”; Walford, L. A. (1958). Living Resources of the Sea: Opportunities for Research and Expansion. New York, Ronald Press; and Löscher, B. M. (1999). “Relationships among Ni, Cu, Zn, and major nutrients in the Southern Ocean.” Marine Chemistry 67: 67-102, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.|[0223] It should be understood from the foregoing that, while particular implementations have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made thereto and are contemplated herein. It is also not intended that the invention be limited by the specific examples provided within the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the aforementioned specification, the descriptions and illustrations of the preferable embodiments herein are not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Furthermore, it shall be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations or relative proportions set forth herein which depend upon a variety of conditions and variables. Various modifications in form and detail of the embodiments of the invention will be apparent to a person skilled in the art. It is therefore contemplated that the invention shall also cover any such modifications, variations and equivalents. | Family Number|(1866967)|1866967|Abstract|(AU2010256745 A1)|Combining controlled open-ocean iron enrichment with a system for collecting the ensuing biological growth can lead to a fundamental shift towards using marine biomass feedstock for large-scale global biodiesel production. The literature review reveals that open-ocean enrichment effectively reduces both the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity. A semi-closed ocean system is provided that allows for the efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high tonnage biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization. The concept methodically capitalizes on the ocean's free nutrients, kinetic/potential energy, and expansive surface area to ensure that the mass, energy, and cost balance equations favor our system while taking care to preserve the ocean's ecosystem. The system is modular, portable, easily scalable system, and minimizes waste. In addition to the above benefits, our concept allows continued adherence to the NEPA and London Protocol by culling the biomass produced by fixing carbon dioxide and limiting iron exposure to the vessel's interior.|(CN102803464 A)|Combining controlled open - ocean iron enrichment with a system for collecting the ensuing biological growth can lead to a fundamental shift towards using marine biomass feedstock for large - scale global biodiesel production . The literature review reveals that open - ocean enrichment effectively reduces both the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity . A semi - closed ocean system is provided that allows for the efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high tonnage biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization . The concept methodically capitalizes on the ocean & apos ; s free nutrients , kinetic / potential energy , and expansive surface area to ensure that the mass , energy , and cost balance equations favor our system while taking care to preserve the ocean & apos ; s ecosystem . The system is modular , portable , easily scalable system , and minimizes waste . ; In addition to the above benefits , our concept allows continued adherence to the NEPA and London Protocol by culling the biomass produced by fixing carbon dioxide and limiting iron exposure to the vessel&apos ; s interior . |(EP2438150 A2)|Combining controlled open-ocean iron enrichment with a system for collecting the ensuing biological growth can lead to a fundamental shift towards using marine biomass feedstock for large-scale global biodiesel production. The literature review reveals that open-ocean enrichment effectively reduces both the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity. A semi-closed ocean system is provided that allows for the efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high tonnage biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization. The concept methodically capitalizes on the ocean's free nutrients, kinetic/potential energy, and expansive surface area to ensure that the mass, energy, and cost balance equations favor our system while taking care to preserve the ocean's ecosystem. The system is modular, portable, easily scalable system, and minimizes waste. In addition to the above benefits, our concept allows continued adherence to the NEPA and London Protocol by culling the biomass produced by fixing carbon dioxide and limiting iron exposure to the vessel's interior.|(US8628948 B2)|Combining controlled open-ocean iron enrichment with a system for collecting the ensuing biological growth can lead to a fundamental shift towards using marine biomass feedstock for large-scale global biodiesel production. The literature review reveals that open-ocean enrichment effectively reduces both the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity. A semi-closed ocean system is provided that allows for the efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high tonnage biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization. The concept methodically capitalizes on the ocean's free nutrients, kinetic/potential energy, and expansive surface area to ensure that the mass, energy, and cost balance equations favor our system while taking care to preserve the ocean's ecosystem. The system is modular, portable, easily scalable system, and minimizes waste. In addition to the above benefits, our concept allows continued adherence to the NEPA and London Protocol by culling the biomass produced by fixing carbon dioxide and limiting iron exposure to the vessel's interior.|(WO2010141559 A3)|Combining controlled open-ocean iron enrichment with a system for collecting the ensuing biological growth can lead to a fundamental shift towards using marine biomass feedstock for large-scale global biodiesel production. The literature review reveals that open-ocean enrichment effectively reduces both the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity. A semi-closed ocean system is provided that allows for the efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high tonnage biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization. The concept methodically capitalizes on the ocean's free nutrients, kinetic/potential energy, and expansive surface area to ensure that the mass, energy, and cost balance equations favor our system while taking care to preserve the ocean's ecosystem. The system is modular, portable, easily scalable system, and minimizes waste. In addition to the above benefits, our concept allows continued adherence to the NEPA and London Protocol by culling the biomass produced by fixing carbon dioxide and limiting iron exposure to the vessel's interior.|La combinaison de l'enrichissement en fer contrôlé des océans ouverts et d'un système de collecte de la croissance biologique qui s'ensuit peut conduire à un décalage fondamental vers l'utilisation de charges biomassiques marines dans la production d'un biodiesel général à grande échelle. La revue de la littérature révèle que l'enrichissement des océans ouverts réduit efficacement à la fois la pression partielle du dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique et l'acidité des océans. L'invention concerne un système en océans semi-clos qui permet la culture efficace et la récolte d'une charge biomassique de fort tonnage générée par la fertilisation en fer. Le concept capitalise méthodiquement sur les nutriments libres de l'océan, l'énergie cinétique/potentielle, et la superficie expansive pour garantir que la masse, l'énergie, et les équations coût-équilibre favorisent notre système, tout en veillant à préserver l'écosystème de l'océan. Le système est un système modulaire, portable, facilement adaptable, qui minimise les déchets. En plus des bénéfices ci-dessus, notre concept permet de respecter la législation de l'Agence NEPA et du Protocole de Londres en recueillant la biomasse produite par fixation du dioxyde de carbone et en limitant l'exposition au fer à l'intérieur du réacteur.|(US20140113331 A1)|Combining controlled open-ocean iron enrichment with a system for collecting the ensuing biological growth can lead to a fundamental shift towards using marine biomass feedstock for large-scale global biodiesel production. The literature review reveals that open-ocean enrichment effectively reduces both the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity. A semi-closed ocean system is provided that allows for the efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high tonnage biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization. The concept methodically capitalizes on the ocean's free nutrients, kinetic/potential energy, and expansive surface area to ensure that the mass, energy, and cost balance equations favor our system while taking care to preserve the ocean's ecosystem. The system is modular, portable, easily scalable system, and minimizes waste. In addition to the above benefits, our concept allows continued adherence to the NEPA and London Protocol by culling the biomass produced by fixing carbon dioxide and limiting iron exposure to the vessel's interior.|(BR201013200 A2)|vessel, methods and system for biomass production combining controlled iron enrichment in the open sea with a system for collecting biological growth may lead to a fundamental shift to the utilization of marine biomass feedstock for global large-scale production of biodiesel. literature review reveals that open sea enrichment effectively reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity. a semi-open ocean system is provided to allow efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high ton biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization. the concept methodically capitalizes on the kinetic energy/free potential and nutrients of the ocean, as well as the expansive surface area to ensure that mass, energy and cost balance equations favor our system while preserving the ocean ecosystem.The system is modular, portable, easily scalable, and minimizes waste.In addition to the benefits above, our concept allows for continued adherence to nepa and london protocol by selecting biomass produced by repairing carbon dioxide and limiting exposure of iron to the inside of the vessel.| | Biotechnology | C12M-021/02|C12M-023/18|C12M-023/50|C12M-023/56|C12M-027/20|C12M-035/06|C12M-035/08|C12N-001/12|C12P-005/00|C12P-007/20|C12P-007/64/9|C12P-013/04|C12P-019/04|C12P-021/00|Y02E-050/10 | C12M-021/02|C12M-023/18|C12M-023/50|C12M-023/56|C12M-027/20|C12M-035/06|C12M-035/08|C12N-001/12|C12P-005/00|C12P-007/20|C12P-007/64/9|C12P-013/04|C12P-019/04|C12P-021/00|Y02E-050/10 | C12M|C12M-001/02|C12M-001/24|C12M-003/00|C12N-001/12|C12P|C12P-005/00|C12P-007/20|C12P-007/649|C12P-013/04|C12P-019/04|C12P-021/00 | 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JP2003501078|US20100216203; US20090137025|||US4416993; US20050054101; US4425101; US5589065; US6030535; US6670169; US6768109; US7033478; US20040007452; US20050029174; US20090035856; US20090130704; US20100102004; US20110281340; WO2010141559; WO200075275|US20090130704; US4416993; US20050054101; CN101416059|US20090130704; US6670169; US20090035856; US20050054101; JP2003501078| | (EP2438150)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-See references of WO 2010141559A2||(US8628948)|Applicant references|-Ballester, et al. 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IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity. 2004; 14(2):1543-1546.|-International search report and written opinion dated Feb. 25, 2013 for PCT Application No. US2012/041766.||||||| | LAPSED | (EP2438150)|LAPSED|(US8628948)|LAPSED|(US20140113331)|LAPSED|(WO2010/141559)|LAPSED|(CN102803464)|LAPSED|(BRPI1013200)|LAPSED|(HK1176376)|LAPSED|(AU2010256745)|LAPSED | DEAD | (EP2438150)|DEAD|(US8628948)|DEAD|(US20140113331)|DEAD|(WO2010/141559)|DEAD|(CN102803464)|DEAD|(BRPI1013200)|DEAD|(HK1176376)|DEAD|(AU2010256745)|DEAD | (EP2438150)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP2438150|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-01-05|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2010-06-02|Event code=EP/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=EP EP10783992|Application date=2010-06-02|Standardized application number=2010EP-0783992|Event publication date=2012-03-09|Event code=EP/PUAI|Event group=Administrative notifications|PUBLIC REFERENCE MADE UNDER 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date=2010-06-02|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1653|Event publication date=2010-06-02|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: 40036-701.831|Event publication date=2010-06-02|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 21971|Event publication date=2010-06-02|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2010-06-02|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=No|Event publication date=2011-12-16|Event code=US/M905|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of DO/EO Missing Requirements Mailed|Event publication date=2012-03-26|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:YANCEY, DENNIS DWAYNE, JR.|Reel/frame:027929/0722|OWNER:COASTAL WATERS BIOTECHNOLOGY GROUP, LLC, CALIFORNI|Effective date of the event=2012-02-17|Event publication date=2012-04-12|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2012-05-02|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2012-05-02|Event code=US/M903|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of DO/EO Acceptance Mailed|Event publication date=2012-08-07|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2012-08-09|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20120202274|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2012-08-09|Standardized publication number=US20120202274|Event publication date=2012-08-09|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination 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Art. 86 da lpi [codigo 8.6 rpi]|REFERENTE AS 6A, 7A, 8A E 9A ANUIDADES.|Event publication date=2019-11-12|Event code=BR/B08K|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Lapse as no evidence of payment of the annual fee has been furnished to inpi (acc. art. 87)|Manutencao do arquivamento [codigo 8.11 rpi]|EM VIRTUDE DO ARQUIVAMENTO PUBLICADO NA RPI 2533 DE 23-07-2019 E CONSIDERANDO AUSENCIA DE MANIFESTACAO DENTRO DOS PRAZOS LEGAIS, INFORMO QUE CABE SER MANTIDO O ARQUIVAMENTO DO PEDIDO DE PATENTE, CONFORME O DISPOSTO NO ARTIGO 12, DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013.|Event publication date=2021-10-05|Event code=BR/B350|Event group=Administrative notifications|UPDATE OF INFORMATION ON THE PORTAL [CHAPTER 15.35 PATENT GAZETTE]|Atualizacao de informacoes no portal [codigo 15.35 rpi]|(HK1176376)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR HK1176376|Actual or expected expiration date=2018-07-26|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2013-03-20|Event code=HK/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=HK HK13103485|Application date=2013-03-20|Standardized application number=2013HK-0103485|Event publication date=2013-07-26|Event code=HK/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Standard patent (R) application|Publication country=HK|Publication number=HK1176376|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2013-07-26|Standardized publication number=HK1176376|Event publication date=2018-07-26|Event code=HK/EEDL|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Pending application likely abandoned|(AU2010256745)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR AU2010256745|Actual or expected expiration date=2016-01-07|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2010-06-02|Event code=AU/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=AU AU2010256745|Application date=2010-06-02|Standardized application number=2010AU-0256745|Event publication date=2012-01-19|Event code=AU/A1|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Open to public inspection|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU2010256745|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2012-01-19|Standardized publication number=AU2010256745|Event publication date=2016-01-07|Event code=AU/MK4|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Application lapsed section 142(2)(d) - no continuation fee paid for the application | (EP2438150)|Contracting States: DE, NO, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, LI, RO, NL, TR|(WO2010/141559)|ARIPO: GH, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2010/141559)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2010/141559)|EPO: DE, NO, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2010/141559)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2010/141559)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, BH, JP, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, ST, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PE, PG, PH, PL | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=jP3Nqvhw8Th3bQYV8yfNQm8tmrmn8uQzNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US8628948&ekey=1027&xpn=EP2438150&kind=A2 | https://register.epo.org/application?number=EP10783992 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=xw2om96OhDfVNtz%252BuaPnF3fDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO2010/141559)|US|(WO2010/141559)|US | (WO2010/141559)|NAME=COASTAL WATERS BIOTECHNOLOGY GROUP, LLC 811 Loma Prieta Dr. Aptos, CA 95003 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2010/141559)|NAME=COASTAL WATERS BIOTECHNOLOGY GROUP, LLC 811 Loma Prieta Dr., Aptos, CA 95003 , COUNTRY=US | (EP2438150)|GB||(WO2010/141559)|US|(WO2010/141559)|US||(HK1176376)|HK|(AU2010256745)|AU | (EP2438150)|NAME=Gallagher, Kirk James;D Young & Co LLP 120 Holborn , CITY=London EC1N 2DY , COUNTRY=GB , REG=100049136|(US8628948)|NAME=Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati|(WO2010/141559)|NAME=KIM, Elaine, A. et al. Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati 650 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, CA 94304-1050 , POSTCODE=94304-1050 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2010/141559)|NAME=KIM, Elaine, A. et al. Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, 650 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1050 , COUNTRY=US|(CN102803464)|NAME=CHEN WENPING;KING & WOOD MALLESONS , REG=11256NAME=XU ZHIMING;KING & WOOD MALLESONS , REG=11256|(HK1176376)|NAME=KING & WOOD MALLESONS , COUNTRY=HK|(AU2010256745)|NAME=Pizzeys Level 2, Woden Plaza Offices Woden Town Square Woden , CITY=Canberra , STATE=ACT , POSTCODE=2606 , COUNTRY=AU | (EP2438150)|US|(US8628948)|US|(US20120202274)|US|(US20140113331)|US|(WO2010/141559)|US|(WO2010/141559)|US|||| | (EP2438150)|NAME=YANCEY Jr., Dennis, Dwayne 811 Loma Prieta Dr., CITY=AptosCA 95003, COUNTRY=US|(US8628948)|NAME=Yancey, Jr. Dennis Dwayne, CITY=San Jose, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20120202274)|NAME=Yancey, JR. Dennis Dwayne, CITY=San Jose, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(US20140113331)|NAME=Yancey, JR. Dennis Dwayne, CITY=San Jose, STATE=CA , COUNTRY=US|(WO2010/141559)|NAME=YANCEY Jr., Dennis, Dwayne 811 Loma Prieta Dr. Aptos, CA 95003, POSTCODE=95003, COUNTRY=US|(WO2010/141559)|NAME=YANCEY Jr., Dennis, Dwayne 811 Loma Prieta Dr., Aptos, CA 95003, COUNTRY=US|(CN102803464)|NAME=YANCEY JR. DENNIS DWAYNE|(BRPI1013200)|NAME=Dennis Dwayne Yancey Jr|(HK1176376)|NAME=Dennis Dwayne YANCEY Jr|(AU2010256745)|NAME=Yancey Jr., Dennis Dwayne | Titre: (EP2438150)|Systems and methods for cultivating, harvesting and processing biomass Résumé: (EP2438150)|Combining controlled open-ocean iron enrichment with a system for collecting the ensuing biological growth can lead to a fundamental shift towards using marine biomass feedstock for large-scale global biodiesel production. The literature review reveals that open-ocean enrichment effectively reduces both the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure and ocean acidity. A semi-closed ocean system is provided that allows for the efficient cultivation and harvesting of a high tonnage biomass feedstock generated by iron fertilization. The concept methodically capitalizes on the ocean's free nutrients, kinetic/potential energy, and expansive surface area to ensure that the mass, energy, and cost balance equations favor our system while taking care to preserve the ocean's ecosystem. The system is modular, portable, easily scalable system, and minimizes waste. In addition to the above benefits, our concept allows continued adherence to the NEPA and London Protocol by culling the biomass produced by fixing carbon dioxide and limiting iron exposure to the vessel's interior. | 55.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The article discusses iron enrichment in the ocean to stimulate biological growth, which aligns with the goals of ocean iron fertilization for carbon dioxide reduction and biomass production. | 18.0 | 21.0 | (US20140113331)|2|(US8628948)|2|(CN102803464)|4||(AU2010256745)|4 | (US20140113331)|7|(US8628948)|17|(CN102803464)|17||(AU2010256745)|17 | (US8628948)|19|(US20120202274)|21|(US20140113331)|9|(WO2010/141559)|21|(CN102803464)|21|(AU2010256745)|21 | 1.0 | 43.0 | 7.0 | (US20140113331)|14|(US8628948)|14|(CN102803464)|14||(AU2010256745)|16 | 5.0 | 8.0 | (EP2438150)|WO2010/141559|(US8628948)|WO2010/141559|(US20140113331)|WO2010/141559|(CN102803464)|WO2010/141559|(BRPI1013200)|WO2010/141559|(HK1176376)|WO2010/141559|(AU2010256745)|WO2010/141559 | (US8628948)|Number of Claims: NCL=19|Number of Drawings: NDR=7|Number of Figures: NFG=20|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,5|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Noakes Suzanne M|Art Unit.: ART =1653||(US20120202274)|Number of Claims: NCL=21|Number of Drawings: NDR=7|Number of Figures: NFG=20|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,6,13,19|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=4|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Noakes Suzanne M|Art Unit.: ART =1653||(US20140113331)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Number of Drawings: NDR=7|Number of Figures: NFG=20|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,7|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1||(WO2010/141559)|Number of Claims: NCL=21|Extended kind: EXTK=z||(CN102803464)|Number of Claims: NCL=21|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2012-11-28|Gazette number: GAZNUM=28-48|Substantial examination effective date: 20130123|Number of Pages: NPAGES=30||(AU2010256745)|Number of Claims: NCL=21| | (US8628948)|Provisional Appl: US61/183,447 FDD=2009-06-02 [2009US-61183447]|Provisional Appl: US61/263,340 FDD=2009-11-20 [2009US-61263340]|Previous publication: US20120202274 A1 2012-08-09 [US20120202274]|(US20140113331)|Division of: US13/375,220 FDD=2012-02-16 [2010US-13375220]|Division of: US8628948 |Division of: WOUS2010/037037 FDD=2010-06-02 [2010WO-US37037]|Division of: US13/375,220 FDD=2012-02-16 [2012US-13375220]|Provisional Appl: US61/183,447 FDD=2009-06-02 [2009US-61183447]|Provisional Appl: US61/263,340 FDD=2009-11-20 [2009US-61263340] | (EP2438150)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (BR201013200)|Patent|(US20140113331)|Patent|(US8628948)|Patent|(HK1176376)|Patent|(CN102803464)|Patent|(BR201013200)|Patent|(US20120202274)|Patent|(EP2438150)|Patent|(AU2010256745)|Patent|(WO2010141559)|Patent|(WO2010141559)|Patent | |||||||||||||
| 64 | CN202410204056 | CN202410204056 | CN118026381 | 109778169 | CN118026381 A 2024-05-14 [CN118026381] | 2024-02-23 | 2024-02-23 | 2024-05-14 | (CN118026381)|2044-02-23 | (CN118026381)|Marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink increase method | (CN118026381)|The invention discloses a marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink increasing method, which is characterized in that alkaline minerals are added into on-site enclosure seawater to obtain an inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink increasing seawater system. Cheap mixed alkaline minerals with different particle sizes are added into on-site seawater, the mineral type proportion is adjusted, and the particle characteristics are regulated and controlled; by utilizing the synergistic effect of four mechanisms of a solubility pump, a biological carbon pump, a microbial carbon pump and a carbonate pump in seawater, the sedimentation efficiency of a microbial organic matter-mineral complex is improved, and the loss of granular organic carbon is retarded, so that the carbon storage efficiency and the carbon sequestration capacity of seawater are improved, and the carbon dioxide sequestration increase of the ocean is realized. | CNOOC CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL|CNOOC TIANJIN CHEMICAL RESEARCH & DESIGN INSTITUTE | (CN118026381)|CNOOC TIANJIN CHEMICAL RESEARCH & DESIGN INSTITUTE CO. LTD. ([CN])|CNOOC - CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION | ZHOU WEI|ZANG JIAZHONG|LI BIN|LIU KAIYUAN|LAI XIAOLING|HONG LUWEI|MI ZHENRUI | (CN118026381)|ZHOU WEI|ZANG JIAZHONG|LI BIN|LIU KAIYUAN|LAI XIAOLING|HONG LUWEI|MI ZHENRUI | (CN118026381)|MA QIAN;TIANJIN SHANGYI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY(GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 12217 | (CN118026381)|Notably, the limited dissolution rate of alkaline minerals affects the efficiency of carbon storage; on the other hand, the solubility pump is a passive physicochemical process, is limited by the ambient water temperature, and has limited influence on the carbon storage efficiency. Thus, increasing the solubility of alkaline minerals is a key problem to be solved for increasing the carbon sink effect.| | (CN118026381)|1. A method for storing carbon and increasing sink by marine inorganic and organic combination is characterized by comprising the following steps: specifically, alkaline minerals are added into on-site enclosing seawater to obtain an inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink-increasing seawater system, so that inorganic and organic combined carbon fixation is realized.| | (CN118026381)|The invention discloses a method for storing carbon and increasing sink by inorganic and organic combination of ocean.|The invention provides a method for storing carbon and increasing sink by marine inorganic and organic combination, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.|The invention relates to the field of marine carbon storage and exchange enhancement, in particular to a marine inorganic and organic combined carbon storage and exchange enhancement method.| | (CN118026381)|CARBON STORAGE(100,14)|MARINE(100,13)|ALKALINE MINERAL(100,11)|CARBON(100,4)|SINK(100,4)|AUXILIARY ALKALINE MINERAL(81,8)|SERPENTINE POTASSIUM FELDSPAR(60,2)|SOLUBILITY PUMP(49,4)|SEAWATER(40,11)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE(39,1)|SINK INCREASING SEAWATER(35,3)|ORGANIC COMBINED CARBON FIXATION(34,2)|SEAWATER CARBON SINK CAPACITY(32,2)|OFFSHORE OLIGOTROPHIC SALT SEAWATER(30,3)|SEDIMENTATION(30,2)|ARTIFICIAL WAVE SCOURING PERIOD(30,1)|SEA(28,2)|CARBONATE PUMP(26,3)|OCEAN CARBON DIOXIDE(25,2)|CARBON FIXATION(23,14)|CARBON COMBINATION STORAGE(23,1)|LIMITED DISSOLUTION(23,1)|PASSIVE PHYSICOCHEMICAL(23,1)|CARBON STORAGE EFFICIENCY(20,3)|ORGANIC COMBINED CARBON STORAGE(20,1)|BIOTITE(19,2)|MEASURING RELATED PARAMETER(19,1)|ATTAPULGITE MASS RATIO(18,2)|CALCITE(18,2)|ORGANIC CARBON GRANULE(17,3)|QINGDAO BAY COAST(17,1)|TOTAL SUM(17,1)|CARBON SINK(16,6)|ATTAPULGITE MIXED MINERAL(15,3)|OFFSHORE SEAWATER(14,2)|ATTAPULGITE PARTICLE SIZE(13,9)|AMBIENT WATER TEMPERATURE(13,1)|CALCIFIED ORGANISM GROWTH(13,1)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE FIELD(13,1)|PHYSICOCHEMICAL(13,1)|POPULARIZATION INDUSTRIALIZATION(13,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH(12,2)|ALKALINE MINERAL OLIVINE(11,1)|ENRICHING SEAWATER SILICON(11,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC SEAWATER(11,1)|ABSORBENT REGENERATION(10,1)|ARTIFICIAL SEA WAVE SCOURING(10,1)|CHEAP OLIVINE(10,1)|MARINE ACIDIFICATION(10,1)|MARINE SINK(10,1)|SILICATE NUTRIENT SALT(10,1)|POOLING(9,5)|MINERAL MIX(8,3)|AUTOGENOUS CARBONATE YIELD(8,1)|CALCAREOUS SHELL(8,1)|MICROBIAL CARBON PUMP TRANSFORMATION(8,1)|OCEAN ALKALINE DEVELOPMENT(8,1)|OLIVINE MIXED MINERAL(8,1)|SIMULATION EXPERIMENT(8,1)|SALINITY(7,3)|ALKALINE MINERAL DISSOLUTION(7,2)|ACCELERATE CONSUMPTION(7,1)|ALKALINE MINERAL WEATHERING(7,1)|ATMOSPHERIC RESERVOIR(7,1)|BICARBONATE GENERATION(7,1)|MICROBIAL PUMP(7,1)|MICROBIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP(7,1)|WIDESPREAD ATTENTION(7,1)|CARBON STORAGE SUBSTANCE(6,2)|NUTRIENT SALT CONCENTRATION(6,2)|SEA AREA SEAWATER(6,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE PARTIAL PRESSURE(5,3)|ADJUSTING MINERAL(5,1)|ARTIFICIAL WAVE FLUSHING PERIOD(5,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE MINERALIZATION(5,1)|CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA(5,1)|INORGANIC CARBON FIXATION CAPABILITY(5,1)|MICROBIAL CARBON PUMP ACTION(5,1)|NEAR SHORE SEAWATER(5,1)|NEGATIVE EMISSION(5,1)| | (CN118026381)|1. A method for storing carbon and increasing sink by marine inorganic and organic combination is characterized by comprising the following steps: specifically, alkaline minerals are added into on-site enclosing seawater to obtain an inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink-increasing seawater system, so that inorganic and organic combined carbon fixation is realized.|2. The method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the alkaline minerals are attapulgite and auxiliary alkaline minerals; the auxiliary alkaline mineral is one or a combination of more of olivine, calcite, serpentine potassium feldspar or biotite.|3. The method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink enhancement according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.1-1.0 mu m, and the particle size of the auxiliary alkaline mineral is 20-2.0 mm.|4. The method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink enhancement according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the mass ratio of the attapulgite to the auxiliary alkaline mineral is (0.1-5): 1.|5. The method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the addition amount of the alkaline mineral is 200g/m 2.|6. The method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the evaluation method of the inorganic and organic combined carbon fixation comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out artificial wave scouring and accelerated weathering on the inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and exchange increasing seawater system, measuring related parameters, and evaluating the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capacity.|7. The method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink enhancement according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the period of the artificial wave scouring is 0.2-1.0 s.|8. The method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink enhancement according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the related parameters comprise the pH value, the alkalinity, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, the concentration of nutrient salts and the total sum of organic matters of the water body. | (CN118026381)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the field of marine carbon storage and exchange enhancement, in particular to a marine inorganic and organic combined carbon storage and exchange enhancement method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean is the largest active carbon reservoir on earth with carbon dioxide storage at 93% of the total carbon storage on earth, and scales 20 and 50 times that of land and atmospheric reservoirs, respectively. Accordingly, marine sink enhancement and negative emission technologies have received widespread attention in recent years. The concept is mainly based on mechanisms such as a solubility pump, a biological pump, a micro biological carbon pump and a carbonate pump or a combination thereof to develop corresponding technical methods so as to increase the yield of carbon storage substances such as granular organic carbon, autogenous carbonate and the like, ensure that the carbon storage substances are output to the deep sea efficiently and realize long-time scale carbon fixation.|[0003] The alkaline mineral exchange-increasing technology mainly uses the addition of olives Dan Kuangwu in seawater, and utilizes the wind effect and the regulation effect on the alkalinity of the water body to accelerate the consumption of carbon dioxide and the generation of bicarbonate in the water body and increase the yield of autogenous carbonate, so that the ocean carbon fixing capacity is improved, and the total reaction equation is expressed as follows:|[0004] Mg2SiO4+4H2O+4CO2→2Mg2++4HCO3-+H4SiO4|[0005] The increased alkalinity of alkaline mineral dissolution can be used to repair surface marine acidification and is beneficial to maintaining the growth of calcified organisms (such as coral with calcareous shells). In addition, the dissolution of the alkaline mineral olivine or attapulgite can also generate silicic acid, which is beneficial to the growth of primary producers such as diatom, and the release of trace iron elements contained in the alkaline mineral is also often a nutrient element for limiting the growth of phytoplankton. Therefore, the alkaline mineral weathering can not only increase the ocean carbon flux by increasing the alkalinity to absorb more CO 2, but also promote the phytoplankton growth by releasing silicon and iron, increase the pH value of the surface seawater, and simultaneously stimulate the biological pump and the micro biological carbon pump to increase the carbon flux and the carbon sequestration. |[0006] Notably, the limited dissolution rate of alkaline minerals affects the efficiency of carbon storage; on the other hand, the solubility pump is a passive physicochemical process, is limited by the ambient water temperature, and has limited influence on the carbon storage efficiency. Thus, increasing the solubility of alkaline minerals is a key problem to be solved for increasing the carbon sink effect.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] The invention provides a method for storing carbon and increasing sink by marine inorganic and organic combination, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.|[0008] The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:|[0009] A method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and exchange enhancement comprises the following steps: |[0010] 200g of alkaline minerals are added into the on-site enclosing seawater per square meter to obtain an inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink-increasing seawater system; |[0011] And (ii) carrying out artificial wave scouring and accelerated weathering on the inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink-increasing seawater system obtained in the step (i), carrying out measurement of related parameters, and evaluating the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capacity. |[0012] In the technical scheme, the alkaline minerals are attapulgite and auxiliary alkaline minerals; the auxiliary alkaline mineral is one or a combination of more of olivine, calcite, serpentine potassium feldspar or biotite.|[0013] In the technical scheme, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.1-1.0 mu m, and the particle size of the auxiliary alkaline mineral is 20-2.0 mm.|[0014] In the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the attapulgite to the auxiliary alkaline mineral is (0.1-5): 1.|[0015] In the technical scheme, the period of the artificial wave flushing is 0.2 s-1.0 s.|[0016] In the above technical scheme, the related parameters include the pH value, alkalinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, nutrient salt concentration and total organic matters of the water body.|[0017] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0018] The invention provides a method for storing carbon and increasing sink by marine inorganic and organic combination, which comprises the steps of adding cheap olivine and attapulgite (palygorskite) mixed minerals with different particle sizes into on-site seawater, adjusting mineral type proportion, regulating particle characteristics, and carrying out wave energy simulation experiments; by utilizing the synergistic effect of four mechanisms of a solubility pump, a biological carbon pump, a microbial carbon pump and a carbonate pump in the sea water, the sedimentation efficiency of a microbial organic matter-mineral complex is improved, and the loss of granular organic carbon is retarded, so that the carbon storage efficiency and carbon sink capacity of the sea water are improved, and the ocean carbon dioxide enrichment is realized. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0019] In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical scheme of the present invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.|[0020] Example 1|[0021] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of near-shore seawater at the end of spring (5 months) of yellow sea (Qingdao Bay), which comprises the following experimental steps:|[0022] (1) The method comprises the steps of using mixed minerals of olivine and attapulgite, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 30 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3; |[0023] (2) The method comprises the steps of adding olivine and attapulgite mixed minerals into seawater of a selected sea area by taking seawater (with the salinity of 32.53) on the coast of a Qingdao Bay of 5 months as an experimental water body, flushing by artificial sea waves, and evaluating the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capabilities. |[0024] Example 2|[0025] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of offshore seawater at the end of spring (5 months) of yellow sea (Qingdao Bay) is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:|[0026] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 50 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3. |[0027] Example 3|[0028] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of offshore seawater at the end of spring (5 months) of yellow sea (Qingdao Bay) is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:|[0029] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 30 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.1 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3. |[0030] Example 4|[0031] An inorganic-organic combined exchange-increasing method for offshore oligotrophic salt seawater (salinity of 35.47) in summer (7 months) of south China sea (Sanyingshan bay) comprises the following experimental steps:|[0032] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 50 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3; |[0033] (2) The method comprises the steps of adding olivine and attapulgite mixed minerals into seawater of a selected sea area by taking oligotrophic seawater (salinity is 35.47) of the Chaenomeles speciosa (7 months) as an experimental water body, washing by artificial sea waves, and evaluating the capability of inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation. |[0034] Example 5|[0035] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of offshore oligotrophic salt seawater in summer (7 months) of south China sea (Sanyingwan), which is different from the method of the embodiment 4 in that:|[0036] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 30 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3. |[0037] Example 6|[0038] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of offshore oligotrophic salt seawater in summer (7 months) of south China sea (Sanyingwan), which is different from the method of the embodiment 4 in that:|[0039] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 30 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.1 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3. |[0040] Comparative example 1|[0041] The method is characterized in that purified water is used as an experimental water body, olivine Dan Lijing is added at 30 mu m, the particle size of attapulgite is 0.1 mu m, the mixing mass ratio of olivine to attapulgite is 2:3, and the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capabilities are evaluated by artificial sea wave scouring.|[0042] Comparison with example 1 shows that: the seawater contains microorganisms and phytoplankton, accelerates the dissolution of alkaline minerals, and improves the carbon fixing efficiency and the carbon fixing amount.|[0043] The test water bodies after 1 month of the action of examples 1 to 6 and comparative example were subjected to measurement of pH value, alkalinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, nutrient salt concentration and total organic matter, and the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capacities were evaluated, and the comparative data are shown in Table 1.|[0044] Table 1: comparison of inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capacities of different experimental water bodies within the same action time|[0045] |[0046] As can be seen from the comparison of the above examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1, the mixed minerals of the attapulgite and the olivine are introduced into the seawater, the attapulgite is added to consume the hydroxide of the water body, and the pH value of the water body is reduced, so that the dissolution efficiency of the olivine is improved, and the dissolution of the olivine in the seawater improves the alkalinity TA. The olivine is dissolved to release silicate nutrient salt D Si to increase, and simultaneously promote the carbon fixation of a biological pump and a microbial pump, and the attapulgite is added to cause the effect of enriching seawater silicon and nitrogen, promote phytoplankton growth and improve photosynthesis and carbon fixation, so that the partial pressure of CO 2 can be reduced. The photosynthetic carbon fixation synthesis organic matter secretes water, improves the concentration of seawater dissolved organic carbon, can form more inert dissolved organic carbon through the transformation of a microbial carbon pump, improves the action of the microbial carbon pump, and the total organic matter can be obviously increased, thereby improving carbon sink.|[0047] In conclusion, the method is simple and easy to operate, has low cost, combines the ocean carbon sink with the carbon dioxide mineralization technology, develops the research and development of the ocean alkaline mineral carbon fixation technology, improves the carbon fixation rate, increases the carbon sink capacity, has stable property of the regenerated absorbent, and is favorable for industrialized popularization.|[0048] The applicant declares that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that are easily conceivable within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention and the disclosure. | (CN118026381)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the field of marine carbon storage and exchange enhancement, in particular to a marine inorganic and organic combined carbon storage and exchange enhancement method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean is the largest active carbon reservoir on earth with carbon dioxide storage at 93% of the total carbon storage on earth, and scales 20 and 50 times that of land and atmospheric reservoirs, respectively. Accordingly, marine sink enhancement and negative emission technologies have received widespread attention in recent years. The concept is mainly based on mechanisms such as a solubility pump, a biological pump, a micro biological carbon pump and a carbonate pump or a combination thereof to develop corresponding technical methods so as to increase the yield of carbon storage substances such as granular organic carbon, autogenous carbonate and the like, ensure that the carbon storage substances are output to the deep sea efficiently and realize long-time scale carbon fixation.|[0003] The alkaline mineral exchange-increasing technology mainly uses the addition of olives Dan Kuangwu in seawater, and utilizes the wind effect and the regulation effect on the alkalinity of the water body to accelerate the consumption of carbon dioxide and the generation of bicarbonate in the water body and increase the yield of autogenous carbonate, so that the ocean carbon fixing capacity is improved, and the total reaction equation is expressed as follows:|[0004] Mg2SiO4+4H2O+4CO2→2Mg2++4HCO3-+H4SiO4|[0005] The increased alkalinity of alkaline mineral dissolution can be used to repair surface marine acidification and is beneficial to maintaining the growth of calcified organisms (such as coral with calcareous shells). In addition, the dissolution of the alkaline mineral olivine or attapulgite can also generate silicic acid, which is beneficial to the growth of primary producers such as diatom, and the release of trace iron elements contained in the alkaline mineral is also often a nutrient element for limiting the growth of phytoplankton. Therefore, the alkaline mineral weathering can not only increase the ocean carbon flux by increasing the alkalinity to absorb more CO 2, but also promote the phytoplankton growth by releasing silicon and iron, increase the pH value of the surface seawater, and simultaneously stimulate the biological pump and the micro biological carbon pump to increase the carbon flux and the carbon sequestration. |[0006] Notably, the limited dissolution rate of alkaline minerals affects the efficiency of carbon storage; on the other hand, the solubility pump is a passive physicochemical process, is limited by the ambient water temperature, and has limited influence on the carbon storage efficiency. Thus, increasing the solubility of alkaline minerals is a key problem to be solved for increasing the carbon sink effect.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] The invention provides a method for storing carbon and increasing sink by marine inorganic and organic combination, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.|[0008] The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:|[0009] A method for marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and exchange enhancement comprises the following steps: |[0010] 200g of alkaline minerals are added into the on-site enclosing seawater per square meter to obtain an inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink-increasing seawater system; |[0011] And (ii) carrying out artificial wave scouring and accelerated weathering on the inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink-increasing seawater system obtained in the step (i), carrying out measurement of related parameters, and evaluating the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capacity. |[0012] In the technical scheme, the alkaline minerals are attapulgite and auxiliary alkaline minerals; the auxiliary alkaline mineral is one or a combination of more of olivine, calcite, serpentine potassium feldspar or biotite.|[0013] In the technical scheme, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.1-1.0 mu m, and the particle size of the auxiliary alkaline mineral is 20-2.0 mm.|[0014] In the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the attapulgite to the auxiliary alkaline mineral is (0.1-5): 1.|[0015] In the technical scheme, the period of the artificial wave flushing is 0.2 s-1.0 s.|[0016] In the above technical scheme, the related parameters include the pH value, alkalinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, nutrient salt concentration and total organic matters of the water body.|[0017] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0018] The invention provides a method for storing carbon and increasing sink by marine inorganic and organic combination, which comprises the steps of adding cheap olivine and attapulgite (palygorskite) mixed minerals with different particle sizes into on-site seawater, adjusting mineral type proportion, regulating particle characteristics, and carrying out wave energy simulation experiments; by utilizing the synergistic effect of four mechanisms of a solubility pump, a biological carbon pump, a microbial carbon pump and a carbonate pump in the sea water, the sedimentation efficiency of a microbial organic matter-mineral complex is improved, and the loss of granular organic carbon is retarded, so that the carbon storage efficiency and carbon sink capacity of the sea water are improved, and the ocean carbon dioxide enrichment is realized. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0019] In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical scheme of the present invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.|[0020] Example 1|[0021] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of near-shore seawater at the end of spring (5 months) of yellow sea (Qingdao Bay), which comprises the following experimental steps:|[0022] (1) The method comprises the steps of using mixed minerals of olivine and attapulgite, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 30 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3; |[0023] (2) The method comprises the steps of adding olivine and attapulgite mixed minerals into seawater of a selected sea area by taking seawater (with the salinity of 32.53) on the coast of a Qingdao Bay of 5 months as an experimental water body, flushing by artificial sea waves, and evaluating the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capabilities. |[0024] Example 2|[0025] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of offshore seawater at the end of spring (5 months) of yellow sea (Qingdao Bay) is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:|[0026] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 50 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3. |[0027] Example 3|[0028] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of offshore seawater at the end of spring (5 months) of yellow sea (Qingdao Bay) is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:|[0029] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 30 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.1 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3. |[0030] Example 4|[0031] An inorganic-organic combined exchange-increasing method for offshore oligotrophic salt seawater (salinity of 35.47) in summer (7 months) of south China sea (Sanyingshan bay) comprises the following experimental steps:|[0032] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 50 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3; |[0033] (2) The method comprises the steps of adding olivine and attapulgite mixed minerals into seawater of a selected sea area by taking oligotrophic seawater (salinity is 35.47) of the Chaenomeles speciosa (7 months) as an experimental water body, washing by artificial sea waves, and evaluating the capability of inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation. |[0034] Example 5|[0035] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of offshore oligotrophic salt seawater in summer (7 months) of south China sea (Sanyingwan), which is different from the method of the embodiment 4 in that:|[0036] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 30 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3. |[0037] Example 6|[0038] An inorganic-organic combined method for increasing the pooling of offshore oligotrophic salt seawater in summer (7 months) of south China sea (Sanyingwan), which is different from the method of the embodiment 4 in that:|[0039] (1) The mixed mineral of olivine and attapulgite is used, wherein the olivine Dan Lijing is 30 mu m, the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.1 mu m, and the mixing mass ratio of the olivine to the attapulgite is 2:3. |[0040] Comparative example 1|[0041] The method is characterized in that purified water is used as an experimental water body, olivine Dan Lijing is added at 30 mu m, the particle size of attapulgite is 0.1 mu m, the mixing mass ratio of olivine to attapulgite is 2:3, and the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capabilities are evaluated by artificial sea wave scouring.|[0042] Comparison with example 1 shows that: the seawater contains microorganisms and phytoplankton, accelerates the dissolution of alkaline minerals, and improves the carbon fixing efficiency and the carbon fixing amount.|[0043] The test water bodies after 1 month of the action of examples 1 to 6 and comparative example were subjected to measurement of pH value, alkalinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, nutrient salt concentration and total organic matter, and the inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capacities were evaluated, and the comparative data are shown in Table 1.|[0044] Table 1: comparison of inorganic carbon fixation and organic carbon fixation capacities of different experimental water bodies within the same action time|[0045] |[0046] As can be seen from the comparison of the above examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1, the mixed minerals of the attapulgite and the olivine are introduced into the seawater, the attapulgite is added to consume the hydroxide of the water body, and the pH value of the water body is reduced, so that the dissolution efficiency of the olivine is improved, and the dissolution of the olivine in the seawater improves the alkalinity TA. The olivine is dissolved to release silicate nutrient salt D Si to increase, and simultaneously promote the carbon fixation of a biological pump and a microbial pump, and the attapulgite is added to cause the effect of enriching seawater silicon and nitrogen, promote phytoplankton growth and improve photosynthesis and carbon fixation, so that the partial pressure of CO 2 can be reduced. The photosynthetic carbon fixation synthesis organic matter secretes water, improves the concentration of seawater dissolved organic carbon, can form more inert dissolved organic carbon through the transformation of a microbial carbon pump, improves the action of the microbial carbon pump, and the total organic matter can be obviously increased, thereby improving carbon sink.|[0047] In conclusion, the method is simple and easy to operate, has low cost, combines the ocean carbon sink with the carbon dioxide mineralization technology, develops the research and development of the ocean alkaline mineral carbon fixation technology, improves the carbon fixation rate, increases the carbon sink capacity, has stable property of the regenerated absorbent, and is favorable for industrialized popularization.|[0048] The applicant declares that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that are easily conceivable within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention and the disclosure. | Family Number|(109778169)|109778169|Abstract|(CN118026381 A)|The invention discloses a marine inorganic - organic combined carbon storage and sink increasing method , which is characterized in that alkaline minerals are added into on - site enclosure seawater to obtain an inorganic - organic combined carbon storage and sink increasing seawater system . Cheap mixed alkaline minerals with different particle sizes are added into on - site seawater , the mineral type proportion is adjusted , and the particle characteristics are regulated and controlled ; by utilizing the synergistic effect of four mechanisms of a solubility pump , a biological carbon pump , a microbial carbon pump and a carbonate pump in seawater , the sedimentation efficiency of a microbial organic matter - mineral complex is improved , and the loss of granular organic carbon is retarded , so that the carbon storage efficiency and the carbon sequestration capacity of seawater are improved , and the carbon dioxide sequestration increase of the ocean is realized . | | Environmental technology | C02F-001/66|C02F-003/34/8|C02F-2103/08|C02F-2305/12 | C02F-001/66|C02F-003/34/8|C02F-2103/08|C02F-2305/12 | C02F-001/66|C02F-003/34|C02F-103/08 | C02F-001/66|C02F-003/34|C02F-103/08 | CN118954566|CN118684342|CN121020691B | CN118954566 112217051 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118684342 111564045 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN121020691B 116825061 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN115779809|CN115678763 | CN115779809 104096188 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=Y CAT=X|CN115678763 103739852 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y | 王誉泽等: "“三泵集成”打造海洋 CO2负排放生态工程”", 《中国科学院院刊》, vol. 36, no. 3, 11 March 2021 (2021-03-11), pages 280 - 283 (Cat. Y) | CN115678763; CN115779809 | PENDING | (CN118026381)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN118026381)|ALIVE | (CN118026381)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN118026381|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-02-23|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2024-02-23|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202410204056|Application date=2024-02-23|Standardized application number=2024CN-0204056|Event publication date=2024-05-14|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN118026381|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-05-14|Standardized publication number=CN118026381|Event publication date=2024-05-14|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-05-31|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN118026381)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoTPvxBf/An7VVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000072667503&ekey=2056&xpn=CN118026381&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=MZ6Wd7L694ChD%252BUkAIGryZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN118026381)|CN | (CN118026381)|NAME=CNOOC TIANJIN CHEMICAL RESEARCH & DESIGN INSTITUTE CO. LTD. , COUNTRY=CN | (CN118026381)|NAME=MA QIAN;TIANJIN SHANGYI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY(GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=12217 | (CN118026381)|NAME=ZHOU WEI|NAME=ZANG JIAZHONG|NAME=LI BIN|NAME=LIU KAIYUAN|NAME=LAI XIAOLING|NAME=HONG LUWEI|NAME=MI ZHENRUI | Titre: (CN118026381)|Marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink increase method Résumé: (CN118026381)|The invention discloses a marine inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink increasing method, which is characterized in that alkaline minerals are added into on-site enclosure seawater to obtain an inorganic-organic combined carbon storage and sink increasing seawater system. Cheap mixed alkaline minerals with different particle sizes are added into on-site seawater, the mineral type proportion is adjusted, and the particle characteristics are regulated and controlled; by utilizing the synergistic effect of four mechanisms of a solubility pump, a biological carbon pump, a microbial carbon pump and a carbonate pump in seawater, the sedimentation efficiency of a microbial organic matter-mineral complex is improved, and the loss of granular organic carbon is retarded, so that the carbon storage efficiency and the carbon sequestration capacity of seawater are improved, and the carbon dioxide sequestration increase of the ocean is realized. | 56.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses a method for increasing carbon storage in seawater using alkaline minerals, which may relate to carbon sequestration but does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 2.0 | 3.0 | (CN118026381)|1 | (CN118026381)|7 | (CN118026381)|8 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN118026381)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-05-14|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-2001|Number of Pages: NPAGES=6| | (CN118026381)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN118026381)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 65 | CN202110649345 | CN202110649345 | CN113233717 | 95594230 | CN113233717 A 2021-08-10 [CN113233717] | 2021-06-10 | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-10 | (CN113233717)|2023-07-07 | (CN113233717)|Carbon neutralization treatment method based on carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering | (CN113233717)|The invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering, and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in the ocean engineering comprises the following steps that 1, wastewater is conveyed into a stirring pool through four water pumps and a water conveying pipeline, and the wastewater is conveyed downwards through a wheel disc set in the stirring pool; 2, a large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set, grooves are evenly formed in the annular upper side and the annular lower side of the inner side of the large steel pipe, and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nanometer films; and 3, the wastewater flows into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe, potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and the wastewater stands for 30 min after being guided into the sedimentation tank. The carbon neutralization effect is realized under the combined action of heating separation of carbonate, chemical replacement of carbonate and biological carbon sequestration, then the solubility is changed by heating water, and different types of salts are discharged at different positions and can be recycled. | TIANJING UNIVERSITY | (CN113233717)|DING HONGYU ([CN]) | YU JIANXING|DING HONGYU|YU YANG | (CN113233717)|YU JIANXING|DING HONGYU|YU YANG | (CN113233717)|LÜ SHENGSEN;BEIJING YICHUANMING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (SPECIAL GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 11765 | (CN113233717)|1. the invention pumps the waste water into the inner side of a stirring pool through a water pump, large impurities in the waste water can be discharged outside under the action of a metal net, the waste water is uniformly stirred through a wheel disc group and then is conveyed to the inner side of a large steel tube, carbon dioxide is absorbed under the action of sodium hydroxide in a groove in the inner side of the large steel tube, a 35NM nano-film is arranged on the outer side of the groove, the gap of the nano-film is smaller than the size of water molecules and larger than the size of carbon dioxide molecules, so that water cannot contact the sodium hydroxide through the film, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide cannot be influenced, other reactions cannot be generated, carbonate in the water is replaced by potassium silicate, ammonium hydrogen chloride reacts with potassium carbonate in the water, the carbon dioxide can float upwards to react with the sodium hydroxide in the groove above, and finally falls into a heating pool, the solubility of salt is changed through heating, thus discharging part of slightly soluble carbonates, and finally dispersing blue algae to the water surface through a dispersion machine when discharging the treated water, reducing the carbon content through photosynthesis, and realizing the function of reducing the carbon content in ocean engineering.| | (CN113233717)|1. A carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:step 1: conveying the wastewater into a stirring tank through four water pumps and water pipelines, and conveying the wastewater downwards through a wheel disc group in the stirring tank;step 2: the large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set, grooves are uniformly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring of the large steel pipe, and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nano films;and step 3: allowing the wastewater to flow into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe, wherein potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and allowing the wastewater to stand for 30min after being introduced into the sedimentation tank;and 4, step 4: adding ammonium chloride into a sedimentation tank, stirring, introducing a calcium hydroxide solution into the solution, and introducing the upper solution in the sedimentation tank into a heating tank through a water pipe with a filter screen;and 5: continuously heating the wastewater led into the heating pool to 50 ℃ for 10min, placing a collecting tank filled with a sodium hydroxide solution on the upper side of the heating pool, and covering the outer side of the collecting tank with a nano-film;step 6: a cotton rope is fixedly connected in the middle of the inner side of the heating pool, and the other end of the cotton rope is fixedly connected right above the heating pool through a supporting rod;and 7: and discharging the water in the upper layer of the heating pool to the outside through the water pump and the water outlet pipeline.| | (CN113233717)|Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering, and solves the problems that the treatment efficiency of carbon is low and other operations cannot be carried out while carbon reduction is carried out in the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering.|The invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering, and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering.|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering.| | (CN113233717)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(100,25)|CARBON REDUCTION(100,20)|CARBON NEUTRALIZATION TREATMENT(100,17)|WASTEWATER(67,24)|COTTON ROPE(50,12)|STIRRED TANK(49,11)|SEDIMENTATION TANK(48,24)|POOL HEATING(41,11)|COLLECTION TANK(40,6)|METHANEDIONE(39,4)|NANO FILM(33,6)|STIRRING POOL(33,1)|FINALLY DISPERSING BLUE ALGA(32,1)|METHANEDIONE MOLECULE SIZE(27,1)|REPLACEMENT CARBONATE(27,1)|SODIUM HYDROXIDE(26,10)|DISPERSION MACHINE(25,1)|POTASSIUM SILICATE(24,8)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(24,1)|ANNULAR ROTOR DISC(23,3)|CARBON CONTENT(23,3)|HEATED TANK(22,6)|WATER OUTLET PIPELINE(22,3)|FILTER SCREEN(21,6)|HEATING SEPARATION CARBONATE(21,1)|WHEEL DISC GROUP(20,5)|FINE WOOL NET(20,3)|STIRRING PADDLE(20,3)|NANOFILM(18,4)|DISCHARGING(18,1)|BLUE ALGA(16,4)|SUPPORT ROD(16,3)|HEAT SEPARATION(16,1)|METAL NET ACTION(16,1)|SODIUM HYDROXIDE ACTION(16,1)|LARGE STEEL PIPE(15,16)|REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE(15,3)|METALLIC NET(15,1)|WATER TREATMENT(15,1)|CALCIUM HYDROXIDE(14,6)|SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION(14,6)|LARGE IMPURITY(14,1)|POTASSIUM CARBONATE(14,1)|WATER PUMP(13,8)|AMMONIUM CHLORIDE(13,6)|CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION(13,3)|SOLID CARBON(13,1)|WATER PIPELINE(12,7)|CACTUS(11,3)|METAL PROTECTIVE NET(11,3)|ACTION COMBINATION(11,1)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF ENGINEERING(10,1)|HEATING WATER(10,1)|SOLUBLE(10,1)|WASTEWATER DISCHARGE(9,3)|LARGE STEEL TUBE(9,2)|AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CHLORIDE(9,1)|WATER MOLECULE(9,1)|WHEEL DISC SET(8,4)|TACHOMETER(8,3)|UPPER SOLUTION(8,3)|WATER INLET(8,3)|SEAWATER COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION(8,1)|INNER RING(7,4)|UPPER LAYER(7,3)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION(7,1)|FIXEDLY CONNECTED RIGHT(6,3)|WATER PIPE(6,3)|LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING(6,1)|SEABED PIPELINE(6,1)|STAINLESS STEEL(5,4)|COLLECTING TANK OUTER SIDE(5,3)|CREATIVE EFFORT(5,1)|EXTENSIVE UTILIZATION(5,1)|OCEAN ENERGY EXPLOITATION(5,1)|OCEAN RECLAMATION(5,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(5,1)|SEA ENTERTAINMENT(5,1)|OUTER SIDE(4,10)|LARGE STEEL PIPE GROOVE(4,3)|AUXILIARY ENGINEERING(4,1)|CARBONATE SOLUBILITY(4,1)|RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|SEA CROSSING BRIDGE(4,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|SEA MINERAL RESOURCE(4,1)|UPPER SIDE(3,9)|HEATING POOL UPPER SIDE(3,3)|STIRRING TANK OUTER SIDE(3,3)|EQUIPMENT FACILITY(3,1)|EXTENSION ENGINEERING(3,1)|OCEAN ENGINEERING CONTENT(3,1)| | (CN113233717)|1. A carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:|step 1: conveying the wastewater into a stirring tank through four water pumps and water pipelines, and conveying the wastewater downwards through a wheel disc group in the stirring tank;|step 2: the large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set, grooves are uniformly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring of the large steel pipe, and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nano films;|and step 3: allowing the wastewater to flow into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe, wherein potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and allowing the wastewater to stand for 30min after being introduced into the sedimentation tank;|and 4, step 4: adding ammonium chloride into a sedimentation tank, stirring, introducing a calcium hydroxide solution into the solution, and introducing the upper solution in the sedimentation tank into a heating tank through a water pipe with a filter screen;|and 5: continuously heating the wastewater led into the heating pool to 50 ℃ for 10min, placing a collecting tank filled with a sodium hydroxide solution on the upper side of the heating pool, and covering the outer side of the collecting tank with a nano-film;|step 6: a cotton rope is fixedly connected in the middle of the inner side of the heating pool, and the other end of the cotton rope is fixedly connected right above the heating pool through a supporting rod;|and 7: and discharging the water in the upper layer of the heating pool to the outside through the water pump and the water outlet pipeline.|2. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) a revolution counter is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the annular impeller disc in the step (1), and a metal protective net is arranged at the water inlet end of the water pipeline.|3. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 120g/L is arranged in the grooves of the large steel pipe in the step 2, and the gap size of the nano film in the step 2 and the step 5 is 35 nanometers.|4. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration of the potassium silicate in the step 3 is 100g/L, and the bottom end of the sedimentation tank in the step 3 is provided with a stirring paddle driven by a motor.|5. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, the filter screen is made of an RO reverse osmosis membrane, the concentration of ammonium chloride is 100g/L, and the concentration of calcium hydroxide is 200 g/L.|6. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 5, stainless steel is arranged on the inner side wall of the heating pool in the step 5, and the bottom end of the heating pool is made of ceramic.|7. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a net made of fine wool net is arranged at the top end of the outer side of the cotton rope in the step 6.|8. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a material scattering machine is arranged at the water outlet of the water outlet pipe in the step 7, and blue algae is arranged in the material scattering machine.|9. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: cactus is uniformly arranged around the outer sides of the stirring tank, the large-sized steel pipe, the sedimentation tank and the heating tank. | (CN113233717)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean engineering refers to new construction, reconstruction and extension engineering which aims at developing, utilizing, protecting and recovering ocean resources and is characterized in that an engineering main body is positioned on one side of a coastline towards the sea. Generally, the main contents of ocean engineering can be divided into two parts, namely resource development technology and equipment facility technology, and specifically include: sea reclamation, sea dam engineering, artificial islands, sea and seabed material storage facilities, sea-crossing bridges, sea bottom tunnel engineering, seabed pipelines, seabed electric (optical) cable engineering, sea mineral resource exploration and development and auxiliary engineering thereof, sea energy exploitation and utilization engineering such as offshore tidal power stations, wave power stations, temperature difference power stations and the like, sea water comprehensive utilization engineering such as large-scale sea water farms, artificial fish reef engineering, salt fields, sea water desalination and the like, sea entertainment and sports, landscape development engineering, and other ocean engineering, carbon neutralization, the term of energy conservation and emission reduction refers to that enterprises, groups or individuals measure and calculate the total amount of greenhouse gas emission generated directly or indirectly within a certain time, the self-generated carbon dioxide emission is counteracted through the forms of afforestation, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like, and the zero emission of the carbon dioxide is realized. And the carbon peak is that the carbon emission enters a stable descending stage after entering a plateau stage. In short, the carbon dioxide emissions "balance out".|[0003] At present, the discharged wastewater in ocean engineering is rich in carbon elements, if the discharged wastewater is directly discharged, the carbon content in the ocean environment is not environment-friendly, and secondly, the wastewater is rich in a large amount of other salts, so that the discharged wastewater can not be separated and recycled when polluting the environment.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] Technical problem to be solved|[0005] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering, and solves the problems that the treatment efficiency of carbon is low and other operations cannot be carried out while carbon reduction is carried out in the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering.|[0006] (II) technical scheme|[0007] In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering comprises the following steps:|[0008] step 1: conveying the wastewater into a stirring tank through four water pumps and water pipelines, and conveying the wastewater downwards through a wheel disc group in the stirring tank;|[0009] step 2: the large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set, grooves are uniformly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring of the large steel pipe, and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nano films;|[0010] and step 3: allowing the wastewater to flow into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe, wherein potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and allowing the wastewater to stand for 30min after being introduced into the sedimentation tank;|[0011] and 4, step 4: adding ammonium chloride into a sedimentation tank, stirring, introducing a calcium hydroxide solution into the solution, and introducing the upper solution in the sedimentation tank into a heating tank through a water pipe with a filter screen;|[0012] and 5: continuously heating the wastewater led into the heating pool to 50 ℃ for 10min, placing a collecting tank filled with a sodium hydroxide solution on the upper side of the heating pool, and covering the outer side of the collecting tank with a nano-film;|[0013] step 6: a cotton rope is fixedly connected in the middle of the inner side of the heating pool, and the other end of the cotton rope is fixedly connected right above the heating pool through a supporting rod;|[0014] and 7: and discharging the water in the upper layer of the heating pool to the outside through the water pump and the water outlet pipeline.|[0015] Preferably, a revolution counter is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the annular impeller disc in the step 1, and a metal protective net is arranged at the water inlet end of the water pipeline.|[0016] Preferably, sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 120g/L is arranged in the grooves of the large steel pipe in the step 2, and the gap size of the nano-film in the step 2 and the step 5 is 35 nanometers.|[0017] Preferably, the concentration of the potassium silicate in the step 3 is 100g/L, and the bottom end of the sedimentation tank in the step 3 is provided with a stirring paddle driven by a motor.|[0018] Preferably, the filter screen in the step 4 is made of an RO reverse osmosis membrane, the concentration of the ammonium chloride is 100g/L, and the concentration of the calcium hydroxide is 200 g/L.|[0019] Preferably, the inner side wall of the heating pool in the step 5 is provided with stainless steel, and the bottom end of the heating pool is made of ceramic.|[0020] Preferably, the top end of the outer side of the cotton rope in the step 6 is provided with a net made of fine fleece net by knitting.|[0021] Preferably, a material scattering machine is arranged at the water outlet of the water outlet pipe in the step 7, and blue algae is arranged in the material scattering machine.|[0022] Preferably, cactus is uniformly arranged around the outer sides of the stirring tank, the large steel pipe, the sedimentation tank and the heating tank.|[0023] (III) advantageous effects|[0024] The invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering. The method has the following beneficial effects:|[0025] 1. the invention pumps the waste water into the inner side of a stirring pool through a water pump, large impurities in the waste water can be discharged outside under the action of a metal net, the waste water is uniformly stirred through a wheel disc group and then is conveyed to the inner side of a large steel tube, carbon dioxide is absorbed under the action of sodium hydroxide in a groove in the inner side of the large steel tube, a 35NM nano-film is arranged on the outer side of the groove, the gap of the nano-film is smaller than the size of water molecules and larger than the size of carbon dioxide molecules, so that water cannot contact the sodium hydroxide through the film, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide cannot be influenced, other reactions cannot be generated, carbonate in the water is replaced by potassium silicate, ammonium hydrogen chloride reacts with potassium carbonate in the water, the carbon dioxide can float upwards to react with the sodium hydroxide in the groove above, and finally falls into a heating pool, the solubility of salt is changed through heating, thus discharging part of slightly soluble carbonates, and finally dispersing blue algae to the water surface through a dispersion machine when discharging the treated water, reducing the carbon content through photosynthesis, and realizing the function of reducing the carbon content in ocean engineering.|[0026] 2. According to the invention, the cotton rope is arranged in the heating pool, so that the solubility of carbonate and the solubility of other types of salts such as sodium chloride can be changed during heating, the crystals of the salts can be fixed on the upper sides of the cotton rope, ceramics and stainless steel after heating, the salts obtained by different liquid temperatures in different places are different according to different heat conductivities of the materials, the salts can be obtained and classified after discharging waste water, water vapor can be captured through the fine wool net on the upper side of the cotton rope, the function of extracting other slightly soluble salts at different positions while reducing carbon is realized, and the salts can be recycled.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.|[0028] Example (b):|[0029] the embodiment of the invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering, which comprises the following steps,|[0030] step 1: conveying the wastewater into a stirring tank through four water pumps and water pipelines, and conveying the wastewater downwards through a wheel disc group in the stirring tank;|[0031] step 2: the large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set, grooves are uniformly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring of the large steel pipe, and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nano films;|[0032] and step 3: allowing the wastewater to flow into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe, wherein potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and allowing the wastewater to stand for 30min after being introduced into the sedimentation tank;|[0033] and 4, step 4: adding ammonium chloride into a sedimentation tank, stirring, introducing a calcium hydroxide solution into the solution, and introducing the upper solution in the sedimentation tank into a heating tank through a water pipe with a filter screen;|[0034] and 5: continuously heating the wastewater led into the heating pool to 50 ℃ for 10min, placing a collecting tank filled with a sodium hydroxide solution on the upper side of the heating pool, and covering the outer side of the collecting tank with a nano-film;|[0035] step 6: a cotton rope is fixedly connected in the middle of the inner side of the heating pool, and the other end of the cotton rope is fixedly connected right above the heating pool through a supporting rod;|[0036] and 7: and discharging the water in the upper layer of the heating pool to the outside through the water pump and the water outlet pipeline.|[0037] And (2) a revolution counter is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the annular impeller disc in the step (1), and a metal protective net is arranged at the water inlet end of the water pipeline.|[0038] Sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 120g/L is arranged in the grooves of the large steel pipe in the step 2, and the gap size of the nano film in the step 2 and the step 5 is 35 nanometers.|[0039] The concentration of the potassium silicate in the step 3 is 100g/L, and the bottom end of the sedimentation tank in the step 3 is provided with a stirring paddle driven by a motor.|[0040] In the step 4, the filter screen is made of an RO reverse osmosis membrane, the concentration of ammonium chloride is 100g/L, and the concentration of calcium hydroxide is 200 g/L.|[0041] And 5, stainless steel is arranged on the inner side wall of the heating pool in the step 5, and the bottom end of the heating pool is made of ceramic.|[0042] And a net made of fine wool net is arranged at the top end of the outer side of the cotton rope in the step 6.|[0043] And a material scattering machine is arranged at the water outlet of the water outlet pipe in the step 7, and blue algae is arranged in the material scattering machine.|[0044] Cactus is uniformly arranged around the outer sides of the stirring tank, the large-sized steel pipe, the sedimentation tank and the heating tank.|[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. | (CN113233717)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The ocean engineering refers to new construction, reconstruction and extension engineering which aims at developing, utilizing, protecting and recovering ocean resources and is characterized in that an engineering main body is positioned on one side of a coastline towards the sea. Generally, the main contents of ocean engineering can be divided into two parts, namely resource development technology and equipment facility technology, and specifically include: sea reclamation, sea dam engineering, artificial islands, sea and seabed material storage facilities, sea-crossing bridges, sea bottom tunnel engineering, seabed pipelines, seabed electric (optical) cable engineering, sea mineral resource exploration and development and auxiliary engineering thereof, sea energy exploitation and utilization engineering such as offshore tidal power stations, wave power stations, temperature difference power stations and the like, sea water comprehensive utilization engineering such as large-scale sea water farms, artificial fish reef engineering, salt fields, sea water desalination and the like, sea entertainment and sports, landscape development engineering, and other ocean engineering, carbon neutralization, the term of energy conservation and emission reduction refers to that enterprises, groups or individuals measure and calculate the total amount of greenhouse gas emission generated directly or indirectly within a certain time, the self-generated carbon dioxide emission is counteracted through the forms of afforestation, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like, and the zero emission of the carbon dioxide is realized. And the carbon peak is that the carbon emission enters a stable descending stage after entering a plateau stage. In short, the carbon dioxide emissions "balance out".|[0003] At present, the discharged wastewater in ocean engineering is rich in carbon elements, if the discharged wastewater is directly discharged, the carbon content in the ocean environment is not environment-friendly, and secondly, the wastewater is rich in a large amount of other salts, so that the discharged wastewater can not be separated and recycled when polluting the environment.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] Technical problem to be solved|[0005] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering, and solves the problems that the treatment efficiency of carbon is low and other operations cannot be carried out while carbon reduction is carried out in the carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering.|[0006] (II) technical scheme|[0007] In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering comprises the following steps:|[0008] step 1: conveying the wastewater into a stirring tank through four water pumps and water pipelines, and conveying the wastewater downwards through a wheel disc group in the stirring tank;|[0009] step 2: the large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set, grooves are uniformly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring of the large steel pipe, and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nano films;|[0010] and step 3: allowing the wastewater to flow into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe, wherein potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and allowing the wastewater to stand for 30min after being introduced into the sedimentation tank;|[0011] and 4, step 4: adding ammonium chloride into a sedimentation tank, stirring, introducing a calcium hydroxide solution into the solution, and introducing the upper solution in the sedimentation tank into a heating tank through a water pipe with a filter screen;|[0012] and 5: continuously heating the wastewater led into the heating pool to 50 ℃ for 10min, placing a collecting tank filled with a sodium hydroxide solution on the upper side of the heating pool, and covering the outer side of the collecting tank with a nano-film;|[0013] step 6: a cotton rope is fixedly connected in the middle of the inner side of the heating pool, and the other end of the cotton rope is fixedly connected right above the heating pool through a supporting rod;|[0014] and 7: and discharging the water in the upper layer of the heating pool to the outside through the water pump and the water outlet pipeline.|[0015] Preferably, a revolution counter is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the annular impeller disc in the step 1, and a metal protective net is arranged at the water inlet end of the water pipeline.|[0016] Preferably, sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 120g/L is arranged in the grooves of the large steel pipe in the step 2, and the gap size of the nano-film in the step 2 and the step 5 is 35 nanometers.|[0017] Preferably, the concentration of the potassium silicate in the step 3 is 100g/L, and the bottom end of the sedimentation tank in the step 3 is provided with a stirring paddle driven by a motor.|[0018] Preferably, the filter screen in the step 4 is made of an RO reverse osmosis membrane, the concentration of the ammonium chloride is 100g/L, and the concentration of the calcium hydroxide is 200 g/L.|[0019] Preferably, the inner side wall of the heating pool in the step 5 is provided with stainless steel, and the bottom end of the heating pool is made of ceramic.|[0020] Preferably, the top end of the outer side of the cotton rope in the step 6 is provided with a net made of fine fleece net by knitting.|[0021] Preferably, a material scattering machine is arranged at the water outlet of the water outlet pipe in the step 7, and blue algae is arranged in the material scattering machine.|[0022] Preferably, cactus is uniformly arranged around the outer sides of the stirring tank, the large steel pipe, the sedimentation tank and the heating tank.|[0023] (III) advantageous effects|[0024] The invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering. The method has the following beneficial effects:|[0025] 1. the invention pumps the waste water into the inner side of a stirring pool through a water pump, large impurities in the waste water can be discharged outside under the action of a metal net, the waste water is uniformly stirred through a wheel disc group and then is conveyed to the inner side of a large steel tube, carbon dioxide is absorbed under the action of sodium hydroxide in a groove in the inner side of the large steel tube, a 35NM nano-film is arranged on the outer side of the groove, the gap of the nano-film is smaller than the size of water molecules and larger than the size of carbon dioxide molecules, so that water cannot contact the sodium hydroxide through the film, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide cannot be influenced, other reactions cannot be generated, carbonate in the water is replaced by potassium silicate, ammonium hydrogen chloride reacts with potassium carbonate in the water, the carbon dioxide can float upwards to react with the sodium hydroxide in the groove above, and finally falls into a heating pool, the solubility of salt is changed through heating, thus discharging part of slightly soluble carbonates, and finally dispersing blue algae to the water surface through a dispersion machine when discharging the treated water, reducing the carbon content through photosynthesis, and realizing the function of reducing the carbon content in ocean engineering.|[0026] 2. According to the invention, the cotton rope is arranged in the heating pool, so that the solubility of carbonate and the solubility of other types of salts such as sodium chloride can be changed during heating, the crystals of the salts can be fixed on the upper sides of the cotton rope, ceramics and stainless steel after heating, the salts obtained by different liquid temperatures in different places are different according to different heat conductivities of the materials, the salts can be obtained and classified after discharging waste water, water vapor can be captured through the fine wool net on the upper side of the cotton rope, the function of extracting other slightly soluble salts at different positions while reducing carbon is realized, and the salts can be recycled.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.|[0028] Example (b):|[0029] the embodiment of the invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering, which comprises the following steps,|[0030] step 1: conveying the wastewater into a stirring tank through four water pumps and water pipelines, and conveying the wastewater downwards through a wheel disc group in the stirring tank;|[0031] step 2: the large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set, grooves are uniformly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring of the large steel pipe, and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nano films;|[0032] and step 3: allowing the wastewater to flow into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe, wherein potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and allowing the wastewater to stand for 30min after being introduced into the sedimentation tank;|[0033] and 4, step 4: adding ammonium chloride into a sedimentation tank, stirring, introducing a calcium hydroxide solution into the solution, and introducing the upper solution in the sedimentation tank into a heating tank through a water pipe with a filter screen;|[0034] and 5: continuously heating the wastewater led into the heating pool to 50 ℃ for 10min, placing a collecting tank filled with a sodium hydroxide solution on the upper side of the heating pool, and covering the outer side of the collecting tank with a nano-film;|[0035] step 6: a cotton rope is fixedly connected in the middle of the inner side of the heating pool, and the other end of the cotton rope is fixedly connected right above the heating pool through a supporting rod;|[0036] and 7: and discharging the water in the upper layer of the heating pool to the outside through the water pump and the water outlet pipeline.|[0037] And (2) a revolution counter is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the annular impeller disc in the step (1), and a metal protective net is arranged at the water inlet end of the water pipeline.|[0038] Sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 120g/L is arranged in the grooves of the large steel pipe in the step 2, and the gap size of the nano film in the step 2 and the step 5 is 35 nanometers.|[0039] The concentration of the potassium silicate in the step 3 is 100g/L, and the bottom end of the sedimentation tank in the step 3 is provided with a stirring paddle driven by a motor.|[0040] In the step 4, the filter screen is made of an RO reverse osmosis membrane, the concentration of ammonium chloride is 100g/L, and the concentration of calcium hydroxide is 200 g/L.|[0041] And 5, stainless steel is arranged on the inner side wall of the heating pool in the step 5, and the bottom end of the heating pool is made of ceramic.|[0042] And a net made of fine wool net is arranged at the top end of the outer side of the cotton rope in the step 6.|[0043] And a material scattering machine is arranged at the water outlet of the water outlet pipe in the step 7, and blue algae is arranged in the material scattering machine.|[0044] Cactus is uniformly arranged around the outer sides of the stirring tank, the large-sized steel pipe, the sedimentation tank and the heating tank.|[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. | Family Number|(95594230)|95594230|Abstract|(CN113233717 A)|The invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering , and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering . The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in the ocean engineering comprises the following steps that 1, wastewater is conveyed into a stirring pool through four water pumps and a water conveying pipeline , and the wastewater is conveyed downwards through a wheel disc set in the stirring pool ; 2, a large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set , grooves are evenly formed in the annular upper side and the annular lower side of the inner side of the large steel pipe , and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nanometer films ; and 3, the wastewater flows into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe , potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank , and the wastewater stands for 30 min after being guided into the sedimentation tank . The carbon neutralization effect is realized under the combined action of heating separation of carbonate , chemical replacement of carbonate and biological carbon sequestration , then the solubility is changed by heating water , and different types of salts are discharged at different positions and can be recycled . |Title|(CN113233717 A)|Carbon neutralization treatment method based on carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering | | Environmental technology | C02F-001/02|C02F-001/20|C02F-001/44|C02F-001/44/1|C02F-001/52/36|C02F-003/32|C02F-003/32/2|C02F-009/00|C02F-2001/5218 | C02F-001/02|C02F-001/20|C02F-001/44|C02F-001/44/1|C02F-001/52/36|C02F-003/32|C02F-003/32/2|C02F-009/00|C02F-2001/5218 | C02F-009/14 | C02F-009/14 | CN103596665|CN1217403 | CN103596665 45796995 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN1217403 942908 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | 郭宇杰等: "《工业废水处理工程》", 31 October 2016, 华东理工大学出版社 (Cat. A)|肖钢等: "《大能源 二氧化碳》", 30 September 2015, 武汉大学出版社 (Cat. A)|阮国洪: "《水与人类健康》", 30 July 2017, 中国医药科技出版社 (Cat. A) | CN1217403; CN103596665 | REVOKED | (CN113233717)|REVOKED | DEAD | (CN113233717)|DEAD | (CN113233717)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN113233717|Actual or expected expiration date=2023-07-07|Legal state=DEAD|Status=REVOKED|Event publication date=2021-06-10|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202110649345|Application date=2021-06-10|Standardized application number=2021CN-0649345|Event publication date=2021-08-10|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN113233717|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2021-08-10|Standardized publication number=CN113233717|Event publication date=2021-08-10|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2021-08-27|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2022-07-01|Event code=CN/TA01|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Transfer of the patent application right or the patent right|FORMER APPLICANT:DING HONGYU APPLICANT:TIANJING UNIV|Effective date of the event=2022-06-20|Event publication date=2023-07-07|Event code=CN/RJ01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Rejection of an application after its publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoRmkxShPdE8Vlfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=iiDDqVotv%252FQ%252FFFXsbZAL4pNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN113233717)|CN | (CN113233717)|NAME=DING HONGYU , COUNTRY=CN | (CN113233717)|NAME=LÜ SHENGSEN;BEIJING YICHUANMING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (SPECIAL GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=11765 | (CN113233717)|NAME=YU JIANXING|NAME=DING HONGYU|NAME=YU YANG | Titre: (CN113233717)|Carbon neutralization treatment method based on carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering Résumé: (CN113233717)|The invention provides a carbon neutralization treatment method based on a carbon reduction technology in ocean engineering, and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering. The carbon neutralization treatment method based on the carbon reduction technology in the ocean engineering comprises the following steps that 1, wastewater is conveyed into a stirring pool through four water pumps and a water conveying pipeline, and the wastewater is conveyed downwards through a wheel disc set in the stirring pool; 2, a large steel pipe is arranged on the lower side of the wheel disc set, grooves are evenly formed in the annular upper side and the annular lower side of the inner side of the large steel pipe, and the surfaces of the grooves are covered with nanometer films; and 3, the wastewater flows into a sedimentation tank through a large steel pipe, potassium silicate is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and the wastewater stands for 30 min after being guided into the sedimentation tank. The carbon neutralization effect is realized under the combined action of heating separation of carbonate, chemical replacement of carbonate and biological carbon sequestration, then the solubility is changed by heating water, and different types of salts are discharged at different positions and can be recycled. | 57.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a carbon neutralization treatment method in ocean engineering, which does not involve stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization for CO₂ uptake. | 2.0 | 0.0 | (CN113233717)|1 | (CN113233717)|8 | (CN113233717)|9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN113233717)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2021-08-10|Gazette number: GAZNUM=37-3301|Number of Pages: NPAGES=5| | (CN113233717)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN113233717)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 66 | FR1670309 | FR1670309 | FR3052366 | 78063575 | FR3052366 A1 2017-12-15 [FR3052366] | 2016-06-12 | 2016-06-12 | 2017-12-15 | (FR3052366)|2023-02-05 | (FR3052366)|Method of carbon sequestration dioxydede of dilution of human or animal excrement has the surface of oceans. | (FR3052366)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide characterized in that it comprises: - a step of collecting the primary sludge of animal or human origins - a step of loading aboard a ship. - a step of transporting to a designated area - a step of dilution and spreading the sludge at the surface of the ocean | LE BERRE THOMAS ([FR]) | (FR3052366)|LE BERRE THOMAS ([FR]) | LE BERRE THOMAS | (FR3052366)|LE BERRE THOMAS | (FR3052366)|LE BERRE THOMAS ([FR]) | (FR3052366)|It is necessary for the development of marine biomass since it is the first chain of the marine food chain and produces dioxygen.|This makes the logistics more flexible and gives an additional settling time for the sludge.|This makes the process all the more economical.|A disadvantage of these techniques is that the added materials are synthetic in nature and require a priori the conversion and packaging of certain raw materials. this reduces their total carbon balance and poses a question of the possibility of local disturbances due to concentrations abnormally different from those encountered naturally.|However, several phenomena of anthropomorphic origin tend to cause a decrease in the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the ocean.|In many places, means for treating the quantities and concentrations of human and animal excrements are not in place and the current treatment means are too expensive to be envisaged in the short term.| | (FR3052366)|1. Process for sequestering carbon dioxide characterized in Te 4tel1 comprises: A step of collecting primary sludge of animal or human origin; a step of loading on board a ship. - a step of transport to an indicated zone - a step of diluting and spreading the sludge on the surface of the ocean| | (FR3052366)|The object of the invention is to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks. More precisely, an objective of the invention is to propose a process for sequestering carbon dioxide allowing the growth of phytoplankton and more generally biomass in the photic zone of the ocean. Another object of the invention is to propose a simple and inexpensive method for sequestering carbon dioxide. Another object of the invention is to propose a process for sequestering carbon dioxide which uses bulky raw material which gives rise to direct and indirect costs on land because of its concentration. Another object of the invention is to propose an environmentally friendly carbon sequestration process. Another object of the invention is to propose a carbon sequestration process which makes better use of the resources that we have while avoiding an unnecessary waste of nutrients. Another objective of the invention is to propose a carbon sequestration process making it possible to develop/restore the ocean plant biomass and/or animal biomass.|The present invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide sequestration by creating blooms in the ocean by diluting animal and human excrement to the surface of the ocean.| | (FR3052366)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,24)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,6)|ANIMAL EXCREMENT(100,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION DIOXYDEDE(100,1)|HUMAN DILUTION(100,1)|SEA SURFACE(100,1)|SEA PLANT BIOMASS(81,1)|EFFLORESCENCE CREATION(68,2)|ANTHROPOMORPHIC ORIGIN(65,1)|NUTRIENT WASTE(64,1)|HARBOR INFRASTRUCTURE VICINITY(58,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(57,5)|ANIMAL COLLECTING PRIMARY SLUDGE(56,2)|ANIMAL BIOMASS(54,1)|DILUTING ANIMAL(51,1)|COLLECTING PRIMARY SLUDGE(49,2)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(49,1)|MARINE BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT(49,1)|SEA(42,18)|OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CAMPAIGN(42,1)|ANIMAL PRIMARY SLUDGE(41,1)|SLUDGE(40,15)|RESIDENTIAL ZONE SEWER(38,1)|CREATION(35,2)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(34,1)|CHLOROPHYL DETECTION SATELLITE DATA(32,1)|SHIP(31,5)|MARINE BIOMASS(31,1)|DIOXYGEN(29,1)|LOGISTICS(29,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(28,1)|GEOGRAPHY(27,3)|NUMERIC SIMULATION(27,2)|TOTAL CARBON BALANCE(25,1)|HUMAN EXCREMENT(24,1)|HUMAN ORIGIN(21,4)|BULKY RAW MATERIAL(20,2)|METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION(20,2)|ZONE INDICATION(20,2)|BOAT SPEED(19,1)|BIOMASS(18,6)|BRASSETTE AMERL9IN DOSIS(18,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(16,3)|MARINE FOOD CHAIN(16,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(15,1)|INDIRECT COST(15,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON DEVELOPMENT(13,3)|COASTAL ZONE(12,5)|GROUND BIOMASS(12,2)|SEA CURRENT(11,3)|SHORT CIRCUITING(11,1)|ANIMAL PURIFICATION SLUDGE(10,1)|MINERAL NITROGEN GEOGRAPHICAL FIXING(10,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(10,1)|PLANT BIOMASS(9,2)|ALGAL BIOMASS(9,1)|FERTILIZER SYNTHESIS(9,1)|GUANO MANURE(9,1)|LIVESTOCK FARM(9,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZER(9,1)|ORGANISM BIRTH(9,1)|SHORT TERM(9,1)|URBAN SEWER(9,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(8,3)|UV RADIATION(8,3)|BACTERIAL TREATMENT(7,2)|BICARBONATE ION(7,2)|BIOMASS CREATION(7,1)|DEAD BIOMASS(7,1)|DEAD ORGANISM DENSE REMAINS(7,1)|NEIGHBORING POPULATION(7,1)|NUTRIENT DILUTION(7,1)|RAW MATERIAL(7,1)|EFFLORESCENCE(6,3)|WASTEWATER TREATMENT(6,2)|CREATING BIOMASS(6,1)|OXYGENIZED LIFE(6,1)|PROTLGE ZONE(6,1)|PURIFICATION PLANT(6,1)|SETTLING TIME(6,1)|DENITRIFYING BACTERIA(5,2)|METEOROLOGY(5,2)|SALINE MEDIUM(5,2)|SEWAGE SLUDGE(5,2)|TERRESTRIAL ANIMAL(5,2)|ANAEROBIC MEDIUM(5,1)|BACTERIAL DEVELOPMENT(5,1)|CAPTURING CARBON(5,1)|CIRCULATION CYCLE(5,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY(5,1)|HARMFUL PRODUCT(5,1)|IMBALANCE(5,1)|INSTITUTION(5,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(5,1)|OCEAN DEPTH(5,1)|OVEREXPLOITATION(5,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|PRIMARY BIOMASS(5,1)|PRIMARY PRETREATMENT(5,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON(5,1)|SUN UV(5,1)|WIDESPREAD PRACTICE(5,1)|RIVER(4,3)|DEATH(4,2)|ACIDIFICATION(3,1)|ADDED IRON COMPLEX(3,1)|AFFAIR(3,1)|AGRICULTURE(3,1)|ANAEROBIC MODE(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(3,1)|AUTOTROPH(3,1)|BIODEGRADABLE WASTE(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SOLUBILITY(3,1)|CENTRIFUGATION(3,1)|CHLOROPHYL SATELLITE IMAGE(3,1)| | (FR3052366)|1. Process for sequestering carbon dioxide characterized in Te 4tel1 comprises: A step of collecting primary sludge of animal or human origin; a step of loading on board a ship. - a step of transport to an indicated zone - a step of diluting and spreading the sludge on the surface of the ocean|2. Process for the sequestration of carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that said primary sludge originates from tanks arranged to receive only the sewers of a residential zone by short-circuiting the transport to the purification plant and the mixing with the industrial discharges.|3. Process for the sequestration of carbon dioxide according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said primary sludge is degreased and sieved before being stored in tanks allowing the settling of said sludge in the vicinity of harbor infrastructures.|4. Process for sequestering carbon dioxide according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the said sludge is loaded onto the said ship by pumping from these tanks|5. Process for the sequestration of carbon dioxide according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the said sludge is diluted and discharged offshore, away from the coastal zone in the places where nutrients are lacking.|6. Method for sequestering carbon dioxide according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the destination of the ship is determined by a numerical simulation taking into account the geography, the meteorological conditions, the sea currents and the previous results, in particular, based on the chlorophyll detection satellite data to optimize the creation of efflorescence.|7. Method for sequestering carbon dioxide according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the initial dilution is determined by a numerical simulation taking into account the geography, the meteorological conditions, the sea currents, the discharge rate of the mixture, boat speed and previous results, particularly based on chlorophyll detection satellite data to optimize efflorescence creation.|8. Method for sequestering carbon dioxide according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the quantity of sequestered carbon is determined by studying blooms created on the basis of satellite images or oceanographic data campaigns. | (FR3052366)|Field of the invention|The present invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide sequestration by creating blooms in the ocean by diluting animal and human excrement to the surface of the ocean.|Prior art.|Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. Its concentration in the atmosphere has increased considerably because of the ever increasing use of fossil energies for the energy needs of the human.|The ocean is the most important carbon sink in the planet in that it is capable of absorbing a large amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In particular by virtue of the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions HCO3− and by virtue of the development of phytoplankton and more generally of biomass. Phytoplankton develops at the surface of the ocean at depths where sunlight is still accessible, called photic zone, and uses carbon dioxide for its photosynthesis. It is necessary for the development of marine biomass since it is the first chain of the marine food chain and produces dioxygen. Long-term storage of carbon occurs especially when dead biomass sinks to the ocean bottom. Indeed, it is estimated that the thermohaline circulation cycle can take 1000 to 1500 years for one molecule of water.|However, several phenomena of anthropomorphic origin tend to cause a decrease in the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the ocean. On the one hand, acidification of the ocean reduces the solubility of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions HCO3−. More precisely, it has been estimated that between 1751 and 2004, the pH of ocean surface water has increased from an average value of 8,25 to an average value of 8,14. On the other hand, the overexploitation by man of the fish resources caused the depletion of the protlge zone, r1Pell1wrIts and phytoplankton.|Various techniques of the prior art have been developed for durably sequestering carbon dioxide by plant biomass. The dosis of Brassette amerl9in U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,919 describes in particular a method of fertilizing a surface area of the ocean by adding iron complexes, or even other substances containing in particular nitrogen or phosphates, such as U52010 210005 (A1), which proposes to release urea, in order to cause the development of phytoplankton and therefore the absorption of carbon by this phytoplankton and by the biomass consuming this phytoplankton.|A disadvantage of these techniques is that the added materials are synthetic in nature and require a priori the conversion and packaging of certain raw materials. this reduces their total carbon balance and poses a question of the possibility of local disturbances due to concentrations abnormally different from those encountered naturally. Furthermore, these added materials are expensive.|The discharge of sewage sludge has been used many times in the past and was a common practice until the advent of the London Convention on the prevention of sea pollution in 1972, after which most countries decreased and then stopped this practice. It appears that this state of affairs has prevented the potential of biodegradable waste, and in particular animal and human waste as ocean fertilizer and as a carbon capture means. The present invention is based on the fact that the London Convention has not closed the door to the ocean fertilization program, but is critical with regard to the possible environmental imbalances that might result therefrom.|In many places, means for treating the quantities and concentrations of human and animal excrements are not in place and the current treatment means are too expensive to be envisaged in the short term. This waste, although non-toxic in itself, is accumulated in concentrations toxic for oxygenated life and is also the occasion of bacterial developments often having consequences for neighboring populations.|In the places where sewage treatment is carried out, it is often subjected to flocculation and then decanted before being digested bacteriologically, in an aerobic or anaerobic medium. This has the effect of reducing the mass of solids to be transferred, but emits greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. In addition, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria reject organic nitrogen in gaseous form. As a result, the main nutrient for biomass creation and biological fixation of carbon in primary biomass disappears. It will then be necessary to synthesize it from petroleum products. Finally, the treated water remains rich in nutrients rejected in rivers which will transport it to the coastal zone where it accumulates and benefits from an algal biomass which sometimes becomes invading and harmful, in particular during its decomposition.|Objectives of the invention|The object of the invention is to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks.|More precisely, an objective of the invention is to propose a process for sequestering carbon dioxide allowing the growth of phytoplankton and more generally biomass in the photic zone of the ocean.|Another object of the invention is to propose a simple and inexpensive method for sequestering carbon dioxide.|Another object of the invention is to propose a process for sequestering carbon dioxide which uses bulky raw material which gives rise to direct and indirect costs on land because of its concentration.|Another object of the invention is to propose an environmentally friendly carbon sequestration process.|Another object of the invention is to propose a carbon sequestration process which makes better use of the resources that we have while avoiding an unnecessary waste of nutrients.|Another objective of the invention is to propose a carbon sequestration process making it possible to develop/restore the ocean plant biomass and/or animal biomass.|DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|The inventor has exploited the known idea of the prior art of sequestering carbon dioxide by flowing biomass to the sea bottom. The inventor has also exploited the known idea of the prior art of sequestration of carbon dioxide by the distribution of nutrients in the photic zone to allow the development of phytoplankton and more generally biomass. The invention also exploits the fact that animal excrements are the ferment of life on land and that only their concentration is harmful, and the fact that the volumes of ocean water and the natural processes which take place therein allow the dilution of specific concentrations of added elements. The invention also uses the fact that the bacteria present in fresh water are mostly killed in saline medium, and the fact that they are also sensitive to UV radiation from the sun. Moreover, this UV radiation is often a catalyst for the degradation of the number of synthetic molecules.|The method comprises: A step of collecting primary sludge of animal or human origin, optionally a treatment step in particular screening and sieving, a step of loading on board a ship. - possibly a modeling step - a transport step to an indicated zone|a step of diluting and spreading the sludge on the surface of the ocean|optionally, a step of monitoring the efflorescence caused|Detailed description of the invention|The term "purification sludge of animal or human origin" is understood to mean the most solid and concentrated part of urban sewers or animal feces, in particular originating from livestock farms and septic tanks. It is preferable to use municipal sources in which few discharges from industries have been mixed, in order to avoid any environmentally harmful products.|According to a particular embodiment, the sewers coming from residential areas are collected in pits even before arriving at the purification plant or being mixed with industrial discharges.|According to a preferred embodiment, the sludge is subjected to primary pretreatment, in particular screening and screening. It should be noted that, in addition, this sludge is concentrated; the most important is its nutrient content and thus its potential for capturing carbon by creating biomass. This makes the process all the more economical. A separation of the solid phase and the liquid phase as complete as possible by decantation or centrifugation is therefore a good thing.|The sludge considered is therefore a source of nutrients containing a priori a limited quantity of synthetic molecules which would not have already been treated by a living organism. Although certain plants, such as leguminous plants, harbor bacteria which supply them with mineral nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen, it is mainly the industrial synthesis of fertilizers which allows the development of biomass in the fields. For the purpose of sequestration of carbon, in particular in biomass, it is unproductive to degas nitrogen as in conventional waste water treatment methods and it is preferable to reuse it. in particular by dispersing it so that it is recycled by natural biological processes which will capture atmospheric carbon.|Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there was only very little mineral nitrogen on the earth initially because of its dissolution in water and because it trickles by gravity toward the ocean. Historically speaking, all the organic nitrogen composing the terrestrial animal and plant biomass was dispersed at the surface of the earth against the law of gravity and originated from the ocean. This was done by the animals, which adapt to the terrestrial environment, fertilize the banks and the beaches of their excrements or by decomposition of their bodies. Then, the plants adapted to the terrestrial environment allowed the geographical fixing of this mineral nitrogen into organic nitrogen ready to be consumed. This nitrogen was then incorporated many times into animals and plants and redistributed to the surface of the earth to preserve the cycle and allow the expansion of the terrestrial biomass. In addition to nitrogen, this method also allows the transport of other nutrients in relative proportions suitable for the development of life. The transport of nutrients therefore seems to be one of the primary functions of terrestrial animals and their excrements are the ferment of terrestrial biomass which continuously retransforms, recreates and evolves.|This method is also well known and used in agriculture, the spreading of liquid manure or guano manure or the use of cow dung as fertilizer being widespread practices. This being said, the nitrogen contained in the soil ends up being dissolved by the water and carried away by trickling in the case where it is not used by an autotroph. As a result, it is found in the waters of rivers, lakes or coastal areas, where it is concentrated and is not used optimally by biological processes. These often consume all the oxygen available by oxidation and decomposition reactions, causing the death of the species present. The medium passes into anaerobic mode, where the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria are responsible for degassing the nitrogen into dinitrogen, which is unproductive from the point of view of carbon capture as demonstrated above.|In the present invention, it is proposed to spread this sludge at sea. This being said, given that the coastal zone is often saturated with nutrient, the supplies must be made offshore, where nutrients are lacking.|To do this, a ship is loaded with the sludge.|According to a particular embodiment, the sludge is stored in tanks close to a port, with pumping stations for loading the ships. This makes the logistics more flexible and gives an additional settling time for the sludge.|The vessel moves offshore in a designated area.|According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this zone is determined by a numerical model which takes into account the geography, the meteorology and the marine currents so that the additions of nutrients take place at the optimal location.|According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, once in the zone indicated, the ship travels across the wind while diluting and discharging the sludge as it moves, the turbulence caused by the propellers allowing even greater dilution of the rejects. The wind, which has just crossed, will spread this initial line across its width and will allow a dilution at the surface of the high initial concentrations. It is noteworthy that the dilution of nutrients at the surface of the ocean is more productive than its spreading on land because the nutrients are suspended in the culture medium and remain available for phytoplankton, whereas on land, the latter are finally carried by the runoff water toward the coastal zone. At the surface of the ocean, phytoplankton will be consumed by zooplankton and the latter by fish. The feces of all these animals are dissolved in the water and, because of their mobility, the nutrients are again distributed on the surface of the ocean. This restores the cycle until the nutrient concentration reaches a value at which a balance is established between the birth of new organisms and their death and decomposition. The dense remains of dead organisms fall into the sea depths, sequestering carbon.|According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sludge is diluted as a function of the local stirring conditions, determined by meteorology, the sea currents and the speed of the ship in order to rapidly obtain concentrations of organic matter with a low chemical oxygen demand. Zones with a high chemical oxygen demand would be only temporary, and it is important to note that, apart from plankton, the marine organisms evolving in these zones could easily leave them, not being trapped as they are in the bays of coastal zones.|Wastewater treatment generally includes a bacterial treatment step so as not to release pathogens into rivers that are potentially sources of drinking water. Most of the bacteria present in fresh water do not survive in saline medium, which greatly reduces the risks associated with these pathogenic agents when the primary sludge is released at sea.|A proven technique for bacterial treatment is exposure to UV radiation. This radiation is important at the surface of the ocean, in particular in tropical zones. With reduced power compared with the industrial process, exposure to solar UV will probably be much longer. It is therefore entirely improbable that the conditions are met for a possible pathogenic agent to grow in the medium where it would have been released. Moreover, such incidents have not been reported when the sewage sludge was poured into the sea, even if often, this sludge was not released very far from the coast.|According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the efflorescences caused can be detected by consulting the chlorophyll satellite images made available by various institutions. This makes it possible to verify the results of the numerical models used according to another preferred embodiment of the invention and thus to improve them. This also makes it possible to evaluate the quantity of carbon sequestered by looking at the duration, the extent and the concentration of the efflorescences created.|With experience, digital models can evaluate the quantity of carbon sequestered from data such as the quality and chemical composition of the effluents, their quantity, location, season, etc.|The method can also be used for the creation and sale of carbon credits. | (FR3052366)|Field of the invention|The present invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide sequestration by creating blooms in the ocean by diluting animal and human excrement to the surface of the ocean.|Prior art.|Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. Its concentration in the atmosphere has increased considerably because of the ever increasing use of fossil energies for the energy needs of the human.|The ocean is the most important carbon sink in the planet in that it is capable of absorbing a large amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In particular by virtue of the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions HCO3− and by virtue of the development of phytoplankton and more generally of biomass. Phytoplankton develops at the surface of the ocean at depths where sunlight is still accessible, called photic zone, and uses carbon dioxide for its photosynthesis. It is necessary for the development of marine biomass since it is the first chain of the marine food chain and produces dioxygen. Long-term storage of carbon occurs especially when dead biomass sinks to the ocean bottom. Indeed, it is estimated that the thermohaline circulation cycle can take 1000 to 1500 years for one molecule of water.|However, several phenomena of anthropomorphic origin tend to cause a decrease in the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the ocean. On the one hand, acidification of the ocean reduces the solubility of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions HCO3−. More precisely, it has been estimated that between 1751 and 2004, the pH of ocean surface water has increased from an average value of 8,25 to an average value of 8,14. On the other hand, the overexploitation by man of the fish resources caused the depletion of the protlge zone, r1Pell1wrIts and phytoplankton.|Various techniques of the prior art have been developed for durably sequestering carbon dioxide by plant biomass. The dosis of Brassette amerl9in U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,919 describes in particular a method of fertilizing a surface area of the ocean by adding iron complexes, or even other substances containing in particular nitrogen or phosphates, such as U52010 210005 (A1), which proposes to release urea, in order to cause the development of phytoplankton and therefore the absorption of carbon by this phytoplankton and by the biomass consuming this phytoplankton.|A disadvantage of these techniques is that the added materials are synthetic in nature and require a priori the conversion and packaging of certain raw materials. this reduces their total carbon balance and poses a question of the possibility of local disturbances due to concentrations abnormally different from those encountered naturally. Furthermore, these added materials are expensive.|The discharge of sewage sludge has been used many times in the past and was a common practice until the advent of the London Convention on the prevention of sea pollution in 1972, after which most countries decreased and then stopped this practice. It appears that this state of affairs has prevented the potential of biodegradable waste, and in particular animal and human waste as ocean fertilizer and as a carbon capture means. The present invention is based on the fact that the London Convention has not closed the door to the ocean fertilization program, but is critical with regard to the possible environmental imbalances that might result therefrom.|In many places, means for treating the quantities and concentrations of human and animal excrements are not in place and the current treatment means are too expensive to be envisaged in the short term. This waste, although non-toxic in itself, is accumulated in concentrations toxic for oxygenated life and is also the occasion of bacterial developments often having consequences for neighboring populations.|In the places where sewage treatment is carried out, it is often subjected to flocculation and then decanted before being digested bacteriologically, in an aerobic or anaerobic medium. This has the effect of reducing the mass of solids to be transferred, but emits greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. In addition, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria reject organic nitrogen in gaseous form. As a result, the main nutrient for biomass creation and biological fixation of carbon in primary biomass disappears. It will then be necessary to synthesize it from petroleum products. Finally, the treated water remains rich in nutrients rejected in rivers which will transport it to the coastal zone where it accumulates and benefits from an algal biomass which sometimes becomes invading and harmful, in particular during its decomposition.|Objectives of the invention|The object of the invention is to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks.|More precisely, an objective of the invention is to propose a process for sequestering carbon dioxide allowing the growth of phytoplankton and more generally biomass in the photic zone of the ocean.|Another object of the invention is to propose a simple and inexpensive method for sequestering carbon dioxide.|Another object of the invention is to propose a process for sequestering carbon dioxide which uses bulky raw material which gives rise to direct and indirect costs on land because of its concentration.|Another object of the invention is to propose an environmentally friendly carbon sequestration process.|Another object of the invention is to propose a carbon sequestration process which makes better use of the resources that we have while avoiding an unnecessary waste of nutrients.|Another objective of the invention is to propose a carbon sequestration process making it possible to develop/restore the ocean plant biomass and/or animal biomass.|DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|The inventor has exploited the known idea of the prior art of sequestering carbon dioxide by flowing biomass to the sea bottom. The inventor has also exploited the known idea of the prior art of sequestration of carbon dioxide by the distribution of nutrients in the photic zone to allow the development of phytoplankton and more generally biomass. The invention also exploits the fact that animal excrements are the ferment of life on land and that only their concentration is harmful, and the fact that the volumes of ocean water and the natural processes which take place therein allow the dilution of specific concentrations of added elements. The invention also uses the fact that the bacteria present in fresh water are mostly killed in saline medium, and the fact that they are also sensitive to UV radiation from the sun. Moreover, this UV radiation is often a catalyst for the degradation of the number of synthetic molecules.|The method comprises: A step of collecting primary sludge of animal or human origin, optionally a treatment step in particular screening and sieving, a step of loading on board a ship. - possibly a modeling step - a transport step to an indicated zone|a step of diluting and spreading the sludge on the surface of the ocean|optionally, a step of monitoring the efflorescence caused|Detailed description of the invention|The term "purification sludge of animal or human origin" is understood to mean the most solid and concentrated part of urban sewers or animal feces, in particular originating from livestock farms and septic tanks. It is preferable to use municipal sources in which few discharges from industries have been mixed, in order to avoid any environmentally harmful products.|According to a particular embodiment, the sewers coming from residential areas are collected in pits even before arriving at the purification plant or being mixed with industrial discharges.|According to a preferred embodiment, the sludge is subjected to primary pretreatment, in particular screening and screening. It should be noted that, in addition, this sludge is concentrated; the most important is its nutrient content and thus its potential for capturing carbon by creating biomass. This makes the process all the more economical. A separation of the solid phase and the liquid phase as complete as possible by decantation or centrifugation is therefore a good thing.|The sludge considered is therefore a source of nutrients containing a priori a limited quantity of synthetic molecules which would not have already been treated by a living organism. Although certain plants, such as leguminous plants, harbor bacteria which supply them with mineral nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen, it is mainly the industrial synthesis of fertilizers which allows the development of biomass in the fields. For the purpose of sequestration of carbon, in particular in biomass, it is unproductive to degas nitrogen as in conventional waste water treatment methods and it is preferable to reuse it. in particular by dispersing it so that it is recycled by natural biological processes which will capture atmospheric carbon.|Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there was only very little mineral nitrogen on the earth initially because of its dissolution in water and because it trickles by gravity toward the ocean. Historically speaking, all the organic nitrogen composing the terrestrial animal and plant biomass was dispersed at the surface of the earth against the law of gravity and originated from the ocean. This was done by the animals, which adapt to the terrestrial environment, fertilize the banks and the beaches of their excrements or by decomposition of their bodies. Then, the plants adapted to the terrestrial environment allowed the geographical fixing of this mineral nitrogen into organic nitrogen ready to be consumed. This nitrogen was then incorporated many times into animals and plants and redistributed to the surface of the earth to preserve the cycle and allow the expansion of the terrestrial biomass. In addition to nitrogen, this method also allows the transport of other nutrients in relative proportions suitable for the development of life. The transport of nutrients therefore seems to be one of the primary functions of terrestrial animals and their excrements are the ferment of terrestrial biomass which continuously retransforms, recreates and evolves.|This method is also well known and used in agriculture, the spreading of liquid manure or guano manure or the use of cow dung as fertilizer being widespread practices. This being said, the nitrogen contained in the soil ends up being dissolved by the water and carried away by trickling in the case where it is not used by an autotroph. As a result, it is found in the waters of rivers, lakes or coastal areas, where it is concentrated and is not used optimally by biological processes. These often consume all the oxygen available by oxidation and decomposition reactions, causing the death of the species present. The medium passes into anaerobic mode, where the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria are responsible for degassing the nitrogen into dinitrogen, which is unproductive from the point of view of carbon capture as demonstrated above.|In the present invention, it is proposed to spread this sludge at sea. This being said, given that the coastal zone is often saturated with nutrient, the supplies must be made offshore, where nutrients are lacking.|To do this, a ship is loaded with the sludge.|According to a particular embodiment, the sludge is stored in tanks close to a port, with pumping stations for loading the ships. This makes the logistics more flexible and gives an additional settling time for the sludge.|The vessel moves offshore in a designated area.|According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this zone is determined by a numerical model which takes into account the geography, the meteorology and the marine currents so that the additions of nutrients take place at the optimal location.|According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, once in the zone indicated, the ship travels across the wind while diluting and discharging the sludge as it moves, the turbulence caused by the propellers allowing even greater dilution of the rejects. The wind, which has just crossed, will spread this initial line across its width and will allow a dilution at the surface of the high initial concentrations. It is noteworthy that the dilution of nutrients at the surface of the ocean is more productive than its spreading on land because the nutrients are suspended in the culture medium and remain available for phytoplankton, whereas on land, the latter are finally carried by the runoff water toward the coastal zone. At the surface of the ocean, phytoplankton will be consumed by zooplankton and the latter by fish. The feces of all these animals are dissolved in the water and, because of their mobility, the nutrients are again distributed on the surface of the ocean. This restores the cycle until the nutrient concentration reaches a value at which a balance is established between the birth of new organisms and their death and decomposition. The dense remains of dead organisms fall into the sea depths, sequestering carbon.|According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sludge is diluted as a function of the local stirring conditions, determined by meteorology, the sea currents and the speed of the ship in order to rapidly obtain concentrations of organic matter with a low chemical oxygen demand. Zones with a high chemical oxygen demand would be only temporary, and it is important to note that, apart from plankton, the marine organisms evolving in these zones could easily leave them, not being trapped as they are in the bays of coastal zones.|Wastewater treatment generally includes a bacterial treatment step so as not to release pathogens into rivers that are potentially sources of drinking water. Most of the bacteria present in fresh water do not survive in saline medium, which greatly reduces the risks associated with these pathogenic agents when the primary sludge is released at sea.|A proven technique for bacterial treatment is exposure to UV radiation. This radiation is important at the surface of the ocean, in particular in tropical zones. With reduced power compared with the industrial process, exposure to solar UV will probably be much longer. It is therefore entirely improbable that the conditions are met for a possible pathogenic agent to grow in the medium where it would have been released. Moreover, such incidents have not been reported when the sewage sludge was poured into the sea, even if often, this sludge was not released very far from the coast.|According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the efflorescences caused can be detected by consulting the chlorophyll satellite images made available by various institutions. This makes it possible to verify the results of the numerical models used according to another preferred embodiment of the invention and thus to improve them. This also makes it possible to evaluate the quantity of carbon sequestered by looking at the duration, the extent and the concentration of the efflorescences created.|With experience, digital models can evaluate the quantity of carbon sequestered from data such as the quality and chemical composition of the effluents, their quantity, location, season, etc.|The method can also be used for the creation and sale of carbon credits. | Family Number|(78063575)|78063575|Abstract|(FR3052366 A1)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide characterized in that it comprises: - a step of collecting the primary sludge of animal or human origins - a step of loading aboard a ship. - a step of transporting to a designated area - a step of dilution and spreading the sludge at the surface of the ocean|Title|(FR3052366 A1)|Method of carbon sequestration dioxydede of dilution of human or animal excrement has the surface of oceans.| | Environmental technology | B09B-001/00/2|C02F-2103/005|C02F-2103/20|Y02W-010/37 | B09B-001/00/2|C02F-2103/005|C02F-2103/20|Y02W-010/37 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/85 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/85 | WO202551872 | WO202551872 113559994 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | KR20120042468|US20100210005|US6056919 | KR20120042468 35312666 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=I|US20100210005 1834208 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US6056919 43123675 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | XP002767685; KR20120042468; XP002767686; US6056919; US20100210005 | (FR3052366)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-Belonje, J.L.G.: "Effecten van het storten van mest in zee : een literatuurrapport", septembre 1984 (1984-09), Ministerie van Landbouw en Visserij, 's-Gravenhage, XP002767685,|-MICHAEL SPECTER: "Ocean Dumping Is Ending, but Not Problems; New York Can't Ship, Bury or Burn Its Sludge, but No One Wants a Processing Plant", The New York Times , 29 juin 1992 (1992-06-29), XP002767686, Extrait de l'Internet: URL:http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/29/nyre gion/ocean-dumping-ending-but-not-problems -new-york-can-t-ship-bury-burn-its-sludge. html?pagewanted=all [extrait le 2017-02-13]|-BELONJE, J.L.G.: "Effecten van het storten van mest in zee : een literatuurrapport", September 1984, MINISTERIE VAN LANDBOUW EN VISSERIJ, 's-Gravenhage, XP002767685|-MICHAEL SPECTER: "Ocean Dumping Is Ending, but Not Problems; New York Can't Ship, Bury or Burn Its Sludge, but No One Wants a Processing Plant", 29 June 1992 (1992-06-29), XP002767686, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/29/nyregion/ocean-dumping-ending-but-not-problems-new-york-can-t-ship-bury-burn-its-sludge.html?pagewanted=all> [retrieved on 20170213]| | LAPSED | (FR3052366)|LAPSED | DEAD | (FR3052366)|DEAD | (FR3052366)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR FR3052366|Actual or expected expiration date=2023-02-05|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2016-06-12|Event code=FR/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=FR FR1670309|Application date=2016-06-12|Standardized application number=2016FR-0070309|Event publication date=2017-06-05|Event code=FR/PLFP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications Restitution or restoration|Fee payment|Derniere annuite payee|Annual fees payment date=2017-06-05|Year of payment of annual fees=2|Event publication date=2017-12-15|Event code=FR/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application for patent of invention, (first publ.)|Publication country=FR|Publication number=FR3052366|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2017-12-15|Standardized publication number=FR3052366|Event publication date=2017-12-15|Event code=FR/PLSC|Event group=Administrative notifications Examination events|Search report ready|Publication du rapport de recherche preliminaire|Effective date of the event=2017-12-15|Event publication date=2021-01-02|Event code=FR/PLFP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications Restitution or restoration|Fee payment|Derniere annuite payee|Annual fees payment date=2021-01-02|Year of payment of annual fees=6|Event publication date=2023-03-03|Event code=FR/ST|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Notification of lapse|Constatation de decheances|Effective date of the event=2023-02-05 | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=dQMgVO9Lqg2HOM15nyxOf6Ca4vFyxJplNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://data.inpi.fr/brevets/FR3052366 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=MYVlryaEBMLWqxLm4QBXD3fDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | FR | (FR3052366)|FR | (FR3052366)|NAME=LE BERRE THOMAS 10 RUE JEHAN DE BAZVALAN , CITY=VANNES , POSTCODE=56000 , COUNTRY=FR | (FR3052366)|FR | (FR3052366)|NAME=LE BERRE THOMAS 10 RUE JEHAN DE BAZVALAN , CITY=VANNES , POSTCODE=56000 , COUNTRY=FR | (FR3052366)|FR | (FR3052366)|NAME=LE BERRE THOMAS, CITY=VANNES, POSTCODE=56000, COUNTRY=FR | Titre: (FR3052366)|Method of carbon sequestration dioxydede of dilution of human or animal excrement has the surface of oceans. Résumé: (FR3052366)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide characterized in that it comprises: - a step of collecting the primary sludge of animal or human origins - a step of loading aboard a ship. - a step of transporting to a designated area - a step of dilution and spreading the sludge at the surface of the ocean | 58.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article describes a method involving the dilution of human or animal excrement in the ocean, which does not relate to stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean iron fertilization. | 3.0 | 1.0 | (FR3052366)|1 | (FR3052366)|7 | (FR3052366)|8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (FR3052366)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette number: GAZNUM=2017-50| | (FR3052366)|FRENCH (FRE) | (FR3052366)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 67 | GB201210097 | GB201210097 | GB2497611|GB2497611|GB201210097 | 18760173 | GB2497611 B 2014-05-14 [GB2497611]|GB2497611 A 2013-06-19 [GB2497611]|GB201210097 D0 2012-07-25 [GB201210097] | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | 2014-05-14|2013-06-19|2012-07-25 | (GB2497611)|2014-05-14 | (GB2497611)|2018-06-08 | (GB2497611)|Motor powered upwelling apparatus for ocean cultivation to generate food and fuel with carbon sequestration | (GB2497611)|A motor driven tug boat tows an inverted hydrofoil 17 at a depth of 60 metres in the North Sea to bring up nutrient rich seawater to the photic zone at the surface. The hydrofoil is towed by means of a cable 19 that may be deployed from a winding drum 18. Phytoplankton proliferate at the surface boosting fish stocks and cultivating floating varieties of seaweed that reproduce by vegetative means. When converted to fuels like natural gas only about 5% of the extracted energy needs to be re-invested for operating the system. The result is to provide a source of sustainable alternative energy that also reduces acidification of the ocean and provides a means for sucking carbon dioxide back from the air. | PEARSON RONALD DENZIL ([GB]) | (GB2497611)|RONALD DENZIL PEARSON|(GB2497611)|RONALD DENZIL PEARSON|(GB201210097)|PEARSON, RONALD D | PEARSON RONALD DENZIL | (GB2497611)|RONALD DENZIL PEARSON|(GB2497611)|RONALD DENZIL PEARSON | (GB2497611)|A hydraulic transmission has the advantages of compactness but has an efficiency of only about 75 percent as compared to a mechanical efficiency of about 96 percent applicable to the previous case.|Floating seaweed is relatively easy to harvest and can be anaerobically digested to produce natural gas.|This is also desirable since the thickness of the hull material is also then minimised.|For adequate mitigation of environmental problems such as global warming and the reduction of ocean acidification much larger sizes of apparatus will be required for deployment in the deep oceans.|Productivity during the growing season is limited by the slow rate of diffusion of these nutrients to the surface.|Ultimately the invention could be applied for cultivation of oceanic gyres in the deep oceans to provide a solution to major global problems of present concern though much larger apparatus will then be required since seawater then needs to be brought from depths of about 300 metres.| | (GB2497611)|1. An ocean cultivator system comprising a tug boat containing at least one prime mover that is connected by a power transmission system to at least one propeller, the hull of the tug boat being attached by a linkage means to a hydrofoil such that in use, when the hydrofoil is deployed at an operating depth, the leading edge of the hydrofoil is positioned at a lower level than its trailing edge to direct a plume of nutrient rich seawater towards the photic zone of the sea, wherein the plan area of the hydrofoil is substantially greater than the underwater projected frontal area of the hull of the tug boat.| | (GB2497611)|In this way the invention provides a means for solving a number of environmental problems and on a worthwhile scale.|The present invention provides a small tug boat driven by a prime mover such as an internal combustion engine or motor that allows an inverted hydrofoil that is to be called an uppingvane to be towed.|This invention is an ocean cultivator that operates by having a hydrofoil towed at a depth to throw up seawater containing nutrients in such concentration as to promote the growth of marine algae.| | (GB2497611)|OCEAN CULTIVATOR(100,18)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER PLUME(61,1)|TUGBOAT HULL(58,6)|OCEANIC GYRE CULTIVATION(48,1)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(42,1)|HYDROFOIL(28,22)|CALL UPPINGVANE(26,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(26,1)|INVERTED HYDROFOIL(23,1)|OCEANIC GYRE(22,2)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(21,2)|SEA PHOTIC ZONE(20,2)|HYDROFOIL RETRIEVAL(20,1)|PROPELLER(19,24)|SKEG EXTENSION(18,11)|UNDERWATER PROJECTED FRONTAL AREA(17,2)|WORTHWHILE SCALE(17,1)|FLOATING SEAWEED(16,4)|TURBO CHARGED ENGINE(16,1)|TUGBOAT MOTION(15,1)|PRIME MOVER(14,16)|LINKAGE(14,4)|STREAMLINED DELTA(14,1)|TUGBOAT(13,5)|DEPLOYMENT(13,2)|TURBOCHARGER COMPRESSOR(13,2)|HOLLOW SKEG(13,1)|SEAWATER(12,15)|DEEP OCEAN(12,3)|COMPACTNESS(12,1)|HYDROFOIL PLAN AREA(12,1)|CULTIVATOR(11,1)|CROWN WHEEL(10,6)|GLOBAL WARMING(10,1)|GENERATOR(9,5)|NEGATIVE BUOYANCY(9,4)|PROPELLER BLADE(9,4)|HORIZONTAL AXLE(9,1)|SMALL TUGBOAT(9,1)|NUTRIENT(8,14)|SEAWATER PLUME(8,4)|STRUCTURAL FOAM(8,4)|MARINE ALGA(8,3)|INTERMEDIATE VERTICAL SHAFT(8,2)|SLOW RATE(8,1)|STREAMLINED SHAPE(8,1)|CONNING TOWER(7,12)|ACCUMULATOR(7,10)|GROWING SEASON(7,7)|PHOTIC ZONE(7,6)|ANAEROBIC DIGESTION(7,5)|PRODUCTIVITY(7,4)|UPPINGVANE WINDING DRUM(7,3)|TORQUE REACTION(7,2)|CYLINDRICAL RING(7,1)|HULL MATERIAL(7,1)|HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION(7,1)|OUTER SHELL(7,1)|REINFORCEMENT(6,4)|HORIZONTAL PROPELLER SHAFT(6,3)|OCEAN CULTIVATION(6,3)|SEAWEED CROP(6,3)|PERMANENT MAGNET(6,2)|WAVE CONDITION(6,2)|AIR INLET(6,1)|METHANEDIONE NET SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|SEQUESTRATION TRADING CREDIT(6,1)|SPRAYING(6,1)|CLUTCH(5,6)|BALLAST(5,3)|BEVEL PINION(5,3)|HYDRAULIC MOTOR(5,3)|CULTIVATING SHIP(5,2)|FRONTAL AREA(5,2)|HYDROFOIL UPPER SURFACE(5,2)|COOLING CONTACT(5,1)|DOUBLE REDUCTION GEAR(5,1)|ENTRY PREVENTION(5,1)|FAN(5,1)|FLOATING SEAWEED CULTIVATION(5,1)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|RANKINE OVAL ARO(5,1)|RECYCLED NUTRIENT DEPLOYMENT(5,1)|UPPINGVANE CABLE EYELET(5,1)|UPPINGVANE CENTERLINE(5,1)|WOOD(5,1)|PLAN AREA(4,8)|POWER TRANSMISSION(4,5)|LEADING EDGE(4,4)|TRAILING EDGE(4,4)|HORIZONTAL OUTPUT SHAFT(4,3)|UPPINGVANE CABLE DRUM(4,3)|BLADE ORIENTATION(4,2)|OFFSHORE TURBINE(4,2)|SEAWEED CONVERSION(4,2)|SPAN UPPINGVANE(4,2)|UPPINGVANE SPAN(4,2)|ANAEROBIC DIGESTER(4,1)|ATTRACTIVE PROPOSITION(4,1)|DIGESTER CUBIC METER(4,1)|FLOATING CROP NATURAL CONFINEMENT(4,1)|FLOW ROTATING COMPONENT(4,1)|HULL CENTERLINE(4,1)|INCIDENCE ACCURATE FIXATION(4,1)|MARINE ALGAL GROWTH(4,1)|NACA AIRFOIL(4,1)|SARGASSUM FLUITAN(4,1)|SARGASSUM NATAN(4,1)|TUG PLUS UPPINGVANE(4,1)|UNICELLULAR ALGAE(4,1)|VORTEX CANCELATION(4,1)|WASTEFUL STRONG TIP VORTICY(4,1)|NATURAL GAS(3,17)|ACTUATOR DISC(3,5)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(3,3)|CABLE COMPARTMENT(3,2)|HARVEST ABLE FISH(3,2)|INDEFINITELY SUSTAINABLE SOURCE(3,2)|MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY(3,2)|METER DEPTH(3,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(3,2)|TIP DRIVEN PROPELLER(3,2)|TUG UPPINGVANE(3,2)|ANNUAL ALLOWANCE(3,1)|ARTIFICIAL CONFINEMENT(3,1)|ARTIFICIAL UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|BISECTED ELLIPTICAL PLAN(3,1)|CORESPONDING SEPARATING(3,1)|CULTIVATING OCEAN(3,1)|DELTA REARWARD LEG(3,1)|DRIVING BLADE(3,1)|EXTRA HORIZONTAL STATOR VANE(3,1)|FISH STOCK DOUBLING(3,1)|FISHING LEVY(3,1)|FLEXIBLE MATERIAL(3,1)|HORSEPOWER RATING(3,1)|HULL INTERNAL PRESSURIZATION(3,1)|IU EQUATING(3,1)|KIND CULTIVATING(3,1)|LARGE SIZE(3,1)|MANNED VERSION(3,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|MONTH SEASON(3,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(3,1)|OFFER FAVORABLE LOCATION(3,1)|ORBITING SATELLITE(3,1)|PROCESSED FLOATING SEAWEED(3,1)|PROPELLER POD(3,1)|PROPELLER TORQUE(3,1)|PROPULSIVE THRUST(3,1)|RANKINE OVAL DIAMETER(3,1)|REFILL DAILY(3,1)|SEA ACIDITY(3,1)|SERVICING BOAT(3,1)|SHROUDED BLADE(3,1)|SPINNING PROPELLER(3,1)|STREAMLINED STRUT(3,1)|STREAMLINING EXTENSION(3,1)|TOWED HYDROFOIL(3,1)|TOWING STRUT(3,1)|TUG TOWING(3,1)|UPPINGVANE DRAG(3,1)|VORACITY CONVERTER(3,1)|VORTEX CENTER(3,1)|WEED HARVESTER(3,1)|GEAR PUMP(2,14)|SPUR GEAR(2,8)|CULTIVATED AREA(2,4)|ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION(2,4)|INDUCED DRAG(2,4)|RUDDER(2,3)|SPAR(2,3)|ACTUATING DISC AREA(2,2)|CAPITAL RATIO(2,2)|CURVED GUIDE(2,2)|DOWNFORCE(2,2)|DRY BIOMASS(2,2)|ENERGY AMPLIFICATION RATIO(2,2)|NUTRIENT RECYCLING(2,2)|STREAMLINED CROSS SECTION(2,2)|SUBMERGENCE DEGREE(2,2)|TOWING CABLE DRUM(2,2)|TOWING SPEED(2,2)|VORTEX CORE(2,2)|VORTEX PAIR(2,2)|WAVE ACTION(2,2)|181X3600X24X365X(2,1)|ALGAE GROWTH(2,1)|ANCHORED BARRIER(2,1)|ANNUAL FUEL COST(2,1)|APPARATUS LARGE SIZE(2,1)|APPROXIMATION ARITHMETIC MEAN(2,1)|AVERAGE CHORD(2,1)|BISECTED DISC(2,1)|CHAIN DASHED CIRCLE(2,1)|CHEAP CONSTRUCTION(2,1)|CHEAP MANUFACTURE(2,1)|COOLING JACKET(2,1)|CORRECT PROPORTION(2,1)|COUNTERMEASURE(2,1)|DELTA LEG(2,1)|DIAMETER PLUME(2,1)|DRIED ALGAE(2,1)|DRY SEAWEED(2,1)|DUMP PIPE(2,1)|EBIO MW(2,1)|ENERGY INVESTMENT(2,1)|EXTRA DRAG(2,1)|EXTRA TANK(2,1)|FERTILIZER(2,1)|FLEXIBLE BAG(2,1)|FLOATING WEED(2,1)|HALF ELLIPSE PLAN UPPINGVANE(2,1)|HP DIESEL ENGINE(2,1)|HUB DIA(2,1)|HULL OCTAGONAL SHAPE(2,1)|HULL UNDERWATER FRONTAL AREA(2,1)|IGNORING FUEL COST(2,1)|INORGANIC NUTRIENT(2,1)|ITERATION YIELD(2,1)|LITTLE PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|MAINTENANCE CREW(2,1)|MARINE BIOLOGIST SAY(2,1)|MARINE FOOD WEB(2,1)|METER BEAM(2,1)|MONTH GROWING SEASON(2,1)|NATUURAL GAS(2,1)|NEGATIVE INCIDENCE(2,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|NUTRIENT ADEQUATELY UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION(2,1)|NUTRIENT ESSENTIAL(2,1)|OPEN SEA MARINE FARM(2,1)|ORIGIN DEPTH(2,1)|PLASTIC SHELL(2,1)|PLASTIC WRAPPING(2,1)|POD DIAMETER(2,1)|POSITIVE BUOYANCY INTERNAL VOID(2,1)|PRIME MOVER MAINTENANCE(2,1)|PRISM ORIENTATION(2,1)|PROFILE DRAG COEFFICIENT(2,1)|PROPELLER TIP(2,1)|PUBLISHED EXPERIENCE(2,1)|RANKINE OVAL DIRECTION(2,1)|RANKINE OVAL EQUIVALENT DIAMETER(2,1)|REACTION TORQUE(2,1)|RECTANGULAR SHAPE UPPINGVANE(2,1)|REDFIELD(2,1)|SCALED DOWN REPLICA(2,1)|SEAWATER VORTEX MOTION(2,1)|SEQUEST CARBON(2,1)|SHORT HORIZONTALLY ORIENTED VANE(2,1)|SINGLE CELLED PHYTOPLANKTON(2,1)|SLOW DIFFUSION(2,1)|SPRING BLOOM(2,1)|SQUARE CULTIVATION(2,1)|STREAMLINED WEIGHT HANGING(2,1)|TOTAL PROPELLER THRUST(2,1)|TRIANGLE LAY BASE(2,1)|UPPINGVANE CONSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL(2,1)|UPPINGVANE DOWNWARD FORCE(2,1)|UPPINGVANE FLUID FRICTION(2,1)|UPPINGVANE HORIZONTAL SPEED(2,1)|UPPINGVANE MAIN(2,1)|UPWARD IMPULSE(2,1)|UPWARD VELOCITY(2,1)|UTILIZATION START(2,1)|VIABLE SOLUTION(2,1)|VOLUME REFILLING(2,1)|VORTEX REMOVAL(2,1)|WET SEAWEED INPUT(2,1)|WET WEED WEIGHT(2,1)|WINGLET(2,1)|WORLD DEEP OCEAN(2,1)|YEAR MEANING(2,1)|EXHAUST PIPE(1,3)|LARGE PROPELLER(1,3)|MARINE PLANT(1,3)|PROPELLER HUB(1,3)|LCV(1,2)|STERN(1,2)|TRAVERSE(1,2)|ACCRETION(1,1)|ANCHORAGE(1,1)|ANNUAL CREDIT DUE(1,1)|AVERAGE SEPARATING(1,1)|CIRCULAR ARC(1,1)|COAXIAL SHAFT(1,1)|COLUNM(1,1)|COMPENSATION MEASUREMENT BAR(1,1)|CONSTANT INCIDENCE(1,1)|CURRENT CIRCULATION(1,1)|DELTA PLAN(1,1)|DELTA SHAPE PLAN UPPINGVANE(1,1)|DERIVATION(1,1)|DOMESTIC HEATING OIL(1,1)|DU W(1,1)|ENERGY YIELD(1,1)|EQUILIBRIUM(1,1)|EURO TONNE(1,1)|FARM MACHINERY(1,1)|FEEDSTOCK(1,1)|FERTILIZATION(1,1)||(GB2497611)|OCEAN CULTIVATOR(100,18)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER PLUME(61,1)|TUGBOAT HULL(58,6)|OCEANIC GYRE CULTIVATION(48,1)|NUTRIENT RICH SEAWATER(42,1)|HYDROFOIL(28,22)|CALL UPPINGVANE(26,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION REDUCTION(26,1)|INVERTED HYDROFOIL(23,1)|OCEANIC GYRE(22,2)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(21,2)|SEA PHOTIC ZONE(20,2)|HYDROFOIL RETRIEVAL(20,1)|PROPELLER(19,24)|SKEG EXTENSION(18,11)|UNDERWATER PROJECTED FRONTAL AREA(17,2)|WORTHWHILE SCALE(17,1)|FLOATING SEAWEED(16,4)|TURBO CHARGED ENGINE(16,1)|TUGBOAT MOTION(15,1)|PRIME MOVER(14,16)|LINKAGE(14,4)|STREAMLINED DELTA(14,1)|TUGBOAT(13,5)|DEPLOYMENT(13,2)|TURBOCHARGER COMPRESSOR(13,2)|HOLLOW SKEG(13,1)|SEAWATER(12,15)|DEEP OCEAN(12,3)|COMPACTNESS(12,1)|HYDROFOIL PLAN AREA(12,1)|CULTIVATOR(11,1)|CROWN WHEEL(10,6)|GLOBAL WARMING(10,1)|GENERATOR(9,5)|NEGATIVE BUOYANCY(9,4)|PROPELLER BLADE(9,4)|HORIZONTAL AXLE(9,1)|SMALL TUGBOAT(9,1)|NUTRIENT(8,14)|SEAWATER PLUME(8,4)|STRUCTURAL FOAM(8,4)|MARINE ALGA(8,3)|INTERMEDIATE VERTICAL SHAFT(8,2)|SLOW RATE(8,1)|STREAMLINED SHAPE(8,1)|CONNING TOWER(7,12)|ACCUMULATOR(7,10)|GROWING SEASON(7,7)|PHOTIC ZONE(7,6)|ANAEROBIC DIGESTION(7,5)|PRODUCTIVITY(7,4)|UPPINGVANE WINDING DRUM(7,3)|TORQUE REACTION(7,2)|CYLINDRICAL RING(7,1)|HULL MATERIAL(7,1)|HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION(7,1)|OUTER SHELL(7,1)|REINFORCEMENT(6,4)|HORIZONTAL PROPELLER SHAFT(6,3)|OCEAN CULTIVATION(6,3)|SEAWEED CROP(6,3)|PERMANENT MAGNET(6,2)|WAVE CONDITION(6,2)|AIR INLET(6,1)|METHANEDIONE NET SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|SEQUESTRATION TRADING CREDIT(6,1)|SPRAYING(6,1)|CLUTCH(5,6)|BALLAST(5,3)|BEVEL PINION(5,3)|HYDRAULIC MOTOR(5,3)|CULTIVATING SHIP(5,2)|FRONTAL AREA(5,2)|HYDROFOIL UPPER SURFACE(5,2)|COOLING CONTACT(5,1)|DOUBLE REDUCTION GEAR(5,1)|ENTRY PREVENTION(5,1)|FAN(5,1)|FLOATING SEAWEED CULTIVATION(5,1)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|RANKINE OVAL ARO(5,1)|RECYCLED NUTRIENT DEPLOYMENT(5,1)|UPPINGVANE CABLE EYELET(5,1)|UPPINGVANE CENTERLINE(5,1)|WOOD(5,1)|PLAN AREA(4,8)|POWER TRANSMISSION(4,5)|LEADING EDGE(4,4)|TRAILING EDGE(4,4)|HORIZONTAL OUTPUT SHAFT(4,3)|UPPINGVANE CABLE DRUM(4,3)|BLADE ORIENTATION(4,2)|OFFSHORE TURBINE(4,2)|SEAWEED CONVERSION(4,2)|SPAN UPPINGVANE(4,2)|UPPINGVANE SPAN(4,2)|ANAEROBIC DIGESTER(4,1)|ATTRACTIVE PROPOSITION(4,1)|DIGESTER CUBIC METER(4,1)|FLOATING CROP NATURAL CONFINEMENT(4,1)|FLOW ROTATING COMPONENT(4,1)|HULL CENTERLINE(4,1)|INCIDENCE ACCURATE FIXATION(4,1)|MARINE ALGAL GROWTH(4,1)|NACA AIRFOIL(4,1)|SARGASSUM FLUITAN(4,1)|SARGASSUM NATAN(4,1)|TUG PLUS UPPINGVANE(4,1)|UNICELLULAR ALGAE(4,1)|VORTEX CANCELATION(4,1)|WASTEFUL STRONG TIP VORTICY(4,1)|NATURAL GAS(3,17)|ACTUATOR DISC(3,5)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(3,3)|CABLE COMPARTMENT(3,2)|HARVEST ABLE FISH(3,2)|INDEFINITELY SUSTAINABLE SOURCE(3,2)|MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY(3,2)|METER DEPTH(3,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(3,2)|TIP DRIVEN PROPELLER(3,2)|TUG UPPINGVANE(3,2)|ANNUAL ALLOWANCE(3,1)|ARTIFICIAL CONFINEMENT(3,1)|ARTIFICIAL UPWELLING PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|BISECTED ELLIPTICAL PLAN(3,1)|CORESPONDING SEPARATING(3,1)|CULTIVATING OCEAN(3,1)|DELTA REARWARD LEG(3,1)|DRIVING BLADE(3,1)|EXTRA HORIZONTAL STATOR VANE(3,1)|FISH STOCK DOUBLING(3,1)|FISHING LEVY(3,1)|FLEXIBLE MATERIAL(3,1)|HORSEPOWER RATING(3,1)|HULL INTERNAL PRESSURIZATION(3,1)|IU EQUATING(3,1)|KIND CULTIVATING(3,1)|LARGE SIZE(3,1)|MANNED VERSION(3,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|MONTH SEASON(3,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|NUTRIENT PLUME(3,1)|OFFER FAVORABLE LOCATION(3,1)|ORBITING SATELLITE(3,1)|PROCESSED FLOATING SEAWEED(3,1)|PROPELLER POD(3,1)|PROPELLER TORQUE(3,1)|PROPULSIVE THRUST(3,1)|RANKINE OVAL DIAMETER(3,1)|REFILL DAILY(3,1)|SEA ACIDITY(3,1)|SERVICING BOAT(3,1)|SHROUDED BLADE(3,1)|SPINNING PROPELLER(3,1)|STREAMLINED STRUT(3,1)|STREAMLINING EXTENSION(3,1)|TOWED HYDROFOIL(3,1)|TOWING STRUT(3,1)|TUG TOWING(3,1)|UPPINGVANE DRAG(3,1)|VORACITY CONVERTER(3,1)|VORTEX CENTER(3,1)|WEED HARVESTER(3,1)|GEAR PUMP(2,14)|SPUR GEAR(2,8)|CULTIVATED AREA(2,4)|ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION(2,4)|INDUCED DRAG(2,4)|RUDDER(2,3)|SPAR(2,3)|ACTUATING DISC AREA(2,2)|CAPITAL RATIO(2,2)|CURVED GUIDE(2,2)|DOWNFORCE(2,2)|DRY BIOMASS(2,2)|ENERGY AMPLIFICATION RATIO(2,2)|NUTRIENT RECYCLING(2,2)|STREAMLINED CROSS SECTION(2,2)|SUBMERGENCE DEGREE(2,2)|TOWING CABLE DRUM(2,2)|TOWING SPEED(2,2)|VORTEX CORE(2,2)|VORTEX PAIR(2,2)|WAVE ACTION(2,2)|181X3600X24X365X(2,1)|ALGAE GROWTH(2,1)|ANCHORED BARRIER(2,1)|ANNUAL FUEL COST(2,1)|APPARATUS LARGE SIZE(2,1)|APPROXIMATION ARITHMETIC MEAN(2,1)|AVERAGE CHORD(2,1)|BISECTED DISC(2,1)|CHAIN DASHED CIRCLE(2,1)|CHEAP CONSTRUCTION(2,1)|CHEAP MANUFACTURE(2,1)|COOLING JACKET(2,1)|CORRECT PROPORTION(2,1)|COUNTERMEASURE(2,1)|DELTA LEG(2,1)|DIAMETER PLUME(2,1)|DRIED ALGAE(2,1)|DRY SEAWEED(2,1)|DUMP PIPE(2,1)|EBIO MW(2,1)|ENERGY INVESTMENT(2,1)|EXTRA DRAG(2,1)|EXTRA TANK(2,1)|FERTILIZER(2,1)|FLEXIBLE BAG(2,1)|FLOATING WEED(2,1)|HALF ELLIPSE PLAN UPPINGVANE(2,1)|HP DIESEL ENGINE(2,1)|HUB DIA(2,1)|HULL OCTAGONAL SHAPE(2,1)|HULL UNDERWATER FRONTAL AREA(2,1)|IGNORING FUEL COST(2,1)|INORGANIC NUTRIENT(2,1)|ITERATION YIELD(2,1)|LITTLE PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|MAINTENANCE CREW(2,1)|MARINE BIOLOGIST SAY(2,1)|MARINE FOOD WEB(2,1)|METER BEAM(2,1)|MONTH GROWING SEASON(2,1)|NATUURAL GAS(2,1)|NEGATIVE INCIDENCE(2,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|NUTRIENT ADEQUATELY UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION(2,1)|NUTRIENT ESSENTIAL(2,1)|OPEN SEA MARINE FARM(2,1)|ORIGIN DEPTH(2,1)|PLASTIC SHELL(2,1)|PLASTIC WRAPPING(2,1)|POD DIAMETER(2,1)|POSITIVE BUOYANCY INTERNAL VOID(2,1)|PRIME MOVER MAINTENANCE(2,1)|PRISM ORIENTATION(2,1)|PROFILE DRAG COEFFICIENT(2,1)|PROPELLER TIP(2,1)|PUBLISHED EXPERIENCE(2,1)|RANKINE OVAL DIRECTION(2,1)|RANKINE OVAL EQUIVALENT DIAMETER(2,1)|REACTION TORQUE(2,1)|RECTANGULAR SHAPE UPPINGVANE(2,1)|REDFIELD(2,1)|SCALED DOWN REPLICA(2,1)|SEAWATER VORTEX MOTION(2,1)|SEQUEST CARBON(2,1)|SHORT HORIZONTALLY ORIENTED VANE(2,1)|SINGLE CELLED PHYTOPLANKTON(2,1)|SLOW DIFFUSION(2,1)|SPRING BLOOM(2,1)|SQUARE CULTIVATION(2,1)|STREAMLINED WEIGHT HANGING(2,1)|TOTAL PROPELLER THRUST(2,1)|TRIANGLE LAY BASE(2,1)|UPPINGVANE CONSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL(2,1)|UPPINGVANE DOWNWARD FORCE(2,1)|UPPINGVANE FLUID FRICTION(2,1)|UPPINGVANE HORIZONTAL SPEED(2,1)|UPPINGVANE MAIN(2,1)|UPWARD IMPULSE(2,1)|UPWARD VELOCITY(2,1)|UTILIZATION START(2,1)|VIABLE SOLUTION(2,1)|VOLUME REFILLING(2,1)|VORTEX REMOVAL(2,1)|WET SEAWEED INPUT(2,1)|WET WEED WEIGHT(2,1)|WINGLET(2,1)|WORLD DEEP OCEAN(2,1)|YEAR MEANING(2,1)|EXHAUST PIPE(1,3)|LARGE PROPELLER(1,3)|MARINE PLANT(1,3)|PROPELLER HUB(1,3)|LCV(1,2)|STERN(1,2)|TRAVERSE(1,2)|ACCRETION(1,1)|ANCHORAGE(1,1)|ANNUAL CREDIT DUE(1,1)|AVERAGE SEPARATING(1,1)|CIRCULAR ARC(1,1)|COAXIAL SHAFT(1,1)|COLUNM(1,1)|COMPENSATION MEASUREMENT BAR(1,1)|CONSTANT INCIDENCE(1,1)|CURRENT CIRCULATION(1,1)|DELTA PLAN(1,1)|DELTA SHAPE PLAN UPPINGVANE(1,1)|DERIVATION(1,1)|DOMESTIC HEATING OIL(1,1)|DU W(1,1)|ENERGY YIELD(1,1)|EQUILIBRIUM(1,1)|EURO TONNE(1,1)|FARM MACHINERY(1,1)|FEEDSTOCK(1,1)|FERTILIZATION(1,1)| | (GB2497611)|1. An ocean cultivator system comprising a tug boat containing at least one prime mover that is connected by a power transmission system to at least one propeller, the hull of the tug boat being attached by a linkage means to a hydrofoil such that in use, when the hydrofoil is deployed at an operating depth, the leading edge of the hydrofoil is positioned at a lower level than its trailing edge to direct a plume of nutrient rich seawater towards the photic zone of the sea, wherein the plan area of the hydrofoil is substantially greater than the underwater projected frontal area of the hull of the tug boat.|2. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the linkage means comprises a cable which is attached to the hydrofoil by means of a streamlined delta bar that has one leg positioned nearest to the leading edge of the hydrofoil and is attached to an upper surface of the hydrofoil by means of a hinge and one leg that is either made of a flexible material or is attached by means of a spring to the hydrofoil to counter the undesirable effect of large waves on the cultivator system.|3. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the linkage means further comprises a winding drum about which the cable is wound, the winding drum being mounted on a horizontal axle mounted within the hull of the tug boat and being driven by a hydraulic motor to wind the cable in and out during deployment or retrieval of the hydrofoil, wherein the hydraulic motor is further provided with an accumulator that compensates for vertical motion of the tug boat due to wave action such that this motion is not applied to the cable or the hydrofoil.|4. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the power transmission system comprises a horizontal output shaft that extends from the at least one prime mover to a first bevel pinion that connects to the output shaft with a clutch, the first bevel pinion cooperating with a first crown wheel fixed to an upper end of an intermediate vertical shaft, a lower end of which is connected to a second bevel pinion that cooperates with a second crown wheel that is fixed to a horizontal propeller shaft, to which the at least one propeller is fixed, such that a double reduction gear is provided and the axis of the propeller shaft is positioned below the axis of the output shaft.|5. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the at least one propeller is mounted on a watertight pod that houses the bearings of the propeller, the watertight pod being itself mounted within a hollow skeg that extends from the bottom of the hull of the tug boat, wherein the intermediate vertical shaft extends within the skeg.|6. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claim 5 wherein a skeg extension extends from the underside of the watertight pod to a depth at least as deep as the depth to which the blades of the at least one propeller extend, wherein both the skeg and skeg extension are of streamlined cross section and are so arranged to remove the rotating component of the flow leaving the at least one propeller to substantially eliminate torque reaction.|7. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claim 6 wherein a pair of horizontally extending vanes are fixed either side of the watertight pod to assist in removing rotation from the flow.|8. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the cable extends through a tube fixed inside the skeg, watertight pod and the skeg extension.|9. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claims 1 to 3 wherein the power transmission system comprises a horizontal output shaft that is connected to an alternator that provides an electric transmission to the at least one propeller that is rim driven, wherein the tips of the propeller blades have a cylindrical ring attached to them containing a plurality of permanent magnets that cooperate with a plurality of coils connected to the alternator so that the effect of a reduction gear is provided.|10. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the tug boat has a main hull that can operate submerged and has a conning tower attached to its upper surface that is of streamlined shape but relatively small plan area in order to minimise vertical motion under strong wave conditions.|11. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claim 10 wherein the main hull is internally pressurised to prevent the entry of seawater through a duct provided for deployment of the cable.|12. An ocean cultivator system claimed in claim 11 wherein the at least one prime mover comprises a turbocharged engine, with both an outlet port of the turbocharger compressor and an air inlet port of the engine being open to the interior of the main hull to provide it with internal pressurisation, wherein fans are provided within the main hull such that air is driven within the main hull into cooling contact with the walls of the main hull before entering the inlet port of the engine.|13. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the hydrofoil is constructed of reinforced concrete with reinforcement being mainly provided close to an upper surface of the hydrofoil with voids being provided within the hydrofoil to minimise negative buoyancy.|14. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claims 1 to12 wherein the hydrofoil has an outer shell made from a strong plastic material, the interior of which filled with structural foam or wood.|15. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in claim 14 wherein the hydrofoil is provided with concrete as ballast.|16. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein a towing cable is provided attached to a recycle bag that can be filled with nutrient rich water for spraying on the surface of the sea.|17. An ocean cultivator system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the sum of all the areas traced out by one propeller blade in one revolution for each of the propellers provided is greater than the underwater projected frontal area of the hull of the tug boat. | (GB2497611)|This invention is an ocean cultivator that operates by having a hydrofoil towed at a depth to throw up seawater containing nutrients in such concentration as to promote the growth of marine algae. Prior art contains towed hydrofoils for producing a down force on their towing cables but these have totally different purposes from the present invention. The prior art describes such devices used simply to enable lines towing instruments or fishing apparatus to reach adequate depths. These are of very small scale as compared to the hydrofoils needed for ocean cultivation. The invention utilises hydrofoils comparable in size to the tug towing them to project a plume of nutrient carrying seawater to the photic zone to enable marine plants to proliferate.|Excessive fishing in the North Sea is endangering many species and some could be rendered extinct unless preventive measures are implemented. The marine food web depends on the unicellular algae called phytoplankton and the latter require adequate provision of inorganic nutrients such as phosphates nitrates and trace elements. These all exist in about the correct proportions for marine algal growth but by the end of March these become so depleted in the photic zone that productivity falls to a low value and stays low for most of the growing season. The nutrients still exist below the photic zone but can only rise by slow diffusion. The invention will bring these nutrients to the photic zone rapidly to maintain productivity at a high level throughout the growing season. This will provide the food fish require and so fish stocks will be increased. At least a doubling of fish stocks in cultivated areas is promised as compared to the natural state. Furthermore the eating and dying of phytoplankton is known to sequest carbon from the atmosphere and the study that has been made has predicted that the carbon credits for which ocean cultivation would become eligible will cover the capital and operating costs that need to be met.|The present invention has some form of prime mover such as an engine needing fuel to provide the motive power for towing a hydrofoil at negative incidence at a suitable depth in the sea. The result is to propel a plume of seawater having an adequate concentration of the nutrients required for the growth of marine algae to the photic zone of the sea. Initial application in the North Sea is desirable since quite small apparatus is adequate and violent storms can develop that provide the required test conditions for ensuring adequate reliability. For adequate mitigation of environmental problems such as global warming and the reduction of ocean acidification much larger sizes of apparatus will be required for deployment in the deep oceans. Also a greater proportion of the energy produced will then need to be sacrificed since the nutrients required to promote the growth of algae have to be extracted from depths about five times as great as in the North Sea.|The present invention provides a small tug boat driven by a prime mover such as an internal combustion engine or motor that allows an inverted hydrofoil that is to be called an uppingvane to be towed. The motor could be an electric motor. For example it could operate from a fuel cell. The uppingvane forces seawater to rise from depths of 50 to 60 metres to the surface in the North Sea. This seawater contains the nutrients essential for the growth of marine algae. What a computer simulation has predicted is that the result will be between a doubling and trebling of fish stocks together with about half the biomass produced as seaweed. This is a selected floating variety such as Sargassum natans or muticum that reproduce vegetatively so not requiring anchorage to rocks or sea bed. Ultimately the invention could be applied for cultivation of oceanic gyres in the deep oceans to provide a solution to major global problems of present concern though much larger apparatus will then be required since seawater then needs to be brought from depths of about 300 metres. Floating seaweed is relatively easy to harvest and can be anaerobically digested to produce natural gas. When this is burned carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere to enhance the unwanted greenhouse effect. However this gas was absorbed from near the surface of the sea in the first place so enhancing its ability to reabsorb that gas. The air and sea will be maintained out of equilibrium so that the increase of acidification of the ocean now another cause for concern will be diminished or arrested and if energy from cultivating oceans replaces the burning of fossil fuels the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere will be stopped from increasing. The effect will be enhanced by the production of phytoplankton. These micro organisms are eaten by harvestable fish to result in further carbon sequestration. In this way the invention provides a means for solving a number of environmental problems and on a worthwhile scale. This is made possible since the environmental benefits are provided as a by product of a commercially viable solution for the provision of sustainable alternative energy products at a reasonable cost.|A more detailed summary of the marine eco system will now be given At the depths of interest all the nutrients exist in concentrations that are adequate for the growth of marine plants such as the single celled phytoplankton and some floating varieties of seaweed. Productivity during the growing season is limited by the slow rate of diffusion of these nutrients to the surface. Consequently there is a spring bloom followed by very little productivity during the summer. By accelerating the process using artificial upwelling productivity over the entire growing season can be more than doubled. Phytoplankton form the base of the food web that leads to harvestable fish and so the fish stocks now under threat from over fishing can be revived. Furthermore the increased productivity will change the concentration of inorganic carbon in the sea in such a way as to cause more carbon dioxide to be absorbed from the atmosphere. Some is sequested on the seafloor with the rest swept into the Atlantic Ocean. In this way the sequestration of carbon dioxide is achieved as a by product of the operation and can be largely or completely funded by the carbon credits for which the operation will be eligible.|When a sufficient area of the sea has been placed under cultivation another kind of crop can be introduced. Floating varieties of seaweed are known such as Sargassum fluitans S. natans and S. muticum that reproduce by vegetative means. These are readily harvestable and can be converted to natural gas by anaerobic digestion or to a form of crude oil by heating at high pressure. In this way a means for an indefinitely sustainable energy source can be created in which a net sequestration of carbon dioxide is also provided. And this sequestration is intimately connected with the increase of fish stocks that will also happen. The net sequestration is due to the phytoplankton since only about half the productivity will appear as seaweed. Since on combustion of the fuels produced carbon dioxide is deposited in the atmosphere but is depleted at and the surface of the sea the recycle back to the sea requires a concentration gradient in both air and sea. The result is to reduce the acidity of the sea and its increase is a cause of concern. Another fortunate result from the process of anaerobic digestion used for the conversion of seaweed into natural gas is that all nutrients can be recovered for recycle. Then the cultivated area can be approximately doubled so that about the same amount of natural gas can become available as calculated for the case of none lost to phytoplankton production and no recycle. These floating seaweeds can also provide an indefinitely sustainable source of chemicals and a feedstock from which materials such as plastics can be produced. Furthermore the cultivation of the North Sea followed by parts of the deep oceans of the world can be carried out without any artificial confinement by anchored barriers or nets so that other shipping is not prevented from navigation through the cultivated areas.|There are eight oceanic gyres and these offer particularly favourable locations for farming the open ocean. This is because of the natural confinement of the floating crop by circulating currents.|My invention is a tug boat containing at least one prime mover that can for example be a motor or internal combustion engine that connects with a power transmission including a speed reducing means to at least one large propeller and in which a cable deployed from the hull or the equivalent is attached to a hydrofoil that is towed underneath the hull so that a downward component of force is produced on the cable. When the prime mover is a motor it could be for example an electric motor. This could be connected to a fuel cell. A steam turbine operated from steam generated from seaweed being dried is a prime mover according to the definitions used in this invention.|The hydrofoil deployed in this way is to be called an uppingvane and is to be operated at a suitable depth in such a way that it produces a vertically downward lift force in order to deflect a plume of seawater toward the surface of the sea in which the plume contains a much higher concentration of the nutrients required for the growth of marine plants than exists at the surface during the growing season. For this purpose the uppingvane has to move horizontally with its leading end at a lower level than its trailing end.|As will be proved mathematically later in this specification an uppingvane has remarkable potential for cheaply fertilizing the ocean. Computations show that the energy potential in the biomass produced can exceed 400 times the energy needed to tow the uppingvane when towing energy is defined as the drag force at the uppingvane inclusive of induced drag and skin friction multiplied by towing speed.|For the kind of embodiment of the invention that needs to be introduced for operation in the North Sea or open ocean the prime mover is fixed inside the hull of a tug boat and the uppingvane is deployed at a suitable depth being towed preferably on a cable. The front of any boat is its bow so in front means toward the bow. Any propeller is preferably though not essentially fixed at a point in front of the point at which the cable is deployed to minimise the risk of fouling of any propeller by the cable. Any propeller is oriented as close to a horizontal axis as possible by mounting it on bearings inside a pod that in turn is supported by a streamlined strut known as a skeg attached to the hull. In order to provide the very high thrust at the low forward speeds required the area to be called an actuator disc is greater than the underwater frontal area of the hull required for providing the buoyancy needed to counter the downward component of force caused by the cable and the weight of material comprising the hull and machinery it carries. This provides another important feature of the invention since no prior art has such a feature. An actuator disc is defined here as the area A ACT swept out by one propeller blade in a single revolution and given by the equation:|AACT = 0.7854 x (D T 2 - D, 2 ): D T = tip dia.: D H = hub dia.|Although very large propellers are provided they operate with relatively low speeds through the sea and so are not required to be very strong and heavy. Fabricated structures from sheet metal and/or plastic are suitable. A problem with all propellers arises due to the pressure difference created by motion on opposite sides of each blade. This causes an unwanted flow over the blade tips and results in tip vortices that waste energy and reduce propulsive thrust.|In a preferred embodiment a shroud is fixed to the tip of each blade to reduce this unwanted effect. Each blade tip is in the form of an arc centred on the axis of rotation and the shroud is made in an arc of the same curvature fixed to the blade tip extending from blade leading edge to blade trailing edge and forming part of a cylindrical surface.|In a preferred embodiment of the invention a linkage means between tug and uppingvane is provided by a so called uppingvane winding drum about which the cable is wrapped and in which the other end of the cable is attached to the uppingvane. The uppingvane is preferably but not essentially a hollow structure having positive buoyancy but is pulled down to working depth by forward motion of the hull. It could rise back to the surface when motion stops. It is a hydrofoil as viewed in longitudinal section and can be symmetrical or have a more cambered surface on its underside. It has a low aspect ratio defined as span squared divided by plan area a typical value being 3. The plan form can have any shape from a delta shape though a half ellipse to a rectangle. In a preferred embodiment the trailing edge is a straight line but this is not an essential feature.|Since the structure of the uppingvane will be subjected to an external high pressure when at operating depth a suitable constructional material is steel reinforced concrete. Reinforcement is only required near the upper surface. To achieve slightly positive buoyancy internal voids need to be provided. An alternative is a strong plastic shell filled internally with structural foam. In either case very cheap manufacture is promised. When towed with forward end lower than trailing end seawater is propelled both upwards and to a much lesser extent forwards following the hull in a plume known as a Rankine oval that moves as a body separately from its surrounding seawater. Its internal structure is a vortex pair in which the speed of rotation increases as distance from the vortex centres is reduced. High speed vortex cores result that produce high drag. This drag penalty can optionally be reduced by the application of a set of winglets as described in patent specification number GB2468903 dated 26/3/2009.|The point of attachment of the cable is arranged close to the centre of pressure of the uppingvane. In the simplest embodiment the angle of incidence is fixed by the accurate positioning of the point of attachment using an eyelet on the lower end of the cable to cooperate with a horizontal pin mounted in a bracket fixed to the upper surface of the uppingvane. For a more accurate fixation of incidence an attaching means is provided by the eyelet attached to a so called delta bar consisting of rigid bar of streamlined section having two legs that form a triangle with the junction of the two legs forming an apex where the eyelet of the uppingvane cable attaches whilst the base of the triangle lays along the centreline of the uppingvane. In one embodiment of the invention the uppingvane is allowed to rise and fall with the tug boat due to wave effects. To minimise variation of tension in the cable the inclination from the horizontal direction of the uppingvane is made variable so that almost a constant incidence to the relative flow of seawater is maintained. Several means are provided by the invention. One simple means has the rearward leg of the delta bar made flexible for example by use of a material of low modulus of elasticity or by adding a spring. Then when tension is increased due to the tug being lifted by a wave the rear leg extends to reduce the difference in depth between leading and trailing edges whereby incidence and therefore force increase on the cable is reduced. The leg of the delta bar nearest the leading edge of the uppingvane is attached by a hinge to the upper surface of the uppingvane but the other and rearward leg is preferably though not necessarily attached close to the underside of the uppingvane so that a coiled or flat spring can be provided within the uppingvane. The uppingvane cable is made preferably of high tensile steel wires and has a plastic wrapping that also forms a streamline cross section. The streamlining extension can be loose fitting and made in short sections so that they always line up with the direction of motion.|Strong wave action will be experienced from time to time and will overstress both cable and uppingvane main spar unless further countermeasures are taken. The invention provides appropriate apparatus that will minimise wave induced stress variation. The uppingvane winding drum has a coaxial shaft mounted on bearings fixed to the hull so that this shaft has a horizontal axis and has a spur gear fixed to it at a convenient position. Either an electric motor or a hydraulic motor is provided that is mechanically coupled to the spur gear so that the uppingvane can be raised or lowered. The hydraulic drive is the preferred option since it is more suited for operation in conditions when there are high waves. A|hydraulic apparatus able to act as either a gear pump or gear motor will be called a gear pump/motor and has a pinion mounted on the same shaft as one of its two internal gears to cooperate with the spur gear connecting with the winding drum either directly or through a further reduction gear. One port of the gear pump/motor connects by a pipe to an oil reservoir that can be at atmospheric pressure and is to be called a source or an accumulator operated at not many times atmospheric pressure. The other port of the gear pump/motor connects by second pipe to a high pressure accumulator which also connects by a third pipe to a gear pump driven from the prime mover with a clutch interposed. By this means the accumulator can be filled until the pressure is sufficient to balance the force on the cable. Then when the hull is oscillating due to waves the force on the cable is maintained almost constant with the drum winding and unwinding with oil flowing into or out of the accumulator without any valves being required. For adjustment of the depth of deployment of the uppingvane the pressure inside the accumulator needs to be changed. When this pressure is increased the gear pump/motor acts as a motor to wind in the cable against the downward force produced by the uppingvane. This requirement determines which port of the gear pump/ motor needs connection to the accumulator. The power and oil flow needed is provided by the gear pump by closing the clutch connecting with the engine. For letting out cable the gear pump/motor acts as a pump producing an oil flow to the accumulator. A dump pipe containing a valve is provided for returning oil to the oil reservoir to allow the process to continue. It is possible to have a more complex arrangement that enables wave power to be harnessed. Then two accumulators are provided operating at different pressures and both are connected to the high pressure port of the gear pump/motor by pipes containing non return valves. The highest pressure accumulator is thereby not allowed outflow and the lower pressure accumulator not allowed inflow. In this way wave induced vertical motion causes oil to be pumped from the lower to the higher pressure accumulator. A gear motor is also provided connected by piping to both accumulators and having its output shaft connected to any other apparatus needing power. Analysis suggests however that the power supplement may be too small to be economically viable. This description will subsequently be regarded as applying to the uppingvane cable associated with an uppingvane winding drum since in a preferred embodiment of the invention another cable is also provided for towing a recycle bag.|Whatever shape of plan form of uppingvane is selected in each case a bending moment caused by the force on the uppingvane cable needs to be resisted and a main spar of preferably high carbon steel can be provided. The uppingvane need not be constructed entirely of metal and can even be made with very little metal. It can be constructed of reinforced concrete with most of the reinforcement close to the upper surface which is in tension. It preferably contains adequate voids in order to ensure it has small positive buoyancy. Alternatively an uppingvane can have a strong plastic skin with the interior filled with structural foam. Some concrete ballast can optionally be included to counter any excessive buoyancy. By such means very cheap construction is achievable.|Another means of preventing excessive forces being applied to the uppingvane cable during high wave conditions is provided by the invention that can be used instead of or in addition to that already described. The main hull is made to have minimum buoyancy so that the force on the uppingvane cable is able to cause submergence. A vertically oriented prism of streamline plan form and of relatively small cross sectional area is provided to be called a conning tower. This is attached to a central and upper part of the main hull so that the conning tower protrudes above the surface during normal operation. The combination of main hull and conning tower comprises the hull.|The apparatus can be operated as a robot so that no crew is required or it can have a crew. For manned versions of the invention a bridge is located at the top of the conning tower. The degree of submergence is controlled by varying power output from the prime mover. Increase of power increases speed and down force from the uppingvane so increasing the degree of submergence. Intake and exhaust pipes when fitted are provided that have openings to the atmosphere at a high enough level to prevent the ingestion of seawater. The main hull is preferably of circular or octagonal cross section as viewed from the direction of motion in order to minimise structural weight and yet counter the external pressure taking into account the depth of several metres at which it is designed to operate. This cross section can only apply to about two thirds of the distance from the bow since the two vertical plates of the hull are maintained of constant width with the remainder tapering to near zero width at the stern in order to provide a hinge joint on which a rudder is mounted.|A mast is provided that is attached to the conning tower. At the top of this mast navigation lights and a radio antenna are provided the latter being required for positional control.|In order to prevent seawater entering the main hull when operating submerged when the uppingvane cable drum is mounted in the main hull internal pressurisation is required. This is also desirable since the thickness of the hull material is also then minimised. If a turbocharged diesel engine is the prime mover then the air delivered from the compressor of the turbocharger can be delivered into the hull and the internal surface of the hull used as the aftercooler by arranging fans to circulate the air inside the main hull. The air intake port of the engine is then open to the interior of the hull.|Some typical figures will be quoted in the following description but these are to be considered as not limiting and are provided by way of example only.|Power transmission from prime mover to at least one propeller has to include means for a very large speed reduction that can typically be about 35 to one. Three alternatives can be incorporated in the invention.|A mechanical transmission is one embodiment. To incorporate an engine of known kind having a horizontal output shaft a bevel pinion is fixed to a clutch cooperating with that output shaft this pinion meshing with a crown wheel to form a first stage reduction gear of about 7 to 1 ratio. The crown wheel is fixed to a vertical shaft having another bevel pinion fixed to its bottom end and meshing with a very large crown wheel fixed to a horizontal propeller shaft. This forms a second stage reduction gear of about 5 to 1 ratio so that an engine operating at 2000 revolutions per minute can drive a propeller spinning at only about 57 revolutions per minute. The vertical shaft is contained within a skeg and the pod attaching to the skeg and in which the propeller shaft is coaxially mounted has to be about 0.3 of the tip diameter of the propeller in order to accommodate the very large crown wheel. A hydraulic transmission has the advantages of compactness but has an efficiency of only about 75 percent as compared to a mechanical efficiency of about 96 percent applicable to the previous case. Therefore this alternative is not adopted.|However an electric transmission can be provided that promises a satisfactory alternative. In this case in one embodiment a generator mounted on the output shaft of the prime mover supplies electric current to motors having pinions meshing with the spur gear fixed to the propeller shaft.|A preferred embodiment of the invention with electric transmission incorporates a tip driven propeller. Tip driven propellers are known that are operated by electric transmission and are said to be more efficient than those coupling with the propeller shaft. Indeed in such transmissions no propeller shaft or gears are incorporated. An alternator is coupled directly to the output shaft of the prime mover. The propeller has fully shrouded blades meaning that a short cylindrical ring is attached to all blade tips. This ring has a multiplicity of permanent magnets fixed to its outside surface and these cooperate with coils fixed to an enclosing ring that in turn is fixed to the bottom of the hull. These coils connect to the alternator to provide the equivalent of a reduction gear.|Very large propellers produce a considerable reaction torque. To cancel this any skeg that is attached to the hull and a propeller pod is positioned behind the propeller and has a hydrofoil section so that it acts as a stator to remove vortex motion of the seawater. Near the propeller hub the speed of the vortex is much higher than at greater radius and so the skeg is preferably constructed with a high camber close to the hub. Indeed the skeg is formed into a converter of voracity to pressure rise as in the stators of axial air compressors. To further this end a skeg extension is provided which extends from the underside of the pod to a slightly lower level than is reached by the propeller in order to provide adequate removal of the vortex and this also will be cambered at least close to the pod which is a streamline shape cooperating with the propeller hub. A pair of horizontally oriented vanes can optionally be incorporated extending laterally from the pod though not extending to as great a radius as the propeller blade tips.|In a preferred embodiment that can be provided when one or other odd number of propellers are incorporated the uppingvane cable is passed through the skeg that is fixed to the centreline of the hull the pod and skeg extension. A curved cable guide is provided extending from the rear and bottom open end of the skeg in order to prevent an excessively small radius of curvature of the cable from developing. The cable is confined within a separate cable compartment or tube within the skeg to prevent seawater reaching any reduction gears. A small low pressure air compressor can be provided to pressurise the hull so that the water level is maintained within the cable compartment and prevented from entering the main hull. This internal pressurisation also minimises compressive stresses in the main hull and so permits the use of thinner steel plate than would be required without internal pressurisation. Alternatively the winding drum can be located well above sea level in the conning tower.|If the fuel tank is to be refilled as part of the engine servicing routine that normally takes place about every 500 hours then for continuous operation this means every 21 days. This quantity of fuel can be greater than the entire weight of material from which the tug alone is constructed. For the minimum buoyancy principle on which the tug design is based the removal of so much fuel would have the undesirable consequence of causing the main hull to become excessively buoyant. To prevent this alternative compensation measures are provided in the invention and both require an increase in length of the main hull. One provides sets of flexible water bags inside the large fuel tanks that have their external surfaces in contact with the fuel oil and when the tanks a full these bags flatten so that little space is occupied. The bags have pipes attached that are open to a bag at one end and to the sea at the other. Then as fuel is used the bags inflate with seawater to eliminate the increase of buoyancy that would otherwise take place. The other alternative requires an even greater increase in hull length.|Extra tanks are provided that are empty when the fuel tank is full but fill with seawater as fuel is used.|When the prime mover is an internal combustion engine a major cost is that of the fuel oil. This can be minimised in one embodiment of the invention by cultivating a small amount of floating seaweed for conversion to natural gas that is substituted for fuel oil. For this purpose an anaerobic digester is provided that is just sufficient for operation of the engine. This digester is formed as an extra section of streamline shape and added in front of the main hull. Digestion requires operation at about 35 degrees Celsius and so the waste heat from the engine is utilised for maintaining the required temperature. For example the cooling jackets of the engine are provided with pipes that pass through the digester and the exhaust pipe from the engine can be passed through it as well if this is required.|The invention can also be used as a tug boat for purposes other than ocean cultivation. Outside of the growing season this roll could be a useful application. In this case a towing cable is best attached to an eyelet provided at the rear end of the pod housing the propeller so as to minimise the difference between the line of thrust and the line of drag.|When the invention is applied for the cultivation of a floating seaweed crop that is used to produce natural gas by anaerobic digestion it is desirable to recycle to the sea the nutrients that are recovered as a solution in the water delivered from the digestive process. The quantity will be about 90 percent of the weight of wet weed harvested. The invention then provides recycle bags to contain this fertiliser so that it can be uniformly distributed. In one embodiment a second winding drum and cable is provided preferably located in the conning tower in order to tow a recycle bag. Instead of being rigid any recycle bag is made of canvas or rubber or strong flexible plastic so it collapses as it is emptied. The recycle bag needs to have about twice the internal volume needed to provide the buoyancy required for countering the downward force of the uppingvane. With such a volume refilling from a tanker needs to take place about every hour. The drag of such a recycle bag is very small compared with that of the uppingvane and so both the diameter of this cable and the winding drum to which it is attached can be much smaller than those concerning the uppingvane. In order to counter wave effects one embodiment of the invention has a gear pump/motor and a high and a low pressure accumulator of the kind already described with reference to the uppingvane. A simpler means is a heavy weight attached to about the centre point of the cable. The cable needs a curved guide situated above it to prevent an excessive radius of curvature the curved guide being fitted with a clamp that grips the cable and with a streamlined weight hanging below. Vertical motion of the weight allows constant variation of separating distance between hull and recycling container to be accommodated. A further alternative has a coiled spring attached in series with the cable. In the latter two cases no winding drum need be provided.|A spray nozzle is attached one at each side of the hull and a pump is provided for deployment of these recycled nutrients. Operation involves each cultivating unit comprising tug uppingvane and recycle bag making repeated traverses over a selected area of sea or travelling in a spiral path so that re -fertilisation of the entire area occurs about once every two weeks. In this way an adequately uniform distribution of nutrients is achieved that are greatly depleted by the time the next supply of nutrients is delivered.|A commercial marine farm having floating seaweed as a main crop will comprise a multiplicity of cultivating units of the kind already described together with several carriers. The latter will transport recycling nutrients for delivery to each cultivating ship in turn and then return to port after filling its hold with weed for delivery to the digester. As will be shown later each cultivating unit of the minimum viable size will cultivate about 46 square kilometres of sea so that each will have an average separating distance of about 7.6 kilometres. This distance is scaled up in direct proportion to any scale up of the cultivating ship. If a gas or diesel engine is the prime mover maintenance is carried out about every twenty days and so a servicing crew together with servicing boat is also required to complete a commercially viable open sea marine farm whose main product is natural gas with fish and net carbon sequestration as by products.|In order to provide the technical background needed for evaluation and since the theoretical basis has not been published elsewhere the theoretical basis of the uppingvane will now be presented.|Showing energy amplification by an uppingvane is potentially very high. An uppingvane is a hydrofoil and like a wing produces a vortex pair confined in a volume of fluid that moves bodily in a plume quite separate from the surrounding fluid. The plume has a cross section known as a Rankine Oval. Very little friction drag and mixing with surrounding fluid are involved since the vortices act like a pair of roller bearings with motion at the edges differing little from the relative motion of the surrounding fluid. Spreading due to mixing is very small and a size increase of 1% of distance travelled at all edges of the oval is a reasonable assumption based on observation. There will be an induced drag due to providing the upward impulse to the plume and a profile drag due to fluid friction of the uppingvane. Since the following equation has not appeared yet in the literature a derivation is provided in the following.|The cross-sectional area, of this 'Rankine Oval', is A R°, with b as the span of the uppingvane and with S as its plan area. The horizontal axis of the oval is near enough 1.25 times the vertical axis though this is not important for the present study. Then:|ARO = 0.75 b 2 (From experimental data based on aspect ratio = 6) L 1 1 And the mass m o of seawater thrown up per second when the hydrofoil is propelled at horizontal speed u then becomes:|m o = p A Ro u =0.75b 2 pu [2] |Now the oval is deflected from the horizontal by angle 0 but still has the same relative speed u to the hydrofoil, friction ignored. Therefore, relative to surroundings when the at vertical component of velocity is v o the oval will have a forward speed vp that produces induced drag such that:|v o /u=sin0 & v D /u= 1-cog9: so v D /u=1- 1 11-sin 2 0|Hence: / u = (v o /u) 2|[3] |From conservation of momentum the induced drag D, = m o xvp and so from [2] & [3] the drag becomes:|D i = 0.75b 2 pu 2 1 - 1 - (V o /U) [4] |A 'profile drag' due to fluid friction has to be added but this cannot be assessed until the plan area S of the hydrofoil is known. Then with a lift coefficient C L the lift L becomes by convention:|L=C L Spu 2 [5] |This lift, pointing vertically downward in this case, is produced by the rate of change of momentum in the vertical direction of the Rankine oval and from [2] this is:|L = m o v =0.75b 2 pu 2 v iu Equating [5] and [6] yields the required plan area as:|0.75b 2 v|- 0 C L /2 u Then since the profile drag D F by convention with drag coefficient C DF is:|[6] |[7] |D F =C DF iS PU 2 So combining with [7] becomes:|DF = 0.75b2 pu t C DF V o|[8] |C L u Then the total drag D being the sum D = D, + D F using [4] & [8] becomes:|1- 1 - I ) + CDF V O|11 \U i C L U|D = 0.7 5b 2 p u 2|[9] |What is needed, however, is the ratio of ideal power consumed, Du, to the mass of oval m o that is lifted. Hence from [2] & [9] :|11 2-' V|1- 1 -( + CDF VO|\U i C L U|Du 2|m o|But only vo is known and vo/u can be specified and so the above needs to be given as a non - dimensional form of power coefficient W as:|- (v o /u) 2|[10] |Du w = 2 m 0 v 0|+ CDFICL|(v o /0 2|v o /u u is horizontal speed of uppingvane m/s W = Du where W is towing power in watts and D the drag in Newtons with:|W is a non -dimensional towing power coefficient. v o is the vertically upward velocity imparted to the plume m/s C L is the lift coefficient (infinite aspect ratio and 0.8 to 1.2 are suitable) C DF is the profile drag coefficient (infinite aspect ratio and 0.01 to 0.02 with above) mo is the mass flow in the plume in kg/s and mo = PAR() u where the cross sectional area of the Rankine oval ARO = 0.75b 2 where:|b = span of the uppingvane in metres. The value 0.75 matches experimental data on NACA|aerofoils with C L = 1.2. This means that the Rankine oval is equivalent to a circular cross section of diameter d R = 0.977 b From [2] and [10] drag D can be alternatively expressed as:|0)|D =147 p A R0 V 0 2 where A R0 = 0.75b 2|Drag hardly changes over a wide range of hull speed u. Indeed for 0=1.2 and C DF = 0.02 the value of non dimensional power W changes surprisingly little as shown below:|v o /u|0.1|0.2|0.3|0.4|0.5|0.6|0.7|Wr o|0.6679|0.5884|0.5673|0.5634|0.5692|0.5833|0.6072|And then with Eb io as the energy equivalent of the biomass produced based on the lower calorific value LCV of dry seaweed it is readily shown that since the rate of P supply with P Q|as P concentration in seawater will be A R0 u P Q and with P im p being the proportion of P by weight of dry biomass and using [11] the energy amplification ratio Eb, o /W is readily shown to be:|LCV (13Q I PB10) LCV = 15,800 J/g for fully dried algae [12] |W f, pv 0 2 With phosphorous concentration in the sea P Q =0.04 g/m 3 (at 60 m depth) Concentration in dry biomass P im p = 0.0087 gP/g biomass. [Based on the Redfield formula for Marine Phytoplankton i.e. (CH20)105 (NH3)16(H3P O 4)1 And density of seawater at depth 1028 kg/m 3 only v o remains to be decided. A value of v = 0.2 m/s at the surface is suitable and is assumed throughout my evaluation but owing to increase of the equivalent diameter d R of the Rankine oval as it rises from depth due to accretion of surrounding fluid and to overcome negative buoyancy the vertical speed vo at the origin point at depth will be greater than v. The increase of size due to mixing has to|E bio conserve momentum. A simple and accurate method of evaluation takes the arithmetic mean of two approximations to be called 'rise and mix' and 'mix and rise'. The following provides a worked example assuming a static head h a) = 0.01 m as representing the negative buoyancy to be overcome based on available data (the dashed line given in FIG. E4 for a depth of 60 m where the P Q =.0403 g/m 3 in Patent Application Number: GB1208480.2 dated 15/05/2012 ) We take as example a span b = 12 m so that with suffix o for 'origin' the equivalent diameter of the Rankine oval is d Ro = 0.977x12 = 11.72 m. The plume of this diameter at origin depth grows by 0.02x50 m = 1.0 m to become:|d R = 12.72 m so d R / dRo = 1.085 For example if the plume rises first without mixing the speed due to negative buoyancy will fall from v o to say 12,, given by v, 2 = v 0 2 - 2gh. Then the plume increases in mass in ratio:|(d R / d R o ) 2 due to mixing and so the speed at the surface reduces to v = v Y (d R o / d R ) 2. So after substituting for v Y and rearranging we obtain:|`rise and mix' giving: V OA = V(cl R I d Ro ) 4 v 2 + 2g h so = 0.5016 m/s|[13] |`mix and rise' gives: voB = (dR idRo )2Vv 2 + 2g h so = 0.5721 m/s|[14] |The average is: vo = 0.5368 m/s If now we choose v o /u = 0.5 then the towing speed becomes 1.074 m/s or 3.86 km/h If however we choose a design speed of 2 m/s or 7.2 km/h then iteration yields:|vo/u = 0.2752: vo = 0.5506 and from [10] W,, becomes 0.5704 The effective diameter of the Rankine oval becomes 11.72 m giving AR0 = 107.9 m 2 Then equation[11] gives the drag D as 19,193 N and at u=2 m/s towing power = 38.4 kW. The energy amplification ratio obtained from [12] and for v o /u = 0.5506 becomes:|Eb, o /W = 411.8 Multiplied by the towing power yields an energy output in biomass as 15.82 MW|Some figures provided from a detailed computer analysis now follow for this case.|0) O|(1) (2)|( 3 )|(4)|(5) (6)|( 7 )|( 8 )|( 9 )|(10)|Q m 3 /s|M N( ) dry g/s|EBIO|MW|WT|kW|EBIO|W T|Lift kN|Drag + Hull N|S Up'n m 2|C m Up'n|Prop D t m|216.1|1001|15.82|42.2|122.3|40.5|4.13|3.01|Column (1) is the volume flow from the uppingvane and (2) the resulting total biomass production if fully dried. The harvested weight would be 10 times as high. Column (4) is the ideal power needed inclusive of streamline towing cable and three times hull drag to allow for towing a recycle bag. This total drag is only 1.099 times the uppingvane drag. The plan area S of the uppingvane is given in column (8) and its average chord given in colunm (9). The propeller tip diameter is given in column (10) based on a jet propulsion efficiency of 75% and a blading efficiency of 80% resulting in an overall propulsion efficiency of 60%. Then a mechanical efficiency for the reduction gears is taken as 96% so that the engine power requirement becomes 73.3 kW. Then with a thermal efficiency assumed as 35% the energy input to the engine as fuel becomes 209.4 kW.|With full recycle of nutrients and half the biomass production represented by phytoplankton the figure in column (3) represents the energy equivalent of the seaweed harvest with the same value producing phytoplankton from which about 2% will convert to fish with the result of carbon sequestration. However the conversion efficiecy of seaweed to natural gas from chemical analysis is 76% so dropping the output as natural gas on an LCV|basis to 12.0 MW|So the net output as natural gas becomes 57 times the energy needed for cultivation.|More energy would be consumed by transport and weed harvesting. But even if the resulting gain ratio then reduced to as low a value as 20 the return on energy investment would be considerable since only 5% of the energy yield needs to be used by the marine farm. The area of sea cultivated would be about 46 square kilometres with a separating distance of only 19 metres between traverses for this case with seaweed harvested and with re fertilisation every 14 days. The coresponding separating distance between the cultivating units described in this invention is then 7.6 kilometres.|These figures suggest the invention should be very commercially viable.|When anaerobic digestion is provided a residence time for the wet seaweed of about 25 days is needed. Then for application to the example given in the previous table a wet seaweed input of 10 times the dry value is needed and becomes 10.01kg/s or 21,620 tonnes in 25 days. This figure is also about the volume in cubic metres of the digester needed to convert the entire crop into natuural gas. However, the engine requires only 1/75 th of this and so the volume required is reduced to 286 m 3.|Economic evaluation based on CO 2 sequestration trading credits 1 Euro = £0.8374 so 9 Euros/tonne of CO 2 =£7.537/te At this stage only the target capital costs that would allow profitable operation are estimated.|A 12 m span uppingvane towed at 2 m/s will produce an average fully dried biomass yield of 1001 g/s at 100% utilisation falling to 900 g/s at an achievable utilisation of 90% There are 0.358 kg carbon/kg dry biomass so carbon sequestered = 0.322.2 kg/s But CO 2 is 44/12 times weight of carbon so CO 2 sequestered = 1.181 kg/s Over the 7 month season this becomes: 1.181x3600x24x365x7/12/1000 = 21,726 to @ £7.537/te the annual credit due is: £163,746. This figure is applicable to the case where no seaweed is produced or the case when the biomass produced as seaweed equals that of the phytoplankton but with all nutrients from anaerobic digestion recycled to the sea|To determine the ratio of capital to annual costs the published experience of Vestos V 80 offshore turbine of 2 MW rated power will be utilised. This is reasonable since similar maintenance and interest costs can be expected.|In 2004-2005 the cost of this 2 MW offshore wind turbine was £2.4 million and @ 10% interest requires £6.11 million paid over 20 years meaning £306,000/year. To this is added £75,000 maintenance.|So the total annual cost is £381,000 for offshore 2 MW turbines. There are no wages for offshore turbines or the upwelling units.|The ratio of capital to annual total cost is therefore £2,400,000/381,000 = 6.3|Therefore assuming this ratio to apply and if a 30% profit margin is allowed then ignoring fuel cost (only allowable if natural gas produced on site is used as fuel) money reinvested for capital and maintenance from carbon credits becomes £163,746x0.7 = £114,622. Then based on the above ratio of 6.3 the acceptable capital cost of the tug plus uppingvane becomes: £114,622x6.3 = £722,120. And this is for carbon credits alone without any fishing levy that ought to be due since the scheme will more than double the fish stocks that do the carbon sequestration (and marine biologists say many species are threatened by over fishing).|However, if no natural gas is made available as in the case where no seaweed is grown a fossil fuel such as diesel oil has to be used.|An engine is required providing 74 kW at about 60% of full load in order to obtain long life and most economical operation so the rated power will be 123 kW (165 hp) Assuming a thermal efficiency of 35 % and continuous operation for a 7 month growing season at utilisation of 90% requires 122,900 litres of diesel oil. The fuel price will be assumed equal to that of domestic heating oil at £0.6/litre.|Then the annual fuel cost becomes:|£73,740|This is a large fraction of the £114,622 allowable from carbon credits leaving:|£40,882|This makes the allowable capital cost per tug and uppingvane £40,882x6.3 =|£257,560|Whilst these figures have to be regarded as provisional the analysis does indicate that the major cost will be fuel oil for this application of the invention.|If half is harvested as floating weed with full nutrient recycle after anaerobic digestion to provide natural gas as another product then output as biomass in seaweed is equal to the value already given since the cultivated area is doubled to Asea = 46 km 2 per uppingvane. The average natural gas output per unit at 90% utilisation starts from the energy equivalent value of 15.82 MW given in the previous table. Then at 90% utilisation this reduces to 14.24 MW. With conversion efficiency to natural gas of 76% the gross output is 10.82 MW. Then with 5% returned for driving the farm machinery the available average power = 10.28 MW. This converts for the growing season to 52.5 GWh If cost is 0.1 retail value of 4.0 p/kWh then £0.004/kWh = £4000/GWh can be allocated to cover operational cost.|This results in providing the annual allowance per unit of 52.5x£4,000 = £210,000 Then using the same factor of 6.3 the permissible capital cost becomes £1,323,000 Adding carbon credits gives a total allowable capital cost of £1,486,700 For each tug and uppingvane unit driven by part of the natural gas produced.|The cost of operation of carriers and weed harvesters has not yet been evaluated but would probably still not more than treble total costs of operation. This would raise the cost from 10% of gas retail value to 30% of retail value.|A careful design study based on the use of mild steel has shown the total empty weight of the tug and 12 metre span uppingvane would be:|190 hp diesel engine operating at 65% of rated power (73 kW) 807 kg Shafts and spur gear 170 kg Two blade propeller with main spar of 0.9%C steel stressed at 20,000 psi 1680 kg Skeg: 450 kg: pod 320 kg: Skeg + Pod: 770 kg Cable in 0.9% C steel stress 30,000 psi 80 m long 385 kg Cable drum and accessories 400 kg Main hull 6mm (1/4") plate 2190 kg: conning tower 1060 kg: Hull: 3520 kg Rudder 100 kg Total displacement 7830 kg|Uppingvane span 12 m: plan as half disc: lift force 84140 N: main spar 10 te skin plus frames and towing strut 10 m long 5 te Total empty weight of tug and uppingvane is: 23 tonnes. (If reinforced concrete is the constructional material of the uppingvane then its weight will be 17 tonnes to achieve neutral buoyancy)|So allowable capital cost per tonne for viability on carbon credits alone with operation on fuel oil and with no seaweed crop is: £257,560/23 te|Yielding an acceptable specific capital cost per tonne of: £11,200/tonne. This figure should not be too difficult to attain.|And with natural gas as major product becomes £1,486,700/23 = £64,640/tonne. Unit costs per tonne should be far less than this making marine farming for natural gas from seaweed appear to be a very commercially attractive proposition.|Cultivation of a square of the North Sea of side 500 km with 23 km 2 cultivated per 12 metre span uppingvane would require 11,000 tug/uppingvane units without a seaweed crop and about half that number with a seaweed crop and full nutrient recycle.|Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described by example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:|Figure 1 shows a side sectional elevation of a tug boat towing an uppingvane on a cable Figure 2 shows a cross section of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 Figure 3 shows a plan view of an uppingvane of delta shape plan form. Figure 4 shows a plan view of an uppingvane of half ellipse plan form. Figure 5 shows a plan view of an uppingvane of rectangular shape.|Referring to Fig.1 showing a side sectional elevation of the invention to the scale shown above Fig.1 the main hull 1 is shown that is designed to operate submerged with its centreline at a depth of two metres. To withstand the pressure using a cheap constructional method the cross section is made octagonal as shown in Fig.2. Using mild steel plate of 6mm thickness no frames are provided. To provide minimum buoyancy for mitigating the effect of strong waves a conning tower 2 of streamline plan form and only one metre beam attaches to the main hull and emerges 1.5 metres above sea level marked S. L. The combination constitutes the hull and is fully enclosed with hatches provided to allow access by a maintenance crew. This embodiment of the invention is arranged to operate as a remote controlled robot though room is available for a small crew if one was required for some purpose. A diesel engine of 190 rated horse power is shown at 3 having an air inlet pipe 4 and exhaust pipe 5 emerging well above sea level. A fuel tank 6 is provided of 0.5 cubic metres volume that has to be refilled daily. If operation is required for 21 days to coincide with engine servicing then tanks totalling 10 m 3 would be required. This would require the main hull to be increased about 3.4 metres in length and to eliminate buoyancy increase as fuel is consumed bags inside the tanks need to be progressively filled with seawater.|The output shaft of the engine connects through a clutch that is not shown to drive a pinion. This is a bevel pinion meshing with crown wheel as shown at 7 with the crown wheel fixed to the vertical shaft 8. The combination forms a 7:1 reduction gear. Attached to vertical shaft 8 at its bottom end is another pinion meshing with a very large crown wheel 9 to provide a further reduction gear of ratio 5.1 so that an overall reduction from the engine of 35:1 is provided to drive a horizontal propeller shaft. This enables the propeller 10 that is fixed to the same propeller shaft to operate at its design speed of only 57 revolutions per minute with the engine operating at 2,000 revolutions per minute.|The propeller has two blades 11 the tips of which are attached to shrouds 12. These shrouds have the same chord as the blade tips and are bent to a circular arc centred on the axis of rotation. The shrouds extend in the direction of the axis of rotation for an appropriate distance both in the forward and rearward direction. The purpose of these shrouds is to minimise the flow over the blade tips that reduces thrust and leads to wasteful strong tip vorticies. The blades are shown with considerable chord near the root section in order to produce uniform torque over the entire blade length. Without some way of countering the propeller torque the hull would tend to be rolled about its longitudinal axis. To prevent this a skeg 13 is provided of streamline cross section and has a camber at least near the propeller blade root position in order to act as a stator to remove some of the vortex motion and produce a pressure rise by converting the kinetic energy associated with that vortex motion to a pressure gain. The skeg also provides the structural member needed to support the streamline shaped pod 14 that contains the propeller shaft and gears 9. To provide further cancellation of the vortex caused by the propeller a skeg extension 15 is provided attached to the pod 14 at its underside and reaching a depth slightly greater than to which the blade tips reach. Further guidance of flow can optionally by provided by short horizontally oriented vanes 16 that are not shown except in Fig. 2.|An uppingvane 17 is shown in section at its centreline and consists of a hydrofoil operated with its leading edge at a lower level than the trailing edge in order to deflect a plume of seawater toward the surface of the sea. An uppingvane cable drum 18 is provided located in the main hull 1. It could be alternatively located in the conning tower 2. The uppingvane cable drum has cable 19 wrapped around it and extending through a tube in skeg 13 and skeg extension15 the tube having curved cable guide 20 attached to prevent excessive bending of the cable. The cable 19 ends in an eyelet attaching through a clamp 21 to a delta bar 22. This consists of a bar of streamlined cross section bent near the middle and attached to the upper surface of the uppingvane to form a triangle.|The cable drum 18 is mounted on a shaft having a horizontal axis and on which a spur gear 23 is also fixed. This spur gear cooperates with a pinion connecting to a gear pump/motor 24. Two accumulators 25 and 26 are provided one of which operates at or near atmospheric pressure to be called a source with the other having a very high pressure and one port of the gear pump/motor connects to the bottom of one accumulator and the other port to the bottom of the other accumulator so that the force on the cable is balanced by the pressure on the teeth of the spur gear 23. Another gear pump 27 is driven from the engine via any kind of transmission inclusive of a clutch or switch in order to fill the high pressure accumulator from a store or the low pressure accumulator in order to provide the correct pressure and a stop valve 28 is provided as an optional extra.|A rudder 29 is provided for steering and is preferably operated by hydraulic remote controlled actuators that obey signals from an on board computer that in turn is provided by latitudes and longitudes from orbiting satellites. In this way the tug is made able to fertilize a specified area of the sea with the required degree of uniformity and operated robotically so that no crew is required. A mast needed for navigation lights and radio antenna is not shown. When the marine farm includes the recycle of nutrients recovered from conversion of seaweeds to fuels then recycle bags are required. In Fig.1 a towing cable 30 is provided for a flexible bag type of container. Any kind of towing method having the flexibility needed to accommodate the strongest waves that can be expected can be provided. In Fig.1 a scaled down replica of that used for the uppingvane is illustrated with the cable deployed from towing cable drum 31.|Referring now to Fig. 2 a cross section of the invention is shown taken through the engine 3 looking from the direction of bow to stern. The octagonal shape of the main hull 1 is shown together with the narrow cross section of conning tower 2 with combination of 1 and 2 constituting the hull. This profile illustrates the principle of minimum buoyancy on which the hull is based with small plan area penetrating the surface of the sea. This arrangement minimises the response to large sea waves. What is also clearly illustrated is the very large area of the actuating disc that propeller 11 traces out as it revolves. The area of the actuating disc is that enclosed by the chain dashed circle and pod 14 the diameter of the pod being the same as that of the hub of the propeller. What is novel here is the area of the actuating disc exceeding that needed to provide the buoyancy needed to counter the force on the cable 19 and the weight of the hull and its contents. Propeller 11 has a shroud 12 fixed to each blade tip to minimise flow over those tips and so improve the total propeller thrust. The pod 14 is supported by and fixed to skeg 13 which is in turn fixed to the bottom of main hull 1. There is a skeg extension 15 fixed to the bottom of pod 14. Extra horizontal stator vanes 16 are also provided but do not extend to a distance as great as the radius of the propeller tips. Together with skeg and skeg extension a stator is provided able to substantially remove vortex flow caused by the propeller 11 thereby cancelling most of the torque reaction produced as a result of driving the propeller. A curved cable guide 20 is fixed to the bottom of the skeg extension 15. Cable 19 is passed through both skeg and skeg extension being wrapped round winding drum 18 at its upper end and attached to the delta bar 22 that is fixed to uppingvane 17. A|towing cable drum 31 is also shown but is not required unless the recycling of nutrients from processed floating seaweeds is incorporated.|Referring to figs 3, 4 and 5 a range of plan views of possible uppingvane embodiments are shown. All have the same span of 12 metres and the same plan area as required for towing at a speed of 2 metres per second in order to send a plume of seawater from a depth of 60 metres to the surface of the sea to start spreading in both transverse directions at 0.2 metres per second. Fig.3 shows a triangular shape also known as a delta plan form. Fig.4 shows a bisected elliptical plan form that is close to a bisected disc and is the presently preferred embodiment of the invention. Fig.5 shows a rectangular plan form. Flows over the outer tips would add extra drag and to minimise the strength of vortex cores two sets of hydrofoils 32 of short span and chord are provided. These turn the flows going over the tips toward a direction opposite motion to minimise drag by utilising the kinetic energy that would otherwise be wasted to create excessively rapidly rotating vortex cores. This feature is however covered in detail in a previous patent specification number:|GB2468903 dated 26/3/2009.|This feature could also be applied to the plan forms illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. In each case a bending moment caused by the force on the uppingvane cable needs to be resisted and a main spar of preferably high carbon steel can be provided. The uppingvane need not be constructed entirely of metal and can even be made with very little metal. It can be constructed of reinforced concrete with most of the reinforcement close to the upper surface which is in tension. It preferably contains adequate voids in order to ensure it has small positive buoyancy. Alternatively an uppingvane can have a strong plastic skin the interior filled with structural foam. Some concrete ballast can optionally be included to counter any excessive buoyancy. | (GB2497611)|This invention is an ocean cultivator that operates by having a hydrofoil towed at a depth to throw up seawater containing nutrients in such concentration as to promote the growth of marine algae. Prior art contains towed hydrofoils for producing a down force on their towing cables but these have totally different purposes from the present invention. The prior art describes such devices used simply to enable lines towing instruments or fishing apparatus to reach adequate depths. These are of very small scale as compared to the hydrofoils needed for ocean cultivation. The invention utilises hydrofoils comparable in size to the tug towing them to project a plume of nutrient carrying seawater to the photic zone to enable marine plants to proliferate.|Excessive fishing in the North Sea is endangering many species and some could be rendered extinct unless preventive measures are implemented. The marine food web depends on the unicellular algae called phytoplankton and the latter require adequate provision of inorganic nutrients such as phosphates nitrates and trace elements. These all exist in about the correct proportions for marine algal growth but by the end of March these become so depleted in the photic zone that productivity falls to a low value and stays low for most of the growing season. The nutrients still exist below the photic zone but can only rise by slow diffusion. The invention will bring these nutrients to the photic zone rapidly to maintain productivity at a high level throughout the growing season. This will provide the food fish require and so fish stocks will be increased. At least a doubling of fish stocks in cultivated areas is promised as compared to the natural state. Furthermore the eating and dying of phytoplankton is known to sequest carbon from the atmosphere and the study that has been made has predicted that the carbon credits for which ocean cultivation would become eligible will cover the capital and operating costs that need to be met.|The present invention has some form of prime mover such as an engine needing fuel to provide the motive power for towing a hydrofoil at negative incidence at a suitable depth in the sea. The result is to propel a plume of seawater having an adequate concentration of the nutrients required for the growth of marine algae to the photic zone of the sea. Initial application in the North Sea is desirable since quite small apparatus is adequate and violent storms can develop that provide the required test conditions for ensuring adequate reliability. For adequate mitigation of environmental problems such as global warming and the reduction of ocean acidification much larger sizes of apparatus will be required for deployment in the deep oceans. Also a greater proportion of the energy produced will then need to be sacrificed since the nutrients required to promote the growth of algae have to be extracted from depths about five times as great as in the North Sea.|The present invention provides a small tug boat driven by a prime mover such as an internal combustion engine or motor that allows an inverted hydrofoil that is to be called an uppingvane to be towed. The motor could be an electric motor. For example it could operate from a fuel cell. The uppingvane forces seawater to rise from depths of 50 to 60 metres to the surface in the North Sea. This seawater contains the nutrients essential for the growth of marine algae. What a computer simulation has predicted is that the result will be between a doubling and trebling of fish stocks together with about half the biomass produced as seaweed. This is a selected floating variety such as Sargassum natans or muticum that reproduce vegetatively so not requiring anchorage to rocks or sea bed. Ultimately the invention could be applied for cultivation of oceanic gyres in the deep oceans to provide a solution to major global problems of present concern though much larger apparatus will then be required since seawater then needs to be brought from depths of about 300 metres. Floating seaweed is relatively easy to harvest and can be anaerobically digested to produce natural gas. When this is burned carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere to enhance the unwanted greenhouse effect. However this gas was absorbed from near the surface of the sea in the first place so enhancing its ability to reabsorb that gas. The air and sea will be maintained out of equilibrium so that the increase of acidification of the ocean now another cause for concern will be diminished or arrested and if energy from cultivating oceans replaces the burning of fossil fuels the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere will be stopped from increasing. The effect will be enhanced by the production of phytoplankton. These micro organisms are eaten by harvestable fish to result in further carbon sequestration. In this way the invention provides a means for solving a number of environmental problems and on a worthwhile scale. This is made possible since the environmental benefits are provided as a by product of a commercially viable solution for the provision of sustainable alternative energy products at a reasonable cost.|A more detailed summary of the marine eco system will now be given At the depths of interest all the nutrients exist in concentrations that are adequate for the growth of marine plants such as the single celled phytoplankton and some floating varieties of seaweed. Productivity during the growing season is limited by the slow rate of diffusion of these nutrients to the surface. Consequently there is a spring bloom followed by very little productivity during the summer. By accelerating the process using artificial upwelling productivity over the entire growing season can be more than doubled. Phytoplankton form the base of the food web that leads to harvestable fish and so the fish stocks now under threat from over fishing can be revived. Furthermore the increased productivity will change the concentration of inorganic carbon in the sea in such a way as to cause more carbon dioxide to be absorbed from the atmosphere. Some is sequested on the seafloor with the rest swept into the Atlantic Ocean. In this way the sequestration of carbon dioxide is achieved as a by product of the operation and can be largely or completely funded by the carbon credits for which the operation will be eligible.|When a sufficient area of the sea has been placed under cultivation another kind of crop can be introduced. Floating varieties of seaweed are known such as Sargassum fluitans S. natans and S. muticum that reproduce by vegetative means. These are readily harvestable and can be converted to natural gas by anaerobic digestion or to a form of crude oil by heating at high pressure. In this way a means for an indefinitely sustainable energy source can be created in which a net sequestration of carbon dioxide is also provided. And this sequestration is intimately connected with the increase of fish stocks that will also happen. The net sequestration is due to the phytoplankton since only about half the productivity will appear as seaweed. Since on combustion of the fuels produced carbon dioxide is deposited in the atmosphere but is depleted at and the surface of the sea the recycle back to the sea requires a concentration gradient in both air and sea. The result is to reduce the acidity of the sea and its increase is a cause of concern. Another fortunate result from the process of anaerobic digestion used for the conversion of seaweed into natural gas is that all nutrients can be recovered for recycle. Then the cultivated area can be approximately doubled so that about the same amount of natural gas can become available as calculated for the case of none lost to phytoplankton production and no recycle. These floating seaweeds can also provide an indefinitely sustainable source of chemicals and a feedstock from which materials such as plastics can be produced. Furthermore the cultivation of the North Sea followed by parts of the deep oceans of the world can be carried out without any artificial confinement by anchored barriers or nets so that other shipping is not prevented from navigation through the cultivated areas.|There are eight oceanic gyres and these offer particularly favourable locations for farming the open ocean. This is because of the natural confinement of the floating crop by circulating currents.|My invention is a tug boat containing at least one prime mover that can for example be a motor or internal combustion engine that connects with a power transmission including a speed reducing means to at least one large propeller and in which a cable deployed from the hull or the equivalent is attached to a hydrofoil that is towed underneath the hull so that a downward component of force is produced on the cable. When the prime mover is a motor it could be for example an electric motor. This could be connected to a fuel cell. A steam turbine operated from steam generated from seaweed being dried is a prime mover according to the definitions used in this invention.|The hydrofoil deployed in this way is to be called an uppingvane and is to be operated at a suitable depth in such a way that it produces a vertically downward lift force in order to deflect a plume of seawater toward the surface of the sea in which the plume contains a much higher concentration of the nutrients required for the growth of marine plants than exists at the surface during the growing season. For this purpose the uppingvane has to move horizontally with its leading end at a lower level than its trailing end.|As will be proved mathematically later in this specification an uppingvane has remarkable potential for cheaply fertilizing the ocean. Computations show that the energy potential in the biomass produced can exceed 400 times the energy needed to tow the uppingvane when towing energy is defined as the drag force at the uppingvane inclusive of induced drag and skin friction multiplied by towing speed.|For the kind of embodiment of the invention that needs to be introduced for operation in the North Sea or open ocean the prime mover is fixed inside the hull of a tug boat and the uppingvane is deployed at a suitable depth being towed preferably on a cable. The front of any boat is its bow so in front means toward the bow. Any propeller is preferably though not essentially fixed at a point in front of the point at which the cable is deployed to minimise the risk of fouling of any propeller by the cable. Any propeller is oriented as close to a horizontal axis as possible by mounting it on bearings inside a pod that in turn is supported by a streamlined strut known as a skeg attached to the hull. In order to provide the very high thrust at the low forward speeds required the area to be called an actuator disc is greater than the underwater frontal area of the hull required for providing the buoyancy needed to counter the downward component of force caused by the cable and the weight of material comprising the hull and machinery it carries. This provides another important feature of the invention since no prior art has such a feature. An actuator disc is defined here as the area A ACT swept out by one propeller blade in a single revolution and given by the equation:|AACT = 0.7854 x (D T 2 - D, 2 ): D T = tip dia.: D H = hub dia.|Although very large propellers are provided they operate with relatively low speeds through the sea and so are not required to be very strong and heavy. Fabricated structures from sheet metal and/or plastic are suitable. A problem with all propellers arises due to the pressure difference created by motion on opposite sides of each blade. This causes an unwanted flow over the blade tips and results in tip vortices that waste energy and reduce propulsive thrust.|In a preferred embodiment a shroud is fixed to the tip of each blade to reduce this unwanted effect. Each blade tip is in the form of an arc centred on the axis of rotation and the shroud is made in an arc of the same curvature fixed to the blade tip extending from blade leading edge to blade trailing edge and forming part of a cylindrical surface.|In a preferred embodiment of the invention a linkage means between tug and uppingvane is provided by a so called uppingvane winding drum about which the cable is wrapped and in which the other end of the cable is attached to the uppingvane. The uppingvane is preferably but not essentially a hollow structure having positive buoyancy but is pulled down to working depth by forward motion of the hull. It could rise back to the surface when motion stops. It is a hydrofoil as viewed in longitudinal section and can be symmetrical or have a more cambered surface on its underside. It has a low aspect ratio defined as span squared divided by plan area a typical value being 3. The plan form can have any shape from a delta shape though a half ellipse to a rectangle. In a preferred embodiment the trailing edge is a straight line but this is not an essential feature.|Since the structure of the uppingvane will be subjected to an external high pressure when at operating depth a suitable constructional material is steel reinforced concrete. Reinforcement is only required near the upper surface. To achieve slightly positive buoyancy internal voids need to be provided. An alternative is a strong plastic shell filled internally with structural foam. In either case very cheap manufacture is promised. When towed with forward end lower than trailing end seawater is propelled both upwards and to a much lesser extent forwards following the hull in a plume known as a Rankine oval that moves as a body separately from its surrounding seawater. Its internal structure is a vortex pair in which the speed of rotation increases as distance from the vortex centres is reduced. High speed vortex cores result that produce high drag. This drag penalty can optionally be reduced by the application of a set of winglets as described in patent specification number GB2468903 dated 26/3/2009.|The point of attachment of the cable is arranged close to the centre of pressure of the uppingvane. In the simplest embodiment the angle of incidence is fixed by the accurate positioning of the point of attachment using an eyelet on the lower end of the cable to cooperate with a horizontal pin mounted in a bracket fixed to the upper surface of the uppingvane. For a more accurate fixation of incidence an attaching means is provided by the eyelet attached to a so called delta bar consisting of rigid bar of streamlined section having two legs that form a triangle with the junction of the two legs forming an apex where the eyelet of the uppingvane cable attaches whilst the base of the triangle lays along the centreline of the uppingvane. In one embodiment of the invention the uppingvane is allowed to rise and fall with the tug boat due to wave effects. To minimise variation of tension in the cable the inclination from the horizontal direction of the uppingvane is made variable so that almost a constant incidence to the relative flow of seawater is maintained. Several means are provided by the invention. One simple means has the rearward leg of the delta bar made flexible for example by use of a material of low modulus of elasticity or by adding a spring. Then when tension is increased due to the tug being lifted by a wave the rear leg extends to reduce the difference in depth between leading and trailing edges whereby incidence and therefore force increase on the cable is reduced. The leg of the delta bar nearest the leading edge of the uppingvane is attached by a hinge to the upper surface of the uppingvane but the other and rearward leg is preferably though not necessarily attached close to the underside of the uppingvane so that a coiled or flat spring can be provided within the uppingvane. The uppingvane cable is made preferably of high tensile steel wires and has a plastic wrapping that also forms a streamline cross section. The streamlining extension can be loose fitting and made in short sections so that they always line up with the direction of motion.|Strong wave action will be experienced from time to time and will overstress both cable and uppingvane main spar unless further countermeasures are taken. The invention provides appropriate apparatus that will minimise wave induced stress variation. The uppingvane winding drum has a coaxial shaft mounted on bearings fixed to the hull so that this shaft has a horizontal axis and has a spur gear fixed to it at a convenient position. Either an electric motor or a hydraulic motor is provided that is mechanically coupled to the spur gear so that the uppingvane can be raised or lowered. The hydraulic drive is the preferred option since it is more suited for operation in conditions when there are high waves. A|hydraulic apparatus able to act as either a gear pump or gear motor will be called a gear pump/motor and has a pinion mounted on the same shaft as one of its two internal gears to cooperate with the spur gear connecting with the winding drum either directly or through a further reduction gear. One port of the gear pump/motor connects by a pipe to an oil reservoir that can be at atmospheric pressure and is to be called a source or an accumulator operated at not many times atmospheric pressure. The other port of the gear pump/motor connects by second pipe to a high pressure accumulator which also connects by a third pipe to a gear pump driven from the prime mover with a clutch interposed. By this means the accumulator can be filled until the pressure is sufficient to balance the force on the cable. Then when the hull is oscillating due to waves the force on the cable is maintained almost constant with the drum winding and unwinding with oil flowing into or out of the accumulator without any valves being required. For adjustment of the depth of deployment of the uppingvane the pressure inside the accumulator needs to be changed. When this pressure is increased the gear pump/motor acts as a motor to wind in the cable against the downward force produced by the uppingvane. This requirement determines which port of the gear pump/ motor needs connection to the accumulator. The power and oil flow needed is provided by the gear pump by closing the clutch connecting with the engine. For letting out cable the gear pump/motor acts as a pump producing an oil flow to the accumulator. A dump pipe containing a valve is provided for returning oil to the oil reservoir to allow the process to continue. It is possible to have a more complex arrangement that enables wave power to be harnessed. Then two accumulators are provided operating at different pressures and both are connected to the high pressure port of the gear pump/motor by pipes containing non return valves. The highest pressure accumulator is thereby not allowed outflow and the lower pressure accumulator not allowed inflow. In this way wave induced vertical motion causes oil to be pumped from the lower to the higher pressure accumulator. A gear motor is also provided connected by piping to both accumulators and having its output shaft connected to any other apparatus needing power. Analysis suggests however that the power supplement may be too small to be economically viable. This description will subsequently be regarded as applying to the uppingvane cable associated with an uppingvane winding drum since in a preferred embodiment of the invention another cable is also provided for towing a recycle bag.|Whatever shape of plan form of uppingvane is selected in each case a bending moment caused by the force on the uppingvane cable needs to be resisted and a main spar of preferably high carbon steel can be provided. The uppingvane need not be constructed entirely of metal and can even be made with very little metal. It can be constructed of reinforced concrete with most of the reinforcement close to the upper surface which is in tension. It preferably contains adequate voids in order to ensure it has small positive buoyancy. Alternatively an uppingvane can have a strong plastic skin with the interior filled with structural foam. Some concrete ballast can optionally be included to counter any excessive buoyancy. By such means very cheap construction is achievable.|Another means of preventing excessive forces being applied to the uppingvane cable during high wave conditions is provided by the invention that can be used instead of or in addition to that already described. The main hull is made to have minimum buoyancy so that the force on the uppingvane cable is able to cause submergence. A vertically oriented prism of streamline plan form and of relatively small cross sectional area is provided to be called a conning tower. This is attached to a central and upper part of the main hull so that the conning tower protrudes above the surface during normal operation. The combination of main hull and conning tower comprises the hull.|The apparatus can be operated as a robot so that no crew is required or it can have a crew. For manned versions of the invention a bridge is located at the top of the conning tower. The degree of submergence is controlled by varying power output from the prime mover. Increase of power increases speed and down force from the uppingvane so increasing the degree of submergence. Intake and exhaust pipes when fitted are provided that have openings to the atmosphere at a high enough level to prevent the ingestion of seawater. The main hull is preferably of circular or octagonal cross section as viewed from the direction of motion in order to minimise structural weight and yet counter the external pressure taking into account the depth of several metres at which it is designed to operate. This cross section can only apply to about two thirds of the distance from the bow since the two vertical plates of the hull are maintained of constant width with the remainder tapering to near zero width at the stern in order to provide a hinge joint on which a rudder is mounted.|A mast is provided that is attached to the conning tower. At the top of this mast navigation lights and a radio antenna are provided the latter being required for positional control.|In order to prevent seawater entering the main hull when operating submerged when the uppingvane cable drum is mounted in the main hull internal pressurisation is required. This is also desirable since the thickness of the hull material is also then minimised. If a turbocharged diesel engine is the prime mover then the air delivered from the compressor of the turbocharger can be delivered into the hull and the internal surface of the hull used as the aftercooler by arranging fans to circulate the air inside the main hull. The air intake port of the engine is then open to the interior of the hull.|Some typical figures will be quoted in the following description but these are to be considered as not limiting and are provided by way of example only.|Power transmission from prime mover to at least one propeller has to include means for a very large speed reduction that can typically be about 35 to one. Three alternatives can be incorporated in the invention.|A mechanical transmission is one embodiment. To incorporate an engine of known kind having a horizontal output shaft a bevel pinion is fixed to a clutch cooperating with that output shaft this pinion meshing with a crown wheel to form a first stage reduction gear of about 7 to 1 ratio. The crown wheel is fixed to a vertical shaft having another bevel pinion fixed to its bottom end and meshing with a very large crown wheel fixed to a horizontal propeller shaft. This forms a second stage reduction gear of about 5 to 1 ratio so that an engine operating at 2000 revolutions per minute can drive a propeller spinning at only about 57 revolutions per minute. The vertical shaft is contained within a skeg and the pod attaching to the skeg and in which the propeller shaft is coaxially mounted has to be about 0.3 of the tip diameter of the propeller in order to accommodate the very large crown wheel. A hydraulic transmission has the advantages of compactness but has an efficiency of only about 75 percent as compared to a mechanical efficiency of about 96 percent applicable to the previous case. Therefore this alternative is not adopted.|However an electric transmission can be provided that promises a satisfactory alternative. In this case in one embodiment a generator mounted on the output shaft of the prime mover supplies electric current to motors having pinions meshing with the spur gear fixed to the propeller shaft.|A preferred embodiment of the invention with electric transmission incorporates a tip driven propeller. Tip driven propellers are known that are operated by electric transmission and are said to be more efficient than those coupling with the propeller shaft. Indeed in such transmissions no propeller shaft or gears are incorporated. An alternator is coupled directly to the output shaft of the prime mover. The propeller has fully shrouded blades meaning that a short cylindrical ring is attached to all blade tips. This ring has a multiplicity of permanent magnets fixed to its outside surface and these cooperate with coils fixed to an enclosing ring that in turn is fixed to the bottom of the hull. These coils connect to the alternator to provide the equivalent of a reduction gear.|Very large propellers produce a considerable reaction torque. To cancel this any skeg that is attached to the hull and a propeller pod is positioned behind the propeller and has a hydrofoil section so that it acts as a stator to remove vortex motion of the seawater. Near the propeller hub the speed of the vortex is much higher than at greater radius and so the skeg is preferably constructed with a high camber close to the hub. Indeed the skeg is formed into a converter of voracity to pressure rise as in the stators of axial air compressors. To further this end a skeg extension is provided which extends from the underside of the pod to a slightly lower level than is reached by the propeller in order to provide adequate removal of the vortex and this also will be cambered at least close to the pod which is a streamline shape cooperating with the propeller hub. A pair of horizontally oriented vanes can optionally be incorporated extending laterally from the pod though not extending to as great a radius as the propeller blade tips.|In a preferred embodiment that can be provided when one or other odd number of propellers are incorporated the uppingvane cable is passed through the skeg that is fixed to the centreline of the hull the pod and skeg extension. A curved cable guide is provided extending from the rear and bottom open end of the skeg in order to prevent an excessively small radius of curvature of the cable from developing. The cable is confined within a separate cable compartment or tube within the skeg to prevent seawater reaching any reduction gears. A small low pressure air compressor can be provided to pressurise the hull so that the water level is maintained within the cable compartment and prevented from entering the main hull. This internal pressurisation also minimises compressive stresses in the main hull and so permits the use of thinner steel plate than would be required without internal pressurisation. Alternatively the winding drum can be located well above sea level in the conning tower.|If the fuel tank is to be refilled as part of the engine servicing routine that normally takes place about every 500 hours then for continuous operation this means every 21 days. This quantity of fuel can be greater than the entire weight of material from which the tug alone is constructed. For the minimum buoyancy principle on which the tug design is based the removal of so much fuel would have the undesirable consequence of causing the main hull to become excessively buoyant. To prevent this alternative compensation measures are provided in the invention and both require an increase in length of the main hull. One provides sets of flexible water bags inside the large fuel tanks that have their external surfaces in contact with the fuel oil and when the tanks a full these bags flatten so that little space is occupied. The bags have pipes attached that are open to a bag at one end and to the sea at the other. Then as fuel is used the bags inflate with seawater to eliminate the increase of buoyancy that would otherwise take place. The other alternative requires an even greater increase in hull length.|Extra tanks are provided that are empty when the fuel tank is full but fill with seawater as fuel is used.|When the prime mover is an internal combustion engine a major cost is that of the fuel oil. This can be minimised in one embodiment of the invention by cultivating a small amount of floating seaweed for conversion to natural gas that is substituted for fuel oil. For this purpose an anaerobic digester is provided that is just sufficient for operation of the engine. This digester is formed as an extra section of streamline shape and added in front of the main hull. Digestion requires operation at about 35 degrees Celsius and so the waste heat from the engine is utilised for maintaining the required temperature. For example the cooling jackets of the engine are provided with pipes that pass through the digester and the exhaust pipe from the engine can be passed through it as well if this is required.|The invention can also be used as a tug boat for purposes other than ocean cultivation. Outside of the growing season this roll could be a useful application. In this case a towing cable is best attached to an eyelet provided at the rear end of the pod housing the propeller so as to minimise the difference between the line of thrust and the line of drag.|When the invention is applied for the cultivation of a floating seaweed crop that is used to produce natural gas by anaerobic digestion it is desirable to recycle to the sea the nutrients that are recovered as a solution in the water delivered from the digestive process. The quantity will be about 90 percent of the weight of wet weed harvested. The invention then provides recycle bags to contain this fertiliser so that it can be uniformly distributed. In one embodiment a second winding drum and cable is provided preferably located in the conning tower in order to tow a recycle bag. Instead of being rigid any recycle bag is made of canvas or rubber or strong flexible plastic so it collapses as it is emptied. The recycle bag needs to have about twice the internal volume needed to provide the buoyancy required for countering the downward force of the uppingvane. With such a volume refilling from a tanker needs to take place about every hour. The drag of such a recycle bag is very small compared with that of the uppingvane and so both the diameter of this cable and the winding drum to which it is attached can be much smaller than those concerning the uppingvane. In order to counter wave effects one embodiment of the invention has a gear pump/motor and a high and a low pressure accumulator of the kind already described with reference to the uppingvane. A simpler means is a heavy weight attached to about the centre point of the cable. The cable needs a curved guide situated above it to prevent an excessive radius of curvature the curved guide being fitted with a clamp that grips the cable and with a streamlined weight hanging below. Vertical motion of the weight allows constant variation of separating distance between hull and recycling container to be accommodated. A further alternative has a coiled spring attached in series with the cable. In the latter two cases no winding drum need be provided.|A spray nozzle is attached one at each side of the hull and a pump is provided for deployment of these recycled nutrients. Operation involves each cultivating unit comprising tug uppingvane and recycle bag making repeated traverses over a selected area of sea or travelling in a spiral path so that re -fertilisation of the entire area occurs about once every two weeks. In this way an adequately uniform distribution of nutrients is achieved that are greatly depleted by the time the next supply of nutrients is delivered.|A commercial marine farm having floating seaweed as a main crop will comprise a multiplicity of cultivating units of the kind already described together with several carriers. The latter will transport recycling nutrients for delivery to each cultivating ship in turn and then return to port after filling its hold with weed for delivery to the digester. As will be shown later each cultivating unit of the minimum viable size will cultivate about 46 square kilometres of sea so that each will have an average separating distance of about 7.6 kilometres. This distance is scaled up in direct proportion to any scale up of the cultivating ship. If a gas or diesel engine is the prime mover maintenance is carried out about every twenty days and so a servicing crew together with servicing boat is also required to complete a commercially viable open sea marine farm whose main product is natural gas with fish and net carbon sequestration as by products.|In order to provide the technical background needed for evaluation and since the theoretical basis has not been published elsewhere the theoretical basis of the uppingvane will now be presented.|Showing energy amplification by an uppingvane is potentially very high. An uppingvane is a hydrofoil and like a wing produces a vortex pair confined in a volume of fluid that moves bodily in a plume quite separate from the surrounding fluid. The plume has a cross section known as a Rankine Oval. Very little friction drag and mixing with surrounding fluid are involved since the vortices act like a pair of roller bearings with motion at the edges differing little from the relative motion of the surrounding fluid. Spreading due to mixing is very small and a size increase of 1% of distance travelled at all edges of the oval is a reasonable assumption based on observation. There will be an induced drag due to providing the upward impulse to the plume and a profile drag due to fluid friction of the uppingvane. Since the following equation has not appeared yet in the literature a derivation is provided in the following.|The cross-sectional area, of this 'Rankine Oval', is A R°, with b as the span of the uppingvane and with S as its plan area. The horizontal axis of the oval is near enough 1.25 times the vertical axis though this is not important for the present study. Then:|ARO = 0.75 b 2 (From experimental data based on aspect ratio = 6) L 1 1 And the mass m o of seawater thrown up per second when the hydrofoil is propelled at horizontal speed u then becomes:|m o = p A Ro u =0.75b 2 pu [2] |Now the oval is deflected from the horizontal by angle 0 but still has the same relative speed u to the hydrofoil, friction ignored. Therefore, relative to surroundings when the at vertical component of velocity is v o the oval will have a forward speed vp that produces induced drag such that:|v o /u=sin0 & v D /u= 1-cog9: so v D /u=1- 1 11-sin 2 0|Hence: / u = (v o /u) 2|[3] |From conservation of momentum the induced drag D, = m o xvp and so from [2] & [3] the drag becomes:|D i = 0.75b 2 pu 2 1 - 1 - (V o /U) [4] |A 'profile drag' due to fluid friction has to be added but this cannot be assessed until the plan area S of the hydrofoil is known. Then with a lift coefficient C L the lift L becomes by convention:|L=C L Spu 2 [5] |This lift, pointing vertically downward in this case, is produced by the rate of change of momentum in the vertical direction of the Rankine oval and from [2] this is:|L = m o v =0.75b 2 pu 2 v iu Equating [5] and [6] yields the required plan area as:|0.75b 2 v|- 0 C L /2 u Then since the profile drag D F by convention with drag coefficient C DF is:|[6] |[7] |D F =C DF iS PU 2 So combining with [7] becomes:|DF = 0.75b2 pu t C DF V o|[8] |C L u Then the total drag D being the sum D = D, + D F using [4] & [8] becomes:|1- 1 - I ) + CDF V O|11 \U i C L U|D = 0.7 5b 2 p u 2|[9] |What is needed, however, is the ratio of ideal power consumed, Du, to the mass of oval m o that is lifted. Hence from [2] & [9] :|11 2-' V|1- 1 -( + CDF VO|\U i C L U|Du 2|m o|But only vo is known and vo/u can be specified and so the above needs to be given as a non - dimensional form of power coefficient W as:|- (v o /u) 2|[10] |Du w = 2 m 0 v 0|+ CDFICL|(v o /0 2|v o /u u is horizontal speed of uppingvane m/s W = Du where W is towing power in watts and D the drag in Newtons with:|W is a non -dimensional towing power coefficient. v o is the vertically upward velocity imparted to the plume m/s C L is the lift coefficient (infinite aspect ratio and 0.8 to 1.2 are suitable) C DF is the profile drag coefficient (infinite aspect ratio and 0.01 to 0.02 with above) mo is the mass flow in the plume in kg/s and mo = PAR() u where the cross sectional area of the Rankine oval ARO = 0.75b 2 where:|b = span of the uppingvane in metres. The value 0.75 matches experimental data on NACA|aerofoils with C L = 1.2. This means that the Rankine oval is equivalent to a circular cross section of diameter d R = 0.977 b From [2] and [10] drag D can be alternatively expressed as:|0)|D =147 p A R0 V 0 2 where A R0 = 0.75b 2|Drag hardly changes over a wide range of hull speed u. Indeed for 0=1.2 and C DF = 0.02 the value of non dimensional power W changes surprisingly little as shown below:|v o /u|0.1|0.2|0.3|0.4|0.5|0.6|0.7|Wr o|0.6679|0.5884|0.5673|0.5634|0.5692|0.5833|0.6072|And then with Eb io as the energy equivalent of the biomass produced based on the lower calorific value LCV of dry seaweed it is readily shown that since the rate of P supply with P Q|as P concentration in seawater will be A R0 u P Q and with P im p being the proportion of P by weight of dry biomass and using [11] the energy amplification ratio Eb, o /W is readily shown to be:|LCV (13Q I PB10) LCV = 15,800 J/g for fully dried algae [12] |W f, pv 0 2 With phosphorous concentration in the sea P Q =0.04 g/m 3 (at 60 m depth) Concentration in dry biomass P im p = 0.0087 gP/g biomass. [Based on the Redfield formula for Marine Phytoplankton i.e. (CH20)105 (NH3)16(H3P O 4)1 And density of seawater at depth 1028 kg/m 3 only v o remains to be decided. A value of v = 0.2 m/s at the surface is suitable and is assumed throughout my evaluation but owing to increase of the equivalent diameter d R of the Rankine oval as it rises from depth due to accretion of surrounding fluid and to overcome negative buoyancy the vertical speed vo at the origin point at depth will be greater than v. The increase of size due to mixing has to|E bio conserve momentum. A simple and accurate method of evaluation takes the arithmetic mean of two approximations to be called 'rise and mix' and 'mix and rise'. The following provides a worked example assuming a static head h a) = 0.01 m as representing the negative buoyancy to be overcome based on available data (the dashed line given in FIG. E4 for a depth of 60 m where the P Q =.0403 g/m 3 in Patent Application Number: GB1208480.2 dated 15/05/2012 ) We take as example a span b = 12 m so that with suffix o for 'origin' the equivalent diameter of the Rankine oval is d Ro = 0.977x12 = 11.72 m. The plume of this diameter at origin depth grows by 0.02x50 m = 1.0 m to become:|d R = 12.72 m so d R / dRo = 1.085 For example if the plume rises first without mixing the speed due to negative buoyancy will fall from v o to say 12,, given by v, 2 = v 0 2 - 2gh. Then the plume increases in mass in ratio:|(d R / d R o ) 2 due to mixing and so the speed at the surface reduces to v = v Y (d R o / d R ) 2. So after substituting for v Y and rearranging we obtain:|`rise and mix' giving: V OA = V(cl R I d Ro ) 4 v 2 + 2g h so = 0.5016 m/s|[13] |`mix and rise' gives: voB = (dR idRo )2Vv 2 + 2g h so = 0.5721 m/s|[14] |The average is: vo = 0.5368 m/s If now we choose v o /u = 0.5 then the towing speed becomes 1.074 m/s or 3.86 km/h If however we choose a design speed of 2 m/s or 7.2 km/h then iteration yields:|vo/u = 0.2752: vo = 0.5506 and from [10] W,, becomes 0.5704 The effective diameter of the Rankine oval becomes 11.72 m giving AR0 = 107.9 m 2 Then equation[11] gives the drag D as 19,193 N and at u=2 m/s towing power = 38.4 kW. The energy amplification ratio obtained from [12] and for v o /u = 0.5506 becomes:|Eb, o /W = 411.8 Multiplied by the towing power yields an energy output in biomass as 15.82 MW|Some figures provided from a detailed computer analysis now follow for this case.|0) O|(1) (2)|( 3 )|(4)|(5) (6)|( 7 )|( 8 )|( 9 )|(10)|Q m 3 /s|M N( ) dry g/s|EBIO|MW|WT|kW|EBIO|W T|Lift kN|Drag + Hull N|S Up'n m 2|C m Up'n|Prop D t m|216.1|1001|15.82|42.2|122.3|40.5|4.13|3.01|Column (1) is the volume flow from the uppingvane and (2) the resulting total biomass production if fully dried. The harvested weight would be 10 times as high. Column (4) is the ideal power needed inclusive of streamline towing cable and three times hull drag to allow for towing a recycle bag. This total drag is only 1.099 times the uppingvane drag. The plan area S of the uppingvane is given in column (8) and its average chord given in colunm (9). The propeller tip diameter is given in column (10) based on a jet propulsion efficiency of 75% and a blading efficiency of 80% resulting in an overall propulsion efficiency of 60%. Then a mechanical efficiency for the reduction gears is taken as 96% so that the engine power requirement becomes 73.3 kW. Then with a thermal efficiency assumed as 35% the energy input to the engine as fuel becomes 209.4 kW.|With full recycle of nutrients and half the biomass production represented by phytoplankton the figure in column (3) represents the energy equivalent of the seaweed harvest with the same value producing phytoplankton from which about 2% will convert to fish with the result of carbon sequestration. However the conversion efficiecy of seaweed to natural gas from chemical analysis is 76% so dropping the output as natural gas on an LCV|basis to 12.0 MW|So the net output as natural gas becomes 57 times the energy needed for cultivation.|More energy would be consumed by transport and weed harvesting. But even if the resulting gain ratio then reduced to as low a value as 20 the return on energy investment would be considerable since only 5% of the energy yield needs to be used by the marine farm. The area of sea cultivated would be about 46 square kilometres with a separating distance of only 19 metres between traverses for this case with seaweed harvested and with re fertilisation every 14 days. The coresponding separating distance between the cultivating units described in this invention is then 7.6 kilometres.|These figures suggest the invention should be very commercially viable.|When anaerobic digestion is provided a residence time for the wet seaweed of about 25 days is needed. Then for application to the example given in the previous table a wet seaweed input of 10 times the dry value is needed and becomes 10.01kg/s or 21,620 tonnes in 25 days. This figure is also about the volume in cubic metres of the digester needed to convert the entire crop into natuural gas. However, the engine requires only 1/75 th of this and so the volume required is reduced to 286 m 3.|Economic evaluation based on CO 2 sequestration trading credits 1 Euro = £0.8374 so 9 Euros/tonne of CO 2 =£7.537/te At this stage only the target capital costs that would allow profitable operation are estimated.|A 12 m span uppingvane towed at 2 m/s will produce an average fully dried biomass yield of 1001 g/s at 100% utilisation falling to 900 g/s at an achievable utilisation of 90% There are 0.358 kg carbon/kg dry biomass so carbon sequestered = 0.322.2 kg/s But CO 2 is 44/12 times weight of carbon so CO 2 sequestered = 1.181 kg/s Over the 7 month season this becomes: 1.181x3600x24x365x7/12/1000 = 21,726 to @ £7.537/te the annual credit due is: £163,746. This figure is applicable to the case where no seaweed is produced or the case when the biomass produced as seaweed equals that of the phytoplankton but with all nutrients from anaerobic digestion recycled to the sea|To determine the ratio of capital to annual costs the published experience of Vestos V 80 offshore turbine of 2 MW rated power will be utilised. This is reasonable since similar maintenance and interest costs can be expected.|In 2004-2005 the cost of this 2 MW offshore wind turbine was £2.4 million and @ 10% interest requires £6.11 million paid over 20 years meaning £306,000/year. To this is added £75,000 maintenance.|So the total annual cost is £381,000 for offshore 2 MW turbines. There are no wages for offshore turbines or the upwelling units.|The ratio of capital to annual total cost is therefore £2,400,000/381,000 = 6.3|Therefore assuming this ratio to apply and if a 30% profit margin is allowed then ignoring fuel cost (only allowable if natural gas produced on site is used as fuel) money reinvested for capital and maintenance from carbon credits becomes £163,746x0.7 = £114,622. Then based on the above ratio of 6.3 the acceptable capital cost of the tug plus uppingvane becomes: £114,622x6.3 = £722,120. And this is for carbon credits alone without any fishing levy that ought to be due since the scheme will more than double the fish stocks that do the carbon sequestration (and marine biologists say many species are threatened by over fishing).|However, if no natural gas is made available as in the case where no seaweed is grown a fossil fuel such as diesel oil has to be used.|An engine is required providing 74 kW at about 60% of full load in order to obtain long life and most economical operation so the rated power will be 123 kW (165 hp) Assuming a thermal efficiency of 35 % and continuous operation for a 7 month growing season at utilisation of 90% requires 122,900 litres of diesel oil. The fuel price will be assumed equal to that of domestic heating oil at £0.6/litre.|Then the annual fuel cost becomes:|£73,740|This is a large fraction of the £114,622 allowable from carbon credits leaving:|£40,882|This makes the allowable capital cost per tug and uppingvane £40,882x6.3 =|£257,560|Whilst these figures have to be regarded as provisional the analysis does indicate that the major cost will be fuel oil for this application of the invention.|If half is harvested as floating weed with full nutrient recycle after anaerobic digestion to provide natural gas as another product then output as biomass in seaweed is equal to the value already given since the cultivated area is doubled to Asea = 46 km 2 per uppingvane. The average natural gas output per unit at 90% utilisation starts from the energy equivalent value of 15.82 MW given in the previous table. Then at 90% utilisation this reduces to 14.24 MW. With conversion efficiency to natural gas of 76% the gross output is 10.82 MW. Then with 5% returned for driving the farm machinery the available average power = 10.28 MW. This converts for the growing season to 52.5 GWh If cost is 0.1 retail value of 4.0 p/kWh then £0.004/kWh = £4000/GWh can be allocated to cover operational cost.|This results in providing the annual allowance per unit of 52.5x£4,000 = £210,000 Then using the same factor of 6.3 the permissible capital cost becomes £1,323,000 Adding carbon credits gives a total allowable capital cost of £1,486,700 For each tug and uppingvane unit driven by part of the natural gas produced.|The cost of operation of carriers and weed harvesters has not yet been evaluated but would probably still not more than treble total costs of operation. This would raise the cost from 10% of gas retail value to 30% of retail value.|A careful design study based on the use of mild steel has shown the total empty weight of the tug and 12 metre span uppingvane would be:|190 hp diesel engine operating at 65% of rated power (73 kW) 807 kg Shafts and spur gear 170 kg Two blade propeller with main spar of 0.9%C steel stressed at 20,000 psi 1680 kg Skeg: 450 kg: pod 320 kg: Skeg + Pod: 770 kg Cable in 0.9% C steel stress 30,000 psi 80 m long 385 kg Cable drum and accessories 400 kg Main hull 6mm (1/4") plate 2190 kg: conning tower 1060 kg: Hull: 3520 kg Rudder 100 kg Total displacement 7830 kg|Uppingvane span 12 m: plan as half disc: lift force 84140 N: main spar 10 te skin plus frames and towing strut 10 m long 5 te Total empty weight of tug and uppingvane is: 23 tonnes. (If reinforced concrete is the constructional material of the uppingvane then its weight will be 17 tonnes to achieve neutral buoyancy)|So allowable capital cost per tonne for viability on carbon credits alone with operation on fuel oil and with no seaweed crop is: £257,560/23 te|Yielding an acceptable specific capital cost per tonne of: £11,200/tonne. This figure should not be too difficult to attain.|And with natural gas as major product becomes £1,486,700/23 = £64,640/tonne. Unit costs per tonne should be far less than this making marine farming for natural gas from seaweed appear to be a very commercially attractive proposition.|Cultivation of a square of the North Sea of side 500 km with 23 km 2 cultivated per 12 metre span uppingvane would require 11,000 tug/uppingvane units without a seaweed crop and about half that number with a seaweed crop and full nutrient recycle.|Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described by example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:|Figure 1 shows a side sectional elevation of a tug boat towing an uppingvane on a cable Figure 2 shows a cross section of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 Figure 3 shows a plan view of an uppingvane of delta shape plan form. Figure 4 shows a plan view of an uppingvane of half ellipse plan form. Figure 5 shows a plan view of an uppingvane of rectangular shape.|Referring to Fig.1 showing a side sectional elevation of the invention to the scale shown above Fig.1 the main hull 1 is shown that is designed to operate submerged with its centreline at a depth of two metres. To withstand the pressure using a cheap constructional method the cross section is made octagonal as shown in Fig.2. Using mild steel plate of 6mm thickness no frames are provided. To provide minimum buoyancy for mitigating the effect of strong waves a conning tower 2 of streamline plan form and only one metre beam attaches to the main hull and emerges 1.5 metres above sea level marked S. L. The combination constitutes the hull and is fully enclosed with hatches provided to allow access by a maintenance crew. This embodiment of the invention is arranged to operate as a remote controlled robot though room is available for a small crew if one was required for some purpose. A diesel engine of 190 rated horse power is shown at 3 having an air inlet pipe 4 and exhaust pipe 5 emerging well above sea level. A fuel tank 6 is provided of 0.5 cubic metres volume that has to be refilled daily. If operation is required for 21 days to coincide with engine servicing then tanks totalling 10 m 3 would be required. This would require the main hull to be increased about 3.4 metres in length and to eliminate buoyancy increase as fuel is consumed bags inside the tanks need to be progressively filled with seawater.|The output shaft of the engine connects through a clutch that is not shown to drive a pinion. This is a bevel pinion meshing with crown wheel as shown at 7 with the crown wheel fixed to the vertical shaft 8. The combination forms a 7:1 reduction gear. Attached to vertical shaft 8 at its bottom end is another pinion meshing with a very large crown wheel 9 to provide a further reduction gear of ratio 5.1 so that an overall reduction from the engine of 35:1 is provided to drive a horizontal propeller shaft. This enables the propeller 10 that is fixed to the same propeller shaft to operate at its design speed of only 57 revolutions per minute with the engine operating at 2,000 revolutions per minute.|The propeller has two blades 11 the tips of which are attached to shrouds 12. These shrouds have the same chord as the blade tips and are bent to a circular arc centred on the axis of rotation. The shrouds extend in the direction of the axis of rotation for an appropriate distance both in the forward and rearward direction. The purpose of these shrouds is to minimise the flow over the blade tips that reduces thrust and leads to wasteful strong tip vorticies. The blades are shown with considerable chord near the root section in order to produce uniform torque over the entire blade length. Without some way of countering the propeller torque the hull would tend to be rolled about its longitudinal axis. To prevent this a skeg 13 is provided of streamline cross section and has a camber at least near the propeller blade root position in order to act as a stator to remove some of the vortex motion and produce a pressure rise by converting the kinetic energy associated with that vortex motion to a pressure gain. The skeg also provides the structural member needed to support the streamline shaped pod 14 that contains the propeller shaft and gears 9. To provide further cancellation of the vortex caused by the propeller a skeg extension 15 is provided attached to the pod 14 at its underside and reaching a depth slightly greater than to which the blade tips reach. Further guidance of flow can optionally by provided by short horizontally oriented vanes 16 that are not shown except in Fig. 2.|An uppingvane 17 is shown in section at its centreline and consists of a hydrofoil operated with its leading edge at a lower level than the trailing edge in order to deflect a plume of seawater toward the surface of the sea. An uppingvane cable drum 18 is provided located in the main hull 1. It could be alternatively located in the conning tower 2. The uppingvane cable drum has cable 19 wrapped around it and extending through a tube in skeg 13 and skeg extension15 the tube having curved cable guide 20 attached to prevent excessive bending of the cable. The cable 19 ends in an eyelet attaching through a clamp 21 to a delta bar 22. This consists of a bar of streamlined cross section bent near the middle and attached to the upper surface of the uppingvane to form a triangle.|The cable drum 18 is mounted on a shaft having a horizontal axis and on which a spur gear 23 is also fixed. This spur gear cooperates with a pinion connecting to a gear pump/motor 24. Two accumulators 25 and 26 are provided one of which operates at or near atmospheric pressure to be called a source with the other having a very high pressure and one port of the gear pump/motor connects to the bottom of one accumulator and the other port to the bottom of the other accumulator so that the force on the cable is balanced by the pressure on the teeth of the spur gear 23. Another gear pump 27 is driven from the engine via any kind of transmission inclusive of a clutch or switch in order to fill the high pressure accumulator from a store or the low pressure accumulator in order to provide the correct pressure and a stop valve 28 is provided as an optional extra.|A rudder 29 is provided for steering and is preferably operated by hydraulic remote controlled actuators that obey signals from an on board computer that in turn is provided by latitudes and longitudes from orbiting satellites. In this way the tug is made able to fertilize a specified area of the sea with the required degree of uniformity and operated robotically so that no crew is required. A mast needed for navigation lights and radio antenna is not shown. When the marine farm includes the recycle of nutrients recovered from conversion of seaweeds to fuels then recycle bags are required. In Fig.1 a towing cable 30 is provided for a flexible bag type of container. Any kind of towing method having the flexibility needed to accommodate the strongest waves that can be expected can be provided. In Fig.1 a scaled down replica of that used for the uppingvane is illustrated with the cable deployed from towing cable drum 31.|Referring now to Fig. 2 a cross section of the invention is shown taken through the engine 3 looking from the direction of bow to stern. The octagonal shape of the main hull 1 is shown together with the narrow cross section of conning tower 2 with combination of 1 and 2 constituting the hull. This profile illustrates the principle of minimum buoyancy on which the hull is based with small plan area penetrating the surface of the sea. This arrangement minimises the response to large sea waves. What is also clearly illustrated is the very large area of the actuating disc that propeller 11 traces out as it revolves. The area of the actuating disc is that enclosed by the chain dashed circle and pod 14 the diameter of the pod being the same as that of the hub of the propeller. What is novel here is the area of the actuating disc exceeding that needed to provide the buoyancy needed to counter the force on the cable 19 and the weight of the hull and its contents. Propeller 11 has a shroud 12 fixed to each blade tip to minimise flow over those tips and so improve the total propeller thrust. The pod 14 is supported by and fixed to skeg 13 which is in turn fixed to the bottom of main hull 1. There is a skeg extension 15 fixed to the bottom of pod 14. Extra horizontal stator vanes 16 are also provided but do not extend to a distance as great as the radius of the propeller tips. Together with skeg and skeg extension a stator is provided able to substantially remove vortex flow caused by the propeller 11 thereby cancelling most of the torque reaction produced as a result of driving the propeller. A curved cable guide 20 is fixed to the bottom of the skeg extension 15. Cable 19 is passed through both skeg and skeg extension being wrapped round winding drum 18 at its upper end and attached to the delta bar 22 that is fixed to uppingvane 17. A|towing cable drum 31 is also shown but is not required unless the recycling of nutrients from processed floating seaweeds is incorporated.|Referring to figs 3, 4 and 5 a range of plan views of possible uppingvane embodiments are shown. All have the same span of 12 metres and the same plan area as required for towing at a speed of 2 metres per second in order to send a plume of seawater from a depth of 60 metres to the surface of the sea to start spreading in both transverse directions at 0.2 metres per second. Fig.3 shows a triangular shape also known as a delta plan form. Fig.4 shows a bisected elliptical plan form that is close to a bisected disc and is the presently preferred embodiment of the invention. Fig.5 shows a rectangular plan form. Flows over the outer tips would add extra drag and to minimise the strength of vortex cores two sets of hydrofoils 32 of short span and chord are provided. These turn the flows going over the tips toward a direction opposite motion to minimise drag by utilising the kinetic energy that would otherwise be wasted to create excessively rapidly rotating vortex cores. This feature is however covered in detail in a previous patent specification number:|GB2468903 dated 26/3/2009.|This feature could also be applied to the plan forms illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. In each case a bending moment caused by the force on the uppingvane cable needs to be resisted and a main spar of preferably high carbon steel can be provided. The uppingvane need not be constructed entirely of metal and can even be made with very little metal. It can be constructed of reinforced concrete with most of the reinforcement close to the upper surface which is in tension. It preferably contains adequate voids in order to ensure it has small positive buoyancy. Alternatively an uppingvane can have a strong plastic skin the interior filled with structural foam. Some concrete ballast can optionally be included to counter any excessive buoyancy. | Family Number|(18760173)|18760173|Abstract|(GB2497611 B)|A motor driven tug boat tows an inverted hydrofoil 17 at a depth of 60 metres in the North Sea to bring up nutrient rich seawater to the photic zone at the surface. The hydrofoil is towed by means of a cable 19 that may be deployed from a winding drum 18. Phytoplankton proliferate at the surface boosting fish stocks and cultivating floating varieties of seaweed that reproduce by vegetative means. When converted to fuels like natural gas only about 5% of the extracted energy needs to be re-invested for operating the system. The result is to provide a source of sustainable alternative energy that also reduces acidification of the ocean and provides a means for sucking carbon dioxide back from the air.|Title|(GB2497611 B)|Motor powered upwelling apparatus for ocean cultivation to generate food and fuel with carbon sequestration|(GB2497611 A)|Motor powered upwelling apparatus for ocean cultivation to generate food and fuel with carbon sequestration|(GB201210097 D0)|Motor powered upwelling apparatus for ocean cultivation to generate food and fuel with carbon sequestration| | Other special machines|Transport | A01G-033/00|B63B-021/66|B63B-035/00|B63B-035/66|B63B-2001/044|B63H-2005/005|B63H-2005/075|Y02A-040/80|Y02P-060/20 | A01G-033/00|B63B-021/66|B63B-035/00|B63B-035/66|B63B-2001/044|B63H-2005/005|B63H-2005/075|Y02A-040/80|Y02P-060/20 | A01G-033/00|B63B-021/66|B63B-038/00 | A01G-033/00|B63B-021/66|B63B-038/00 | CN117922756|CN112314124|GB2507075 | CN117922756 109591394 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN112314124 92610647 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|GB2507075 18787742 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | GB2365824|US5000110|GB2244249|US3005438 | GB2365824 1257813 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5000110 42685294 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|GB2244249 12695369 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US3005438 41695971 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | GB2365824; GB2244249; US5000110; US3005438 | LAPSED | (GB2497611)|LAPSED | DEAD | (GB2497611)|DEAD | (GB2497611)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR GB2497611|Actual or expected expiration date=2018-06-08|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2012-06-08|Event code=GB/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=GB GB201210097|Application date=2012-06-08|Standardized application number=2012GB-0010097|Event publication date=2012-07-25|Event code=GB/D0|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent application filed|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB201210097|Publication stage code=D0|Publication date=2012-07-25|Standardized publication number=GB201210097|Event publication date=2013-06-19|Event code=GB/A|Event group=Examination events|Published Application|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB2497611|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2013-06-19|Standardized publication number=GB2497611|Event publication date=2014-05-14|Event code=GB/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patent specification|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB2497611|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2014-05-14|Standardized publication number=GB2497611|Event publication date=2019-02-27|Event code=GB/PCNP|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee|Effective date of the event=2018-06-08 | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=Pj1wuD6+3L0rqxuqtGHufBSD15Cy+Wd/66kX6Irr/skRMo5gnoYOkXSTXCpblr3YUtJZQSfwUD0=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=GB2497611&ekey=920&xpn=GB2497611&kind=B | http://www.ipo.gov.uk/p-ipsum/Case/PublicationNumber/GB2497611 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=w0J7%252FD1LGKMuw56Xk6cpNXfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | GB | (GB2497611)|NAME=RONALD DENZIL PEARSON|(GB2497611)|NAME=RONALD DENZIL PEARSON | Titre: (GB2497611)|Motor powered upwelling apparatus for ocean cultivation to generate food and fuel with carbon sequestration Résumé: (GB2497611)|A motor driven tug boat tows an inverted hydrofoil 17 at a depth of 60 metres in the North Sea to bring up nutrient rich seawater to the photic zone at the surface. The hydrofoil is towed by means of a cable 19 that may be deployed from a winding drum 18. Phytoplankton proliferate at the surface boosting fish stocks and cultivating floating varieties of seaweed that reproduce by vegetative means. When converted to fuels like natural gas only about 5% of the extracted energy needs to be re-invested for operating the system. The result is to provide a source of sustainable alternative energy that also reduces acidification of the ocean and provides a means for sucking carbon dioxide back from the air. | 59.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses nutrient enrichment and carbon sequestration but focuses on food and fuel generation rather than primarily on stimulating phytoplankton for CO₂ uptake. | 4.0 | 3.0 | (GB2497611)|1 | (GB2497611)|16 | (GB2497611)|17|(GB2497611)|35| | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (GB2497611)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (GB2497611)|Number of Claims: NCL=17||(GB2497611)|Number of Claims: NCL=35||(GB201210097)|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2012-07-25| | (GB2497611)|Patent|(GB2497611)|Patent|(GB201210097)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 68 | CN201610408323|CN201710137942|CN201710426783|US15/568,596|WOCN2017/087530|JP2018564853|US17/329,808|CN202410523639 | HK18107125|WOCN2017/087530|JP2022099281|US17/329,808|IN201827048980|CA3025952|SG11201810876S|MYPI2018002336|AU2017276466|US15/568,596|IDPID201900027|EP17809751|JP2018564853|CN202411243836|CN202411242212|CN202410523639|CN202411242044|SG10202260157X|CN202111399878|CN201710426783|WOCN2017/082913 | JP7656155|CN119327229|CN119113719|CN119113720|CN118904027|SG10202260157X|CA3025952|US11648507|SG11201810876S|SG10202260157X|MY193676|JP2022128475|AU2017276466|CN113877368|IN382031|US20210275960|US11045758|ID2020/00683|EP3470131|JP2019524424|IN201827048980|EP3470131|SG11201810876S|AU2017276466|AU2017276466|HK1247586|HK1247586|US20180161719|CN107485968|CA3025952|WO2017/211147|WO2017/211312 | 78061405 | HK1247586 A1 2018-09-28 [HK1247586]|HK1247586 A 2018-09-28 [HK1247586]|WO2017/211312 A1 2017-12-14 [WO2017211312]|JP7656155 B2 2025-04-03 [JP7656155]|JP2022128475 A 2022-09-01 [JP2022128475]|US11648507 B2 2023-05-16 [US11648507]|US20210275960 A1 2021-09-09 [US20210275960]|IN382031 B 2021-11-17 [IN-382031]|IN201827048980 A 2019-07-26 [IN201827048980]|CA3025952 C 2024-03-26 [CA3025952]|CA3025952 A1 2017-12-14 [CA3025952]|SG11201810876S B 2023-02-28 [SG11201810876S]|SG11201810876S A 2019-01-30 [SG11201810876S]|MY193676 A 2022-10-25 [MY-193676]|AU2017276466 B2 2022-06-02 [AU2017276466]|AU2017276466 A2 2019-01-24 [AU2017276466]|AU2017276466 A1 2019-01-24 [AU2017276466]|US11045758 B2 2021-06-29 [US11045758]|US20180161719 A1 2018-06-14 [US20180161719]|ID2020/00683 A 2020-05-05 [ID202000683]|EP3470131 A4 2020-01-22 [EP3470131]|EP3470131 A1 2019-04-17 [EP3470131]|JP2019524424 A 2019-09-05 [JP2019524424]|CN119327229 A 2025-01-21 [CN119327229]|CN119113720 A 2024-12-13 [CN119113720]|CN119113719 A 2024-12-13 [CN119113719]|CN118904027 A 2024-11-08 [CN118904027]|SG10202260157X B 2024-08-30 [SG10202260157X]|SG10202260157X A 2023-01-30 [SG10202260157X]|CN113877368 A 2022-01-04 [CN113877368]|CN107485968 A 2017-12-19 [CN107485968]|WO2017/211147 A1 2017-12-14 [WO2017211147] | 2016-06-11|2017-03-09|2017-06-08|2021-05-25 | 2018-05-31|2017-06-08|2022-06-21|2021-05-25|2018-12-24|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-06-08|2017-05-03 | 2025-04-03|2025-01-21|2024-12-13|2024-12-13|2024-11-08|2024-08-30|2024-03-26|2023-05-16|2023-02-28|2023-01-30|2022-10-25|2022-09-01|2022-06-02|2022-01-04|2021-11-17|2021-09-09|2021-06-29|2020-05-05|2020-01-22|2019-09-05|2019-07-26|2019-04-17|2019-01-30|2019-01-24|2019-01-24|2018-09-28|2018-09-28|2018-06-14|2017-12-19|2017-12-14|2017-12-14|2017-12-14 | |(US11648507)|2023-05-16|(US11045758)|2021-06-29|||(JP7656155)|2025-04-03||||||||(SG10202260157X)|2024-08-30|(CA3025952)|2024-03-26|(SG11201810876S)|2023-02-28|(MY-193676)|2022-10-25|(AU2017276466)|2022-06-02|(IN-382031)|2021-11-17|| | (EP3470131)|2023-12-06|(US11648507)|2037-09-01|(US11045758)|2037-06-08|(WO2017/211312)|2019-12-11|(WO2017/211147)|2019-12-11|(JP7656155)|2037-06-08|(JP2019524424)|2022-05-21|(CN119327229)|2037-06-08|(CN119113720)|2037-06-08|(CN119113719)|2025-01-07|(CN118904027)|2037-06-08|(CN113877368)|2025-05-23|(CN107485968)|2024-11-15|(SG10202260157X)|2037-06-08|(CA3025952)|2037-06-08|(SG11201810876S)|2037-06-08|(MY193676)|2037-06-08|(AU2017276466)|2037-06-08|(IN382031)|2037-06-08|(ID2020/00683)|2025-05-05|(HK1247586)|2023-09-28 | (EP3470131)|Ocean carbon capture and storage method and device | (EP3470131)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO 2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change. | BLUE CARBON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY SHENZHEN|MARINE PROTECH|SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY|WUHAN JINGYUAN HAI ENERGY TECHNOLOGY|ZERO CARBON ENERGY | (EP3470131)|Peng, Sigan ([CN])|(EP3470131)|Peng, Sigan ([CN])|(US11648507)|ZERO CARBON ENERGY INNOVATION UNION INC ([US])|(US20210275960)|Zero Carbon Energy Innovation Union Inc ([US])|(US11045758)|Zero Carbon Energy Innovation Union Inc ([US])|(US20180161719)|PENG Sigan ([CN])|(WO2017/211312)|PENG, Sigan|(WO2017/211147)|PENG, Sigan|(JP7656155)|ZERO CARBON ENERGY LIMITED.|(JP2022128475)|PENG SIGAN|(JP2019524424)|PENG SIGAN|(CN119327229)|SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECH CO LTD ([CN])|(CN119113720)|SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECH CO LTD ([CN])|(CN119113719)|SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECH CO LTD ([CN])|(CN118904027)|SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECH CO LTD ([CN])|(CN113877368)|SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. ([CN])|(CN107485968)|PENG SIGAN ([CN])|(SG10202260157X)|PENG Sigan ([CN])|(SG10202260157X)|PENG Sigan ([CN])|(CA3025952)|PENG, SIGAN ([CN])|(CA3025952)|PENG, SIGAN ([CN])|(SG11201810876S)|PENG Sigan|(SG11201810876S)|PENG, Sigan ([CN])|(MY193676)|PENG, SIGAN|(AU2017276466)|Peng Sigan|(AU2017276466)|Peng Sigan|(AU2017276466)|Peng Sigan|(IN382031)|Peng Sigan|(IN201827048980)|PENG SIGAN|(ID2020/00683)|MARINE PROTECH LIMITED ([GB])|(HK1247586)|Sigan Peng|(HK1247586)|Sigan Peng | PENG SIGAN | (EP3470131)|Peng, Sigan|(EP3470131)|Peng, Sigan | (EP3470131)|Winter, Brandl, Fürniss, Hübner, Röss, Kaiser, Polte - Partnerschaft mbB;Patent- und Rechtsanwaltskanzlei ([DE])|Reg. Nb: 100059963|(US11648507)|Hauptman Ham, LLP|(US11045758)|Hauptman Ham, LLP|(JP7656155)|UENO, Hideki|Reg. Nb: 100158920|(JP2019524424)|UENO, Hideki|Reg. Nb: 100158920|(SG10202260157X)|VIERING JENTSCHURA & PARTNER LLP|Reg. Nb: T06LL1666B|L&C IP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD|Reg. Nb: 201719712K|(CA3025952)|OYEN WIGGS GREEN & MUTALA LLP ([CA])|(SG11201810876S)|VIERING JENTSCHURA & PARTNER LLP|(AU2017276466)|Griffith Hack ([AU])|(ID2020/00683)|Achmad Fatchy SH | (EP3470131)|Such packings provide the best effect of carbon capture through seawater scrubbing.|There are especially important benefits if carbon capture and storage of the present invention is used for the air in its natural condition.|This is a better way to control the pH value of discharged seawater and the energy consumption is the lowest.|However, all of the existing CCS arts are costly geological storage policies, which are far from the actual application from the economical and affordable aspects.|However, the tests were banned finally though all preparations for funds and materials (including 60t of liquid carbon dioxide) were made, because environmental protection agency pointed out that injection of CO2 in form of liquid, dense gas or solid into the ocean will lead to immediate death of marine, which seriously destroy the ecological environment of the injected area.| | (EP3470131)|1. A process of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising steps of: 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide of the gas is absorbed; and 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean to realize ocean storage.| | (EP3470131)|The present invention firstly provides a process of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising steps of: 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide of the gas is absorbed; and 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean to realize ocean storage.|The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change. The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), applicable to carbon dioxide capture and storage for coastal power plants, marine ships and other marine facilities burning fossil fuels and/or direct air capture (DAC).|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC).| | (US11648507)|STORAGE(100,35)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,13)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(100,1)|SEAWATER(96,99)|MARINE FACILITY(69,2)|SHIP NAVIGATION(68,9)|PUMPING SEAWATER(66,12)|CARBON SINK MARINE ECOSYSTEM(66,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(65,116)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(63,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(61,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(60,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER CARBONATE(60,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(57,7)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR(51,23)|CO2 INJECTION(50,1)|OCEAN STORAGE(49,8)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(47,6)|FOSSIL ENERGY(47,2)|SEA(46,42)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(46,6)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(46,2)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(45,5)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(41,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(39,10)|RESERVOIR(39,1)|SEA PLATFORM(38,4)|INJECTED AREA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(38,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(37,5)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(37,2)|BULK PACKING(35,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(35,3)|PACKING(34,17)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(34,3)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(34,3)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(34,2)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(33,7)|ELECTROMOTOR(33,6)|DISCHARGING PIPE(33,2)|REGULAR PACKING(32,3)|NATURAL CONDITION(31,1)|NEUTRALIZING(31,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(30,100)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(30,22)|DENSE GAS(29,2)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(26,3)|DISSOLVING CO2 GAS(26,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(25,1)|INJECTION AREA(25,1)|FLUE GAS(23,63)|FOSSIL FUEL(21,14)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(21,3)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(21,2)|OCEAN CURRENT(20,7)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(20,6)|CHIMNEY(20,3)|REGULATING WATER(20,3)|CARBON SINK(20,2)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(19,3)|SUNLIGHT(19,3)|WATER COLUMN(18,35)|GRILLE(18,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(17,8)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(17,5)|MASSIVE SCRUBBING SEAWATER(17,1)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(16,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(16,3)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(15,6)|TIDE(15,4)|MARPOL ANNEX(15,2)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(14,4)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,20)|CLIMATE CHANGE(13,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(13,4)|GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(13,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(13,2)|PH CONTROL(13,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(12,17)|POWER EQUIPMENT(12,13)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(12,4)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(12,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(12,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(11,5)|BURNER COOLING(11,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(11,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(11,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(11,1)|CCS ART(11,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(11,1)|OCEAN TANKER(11,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(11,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(11,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(11,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(11,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(11,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(11,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(11,1)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(10,2)|SEABED(9,4)|WORDING(9,4)|BICARBONATE ION(9,3)|CCS PROJECT(9,1)|CO2 DILUTION(9,1)|COASTAL PLANT(9,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(9,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(9,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(9,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(9,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBING(9,1)|PACKING SCRUBBING(9,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(9,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(9,1)|TINY IMPACT(9,1)|VENTURI TOWER(9,1)|WASHING TOWER(9,1)|AFTER SCRUBBING SEAWATER(8,11)|MIDDLE LAYER(8,7)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(8,3)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(8,2)|CO2 EMISSION(8,2)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(8,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(8,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(8,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(7,5)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(7,4)|FLOATING DOCK(7,3)|ABSORPTION TOWER(7,1)|BIG STUDY(7,1)|CAPTURED CO2(7,1)|CAPTURING CO2(7,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(7,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(7,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(7,1)|FUEL SULFUR(7,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(7,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(7,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(7,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(7,1)|PACKED TOWER(7,1)|RELEVANT LAW(7,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(7,1)|RUNNING SHIP(7,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(7,1)|SO2 EMISSION(7,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(7,1)|TRAY TOWER(7,1)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(6,4)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(6,4)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(6,2)|BOILER(6,2)|CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE(6,2)|DECREASING PH(6,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(6,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(6,1)|CARRYING OUT CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(6,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(6,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(6,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(6,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(6,1)|EXTRA CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(6,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(6,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(6,1)|LARGE WATER FLOW(6,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(6,1)|METER DEPTH(6,1)|MUFFLER(6,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(6,1)|SEA AREA(5,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(5,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(5,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)|CARBON CAPTURE EQUIPMENT(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SOLUBILITY(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORTATION(4,1)|CARBON REDUCTION WINDMILL(4,1)|CARBON SINK RESOURCE(4,1)||(US20210275960)|STORAGE(100,35)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,13)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(100,1)|SEAWATER(88,96)|METHANEDIONE(69,72)|MARINE FACILITY(69,2)|SHIP NAVIGATION(68,9)|PUMPING SEAWATER(66,12)|CARBON SINK MARINE ECOSYSTEM(66,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(63,116)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(63,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(61,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(60,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER CARBONATE(60,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(57,7)|CO2 INJECTION(50,1)|OCEAN STORAGE(49,8)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(47,6)|FOSSIL ENERGY(47,2)|SEA(46,42)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(46,6)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(46,2)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(45,5)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(41,2)|RESERVOIR(39,1)|SEA PLATFORM(38,4)|INJECTED AREA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(38,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(37,5)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(37,2)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE(36,3)|BULK PACKING(35,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(35,3)|PACKING(34,17)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(34,3)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(34,3)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(34,2)|ELECTROMOTOR(33,6)|DISCHARGING PIPE(33,2)|GAS METHANEDIONE(32,3)|REGULAR PACKING(32,3)|METHANEDIONE VOLUME(31,4)|NATURAL CONDITION(31,1)|NEUTRALIZING(31,1)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(30,22)|METHANEDIONE TON(29,5)|DENSE GAS(29,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(28,10)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(26,6)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(26,3)|DISSOLVING CO2 GAS(26,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(25,1)|INJECTION AREA(25,1)|FLUE GAS(23,63)|ACOASTAL POWER PLANT(23,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(21,14)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(21,3)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(21,2)|OCEAN CURRENT(20,7)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(20,6)|CHIMNEY(20,3)|REGULATING WATER(20,3)|CARBON SINK(20,2)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(19,3)|SUNLIGHT(19,3)|WATER COLUMN(18,35)|GRILLE(18,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(17,8)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(17,5)|MASSIVE SCRUBBING SEAWATER(17,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(16,3)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(15,6)|TIDE(15,4)|MARPOL ANNEX(15,2)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(14,4)|EXTRA METHANEDIONE ABSORPTION(14,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,20)|CLIMATE CHANGE(13,5)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(13,2)|PH CONTROL(13,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(12,17)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(12,4)|CONCENTRATION CAPTURED METHANEDIONE(12,1)|METHANEDIONE DISSOLUTION(12,1)|METHANEDIONE TRANSPORTATION(12,1)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(12,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(12,1)|BURNER COOLING(11,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(11,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(11,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(11,1)|CCS ART(11,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(11,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(11,1)|METHANEDIONE SOLUBILITY(11,1)|OCEAN TANKER(11,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(11,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(11,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(11,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(11,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(11,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(11,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(11,1)|BICARBONATE ION(10,3)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(10,2)|SEABED(9,4)|WORDING(9,4)|CCS PROJECT(9,1)|CO2 DILUTION(9,1)|COASTAL PLANT(9,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(9,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(9,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(9,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(9,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBING(9,1)|PACKING SCRUBBING(9,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(9,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(9,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(9,1)|TINY IMPACT(9,1)|VENTURI TOWER(9,1)|WASHING TOWER(9,1)|AFTER SCRUBBING SEAWATER(8,11)|MIDDLE LAYER(8,7)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(8,2)|CO2 EMISSION(8,2)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(8,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(8,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(8,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(7,5)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(7,4)|FLOATING DOCK(7,3)|ABSORPTION TOWER(7,1)|BIG STUDY(7,1)|CAPTURED CO2(7,1)|CAPTURING CO2(7,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(7,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(7,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(7,1)|FUEL SULFUR(7,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(7,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(7,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(7,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(7,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(7,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(7,1)|PACKED TOWER(7,1)|RELEVANT LAW(7,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(7,1)|RUNNING SHIP(7,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(7,1)|SO2 EMISSION(7,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(7,1)|TRAY TOWER(7,1)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(6,4)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(6,4)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(6,2)|BOILER(6,2)|DECREASING PH(6,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(6,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(6,1)|CARRYING OUT CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(6,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(6,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(6,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(6,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(6,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(6,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(6,1)|LARGE WATER FLOW(6,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(6,1)|METER DEPTH(6,1)|MUFFLER(6,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(6,1)|SEA AREA(5,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(5,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(5,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)|CARBON CAPTURE EQUIPMENT(4,1)||(US11045758)|STORAGE(100,34)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,12)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,6)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(100,1)|MARINE FACILITY(69,2)|CARBON SINK MARINE ECOSYSTEM(66,1)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(63,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(61,1)|SEAWATER(60,87)|METHANEDIONE(60,70)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(60,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER CARBONATE(60,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(57,7)|PUMPING SEAWATER(54,11)|SHIP NAVIGATION(54,8)|CARBON CAPTURE(50,106)|GAS METHANEDIONE(50,3)|CO2 INJECTION(50,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY(47,2)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(46,6)|METHANEDIONE VOLUME(46,5)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(46,2)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(45,5)|OCEAN STORAGE(41,7)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(41,2)|SEA(40,40)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(39,22)|RESERVOIR(39,1)|INJECTED AREA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(38,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(37,2)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE(36,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(35,3)|PACKING(34,17)|OM HEAD(34,1)|NATURAL CONDITION(31,1)|NEUTRALIZING(31,1)|METHANEDIONE TON(29,5)|DENSE GAS(29,2)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(26,7)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(26,6)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(26,3)|DISSOLVING CO2 GAS(26,1)|CARBON STORAGE(25,13)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(25,1)|INJECTION AREA(25,1)|FLUE GAS(22,62)|OCEAN CURRENT(20,7)|CARBON SINK(20,2)|SUNLIGHT(19,3)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(18,4)|WATER COLUMN(17,33)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(17,8)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(17,5)|MASSIVE SCRUBBING SEAWATER(17,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(16,13)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(16,3)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(15,4)|SEA PLATFORM(15,3)|MARPOL ANNEX(15,2)|EXTRA METHANEDIONE ABSORPTION(14,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,20)|WATER COLLECTOR(13,8)|CLIMATE CHANGE(13,5)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(13,2)|PH CONTROL(13,2)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(12,4)|CONCENTRATION CAPTURED METHANEDIONE(12,1)|METHANEDIONE DISSOLUTION(12,1)|METHANEDIONE TRANSPORTATION(12,1)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(12,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(12,1)|AFTER SCRUBBING SEAWATER(11,11)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(11,2)|BULK PACKING(11,2)|BURNER COOLING(11,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(11,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(11,2)|REGULAR PACKING(11,2)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(11,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(11,1)|CCS ART(11,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(11,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(11,1)|METHANEDIONE SOLUBILITY(11,1)|OCEAN TANKER(11,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(11,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(11,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(11,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(11,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(11,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(11,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(11,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(10,5)|ELECTROMOTOR(10,4)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(10,2)|SEABED(9,4)|WORDING(9,4)|BICARBONATE ION(9,3)|CCS PROJECT(9,1)|CO2 DILUTION(9,1)|COASTAL PLANT(9,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(9,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(9,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(9,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(9,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(9,1)|OULET DEPTH(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBING(9,1)|PACKING SCRUBBING(9,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(9,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(9,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(9,1)|TINY IMPACT(9,1)|VENTURI TOWER(9,1)|WASHING TOWER(9,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(8,7)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(8,2)|CO2 EMISSION(8,2)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(8,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(8,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(8,2)|FLOATING DOCK(7,3)|ABSORPTION TOWER(7,1)|BIG STUDY(7,1)|CAPTURED CO2(7,1)|CAPTURING CO2(7,1)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(7,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(7,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(7,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(7,1)|FUEL SULFUR(7,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(7,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(7,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(7,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(7,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(7,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(7,1)|PACKED TOWER(7,1)|RELEVANT LAW(7,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(7,1)|RUNNING SHIP(7,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(7,1)|SO2 EMISSION(7,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(7,1)|TRAY TOWER(7,1)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(6,4)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(6,4)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(6,2)|BOILER(6,2)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(6,2)|CHIMNEY(6,2)|DECREASING PH(6,2)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(6,2)|REGULATING WATER(6,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(6,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(6,1)|CARRYING OUT CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(6,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(6,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(6,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(6,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(6,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(6,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(6,1)|LARGE WATER FLOW(6,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(6,1)|METER DEPTH(6,1)|MUFFLER(6,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(6,1)|POWER TRANSMISSION(5,13)|SEA AREA(5,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(5,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(5,3)|TIDE(5,3)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(5,3)|DISCHARGING PIPE OUTLET(5,2)|GRILLE(5,2)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)|CARBON CAPTURE EQUIPMENT(4,1)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(4,1)|CARBON REDUCTION WINDMILL(4,1)||(US20180161719)|STORAGE(100,36)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,14)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,6)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(100,1)|MARINE FACILITY(69,2)|CARBON SINK MARINE ECOSYSTEM(66,1)|METHANEDIONE(64,71)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(63,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(61,115)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(61,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(60,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER CARBONATE(60,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(57,7)|PUMPING SEAWATER(54,11)|SHIP NAVIGATION(54,8)|GAS METHANEDIONE(50,3)|CO2 INJECTION(50,1)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(47,6)|FOSSIL ENERGY(47,2)|SEA(46,42)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(46,6)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(46,2)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(45,5)|OCEAN STORAGE(41,7)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(41,2)|RESERVOIR(39,1)|INJECTED AREA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(38,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(37,5)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(37,2)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(36,22)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE(36,3)|BULK PACKING(35,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(35,3)|PACKING(34,17)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(34,3)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(34,2)|ELECTROMOTOR(33,6)|DISCHARGING PIPE(33,2)|REGULAR PACKING(32,3)|METHANEDIONE VOLUME(31,4)|NATURAL CONDITION(31,1)|NEUTRALIZING(31,1)|METHANEDIONE TON(29,5)|DENSE GAS(29,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(28,10)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(26,6)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(26,3)|BICARBONATE(26,1)|DISSOLVING CO2 GAS(26,1)|FLUE GAS(25,64)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(25,1)|INJECTION AREA(25,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(21,14)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(21,3)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(21,2)|CARBON STORAGE(20,12)|OCEAN CURRENT(20,7)|CHIMNEY(20,3)|REGULATING WATER(20,3)|CARBON SINK(20,2)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(19,3)|SUNLIGHT(19,3)|GRILLE(18,3)|WATER COLUMN(17,34)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(17,8)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(17,5)|MASSIVE SCRUBBING SEAWATER(17,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(16,3)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(15,6)|SEA PLATFORM(15,3)|MARPOL ANNEX(15,2)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(14,4)|EXTRA METHANEDIONE ABSORPTION(14,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,20)|CLIMATE CHANGE(13,5)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(13,2)|PH CONTROL(13,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(12,17)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(12,4)|CONCENTRATION CAPTURED METHANEDIONE(12,1)|METHANEDIONE DISSOLUTION(12,1)|METHANEDIONE TRANSPORTATION(12,1)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(12,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(12,1)|AFTER SCRUBBING SEAWATER(11,11)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(11,2)|BURNER COOLING(11,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(11,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(11,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(11,1)|CCS ART(11,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(11,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(11,1)|METHANEDIONE SOLUBILITY(11,1)|OCEAN TANKER(11,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(11,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(11,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(11,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(11,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(11,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(11,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(11,1)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(10,2)|SEABED(9,4)|WORDING(9,4)|CCS PROJECT(9,1)|CO2 DILUTION(9,1)|COASTAL PLANT(9,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(9,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(9,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(9,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(9,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(9,1)|OULET DEPTH(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBING(9,1)|PACKING SCRUBBING(9,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(9,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(9,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(9,1)|TINY IMPACT(9,1)|VENTURI TOWER(9,1)|WASHING TOWER(9,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(8,7)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(8,2)|CO2 EMISSION(8,2)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(8,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(8,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(8,2)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(7,4)|FLOATING DOCK(7,3)|ABSORPTION TOWER(7,1)|BIG STUDY(7,1)|CAPTURED CO2(7,1)|CAPTURING CO2(7,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(7,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(7,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(7,1)|FUEL SULFUR(7,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(7,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(7,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(7,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(7,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(7,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(7,1)|PACKED TOWER(7,1)|RELEVANT LAW(7,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(7,1)|RUNNING SHIP(7,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(7,1)|SO2 EMISSION(7,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(7,1)|TRAY TOWER(7,1)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(6,4)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(6,4)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(6,2)|BOILER(6,2)|DECREASING PH(6,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(6,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(6,1)|CARRYING OUT CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(6,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(6,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(6,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(6,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(6,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(6,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(6,1)|LARGE WATER FLOW(6,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(6,1)|METER DEPTH(6,1)|MUFFLER(6,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(6,1)|SEA AREA(5,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(5,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(5,3)|TIDE(5,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)||(WO2017/211312)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAP(100,21)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAP CONTAINMENT(100,21)|CONTAINMENT(100,6)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(100,3)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION(89,27)|METHANEDIONE(59,51)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(55,2)|WASHED SEAWATER(54,30)|SEAWATER(51,69)|FOSSIL ENERGY MARINE INSTALLATION(50,1)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE CONTAINMENT(48,1)|SEAWATER OUTLET(47,6)|SEAWATER CARBON STORAGE(44,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN OUTLET(44,1)|ENHANCE SEQUESTRATION(41,1)|CONVEYING SEAWATER(40,1)|SEAWATER PUMP REGULATION(38,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING(35,5)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(34,1)|METHANEDIONE MARINE MASS STORAGE(33,1)|WASHED SEAWATER PH(32,3)|SEAWATER WASHING(31,6)|PRODUCING CARBON CAPTURE(29,13)|BULK PACKING(29,2)|ORIFICE PACKING(27,2)|REGULAR PACKING(26,2)|EXHAUST METHANEDIONE(25,9)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CAPTURE(24,1)|PACKING LAYER(23,5)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(22,5)|WATER CLOTH(22,4)|METHANEDIONE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(22,2)|DIFFUSION(22,1)|DISCHARGING EXHAUST GAS(22,1)|HYDROGENERATOR(21,2)|WATER DISPENSER HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(19,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(18,14)|WIND TURBINE(18,4)|METHANEDIONE TON(17,3)|FOSSIL FUEL EXHAUST GAS(17,2)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,7)|COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS(16,2)|REGULATOR(15,3)|KINETIC ENERGY(14,6)|SUNLIGHT(14,3)|POWER COUPLING(13,9)|METHANEDIONE GAS MASS(13,5)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(13,4)|METHANEDIONE CONTAINMENT(13,2)|MARINE VESSEL(12,7)|TECHNICAL PROGRAM(12,4)|CARBON TRAP CONTAINMENT(12,3)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(12,2)|MARPOL CONVENTION(12,2)|WASHED SEAWATER ELEVATION(12,2)|WATER DISPENSER HEIGHT(12,2)|FILLER MATERIAL(11,1)|MARINE MESOWATER(11,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE PROGRAM(11,1)|WATER TRAP HEIGHT(10,7)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE CONDUIT(10,3)|PACKING WASHING(10,3)|SEAWATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(10,3)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(10,2)|ELECTRICAL MOTOR(9,6)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(9,3)|MARINE SURFACE(9,2)|FLOATING MARINE PLATFORM(9,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY MARINE FACILITY(9,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE TARGET(9,1)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(8,3)|WATER METER(8,3)|CO2 TON(8,2)|INLET SEAWATER(8,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(8,2)|PROGRAMMING TECHNOLOGY(8,2)|SEAWATER BOOSTER PUMP(8,2)|BOILER TURBINE(8,1)|BRINGING WASHED SEAWATER(8,1)|CAPTURED CO2 EMISSION(8,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(8,1)|GEOENGINEERING THEORY(8,1)|INJECTING WASHED SEAWATER(8,1)|METER ALTITUDE(8,1)|METER INJECTION(8,1)|METHANEDIONE SOLUBILITY(8,1)|MOBILE MARINE PLATFORM(8,1)|MULTIYEAR EXPERIMENT(8,1)|PURITY METHANEDIONE(8,1)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAPPING(8,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION PUMP(8,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION PUMP EXPANSION(8,1)|SEAWATER PUMP CONDITION(8,1)|SEAWATER PUMP INCREASE(8,1)|WASHING SEAWATER ELEVATION(8,1)|SEA LEVEL(7,10)|FILLER LAYER(7,4)|OCEAN CURRENT(7,4)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON TRAPPING(7,1)|BUOYANT DOCK(7,1)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(7,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(7,1)|MARINE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM(7,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(7,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(7,1)|SCRUBBER COLUMN(7,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN PORT(7,1)|SEAWATER INCREMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION EQUIPMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER MANIFOLD(7,1)|SHIP TRAVEL(7,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION DECREE(7,1)|PH CONTROL(6,4)|BICARBONATE ION(6,2)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE(6,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,2)|OFFSHORE GAS(6,2)|SEAWATER STORAGE(6,2)|BULK FILLER(6,1)|CARBON WINDMILL(6,1)|CCS PLANT COST(6,1)|CO2 IMPACT(6,1)|DRAINAGE DEPTH(6,1)|FILLER DRY FILLER FACTOR(6,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(6,1)|FOSSIL FUEL BURNER(6,1)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE PROGRAM(6,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|NATURAL CONTAINMENT(6,1)|OFFSHORE WIND GENERATOR(6,1)|PACKED TOWER(6,1)|REGULAR FILLER(6,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(6,1)|SEABED GATE(6,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|WASH DRAINAGE(6,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS REDUCED MASS(5,5)|EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION(5,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(5,2)|COMBUSTOR(5,2)|HYDRODYNAMIC(5,2)|MARINE RESOURCE(5,2)|MEPC(5,2)|SCRUBBING(5,2)|WATER TRAP HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(5,2)|BURNER SEAWATER COOLING SYSTEM(4,3)|BLOWER(4,2)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(4,2)|ABSORBER COLUMN(4,1)|CARBON CONTAINMENT REGION(4,1)|CO2 ABSORPTION(4,1)|COLLECTED ATMOSPHERE(4,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(4,1)|CONTAINING CARBON CAPTURE(4,1)|DEEP CO2(4,1)|DELIVERY PIPE(4,1)|DISCHARGE ZONE(4,1)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(4,1)|EXHAUST CYLINDER(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|INCREASED WASHING SEAWATER(4,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(4,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(4,1)|MEMBRANE DELIVERY TUBE(4,1)|METHANEDIONE CARBON CAPTURE(4,1)|METHANEDIONE LIQUID(4,1)|ORIFICE COLUMN(4,1)|REDUCING SEAWATER(4,1)|RISING VESSEL HEIGHT(4,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(4,1)|TECHNICAL INSTRUMENT(4,1)|TRAPPING COST(4,1)|ABSORB COMPONENT(3,1)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE(3,1)|BUBBLER(3,1)|CARBON HEIGHT(3,1)|CARBON STORAGE SITE EXPERIMENT(3,1)|CO2 PRODUCTION(3,1)|CO2 REDUCTION(3,1)|COOLING OUTLET(3,1)||(WO2017/211147)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAP(100,20)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAP CONTAINMENT(100,20)|CONTAINMENT(100,6)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAPPING(100,1)|SEAWATER(78,81)|SEAWATER METHANEDIONE(73,2)|METHANEDIONE(60,42)|SEAWATER CARBON ENCAPSULATION(60,2)|CARBON TRAPPING(53,6)|REMULTIPLEXED SEAWATER(52,1)|WASHED SEAWATER(46,21)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(43,12)|SEAWATER DRAINAGE CHANNEL(43,5)|TRAPPING METHANEDIONE(41,2)|SEAWATER CARBON CONTAINMENT(37,2)|SEAWATER PUMP REGULATION(37,2)|EXHAUST METHANEDIONE(34,5)|SEAWATER WASHING(32,8)|COMBUSTOR COOLING(30,1)|BULK PACKING(29,2)|FOSSIL FUEL BURNER(28,2)|ORIFICE PACKING(27,2)|SEAWATER STORAGE(26,1)|CARBON PH(25,4)|PACKING LAYER(25,3)|REGULAR PACKING(25,2)|EXHAUST GAS(23,16)|ALTITUDE(23,4)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE(23,1)|METHANEDIONE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(22,2)|SEAWATER OUTLET(19,4)|WATER DISPENSER HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(19,1)|PRODUCING CARBON CAPTURE(18,10)|CHIMNEY(17,2)|EXHAUST OFF GAS(15,4)|FLOATING DOCK(14,3)|WASHED SEAWATER ELEVATION(14,3)|METHANEDIONE TON(13,2)|MARINE CCS PROGRAM(13,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(12,4)|COMBUSTION(12,3)|MARINE CONTAINMENT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM(12,1)|MARINE VESSEL(11,6)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(11,2)|MARPOL CONVENTION(11,2)|MEMBRANE WATER PIPE(11,2)|WATER DISPENSER HEIGHT(11,2)|METHANEDIONE GAS MASS REDUCTION(10,5)|COAL(10,4)|CO2 TON(10,3)|SEAWATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(10,3)|TECHNICAL PROGRAM(10,3)|FILLER MATERIAL(10,1)|MARINE MESOWATER(10,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE PROGRAM(10,1)|WATER TRAP HEIGHT(9,6)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(9,3)|INTERNATIONAL MARINE TRANSPORT(9,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE TARGET(9,1)|METHANEDIONE CONTAINMENT(9,1)|FILLER LAYER(8,5)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(8,3)|WATER METER(8,3)|INLET SEAWATER(8,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(8,2)|WASH DRAINAGE(8,2)|CAPTURED CO2 EMISSION(8,1)|DISSOLVE METHANEDIONE(8,1)|MARINE TANKER(8,1)|METER INJECTION(8,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(8,1)|METHANEDIONE IMPACT(8,1)|METHANEDIONE SOLUBILITY(8,1)|MULTIYEAR EXPERIMENT(8,1)|SEAWATER DRAINAGE(8,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION PUMP EXPANSION(8,1)|SEAWATER PUMP CONDITION(8,1)|WASHED SEAWATER DISCHARGE(8,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(7,4)|ANNUAL CAPTURE(7,1)|BUOYANT DOCK(7,1)|CONCENTRATION CCS PROJECT(7,1)|ECONOMIC CHARACTER(7,1)|GEOLOGICAL RESERVOIR(7,1)|MARINE CARBON RESERVOIR(7,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(7,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(7,1)|REGULATED SEAWATER(7,1)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE CONTAINMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER EXHAUST PASSAGE(7,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION(7,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION EQUIPMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER MANIFOLD(7,1)|SEAWATER TRAP(7,1)|SHIP TRAVEL(7,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION DECREE(7,1)|OFF GAS METHANEDIONE(6,10)|WATER CLOTH HEIGHT(6,3)|BICARBONATE ION(6,2)|DRY FILLER FACTOR(6,2)|EXHAUST GAS METHANEDIONE(6,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,2)|OFFSHORE GAS(6,2)|SEAWATER QUALITY(6,2)|BULK FILLER(6,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(6,1)|DRAINAGE DEPTH(6,1)|MARINE INSTALLATION(6,1)|MARINE PLATFORM(6,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|PACKED TOWER(6,1)|PACKING WASHING(6,1)|PURIFIED TAIL GAS DISCHARGE(6,1)|REGULAR FILLER(6,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(6,1)|SEAWATER GATE(6,1)|SEAWATER INLET(6,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|SHIPPING INDUSTRY GREEN CHARACTER(6,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION REGULATORY REQUIREMENT(6,1)|VESSEL HEAVY LOADING(6,1)|OFFSHORE POWER PLANT(5,8)|SEA LEVEL(5,7)|NATURAL GAS(5,3)|CO2 PRODUCTION(5,2)|CO2 REDUCTION(5,2)|DENSE PHASE GAS(5,2)|GENERATOR FLUE GAS(5,2)|MARINE RESOURCE(5,2)|MEPC(5,2)|MUFFLER(5,2)|SO2 REDUCTION(5,2)|BURNER SEAWATER COOLING SYSTEM(4,3)|CONTACT AREA(4,3)|CONTROL DRAINAGE PH(4,3)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(4,3)|ABSORBER COLUMN(4,1)|CARBON CONTAINMENT REGION(4,1)|CARBON TRAP CONTAINMENT VOLUME(4,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(4,1)|CCS PLANT COST(4,1)|CO2 ABSORPTION(4,1)|CONTAINING CARBON CAPTURE(4,1)|DEEP CO2(4,1)|DELIVERY PIPE(4,1)|DISCHARGE ZONE(4,1)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(4,1)|INCREASED WASHING SEAWATER(4,1)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE(4,1)|MARINE CARBON SINK(4,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(4,1)|METHANEDIONE CARBON CAPTURE(4,1)|METHANEDIONE LIQUID(4,1)|OCEAN CONTENT(4,1)|ORIFICE COLUMN(4,1)|REDUCING SEAWATER(4,1)|RISING VESSEL HEIGHT(4,1)|TRAPPING COST(4,1)|WATER CLOTH HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(4,1)|ABSORB COMPONENT(3,1)||(JP7656155)|SEAWATER(100,101)|RECOVERING CARBON(100,92)|EQUIPMENT(100,14)|POWER TRANSMISSION(100,14)|CARBON(100,7)|POWER FACILITY(100,7)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(100,5)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(100,5)|TRANSMISSION(100,5)|OCEAN CARBON(100,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(100,1)|OCEAN IMMEDIATE DEATH(76,1)|SEA(53,34)|MARINE CARBON(52,9)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(47,1)|FACILITY(45,11)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(42,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE PIPE(40,5)|PUMPING SEAWATER(40,4)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE MEASURE(39,1)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE(37,8)|WASHED SEAWATER(37,8)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(37,7)|CO2 INJECTION(37,1)|WASH SEAWATER(35,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(34,8)|CLEANED FLUE GAS(34,5)|SEAWATER REGULATION PUMP(34,2)|SEAWATER WASHING(32,6)|BULK PACKING(32,1)|WASHING SEAWATER VOLUME(32,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(31,96)|SEAWATER ADJUSTMENT PUMP(31,1)|CARBON RECOVERY FLUE GAS(27,1)|COMBUSTOR(26,15)|FLUE GAS(24,47)|FUNDING(24,1)|CARBON STORAGE(23,13)|CARBON(23,2)|CCS(23,2)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE TON(23,1)|POROUS PLATE PACKING(23,1)|SEAWATER CONTENT(21,2)|CARBON RECOVERY PACKING LAYER(21,1)|GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(21,1)|STORAGE MEASURE(21,1)|REGULATING WATER(20,4)|SEAWATER OUTLET(20,4)|DENSE GAS(20,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON(20,1)|WATER COLLECTOR(19,8)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(19,6)|CARBON STORAGE SITE(17,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(17,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(17,1)|MARPOL ANNEX MEPC REGULATION(17,1)|HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATOR(16,2)|EMISSIONS REDUCTION(16,1)|SEA AREA INJECTION(16,1)|CARBON RECOVERY PRODUCT(15,17)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(15,3)|WINDPOWER GENERATOR(15,3)|FILLER(14,8)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(14,4)|WATER COLUMN(13,24)|ELECTRICAL MOTOR(13,5)|SUNLIGHT(13,3)|EXHAUST FUME(13,2)|SEABED GEOLOGICAL RESERVOIR(12,1)|SEAWATER WASHING DESULPHURIZATION(12,1)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(11,3)|MARINE VESSEL(10,8)|ABLE COST(10,3)|SEA AREA(10,3)|WASH WATER(10,3)|LONGSTANDING DESIRE(10,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(9,2)|COMBUSTOR COOLING(9,2)|EXHAUST SMOKE(9,2)|PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT(9,2)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(8,6)|CLIMATE CHANGE(8,4)|DISCHARGING WASHING SEAWATER(8,1)|SEABED OILFIELD(8,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION FACILITY(8,1)|SEAWATER ELEVATED TEMPERATURE(7,3)|INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH(7,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(7,2)|OIL PROMOTION(7,2)|SEAWATER HEIGHT(7,2)|STEAM TURBINE BOILER(7,2)|DEPRECIATION EXPENSE(7,1)|DISCHARGED WASHING SEAWATER(7,1)|ECONOMIC STANDPOINT(7,1)|MARINE TANKER(7,1)|MARINE WASTEWATER(7,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(7,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(7,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(7,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(7,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON RECOVERY(7,1)|WASHING SEAWATER LIFTING HEIGHT(7,1)|CONTACT AREA(6,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(6,2)|LIFT HEIGHT(6,2)|NATURAL STATE(6,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,2)|PUMP HEAD(6,2)|ABSORB INGREDIENT(6,1)|CCS PROJECT(6,1)|CLEANING SEAWATER(6,1)|GEOLOGICAL RETENTION(6,1)|GEOSCIENCE THEORY(6,1)|IEA OCEAN STORAGE(6,1)|LARGE SCALE EMISSIONS REDUCTION(6,1)|MARINE CARBON RESERVOIR(6,1)|MARINE FACILITY(6,1)|MARINE PLATFORM(6,1)|SEA PLATFORM(6,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(6,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION PUMP(6,1)|SENDING SEAWATER(6,1)|SHIP EMISSION(6,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(6,1)|VENTURI TOWER(6,1)|BICARBONATE(5,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY(5,3)|CHIMNEY(5,3)|RECOVERING CARBON DIOXIDE(5,3)|SEA LEVEL(5,2)|ABSORPTION TOWER(5,1)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(5,1)|BULK FILLER(5,1)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(5,1)|CCS COST(5,1)|CO2 EMISSION(5,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(5,1)|COOLING SEAWATER(5,1)|DRY PACKING FACTOR FILLING(5,1)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(5,1)|EXHAUST CLEANING(5,1)|FILLING TOWER(5,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(5,1)|MARINE CARBON RECOVERY(5,1)|MARINE RECOVERY(5,1)|MARINE RESERVOIR(5,1)|MARINE RETENTION(5,1)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|POSTWASH SALT(5,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(5,1)|SEA WIND(5,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(5,1)|SPRAY SPRAYER(5,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION LAW(5,1)|SULFUR RESTRICTION(5,1)|UNRECOVERABLE CARBON EMISSION(5,1)|WIND SPREAD(5,1)|POWER EQUIPMENT(4,5)|CARBON RETENTION(4,2)|MARINE RESOURCE(4,2)|MARINE STORAGE(4,2)|MARINE WATER PILLAR(4,2)|TECHNICAL MEASURE(4,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(4,1)|CARBON RECOVERY HEIGHT(4,1)|CARBONATE ION(4,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(4,1)|CLEANED EXHAUST(4,1)|DISCHARGE SITE(4,1)|EQUIPMENT ATMOSPHERE(4,1)|EXAMINATION FALL(4,1)|EXIT DEPTH(4,1)|FILLER CLEANING(4,1)|FILLING CLEANING(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(4,1)|INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT(4,1)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE TESTING(4,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|OCEAN COLUMN MIDDLE LAYER(4,1)|OCEAN DEPTH LAYER(4,1)|POROUS PLATE FILLER(4,1)|POWER GENERATION SMOKE(4,1)|REDUCING SEAWATER(4,1)|RELEVANT LAW(4,1)|SEAWATER INCREASING PUMP(4,1)|SEAWATER STORAGE(4,1)|SEAWATER SUPPLY(4,1)|SILENCER(4,1)|STAGE TOWER(4,1)|WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(4,1)|COOLING WATER(3,3)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(3,3)|OCEAN WATER COLUMN(3,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(3,3)|TEMPERATURE ELEVATION(3,3)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON EMISSION(3,1)||(JP2022128475)|RECOVERING CARBON(100,117)|MARINE CARBON(100,10)|WASHING(100,9)|OCEAN CARBON(100,7)|ELECTRICAL POWER PLANT(100,4)|CARBON RECOVERY ENERGY EXPENDITURE(100,3)|FILLER(100,3)|RETENTION METHOD ABD FACILITY(100,1)|EXPENSIVE GEOLOGICAL POOLING STRATEGY(81,1)|OCEAN IMMEDIATE DEATH(72,1)|MARINE FACILITY(63,2)|CARBON ABSORPTION MARINE ECOSYSTEM(61,1)|SEAWATER(60,100)|WASHED SEAWATER(55,7)|POOLING STRATEGY(54,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER BICARBONATE(50,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(49,6)|CLEANING SEAWATER(45,14)|SEAWATER ADJUSTMENT PUMP(44,2)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(43,1)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE(42,6)|ADDING SEAWATER(42,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(42,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE PIPE(41,4)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(40,6)|HYDROGENERATOR(38,1)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(36,7)|LIFT(36,6)|CARBON ABSORPTION(36,1)|MARINE RETENTION(35,1)|SEAWATER WASH(34,4)|CO2 INJECTION(34,1)|GAS CARBON RECOVERY(33,1)|CARBON COLLECTION(32,2)|PRODUCT DILUTION(32,1)|WASHING SEAWATER VOLUME(32,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OFFICE(31,1)|CARBON(30,5)|RETENTION LAYER(30,1)|SMOKE EVACUATION CARBON DIOXIDE(30,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(29,2)|CLEANED SEAWATER(28,3)|CARBON RECOVERY PACKED BED(28,2)|CLEANED SMOKE(27,2)|MARINE STORAGE(27,2)|BULK PACKING(26,2)|INJECTED OCEAN AREA(26,1)|SEA(25,28)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(25,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY(23,2)|CLIMATE FLUCTUATION(22,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(21,93)|COMBUSTOR(21,17)|CCS(21,4)|MINIMAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION(21,1)|MARINE VESSEL(20,11)|REGULATING WATER(20,4)|FOSSIL ENERGY(20,3)|DRAINAGE WATER(20,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(19,14)|MARPOL APPENDIX MEPC(19,2)|ORDINARY PACKING(19,2)|COLLECTOR(18,9)|DENSE GAS(18,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION(18,1)|INSHORE POWER PLANT(18,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY(17,3)|SEAWATER WASH DESULFURIZATION(17,2)|MARINE WATER COLUMN(15,12)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(15,3)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(15,3)|COMBUSTION(15,1)|RECOVERING CARBON DIOXIDE(14,3)|EMISSION REDUCTION(14,1)|COAST POWER PLANT(13,6)|CHIMNEY(13,4)|SUNLIGHT(13,4)|TRANSMISSION(12,14)|CLIMATE CHANGE(12,2)|LATTICE(11,3)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(11,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER(11,3)|ABLE COST PERSPECTIVE(11,1)|ELECTRICAL MOTOR(10,6)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(10,6)|COST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY(10,3)|SEA PLATFORM(10,3)|LONGSTANDING DESIRE(10,2)|SEAWATER WASHING DESULFURIZATION(10,1)|WATER COLUMN(9,15)|SEA LEVEL(9,5)|WIND GENERATOR(9,4)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(9,3)|PH CONTROL(9,2)|CO2 GAS(9,1)|CO2CO IEA OCEAN STORAGE(9,1)|SHIP SEAWATER DUCT(9,1)|MARINE WATER(8,6)|CLEANING SEAWATER LIFT(8,1)|SEAWATER ENRICHMENT(8,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(7,14)|POWER TRANSMISSION(7,8)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(7,5)|POWER GENERATION SMOKE EXHAUST(7,3)|COOLING SEAWATER(7,2)|PACKING CLEANING(7,2)|SEAWATER ADJUSTMENT(7,2)|STEAM TURBINE BOILER(7,2)|CLIMATIC FLUCTUATION(7,1)|DISCHARGED CLEANING SEAWATER(7,1)|DRAIN CLEANING(7,1)|LOCAL REGIONAL TREND AVERAGE(7,1)|OFFSHORE WAIVER(7,1)|SEA DEEP BED(7,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(7,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(7,1)|SEAWATER PUMP REGULATION(7,1)|SHIP NAVIGATION(7,1)|SMOKE DISCHARGE EXHAUST(7,1)|WASH SEAWATER(7,1)|CARBON RECOVERY WATER SUPPLY(6,3)|NATURAL STATE(6,3)|CO2EMISSIONS(6,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(6,2)|DRY PADDING FACTOR(6,2)|SEAWATER CARBON(6,2)|SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,2)|ABSORPTION TOWER(6,1)|ABUNDANT NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,1)|CARBON RECOVERY ALTITUDE(6,1)|CARBON RECOVERY SEAWATER OUTLET(6,1)|CCS PROJECT(6,1)|CONVEYING SEAWATER(6,1)|DIRECT AIR RECOVERY(6,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION CO2CAN(6,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ABSORPTION(6,1)|GLOBAL SCIENCE(6,1)|H2O H2CO(6,1)|HORIZONTAL CENTER LINE(6,1)|INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION(6,1)|LARGE SCALE EMISSION REDUCTION(6,1)|MARINE EFFLUENT(6,1)|OCEAN TANKER(6,1)|PETROLEUM ENHANCED RECOVERY(6,1)|RELEVANT LEGISLATION(6,1)|SEAWATER EMISSION(6,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION EQUIPMENT(6,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION PUMP(6,1)|SEAWATER VENT(6,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(6,1)|TON YEAR CO2IS(6,1)|VENTURI TOWER(6,1)|WASHING TOWER(6,1)|SEA FLOOR(5,4)|ATMOSPHERE RETENTION(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CYCLING(5,1)|CARBON ABSORPTION RESOURCE(5,1)|CLEANING SEAWATER VOLUME(5,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(5,1)|GLOBAL ENGINEERING(5,1)|GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC THEORY(5,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(5,1)|INLET SEAWATER(5,1)|MARINE MOBILE PLATFORM(5,1)|MARINE RECOVERY(5,1)|NET ORGANIC MEMBRANE(5,1)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(5,1)|OCEAN MARINE VESSEL(5,1)|OSPAR PROVISION(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|PERIPHERAL ASSISTANCE(5,1)|PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY(5,1)|POWER GENERATION SMOKE EVACUATION(5,1)|REDUCING SEAWATER PUMPING(5,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(5,1)|SEA WIND(5,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(5,1)|SEAWATER TREATMENT(5,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(5,1)|TECHNICAL STRATEGY(5,1)|UNDERWATER TRANSPORT(5,1)|GAS STEAM CYCLE(4,4)|SEA AREA(4,4)|FLOATING DOCK(4,3)|BICARBONATE ION(4,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(4,2)|HYDROELECTRIC GENERATOR(4,2)|MARINE RESOURCE(4,2)|PH LOWERING(4,2)|WASH WATER(4,2)|CARBON OBJECTIVE(4,1)|CARBON SAVINGS(4,1)|CCS PRIMARY ENERGY EXPENDITURE(4,1)|COAL FIRED THERMAL(4,1)|COLUMN TOWER(4,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(4,1)|DRAINAGE COURSE(4,1)|ELECTRICAL POWER APPARATUS(4,1)|ENHANCING RECOVERY(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|HYDRAULIC CARBON RECOVERY(4,1)|INSTALLATION ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(4,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDY(4,1)|LARGE WATER FLOW(4,1)|MARINE COLUMN(4,1)|MARINE VESSEL FUEL(4,1)|MUFFLER(4,1)|OFFSHORE CARBON(4,1)|POROUS PLATE FILLING(4,1)|POROUS PLATE PACKING(4,1)|PRESSURE3CO(4,1)|RELEVANT INDICATOR(4,1)|RETENTION BENEFIT(4,1)|SEAWATER SUPPLY(4,1)|STEP WASHED SMOKE EVACUATION(4,1)|SULFUR LIMITATION(4,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION(4,1)|TRAP WIND(4,1)|WATER CO2A(4,1)|WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(4,1)|NORMAL PRESSURE(3,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE ELEVATED TEMPERATURE(3,3)|DRAIN PIPE(3,3)|TEMPERATURE ELEVATION(3,3)|FILLING LAYER(3,2)|ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)|ABSORB COMPONENT(3,1)|ABSORBED CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON EMISSION(3,1)|BOAT(3,1)||(JP2019524424)|RECOVERING CARBON(100,117)|WASHING(100,10)|MARINE CARBON(100,9)|FACILITY(100,7)|OCEAN CARBON(100,7)|ELECTRICAL POWER PLANT(100,4)|CARBON RECOVERY ENERGY EXPENDITURE(100,3)|FILLER(100,3)|EXPENSIVE GEOLOGICAL POOLING STRATEGY(86,1)|OCEAN IMMEDIATE DEATH(77,1)|SEAWATER(67,105)|OCEAN FACILITY(65,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(60,6)|NATURAL SEAWATER CARBONATE NEUTRALIZATION(58,1)|POOLING STRATEGY(57,1)|MARINE FACILITY(55,1)|WASHED SEAWATER(47,7)|RESERVOIR MARINE BIOLOGY(47,1)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(45,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(44,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE PIPE(43,4)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(42,6)|SMOKE STORAGE(41,1)|HYDROGENERATOR(40,1)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(39,7)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE(38,5)|MARINE STORAGE(38,3)|SEAWATER WASH(37,3)|CLIMATE FLUCTUATION(36,3)|CO2 INJECTION(36,1)|SEAWATER PUMP REGULATION(35,2)|WASHING SEAWATER VOLUME(34,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OFFICE(33,1)|SMOKE EVACUATION CARBON DIOXIDE(32,1)|CARBON(31,5)|GASEOUS CARBON DIOXIDE(31,1)|SEA(30,29)|FOSSIL ENERGY(30,3)|CARBON RECOVERY PACKED BED(30,2)|CLEANED SMOKE(29,2)|CARBON ABSORPTION(29,1)|BULK PACKING(27,2)|INJECTED OCEAN AREA(27,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(26,2)|MARINE BIOLOGY(25,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(24,96)|OCEAN WATER COLUMN(24,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY(23,2)|COMBUSTOR(22,17)|CCS(22,4)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(22,4)|CARBON RECOVERY WATER FEEDER(22,1)|MARPOL APPENDIX MEPC(21,2)|ORDINARY PACKING(21,2)|FOSSIL FUEL(20,14)|MARINE WATER COLUMN(19,12)|COLLECTOR(19,9)|DENSE GAS(19,3)|DISSOLVE CO2 GAS(19,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION(19,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY(18,3)|SHIP(18,3)|SEAWATER WASH DESULFURIZATION(18,2)|WATER CONDITIONER(17,2)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(16,3)|COMBUSTION(16,1)|SMOKE EXHAUST(15,6)|RECOVERING CARBON DIOXIDE(15,3)|CO2(14,20)|COAST POWER PLANT(14,6)|CHIMNEY(14,4)|EMISSION REDUCTION(14,1)|MARINE VESSEL(13,8)|SUNLIGHT(13,4)|TRANSMISSION(12,14)|OCEAN WATER(12,2)|ABLE COST PERSPECTIVE(12,1)|LATTICE(11,3)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(11,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER(11,3)|SEA PLATFORM(11,3)|LONGSTANDING DESIRE(11,2)|SEAWATER WASHING DESULFURIZATION(11,1)|ELECTRICAL MOTOR(10,6)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(10,6)|WIND GENERATOR(10,4)|COST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY(10,3)|SHIP SEAWATER DUCT(10,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(9,3)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(9,3)|CLEANED SEAWATER(9,2)|CLEANING SEAWATER LIFT(9,1)|SEAWATER ENRICHMENT(9,1)|POWER TRANSMISSION(8,8)|POWER GENERATION FASTENER(8,6)|DIRECT AIR RECOVERY(8,4)|CO2 EMISSION(8,2)|PACKING CLEANING(8,2)|SEAWATER ADJUSTMENT(8,2)|STEAM TURBINE BOILER(8,2)|CLIMATIC FLUCTUATION(8,1)|DISCHARGED CLEANING SEAWATER(8,1)|LOCAL REGIONAL TREND AVERAGE(8,1)|OFFSHORE WAIVER(8,1)|SEA DEEP BED(8,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(8,1)|SHIP NAVIGATION(8,1)|SMOKE DISCHARGE EXHAUST(8,1)|WASH SEAWATER(8,1)|POWER PLANT(7,20)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(7,5)|SEA LEVEL(7,5)|DRY PADDING FACTOR(7,2)|SEA FLOOR(6,4)|NATURAL STATE(6,3)|DISCHARGE PIPE(6,2)|SEAWATER CARBON(6,2)|SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,2)|ABSORPTION TOWER(6,1)|ABUNDANT NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,1)|CARBON RECOVERY ALTITUDE(6,1)|CARBON RECOVERY SEAWATER OUTLET(6,1)|CCS PROJECT(6,1)|CONVEYING SEAWATER(6,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ABSORPTION(6,1)|GLOBAL SCIENCE(6,1)|HORIZONTAL CENTER LINE(6,1)|INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION(6,1)|LARGE SCALE EMISSION REDUCTION(6,1)|MARINE EFFLUENT(6,1)|OCEAN TANKER(6,1)|PETROLEUM ENHANCED RECOVERY(6,1)|RELEVANT LEGISLATION(6,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(6,1)|SEAWATER EMISSION(6,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION EQUIPMENT(6,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCTION PUMP(6,1)|SEAWATER VENT(6,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(6,1)|VENTURI TOWER(6,1)|WASHING TOWER(6,1)|SEA AREA(5,4)|OCEAN STORAGE(5,3)|ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT(5,2)|ATMOSPHERE RETENTION(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CYCLING(5,1)|CARBON ABSORPTION RESOURCE(5,1)|CLEANING SEAWATER VOLUME(5,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(5,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(5,1)|COOLING SEAWATER(5,1)|GLOBAL ENGINEERING(5,1)|GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC THEORY(5,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(5,1)|INLET SEAWATER(5,1)|MARINE MOBILE PLATFORM(5,1)|MARINE RECOVERY(5,1)|NET ORGANIC MEMBRANE(5,1)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(5,1)|OCEAN MARINE VESSEL(5,1)|OSPAR PROVISION(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|PERIPHERAL ASSISTANCE(5,1)|PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY(5,1)|RECOVERED CO2(5,1)|RECOVERING CO2(5,1)|REDUCING SEAWATER PUMPING(5,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(5,1)|SEA WIND(5,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(5,1)|SEAWATER TREATMENT(5,1)|SO2 EMISSION(5,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(5,1)|TECHNICAL STRATEGY(5,1)|UNDERWATER TRANSPORT(5,1)|FLOATING DOCK(4,3)|BICARBONATE ION(4,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(4,2)|FILLING LAYER(4,2)|HYDROELECTRIC GENERATOR(4,2)|MARINE RESOURCE(4,2)|PH LOWERING(4,2)|REGULATING WATER(4,2)|WASH WATER(4,2)|CARBON OBJECTIVE(4,1)|CARBON SAVINGS(4,1)|CCS PRIMARY ENERGY EXPENDITURE(4,1)|COAL FIRED THERMAL(4,1)|COLUMN TOWER(4,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(4,1)|DRAINAGE COURSE(4,1)|ENHANCING RECOVERY(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|HYDRAULIC CARBON RECOVERY(4,1)|INSTALLATION ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(4,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDY(4,1)|MARINE VESSEL FUEL(4,1)|MUFFLER(4,1)|OFFSHORE CARBON(4,1)|POROUS PLATE FILLING(4,1)|POROUS PLATE PACKING(4,1)|RELEVANT INDICATOR(4,1)|RETENTION BENEFIT(4,1)|SEAWATER SUPPLY(4,1)|SHIP FLUE GAS(4,1)|STEP WASHED SMOKE EVACUATION(4,1)|SULFUR LIMITATION(4,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION(4,1)|TRAP WIND(4,1)|WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE ELEVATED TEMPERATURE(3,3)|DRAIN PIPE(3,3)|TEMPERATURE ELEVATION(3,3)|ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)|ABSORB COMPONENT(3,1)|ABSORBED CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)||(CN119327229)|SEAWATER(100,77)|CARBON(100,21)|CARBON TRAPPING(100,12)|SEALING(100,12)|OCEAN DACCS(89,2)|INJECTED SEAWATER PH(75,1)|POWERING SEAWATER EXTRACTION PLANT(75,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(64,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION(64,1)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER WASH(63,1)|LIU DEWU PHYSICAL FOOTPRINT(62,1)|NEGATIVE EMISSION CLIMATE(53,1)|ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL FOOTPRINT(51,1)|WASHED SEAWATER(43,9)|CAPTURING CARBON EMISSION(43,1)|NATURAL WIND(41,1)|DEEP SEA(40,1)|CARBON CATCHER(39,23)|SIGNIFICANCE(37,1)|ESCAPE CARBON EMISSION(36,1)|KINETIC ENERGY TRANSFER(35,2)|CLIMATE SLOWING DOWN(34,1)|SUNLIGHT(30,4)|SEAL CARBON(30,1)|TRAPPING(30,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(29,7)|ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION(28,1)|SEALING CARBON DIOXIDE(27,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PIPELINE(25,2)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(25,2)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(24,8)|SEAWATER AIR CARBON CAPTURE(24,1)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(23,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(22,6)|WINDPOWER GENERATOR(22,2)|LARGE SEAWATER(20,4)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(20,3)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(20,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE(19,86)|HYDROELECTRIC GENERATOR(19,2)|PERIPHERAL SUPPORT(19,2)|CARBON CAPTURE(18,30)|WATER COLLECTOR(18,7)|ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT SOLUTION(18,1)|OCEAN WATER(17,8)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON(17,5)|SEA PLATFORM(17,4)|MARPO CONVENTION ANNEX(17,1)|BLOWER(16,2)|NATURAL ENERGY SOURCE(15,2)|ELECTRICAL MOTOR(14,2)|SEAWATER TURBINE(14,2)|POWERING SEAWATER EXTRACTION(14,1)|WASH SEAWATER SPREADING(14,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(13,19)|FINISHED PRODUCT(13,17)|CARBON EMISSION(13,7)|SOLAR POWER PLANT(13,3)|FILLER WASHING(12,3)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(12,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(12,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PIPELINE(12,2)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(12,2)|LIFTING SEAWATER(12,2)|HYDROGENERATOR ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING(12,1)|PHYSICS AMERICAN SOCIETY(12,1)|SEA AREA(11,5)|CHILLED SEAWATER(11,1)|COASTAL COAL FIRED PLANT(11,1)|FLOATING OCEAN PLATFORM(11,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY OCEAN FACILITY(11,1)|IPCC INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH(11,1)|MOBILE OCEAN PLATFORM(11,1)|NATURAL STATE(11,1)|OCEAN FLOWING SEAWATER(11,1)|REALIZING CLIMATE TARGET(11,1)|SCRUBBER SEAWATER(11,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CATCHING(11,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(11,1)|WASHING SEAWATER ABSORPTION(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(10,3)|CLIMATE MITIGATION SCALE(10,2)|PACKED TOWER(10,2)|SEA VESSEL(10,2)|SEAWATER DRAIN PIPE OUTLET(10,2)|WINDPOWER(10,2)|IEA ORGANIZATION(10,1)|ONSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(10,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(10,1)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAPPING(10,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION PUMP(10,1)|SEAWATER PUMP REGULATION(10,1)|SEAWATER REGULATOR PUMP(10,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(10,1)|WASHED SEAWATER ELEVATION(10,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE GAS(9,11)|PNEUMATIC DEVICE(8,10)|CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE(8,4)|FILLER LAYER(8,4)|SEABED(8,4)|COASTAL GAS(8,2)|DRY FILLER(8,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(8,2)|REGENERATION(8,2)|SEA CARBON SEALING(8,2)|CARBON TRAP SEAWATER OUTLET(8,1)|DAC TECHNOLOGY ROUTE(8,1)|DACCS TECHNOLOGY ROUTE(8,1)|FACTORY YEAR(8,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION EXHAUST(8,1)|FUNDAMENTAL DEFECT(8,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING SULFUR LIMITING(8,1)|INLET SEAWATER PH(8,1)|OCEAN DRAINAGE(8,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(8,1)|ONLY NATURAL SEAWATER(8,1)|PACKING WASHING MEASURE(8,1)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE CONTAINMENT(8,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCING EQUIPMENT(8,1)|SHIP NAVIGATION(8,1)|SHIP TRAVEL(8,1)|VENTURI TOWER(8,1)|WASH SEAWATER ELEVATION HEIGHT(8,1)|WASH WATER(7,4)|WATER DISCHARGE(7,4)|DISSOLUTION(7,3)|PACKING LAYER(7,3)|TIDE LEVEL(7,3)|ADOPTED PACKING(7,1)|AVERAGE TIDE FALL(7,1)|BULK FILLER(7,1)|BULK PACKING(7,1)|CARBON CATCHER WATER DISTRIBUTOR(7,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(7,1)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(7,1)|EXHAUST DRUM(7,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(7,1)|FOSSIL FUEL BURNER(7,1)|FOSSIL FUEL SMOKE(7,1)|GRID TOWER(7,1)|LIGHT ENERGY(7,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(7,1)|ORIFICE TOWER(7,1)|RADICAL REFORM(7,1)|REGULAR PACKING(7,1)|ROTARY ATOMIZER(7,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(7,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CAPTURE(7,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION LAW(7,1)|TIDE RISE(7,1)|WAVE POWER PLANT(7,1)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON TRAPPING(6,5)|ALTITUDE(6,2)|BOILER(6,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(6,2)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(6,2)|COASTAL THERMAL POWER PLANT(6,2)|DISSOLVE CARBON DIOXIDE(6,2)|DRAINING WATER(6,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL CONNECTION(6,2)|MEPC(6,2)|TECHNICAL MEASURE(6,2)|WATER CATCHER(6,2)|KINETIC ENERGY(5,4)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(5,3)|MARINE VESSEL(5,3)|PRODUCING CARBON CAPTURE(5,3)|BICARBONATE ION(5,1)|CARBON CATCHER CONSTRUCTION(5,1)|DAC PROCESS COMPREHENSIVE DEPLOYMENT(5,1)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(5,1)|EMITTING NEGATIVE(5,1)|EMPTY SITE(5,1)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(5,1)|KEY PROP(5,1)|MEET REGULATION(5,1)|OCEAN CURRENT DIFFUSION(5,1)|OPEN DESIGN(5,1)|ORGANIC WOVEN FILM(5,1)|PH REGULATOR(5,1)|PRACTICABLE EXTENT(5,1)|REDUCING CLIMATE(5,1)|REMOVING PURIFIED EXHAUST(5,1)|ROUTING TECHNOLOGY(5,1)|SCALE CHALLENGE(5,1)|SEA DOOR(5,1)|SEAWATER DESIGN(5,1)|SEAWATER MAIN PIPE(5,1)|SEAWATER RATIO(5,1)|SHIP CARBON EMISSION(5,1)|SILENCER(5,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(5,1)|WATER DRAINAGE DEPTH(5,1)|WATER OCEAN(5,1)|ABSORB COMPONENT(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ANNUAL(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON CONTENT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CAPTURE(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SOLUBILITY(4,1)|CARBON REDUCTION WINDMILL(4,1)|CARBON SINK RESOURCE(4,1)|COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS(4,1)||(CN119113720)|SEA(100,30)|SEALING(100,10)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON(100,6)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON TRAPPING(100,6)|SEA SHIP(100,2)|SEA SHIP SEAWATER(100,2)|FOSSIL ENERGY OCEAN FACILITY(64,3)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(63,3)|OCEAN SHIP(55,2)|INJECTED SEAWATER PH(51,1)|ENERGY OCEAN FACILITY(47,3)|SEAWATER PUMP REGULATION(46,3)|INTERNATIONAL OCEAN CONVENTION(44,2)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(44,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION(44,1)|SEAWATER(40,76)|SEAWATER OUTLET(39,6)|SEAWATER DRAIN PIPE INLET(38,2)|VESSEL BURNER(38,2)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER WASH(38,1)|VESSEL SEABED DOOR(38,1)|MARINE VESSEL SEAWATER(36,3)|SEAWATER REGULATING PUMP INLET(36,1)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(30,1)|LIFTING ALTITUDE(30,1)|WASHED SEAWATER(29,9)|CAPTURING CARBON EMISSION(29,1)|SHIP HEAVY LOAD WATERLINE(28,1)|WASHING ABSORPTION(27,1)|INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING INDUSTRY(26,1)|SEA PLATFORM(25,6)|SEA SHIP GAS ENGINE(25,1)|SIGNIFICANCE(25,1)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(24,3)|ESCAPE CARBON EMISSION(24,1)|OCEAN NATURAL CARBON SINK(24,1)|VESSEL SEAWATER MAIN PIPE(24,1)|BULK PACKING(23,2)|CARBON TRAPPING(22,7)|WASHING SEAWATER OUTPUT(22,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN PIPE OUTLET(21,3)|CARBON CATCHER WATER DISTRIBUTOR(21,2)|FIXED CARBON(21,1)|HYDROCARBON ION MODE(21,1)|SEAL CARBON(20,1)|TRAPPING(20,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,8)|PH REGULATOR(19,2)|SEAWATER RATIO(19,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION(19,1)|CCS(18,5)|PACKING LAYER(18,5)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(18,2)|FUEL OIL TAIL GAS(18,1)|SEALING CARBON DIOXIDE(18,1)|OCEAN WATER(17,10)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PIPELINE(17,2)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(17,2)|WASTEWATER(17,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(16,91)|CARBON CAPTURE(16,31)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(16,8)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(16,5)|CARBON CAPTURE VESSEL(16,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(15,6)|PRODUCING CARBON CAPTURE(15,6)|SUNLIGHT(15,3)|FOSSIL FUEL GENERATION(14,2)|TYPE CARBON TRAPPING(14,2)|EXHAUST GAS WASHING(14,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(13,3)|PERIPHERAL SUPPORT(13,2)|VESSEL EXHAUST GAS(13,1)|METER(12,6)|COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS(12,2)|FLOW ADJUSTABLE SEAWATER PUMP(12,1)|STRUCTURED PACKING(11,2)|MARPO CONVENTION ANNEX(11,1)|ECONOMIC FEASIBLE SHIP CCS(10,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(9,17)|FINISHED PRODUCT(9,17)|EMISSION REDUCTION(9,3)|EXHAUST PIPE(9,2)|PORE(9,2)|SEAWATER TURBINE(9,2)|WATER INLET(9,2)|HEIGHT VALUE(9,1)|POWERING SEAWATER EXTRACTION(9,1)|WASH SEAWATER SPREADING(9,1)|WASHING SEAWATER CONTACT AREA(9,1)|PH CONTROL(8,6)|SEA AREA(8,5)|FILLER WASHING(8,3)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(8,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(8,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PIPELINE(8,2)|LIFTING SEAWATER(8,2)|PH VALUE(8,2)|GREEN LOW CARBON(8,1)|HYDROGENERATOR ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING(8,1)|WATER COLLECTOR(7,6)|NATURAL SEAWATER(7,2)|PACKED TOWER(7,2)|SEA VESSEL(7,2)|WINDPOWER(7,2)|CHILLED SEAWATER(7,1)|COASTAL COAL FIRED PLANT(7,1)|FLOATING OCEAN PLATFORM(7,1)|IPCC INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH(7,1)|MOBILE OCEAN PLATFORM(7,1)|NATURAL STATE(7,1)|OCEAN FLOWING SEAWATER(7,1)|SCRUBBER SEAWATER(7,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CATCHING(7,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(7,1)|WASHING SEAWATER ABSORPTION(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE GAS(6,11)|SEA LEVEL(6,9)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(6,3)|ALTITUDE REFERENCE(6,1)|IEA ORGANIZATION(6,1)|ONSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(6,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(6,1)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAPPING(6,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION PUMP(6,1)|SEAWATER REGULATOR PUMP(6,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(6,1)|WASHED SEAWATER ELEVATION(6,1)|CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE(5,4)|FILLER LAYER(5,4)|SEABED(5,4)|WASH WATER(5,4)|WATER DISCHARGE(5,4)|DISSOLUTION(5,3)|TIDE LEVEL(5,3)|COASTAL GAS(5,2)|DRY FILLER(5,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(5,2)|SEA CARBON SEALING(5,2)|CARBON TRAP SEAWATER OUTLET(5,1)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(5,1)|FACTORY YEAR(5,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION EXHAUST(5,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING SULFUR LIMITING(5,1)|INLET SEAWATER PH(5,1)|LARGE SCALE EMISSION REDUCTION(5,1)|LOW CARBON EMISSION(5,1)|MARITIME REGULATION STANDARD(5,1)|OCEAN DRAINAGE(5,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(5,1)|PACKING WASHING MEASURE(5,1)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE CONTAINMENT(5,1)|SEAWATER INTRODUCING EQUIPMENT(5,1)|SHIP NAVIGATION(5,1)|SHIP TRAVEL(5,1)|VENTURI TOWER(5,1)|VESSEL HEAVY LOAD LINE(5,1)|WASH SEAWATER ELEVATION HEIGHT(5,1)|WATER INTAKE POSITION(5,1)|BOILER(4,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(4,2)|CARBON SINK RESOURCE(4,2)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(4,2)|COASTAL THERMAL POWER PLANT(4,2)|DISSOLVE CARBON DIOXIDE(4,2)|DRAINING WATER(4,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL CONNECTION(4,2)|MEPC(4,2)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(4,2)|TECHNICAL MEASURE(4,2)|WATER CATCHER(4,2)|ADOPTED PACKING(4,1)|AVERAGE TIDE FALL(4,1)|BULK FILLER(4,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(4,1)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(4,1)|EXHAUST DRUM(4,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(4,1)|FOSSIL FUEL BURNER(4,1)|GRID TOWER(4,1)|LOW CARBON(4,1)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|MARINE FOSSIL FUEL(4,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|ORIFICE TOWER(4,1)|REGULAR PACKING(4,1)|ROTARY ATOMIZER(4,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(4,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CAPTURE(4,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION LAW(4,1)|TIDE RISE(4,1)|KINETIC ENERGY(3,4)|LARGE SEAWATER(3,3)|BICARBONATE ION(3,1)|CARBON CATCHER CONSTRUCTION(3,1)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(3,1)|EMPTY SITE(3,1)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(3,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(3,1)|MEET REGULATION(3,1)|OCEAN CURRENT DIFFUSION(3,1)|ORGANIC WOVEN FILM(3,1)|REMOVING PURIFIED EXHAUST(3,1)|SEA DOOR(3,1)|SEAWATER DESIGN(3,1)|SHIP CARBON EMISSION(3,1)|SILENCER(3,1)|WATER DRAINAGE DEPTH(3,1)|WATER OCEAN(3,1)|ABSORB COMPONENT(2,1)|ADDITIVE(2,1)|ANNUAL(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON CONTENT(2,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CAPTURE(2,1)|BLANK(2,1)|BUBBLER(2,1)||(CN119113719)|SEAWATER(100,46)|CARBON(100,15)|CARBON TRAPPING(100,9)|SEALING(100,5)|OCEAN DACCS(81,2)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION PLANT(76,2)|POWERING SEAWATER EXTRACTION(67,1)|OCEAN NEGATIVE EMISSION(64,1)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER WASH(57,1)|REALIZING NEGATIVE EMISSION(57,1)|LIU DEWU PHYSICAL FOOTPRINT(56,1)|NEGATIVE EMISSION CLIMATE(48,1)|ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL FOOTPRINT(47,1)|NATURAL SEA(47,1)|WASHED SEAWATER(42,4)|NATURAL OCEAN CARBON SINK(42,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(41,3)|NATURAL WIND(38,1)|CARBON CATCHER(35,20)|FEASIBILITY(34,1)|SEAWATER AIR CARBON CAPTURE(33,3)|SEAWATER AIR(32,4)|KINETIC ENERGY TRANSFER(32,2)|SEAWATER DRAIN(31,2)|SEQUESTRATION(31,2)|CLIMATE SLOWING DOWN(31,1)|DEEP SEA(30,2)|TRAPPING(27,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(26,8)|CLIMATE(25,2)|SEALING CARBON DIOXIDE(25,1)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(23,2)|CONTAINMENT(20,2)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(20,2)|WINDPOWER GENERATOR(20,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(19,37)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(18,3)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(17,5)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR(17,4)|ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT SOLUTION(17,1)|WATER COLLECTOR(16,5)|HYDROELECTRIC GENERATOR(16,3)|SUNLIGHT(15,3)|CARBON CAPTURE(14,13)|BICARBONATE ION(13,6)|BLOWER(13,4)|CARBON EMISSION(13,2)|SOLAR POWER PLANT(13,2)|WASH SEAWATER SPREADING(13,1)|FINISHED PRODUCT(12,12)|NATURAL ENERGY SOURCE(12,3)|ELECTRICAL MOTOR(11,3)|ATMOSPHERIC PIPELINE(11,2)|PHYSICS AMERICAN SOCIETY(11,1)|CARBON SINK(10,4)|FOSSIL ENERGY OCEAN FACILITY(10,1)|IPCC INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH(10,1)|MOBILE OCEAN PLATFORM(10,1)|REALIZING CLIMATE TARGET(10,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION SCALE(9,2)|HYDRAULICALLY DRIVEN SEAWATER(9,1)|ONSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(9,1)|PNEUMATIC DEVICE(7,11)|NATURAL STATE(7,5)|REGENERATION(7,2)|CONVEYING SEAWATER(7,1)|DAC TECHNOLOGY ROUTE(7,1)|DACCS TECHNOLOGY ROUTE(7,1)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER(7,1)|FUNDAMENTAL DEFECT(7,1)|IEA ORGANIZATION(7,1)|ONLY NATURAL SEAWATER(7,1)|SEA PLATFORM(7,1)|VENTURI TOWER(7,1)|CARBON REDUCTION WINDMILL(6,3)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(6,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(6,1)|FOSSIL FUEL SMOKE(6,1)|GRID TOWER(6,1)|LIGHT ENERGY(6,1)|NONBIOLOGICAL FACTOR(6,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(6,1)|OCEAN PERMANENT CARBON SEALING(6,1)|ORIFICE TOWER(6,1)|PACKED TOWER(6,1)|RADICAL REFORM(6,1)|ROTARY ATOMIZER(6,1)|SCRUBBED SEAWATER DIRECT INJECTION(6,1)|SEA VESSEL(6,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(6,1)|WASH DRAIN PH(6,1)|WAVE POWER PLANT(6,1)|KINETIC ENERGY(5,4)|DISSOLVE CARBON DIOXIDE(5,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL CONNECTION(5,2)|SEABED(5,2)|CONTAINING CARBON CAPTURE(5,1)|DAC PROCESS COMPREHENSIVE DEPLOYMENT(5,1)|DRAINING WASH(5,1)|EMITTING NEGATIVE(5,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(5,1)|KEY PROP(5,1)|MARINE CARBON SINK(5,1)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(5,1)|OFF SHORE POWER GENERATION(5,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(5,1)|OPEN DESIGN(5,1)|PRACTICABLE EXTENT(5,1)|REDUCING CLIMATE(5,1)|ROUTING TECHNOLOGY(5,1)|SCALE CHALLENGE(5,1)|SCRUBBER(5,1)|SEAWATER DESIGN(5,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN PIPE(5,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON CAPTURE(5,1)||(CN118904027)|SEAWATER(100,73)|SEALING(100,16)|CARBON TRAPPING(100,5)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON(100,4)|SUBSEA GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(70,1)|INTERNATIONAL OCEAN CONVENTION(54,1)|INJECTED SEAWATER PH(53,1)|EXTRACTION SEAWATER SCRUBBER(52,1)|SEAWATER PUMP REGULATION(47,3)|SEAWATER INJECTION(45,1)|DEMONSTRATION PROJECT(44,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION PLANT(40,1)|WASHING SEAWATER LIFTING HEIGHT(38,1)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(37,5)|SEAWATER REGULATING PUMP INLET(37,1)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER(34,7)|CARBON ABATEMENT(34,1)|EST(32,10)|METALLURGY(31,2)|WASHED SEAWATER(30,9)|CAPTURING CARBON EMISSION(30,1)|CONVERTING FOSSIL ENERGY(30,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION STATE(29,1)|EXHAUST FUNNEL(28,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(27,10)|MARINE NATURAL CARBON(27,1)|WASHING FOSSIL FUEL(27,1)|OCEAN CARBON(26,4)|COASTAL THERMAL POWER(26,1)|SIGNIFICANCE(26,1)|ESCAPE CARBON EMISSION(25,1)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(24,3)|BULK PACKING(24,2)|CARBON CAPTURE(23,39)|FOSSIL FUEL BURNER(23,2)|MARINE CARBON SEALING(23,2)|PH REGULATOR(23,1)|WASHING SEAWATER OUTPUT(23,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(22,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN PIPE OUTLET(21,3)|HYDROCARBON ION MODE(21,1)|SEAL CARBON(21,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION(20,1)|LIFT HEIGHT(20,1)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(20,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(19,96)|FOSSIL FUEL(19,13)|CARBON SEALING(18,4)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(18,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATION(18,2)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(18,2)|CARBON CAPTURE COST(18,1)|EXHAUST FLUE GAS(18,1)|REDUCING CLIMATE CHANGE DESIRE(17,1)|COASTAL POWER STATION(16,1)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(16,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(15,7)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PIPELINE(15,3)|SUNLIGHT(15,3)|CARBON CATCHER FINISHED PRODUCT(15,1)|LARGE SEAWATER(14,4)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(14,3)|CCS(14,2)|CHEMICAL INDUSTRY(14,2)|CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE(13,5)|PACKING LAYER(13,4)|ALTITUDE(13,3)|PERIPHERAL SUPPORT(13,2)|CARBON CAPTURE FINISHED PRODUCT(12,10)|METER(12,6)|PRODUCING CARBON CAPTURE(12,5)|SEA PLATFORM(12,4)|WATER DISCHARGE(12,4)|ORIFICE PLATE PACKING(12,2)|APPENDIX MARPO CONVENTION(12,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE REDUCTION(12,1)|MARPO CONVENTION ANNEX(12,1)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(11,18)|FOSSIL FUEL EST COAL(11,2)|STRUCTURED PACKING(11,2)|UNITED NATIONS CLIMATE SPECIALIZATION(11,1)|BURNER EST(10,2)|CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION(10,2)|POWERING SEAWATER EXTRACTION(10,1)|WASH SEAWATER SPREADING(10,1)|FINISHED PRODUCT(9,17)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON TRAPPING(9,8)|HYDROGENERATOR ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING(9,1)|EXHAUST GAS(8,24)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HEIGHT(8,7)|PH CONTROL(8,5)|SEA AREA(8,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(8,4)|FILLER WASHING(8,3)|SEAWATER BOOSTER PUMP(8,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION(8,2)|CLEAN ENERGY(8,2)|LIFTING SEAWATER(8,2)|PH VALUE(8,2)|SHIP NAVIGATION(8,2)|CHILLED SEAWATER(8,1)|FLOATING OCEAN PLATFORM(8,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY OCEAN FACILITY(8,1)|MOBILE OCEAN PLATFORM(8,1)|OCEAN FLOWING SEAWATER(8,1)|SCRUBBER SEAWATER(8,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CATCHING(8,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(8,1)|WASHING SEAWATER ABSORPTION(8,1)|OCEAN WATER(7,8)|WATER COLLECTOR(7,6)|BICARBONATE ION(7,3)|NATURAL SEAWATER(7,2)|PACKED TOWER(7,2)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,2)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON CAPTURE(7,2)|WINDPOWER(7,2)|ANNUAL TRAPPING(7,1)|BOILER TURBINE(7,1)|CARBON CATCHER SEAWATER OUTLET(7,1)|GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION SOLUTION(7,1)|IEA ORGANIZATION(7,1)|ONSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(7,1)|SEAWATER CARBON TRAPPING(7,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION PUMP(7,1)|SEQUESTRATION OCEAN STORAGE(7,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(7,1)|WASHED SEAWATER ELEVATION(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE GAS(6,11)|COASTAL THERMAL POWER PLANT(6,4)|FILLER LAYER(6,4)|SEABED(6,4)|NATURAL STATE(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PIPELINE(6,1)|DISCHARGING EXHAUST PURIFICATION(6,1)|EARTH RESERVE(6,1)|FACTORY YEAR(6,1)|GREEN LOW CARBON(6,1)|INLET SEAWATER PH(6,1)|LOW CARBON EMISSION(6,1)|OCEAN DRAINAGE(6,1)|OCEAN INJECTION SITE(6,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(6,1)|OCEAN SEQUESTRATION SOLUTION(6,1)|PACKING WASHING MEASURE(6,1)|SEA DRAINAGE(6,1)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE CONTAINMENT(6,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|VENTURI TOWER(6,1)|WASH SEAWATER ELEVATION HEIGHT(6,1)|WASH WATER(5,4)|DISSOLUTION(5,3)|TIDE LEVEL(5,3)|COASTAL GAS(5,2)|DRY FILLER(5,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(5,2)|OCEAN CURRENT DIFFUSION(5,2)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(5,2)|SEA CARBON SEALING(5,2)|AVERAGE TIDE FALL(5,1)|BULK FILLER(5,1)|CARBON CATCHER HEIGHT(5,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(5,1)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(5,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(5,1)|GRID TOWER(5,1)|MARINE SHIPPING INDUSTRY(5,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(5,1)|ORIFICE TOWER(5,1)|REGULAR PACKING(5,1)|ROTARY ATOMIZER(5,1)|RUNNING SHIP(5,1)|SEA VESSEL(5,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(5,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(5,1)|SEQUESTRATION SPECIAL REPORT(5,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION LAW(5,1)|TIDE RISE(5,1)|KINETIC ENERGY(4,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(4,2)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(4,2)|DENSE PHASE GAS(4,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL CONNECTION(4,2)|FOSSIL FUEL GENERATION(4,2)|MEPC(4,2)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(4,2)|TECHNICAL MEASURE(4,2)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(4,1)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(4,1)|EMPTY SITE(4,1)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|MEET REGULATION(4,1)|NORMAL PRESSURE(4,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(4,1)|OFF SHORE POWER GENERATION(4,1)|ORGANIC WOVEN FILM(4,1)|SEA DOOR(4,1)|SEAWATER MAIN PIPE(4,1)|SEAWATER RATIO(4,1)|SEAWATER WASHING DESULFURIZATION(4,1)|SHIP CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|WATER OCEAN(4,1)|WASTE GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(3,9)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(3,3)|ABSORB COMPONENT(3,1)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON CONTENT(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CAPTURE(3,1)|BUBBLER(3,1)||(CN113877368)|SEAWATER(100,86)|CARBON CAPTURE(100,48)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(100,4)|SEALING(100,3)|FOSSIL ENERGY MARINE FACILITY(100,2)|SEQUESTRATION(100,2)|CARBON TRAPPING(100,1)|SEQUESTRATION(81,20)|ENERGY MARINE FACILITY(73,2)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(65,7)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(62,1)|SCRUBBED SEAWATER(61,2)|SHIP NAVIGATION(60,4)|8M3CO OF2THE(59,1)|CARBON TRAP(55,32)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE SEQUESTRATION(51,4)|SEAWATER SOLUBLE CO2THE(51,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(49,6)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(49,4)|WASTE GAS2A(48,1)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(46,1)|WASHING SEAWATER(45,19)|BULK PACKING(44,2)|PUMPING SEAWATER(39,4)|PIPELINE(37,3)|SEAWATER SPRAY(34,1)|SOLID CO2THE INJECTION(34,1)|SEA(33,33)|WASH SEAWATER GENERATION(33,4)|OCEAN RESOURCE(33,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(32,21)|WASHING SEAWATER LIFTING HEIGHT(32,4)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(32,3)|SIGNIFICANCE(32,1)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(31,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(30,108)|OSLO PARIS(30,1)|CARBON CATCHER(29,23)|SEQUESTERING CARBON CAPTURE(29,10)|ATMOSPHERE EXHAUST GAS(28,1)|ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING(28,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(27,6)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER(27,2)|INSTITUTION(27,1)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(26,3)|PRESSURE3THE FRESH WATER(26,1)|PACKING LAYER(25,7)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(25,2)|DENSE PHASE(25,1)|MARINE(25,1)|SEAWATER OUTLET(24,2)|WASHED SEAWATER(23,5)|EXHAUST FUNNEL(23,3)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(23,2)|CARBON TRAP FINISHED PRODUCT(23,1)|EXPOSED MARINE LIFE(23,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(22,4)|SUNLIGHT(22,4)|DEFECT(22,1)|DUMPING(22,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATION(22,1)|HAWAII(22,1)|HYDROGENERATOR(22,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(21,13)|SCRUBBING(21,4)|OCEAN CURRENT DIFFUSION(21,3)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(21,2)|SEAWATER RATIO(21,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION(21,1)|MASSIVE CARBON DIOXIDE(21,1)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON CAPTURE(20,7)|CARBON SEALING(20,4)|WASTE GAS(19,31)|WATER COLLECTOR(19,10)|BEHAVIOR(19,1)|FINISHED CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(18,11)|STRUCTURED PACKING(18,3)|KINETIC ENERGY TRANSFER(18,1)|MARINE WATER(17,5)|LIFT HEIGHT(17,4)|PRODUCING CARBON CAPTURE(16,11)|OCEAN CURRENT(16,6)|OCEAN DEEP WATER(16,2)|EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION(16,1)|OCEAN RESULT(16,1)|EXHAUST GAS(15,21)|CARBON DIOXIDE GAS(15,12)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(15,3)|ALTITUDE(15,2)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION RESEARCH(15,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(15,1)|MASS REDUCTION(14,4)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(14,3)|PERIPHERAL SUPPORT(14,2)|SEA AREA LIMITATION(14,1)|SEA PLATFORM(13,4)|COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS(13,3)|COMPONENT REASON(13,2)|FOSSIL FUEL WASTE GAS(13,2)|METER(13,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL COST(13,1)|WIND GENERATOR(13,1)|OCEAN WATER(12,13)|CARBON CAPTURE FINISHED PRODUCT(12,12)|WASTE GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(11,9)|CLIMATE CHANGE(11,5)|MIDDLE LAYER(11,5)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(11,3)|SEA AREA(11,3)|INJECTION AREA(11,2)|PEOPLE LONG TERM DESIRE(11,2)|SEAWATER CONTROL PUMP(11,2)|EQUIPMENT SITE(11,1)|WATER DRIVE(11,1)|FINISHED PRODUCT(10,13)|MARPOL CONVENTION(10,2)|ZERO ENERGY CONSUMPTION CARBON(10,1)|CARBON EMISSION(9,5)|SEAWATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(9,3)|SEAWATER DRAIN PIPE OUTLET(9,3)|PH VALUE(9,2)|SEAWATER DRAIN PIPE END(9,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HEIGHT(8,7)|ELECTRICAL MOTOR(8,4)|FILLER WASHING(8,3)|COOLED SEAWATER(8,2)|SEAWATER DEPTH(8,2)|CO2DISSOLVED SEAWATER(8,1)|FLOATING OCEAN PLATFORM(8,1)|SEAWATER IMPORT PUMP(8,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CATCHING(8,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(8,1)|BULK FILLER(7,2)|INLET SEAWATER(7,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(7,2)|PACKED TOWER(7,2)|WINDPOWER(7,2)|CCS TEST DEMONSTRATION PROJECT(7,1)|COOLING DRAINAGE REUSE(7,1)|EARTH ENGINEERING THEORY(7,1)|ECONOMIC RATIONALITY(7,1)|IEA ORGANIZATION(7,1)|MARINE TANKER(7,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(7,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(7,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION PUMP(7,1)|SEA LEVEL(6,10)|PNEUMATIC DEVICE(6,9)|COASTAL THERMAL POWER PLANT(6,4)|SEABED(6,4)|BICARBONATE ION(6,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(6,2)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(6,2)|NATURAL STATE(6,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,2)|SEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,2)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(6,2)|WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(6,2)|END OUTLET(6,1)|GEOLOGICAL RESERVOIR(6,1)|IEA OCEAN STORAGE(6,1)|IS2THE PURIFICATION(6,1)|LAND FOSSIL ENERGY(6,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(6,1)|NORMAL PRESSURE(6,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(6,1)|POWER MEAN(6,1)|SEA DRAINAGE(6,1)|SEAWATER ELEVATION(6,1)|SEAWATER WATER DISTRIBUTOR(6,1)|SEAWATERTHE ELEVATION HEIGHT(6,1)|TESTING FIELD(6,1)|WASHING SEAWATER2TO(6,1)|WASTE GAS2THE(6,1)|PH CONTROL(5,5)|FILLER LAYER(5,3)|TIDE LEVEL(5,3)|SEALED CARBON DIOXIDE TON(5,2)|ABSORPTION TOWER(5,1)|ADOPTED PACKING(5,1)|APERTURED PLATE PACKING(5,1)|BOILER STEAM TURBINE(5,1)|CARBON CATCHER WATER DISTRIBUTOR(5,1)|DISSOLVED CO2THE(5,1)|DRAINAGE DEPTH(5,1)|EXHAUST EMISSION(5,1)|EXTRA SEAWATER(5,1)|FILLER DRY PACKING(5,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(5,1)|FOSSIL FUEL BURNER(5,1)|FUEL SULFUR(5,1)|GRID TOWER(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH(5,1)|MARINE SHIPPING INDUSTRY(5,1)|MEASURING TECHNOLOGY(5,1)|MOBILE OFFSHORE PLATFORM(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(5,1)|OIL DISPLACEMENT STIMULATION(5,1)|POWER PLANT2THE EMISSION(5,1)|ROTARY ATOMIZER(5,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION(5,1)|SEAWATER LIFTING ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(5,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(5,1)|SHIP HEAVY LOAD WATERLINE(5,1)|TIDE RISE(5,1)|WASHING DRAINAGE(5,1)|WIND CATCHING(5,1)|STEP D(4,5)|SURFACE LAYER(4,5)|HYDROELECTRIC GENERATOR(4,2)|MEPC(4,2)|SEA DEEP WATER(4,2)|TRANSPORTATION(4,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(4,1)|CARBON EMISSION EVASION(4,1)|CARBON ENTRAPMENT(4,1)|CARRYING OUT CARBON CAPTURE(4,1)|CO2THE YIELD(4,1)|COLLECTED ATMOSPHERE(4,1)|DIFFICULT EXPECTATION(4,1)|DILUTION TREATMENT(4,1)|DRY FILLER(4,1)|EMPTY SITE(4,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATION(4,1)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(4,1)|EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(4,1)|GRID MESH(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|LIFTING HEIGHT(4,1)|REGULAR FILLER(4,1)|SEA LIFT ELEVATION(4,1)|SEAWATER WASHING DESIGN(4,1)|SHIP CARBON(4,1)|SHIP CONSTRUCTION(4,1)|SILENCER(4,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION LAW(4,1)|VENTURI COLUMN(4,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(4,1)|STEP E(3,5)|DISCHARGING(3,3)|MARINE VESSEL(3,3)|8100NM3THE(3,1)|ABSORB COMPONENT(3,1)||(CN107485968)|SEAWATER(100,85)|SEALING(100,3)|FOSSIL ENERGY MARINE FACILITY(100,2)|CARBON TRAPPING(100,1)|SEQUESTRATION(76,19)|ENERGY MARINE FACILITY(73,2)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(65,7)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(62,1)|SHIP NAVIGATION(60,4)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE SEQUESTRATION(51,4)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(49,6)|ENHANCING SEQUESTRATION(48,1)|POWERING SEAWATER EXTRACTION(46,2)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(46,1)|WASHING SEAWATER(45,19)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(42,4)|PUMPING SEAWATER(39,4)|CARBON CAPTURE(37,48)|SEAWATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(34,4)|SEA(33,32)|WASH SEAWATER GENERATION(33,4)|OCEAN RESOURCE(33,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PIPELINE(33,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(32,21)|WASHING SEAWATER LIFTING HEIGHT(32,4)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(32,3)|SEQUESTRATION(32,2)|CAPTURING CARBON EMISSION(32,1)|SIGNIFICANCE(32,1)|BULK PACKING(31,1)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(31,1)|OSLO PARIS(30,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(29,105)|CARBON CATCHER(29,23)|SEQUESTERING CARBON CAPTURE(29,10)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(29,3)|WASHING FOSSIL FUEL(29,1)|ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING(28,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(27,6)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER(27,2)|INSTITUTION(27,1)|INTRODUCING SEAWATER(26,3)|KINETIC ENERGY TRANSFER(26,2)|PRESSURE3THE FRESH WATER(26,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(25,2)|DENSE PHASE(25,1)|MARINE(25,1)|EXHAUST FUNNEL(23,3)|EXPOSED MARINE LIFE(23,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(22,4)|SEAWATER DRAIN PIPE OUTLET(22,4)|SUNLIGHT(22,4)|8M3CO(22,1)|DEFECT(22,1)|DUMPING(22,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATION(22,1)|HAWAII(22,1)|HYDROGENERATOR(22,1)|OCEAN CURRENT DIFFUSION(21,3)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(21,2)|SEAWATER RATIO(21,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION(21,1)|MASSIVE CARBON DIOXIDE(21,1)|WASTE GAS(20,32)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON CAPTURE(20,7)|CARBON SEALING(20,4)|WATER COLLECTOR(19,10)|PACKING LAYER(19,6)|BEHAVIOR(19,1)|PRODUCING CARBON CAPTURE(18,12)|FINISHED CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(18,11)|LIFT HEIGHT(17,4)|OCEAN CURRENT(16,6)|OCEAN DEEP WATER(16,2)|SEAWATER OUTPUT PORT(16,2)|COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS GENERATION(16,1)|EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION(16,1)|OCEAN RESULT(16,1)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(16,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE GAS(15,12)|OCEAN CURRENT WAVE(15,3)|SCRUBBED EXHAUST GAS(15,3)|ALTITUDE(15,2)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION RESEARCH(15,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(15,1)|CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE(14,4)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(14,4)|MASS REDUCTION(14,4)|PERIPHERAL SUPPORT(14,2)|SEA AREA LIMITATION(14,1)|SEAWATER CONTROL PUMP(14,1)|SEA PLATFORM(13,4)|METER(13,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL COST(13,1)|WIND GENERATOR(13,1)|CARBON CAPTURE FINISHED PRODUCT(12,12)|WASHED SEAWATER(12,5)|STRUCTURED PACKING(12,2)|WASTE GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(11,9)|CLIMATE CHANGE(11,5)|MIDDLE LAYER(11,5)|SEA AREA(11,3)|INJECTION AREA(11,2)|REALIZING LONG TERM DESIRE(11,2)|EQUIPMENT SITE(11,1)|WATER DRIVE(11,1)|FINISHED PRODUCT(10,13)|MARPOL CONVENTION(10,2)|ZERO ENERGY CONSUMPTION CARBON(10,1)|PH VALUE(9,2)|COST BENEFIT(9,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HEIGHT(8,7)|ELECTRICAL MOTOR(8,4)|FILLER WASHING(8,3)|COOLED SEAWATER(8,2)|SEAWATER DEPTH(8,2)|FLOATING OCEAN PLATFORM(8,1)|SEAWATER IMPORT PUMP(8,1)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON CATCHING(8,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(8,1)|BULK FILLER(7,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(7,2)|PACKED TOWER(7,2)|WINDPOWER(7,2)|COOLING DRAINAGE REUSE(7,1)|EARTH ENGINEERING THEORY(7,1)|ECONOMIC RATIONALITY(7,1)|IEA ORGANIZATION(7,1)|MARINE TANKER(7,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(7,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(7,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION PUMP(7,1)|STEP CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(7,1)|SEA LEVEL(6,10)|PNEUMATIC DEVICE(6,9)|COASTAL THERMAL POWER PLANT(6,4)|MARINE WATER(6,4)|SEABED(6,4)|ATMOSPHERIC AIR(6,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(6,2)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(6,2)|NATURAL STATE(6,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,2)|SEA CARBON SEQUESTRATION(6,2)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(6,2)|WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(6,2)|DEMONSTRATION PROJECT(6,1)|GEOLOGICAL RESERVOIR(6,1)|IEA OCEAN STORAGE(6,1)|INLET SEAWATER PH(6,1)|LAND FOSSIL ENERGY(6,1)|LIFTING SEAWATER(6,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(6,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(6,1)|POWER MEAN(6,1)|REFLECTEDTHE BENEFIT(6,1)|SEA DRAINAGE(6,1)|SEAWATER WATER DISTRIBUTOR(6,1)|TESTING FIELD(6,1)|PH CONTROL(5,5)|FILLER LAYER(5,3)|TIDE LEVEL(5,3)|SEALED CARBON DIOXIDE TON(5,2)|ABSORPTION TOWER(5,1)|ADOPTED PACKING(5,1)|APERTURED PLATE PACKING(5,1)|BOILER STEAM TURBINE(5,1)|CARBON CATCHER WATER DISTRIBUTOR(5,1)|DRAINAGE DEPTH(5,1)|EXHAUST EMISSION(5,1)|EXTRA SEAWATER(5,1)|FILLER DRY PACKING(5,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(5,1)|FOSSIL FUEL BURNER(5,1)|FUEL SULFUR(5,1)|GRID TOWER(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH(5,1)|MARINE SHIPPING INDUSTRY(5,1)|MEASURING TECHNOLOGY(5,1)|MOBILE OFFSHORE PLATFORM(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(5,1)|OIL DISPLACEMENT STIMULATION(5,1)|ROTARY ATOMIZER(5,1)|SEAWATER ELEVATION(5,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION(5,1)|SEAWATER LIFTING ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|SEAWATER OUTLET(5,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(5,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(5,1)|SHIP HEAVY LOAD WATERLINE(5,1)|TIDE RISE(5,1)|WASHING DRAINAGE(5,1)|WIND CATCHING(5,1)|STEP D(4,5)|SURFACE LAYER(4,5)|KINETIC ENERGY(4,4)|FOSSIL FUEL GENERATION(4,2)|HYDROELECTRIC GENERATOR(4,2)|MEPC(4,2)|SEA DEEP WATER(4,2)|TRANSPORTATION(4,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(4,1)|BICARBONATE ION(4,1)|CARBON EMISSION EVASION(4,1)|CARBON ENTRAPMENT(4,1)|CARRYING OUT CARBON CAPTURE(4,1)|COLLECTED ATMOSPHERE(4,1)|DIFFICULT EXPECTATION(4,1)|DILUTION TREATMENT(4,1)|DRY FILLER(4,1)|EMPTY SITE(4,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATION(4,1)|EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION(4,1)|EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(4,1)|GRID MESH(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|REGULAR FILLER(4,1)|SEAWATER WASHING DESIGN(4,1)|SHIP CARBON(4,1)|SHIP CONSTRUCTION(4,1)|SILENCER(4,1)|SULFUR REDUCTION LAW(4,1)|VENTURI COLUMN(4,1)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR HORIZONTAL CENTERLINE(4,1)|STEP E(3,5)|DISCHARGING(3,3)|MARINE VESSEL(3,3)|8100NM3THE(3,1)|ABSORB COMPONENT(3,1)||(CA3025952)|STORAGE(100,33)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,12)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,6)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(99,36)|SEAWATER(80,101)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(70,1)|SHIP NAVIGATION(59,8)|CARBON CAPTURE(54,116)|MARINE FACILITY(53,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(51,11)|SEA(44,42)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(44,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(42,2)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(40,7)|PACKING(35,17)|CO2 INJECTION(35,1)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(34,22)|BURNER COOLING(34,2)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(34,2)|OM HEAD(34,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(33,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE(32,99)|OCEAN STORAGE(32,6)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(32,6)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(32,5)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(32,2)|FOSSIL FUEL(31,12)|SCRUBBING(31,11)|PACKING SCRUBBING(31,2)|FLUE GAS(30,66)|BURNER(30,15)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(29,7)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(29,6)|CARBON STORAGE(27,13)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(27,4)|ELECTROMOTOR(27,3)|BULK PACKING(25,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(25,3)|GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(24,3)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(24,3)|DISCHARGING(23,3)|REGULAR PACKING(23,3)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VALUE(23,3)|DISCHARGE PIPE(22,3)|NATURAL CONDITION(22,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(21,5)|DISCHARGING PIPE OUTLET(21,3)|DENSE GAS(20,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(19,10)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(18,3)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(18,3)|BOILER(18,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(17,1)|STEAM TURBINE(16,2)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(15,2)|OCEAN CURRENT(14,7)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(14,3)|CHIMNEY(14,3)|REGULATING WATER(14,3)|WATER COLUMN(13,33)|COAL(13,3)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(13,3)|SUNLIGHT(13,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(12,8)|STEP B SEAWATER(12,4)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(12,4)|GRILLE(12,3)|AFTER SCRUBBING SEAWATER(11,11)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(11,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(11,3)|GAS TURBINE(11,2)|MARPOL ANNEX(11,2)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(10,4)|SEA PLATFORM(10,3)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(9,19)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(9,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(9,2)|STEP FLUE GAS(9,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(8,17)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(8,5)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(8,4)|CARBON STORAGE LOCATION(8,2)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(8,2)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(8,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(8,1)|BICARBONATE ION(7,3)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(7,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(7,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(7,2)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(7,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(7,1)|CCS ART(7,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(7,1)|EL ECTROMOTOR(7,1)|OCEAN TANKER(7,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(7,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(7,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(7,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(7,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(7,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(7,1)|SEABED(6,4)|WORDING(6,4)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(6,2)|CO2 EMISSION(6,2)|CONTACT AREA(6,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(6,2)|CCS PROJECT(6,1)|CO2 DILUTION(6,1)|COASTAL PLANT(6,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(6,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(6,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(6,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(6,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(6,1)|OULET DEPTH(6,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(6,1)|PACKED SCRUBBING(6,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(6,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(6,1)|SPAR CONVENTION(6,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(6,1)|TINY IMPACT(6,1)|VENTURI TOWER(6,1)|WASHING TOWER(6,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(5,7)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(5,4)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(5,4)|STEP B(5,4)|FLOATING DOCK(5,3)|ABSORPTION TOWER(5,1)|BIG STUDY(5,1)|CAPTURING CO2(5,1)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(5,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(5,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(5,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(5,1)|FUEL SULFUR(5,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(5,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(5,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(5,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|RELEVANT LAW(5,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(5,1)|RUNNING SHIP(5,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(5,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(5,1)|SO2 EMISSION(5,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(5,1)|TRAY TOWER(5,1)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(4,4)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(4,2)|CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE(4,2)|CLECTROMOTOR(4,2)|DECREASING PH(4,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(4,1)|ANTIPARASITIC(4,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(4,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(4,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(4,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(4,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(4,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(4,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(4,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(4,1)|EXTRA CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(4,1)|INVENTI(4,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(4,1)|MUFFLER(4,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(4,1)|NORMAL PRESSURE(3,4)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(3,3)|SEA AREA(3,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(3,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(3,3)|TIDE(3,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(3,1)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(3,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(3,1)|BUBBLER(3,1)|CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(3,1)|CARBON CAPTURE EQUIPMENT(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION(3,1)||(CA3025952)|STORAGE(100,33)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,12)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,6)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(99,36)|SEAWATER(80,101)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(70,1)|SHIP NAVIGATION(59,8)|CARBON CAPTURE(54,116)|MARINE FACILITY(53,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(51,11)|SEA(44,42)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(44,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(42,2)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(40,7)|PACKING(35,17)|CO2 INJECTION(35,1)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(34,22)|BURNER COOLING(34,2)|BURNING FOSSIL FUEL(34,2)|OM HEAD(34,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(33,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE(32,99)|OCEAN STORAGE(32,6)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(32,6)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(32,5)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(32,2)|FOSSIL FUEL(31,12)|SCRUBBING(31,11)|PACKING SCRUBBING(31,2)|FLUE GAS(30,66)|BURNER(30,15)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(29,7)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(29,6)|CARBON STORAGE(27,13)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(27,4)|ELECTROMOTOR(27,3)|BULK PACKING(25,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(25,3)|GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(24,3)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(24,3)|DISCHARGING(23,3)|REGULAR PACKING(23,3)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VALUE(23,3)|DISCHARGE PIPE(22,3)|NATURAL CONDITION(22,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(21,5)|DISCHARGING PIPE OUTLET(21,3)|DENSE GAS(20,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(19,10)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(18,3)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(18,3)|BOILER(18,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(17,1)|STEAM TURBINE(16,2)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(15,2)|OCEAN CURRENT(14,7)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(14,3)|CHIMNEY(14,3)|REGULATING WATER(14,3)|WATER COLUMN(13,33)|COAL(13,3)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(13,3)|SUNLIGHT(13,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(12,8)|STEP B SEAWATER(12,4)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(12,4)|GRILLE(12,3)|AFTER SCRUBBING SEAWATER(11,11)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(11,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(11,3)|GAS TURBINE(11,2)|MARPOL ANNEX(11,2)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(10,4)|SEA PLATFORM(10,3)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(9,19)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(9,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(9,2)|STEP FLUE GAS(9,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(8,17)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(8,5)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(8,4)|CARBON STORAGE LOCATION(8,2)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(8,2)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(8,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(8,1)|BICARBONATE ION(7,3)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(7,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(7,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(7,2)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(7,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(7,1)|CCS ART(7,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(7,1)|EL ECTROMOTOR(7,1)|OCEAN TANKER(7,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(7,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(7,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(7,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(7,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(7,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(7,1)|SEABED(6,4)|WORDING(6,4)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(6,2)|CO2 EMISSION(6,2)|CONTACT AREA(6,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(6,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(6,2)|CCS PROJECT(6,1)|CO2 DILUTION(6,1)|COASTAL PLANT(6,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(6,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(6,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(6,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(6,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(6,1)|OULET DEPTH(6,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(6,1)|PACKED SCRUBBING(6,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(6,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(6,1)|SPAR CONVENTION(6,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(6,1)|TINY IMPACT(6,1)|VENTURI TOWER(6,1)|WASHING TOWER(6,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(5,7)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(5,4)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(5,4)|STEP B(5,4)|FLOATING DOCK(5,3)|ABSORPTION TOWER(5,1)|BIG STUDY(5,1)|CAPTURING CO2(5,1)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(5,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(5,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(5,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(5,1)|FUEL SULFUR(5,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(5,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(5,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(5,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|RELEVANT LAW(5,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(5,1)|RUNNING SHIP(5,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(5,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(5,1)|SO2 EMISSION(5,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(5,1)|TRAY TOWER(5,1)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(4,4)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(4,2)|CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE(4,2)|CLECTROMOTOR(4,2)|DECREASING PH(4,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(4,1)|ANTIPARASITIC(4,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(4,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(4,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(4,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(4,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(4,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(4,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(4,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(4,1)|EXTRA CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(4,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(4,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(4,1)|INVENTI(4,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(4,1)|MUFFLER(4,1)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(4,1)|NORMAL PRESSURE(3,4)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(3,3)|SEA AREA(3,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(3,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(3,3)|TIDE(3,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(3,1)|ADDITIVE(3,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(3,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(3,1)|BUBBLER(3,1)|CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE(3,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(3,1)|CARBON CAPTURE EQUIPMENT(3,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION(3,1)||(AU2017276466)|SEAWATER(100,102)|STORAGE(100,37)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,14)|EDITORIAL NOTE(100,1)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(90,1)|MARINE FACILITY(83,2)|SHIP NAVIGATION(75,8)|CARBON CAPTURE(66,117)|SEA(60,43)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(57,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(55,11)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(55,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(54,2)|GEOENGINEERING CONCEPT(54,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(51,7)|FOSSIL FUEL(49,15)|PACKING SCRUBBING(48,1)|SCRUBBING(46,13)|CO2 INJECTION(45,1)|BURNER COOLING(44,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(43,6)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(42,6)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(41,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(40,102)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(40,5)|BURNER(39,15)|FLUE GAS(37,66)|SUPPORTED SCRUBBING SEAWATER(37,11)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(37,7)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(37,6)|PACKING(36,17)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(35,22)|CARBON STORAGE(35,14)|INJECTED AREA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(34,1)|OCEAN STORAGE(33,6)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(33,5)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(33,2)|BULK PACKING(32,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(32,3)|OCEAN CURRENT FLOWING(32,1)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(31,3)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(31,2)|ELECTROMOTOR(30,6)|DISCHARGING PIPE(30,2)|DISCHARGING(29,3)|REGULAR PACKING(29,3)|NATURAL CONDITION(28,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(26,5)|DENSE GAS(26,2)|OM HEAD(26,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(25,10)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(25,6)|ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE(25,1)|BATHYPELAGIC ZONE(25,1)|BOILER(24,2)|EPIPELAGIC ZONE(24,1)|SEASHORE POWER PLANT(24,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(23,3)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(23,3)|GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(23,3)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(23,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(22,1)|INJECTION AREA(22,1)|STEAM TURBINE(21,2)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(19,2)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(18,3)|CHIMNEY(18,3)|REGULATING WATER(18,3)|COAL(17,3)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(17,3)|SUNLIGHT(17,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(16,8)|GRILLE(16,3)|WASTE GAS(16,2)|WATER COLUMN(15,33)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(15,5)|STEP B SEAWATER(15,4)|MASSIVE SCRUBBING SEAWATER(15,1)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(14,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(14,3)|SEA PLATFORM(14,3)|GAS TURBINE(14,2)|MARPOL ANNEX(14,2)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(12,20)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(12,4)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(12,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(12,2)|PACKED SCRUBBING(12,2)|PH CONTROL(12,2)|STEP FLUE GAS(12,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(11,17)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(11,4)|CARBON STORAGE LOCATION(11,2)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(11,2)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(11,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(10,5)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(10,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(10,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(10,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(10,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(10,1)|CCS ART(10,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(10,1)|OCEAN TANKER(10,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(10,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(10,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(10,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(10,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(10,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(10,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(10,1)|BICARBONATE ION(9,3)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(9,2)|SEABED(8,4)|WORDING(8,4)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(8,2)|CO2 EMISSION(8,2)|CONTACT AREA(8,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(8,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(8,2)|CCS PROJECT(8,1)|CO2 DILUTION(8,1)|COASTAL PLANT(8,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(8,1)|H2O H2CO(8,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(8,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(8,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(8,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(8,1)|OULET DEPTH(8,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(8,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(8,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(8,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(8,1)|TINY IMPACT(8,1)|VENTURI TOWER(8,1)|WASHING TOWER(8,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(7,7)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(7,4)|STEP B(7,4)|ABSORPTION TOWER(7,1)|BIG STUDY(7,1)|CAPTURED CO2(7,1)|CAPTURING CO2(7,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(7,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(7,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(7,1)|FUEL SULFUR(7,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(7,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(7,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(7,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(7,1)|PACKED TOWER(7,1)|RELEVANT LAW(7,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(7,1)|RUNNING SHIP(7,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(7,1)|SO2 EMISSION(7,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(7,1)|TRAY TOWER(7,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(6,5)|FLOATING DOCK(6,3)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(6,2)|CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE(6,2)|DECREASING PH(6,2)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(5,4)|AERATION TREATMENT(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(5,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(5,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(5,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(5,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(5,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(5,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(5,1)|EXTRA CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(5,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(5,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(5,1)|METER DEPTH(5,1)|MUFFLER(5,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(5,1)|STORAGE EFFECT(5,1)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(4,3)|SEA AREA(4,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(4,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(4,3)|TIDE(4,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)||(AU2017276466)|SEAWATER(100,102)|STORAGE(100,37)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,14)|EDITORIAL NOTE(100,1)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(90,1)|MARINE FACILITY(83,2)|SHIP NAVIGATION(75,8)|CARBON CAPTURE(66,117)|SEA(60,43)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(57,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(55,11)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(55,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(54,2)|GEOENGINEERING CONCEPT(54,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(51,7)|FOSSIL FUEL(49,15)|PACKING SCRUBBING(48,1)|SCRUBBING(46,13)|CO2 INJECTION(45,1)|BURNER COOLING(44,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(43,6)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(42,6)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(41,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(40,102)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(40,5)|BURNER(39,15)|FLUE GAS(37,66)|SUPPORTED SCRUBBING SEAWATER(37,11)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(37,7)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(37,6)|PACKING(36,17)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(35,22)|CARBON STORAGE(35,14)|INJECTED AREA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(34,1)|OCEAN STORAGE(33,6)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(33,5)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(33,2)|BULK PACKING(32,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(32,3)|OCEAN CURRENT FLOWING(32,1)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(31,3)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(31,2)|ELECTROMOTOR(30,6)|DISCHARGING PIPE(30,2)|DISCHARGING(29,3)|REGULAR PACKING(29,3)|NATURAL CONDITION(28,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(26,5)|DENSE GAS(26,2)|OM HEAD(26,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(25,10)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(25,6)|ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE(25,1)|BATHYPELAGIC ZONE(25,1)|BOILER(24,2)|EPIPELAGIC ZONE(24,1)|SEASHORE POWER PLANT(24,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(23,3)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(23,3)|GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(23,3)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(23,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(22,1)|INJECTION AREA(22,1)|STEAM TURBINE(21,2)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(19,2)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(18,3)|CHIMNEY(18,3)|REGULATING WATER(18,3)|COAL(17,3)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(17,3)|SUNLIGHT(17,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(16,8)|GRILLE(16,3)|WASTE GAS(16,2)|WATER COLUMN(15,33)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(15,5)|STEP B SEAWATER(15,4)|MASSIVE SCRUBBING SEAWATER(15,1)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(14,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(14,3)|SEA PLATFORM(14,3)|GAS TURBINE(14,2)|MARPOL ANNEX(14,2)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(12,20)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(12,4)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(12,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(12,2)|PACKED SCRUBBING(12,2)|PH CONTROL(12,2)|STEP FLUE GAS(12,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(11,17)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(11,4)|CARBON STORAGE LOCATION(11,2)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(11,2)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(11,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(10,5)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(10,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(10,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(10,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(10,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(10,1)|CCS ART(10,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(10,1)|OCEAN TANKER(10,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(10,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(10,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(10,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(10,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(10,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(10,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(10,1)|BICARBONATE ION(9,3)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(9,2)|SEABED(8,4)|WORDING(8,4)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(8,2)|CO2 EMISSION(8,2)|CONTACT AREA(8,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(8,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(8,2)|CCS PROJECT(8,1)|CO2 DILUTION(8,1)|COASTAL PLANT(8,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(8,1)|H2O H2CO(8,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(8,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(8,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(8,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(8,1)|OULET DEPTH(8,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(8,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(8,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(8,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(8,1)|TINY IMPACT(8,1)|VENTURI TOWER(8,1)|WASHING TOWER(8,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(7,7)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(7,4)|STEP B(7,4)|ABSORPTION TOWER(7,1)|BIG STUDY(7,1)|CAPTURED CO2(7,1)|CAPTURING CO2(7,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(7,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(7,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(7,1)|FUEL SULFUR(7,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(7,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(7,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(7,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(7,1)|PACKED TOWER(7,1)|RELEVANT LAW(7,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(7,1)|RUNNING SHIP(7,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(7,1)|SO2 EMISSION(7,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(7,1)|TRAY TOWER(7,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(6,5)|FLOATING DOCK(6,3)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(6,2)|CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE(6,2)|DECREASING PH(6,2)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(5,4)|AERATION TREATMENT(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(5,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(5,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(5,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(5,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(5,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(5,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(5,1)|EXTRA CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(5,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(5,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(5,1)|METER DEPTH(5,1)|MUFFLER(5,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(5,1)|STORAGE EFFECT(5,1)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(4,3)|SEA AREA(4,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(4,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(4,3)|TIDE(4,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)||(AU2017276466)|SEAWATER(100,102)|STORAGE(100,37)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,14)|EDITORIAL NOTE(100,1)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(90,1)|MARINE FACILITY(83,2)|SHIP NAVIGATION(75,8)|CARBON CAPTURE(66,117)|SEA(60,43)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(57,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(55,11)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(55,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(54,2)|GEOENGINEERING CONCEPT(54,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(51,7)|FOSSIL FUEL(49,15)|PACKING SCRUBBING(48,1)|SCRUBBING(46,13)|CO2 INJECTION(45,1)|BURNER COOLING(44,2)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(43,6)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(42,6)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(41,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(40,102)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(40,5)|BURNER(39,15)|FLUE GAS(37,66)|SUPPORTED SCRUBBING SEAWATER(37,11)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(37,7)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(37,6)|PACKING(36,17)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(35,22)|CARBON STORAGE(35,14)|INJECTED AREA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(34,1)|OCEAN STORAGE(33,6)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(33,5)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(33,2)|BULK PACKING(32,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(32,3)|OCEAN CURRENT FLOWING(32,1)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(31,3)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(31,2)|ELECTROMOTOR(30,6)|DISCHARGING PIPE(30,2)|DISCHARGING(29,3)|REGULAR PACKING(29,3)|NATURAL CONDITION(28,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(26,5)|DENSE GAS(26,2)|OM HEAD(26,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(25,10)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(25,6)|ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE(25,1)|BATHYPELAGIC ZONE(25,1)|BOILER(24,2)|EPIPELAGIC ZONE(24,1)|SEASHORE POWER PLANT(24,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(23,3)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(23,3)|GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(23,3)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(23,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(22,1)|INJECTION AREA(22,1)|STEAM TURBINE(21,2)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(19,2)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(18,3)|CHIMNEY(18,3)|REGULATING WATER(18,3)|COAL(17,3)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(17,3)|SUNLIGHT(17,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(16,8)|GRILLE(16,3)|WASTE GAS(16,2)|WATER COLUMN(15,33)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(15,5)|STEP B SEAWATER(15,4)|MASSIVE SCRUBBING SEAWATER(15,1)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(14,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(14,3)|SEA PLATFORM(14,3)|GAS TURBINE(14,2)|MARPOL ANNEX(14,2)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(12,20)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(12,4)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(12,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(12,2)|PACKED SCRUBBING(12,2)|PH CONTROL(12,2)|STEP FLUE GAS(12,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(11,17)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(11,4)|CARBON STORAGE LOCATION(11,2)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(11,2)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(11,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(11,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(10,5)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(10,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(10,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(10,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(10,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(10,1)|CCS ART(10,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(10,1)|OCEAN TANKER(10,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(10,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(10,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(10,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(10,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(10,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(10,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(10,1)|BICARBONATE ION(9,3)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(9,2)|SEABED(8,4)|WORDING(8,4)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(8,2)|CO2 EMISSION(8,2)|CONTACT AREA(8,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(8,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(8,2)|CCS PROJECT(8,1)|CO2 DILUTION(8,1)|COASTAL PLANT(8,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(8,1)|H2O H2CO(8,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(8,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(8,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(8,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(8,1)|OULET DEPTH(8,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(8,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(8,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(8,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(8,1)|TINY IMPACT(8,1)|VENTURI TOWER(8,1)|WASHING TOWER(8,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(7,7)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(7,4)|STEP B(7,4)|ABSORPTION TOWER(7,1)|BIG STUDY(7,1)|CAPTURED CO2(7,1)|CAPTURING CO2(7,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(7,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(7,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(7,1)|FUEL SULFUR(7,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(7,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(7,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(7,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(7,1)|PACKED TOWER(7,1)|RELEVANT LAW(7,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(7,1)|RUNNING SHIP(7,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(7,1)|SO2 EMISSION(7,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(7,1)|TRAY TOWER(7,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(6,5)|FLOATING DOCK(6,3)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(6,2)|CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE(6,2)|DECREASING PH(6,2)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(5,4)|AERATION TREATMENT(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(5,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(5,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(5,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(5,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(5,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(5,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(5,1)|EXTRA CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(5,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(5,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(5,1)|METER DEPTH(5,1)|MUFFLER(5,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(5,1)|STORAGE EFFECT(5,1)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(4,3)|SEA AREA(4,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(4,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(4,3)|TIDE(4,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)||(IN382031)|STORAGE(100,36)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,14)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,6)|MARINE FACILITY(100,2)|MARINE IMMEDIATE DEATH(85,1)|SEAWATER(77,97)|SHIP NAVIGATION(65,8)|CARBON CAPTURE(55,116)|IMMEDIATE DEATH(54,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(53,1)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(51,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER CARBONATE(51,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(49,7)|PUMPING SEAWATER(46,11)|CARBON SINK MARINE ECOSYSTEM(44,1)|SEA(43,42)|CO2 INJECTION(43,1)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(41,6)|FOSSIL ENERGY(40,2)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(39,2)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(38,5)|OCEAN STORAGE(35,7)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(33,22)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(32,6)|INJECTED AREA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(32,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(31,15)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(31,2)|BULK PACKING(30,3)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(30,3)|PACKING(29,17)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(29,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE(28,100)|ELECTROMOTOR(28,6)|REGULAR PACKING(28,3)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(28,2)|DISCHARGE PIPE(27,3)|NATURAL CONDITION(27,1)|NEUTRALIZING(27,1)|RESERVOIR(27,1)|DISCHARGING PIPE OUTLET(26,3)|DENSE GAS(25,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(24,10)|FLUE GAS(23,65)|DISSOLVING CO2 GAS(23,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(22,3)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(22,3)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY(21,1)|INJECTION AREA(21,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(18,5)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(18,3)|GAS CARBON DIOXIDE(18,3)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(18,2)|CARBON STORAGE(17,12)|OCEAN CURRENT(17,7)|CHIMNEY(17,3)|REGULATING WATER(17,3)|WATER COLUMN(16,34)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(16,3)|SUNLIGHT(16,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(15,8)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(15,5)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(15,4)|GRILLE(15,3)|LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(14,3)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(14,3)|MASSIVE SCRUBBING SEAWATER(14,1)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(13,6)|SEA PLATFORM(13,3)|CARBON SINK(13,2)|MARPOL ANNEX(13,2)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(12,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE VOLUME(11,4)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(11,3)|OCEAN RESOURCE(11,2)|POWER TRANSMISSION(10,17)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(10,4)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(10,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(10,1)|AFTER SCRUBBING SEAWATER(9,11)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(9,5)|CLIMATE CHANGE(9,5)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(9,4)|BICARBONATE ION(9,3)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(9,2)|BURNER COOLING(9,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(9,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(9,1)|CCS ART(9,1)|OCEAN TANKER(9,1)|OFFSHORE FOSSIL ENERGY(9,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(9,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(9,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(9,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(9,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(9,1)|SEABED(8,4)|WORDING(8,4)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(8,2)|CCS PROJECT(8,1)|CO2 DILUTION(8,1)|COASTAL PLANT(8,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(8,1)|IEA OCEAN(8,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(8,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(8,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(8,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(8,1)|OULET DEPTH(8,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(8,1)|PACKED SCRUBBING(8,1)|PACKING SCRUBBING(8,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(8,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(8,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(8,1)|TINY IMPACT(8,1)|VENTURI TOWER(8,1)|WASHING TOWER(8,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(7,7)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(7,2)|CO2 EMISSION(7,2)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(7,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(7,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(7,2)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(6,4)|FLOATING DOCK(6,3)|ABSORPTION TOWER(6,1)|BIG STUDY(6,1)|CAPTURED CO2(6,1)|CAPTURING CO2(6,1)|CARBON CAPTURE SEAWATER OUTLET(6,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(6,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(6,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(6,1)|FUEL SULFUR(6,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(6,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(6,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(6,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(6,1)|PACKED TOWER(6,1)|RELEVANT LAW(6,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(6,1)|RUNNING SHIP(6,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(6,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(6,1)|SO2 EMISSION(6,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(6,1)|TRAY TOWER(6,1)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(5,4)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(5,2)|BOILER(5,2)|CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE(5,2)|DECREASING PH(5,2)|SEAWATER VALUE(5,2)|AERATION TREATMENT(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(5,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(5,1)|CARRYING OUT CARBON CAPTURE(5,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(5,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(5,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(5,1)|DRIVEN GENERATION FACILITY(5,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(5,1)|EXTRA CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(5,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(5,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(5,1)|LARGE WATER FLOW(5,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(5,1)|METER DEPTH(5,1)|MUFFLER(5,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(5,1)|SEA AREA(4,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(4,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(4,3)|TIDE(4,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)|CARBON CAPTURE EQUIPMENT(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SOLUBILITY(4,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORTATION(4,1)|CARBON REDUCTION WINDMILL(4,1)||(IN201827048980)|STORAGE(100,27)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,8)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(100,3)|MARINE FACILITY(91,1)|CARBON SINK MARINE ECOSYSTEM(68,1)|METHANEDIONE(64,65)|PUMPED SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(62,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER CARBONATE(61,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(59,99)|SHIP NAVIGATION(57,6)|PUMPING SEAWATER(55,11)|GAS METHANEDIONE(51,3)|ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(49,6)|FOSSIL ENERGY(48,2)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER VOLUME(46,5)|OCEAN STORAGE(43,7)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(42,2)|SEA(41,37)|RESERVOIR(40,1)|DISCHARGING PIPE OUTLET(39,2)|CARBON CAPTURE PRODUCT(37,22)|NATURAL ENGINEERING(37,2)|BULK PACKING(36,3)|SEAWATER OUTLET(36,2)|SEAWATER PUMP ADJUSTMENT(35,3)|ELECTROMOTOR(34,6)|REGULAR PACKING(33,3)|DISCHARGE PIPE(32,3)|METHANEDIONE VOLUME(32,3)|NEUTRALIZING(32,1)|METHANEDIONE TON(29,5)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING DESULFURIZATION(29,2)|WATER COLLECTOR(28,8)|COASTAL POWER PLANT(28,4)|HORIZONTAL CENTER(27,3)|DISSOLVING CO2 GAS(27,1)|FLUE GAS(25,53)|FOSSIL FUEL(21,9)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(21,5)|CARBON CAPTURE WATER DISTRIBUTOR(21,3)|CARBON CAPTURE PACKING LAYER(21,2)|CHIMNEY(21,2)|CARBON STORAGE(20,11)|OCEAN CURRENT(20,7)|REGULATING WATER(20,3)|CARBON SINK(20,2)|PERFORATED PLATE PACKING(19,3)|SUNLIGHT(19,3)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(18,8)|ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION(18,5)|WATER DISTRIBUTOR ALTITUDE(18,4)|GRILLE(18,3)|WATER COLUMN(17,33)|PUMPING SEAWATER HEAD(16,3)|MARPOL ANNEX(16,2)|SEA PLATFORM(15,3)|SCRUBBED FLUE GAS(14,5)|CLIMATE CHANGE(14,4)|WATER DRIVEN GENERATOR(14,4)|PUMPING SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(14,3)|EXTRA METHANEDIONE ABSORPTION(14,1)|POWER TRANSMISSION(13,17)|DRY PACKING FACTOR(13,4)|CONCENTRATION CAPTURED METHANEDIONE(13,1)|METHANEDIONE DISSOLUTION(13,1)|METHANEDIONE TRANSPORTATION(13,1)|OCEAN MOVEABLE PLATFORM(13,1)|SUBMARINE OILFIELD(13,1)|AFTER SCRUBBING SEAWATER(11,11)|ADJUSTABLE ALTITUDE(11,2)|COOLING SEAWATER(11,2)|ADOPT TECHNICAL STRATEGY(11,1)|CO2 IEA OCEAN STORAGE(11,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(11,1)|METHANEDIONE SOLUBILITY(11,1)|OCEAN TANKER(11,1)|OSPAR CONVENTION(11,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER HEAD(11,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION(11,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGING(11,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP(11,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(11,1)|OCEAN DEEP LAYER(10,2)|SEABED(9,4)|WORDING(9,4)|BICARBONATE ION(9,3)|CARBON EMISSION ESCAPE(9,2)|CO2 EMISSION(9,2)|CONSECUTIVE REACTION(9,2)|LIQUID METHANEDIONE(9,2)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(9,2)|SCRUBBING COURSE(9,2)|CCS PROJECT(9,1)|CO2 DILUTION(9,1)|COASTAL PLANT(9,1)|GROUND RESERVOIR(9,1)|MARINE DRAINAGE(9,1)|NATURALLY ABSORBING CO2(9,1)|OCEAN CARBON RESERVOIR(9,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE(9,1)|OCEAN SHIPPING(9,1)|OULET DEPTH(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBER(9,1)|PACKED SCRUBBING(9,1)|PACKING SCRUBBING(9,1)|SEAWATER DUCT(9,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT(9,1)|STUDY CONCLUSION(9,1)|TINY IMPACT(9,1)|VENTURI TOWER(9,1)|WASHING TOWER(9,1)|MIDDLE LAYER(8,7)|MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION(8,4)|ABSORPTION TOWER(8,1)|BIG STUDY(8,1)|BURNER COOLING(8,1)|CAPTURING CO2(8,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(8,1)|ENHANCE ABSORBANCE(8,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(8,1)|FUEL SULFUR(8,1)|GLOBAL SHIPPING(8,1)|HARMFUL IMPACT(8,1)|LOAD WATERLINE(8,1)|METHANEDIONE CAPTURE ENERGY CONSUMPTION(8,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(8,1)|OCEAN CAPTURE(8,1)|PACKED TOWER(8,1)|RELEVANT LAW(8,1)|ROTARY SPRAYER(8,1)|RUNNING SHIP(8,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(8,1)|SEAWATER FLOW(8,1)|SO2 EMISSION(8,1)|SPRAY INJECTOR(8,1)|TRAY TOWER(8,1)|DIRECT AIR CAPTURE(7,3)|FLOATING DOCK(7,3)|GENERATING FLUE GAS(6,4)|ATMOSPHERE STORAGE(6,2)|DECREASING PH(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONTENT(6,1)|CARBON CAPTURE ALTITUDE(6,1)|CARRYING OUT CARBON CAPTURE(6,1)|CCS ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,1)|CONCENTRATED CO2(6,1)|CONCENTRATION PROJECT(6,1)|DEPRECIATION COST(6,1)|EARTH SCIENCE THEORY(6,1)|GETTING ENERGY(6,1)|HOLLOW SPRAY TOWER(6,1)|INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH(6,1)|LARGE WATER FLOW(6,1)|MEMBRANE PIPE(6,1)|METER DEPTH(6,1)|MUFFLER(6,1)|OFFSHORE WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(6,1)|SEA AREA(5,3)|SEAWATER INCREASED TEMPERATURE(5,3)|SULFUR DIOXIDE(5,3)|TIDE(5,3)|ADDED SEAWATER(4,1)|ADDITIVE(4,1)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(4,1)|BOILER(4,1)|BUBBLER(4,1)|CAPTURING WIND ENERGY(4,1)|CARBON CAPTURE EQUIPMENT(4,1)| | (EP3470131)|1. A process of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising steps of:| 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide of the gas is absorbed; and| 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean to realize ocean storage.|2. The process of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the product of carbon capture is discharged into the water column of ocean under normal pressure through a pipe.|3. The process of claim 1, wherein the process further comprises adjusting a ratio of volume of the seawater to volume of carbon dioxide in the product of carbon capture to adjust pH value of the product of carbon capture discharged into the ocean.|4. The process of claim 1, wherein the gas containing carbon dioxide in step 1) is atmosphere, and the seawater for scrubbing is pumped with power provided by wind, and/or wave of ocean current, and/or sunlight.|5. The process of claim 1, wherein the gas containing carbon dioxide is flue gas discharged from burning of fossil fuel.|6. The process of claim 5, wherein the process further comprises the steps that at least 10%, or 20%, or 50%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed into the scrubbing seawater and then is discharged into the water column of ocean, and a volume of the scrubbing seawater is configured to be enough to absorb at least 10%, or 20%, or 50%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of the carbon dioxide of the flue gas.|7. The process of claim 5, wherein the process further comprises the step that the seawater is pumped to a head of no more than 50m, or 40m, or 30m, or 20m, or 19m, or 15m, or 12m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 2m, or 1m to scrub the flue gas containing carbon dioxide, wherein the head of 0m is a level of ocean where the scrubbing seawater is pumped.|8. The process of claim 5, wherein the process further comprises providing packings and performing the scrubbing in the packings and configuring a head of the pumped scrubbing seawater so that an energy consumption of the carbon capture is no more than 1000MJ/t, or 500 MJ/t, or 400 MJ/t, or 350 MJ/t, or 300 MJ/t, or 250 MJ/t, or 200 MJ/t, or 150 MJ/t, or 100 MJ/t, or 60 MJ/t, or 50 MJ/t, or 40MJ/t, or 30 MJ/t, or 20 MJ/t, or 10 MJ/t, or 5 MJ/t.|9. An apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage for carrying out the process of claim 5, comprising:| a burner (1) for producing the flue gas from the burning of fossil fuel;| a carbon capture device (2), which is connected to the burner to scrub the flue gas to capture carbon dioxide;| a seawater pumping equipment (3) for leading seawater into the carbon capture device (2);| a chimney (6) for leading cleaned flue gas out of the carbon capture device (2); and| a seawater discharging pipe (7);| wherein the carbon capture device (2) comprises a water distributor (2.1) and a packing layer; and a seawater outlet (5) of the carbon capture device (2) is connected to the seawater discharging pipe (7); and an outlet of the discharging pipe (7) is located in the water column of ocean.|10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein an altitude (2.2) of the water distributor of the carbon capture device (2) is configured to be no more than 50m, or 40m, or 30m, or 20m, or 19m, or 15m, or 12m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 2m, or 1m, wherein the altitude (2.2) of the water distributor is defined by a distance between a horizontal centre of the water distributor (2.1) and level of ocean (3.2) where the scrubbing seawater is pumped into the seawater pumping equipment (3).|11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus further comprises a seawater adjusting pump (4) which is connected to a water regulator (8) to adjust pH value of the scrubbing seawater discharged into the ocean.|12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the packing layer of the carbon capture device (2) is composed of industrial bulk packings, and/or regular packings, and/or perforated plate packings, and/or grilles.|13. An apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage for carrying out the process of claim 4, comprising:| a carbon capture device (2);| a seawater pumping equipment (3) for leading seawater into the carbon capture device (2);| a power equipment (14) for providing power for the seawater pumping equipment (3);| a water distributor (2.1) which is over the carbon capture device (2);| a water collector (2.3) which is under the carbon capture device (2); and| a seawater discharging pipe (7) which is connected to the water collector (2.3).|14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the power equipment (14) comprises:| a wind driven device (14.1);| a power transmission device (14.3) which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment (3) to transmit the power provided by the wind driven device (14.1) to the seawater pumping equipment (3);| wherein the power transmission device (14.3) comprises a mechanical transmission device and/or a electromechanical transmission device composed of a wind driven generator and an electromotor.|15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the power equipment (14) comprises:| a water driven device (14.2);| a power transmission device (14.3) which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment (3) to transmit the power provided by the water driven device (14.2) to the seawater pumping equipment (3);| wherein the power transmission device (14.3) comprises a mechanical transferring device and/or an electromechanical transmission device composed of a water driven generator and electromotor. | (EP3470131)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0001] The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), applicable to carbon dioxide capture and storage for coastal power plants, marine ships and other marine facilities burning fossil fuels and/or direct air capture (DAC). The present invention belongs to a technical field of clean energy and earth engineering.|DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART|[0002] Capture and storage of the carbon dioxide, namely CCS, is a necessary technical solution to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, all of the existing CCS arts are costly geological storage policies, which are far from the actual application from the economical and affordable aspects. Large-scale emission reduction is hard to be achieved.|[0003] According to the earth science theory, the absorption of the extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere depends on the water column of deep ocean finally. For this reason, big studies by international institutions further show that the oceans are already naturally absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere at a rate of about 6Gt/y and the CO2 flows to the deep ocean naturally. International studies also show that carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring product and its overall impact on the ocean environment should be very small, because of the large size of the ocean carbon reservoir (many times larger than the terrestrial reservoir) (IEA OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2). The conclusion of these studies is that ocean carbon storage is the most cost-effective and prospective policy to respond to the climate change, which is also the safest and the most effective. For this reason, tests of ocean carbon storage were further carried out in 2001. They are going to inject liquid carbon dioxide into two ocean areas in Hawaii and Norway. However, the tests were banned finally though all preparations for funds and materials (including 60t of liquid carbon dioxide) were made, because environmental protection agency pointed out that injection of CO2 in form of liquid, dense gas or solid into the ocean will lead to immediate death of marine, which seriously destroy the ecological environment of the injected area. Therefore, the test belongs to "marine dumping" behaviors prohibited by the London Convention and OSPAR Convention. Since then, the international experimental research on ocean carbon storage has stagnated for over a decade. Therefore, tests of ocean storage cannot be carried out in the ocean if the storage mode of high-concentration carbon dioxide of the geological storage is used continuously. So, the benefit of "the most cost-effective policy" cannot be demonstrated and applied, and ocean storage cannot become a practical policy for carbon reduction. Finally, the long-time desire for responding to the climate change effectively using ocean resources cannot be achieved.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0004] The purpose of the process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage of the invention is to overcome the defect of the prior art of ocean carbon storage, and to provide the most cost-effective policy of ocean carbon storage which also comply with environmental regulations, so that the ocean carbon storage can be practical solution to respond to the climate change. Meanwhile, the solution is affordable from the economic and environmental aspects.|[0005] The present invention firstly provides a process of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising steps of:| 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide of the gas is absorbed; and| 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean to realize ocean storage.|[0006] In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the product of carbon capture is discharged into the water column of ocean under normal pressure through a pipe.|[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises adjusting a ratio of volume of the seawater to volume of carbon dioxide in the product of carbon capture to adjust pH value of the product of carbon capture discharged into the ocean.|[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the gas containing carbon dioxide in step 1) is atmosphere, and the seawater for scrubbing is pumped with power provided by wind, and/or wave of ocean current, and/or sunlight.|[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the gas containing carbon dioxide is flue gas discharged from burning of fossil fuel.|[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the steps that at least 10%, or 20%, or 50%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed into the seawater and then is discharged into the water column of ocean, and a volume of the seawater is configured to be enough to absorb at least 10%, or 20%, or 50%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of the carbon dioxide of the flue gas.|[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the step that the seawater is pumped to a head of no more than 50m, or 40m, or 30m, or 20m, or 19m, or 15m, or 12m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 2m, or 1m to scrub the flue gas containing carbon dioxide, wherein the head of 0m is a level of ocean where the scrubbing seawater is pumped.|[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises providing packings and performing the scrubbing in the packings and configuring a head of the pumped scrubbing seawater so that an energy consumption of the carbon capture is no more than 1000MJ/t, or 500 MJ/t, or 400 MJ/t, or 350 MJ/t, or 300 MJ/t, or 250 MJ/t, or 200 MJ/t, or 150 MJ/t, or 100 MJ/t, or 60 MJ/t, or 50 MJ/t, or 40MJ/t, or 30 MJ/t, or 20 MJ/t, or 10 MJ/t, or 5 MJ/t.|[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a whole process from the carbon capture to the carbon storage is a consecutive reaction.|[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises discharging the product of carbon capture into the surface layer, and/or the middle layer, and/or the deep layer of the water column of ocean.|[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises discharging the after-scrubbing seawater into an ocean current in the water column of ocean that does not pass the location where the scrubbing seawater is pumped.|[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the packing scrubbing is realized through large area contact between the scrubbing seawater and the flue gas.|[0017] The present invention secondly provides a process of ocean carbon capture and storage, wherein the process comprises the steps of:| a. continuously leading flue gas containing carbon dioxide which is discharged from a burner for burning fossil fuel into a carbon capture device;| b. continuously leading seawater into the carbon capture device;| c. providing packings in the carbon capture device to enlarge contact area of the flue gas of step a and the seawater of step b to scrub the flue gas and absorb the carbon dioxide of the flue gas;| d. continuously discharging scrubbed flue gas into atmosphere, wherein in the scrubbed flue gas, the volume of carbon dioxide has reduced;| e. continuously discharging the seawater containing carbon dioxide generated in step c from the carbon capture device; and| f. continuously discharging the seawater containing carbon dioxide generated in step e into a carbon storage location in an ocean to realize the carbon storage;|wherein the fossil fuel is selected from a group consisting of coal, oil and gas; and the burner is selected from a group consisting of a boiler of a steam turbine, an internal combustion engine and a gas turbine which are used in a coastal power plant or a marine ship; and the flue gas is generated from burning of the fossil fuel; and the seawater of step b is the seawater pumped from the ocean to be used for scrubbing directly, and/or is the seawater pumped from the ocean to cool the burner firstly before being used for scrubbing.|[0018] In a preferred embodiment, at least 10%, or 20%, or 50%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of carbon dioxide in flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|[0019] In a preferred embodiment, at least 20% of carbon dioxide in flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the difference between the increased temperature of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the temperature of the seawater led into the carbon capture device in step b, is less than 50C.|[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the difference between the increased temperature of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the temperature of the seawater led into the carbon capture device in step b, is less than 20C.|[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the difference between the increased temperature of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the temperature of the seawater led into the carbon capture device in step b, is less than 2C.|[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the difference between the decreased pH value of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the pH value of the seawater at carbon storage location is no more than 2 pH unit.|[0024] The present invention thirdly provides an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising:| a burner for producing the flue gas from the burning of fossil fuel;| a carbon capture device, which is connected to the burner to scrub the flue gas to capture carbon dioxide;| a seawater pumping equipment for leading seawater into the carbon capture device;| a chimney for leading cleaned flue gas out of the carbon capture device; and| a seawater discharging pipe;|wherein the carbon capture device comprises a water distributor and a packing layer; and a seawater outlet of the carbon capture device is connected to the seawater discharging pipe; and a outlet of the discharging pipe is located in the water column of ocean.|[0025] In a preferred embodiment, an altitude of the water distributor of the carbon capture device is configured to be no more than 50m, or 40m, or 30m, or 20m, or 19m, or 15m, or 12m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 2m, or 1m, wherein the altitude of the water distributor is defined by a distance between a horizontal centre of the water distributor and level of ocean where the scrubbing seawater is pumped into the seawater pumping equipment.|[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the seawater pumping equipment of the carbon capture device is a seawater cooling system for the burner and/or a seawater intake pump.|[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a seawater adjusting pump which is connected to a water regulator to adjust pH value of the scrubbing seawater discharged into the ocean.|[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the packing layer of the carbon capture device is composed of industrial bulk packings, and/or regular packings, and/or perforated plate packings, and/or grilles.|[0029] In a preferred embodiment, a dry packing factor of the packing is 5∼2000/m, wherein the definition of the dry packing factor is according to the manual of conventional packing industrial products.|[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the seawater discharging pipe is a membrane pipe.|[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon capture device is located on an ocean platform which has an adjustable altitude according to level of tide.|[0032] The present invention fourthly provides an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage for carrying out the process of the present invention, comprising:| a carbon capture device;| a seawater pumping equipment for leading seawater into the carbon capture device; and| a power equipment for providing power for the seawater pumping equipment;| a water distributor which is over the carbon capture device;| a water collector which is under the carbon capture device; and| a seawater discharging pipe which is connected to the water collector.|[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the power equipment comprises a wind power device, and/or a conversion device of wave of ocean current, and/or a solar power device.|[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the power equipment comprises:| a wind driven device;| a power transmission device which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment to transmit the power provided by the wind driven device to the seawater pumping equipment;| wherein the power transmission device comprises a mechanical transmission device and/or a electromechanical transmission device composed of a wind driven generator and an electromotor.|[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the energy equipment comprises:| a water driven device;| a power transmission device which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment to transmit the power provided by the water driven device to the seawater pumping equipment; wherein the power transmission device comprises a mechanical transferring device and/or a electromechanical transmission device composed of a water driven generator and electromotor.|[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the above two apparatus for carrying out the process of the present invention is fixed on a seabed and/or ocean platform.|[0037] The following description is to set forth the technical principle and effect of the present invention.|[0038] The principle used in the present invention is that carbon dioxide is a natural substance soluble in seawater and abundant in seawater, and the storage of carbon dioxide in ocean can be massive and long-term and environment-friendly. In the present invention, flue gas discharged from fossil fuel is scrubbed by seawater, or the atmosphere (i.e. the air in its natural state) is collected and scrubbed directly to achieve the purpose of carbon capture through the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the flue gas and/or atmosphere, and then the seawater in which carbon dioxide in the flue gas and/or atmosphere is dissolved is discharged to the surface layer, and/or middle layer, and / or deep layer of the water column in the ocean to achieve the purpose of carbon storage under the conditions that the related indicators such as pH value comply with environmental regulations. Moreover, the diffusion of the ocean current can further reduce the harmful impact on the marine environment, and further enhance the effect of ocean storage. The seawater in which carbon dioxide is dissolved can be discharged to the surface layer, or middle layer, or deep layer of the water column in the sea or ocean. Some other studies indicate that the CO2 can be stored for 1000 years if it is discharged to a depth of 1000m in the ocean.|[0039] CO2 is dissolved in seawater according to the response of following equation (from left to right):| CO2 + H2O ⇔ H2CO3 (carbonic acid)| H2CO3 ⇔ H+ + HCO3- (bicarbonate ion)| HCO3- ⇔ H+ + CO32- (carbonate ion)|The bicarbonate ion is the main form of carbon dioxide in seawater. The carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion and carbonate ion are collectively referred to as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).|[0040] Usually the solubility of carbon dioxide in water is very low, so the seawater scrubbing produces a low concentration of CO2, namely the after-scrubbing seawater which contains a low concentration of DIC. The wording of "low concentration" should be read as compared with the prior art. In the prior art, the product of carbon capture is in form of a pure liquid carbon dioxide, dense gas or solid, in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is several orders of magnitude higher than that in the present invention. A person skilled in the art may consider that the energy consumption is very huge in the present invention because massive scrubbing seawater is needed due to the "low concentration". However, in the present invention, the total energy consumption can be reduced by reducing the pumping head of the seawater, so that the cost of carbon capture and storage is at least an order of magnitude lower than that of the prior CCS art. In coastal thermal power plant, the cost can be further reduced if cooling water is reused.|[0041] At the same time, the present invention has the effect of flue gas desulfurization because sulfur dioxide is also a kind of natural substance soluble and abundant in seawater, and sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is less than that of carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide is more soluble in water than carbon dioxide. Therefore, the present invention has also an effect of flue gas desulfurization.|[0042] Obviously, the application of the present invention can up-scale the commercial application of carbon capture and storage in the coastal areas where large carbon emission sources are located densely. In such condition, scale effect is prominent,|[0043] Double effects can be achieved if the present invention is applied in ocean shipping. The first one is that the carbon sink resources of the surface layer of ocean can be used so that the escaped carbon emissions which cannot be captured previously can be captured and kept in storage currently, which reduces the carbon emissions from ships at extremely low cost. The second one is to avoid using low sulphur fuel, indirectly reducing carbon emissions of oil refining industry. Therefore, the dual pressure under the international carbon reduction, sulfur reduction act can be released in shipping industry. Economic and green advantages can be maintained continuously.|[0044] There are especially important benefits if carbon capture and storage of the present invention is used for the air in its natural condition. The first reason is that the atmospheric circulation can be used for capturing all kinds of carbon emissions without transport cost, including the escaped carbon emissions which cannot be captured by other methods. The second one is that carbon capture and storage with zero energy consumption can be realized by using wind, ocean current, sunshine and other renewable energy. The third reason is that there is no limit on ocean area and peripheral supports are not needed so that a large number of apparatuses can be fixed in all kinds of ocean area.|[0045] Obviously, the present invention based on the earth science principle, has achieved good technical effects by adopting the method of natural engineering . The present invention provides an affordable and practical and effective technical policy for achieving the long-time desire of using ocean resources to respond to the climate change.|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0046] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the implementation steps of the process of seawater carbon capture and storage of the present invention.| Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the implementation steps of the process of seawater carbon capture and storage of the present invention.| Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the present invention used in a coastal gas-steam combined cycle power plant.| Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the present invention used in a coastal coal-fired power plant.| Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a marine ship of the present invention.| Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of water driven carbon capture and storage of atmosphere on ocean of the present invention.| Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of wind driven carbon capture and storage of atmosphere on ocean of the present invention.|[0047] Names of components or structures corresponding to the reference numbers in the drawings are provided as follows.|[0048] 1-burner; 2-carbon capture device; 2.1-water distributor; 2.2- altitude of water distributor; 2.3 water collector; 3-seawater pumping equipment; 3.1-seawater increase pump; 3.2- level of ocean; 4-seawater adjusting pump; 5- seawater outlet; 6-chimney; 7- seawater discharging pipe; 8-water regulator; 9- sea chest; 10- main seawater duct of ship; 11-cabin, 12-coast; 13-ocean current; 14-power equipment; 14.1-wind driven device; 14.2-water driven device; 14.3-power transmission device; 15-wind.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRERERRED EMBODIMENTS|[0049] The present invention provides a process of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising steps of:| 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide of the gas is absorbed; and| 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean.|[0050] The term of "seawater" here should be read as natural seawater derived from the sea or ocean, including the natural seawater for cooling industrial facilities. The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by using the seawater without adding any other substance (e.g., adding alkali). Of course, in some applications, other additives can also be added to achieve special purposes, such as, in order to absorb some special components in the flue gas.|[0051] The term of "scrubbing" here should be read as the step of contact of seawater with the gas for the purpose of carbon dioxide capture. Contact can be performed in an apparatus including but not limited to: spray injector, bubbler, Venturi tower, sprayer, filter, rotary sprayer, grille, trays tower or packing tower.|[0052] The wording of "carbon capture" here should be read as the step of capturing CO2 in the gas containing carbon dioxide in the course of scrubbing. In the course of scrubbing, some of the CO2 is dissolved into the seawater to be a dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the after-scrubbing seawater.|[0053] The wording of "carbon storage" here should be read as the step of discharging the after-scrubbing seawater containing CO2 of the flue gas into the water column of ocean directly under normal pressure through pipes. In the course of carbon storage, concentrated CO2 is not needed before discharged. If needed, further dilution of CO2 can be performed by adding additional seawater to adjust the pH value of discharged seawater to comply with environmental regulations. Different requirements on the pH value of discharged seawater may be needed in different regions of the ocean, including different depths of the ocean.|[0054] The wording of "water column of ocean" here should be read as the seawater in the surface layer (tens of meters of depth), the middle layer (less than hundreds of meters of depth) or deep layer (more than hundreds of meters of depth). International Studies by IPCC and IEA show that the physical and chemical systems of water column of ocean, as well as the marine ecosystem, can absorb and store carbon dioxide friendly.|[0055] The flowing seawater, i.e. the ocean current can enhance the effect of ocean carbon storage. If the product of carbon capture is discharged into the ocean current of the water column of ocean that does not pass the inlet through which the scrubbing seawater is pumped, it can prevent the discharged seawater from flowing back to the inlet.|[0056] These are common knowledge that CO2 is soluble in water and the seawater can absorb more CO2. But so far, there is no report on any technical policy that seawater is used for carbon capture and storage. The reason is that the people skilled in the art are accustomed to considering that the only way to reduce cost to be affordable is purifying the captured CO2 into high concentration in a form of liquid, dense gaseous or solid to reduce material volume to reduce the cost of transportation and storage. Because the cost of the high-concentration solution is far from an affordable and practical technology, it is not possible of a person skilled in the art to think of any low-concentration policy.|[0057] The inventor of the present invention has been engaged in research on desulfurization by seawater scrubbing for a long time. The inventor accidentally found that the low-concentration solution of seawater scrubbing brings the effects of not only desulfurization, but also carbon capture and storage. Moreover, the inventor also found a method to greatly reduce costs, so that the cost is reduced to be affordable and practical.|[0058] What the invention of the present invention found firstly is that, in the prior technology of desulfurization of seawater scrubbing (FGD, EGC), less than 10% of the carbon dioxide in flue gas are usually dissolved into the scrubbing water, and they were driven into the atmosphere in the process of drainage and aeration treatment. Therefore, the inventor of the present invention carried out a test on FGD in a coastal power plant and a test on EGC in an ocean tanker for many years. The tests indicated it is possible that carbon dioxide dissolved in the seawater is not driven out or a small amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the seawater is driven out under the condition that the discharged seawater complies with the environmental regulations, if the technology of desulfurization of seawater scrubbing is modified properly.|[0059] The inventor of the present invention also found in a further test that increasing the volume of scrubbing seawater can result in that more than 10% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is captured and kept in storage. The inventor also found that the energy consumption and the cost, which increase in the course of increasing the volume of scrubbing seawater, can be reduced through a method of reducing the head of scrubbing seawater which is pumped. In this case, the cost for capture and storage of at least 20% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is usually affordable in a variety of applications, such as power plants and ships. The following part of the present application provides a detailed description of several examples that the cost for removing more carbon dioxide is affordable in several typical applications. In these examples, the purpose that no less than 30%, or 40%, or 50%, or 60%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is captured and kept in storage is finally achieved. In an example of coastal power plant, even 99% of CO2 in the flue gas is captured and kept in storage, and the increased cost is affordable.|[0060] Because a certain amount of water can dissolve limited amount of CO2 (generally 1m3 of freshwater can absorb about 0.8m3 of CO2 under normal temperature and pressure, and the seawater can absorb a little more CO2 than freshwater), a large amount of scrubbing seawater is needed if a large number of CO2 from flue gas is needed to be captured. For example, in an example of power plant, if all of the original cooling seawater is used to scrub flue gas, only about 30% of CO2 can be captured. If more than 90% of CO2 is needed to be captured, it is needed to add additional scrubbing seawater in amount that is about twice original cooling seawater. Generally speaking, it is a very huge amount. For the purpose of affordable cost, it is needed to adopt two technical strategies. The one is to reduce the energy consumption of pumping seawater, and the other is to increase the absorption efficiency of seawater to CO2 to minimize the amount of scrubbing seawater which is needed. Firstly, the head of pumping seawater, i.e. the altitude of carbon capture device, should be reduced to decrease the energy consumption of pumping seawater. In an example of a large power plant, the carbon capture device, to which the scrubbing seawater is pumped, at an altitude of 50m can meet the requirements. Of course, in other examples, 40m, or 30m can also meet the requirements. For some typical applications, such as power plants and marine ships, the following examples of the present application provide the detailed description. In these examples, carbon capture device, to which the scrubbing seawater is pumped, is configured at an altitude of no more than 20m, or 19m, or 15m, or 12m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 2m, or 1m. In another example, because the mean of tidal level in local area at different time vary greatly, the carbon capture device is set on a platform or a floating dock and the platform or floating dock has an adjustable altitude according to level of tide. In such case, the energy consumption of delivering seawater is reduced to the lowest level according to the principle that boats go up with the level of the water.|[0061] On the other hand, the inventor also found in test that, among all kinds of scrubbing apparatus, packing scrubber or absorption tower as the carbon capture device, is the best one for reducing amount of scrubbing seawater and reducing the head of pumping seawater. As a result, the energy consumption of pumping seawater is the lowest, and the operating is the most stable. Based on the long-termed experience of being engaged in desulfurization of seawater scrubbing and the test for absorption of carbon dioxide, the inventor of the present invention also found that the preferred dry packing factor of the packings is 5∼2000/m (the definition of dry packing factor can be found in manual of conventional packing industrial products). Such packings provide the best effect of carbon capture through seawater scrubbing. For example, packings of 5/m of dry packing factor can meet the requirements. In the following examples, the packing of 10/m, or 15/m, or 35/m, or 55/m, or 65/m, or 95/m, or 150/m, or 250/m, or 350/m, or 450/m, or 650/m, or 850/m, or 1000/m, or 1200/m, or 1500/m, or 1800/m, or 2000/m of dry packing factor can also meet the requirements. The packing scrubbing refers to the scrubbings which is performed by the large area contact between the scrubbing seawater and the discharged flue gas in the packings.|[0062] According to the above description, the inventor of the present invention found that the energy consumption of carbon capture is reduced finally and the total cost of CCS technology is reduced to a practical level through the strategies including packing scrubbing and reducing the head of pumping seawater. For example, in an example, the energy consumption of carbon dioxide capture is no more than 1000MJ/t (million joule/ton), which is practical. For the applications of the power plant and marine ships, the following examples show that the energy consumption of carbon capture is no more than 500 MJ/t, or 400 MJ/t, or 350 MJ/t, or 300 MJ/t, or 250 MJ/t, or 200 MJ/t, or 150 MJ/t, or 100 MJ/t, or 60 MJ/t, or 50 MJ/t, or 40MJ/t, or 30 MJ/t, or 20 MJ/t, or 10 MJ/t, or 5 MJ/t, which is also practical.|[0063] The inventor of the present invention further found that the carbon capture and storage can be used for the air in its natural state (DAC) on the sea according to the present invention, which has a good effect of reducing carbon content in the atmosphere. In the following examples, what are only used are the mechanical energy and/or electrical energy coming from the wind on the sea, and/or ocean current waves, and/or sunlight and other natural energy, which are all renewable energy. It means that the energy consumption is zero. Therefore, the running cost is very low and only construction and depreciation costs are required and electric power generation and transport and peripheral supports are not needed. Moreover, the construction cost is also very low. On the other hand, the purpose of building a lot of wind driven and wave driven generation facilities is to replace the offshore fossil energy to reduce the atmosphere carbon emissions finally. However, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be captured and kept in storage directly according to the present invention. In this case, the efficiency of reducing carbon is higher.|[0064] Further detailed description of the present invention is provided in the following examples according to the drawings.|Example 1|[0065] This is a basic example of the process of ocean carbon capture and storage of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the process includes the steps of: 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide in the gas is absorbed; and 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean to realize ocean storage.|[0066] In a varied example based on this example, in step 2), the product of carbon capture is discharged into the water column of ocean under normal pressure through a pipe. The whole course from the carbon capture to the carbon storage is a consecutive reaction.|[0067] In another varied example based on this example, the process further comprises adjusting a ratio of volume of the seawater to volume of carbon dioxide in the product of carbon capture to adjust pH value of the product of carbon capture discharged into the ocean.|[0068] In another varied example based on this example, the process further comprises discharging the product of carbon capture into an ocean current in the water column of ocean that does not pass the location where the scrubbing seawater is pumped.|[0069] In following varied examples based on this example, the process further comprises discharging the product of carbon capture into the surface layer, and/or the middle layer, and/or the deep layer of the water column of ocean.|Example 2|[0070] This is another basic example of the process of ocean carbon capture and storage of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the gas containing carbon dioxide is the flue gas discharged from the burning of fossil fuel and the process includes the steps of: a. continuously leading flue gas containing carbon dioxide which is discharged from a burner for burning fossil fuel into a carbon capture device; b. continuously leading seawater into the carbon capture device; c. providing packings in the carbon capture device to enlarge contact area of the flue gas of step a and the seawater of step b to enhance absorbance of the carbon dioxide by the seawater; d. continuously discharging scrubbed flue gas into atmosphere; e. continuously discharging the seawater containing carbon dioxide generated in step c from the carbon capture device; and f. continuously discharging the seawater containing carbon dioxide generated in step e into a carbon capture location in the water column of ocean to realize the carbon storage; wherein the fossil fuel is selected from a group consisting of coal, oil and gas; and the burner is selected from a group consisting of a boiler of a steam turbine, an internal combustion engine and a gas turbine which are used in a coastal power plant or a marine ship; and the flue gas is generated from burning of the fossil fuel; and the seawater of step b is the seawater pumped from an ocean to be used for scrubbing directly, and/or is the seawater pumped from an ocean to cool the burner firstly before being used for scrubbing.|Example 3|[0071] This is an example based on above Example 2. As shown in Figure 2, at least 10% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|[0072] In a varied example based on this example, at least 20% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|[0073] In more varied examples based on this example, at least 30%, or 40%, or 50%, 60%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|Example 4|[0074] This is an example based on Example 2. The difference between the decreased pH value of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the pH value of the seawater at the discharging location, is on more than 2 pH unit. This pH value is achieved through configuring the volume of flue gas which is led into the carbon capture device, the volume of scrubbing seawater and ratio of gas to liquid. The purpose is to comply with the relevant laws and technical standards for marine drainage.|Example 5|[0075] This is a basic example of the apparatus of ocean capture and storage for carrying out the process of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the apparatus includes:| a burner 1 for producing the flue gas from the burning of fossil fuel;| a carbon capture device 2, which is connected to the burner to scrub the flue gas to capture carbon dioxide;| a seawater pumping equipment 3 for leading seawater into the carbon capture device 2;| a chimney 6 for leading cleaned flue gas out of the carbon capture device 2; and| a seawater discharging pipe 7.|Wherein, the carbon capture device 2 comprises a water distributor 2.1. A packing layer is provided in the carbon capture device 2.|A seawater outlet 5 of the carbon capture device 2 is connected to the discharging pipe 7; and an outlet of the discharging pipe 7 is located in the water column of ocean.|Example 6|[0076] This is an example based on Example 5. The carbon capture device 2 comprises the water distributor 2.1. The altitude 2.2 of the water distributor is not more than 20m, and the altitude 2.2 of the water distributor is defined by a distance between a horizontal centre of the water distributor 2.1 and level of ocean 3.2 where the scrubbing seawater is pumped into the seawater pumping equipment 3.|[0077] In more varied examples based on this example, the altitude 2.2 of the water distributor is not more than 19m, 15m, 12m, 10m, 9m, 8m, 6m, 5m, 4m, 2m, 1m.|[0078] The purpose of reducing the altitude 2.2 of the water distributor is to reduce the energy consumption of delivering seawater. This energy consumption is the main energy consumption of the CCS technology in the present invention.|[0079] The packing layer is provided in the carbon capture device 2. The packing layer is composed of industrial bulk packings, and the dry packing factor of the packings is 5/m.|[0080] In one varied example based on this example, the dry packing factor of the packings is 30/m.|[0081] In several other varied example based on this example, the dry packing factor of the packings is 60 / m, 120 / m, 200 / m, 300 / m, 400 / m, 500 / m, 600 / m, 700 / m, 800 / m, 900 / m, 1000 / m, 1200 / m, 1400 / m. 1600 / m, 1800 / m, 2000 / m respectively.|[0082] In a varied example based on this example, the packing layer is composed of regular packings. In another varied example based on this example, the packing layer is composed of perforated plate packings.|[0083] In a varied example based on this example, the packing layer is composed of the combination of various packings.|Example 7|[0084] This is an example based on Example 5. As shown in Figure 4, Seawater pumping equipment 3 connected to carbon capture device 2 is the seawater cooling system for burner 1.|[0085] In a varied example based on this example, seawater pumping equipment 3 is the seawater increase pump 3.1.|[0086] In another varied example based on this example, seawater pumping equipment 3 is the seawater cooling system for the burner 1 and the seawater increase pump 3.1. The purpose of such configuration is to provide a greater amount of water to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.|Example 8|[0087] This is an example of coastal gas-steam combined cycle power plant. As shown in Figure 3, there are three sets of gas-steam combined cycle generating units in the plant. Power of each generating unit is 400MW, and the total power is 1200MW. There are two phases of implementation in this example.|[0088] In the first phase of implementation, carbon dioxide in flue gas of one generating unit is captured. At least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is captured to be dissolved into the scrubbing seawater and is discharged into the water column of ocean. About 1 million tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage per year.|[0089] A project of high concentration carbon capture and storage has been performed in this plant previously. In the project, carbon dioxide in flue gas of one generating unit is captured. About 1 million tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage per year. The process of the project includes the steps of absorption, desorption, purification, compression and transportation of carbon dioxide. The captured carbon dioxide of high concentration is injected into submarine oil field for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). A special platform is provided in the ocean. The project belongs to the submarine geological storage. After the project is completed, although Enhanced Oil Recovery can bring a certain income and the total cost of the project is lower than that of other non EOR CCS, the total cost is still unaffordable. Therefore, the project was finally terminated.|[0090] The carbon capture device of the present example is installed in an empty space prepared for previous CCS project. The area needed by the carbon capture device is only a fifth of the area of previous space. The altitude of water distributor of carbon capture device is about 10m. Existing seawater cooling system is used directly as seawater leading equipment. The existing inlet and outlet for cooling water in the plant are also used directly, and the depth of the oulet in the water column is more than 150m. In the coastal plant, for the purpose of cooling efficiency, outlet for cooling water is originally located in the water column of the ocean where the ocean current does not pass the inlet for cooling water. In this case, after the carbon dioxide captured through scrubbing is discharged, the carbon dioxide is diffused and diluted rapidly with the ocean current, which further lessen the original tiny impact on marine environment. The energy consumption of capturing carbon dioxide is not more than 100MJ/t, and the cost for building and operating the CCS devices is 1/10 of the original cost of project of high concentration.|[0091] In the second phase of implementation, more carbon capture devices and seawater pumps are added on the basis of the first phase of implementation, in order to perform the seawater scrubbing carbon capture and ocean water column carbon storage for other two generating units. After the completion of the second phase of implementation, about 3 million tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage in the plant.|[0092] In one varied example based on this example, the carbon capture device is set on a platform that has an adjustable height according to level of tide. In another varied example based on this example, the carbon capture device is set on a floating dock. Thus the energy consumption for pumping seawater can be the lowest regardless of flux and reflux.|Example 9|[0093] This is an example of coastal coal power plants. As shown in Figure 4, the burner is a 600MW coal-fired generating unit, There are two phases of implementation in this example.|[0094] In the first phase of implementation, at least 25% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas of generating unit is captured to be dissolved into the scrubbing seawater. 70,000t/h of cooling water in the plant is used as the scrubbing seawater directly. About 800 thousand tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage per year.|[0095] In the second phase of implementation, about 95% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas of generating unit is captured to be dissolved into the scrubbing seawater. 210,000t/h of scrubbing seawater is added. The seawater is delivered through added seawater leading pumps. After the completion of the second phase of implementation, about 3 million tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage for the generating unit.|[0096] Packing tower is used in the carbon capture device to reduce the altitude, and the altitude of the water distributor is about 9m. Organic braided membrane water pipes are used to discharge the seawater to the middle layer of the water column in the sea, which is about 300m depth of the water volume, to realize the ocean carbon storage.|[0097] In the present example, CO2 emission of the flue gas of the power plant is reduced by 80%. The energy consumption for capturing carbon dioxide is not more than 200MJ/t.|Example 10|[0098] This example is shown in Figure 4. A seawater adjusting pump 4 is connected to a water regulator to adjust the pH value of the scrubbing seawater discharged into the ocean. This is a better way to control the pH value of discharged seawater and the energy consumption is the lowest.|[0099] The after-scrubbing seawater containing carbon dioxide is discharged into a layer between the surface level and the sea bed, which is the 800m depth of middle layer of the water column in the ocean.|[0100] In a varied example based on this example, the after-scrubbing seawater containing carbon dioxide is discharged into 1500m depth of deep layer of the water column in the ocean. Studies indicated that: carbon dioxide can be kept in storage for more than a thousand years if the carbon dioxide is discharged into more than a thousand meters depth in the ocean.|Example 11|[0101] This is an example of a marine ship. As shown in Figure 5, the burner 1 includes a two-stroke ship diesel engine with 130MW. Heavy oil of sulfur 3.5%v-v is used as the fuel. The volume of generated CO2 is about 8100 Nm3/h. The carbon capture device is configured to substitute the original muffler. The altitude of the water distributor is 6m based on the load waterline. The volume of scrubbing seawater for carbon capture and storage is about 5800 t/h. Seawater increase pump 3.1 can be adjusted to control the pH value of discharged seawater. In the present example, CO2 emission of the ship flue gas is reduced by 50 ∼ 70% (specific value is related to the quality and temperature of the seawater where the ship sails), and SO2 emission is reduced by 98%. The effect is equivalent to use of 0.5%S fuel. Therefore, the existing oil with low cost can be still used after 2020 when the limitation to sulfur in global shipping will be performed by the United Nations. The energy consumption of capturing carbon dioxide is not more than 20MJ/t. The cost for the whole process is equivalent to 0.6% of the fuel consumption of the engine in full power. The discharging of seawater complies with the rules of MEPC in MARPOL annex VI. The after-scrubbing seawater is discharged into the surface layer of the water column in the ocean.|[0102] In this example, the detection and control of pH value of seawater in the inlet and outlet is provided, which complies with the rules of MEPC in MARPOL annex VI. The flue gas of engine is scrubbed with seawater in the running ship and no chemical agent is added. The difference of pH value between discharged scrubbing seawater and the seawater in inlet is no more than 2 pH unit. Therefore, the scrubbing seawater can be discharged into the ocean directly, i.e. into the surface layer of water column of the ocean.|[0103] In a varied example of building a new ship based on this example, the fuel of the ship is LNG. In this case, the carbon emissions are less than the emission from coal and oil, but it is still a kind of fossil energy needed to reduce and control the carbon emissions.|Example 12|[0104] This is an example of apparatus of carbon direct air capture (DAC) and storage on the sea. As shown in Figure 6, the apparatus comprises:| a carbon capture device 2;| a seawater pumping equipment 3 for leading seawater into the carbon capture device 2;| a power equipment 14 for providing power for the seawater pumping equipment 3;| a water distributor 2.1 which is over the carbon capture device 2;| a water collector 2.3 which is under the carbon capture device 2; and| a water discharging pipe 7 which is connected to the water collector 2.3.|The apparatus is fixed on a platform floating on the ocean. The platform is anchored to the seabed.|[0105] In a varied example based on this example, the apparatus is fixed on an ocean platform which is connected to the seabed rigidly. In another example based on this example, the apparatus is fixed on an ocean moveable platform.|Example 13|[0106] This is an example based on Example 12. As show in Figure 6, the power equipment 14 comprises:| a water driven device 14.2;| a power transmission device 14.3 which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment 3 to transmit the power provided by the water driven device 14.2 to the seawater pumping equipment 3, wherein the power transmission device 14.3 is a mechanical transmission device.|[0107] In a varied example based on this example, the power transmission device 14.3 is an electromechanical transmission device composed of a water driven generator and electromotor.|Example 14|[0108] This is another example based on Example 12. As show in Figure 7, the power equipment 14 comprises:| a wind driven device 14.1;| a power transmission device 14.3 which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment 3 to transmit the power provided by the wind driven device 14.1 to the seawater pumping equipment 3, wherein the power transmission device 14.3 is a mechanical transmission device.|[0109] In this example, a water discharging pipe 7 is connected to the water collector 2.3 under the carbon capture device 2. The outlet of the water discharging pipe 7 is located in the water column of an ocean to discharge the scrubbing seawater containing carbon dioxide into the ocean. Vertical axis rotor is used in the wind driven device. Alternatively, horizontal axis rotor can also be used. The wind driven device transforms the captured wind energy into the rotating mechanical energy to drive the seawater pumping equipment to pump seawater directly. The effect of scrubbing the captured carbon dioxide will be better if the seawater in deeper layer of ocean is pumped. If the water lever in the water collector under the carbon capture device drives the scrubbing seawater into the deeper layer of ocean, the effect of carbon storage will be better. The power transmission device 14.3 has a function of mechanical speed regulation. The carbon capture device 2 is designed to be open vertically to be helpful for capturing the wind. The packings composed of grid plates and grids are provided to improve the efficiency of scrubbing.|[0110] In a varied example based on this example, hollow spray tower is used as the carbon capture device. In another varied example based on this example, conventional washing tower is used as the carbon capture device. In another varied example based on this example, the scrubbing seawater is not collected by the water collector but sprayed on the surface of ocean directly.|[0111] In another varied example based on this example, a blower is used to blow air in the carbon capture device. The power of blower comes from the wind driven device too.|[0112] The apparatuses in the above example are kind of carbon reduction windmill apparatuses. The manufacturing and maintaining cost of the apparatus is far lower than the one of wind driven generator with the same rotor diameter. The effect of reducing the atmospheric carbon content of the apparatus is many times the one of the latter because multistage energy conversion is not required.|Example 15|[0113] This is another example based on Example 12. The power equipment 14 comprises:| a wind driven device 14.1;| a power transmission device 14.3;|wherein the power transmission device 14.3 is an electromechanical transmission device composed of a water driven generator and electromotor. Offshore wind driven generator is used as the power equipment 14 directly.|[0114] In a varied example based on this example, solar power equipments are used as the power equipment 14 directly.|[0115] The protection scope of the claim of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. | (EP3470131)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0001] The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), applicable to carbon dioxide capture and storage for coastal power plants, marine ships and other marine facilities burning fossil fuels and/or direct air capture (DAC). The present invention belongs to a technical field of clean energy and earth engineering.|DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART|[0002] Capture and storage of the carbon dioxide, namely CCS, is a necessary technical solution to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, all of the existing CCS arts are costly geological storage policies, which are far from the actual application from the economical and affordable aspects. Large-scale emission reduction is hard to be achieved.|[0003] According to the earth science theory, the absorption of the extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere depends on the water column of deep ocean finally. For this reason, big studies by international institutions further show that the oceans are already naturally absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere at a rate of about 6Gt/y and the CO2 flows to the deep ocean naturally. International studies also show that carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring product and its overall impact on the ocean environment should be very small, because of the large size of the ocean carbon reservoir (many times larger than the terrestrial reservoir) (IEA OCEAN STORAGE OF CO2). The conclusion of these studies is that ocean carbon storage is the most cost-effective and prospective policy to respond to the climate change, which is also the safest and the most effective. For this reason, tests of ocean carbon storage were further carried out in 2001. They are going to inject liquid carbon dioxide into two ocean areas in Hawaii and Norway. However, the tests were banned finally though all preparations for funds and materials (including 60t of liquid carbon dioxide) were made, because environmental protection agency pointed out that injection of CO2 in form of liquid, dense gas or solid into the ocean will lead to immediate death of marine, which seriously destroy the ecological environment of the injected area. Therefore, the test belongs to "marine dumping" behaviors prohibited by the London Convention and OSPAR Convention. Since then, the international experimental research on ocean carbon storage has stagnated for over a decade. Therefore, tests of ocean storage cannot be carried out in the ocean if the storage mode of high-concentration carbon dioxide of the geological storage is used continuously. So, the benefit of "the most cost-effective policy" cannot be demonstrated and applied, and ocean storage cannot become a practical policy for carbon reduction. Finally, the long-time desire for responding to the climate change effectively using ocean resources cannot be achieved.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0004] The purpose of the process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage of the invention is to overcome the defect of the prior art of ocean carbon storage, and to provide the most cost-effective policy of ocean carbon storage which also comply with environmental regulations, so that the ocean carbon storage can be practical solution to respond to the climate change. Meanwhile, the solution is affordable from the economic and environmental aspects.|[0005] The present invention firstly provides a process of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising steps of:| 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide of the gas is absorbed; and| 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean to realize ocean storage.|[0006] In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the product of carbon capture is discharged into the water column of ocean under normal pressure through a pipe.|[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises adjusting a ratio of volume of the seawater to volume of carbon dioxide in the product of carbon capture to adjust pH value of the product of carbon capture discharged into the ocean.|[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the gas containing carbon dioxide in step 1) is atmosphere, and the seawater for scrubbing is pumped with power provided by wind, and/or wave of ocean current, and/or sunlight.|[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the gas containing carbon dioxide is flue gas discharged from burning of fossil fuel.|[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the steps that at least 10%, or 20%, or 50%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed into the seawater and then is discharged into the water column of ocean, and a volume of the seawater is configured to be enough to absorb at least 10%, or 20%, or 50%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of the carbon dioxide of the flue gas.|[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the step that the seawater is pumped to a head of no more than 50m, or 40m, or 30m, or 20m, or 19m, or 15m, or 12m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 2m, or 1m to scrub the flue gas containing carbon dioxide, wherein the head of 0m is a level of ocean where the scrubbing seawater is pumped.|[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises providing packings and performing the scrubbing in the packings and configuring a head of the pumped scrubbing seawater so that an energy consumption of the carbon capture is no more than 1000MJ/t, or 500 MJ/t, or 400 MJ/t, or 350 MJ/t, or 300 MJ/t, or 250 MJ/t, or 200 MJ/t, or 150 MJ/t, or 100 MJ/t, or 60 MJ/t, or 50 MJ/t, or 40MJ/t, or 30 MJ/t, or 20 MJ/t, or 10 MJ/t, or 5 MJ/t.|[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a whole process from the carbon capture to the carbon storage is a consecutive reaction.|[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises discharging the product of carbon capture into the surface layer, and/or the middle layer, and/or the deep layer of the water column of ocean.|[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises discharging the after-scrubbing seawater into an ocean current in the water column of ocean that does not pass the location where the scrubbing seawater is pumped.|[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the packing scrubbing is realized through large area contact between the scrubbing seawater and the flue gas.|[0017] The present invention secondly provides a process of ocean carbon capture and storage, wherein the process comprises the steps of:| a. continuously leading flue gas containing carbon dioxide which is discharged from a burner for burning fossil fuel into a carbon capture device;| b. continuously leading seawater into the carbon capture device;| c. providing packings in the carbon capture device to enlarge contact area of the flue gas of step a and the seawater of step b to scrub the flue gas and absorb the carbon dioxide of the flue gas;| d. continuously discharging scrubbed flue gas into atmosphere, wherein in the scrubbed flue gas, the volume of carbon dioxide has reduced;| e. continuously discharging the seawater containing carbon dioxide generated in step c from the carbon capture device; and| f. continuously discharging the seawater containing carbon dioxide generated in step e into a carbon storage location in an ocean to realize the carbon storage;|wherein the fossil fuel is selected from a group consisting of coal, oil and gas; and the burner is selected from a group consisting of a boiler of a steam turbine, an internal combustion engine and a gas turbine which are used in a coastal power plant or a marine ship; and the flue gas is generated from burning of the fossil fuel; and the seawater of step b is the seawater pumped from the ocean to be used for scrubbing directly, and/or is the seawater pumped from the ocean to cool the burner firstly before being used for scrubbing.|[0018] In a preferred embodiment, at least 10%, or 20%, or 50%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of carbon dioxide in flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|[0019] In a preferred embodiment, at least 20% of carbon dioxide in flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the difference between the increased temperature of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the temperature of the seawater led into the carbon capture device in step b, is less than 50C.|[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the difference between the increased temperature of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the temperature of the seawater led into the carbon capture device in step b, is less than 20C.|[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the difference between the increased temperature of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the temperature of the seawater led into the carbon capture device in step b, is less than 2C.|[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the difference between the decreased pH value of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the pH value of the seawater at carbon storage location is no more than 2 pH unit.|[0024] The present invention thirdly provides an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising:| a burner for producing the flue gas from the burning of fossil fuel;| a carbon capture device, which is connected to the burner to scrub the flue gas to capture carbon dioxide;| a seawater pumping equipment for leading seawater into the carbon capture device;| a chimney for leading cleaned flue gas out of the carbon capture device; and| a seawater discharging pipe;|wherein the carbon capture device comprises a water distributor and a packing layer; and a seawater outlet of the carbon capture device is connected to the seawater discharging pipe; and a outlet of the discharging pipe is located in the water column of ocean.|[0025] In a preferred embodiment, an altitude of the water distributor of the carbon capture device is configured to be no more than 50m, or 40m, or 30m, or 20m, or 19m, or 15m, or 12m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 2m, or 1m, wherein the altitude of the water distributor is defined by a distance between a horizontal centre of the water distributor and level of ocean where the scrubbing seawater is pumped into the seawater pumping equipment.|[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the seawater pumping equipment of the carbon capture device is a seawater cooling system for the burner and/or a seawater intake pump.|[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a seawater adjusting pump which is connected to a water regulator to adjust pH value of the scrubbing seawater discharged into the ocean.|[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the packing layer of the carbon capture device is composed of industrial bulk packings, and/or regular packings, and/or perforated plate packings, and/or grilles.|[0029] In a preferred embodiment, a dry packing factor of the packing is 5∼2000/m, wherein the definition of the dry packing factor is according to the manual of conventional packing industrial products.|[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the seawater discharging pipe is a membrane pipe.|[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon capture device is located on an ocean platform which has an adjustable altitude according to level of tide.|[0032] The present invention fourthly provides an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage for carrying out the process of the present invention, comprising:| a carbon capture device;| a seawater pumping equipment for leading seawater into the carbon capture device; and| a power equipment for providing power for the seawater pumping equipment;| a water distributor which is over the carbon capture device;| a water collector which is under the carbon capture device; and| a seawater discharging pipe which is connected to the water collector.|[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the power equipment comprises a wind power device, and/or a conversion device of wave of ocean current, and/or a solar power device.|[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the power equipment comprises:| a wind driven device;| a power transmission device which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment to transmit the power provided by the wind driven device to the seawater pumping equipment;| wherein the power transmission device comprises a mechanical transmission device and/or a electromechanical transmission device composed of a wind driven generator and an electromotor.|[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the energy equipment comprises:| a water driven device;| a power transmission device which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment to transmit the power provided by the water driven device to the seawater pumping equipment; wherein the power transmission device comprises a mechanical transferring device and/or a electromechanical transmission device composed of a water driven generator and electromotor.|[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the above two apparatus for carrying out the process of the present invention is fixed on a seabed and/or ocean platform.|[0037] The following description is to set forth the technical principle and effect of the present invention.|[0038] The principle used in the present invention is that carbon dioxide is a natural substance soluble in seawater and abundant in seawater, and the storage of carbon dioxide in ocean can be massive and long-term and environment-friendly. In the present invention, flue gas discharged from fossil fuel is scrubbed by seawater, or the atmosphere (i.e. the air in its natural state) is collected and scrubbed directly to achieve the purpose of carbon capture through the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the flue gas and/or atmosphere, and then the seawater in which carbon dioxide in the flue gas and/or atmosphere is dissolved is discharged to the surface layer, and/or middle layer, and / or deep layer of the water column in the ocean to achieve the purpose of carbon storage under the conditions that the related indicators such as pH value comply with environmental regulations. Moreover, the diffusion of the ocean current can further reduce the harmful impact on the marine environment, and further enhance the effect of ocean storage. The seawater in which carbon dioxide is dissolved can be discharged to the surface layer, or middle layer, or deep layer of the water column in the sea or ocean. Some other studies indicate that the CO2 can be stored for 1000 years if it is discharged to a depth of 1000m in the ocean.|[0039] CO2 is dissolved in seawater according to the response of following equation (from left to right):| CO2 + H2O ⇔ H2CO3 (carbonic acid)| H2CO3 ⇔ H+ + HCO3- (bicarbonate ion)| HCO3- ⇔ H+ + CO32- (carbonate ion)|The bicarbonate ion is the main form of carbon dioxide in seawater. The carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion and carbonate ion are collectively referred to as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).|[0040] Usually the solubility of carbon dioxide in water is very low, so the seawater scrubbing produces a low concentration of CO2, namely the after-scrubbing seawater which contains a low concentration of DIC. The wording of "low concentration" should be read as compared with the prior art. In the prior art, the product of carbon capture is in form of a pure liquid carbon dioxide, dense gas or solid, in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is several orders of magnitude higher than that in the present invention. A person skilled in the art may consider that the energy consumption is very huge in the present invention because massive scrubbing seawater is needed due to the "low concentration". However, in the present invention, the total energy consumption can be reduced by reducing the pumping head of the seawater, so that the cost of carbon capture and storage is at least an order of magnitude lower than that of the prior CCS art. In coastal thermal power plant, the cost can be further reduced if cooling water is reused.|[0041] At the same time, the present invention has the effect of flue gas desulfurization because sulfur dioxide is also a kind of natural substance soluble and abundant in seawater, and sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is less than that of carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide is more soluble in water than carbon dioxide. Therefore, the present invention has also an effect of flue gas desulfurization.|[0042] Obviously, the application of the present invention can up-scale the commercial application of carbon capture and storage in the coastal areas where large carbon emission sources are located densely. In such condition, scale effect is prominent,|[0043] Double effects can be achieved if the present invention is applied in ocean shipping. The first one is that the carbon sink resources of the surface layer of ocean can be used so that the escaped carbon emissions which cannot be captured previously can be captured and kept in storage currently, which reduces the carbon emissions from ships at extremely low cost. The second one is to avoid using low sulphur fuel, indirectly reducing carbon emissions of oil refining industry. Therefore, the dual pressure under the international carbon reduction, sulfur reduction act can be released in shipping industry. Economic and green advantages can be maintained continuously.|[0044] There are especially important benefits if carbon capture and storage of the present invention is used for the air in its natural condition. The first reason is that the atmospheric circulation can be used for capturing all kinds of carbon emissions without transport cost, including the escaped carbon emissions which cannot be captured by other methods. The second one is that carbon capture and storage with zero energy consumption can be realized by using wind, ocean current, sunshine and other renewable energy. The third reason is that there is no limit on ocean area and peripheral supports are not needed so that a large number of apparatuses can be fixed in all kinds of ocean area.|[0045] Obviously, the present invention based on the earth science principle, has achieved good technical effects by adopting the method of natural engineering . The present invention provides an affordable and practical and effective technical policy for achieving the long-time desire of using ocean resources to respond to the climate change.|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0046] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the implementation steps of the process of seawater carbon capture and storage of the present invention.| Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the implementation steps of the process of seawater carbon capture and storage of the present invention.| Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the present invention used in a coastal gas-steam combined cycle power plant.| Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the present invention used in a coastal coal-fired power plant.| Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a marine ship of the present invention.| Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of water driven carbon capture and storage of atmosphere on ocean of the present invention.| Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of wind driven carbon capture and storage of atmosphere on ocean of the present invention.|[0047] Names of components or structures corresponding to the reference numbers in the drawings are provided as follows.|[0048] 1-burner; 2-carbon capture device; 2.1-water distributor; 2.2- altitude of water distributor; 2.3 water collector; 3-seawater pumping equipment; 3.1-seawater increase pump; 3.2- level of ocean; 4-seawater adjusting pump; 5- seawater outlet; 6-chimney; 7- seawater discharging pipe; 8-water regulator; 9- sea chest; 10- main seawater duct of ship; 11-cabin, 12-coast; 13-ocean current; 14-power equipment; 14.1-wind driven device; 14.2-water driven device; 14.3-power transmission device; 15-wind.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRERERRED EMBODIMENTS|[0049] The present invention provides a process of ocean carbon capture and storage, comprising steps of:| 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide of the gas is absorbed; and| 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean.|[0050] The term of "seawater" here should be read as natural seawater derived from the sea or ocean, including the natural seawater for cooling industrial facilities. The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by using the seawater without adding any other substance (e.g., adding alkali). Of course, in some applications, other additives can also be added to achieve special purposes, such as, in order to absorb some special components in the flue gas.|[0051] The term of "scrubbing" here should be read as the step of contact of seawater with the gas for the purpose of carbon dioxide capture. Contact can be performed in an apparatus including but not limited to: spray injector, bubbler, Venturi tower, sprayer, filter, rotary sprayer, grille, trays tower or packing tower.|[0052] The wording of "carbon capture" here should be read as the step of capturing CO2 in the gas containing carbon dioxide in the course of scrubbing. In the course of scrubbing, some of the CO2 is dissolved into the seawater to be a dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the after-scrubbing seawater.|[0053] The wording of "carbon storage" here should be read as the step of discharging the after-scrubbing seawater containing CO2 of the flue gas into the water column of ocean directly under normal pressure through pipes. In the course of carbon storage, concentrated CO2 is not needed before discharged. If needed, further dilution of CO2 can be performed by adding additional seawater to adjust the pH value of discharged seawater to comply with environmental regulations. Different requirements on the pH value of discharged seawater may be needed in different regions of the ocean, including different depths of the ocean.|[0054] The wording of "water column of ocean" here should be read as the seawater in the surface layer (tens of meters of depth), the middle layer (less than hundreds of meters of depth) or deep layer (more than hundreds of meters of depth). International Studies by IPCC and IEA show that the physical and chemical systems of water column of ocean, as well as the marine ecosystem, can absorb and store carbon dioxide friendly.|[0055] The flowing seawater, i.e. the ocean current can enhance the effect of ocean carbon storage. If the product of carbon capture is discharged into the ocean current of the water column of ocean that does not pass the inlet through which the scrubbing seawater is pumped, it can prevent the discharged seawater from flowing back to the inlet.|[0056] These are common knowledge that CO2 is soluble in water and the seawater can absorb more CO2. But so far, there is no report on any technical policy that seawater is used for carbon capture and storage. The reason is that the people skilled in the art are accustomed to considering that the only way to reduce cost to be affordable is purifying the captured CO2 into high concentration in a form of liquid, dense gaseous or solid to reduce material volume to reduce the cost of transportation and storage. Because the cost of the high-concentration solution is far from an affordable and practical technology, it is not possible of a person skilled in the art to think of any low-concentration policy.|[0057] The inventor of the present invention has been engaged in research on desulfurization by seawater scrubbing for a long time. The inventor accidentally found that the low-concentration solution of seawater scrubbing brings the effects of not only desulfurization, but also carbon capture and storage. Moreover, the inventor also found a method to greatly reduce costs, so that the cost is reduced to be affordable and practical.|[0058] What the invention of the present invention found firstly is that, in the prior technology of desulfurization of seawater scrubbing (FGD, EGC), less than 10% of the carbon dioxide in flue gas are usually dissolved into the scrubbing water, and they were driven into the atmosphere in the process of drainage and aeration treatment. Therefore, the inventor of the present invention carried out a test on FGD in a coastal power plant and a test on EGC in an ocean tanker for many years. The tests indicated it is possible that carbon dioxide dissolved in the seawater is not driven out or a small amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the seawater is driven out under the condition that the discharged seawater complies with the environmental regulations, if the technology of desulfurization of seawater scrubbing is modified properly.|[0059] The inventor of the present invention also found in a further test that increasing the volume of scrubbing seawater can result in that more than 10% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is captured and kept in storage. The inventor also found that the energy consumption and the cost, which increase in the course of increasing the volume of scrubbing seawater, can be reduced through a method of reducing the head of scrubbing seawater which is pumped. In this case, the cost for capture and storage of at least 20% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is usually affordable in a variety of applications, such as power plants and ships. The following part of the present application provides a detailed description of several examples that the cost for removing more carbon dioxide is affordable in several typical applications. In these examples, the purpose that no less than 30%, or 40%, or 50%, or 60%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is captured and kept in storage is finally achieved. In an example of coastal power plant, even 99% of CO2 in the flue gas is captured and kept in storage, and the increased cost is affordable.|[0060] Because a certain amount of water can dissolve limited amount of CO2 (generally 1m3 of freshwater can absorb about 0.8m3 of CO2 under normal temperature and pressure, and the seawater can absorb a little more CO2 than freshwater), a large amount of scrubbing seawater is needed if a large number of CO2 from flue gas is needed to be captured. For example, in an example of power plant, if all of the original cooling seawater is used to scrub flue gas, only about 30% of CO2 can be captured. If more than 90% of CO2 is needed to be captured, it is needed to add additional scrubbing seawater in amount that is about twice original cooling seawater. Generally speaking, it is a very huge amount. For the purpose of affordable cost, it is needed to adopt two technical strategies. The one is to reduce the energy consumption of pumping seawater, and the other is to increase the absorption efficiency of seawater to CO2 to minimize the amount of scrubbing seawater which is needed. Firstly, the head of pumping seawater, i.e. the altitude of carbon capture device, should be reduced to decrease the energy consumption of pumping seawater. In an example of a large power plant, the carbon capture device, to which the scrubbing seawater is pumped, at an altitude of 50m can meet the requirements. Of course, in other examples, 40m, or 30m can also meet the requirements. For some typical applications, such as power plants and marine ships, the following examples of the present application provide the detailed description. In these examples, carbon capture device, to which the scrubbing seawater is pumped, is configured at an altitude of no more than 20m, or 19m, or 15m, or 12m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 2m, or 1m. In another example, because the mean of tidal level in local area at different time vary greatly, the carbon capture device is set on a platform or a floating dock and the platform or floating dock has an adjustable altitude according to level of tide. In such case, the energy consumption of delivering seawater is reduced to the lowest level according to the principle that boats go up with the level of the water.|[0061] On the other hand, the inventor also found in test that, among all kinds of scrubbing apparatus, packing scrubber or absorption tower as the carbon capture device, is the best one for reducing amount of scrubbing seawater and reducing the head of pumping seawater. As a result, the energy consumption of pumping seawater is the lowest, and the operating is the most stable. Based on the long-termed experience of being engaged in desulfurization of seawater scrubbing and the test for absorption of carbon dioxide, the inventor of the present invention also found that the preferred dry packing factor of the packings is 5∼2000/m (the definition of dry packing factor can be found in manual of conventional packing industrial products). Such packings provide the best effect of carbon capture through seawater scrubbing. For example, packings of 5/m of dry packing factor can meet the requirements. In the following examples, the packing of 10/m, or 15/m, or 35/m, or 55/m, or 65/m, or 95/m, or 150/m, or 250/m, or 350/m, or 450/m, or 650/m, or 850/m, or 1000/m, or 1200/m, or 1500/m, or 1800/m, or 2000/m of dry packing factor can also meet the requirements. The packing scrubbing refers to the scrubbings which is performed by the large area contact between the scrubbing seawater and the discharged flue gas in the packings.|[0062] According to the above description, the inventor of the present invention found that the energy consumption of carbon capture is reduced finally and the total cost of CCS technology is reduced to a practical level through the strategies including packing scrubbing and reducing the head of pumping seawater. For example, in an example, the energy consumption of carbon dioxide capture is no more than 1000MJ/t (million joule/ton), which is practical. For the applications of the power plant and marine ships, the following examples show that the energy consumption of carbon capture is no more than 500 MJ/t, or 400 MJ/t, or 350 MJ/t, or 300 MJ/t, or 250 MJ/t, or 200 MJ/t, or 150 MJ/t, or 100 MJ/t, or 60 MJ/t, or 50 MJ/t, or 40MJ/t, or 30 MJ/t, or 20 MJ/t, or 10 MJ/t, or 5 MJ/t, which is also practical.|[0063] The inventor of the present invention further found that the carbon capture and storage can be used for the air in its natural state (DAC) on the sea according to the present invention, which has a good effect of reducing carbon content in the atmosphere. In the following examples, what are only used are the mechanical energy and/or electrical energy coming from the wind on the sea, and/or ocean current waves, and/or sunlight and other natural energy, which are all renewable energy. It means that the energy consumption is zero. Therefore, the running cost is very low and only construction and depreciation costs are required and electric power generation and transport and peripheral supports are not needed. Moreover, the construction cost is also very low. On the other hand, the purpose of building a lot of wind driven and wave driven generation facilities is to replace the offshore fossil energy to reduce the atmosphere carbon emissions finally. However, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be captured and kept in storage directly according to the present invention. In this case, the efficiency of reducing carbon is higher.|[0064] Further detailed description of the present invention is provided in the following examples according to the drawings.|Example 1|[0065] This is a basic example of the process of ocean carbon capture and storage of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the process includes the steps of: 1) carbon capture including scrubbing gas containing carbon dioxide with pumped seawater to produce after-scrubbing seawater as a product of carbon capture in which the carbon dioxide in the gas is absorbed; and 2) carbon storage including discharging the product of carbon capture into the water column of ocean to realize ocean storage.|[0066] In a varied example based on this example, in step 2), the product of carbon capture is discharged into the water column of ocean under normal pressure through a pipe. The whole course from the carbon capture to the carbon storage is a consecutive reaction.|[0067] In another varied example based on this example, the process further comprises adjusting a ratio of volume of the seawater to volume of carbon dioxide in the product of carbon capture to adjust pH value of the product of carbon capture discharged into the ocean.|[0068] In another varied example based on this example, the process further comprises discharging the product of carbon capture into an ocean current in the water column of ocean that does not pass the location where the scrubbing seawater is pumped.|[0069] In following varied examples based on this example, the process further comprises discharging the product of carbon capture into the surface layer, and/or the middle layer, and/or the deep layer of the water column of ocean.|Example 2|[0070] This is another basic example of the process of ocean carbon capture and storage of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the gas containing carbon dioxide is the flue gas discharged from the burning of fossil fuel and the process includes the steps of: a. continuously leading flue gas containing carbon dioxide which is discharged from a burner for burning fossil fuel into a carbon capture device; b. continuously leading seawater into the carbon capture device; c. providing packings in the carbon capture device to enlarge contact area of the flue gas of step a and the seawater of step b to enhance absorbance of the carbon dioxide by the seawater; d. continuously discharging scrubbed flue gas into atmosphere; e. continuously discharging the seawater containing carbon dioxide generated in step c from the carbon capture device; and f. continuously discharging the seawater containing carbon dioxide generated in step e into a carbon capture location in the water column of ocean to realize the carbon storage; wherein the fossil fuel is selected from a group consisting of coal, oil and gas; and the burner is selected from a group consisting of a boiler of a steam turbine, an internal combustion engine and a gas turbine which are used in a coastal power plant or a marine ship; and the flue gas is generated from burning of the fossil fuel; and the seawater of step b is the seawater pumped from an ocean to be used for scrubbing directly, and/or is the seawater pumped from an ocean to cool the burner firstly before being used for scrubbing.|Example 3|[0071] This is an example based on above Example 2. As shown in Figure 2, at least 10% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|[0072] In a varied example based on this example, at least 20% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|[0073] In more varied examples based on this example, at least 30%, or 40%, or 50%, 60%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas in step a is removed compared with the scrubbed flue gas in step d.|Example 4|[0074] This is an example based on Example 2. The difference between the decreased pH value of the seawater containing carbon dioxide discharged continuously in step e and the pH value of the seawater at the discharging location, is on more than 2 pH unit. This pH value is achieved through configuring the volume of flue gas which is led into the carbon capture device, the volume of scrubbing seawater and ratio of gas to liquid. The purpose is to comply with the relevant laws and technical standards for marine drainage.|Example 5|[0075] This is a basic example of the apparatus of ocean capture and storage for carrying out the process of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the apparatus includes:| a burner 1 for producing the flue gas from the burning of fossil fuel;| a carbon capture device 2, which is connected to the burner to scrub the flue gas to capture carbon dioxide;| a seawater pumping equipment 3 for leading seawater into the carbon capture device 2;| a chimney 6 for leading cleaned flue gas out of the carbon capture device 2; and| a seawater discharging pipe 7.|Wherein, the carbon capture device 2 comprises a water distributor 2.1. A packing layer is provided in the carbon capture device 2.|A seawater outlet 5 of the carbon capture device 2 is connected to the discharging pipe 7; and an outlet of the discharging pipe 7 is located in the water column of ocean.|Example 6|[0076] This is an example based on Example 5. The carbon capture device 2 comprises the water distributor 2.1. The altitude 2.2 of the water distributor is not more than 20m, and the altitude 2.2 of the water distributor is defined by a distance between a horizontal centre of the water distributor 2.1 and level of ocean 3.2 where the scrubbing seawater is pumped into the seawater pumping equipment 3.|[0077] In more varied examples based on this example, the altitude 2.2 of the water distributor is not more than 19m, 15m, 12m, 10m, 9m, 8m, 6m, 5m, 4m, 2m, 1m.|[0078] The purpose of reducing the altitude 2.2 of the water distributor is to reduce the energy consumption of delivering seawater. This energy consumption is the main energy consumption of the CCS technology in the present invention.|[0079] The packing layer is provided in the carbon capture device 2. The packing layer is composed of industrial bulk packings, and the dry packing factor of the packings is 5/m.|[0080] In one varied example based on this example, the dry packing factor of the packings is 30/m.|[0081] In several other varied example based on this example, the dry packing factor of the packings is 60 / m, 120 / m, 200 / m, 300 / m, 400 / m, 500 / m, 600 / m, 700 / m, 800 / m, 900 / m, 1000 / m, 1200 / m, 1400 / m. 1600 / m, 1800 / m, 2000 / m respectively.|[0082] In a varied example based on this example, the packing layer is composed of regular packings. In another varied example based on this example, the packing layer is composed of perforated plate packings.|[0083] In a varied example based on this example, the packing layer is composed of the combination of various packings.|Example 7|[0084] This is an example based on Example 5. As shown in Figure 4, Seawater pumping equipment 3 connected to carbon capture device 2 is the seawater cooling system for burner 1.|[0085] In a varied example based on this example, seawater pumping equipment 3 is the seawater increase pump 3.1.|[0086] In another varied example based on this example, seawater pumping equipment 3 is the seawater cooling system for the burner 1 and the seawater increase pump 3.1. The purpose of such configuration is to provide a greater amount of water to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.|Example 8|[0087] This is an example of coastal gas-steam combined cycle power plant. As shown in Figure 3, there are three sets of gas-steam combined cycle generating units in the plant. Power of each generating unit is 400MW, and the total power is 1200MW. There are two phases of implementation in this example.|[0088] In the first phase of implementation, carbon dioxide in flue gas of one generating unit is captured. At least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is captured to be dissolved into the scrubbing seawater and is discharged into the water column of ocean. About 1 million tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage per year.|[0089] A project of high concentration carbon capture and storage has been performed in this plant previously. In the project, carbon dioxide in flue gas of one generating unit is captured. About 1 million tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage per year. The process of the project includes the steps of absorption, desorption, purification, compression and transportation of carbon dioxide. The captured carbon dioxide of high concentration is injected into submarine oil field for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). A special platform is provided in the ocean. The project belongs to the submarine geological storage. After the project is completed, although Enhanced Oil Recovery can bring a certain income and the total cost of the project is lower than that of other non EOR CCS, the total cost is still unaffordable. Therefore, the project was finally terminated.|[0090] The carbon capture device of the present example is installed in an empty space prepared for previous CCS project. The area needed by the carbon capture device is only a fifth of the area of previous space. The altitude of water distributor of carbon capture device is about 10m. Existing seawater cooling system is used directly as seawater leading equipment. The existing inlet and outlet for cooling water in the plant are also used directly, and the depth of the oulet in the water column is more than 150m. In the coastal plant, for the purpose of cooling efficiency, outlet for cooling water is originally located in the water column of the ocean where the ocean current does not pass the inlet for cooling water. In this case, after the carbon dioxide captured through scrubbing is discharged, the carbon dioxide is diffused and diluted rapidly with the ocean current, which further lessen the original tiny impact on marine environment. The energy consumption of capturing carbon dioxide is not more than 100MJ/t, and the cost for building and operating the CCS devices is 1/10 of the original cost of project of high concentration.|[0091] In the second phase of implementation, more carbon capture devices and seawater pumps are added on the basis of the first phase of implementation, in order to perform the seawater scrubbing carbon capture and ocean water column carbon storage for other two generating units. After the completion of the second phase of implementation, about 3 million tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage in the plant.|[0092] In one varied example based on this example, the carbon capture device is set on a platform that has an adjustable height according to level of tide. In another varied example based on this example, the carbon capture device is set on a floating dock. Thus the energy consumption for pumping seawater can be the lowest regardless of flux and reflux.|Example 9|[0093] This is an example of coastal coal power plants. As shown in Figure 4, the burner is a 600MW coal-fired generating unit, There are two phases of implementation in this example.|[0094] In the first phase of implementation, at least 25% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas of generating unit is captured to be dissolved into the scrubbing seawater. 70,000t/h of cooling water in the plant is used as the scrubbing seawater directly. About 800 thousand tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage per year.|[0095] In the second phase of implementation, about 95% of carbon dioxide in the flue gas of generating unit is captured to be dissolved into the scrubbing seawater. 210,000t/h of scrubbing seawater is added. The seawater is delivered through added seawater leading pumps. After the completion of the second phase of implementation, about 3 million tons of carbon dioxide is captured and kept in storage for the generating unit.|[0096] Packing tower is used in the carbon capture device to reduce the altitude, and the altitude of the water distributor is about 9m. Organic braided membrane water pipes are used to discharge the seawater to the middle layer of the water column in the sea, which is about 300m depth of the water volume, to realize the ocean carbon storage.|[0097] In the present example, CO2 emission of the flue gas of the power plant is reduced by 80%. The energy consumption for capturing carbon dioxide is not more than 200MJ/t.|Example 10|[0098] This example is shown in Figure 4. A seawater adjusting pump 4 is connected to a water regulator to adjust the pH value of the scrubbing seawater discharged into the ocean. This is a better way to control the pH value of discharged seawater and the energy consumption is the lowest.|[0099] The after-scrubbing seawater containing carbon dioxide is discharged into a layer between the surface level and the sea bed, which is the 800m depth of middle layer of the water column in the ocean.|[0100] In a varied example based on this example, the after-scrubbing seawater containing carbon dioxide is discharged into 1500m depth of deep layer of the water column in the ocean. Studies indicated that: carbon dioxide can be kept in storage for more than a thousand years if the carbon dioxide is discharged into more than a thousand meters depth in the ocean.|Example 11|[0101] This is an example of a marine ship. As shown in Figure 5, the burner 1 includes a two-stroke ship diesel engine with 130MW. Heavy oil of sulfur 3.5%v-v is used as the fuel. The volume of generated CO2 is about 8100 Nm3/h. The carbon capture device is configured to substitute the original muffler. The altitude of the water distributor is 6m based on the load waterline. The volume of scrubbing seawater for carbon capture and storage is about 5800 t/h. Seawater increase pump 3.1 can be adjusted to control the pH value of discharged seawater. In the present example, CO2 emission of the ship flue gas is reduced by 50 ∼ 70% (specific value is related to the quality and temperature of the seawater where the ship sails), and SO2 emission is reduced by 98%. The effect is equivalent to use of 0.5%S fuel. Therefore, the existing oil with low cost can be still used after 2020 when the limitation to sulfur in global shipping will be performed by the United Nations. The energy consumption of capturing carbon dioxide is not more than 20MJ/t. The cost for the whole process is equivalent to 0.6% of the fuel consumption of the engine in full power. The discharging of seawater complies with the rules of MEPC in MARPOL annex VI. The after-scrubbing seawater is discharged into the surface layer of the water column in the ocean.|[0102] In this example, the detection and control of pH value of seawater in the inlet and outlet is provided, which complies with the rules of MEPC in MARPOL annex VI. The flue gas of engine is scrubbed with seawater in the running ship and no chemical agent is added. The difference of pH value between discharged scrubbing seawater and the seawater in inlet is no more than 2 pH unit. Therefore, the scrubbing seawater can be discharged into the ocean directly, i.e. into the surface layer of water column of the ocean.|[0103] In a varied example of building a new ship based on this example, the fuel of the ship is LNG. In this case, the carbon emissions are less than the emission from coal and oil, but it is still a kind of fossil energy needed to reduce and control the carbon emissions.|Example 12|[0104] This is an example of apparatus of carbon direct air capture (DAC) and storage on the sea. As shown in Figure 6, the apparatus comprises:| a carbon capture device 2;| a seawater pumping equipment 3 for leading seawater into the carbon capture device 2;| a power equipment 14 for providing power for the seawater pumping equipment 3;| a water distributor 2.1 which is over the carbon capture device 2;| a water collector 2.3 which is under the carbon capture device 2; and| a water discharging pipe 7 which is connected to the water collector 2.3.|The apparatus is fixed on a platform floating on the ocean. The platform is anchored to the seabed.|[0105] In a varied example based on this example, the apparatus is fixed on an ocean platform which is connected to the seabed rigidly. In another example based on this example, the apparatus is fixed on an ocean moveable platform.|Example 13|[0106] This is an example based on Example 12. As show in Figure 6, the power equipment 14 comprises:| a water driven device 14.2;| a power transmission device 14.3 which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment 3 to transmit the power provided by the water driven device 14.2 to the seawater pumping equipment 3, wherein the power transmission device 14.3 is a mechanical transmission device.|[0107] In a varied example based on this example, the power transmission device 14.3 is an electromechanical transmission device composed of a water driven generator and electromotor.|Example 14|[0108] This is another example based on Example 12. As show in Figure 7, the power equipment 14 comprises:| a wind driven device 14.1;| a power transmission device 14.3 which is connected to the seawater pumping equipment 3 to transmit the power provided by the wind driven device 14.1 to the seawater pumping equipment 3, wherein the power transmission device 14.3 is a mechanical transmission device.|[0109] In this example, a water discharging pipe 7 is connected to the water collector 2.3 under the carbon capture device 2. The outlet of the water discharging pipe 7 is located in the water column of an ocean to discharge the scrubbing seawater containing carbon dioxide into the ocean. Vertical axis rotor is used in the wind driven device. Alternatively, horizontal axis rotor can also be used. The wind driven device transforms the captured wind energy into the rotating mechanical energy to drive the seawater pumping equipment to pump seawater directly. The effect of scrubbing the captured carbon dioxide will be better if the seawater in deeper layer of ocean is pumped. If the water lever in the water collector under the carbon capture device drives the scrubbing seawater into the deeper layer of ocean, the effect of carbon storage will be better. The power transmission device 14.3 has a function of mechanical speed regulation. The carbon capture device 2 is designed to be open vertically to be helpful for capturing the wind. The packings composed of grid plates and grids are provided to improve the efficiency of scrubbing.|[0110] In a varied example based on this example, hollow spray tower is used as the carbon capture device. In another varied example based on this example, conventional washing tower is used as the carbon capture device. In another varied example based on this example, the scrubbing seawater is not collected by the water collector but sprayed on the surface of ocean directly.|[0111] In another varied example based on this example, a blower is used to blow air in the carbon capture device. The power of blower comes from the wind driven device too.|[0112] The apparatuses in the above example are kind of carbon reduction windmill apparatuses. The manufacturing and maintaining cost of the apparatus is far lower than the one of wind driven generator with the same rotor diameter. The effect of reducing the atmospheric carbon content of the apparatus is many times the one of the latter because multistage energy conversion is not required.|Example 15|[0113] This is another example based on Example 12. The power equipment 14 comprises:| a wind driven device 14.1;| a power transmission device 14.3;|wherein the power transmission device 14.3 is an electromechanical transmission device composed of a water driven generator and electromotor. Offshore wind driven generator is used as the power equipment 14 directly.|[0114] In a varied example based on this example, solar power equipments are used as the power equipment 14 directly.|[0115] The protection scope of the claim of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. | Family Number|(78061405)|78061405|Abstract|(WO2017211312 A1)|L'invention porte sur un procédé et un dispositif de capture et de stockage du carbone océanique (CCS) pour effectuer une capture et un stockage de carbone par rapport à un gaz résiduaire rejeté par des installations marines consommant de l'énergie fossile, tel qu'une centrale électrique côtière, un navire, ou dans l'atmosphère. Sur la base d'un concept géotechnique dans lequel une grande quantité de dioxyde de carbone est stockée dans l'océan, une technique d'ingénierie naturelle est utilisée pour effectuer un lavage sur des gaz d'échappement provenant de la combustion de combustibles fossiles et/ou pour effectuer une capture de carbone par rapport à l'air. L'eau de mer pour le lavage dans laquelle le dioxyde de carbone est dissous est régulée de telle sorte que des indicateurs comprenant la valeur du pH répondent aux règles de l'environnement, puis l'eau de mer est injectée dans la zone etropélagique, la zone de bathypélagique ou la zone abyssopélagique pour le stockage du carbone. De plus, l'écoulement d'un courant océanique facilite un effet de stockage.|Provided is an ocean carbon capture and storage (ocean CCS) method and device for performing carbon capture and storage with respect to waste gas exhausted from marine facilities consuming fossil energy, such as a seashore power plant, a ship, or in the atmosphere. On the basis of a geoengineering concept in which a large amount of carbon dioxide is stored in the ocean, a natural engineering technique is used to perform scrubbing on waste gas from combustion of fossil fuels and/or perform carbon capture with respect to the air. The seawater for scrubbing in which carbon dioxide is dissolved is controlled such that indicators including the pH value meet environmental regulations, and then the seawater is injected to the epipelagic zone, the bathypelagic zone or the abyssopelagic zone for carbon storage. Moreover, flowing of an ocean current facilitates a storage effect.|(CN107485968 A)|The invention relates to a seawater type carbon capture and storage method and a seawater type carbon capture and storage apparatus ( Ocean CCS ) , wherein the method and the apparatus are used for performing carbon capture and storage on waste gas discharged by coastal power plants , marine vessels and other fossil energy marine facilities and atmosphere . According to the present invention , the geoengineering principle that oceans can store carbon dioxide massively and friendly is used ; and a natural engineering method is used , wherein fossil fuel waste gas and / or air is washed with seawater so as to perform carbon capture , the washing seawater with dissolved carbon dioxide is injected into the sea surface layer or the middle layer or the deep layer water body by controlling the pH value and other indexes under the meeting of environmental laws and regulations so as to perform carbon storage in the sea , and the storage effect is enhanced by using ocean current diffusion , such that the affordable , feasible and effective technical scheme is provided for achieving the long - term desire for using the marine resources to respond to the climate change . |(US11045758 B2)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change.|(CA3025952 C)|L'invention porte sur un procédé et un dispositif de capture et de stockage du carbone océanique (CCS) pour effectuer une capture et un stockage de carbone par rapport à un gaz résiduaire rejeté par des installations marines consommant de l'énergie fossile, tel qu'une centrale électrique côtière, un navire, ou dans l'atmosphère. Sur la base d'un concept géotechnique dans lequel une grande quantité de dioxyde de carbone est stockée dans l'océan, une technique d'ingénierie naturelle est utilisée pour effectuer un lavage sur des gaz d'échappement provenant de la combustion de combustibles fossiles et/ou pour effectuer une capture de carbone par rapport à l'air. L'eau de mer pour le lavage dans laquelle le dioxyde de carbone est dissous est régulée de telle sorte que des indicateurs comprenant la valeur du pH répondent aux règles de l'environnement, puis l'eau de mer est injectée dans la zone etropélagique, la zone de bathypélagique ou la zone abyssopélagique pour le stockage du carbone. De plus, l'écoulement d'un courant océanique facilite un effet de stockage.|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change.|(AU2017276466 B2)|Provided is an ocean carbon capture and storage (ocean CCS) method and device for performing carbon capture and storage with respect to waste gas exhausted from marine facilities consuming fossil energy, such as a seashore power plant, a ship, or in the atmosphere. On the basis of a geoengineering concept in which a large amount of carbon dioxide is stored in the ocean, a natural engineering technique is used to perform scrubbing on waste gas from combustion of fossil fuels and/or perform carbon capture with respect to the air. The seawater for scrubbing in which carbon dioxide is dissolved is controlled such that indicators including the pH value meet environmental regulations, and then the seawater is injected to the epipelagic zone, the bathypelagic zone or the abyssopelagic zone for carbon storage. Moreover, flowing of an ocean current facilitates a storage effect.|(SG11201810876S B)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change. (Figure 3) 29|(EP3470131 A4)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO 2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change.|(IN-382031 B)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change.|(JP2019524424 A)|The present invention relates to methods and equipment for the recovery and storage of ocean carbon (ocean CCS) and direct air recovery (DAC) that can be used to perform the carbon recovery and storage of smoke exhausted from ocean facilities that use fossil energy, such as coast power plants and ships. Natural engineering methods are employed in the present invention, wherein natural seawater is used to clean and dissolve CO2 gas for carbon recovery. Carbonate neutralization of natural seawater and formed bicarbonate are used for marine storage in the water column. A low lift and a high water flow are used to save energy. Drainage is compliant with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable, environmentally friendly and effective means for using carbon absorption and reservoir marine biology systems to address climate fluctuations.|(HK1247586 A1)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO 2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change.(From EP3470131 A1)|(US11648507 B2)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change.|(CN113877368 A)|The invention relates to an ocean carbon capture storage ( Ocean CCS ) method and device which are used for carrying out carbon capture storage on waste gas discharged by ocean fossil energy facilities such as coastal power plants and ocean ships and on atmosphere . The method comprises the following steps of : washing fossil fuel waste gas and / or air with seawater to capture carbon by using a natural engineering method according to the earth engineering principle that an ocean can store carbon dioxide in a massive and friendly manner ; and injecting the seawater in which the carbon dioxide is dissolved into the surface layer or middle layer of the ocean or into a deep water body for ocean carbon sequestration under the condition that indexes such as pH value and the like are controlled to meet environmental regulations , and improving sequestration effect through ocean current diffusion . Thus , an affordable and feasible effective technical scheme is added for achieving the long - term desire of people for coping with climate changes through ocean resources . |(MY-193676 A)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change. Figure 3|(ID202000683 A)|Provided is an ocean carbon capture and storage (ocean CCS) method and device for performing carbon capture and storage with respect to waste gas exhausted from marine facilities consuming fossil energy, such as a seashore power plant, a ship, or in the atmosphere. On the basis of a geoengineering concept in which a large amount of carbon dioxide is stored in the ocean, a natural engineering technique is used to perform scrubbing on waste gas from combustion of fossil fuels and/or perform carbon capture with respect to the air. The seawater for scrubbing in which carbon dioxide is dissolved is controlled such that indicators including the pH value meet environmental regulations, and then the seawater is injected to the epipelagic zone, the bathypelagic zone or the abyssopelagic zone for carbon storage. Moreover, flowing of an ocean current facilitates a storage effect.|(CN118904027 A)|According to the technical scheme , the seawater type carbon capture and storage method and device are suitable for reducing carbon emission on a large scale in fossil energy thermodynamic systems of coastal power stations , metallurgy , chemical engineering and the like . According to the scheme , fossil fuel flue gas is washed by seawater under normal pressure for carbon capture , then washing seawater dissolved with carbon dioxide is injected into a marine water body under the condition that indexes such as the pH value are controlled to conform to international marine convention and national environmental regulations , and hydrocarbon ion mode marine carbon sequestration friendly to marine ecological environment is implemented ; therefore , a feasible technical solution is provided for people to realize the desire of effectively slowing down climate change by utilizing ocean natural carbon sink and green and low - carbon transformation of fossil energy . |(CN119113719 A)|The invention relates to a seawater type air direct carbon capture and storage method and device ( Ocean DACCS ) . According to the scheme , direct carbon capture and ocean storage are carried out on air only through natural seawater , and natural energy sources such as wind energy , light energy and wave energy are used for driving ; a low - cost large - scale clean negative emission climate retarding solution with zero carbon footprint , zero artificial chemical footprint and zero land physical footprint is formed . |(CN119113720 A)|The marine ship seawater type carbon capture and storage method and device are suitable for fossil energy ocean facilities such as ocean ships ( including ocean platforms ) , and carbon emission is reduced through ocean natural carbon sink resources . According to the scheme , only sea water is used for washing marine ship fuel oil / gas engine tail gas for carbon capture , then washing sea water dissolved with carbon dioxide is injected into ocean water under the condition that indexes such as the pH value are controlled to conform to the international ocean convention and environmental regulations , hydrocarbon ion mode ocean permanent carbon sequestration is implemented , and the marine permanent carbon sequestration effect is achieved . Therefore , a technical solution which not only can fulfill the Paris agreement but also can keep the economic and green congenital advantages of the shipping industry is provided for the international shipping industry of which the carbon emission is located in the sixth world . |(SG10202260157X B)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change.|(CN119327229 A)|The invention relates to a seawater type air direct carbon capture and storage method and device ( Ocean DACCS ) . According to the scheme , direct carbon capture and ocean storage are carried out on air only through natural seawater , and natural energy sources such as wind energy , light energy and wave energy are used for driving ; a low - cost large - scale clean negative emission climate retarding solution with zero carbon footprint , zero artificial chemical footprint and zero land physical footprint is formed . |Title|(WO2017211312 A1)|Ocean carbon capture and storage method and device|(US11045758 B2)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(US20180161719 A1)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(CA3025952 A1)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(CA3025952 C)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(AU2017276466 B2)|Ocean carbon capture and storage method and device|(AU2017276466 A2)|Ocean carbon capture and storage method and device|(AU2017276466 A1)|Ocean carbon capture and storage method and device|(SG11201810876S A)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(SG11201810876S B)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(EP3470131 A4)|Ocean carbon capture and storage method and device|(EP3470131 A1)|Ocean carbon capture and storage method and device|(IN-382031 B)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(IN201827048980 A)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(HK1247586 A1)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(HK1247586 A)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(US11648507 B2)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(US20210275960 A1)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(CN113877368 A)|Ocean carbon capture storage method and device |(JP7656155 B2)|Methods for Collection and Storage of Ocean Carbon, and Equipment|(MY-193676 A)|Process and apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage|(ID202000683 A)|Ocean carbon capture and 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A)|陈湘筑: "《环境工程 下》", 30 June 1999, 教育科学出版社, pages: 119 - 120 (Cat. A) | |CN106731510; CN106076066; CN105587294; CN105819445; CN101852332; US8551221; XP055554484|JP03188924; JP2008029975; JP01094916; JP2001227322; JP2009112996; JP2012179521; JP11290643; JP58174228U; JP2019524424; CN105498492; US20150191385; JP2000262888; JP2015514566; JP2015047564; KR102113348; KR20130073790; JP2013027864; JP2007008732; JP04141217; WO200914016|US5397553; US6406219; US6881389; US20080025852; US20120192564; CN2013144178; US4235607; US5293751; US6254667; US8551221; US20110100218; CN1262145; CN101732961; CN101852332; CN102112207; JP2013144178; CN105498492; CN105587294; CN105819445; CN106076066; CN106731510; EP-408979; EP-982065; EP1116517; JP04104834|||||US6254667; US20080025852; US20120192564; US6881389|US6254667; US6406219; US20080025852; US20120192564; US6881389; US4235607; US5293751; US8551221; US20110100218; CN1262145; CN101732961; CN101852332; CN102112207; CN105498492; CN105587294; CN105819445; CN106076066; CN106731510; EP-408979; EP-982065; EP1116517; JP04104834; WO2013144178|US6254667; US6881389; US6406219|CN106731510; CN106076066; CN105587294; CN105819445; CN101852332; US8551221; XP055652129; XP055652136; XP055652358; XP055652104; XP055841475|JP03188924; JP2008029975; JP2015047563; JP01094916; JP2001227322; JP2010209591; JP2003326155; JP2000262888||||||US4235607; CN102316960; KR20130073790; CN103813982|US4235607; EP-982065; CN102112207B; WO2013144178; CN105498492|CN106076066; EP1116517; EP-982065 | (EP3470131)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-URS NEWZEALAND: "CAPTURE OF CO2 USING WATER SCRUBBING", 31 July 2000 (2000-07-31), pages 1 - 81, XP055652129, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH3_26%20Water%20scrubbing.pdf>|-JESPER KJOLHOLT ET AL: "ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF SCRUBBER WATER DISCHARGES ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT", 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), pages 1 - 93, XP055652136, ISBN: 978-87-9290-330-3, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2012/06/978-87-92903-30-3.pdf> [retrieved on 20191212]|-UPEKSHA CALDERA ET AL: "Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and wind energy: A global estimate", DESALINATION., vol. 385, 1 May 2016 (2016-05-01), NL, pages 207 - 216, XP055652358, ISSN: 0011-9164, DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004|-GREG H. RAU: "CO 2 Mitigation via Capture and Chemical Conversion in Seawater", ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 3, 1 February 2011 (2011-02-01), US, pages 1088 - 1092, XP055652104, ISSN: 0013-936X, DOI: 10.1021/es102671x|-WEISS R F: "CARBON DIOXIDE IN WATER AND SEAWATER: THE SOLUBILITY OF A NON-IDEAL GAS", MARINE CHEMISTRY, 2 (1974), vol. 29, no. 22, 31 December 1974 (1974-12-31), Amsterdam, pages 203 - 215, XP055841475, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/0304420374900152?token=1203E73A6266509FFC89CCFBFDCE41C4464BB0478339D1DA78FFD97551B272ECF5D1E186A5B5533FFDFD93B7223757DF&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210915142859>|-See also references of WO 2017211312A1||(US11648507)|Applicant references|-Wang Jianghai, et al., “Marine Carbon Sequestration: Current Situation, Problems and Future.” Advances in Earth Science, 2015, 30 (1); 17-25, doi; 10.11867/j. issn. 1001-8166.2015.01.0017.|-Urs Newzealand: “Capture of CO2 Using Water Scrubbing”, Report PH3/26; Jul. 31, 2000 (Jul. 31. 2000); pp. 1-81.|-Jesper Kjolholt et al: “Assessment of Possible Impacts of Scrubber Water Discharges on the Marine Environment”, Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency; Environmental Project No. 1431. 2012; Jan. 1, 2012; pp. 1-93.|-Upeksha Caldera et al: “Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and wind energy: A global estimate”, Desalination, Desalination 385; vol. 385, May 1, 2016; pp. 207-216.|-Greg H. Rau: “CO2 Mitigation via Capture and Chemical Conversion in Seawater”, Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45, No. 3, Feb. 1, 2011; pp. 1-5.||(US11045758)|Applicant references|-Wang Jianghai, et al., “Marine Carbon Sequestration: Current Situation, Problems and Future.” Advances in Earth Science, 2015, 30 (1); 17-25, doi; 10.11867/j. issn. 1001-8166.2015.01.0017.|-Urs Newzealand: “Capture of CO2 Using Water Scrubbing”, Report PH3/26; Jul. 31, 2000 (Jul. 31, 2000); pp. 1-81.|-Jesper Kjolholt et al: “Assessment of Possible Impacts of Scrubber Water Discharges on the Marine Environment”, Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency; Environmental Project No. 1431. 2012; Jan. 1, 2012; pp. 1-93.|-Upeksha Caldera et al: “Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and wind energy: A global estimate”, Desalination, Desalination 385; vol. 385, May 1, 2016; pp. 207-216.|-Greg H. Rau: “CO2 Mitigation via Capture and Chemical Conversion in Seawater”, Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45, No. 3, Feb. 1, 2011; pp. 1-5.||(WO2017/211312)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-WANG, JIANGHAI ET AL.: "Marine Carbon Sequestration: Current Situation, Problems and Future", ADVANCES IN EARTH SCIENCE, vol. 30, no. 1, 31 January 2015 (2015-01-31), pages 17 - 25, XP055554484, ISSN: 1001-8166|-See also references of EP 3470131A4|||||||||||||||||| | GRANTED | (EP3470131)|REVOKED|(US11648507)|GRANTED|(US11045758)|GRANTED|(WO2017/211312)|LAPSED|(WO2017/211147)|LAPSED|(JP7656155)|GRANTED|(JP2019524424)|REVOKED|(CN119327229)|PENDING|(CN119113720)|PENDING|(CN119113719)|LAPSED|(CN118904027)|PENDING|(CN113877368)|REVOKED|(CN107485968)|REVOKED|(SG10202260157X)|GRANTED|(CA3025952)|GRANTED|(SG11201810876S)|GRANTED|(MY193676)|GRANTED|(AU2017276466)|GRANTED|(IN382031)|GRANTED|(ID2020/00683)|LAPSED|(HK1247586)|LAPSED | ALIVE | 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country=EP|Publication number=EP3470131|Publication stage code=A4|Publication date=2020-01-22|Standardized publication number=EP3470131|Event publication date=2020-01-22|Event code=EP/A4|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Administrative notifications|Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched|Effective date of the event=2019-12-20|Event publication date=2020-01-22|Event code=EP/RIC1|Event group=Classification modifications Corrections|Information provided on IPC code assigned before grant|Event publication date=2020-01-22|Event code=EP/RIC1|Event group=Classification modifications Corrections|Information provided on IPC code assigned before grant|Event publication date=2020-02-26|Event code=EP/RIC1|Event group=Classification modifications Corrections|Information provided on IPC code assigned before grant|Event publication date=2020-02-26|Event code=EP/RIC1|Event group=Classification modifications Corrections|Information provided on IPC code assigned before grant|Event publication date=2021-10-01|Event code=EP/STAAEX|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Examination is in progress|Original code: STAA|Event publication date=2021-11-03|Event code=EP/17Q|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|First examination report|Erster pruefungsbescheid|Effective date of the event=2021-10-01|Event publication date=2022-06-29|Event code=EP/RAP1|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Rights of an application transferred|Anmelder uebertragung (korr.)|OWNER:MARINE PROTECH LIMITED|Event publication date=2022-06-29|Event code=EP/RIN1|Event group=Change of name or address Corrections|Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)|INVENTOR:PENG, SIGAN|Event publication date=2024-06-14|Event code=EP/STAARF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|The application has been refused|Original code: STAA|Event publication date=2024-07-17|Event code=EP/18R|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Application refused|Effective date of the event=2023-12-06|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2023-12-06|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2023-12-06|Event code=EP/REG|Event code=DE/R003|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Reference to a national code|Refusal decision now final|Rechtskraft des zurueckweisungsbeschlusses|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|(US11648507)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US11648507|Actual or expected expiration date=2037-09-01|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US17329808|Application date=2021-05-25|Standardized application number=2021US-17329808|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:IQBAL, SYED TAHA|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1736|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: C6514-001A|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 22429|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=Yes|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:PENG, SIGAN|Reel/frame:056344/0944|OWNER:ZERO CARBON ENERGY INNOVATION UNION INC, CALIFORNIA|Effective date of the event=2020-11-27|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/PTARDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent Term Adjustment - Ready for Examination|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/PET|Event group=APL|Petition Entered|Event publication date=2021-05-25|Event code=US/ENT|Event group=Administrative notifications|Entity Status Set to Undiscounted|Event publication date=2021-06-02|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Event publication date=2021-06-03|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2021-07-12|Event code=US/PTDI|Event group=OAO|Petition Decision - Dismissed|Event publication date=2021-08-23|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2021-09-09|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20210275960|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2021-09-09|Standardized publication number=US20210275960|Event publication date=2021-09-09|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2022-10-01|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2022-11-04|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2022-11-08|Event code=US/112NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2022-11-08|R4R=112b|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-20|Event publication date=2022-11-08|Event code=US/102NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 102 - non-novel subject matter in claims|RJD=2022-11-08|R4R=102a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-6, 9 and 19; 1-6, 8, 9 and 20|RJCT=US6406219|RJCT=US5397553|Event publication date=2022-11-08|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2022-11-08|R4R=103|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 7; 10-15|RJCT=US20080025852|RJCT=US6406219|RJCT=US20120192564|RJCT=US6881389|Event publication date=2023-02-03|Event code=US/CTNFR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Non-Final Action|Event publication date=2023-02-14|Event code=US/NOAV|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed|Event publication date=2023-02-16|Event code=US/NOAM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|Mail Notice of Allowance|Event publication date=2023-03-10|Event code=US/ANA|Event group=Corrections OAI|Amendment after Notice of Allowance (Rule 312)|Event publication date=2023-03-15|Event code=US/N271|Event group=Examination events OAO|Response to Amendment under Rule 312|Event publication date=2023-04-05|Event code=US/N084|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Issue Fee Payment Verified|Event publication date=2023-04-05|Event code=US/IFEE|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Issue Fee Payment Received|Event publication date=2023-04-06|Event code=US/APRDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application Is Considered Ready for Issue|Event publication date=2023-04-26|Event code=US/PAT|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patented Case|Event publication date=2023-04-26|Event code=US/ISSM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO Restitution or restoration|Issue Notification Mailed|Event publication date=2023-05-16|Event code=US/B2|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent as second publication|Publication country=US|Publication number=US11648507|Publication stage code=B2|Publication date=2023-05-16|Standardized publication number=US11648507|Event publication date=2023-05-16|Event code=US/MEPGNTF|Event group=Event indicating In Force Administrative notifications|Mail Patent eGrant Notification|Event publication date=2023-05-16|Event code=US/EPGNTF|Event group=Event indicating In Force Administrative notifications|Patent eGrant Notification|Event publication date=2023-05-16|Event code=US/EPG|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Recordation of Patent eGrant|Event publication date=2023-05-16|Event code=US/354|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Extension of term of duration of protection|Patent term extended under 35 U.S.C 154(b) until/for|Extension Type=PTA|Delays (A,B,C): 107 Overlap Delays: 0 Non Overlap Delays: 0|PTO Office Delays: 0 Applicant Delays: 22 Adjustment total: |Number of days of extension=85|Event publication date=2023-06-20|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:ZERO CARBON ENERGY INNOVATION UNION INC|Reel/frame:063996/0793|OWNER:ZERO CARBON ENERGY INC, DELAWARE|Effective date of the event=2023-06-15|Event publication date=2023-06-29|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|Event publication date=2026-02-03|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:ZERO CARBON ENERGY INC|Reel/frame:073670/0784|OWNER:ZERO CARBON ENERGY LIMITED, HONG KONG|Effective date of the event=2026-01-28|Event publication date=2026-02-10|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|(US11045758)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US11045758|Actual or expected expiration date=2037-06-08|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2017-06-08|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US15568596|Application date=2017-06-08|Standardized application number=2017US-15568596|Event publication date=2017-06-08|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:IQBAL, SYED TAHA|Event publication date=2017-06-08|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=1736|Event publication date=2017-06-08|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: C6514-001|Event publication date=2017-06-08|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 22429|Event publication date=2017-06-08|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2017-06-08|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=Yes|Event publication date=2017-10-23|Event code=US/ENT|Event group=Administrative notifications|Entity Status Set to Undiscounted|Event publication date=2017-11-01|Event code=US/PTARDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent Term Adjustment - Ready for Examination|Event publication date=2017-11-01|Event code=US/PET|Event group=APL|Petition Entered|Event publication date=2017-11-01|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2017-12-26|Event code=US/PETDGMS|Event group=ACL|Record Petition Decision of Granted to Make Special|Event publication date=2018-02-05|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Event publication date=2018-03-06|Event code=US/M903|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of DO/EO Acceptance Mailed|Event publication date=2018-03-06|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2018-03-22|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2018-06-14|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20180161719|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2018-06-14|Standardized publication number=US20180161719|Event publication date=2018-06-14|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2018-09-14|Event code=US/RESTREQ|Event group=Examination events Corrections OAO|Restriction/Election Requirement|Event publication date=2018-11-19|Event code=US/ELC|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response to Election / Restriction Filed|Event publication date=2018-12-18|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2018-12-31|Event code=US/112NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2018-12-31|R4R=112b|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 2|Event publication date=2018-12-31|Event code=US/102NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 102 - non-novel subject matter in claims|RJD=2018-12-31|R4R=102a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-3|RJCT=US6254667|Event publication date=2018-12-31|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2018-12-31|R4R=103|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 4; 5 and 6; 8; 7|RJCT=US20080025852|RJCT=US20120192564|RJCT=US6881389|RJCT=US6254667|Event publication date=2019-04-01|Event code=US/CTNFR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Non-Final Action|Event publication date=2019-04-26|Event code=US/CTFR|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Final Rejection|Event publication date=2019-04-30|Event code=US/112FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2019-04-30|R4R=112b|RJST=final|Rejected claims 1-4 and 7|Event publication date=2019-04-30|Event code=US/103FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2019-04-30|R4R=103|RJST=final|Rejected claims 1-3 and 5-7; 4; 8|RJCT=US20080025852|RJCT=US6254667|RJCT=US20120192564|RJCT=US6881389|Event publication date=2019-06-28|Event code=US/CTFAR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Final Action|Event publication date=2019-07-17|Event code=US/CTAV|Event group=OAO|Advisory Action (PTOL-303)|Event publication date=2019-07-30|Event code=US/RCEX|Event group=Examination events RCE OAI|Request for Continued Examination (RCE)|Event publication date=2019-07-30|Event code=US/DISCSEF|Event group=OAI|Electronic Information Disclosure Statement|Event publication date=2019-07-30|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2019-08-06|Event code=US/DRCECAP|Event group=RCE OAO|Disposal for a RCE / CPA / R129|Event publication date=2019-09-11|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2019-09-20|Event code=US/102NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 102 - non-novel subject matter in claims|RJD=2019-09-20|R4R=102a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-3|RJCT=US6406219|Event publication date=2019-09-20|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2019-09-20|R4R=103|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 4; 5 and 6; 7; 8|RJCT=US20080025852|RJCT=US20120192564|RJCT=US6406219|RJCT=US6881389|Event publication date=2019-12-19|Event code=US/CTNFR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Non-Final Action|Event publication date=2020-01-14|Event code=US/CTFR|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Final Rejection|Event publication date=2020-01-17|Event code=US/102FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 102 - non-novel subject matter in claims|RJD=2020-01-17|R4R=102a|RJST=final|Rejected claims 1-3|RJCT=US6254667|Event publication date=2020-01-17|Event code=US/103FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2020-01-17|R4R=103|RJST=final|Rejected claims 1-3 and 7; 4; 5 and 6; 8; 7|RJCT=US6406219|RJCT=US20080025852|RJCT=US6254667|RJCT=US20120192564|RJCT=US6881389|Event publication date=2020-02-25|Event code=US/INVSUM|Event group=Examination events OAI INT|Interview Summary- Applicant Initiated|Event publication date=2020-03-17|Event code=US/CTFAR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Final Action|Event publication date=2020-04-01|Event code=US/CTAV|Event group=OAO|Advisory Action (PTOL-303)|Event publication date=2020-04-15|Event code=US/DISCSEF|Event group=OAI|Electronic Information Disclosure Statement|Event publication date=2020-04-15|Event code=US/RCEX|Event group=Examination events RCE OAI|Request for Continued Examination (RCE)|Event publication date=2020-04-15|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2020-04-16|Event code=US/DRCECAP|Event group=RCE OAO|Disposal for a RCE / CPA / R129|Event publication date=2020-04-26|Event code=US/CTNF|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Non-Final Rejection|Event publication date=2020-05-21|Event code=US/112NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2020-05-21|R4R=112a|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-8 and 16-19|Event publication date=2020-05-21|Event code=US/112NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2020-05-21|R4R=112b|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1-8 and 16-19|Event publication date=2020-05-21|Event code=US/103NF|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Non-final rejection reason 103 - obvious subject matter in claims|RJD=2020-05-21|R4R=103|RJST=non-final|Rejected claims 1, 3, 7 and 16-18; 4; 5 and 6; 8; 19|RJCT=US20080025852|RJCT=US20120192564|RJCT=US6406219|RJCT=US6881389|Event publication date=2020-08-19|Event code=US/CTNFR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Non-Final Action|Event publication date=2020-10-07|Event code=US/CTFR|Event group=Examination events OA OAO|Final Rejection|Event publication date=2020-10-14|Event code=US/112FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2020-10-14|R4R=112b|RJST=final|Rejected claims 1, 3-8 and 16-19|Event publication date=2020-10-14|Event code=US/112FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2020-10-14|R4R=112a|RJST=final|Rejected claims 1, 3-8 and 16-19|Event publication date=2020-10-14|Event code=US/112FR|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Examination events|Final rejection reason 112 - subject matter in claims not properly defined|RJD=2020-10-14|R4R=112|RJST=final|Rejected claims 3-8 and 16-19|Event publication date=2020-11-19|Event code=US/INVSUM|Event group=Examination events OAI INT|Interview Summary- Applicant Initiated|Event publication date=2020-11-19|Event code=US/EXIN|Event group=Examination events OAO INT|Examiner Interview Summary Record (PTOL - 413)|Event publication date=2020-12-11|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:PENG, SIGAN|Reel/frame:054617/0096|OWNER:ZERO CARBON ENERGY INNOVATION UNION INC, CALIFORNIA|Effective date of the event=2020-11-27|Event publication date=2020-12-11|Event code=US/CTFAR|Event group=Examination events OAI|Response after Final Action|Event publication date=2020-12-16|Event code=US/FLRCPTR|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt - Replacement|Event publication date=2020-12-16|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|Event publication date=2020-12-28|Event code=US/CTAV|Event group=OAO|Advisory Action (PTOL-303)|Event publication date=2021-01-14|Event code=US/NOAPLF|Event group=APL|Notice of Appeal Filed|Event publication date=2021-03-10|Event code=US/NOAV|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed|Event publication date=2021-03-15|Event code=US/NOAM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|Mail Notice of Allowance|Event publication date=2021-05-27|Event code=US/N084|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Issue Fee Payment Verified|Event publication date=2021-05-27|Event code=US/IFEE|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Issue Fee Payment Received|Event publication date=2021-05-28|Event code=US/APRDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application Is Considered Ready for Issue|Event publication date=2021-06-09|Event code=US/PAT|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patented Case|Event publication date=2021-06-09|Event code=US/ISSM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO Restitution or restoration|Issue Notification Mailed|Event publication date=2021-06-29|Event code=US/B2|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent as second publication|Publication country=US|Publication number=US11045758|Publication stage code=B2|Publication date=2021-06-29|Standardized publication number=US11045758|Event publication date=2021-06-29|Event code=US/354|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Extension of term of duration of protection|Patent term extended under 35 U.S.C 154(b) until/for|Extension Type=PTA|Delays (A,B,C): 0 Overlap Delays: 0 Non Overlap Delays: 0|PTO Office Delays: 0 Applicant Delays: 0 Adjustment total: |Number of days of extension=0|Event publication date=2024-07-09|Event code=US/NMFP|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Publication of First Notice of Maintenance Fees Payable.|Year of payment of annual fees=3|Event publication date=2024-12-05|Event code=US/MAFP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Maintenance Fee Payment|Annual fees payment date=2024-12-05|Year of payment of annual fees=4|PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YR, SMALL ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M2551)|Entity status of patent owner: SMALL ENTITY|Event publication date=2024-12-05|Event code=US/M2551|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications|Payment of Maintenance Fee, 4th Yr, Small Entity|Event publication date=2026-02-03|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignor:ZERO CARBON ENERGY INNOVATION UNION INC.|Reel/frame:073670/0083|OWNER:ZERO CARBON ENERGY LIMITED, HONG KONG|Effective date of the event=2026-01-28|Event publication date=2026-02-11|Event code=US/POAC|Event group=Change of name or address|Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)|(WO2017/211312)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2017/211312|Actual or expected expiration date=2019-12-11|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2017-06-08|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOCN2017/087530|Application date=2017-06-08|Standardized application number=2017WO-CN87530|Event publication date=2017-12-14|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2017/211312|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2017-12-14|Standardized publication number=WO2017211312|Event publication date=2019-12-11|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR AU2017276466|Actual or expected expiration date=2037-06-08|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=AU Corresponding appl: AU2017276466|Application date in the designated or member state=2017-06-08|Application number in the designated or member state=2017AU-0276466|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=AU Corresponding pat: AU2017276466|Publication stage code in the designated or member state=A1|Publication date in the designated or member state=2019-01-24|Publication number in the designated or member state=AU2017276466|Event publication date=2019-01-24|Event code=WO/ENP|Event group=Entry into national phase|Entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=AU|Event publication 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(CN119327229)|NAME=SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECH CO LTD , COUNTRY=CN|(CN119113720)|NAME=SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECH CO LTD , COUNTRY=CN|(CN119113719)|NAME=SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECH CO LTD , COUNTRY=CN|(CN118904027)|NAME=SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECH CO LTD , COUNTRY=CN|(SG10202260157X)|NAME=PENG Sigan ROOM 12A11, ZHAOFU INTERNATIONAL MANSION, NO. 717 WULUO ROAD, HONGSHAN DISTRICT, WUHAN CITY, HUBEI PROVINCE 430072, CHINA , COUNTRY=CN , REG=E18027775X|(SG10202260157X)|NAME=PENG Sigan ROOM 12A11, ZHAOFU INTERNATIONAL MANSION, NO. 717 WULUO ROAD, HONGSHAN DISTRICT, WUHAN CITY, HUBEI PROVINCE 430072, CHINA , COUNTRY=CN , REG=E18027775X|(CN113877368)|NAME=SHANGHAI JINGYUANZE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. , COUNTRY=CN|(CN107485968)|NAME=PENG SIGAN , COUNTRY=CN | (EP3470131)|DE|(EP3470131)|DE||||||||(CA3025952)|CA|(CA3025952)|CA||(SG11201810876S)|SG|(AU2017276466)|AU|(AU2017276466)|AU|(AU2017276466)|AU| | (EP3470131)|NAME=Winter, Brandl, Fürniss, Hübner, Röss, Kaiser, Polte - Partnerschaft mbB;Patent- und Rechtsanwaltskanzlei Alois-Steinecker-Strasse 22 , CITY=85354 Freising , COUNTRY=DE , REG=100059963|(EP3470131)|NAME=Winter, Brandl, Fürniss, Hübner, Röss, Kaiser, Polte - Partnerschaft mbB;Patent- und Rechtsanwaltskanzlei Alois-Steinecker-Strasse 22 , CITY=85354 Freising , COUNTRY=DE , REG=100059963|(US11648507)|NAME=Hauptman Ham, LLP|(US11045758)|NAME=Hauptman Ham, LLP|(JP7656155)|NAME=UENO, Hideki , REG=100158920|(JP2022128475)|NAME=UENO, Hideki , REG=100158920|(JP2019524424)|NAME=UENO, Hideki , REG=100158920|(SG10202260157X)|NAME=VIERING JENTSCHURA & PARTNER LLP , REG=T06LL1666BNAME=L&C IP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD , REG=201719712K|(SG10202260157X)|NAME=VIERING JENTSCHURA & PARTNER LLP , REG=T06LL1666BNAME=L&C IP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD , REG=201719712K|(CA3025952)|NAME=OYEN WIGGS GREEN & MUTALA LLP , COUNTRY=CA|(CA3025952)|NAME=OYEN WIGGS GREEN & MUTALA LLP , COUNTRY=CA|(SG11201810876S)|NAME=VIERING JENTSCHURA & PARTNER LLP|(SG11201810876S)|NAME=VIERING, JENTSCHURA & PARTNER LLP P.O. BOX 1088<br/>ROCHOR POST OFFICE<br/>Singapore 911833 , COUNTRY=SG , REG=T06LL1666B|(AU2017276466)|NAME=Griffith Hack Level 10 161 Collins St , CITY=MELBOURNE , STATE=VIC , POSTCODE=3000 , COUNTRY=AU|(AU2017276466)|NAME=Griffith Hack GPO Box 1285 , CITY=Melbourne , STATE=VIC , POSTCODE=3001 , COUNTRY=AU|(AU2017276466)|NAME=Griffith Hack GPO Box 1285 , CITY=Melbourne , STATE=VIC , POSTCODE=3001 , COUNTRY=AU|(ID2020/00683)|NAME=Achmad Fatchy SH | (EP3470131)|CN|(EP3470131)|CN|(US11648507)|CN|(US20210275960)|CN|(US11045758)|CN|(US20180161719)|CN|(WO2017/211312)|CN|(WO2017/211147)|CN|||||||||(CN107485968)|CN|(SG10202260157X)|CN|(SG10202260157X)|CN|(CA3025952)|CN|(CA3025952)|CN|(SG11201810876S)|CN||||||||| | (EP3470131)|NAME=Peng, Sigan No. 717, Wuluo Road Hongshan District Room 12A11, Rich International Building Wuhan, CITY=Hubei 430072, COUNTRY=CN|(EP3470131)|NAME=Peng, Sigan No. 717, Wuluo Road Hongshan District Room 12A11, Rich International Building Wuhan, CITY=Hubei 430072, COUNTRY=CN|(US11648507)|NAME=Peng Sigan, CITY=Wuhan, COUNTRY=CN|(US20210275960)|NAME=PENG Sigan, CITY=Wuhan City, COUNTRY=CN|(US11045758)|NAME=Peng Sigan, CITY=Wuhan, COUNTRY=CN|(US20180161719)|NAME=PENG Sigan, CITY=Wuhan City, COUNTRY=CN|(WO2017/211312)|NAME=PENG, Sigan WU, Hongxia Room 12A11, Rich International Building No.717 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District Wuhan, Hubei 430072, POSTCODE=430072, COUNTRY=CN|(WO2017/211147)|NAME=PENG, Sigan Wu, Hongxia 717# Wuluo Road, Hongshan District Room 12A11, Rich International Building Wuhan, Hubei 430072, POSTCODE=430072, COUNTRY=CN|(JP7656155)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(JP2022128475)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(JP2019524424)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(CN119327229)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(CN119113720)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(CN119113719)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(CN118904027)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(CN113877368)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(CN107485968)|NAME=PENG SIGAN, COUNTRY=CN|(SG10202260157X)|NAME=PENG Sigan ROOM 12A11, ZHAOFU INTERNATIONAL MANSION, NO. 717 WULUO ROAD, HONGSHAN DISTRICT, WUHAN CITY, HUBEI PROVINCE 430072, CHINA, COUNTRY=CN|(SG10202260157X)|NAME=PENG Sigan ROOM 12A11, ZHAOFU INTERNATIONAL MANSION, NO. 717 WULUO ROAD, HONGSHAN DISTRICT, WUHAN CITY, HUBEI PROVINCE 430072, CHINA, COUNTRY=CN|(CA3025952)|NAME=PENG, SIGAN ROOM 12A11 ZHAOFU INTERNATIONAL MANSION NO. 717 WULUO ROAD HONGSHAN DISTRICT HUBEI PROVINCE 430072, CITY=WUHAN CITY, COUNTRY=CN|(CA3025952)|NAME=PENG, SIGAN ROOM 12A11 ZHAOFU INTERNATIONAL MANSION NO. 717 WULUO ROAD HONGSHAN DISTRICT HUBEI PROVINCE 430072, CITY=WUHAN CITY, COUNTRY=CN|(SG11201810876S)|NAME=PENG, Sigan Room 12A11, Zhaofu International Mansion, No. 717 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City,<br/>Hubei Province 430072,<br/>China, COUNTRY=CN|(MY193676)|NAME=PENG, SIGAN|(AU2017276466)|NAME=Peng, Sigan|(AU2017276466)|NAME=Peng, Sigan|(AU2017276466)|NAME=Peng, Sigan|(IN382031)|NAME=Peng Sigan|(IN201827048980)|NAME=PENG Sigan|(ID2020/00683)|NAME=PENG Sigan|(HK1247586)|NAME=Sigan Peng|(HK1247586)|NAME=Sigan Peng | Titre: (EP3470131)|Ocean carbon capture and storage method and device Résumé: (EP3470131)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO 2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change. | 61.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon capture and storage methods using seawater and does not mention iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 45.0 | 25.0 | (WO2017/211312)|1|(JP7656155)|3|(US11648507)|1|(IN382031)|1|(CA3025952)|1|(AU2017276466)|1|(US11045758)|1|(JP2019524424)|3|(CN119327229)|1|(CN119113720)|1|(CN119113719)|1|(CN118904027)|1|(CN113877368)|1|(CN107485968)|1|(WO2017/211147)|1 | (WO2017/211312)|14|(JP7656155)|10|(US11648507)|18|(IN382031)|12|(CA3025952)|17|(AU2017276466)|20|(US11045758)|10|(JP2019524424)|12|(CN119327229)|9|(CN119113720)|9|(CN119113719)|8|(CN118904027)|9|(CN113877368)|13|(CN107485968)|14|(WO2017/211147)|14 | 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Primary examiner: Rumbo, Angel||(EP3470131)|Number of Claims: NCL=15|Primary examiner: Rumbo, Angel||(US11648507)|Number of Claims: NCL=19|Number of Drawings: NDR=7|Number of Figures: NFG=7|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Extended under 35 USC 154(b) the following days: EXTD=85|Primary examiner: Bos Steven J|Art Unit.: ART =1736||(US20210275960)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Number of Drawings: NDR=7|Number of Figures: NFG=7|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Bos Steven J|Art Unit.: ART =1736||(US11045758)|Number of Claims: NCL=11|Number of Drawings: NDR=7|Number of Figures: NFG=7|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Zimmer Anthony J|Art Unit.: ART =1736||(US20180161719)|Number of Claims: NCL=15|Number of Drawings: NDR=7|Number of Figures: NFG=7|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Zimmer Anthony J|Art Unit.: ART =1736||(WO2017/211312)|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(WO2017/211147)|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(JP7656155)|Number of Claims: NCL=13|Form: FORM=OL|Request for examination: REQEXA=true|Primary examiner: 宮部 裕一||(JP2022128475)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Form: FORM=OL|Request for examination: REQEXA=true|Primary examiner: 宮部 裕一||(JP2019524424)|Number of Claims: NCL=15|Number of Pages: NPAGES=29|Request for examination: REQEXA=false||(CN119327229)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-01-21|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-0401|Number of Pages: NPAGES=17||(CN119113720)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-12-13|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-5002|Number of Pages: NPAGES=17||(CN119113719)|Number of Claims: NCL=9|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-12-13|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-5002|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10||(CN118904027)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-11-08|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-4502|Number of Pages: NPAGES=17||(CN113877368)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2022-01-04|Gazette number: GAZNUM=38-0101|Number of Pages: NPAGES=18||(CN107485968)|Number of Claims: NCL=15|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2017-12-19|Gazette number: GAZNUM=33-5101|Substantial examination effective date: 20180206|Number of Pages: NPAGES=18||(SG10202260157X)|Number of Claims: NCL=11||(SG10202260157X)|Number of Claims: NCL=11||(CA3025952)|Number of Claims: NCL=18||(CA3025952)|Number of Claims: NCL=15||(SG11201810876S)|Number of Claims: NCL=15||(AU2017276466)|Number of Claims: NCL=21||(AU2017276466)|Number of Claims: NCL=17||(AU2017276466)|Number of Claims: NCL=15||(IN382031)|Number of Claims: NCL=13||(IN201827048980)|Number of Claims: NCL=15| | (US11648507)|Division of: US15/568,596 FDD=2017-06-08 [2017US-15568596]|Division of: US15568596 |Division of: US11045758 |Division of: WOCN2017/087530 FDD=2017-06-08 [2017WO-CN87530]|Previous publication: US20210275960 A1 2021-09-09 [US20210275960]|(US11045758)|Previous publication: US20180161719 A1 2018-06-14 [US20180161719]|(JP7656155)|Division of: JP2018564853 FDD=2017-06-08 [2018JP-0564853]|Previous publication: JP2022128475 2022-09-01 [JP2022128475]|(CN119327229)|Division of: CN201710426783 FDD=2017-06-08 [2017CN-0426783]|(CN119113720)|Division of: CN201710426783 FDD=2017-06-08 [2017CN-0426783]|(CN119113719)|Division of: CN201710426783 FDD=2017-06-08 [2017CN-0426783]|(CN118904027)|Division of: CN201710426783 FDD=2017-06-08 [2017CN-0426783]|(CN113877368)|Division of: CN201710426783 FDD=2017-06-08 [2017CN-0426783]|(CA3025952)|Division of: CA3025952 FDD=2017-06-08 [2017CA-3025952] | (EP3470131)|CHINESE (CHI) | (JP7656155)|Patent|(CN119327229)|Patent|(CN119113719)|Patent|(CN119113720)|Patent|(CN118904027)|Patent|(SG10202260157X)|Patent|(CA3025952)|Patent|(US11648507)|Patent|(SG11201810876S)|Patent|(SG10202260157X)|Patent|(MY-193676)|Patent|(JP2022128475)|Patent|(AU2017276466)|Patent|(CN113877368)|Patent|(IN-382031)|Patent|(US20210275960)|Patent|(US11045758)|Patent|(ID202000683)|Patent|(EP3470131)|Patent|(JP2019524424)|Patent|(IN201827048980)|Patent|(EP3470131)|Patent|(SG11201810876S)|Patent|(AU2017276466)|Patent|(AU2017276466)|Patent|(HK1247586)|Patent|(HK1247586)|Patent|(US20180161719)|Patent|(CN107485968)|Patent|(CA3025952)|Patent|(WO2017211147)|Patent|(WO2017211312)|Patent | |||||||||||||
| 69 | US61/009,414P|US12/345,661|US12/404,691|US12/463,409|US13/225,885|US13/969,592 | US13/969,592|US13/225,885 | US8882552|US20130339216|US8535107|US20120011050 | 71778891 | US8882552 B2 2014-11-11 [US8882552]|US20130339216 A1 2013-12-19 [US20130339216]|US8535107 B2 2013-09-17 [US8535107]|US20120011050 A1 2012-01-12 [US20120011050] | 2007-12-29|2008-12-29|2009-03-16|2009-05-10|2011-09-06|2013-08-18 | 2013-08-18|2011-09-06 | 2014-11-11|2013-12-19|2013-09-17|2012-01-12 | (US8882552)|2014-11-11|(US8535107)|2013-09-17 | (US8882552)|2028-12-26|(US8535107)|2021-10-25 | (US8882552)|Biophysical geoengineering compositions and methods | (US8882552)|Described here are compositions, methods and apparatus for biological and physical geoengineering. A vertical spar buoy or spar buoy network is provided. The buoys or array of buoys are designed to resist wave motion while supporting an analytical platform at a depth such that particulate flux of fixed carbon is indicative of sequestration in the ocean's depths for one hundred years or more. Sedimentary deadfall through the 100-Year Horizon is measured to validate the flux of fixed carbon. Issuance of validated carbon sequestration certificates and monetization and trading of those certificates are described. Also provided are compositions and methods for increasing bioactive surface area and nutrient levels so as to promote carbon sequestration. Regeneration of carbon dioxide in the mesopelagic water column is reduced by providing complex habitat in the photic zone, thus ensuring higher complexity of trophic levels and sedimentary deadfall having larger particulate size. | LAMBERT KAL KAREL ([US])|LAMBERT KAL KAREL ([US]) | (US8882552)|Lambert Kal Karel ([US])|(US20130339216)|Lambert Kal K. ([US])|(US8535107)|Lambert Kal Karel ([US])|(US20120011050)|LAMBERT KAL K | LAMBERT KAL KAREL | (US8882552)|Lambert Kal Karel|(US20130339216)|Lambert Kal K. | (US8882552)|Lambert K Karel|Lambert Patent Services LLC|(US8535107)|Lambert Patent Services, LLC | (US8882552)|Shown are high and low "best estimates" prepared by the IPCC.|Siliceous material is also a useful supplement for some target populations and is a suitable inorganic binder.|Submersion at a depth of 20 meters has an important advantage in weathering severe storms.|A member of the industry who achieves measured emissions below the target rates may trade the difference on the open market to another who fails to achieve its emission targets.|A necessary effort in carbon sequestration is an effort to shift the food web to include higher trophic levels.|Growth of biomass does not result in other elemental deficiencies secondary to consumption of iron because the formulations are typically supplemented with a full range of minerals in a balanced composition.| | (US8882552)|1. An apparatus for validating continuous sequestration of carbon below the 100-Year Horizon of an ocean and issuing a monetizable or tradeable carbon sequestration certificate having a denomination based on the mass of carbon sequestered therebelow, which comprises: a) a spar buoy or network of spar buoys disposed on the surface of an open ocean, each spar buoy comprising a vertically elongate hollow body having a top end with superstructure and a bottom end with ballast mass, said hollow body having an upper fixed displacement volume (V1) and a lower variable displacement volume (V2); b) a horizontally disposed spaceframe immersedly suspended from said spar buoy or network of spar buoys; c) an immersed analytical apparatus mounted on said spaceframe for measuring sedimentary deadfall as an index of flux of sequestered carbon descending below the 100-Year Horizon of said ocean; d) a surface boom for enclosing a surface area of said ocean associated with said spar buoy or network of spar buoys; e) a pump mounted in said spar buoy, said pump having a fluidic connection for drawing nutrient-rich water from below the photic zone of an ocean and discharging said nutrient-rich water from said top end onto or proximate to the surface thereof; and, f) a computer-implemented system operatively connected to said analytical apparatus and configured for integrating and reporting electronically a flux of sequestered carbon descending below the 100-Year Horizon per unit time or issuing one or more monetizable or tradable carbon sequestration certificates, wherein each certificate has a denomination equivalent to a validated amount of sequestered carbon as CO2 in the sedimentary deadfall descended from said enclosed surface area to below the 100-Year Horizon of said ocean.| | (US8882552)|Also described are carbon sequestration certificates based on validated removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by an enhanced biological pump.|Also provided are compositions and methods for increasing bioactive surface area and nutrient levels so as to promote carbon sequestration.|In another aspect, the compositions and apparatus of the invention more generally are representative of compositions and apparatus for quantitative solar exsolation, where the amount of exsolative energy transferred from the terrestrial surface to a plane above the troposphere (generally taken as the layer of atmosphere extending from the earth's surface to the base of the stratosphere, about 10-16 km above the earth and marked by decreasing temperature as a function of altitude) is quantified and validated.| | (US8882552)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,31)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CERTIFICATE(100,11)|100 YEAR HORIZON(100,10)|DENOMINATION(100,4)|BIOPHYSICAL GEOENGINEERING(100,1)|CARBON MASS(100,1)|OCEAN 100 YEAR HORIZON(100,1)|SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(63,6)|SPAR BUOY(62,35)|MEASURING SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(62,1)|QUANTITATIVE SOLAR EXSOLATION(60,1)|PELAGIC AQUACULTURE WORKSTATION(51,1)|CO2 EMISSION CERTIFICATE(47,2)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(47,2)|METHANEDIONE VALIDATED REMOVAL(44,1)|CERTIFICATE(40,6)|ELEMENTAL DEFICIENCY(40,1)|CRITERIA POLLUTANT ALLOWANCE(37,2)|METHANEDIONE REGENERATION(37,1)|PASSIVE CIRCULATION(32,2)|CERTIFICATE INVENTORY(31,1)|EXSOLATIVE ENERGY(31,1)|WEATHER MONITOR INSTRUMENTATION MODULE(31,1)|ACCELERATE BIOREMEDIATION(30,1)|CO2 EMISSION CREDIT(28,2)|VOLUNTARY CARBON(28,2)|OCEAN GYRE(27,1)|SEA(26,25)|ANALYTICAL PLATFORM(26,1)|EMISSION TARGET(26,1)|CO2 EMISSION PERMIT(25,2)|ALLOWING CARBON(24,2)|PARTICLE FLUX(24,1)|REMOVAL VALIDATION(24,1)|SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL DATA(24,1)|SPAR BUOY ANNULAR ARRAY(24,1)|BALLAST MASS(23,2)|SPAR BUOY NETWORK(23,1)|STRATOSPHERE BASE(22,1)|INORGANIC BINDER(21,3)|VERIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTION(21,2)|SEQUESTERED CARBON FLUX INDEX(20,1)|SUPERSTRUCTURE(19,9)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION CREDIT(19,2)|INTERACTIVE DISPLAY(19,1)|USEFUL SUPPLEMENT(19,1)|FIXED CO2 SEDIMENTATION(18,1)|RECORDING(18,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(17,9)|EUROPEAN UNION ALLOWANCE(17,2)|OCEAN DEPTH(17,2)|SLOW RELEASE FORMULATION(17,2)|TIPPING FEE(17,2)|TROPOSPHERE(17,2)|ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PUMP(17,1)|HEXAGONAL ARRAY(17,1)|RADIO MODULE(17,1)|COMPLEX HABITAT(16,2)|SEA FLOOR(16,2)|TROPHIC LEVEL COMPLEXITY(16,2)|VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(16,2)|MONETIZATION(16,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON FLUX(15,5)|DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(15,3)|FLUID CONNECTION(15,2)|MEASURED EMISSION(15,2)|NUTRIENT RICH WATER(15,2)|PROGRAM MODULE(15,1)|IPCC(14,2)|NUTRIENT(13,14)|STORM(13,3)|SUBMERSION(13,3)|DECREASING TEMPERATURE(13,1)|DISPOSITION SPACE(13,1)|ISSUANCE(13,1)|MARINE CONDITION(13,1)|TARGET POPULATION(13,1)|CARBON OFFSET(12,4)|RATIONAL GEOENGINEERING(12,4)|BROKER(12,1)|SILICEOUS MATERIAL(12,1)|TROPHIC LEVEL BIOMASS(12,1)|DATABASE(11,4)|MINERAL FULL RANGE(11,1)|RETRACTABLE CABLE(11,1)|SURFACE BOOM(11,1)|CO2(10,12)|GROUND SURFACE(10,6)|EXSOLATION CREDIT(10,4)|CARBON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT(10,2)|HOLLOW BODY(10,2)|MESOPELAGIC WATER COLUMN(10,2)|OCEAN YEAR HORIZON(10,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSALITY EVIDENCE(10,1)|EXTRATERRESTRIAL SOLAR PARASOL(10,1)|FIXED CARBON PARTICULATE FLUX(10,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON SEASONAL SEDIMENTATION(10,1)|PLANETARY ALBEDO RECONFIGURATION(10,1)|SEDIMENTARY BENTHIC EXPORT(10,1)|SUSTAINABLE YIELD(10,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION(9,2)|ERODABLE ANTIFOULING COATING(9,2)|MESOSCALE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(9,2)|WINCH(9,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(9,1)|EL CHICHON ERUPTION(9,1)|INCIDENT SOLAR IRRADIATION SPECTROGRAM(9,1)|MICRONUTRIENT BALANCED PALETTE(9,1)|NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT BIOAVAILABILITY(9,1)|PLANETARY ECOSYSTEM DISRUPTION(9,1)|TROPHIC LEVEL(8,14)|BID PRICE(8,3)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(8,3)|YR HORIZON(8,3)|BALLASTED KEEL(8,2)|CRYSTALLINE FLOTATIONAL MATRIX(8,2)|HABITAT SUPPLEMENTATION(8,2)|MACROSCOPIC NICHE(8,2)|MICROSCOPIC NICHE(8,2)|NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION(8,2)|SUPPLEMENTAL HABITAT(8,2)|TERRESTRIAL ALBEDO(8,2)|ABSENT SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRIENT(8,1)|IRONX EXPERIMENT DILEMMA(8,1)|MICROBIAL PLANKTON POPULATION(8,1)|PELAGIC OCEAN BIOLOGY(8,1)|SOVIET UNION DISSOLUTION(8,1)|WATERLINE TRANSIENT FLUCTUATION(8,1)|FOOD WEB(7,6)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(7,2)|EXOGENOUS CHELATOR(7,2)|FERTILIZER PELLET(7,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION(7,2)|MISSING NUTRIENT(7,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(7,2)|SOLAR INSOLATION(7,2)|AMORPHOUS SRC GRANULE(7,1)|DIVINE INTERVENTION ASIDE(7,1)|EARTH CRUST REBOUND(7,1)|ERRANT SHIPPING TRAFFIC(7,1)|FULL RANGE(7,1)|HUNGRY ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT WAVE(7,1)|IRREPLACEABLE BOUNTY(7,1)|MARINE PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(7,1)|PUCK NET BUOYANCY(7,1)|UPPER FIXED DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(7,1)|WASTEWATER DOWNSTREAM PLUME(7,1)|WEST ANTARCTIC COLLAPSE(7,1)|SPACE FRAME(6,12)|CENTURY(6,6)|FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE(6,4)|OPEN OCEAN(6,4)|GLASS HOLLOW MICROSPHERE(6,3)|REFLECTIVE CAP(6,3)|RENEWABLE ENERGY(6,3)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(6,3)|CONFIRMATION(6,2)|ECOLOGICAL RISK(6,2)|ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT(6,2)|FOAMED CLAY(6,2)|OPEN MARKET(6,2)|PEANUT HULL(6,2)|POLAR SOUTHERN OCEAN(6,2)|REFLECTIVE PRILL(6,2)|RIBBON EXTRUSION(6,2)|SHARP UPTURN(6,2)|ALBEDO SNOW(6,1)|AMORPHOUS SRC PELLET(6,1)|ANNUALIZED DEADFALL(6,1)|ANOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(6,1)|ARTIFICIAL FOAMED SILICATE(6,1)|ARTIFICIAL KELP LEAVE(6,1)|BIOAVAILABLE REDOX SPECIES(6,1)|BLACK ASPHALT ALBEDO(6,1)|BUOY HULL REINFORCED RING(6,1)|BUOY KEEL(6,1)|BUOYANT PRILL PARTICLE(6,1)|CARCINOGENIC PLASTICIZER(6,1)|CENTRALLY ANCHORED RESEARCH PLATFORM(6,1)|CHEAP PROPOSITION(6,1)|CLASSICAL RETELLING(6,1)|CLOUD ALBEDO(6,1)|COMPELLING ARGUMENT(6,1)|CONTINENTAL FLOODING(6,1)|DIAMETER SEAWATER UPTAKE TUBULATION(6,1)|ENCIRCLING FLOAT BOOM(6,1)|EXEMPTING LANTHANIDE(6,1)|EXPERIMENTAL SETUP PHOTOGRAPH(6,1)|FOREST METHANEDIONE(6,1)|FORTRESS MENTALITY(6,1)|GALOPAGOS ISLAND(6,1)|GENERATIONAL DECLINING(6,1)|IMPENETRABLE POLYRAFT(6,1)|INORGANIC MINERALINE FORMULATION(6,1)|INSTRUMENTED TOROIDAL HORIZONTAL PLATFORM(6,1)|INTEGRATED OCEANOGRAPHIC WORKSTATION(6,1)|KELP STRINGER(6,1)|LIFESTYLE PRESAGE(6,1)|MARINE GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|MARKELS CLAIMING(6,1)|MAXWELL DEMON(6,1)|MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT(6,1)|METHANEDIONE METRIC TON(6,1)|MICROBUBBLE FROTH(6,1)|MICROPARTICULATE OLIVINE(6,1)|MICROPARTICULATE REFLECTOR INJECTION(6,1)|MICROSCOPIC PLANT MYRIAD(6,1)|MICROZOOPLANKTON ENVIROTYPE(6,1)|MINERALINE INORGANIC NUTRIENT(6,1)|MOSS LANDING MARINE LABORATORY(6,1)|NANOPARTICLE ASSISTED INJECTION(6,1)|NATIVE ECOSYSTEM CONVERSION(6,1)|NICHE DIVERSIFICATION(6,1)|NICHE RICHNESS(6,1)|NUTRITIVE LEACHATE(6,1)|OLIGOTROPIC OCEAN(6,1)|PELAGIC AQUACULTURE(6,1)|PHOTONIC INSOLATION MINUS ENERGY(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(6,1)|PINATUBO ERUPTION(6,1)|PLANET ALBEDO(6,1)|PLASTIC WASTE(6,1)|POLITICAL URGENCY(6,1)|PONTOON CORRAL(6,1)|QUANTITATE PARTICLE TRANSIT(6,1)|QUANTITATING NET SEDIMENT FALL(6,1)|RATIONAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|REDOX SPECIES EQUILIBRIUM(6,1)|REMEDIAL GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|REMEDIAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|RETROREFLECTIVE GLASS MICROSPHERE(6,1)|SCHOOLING FISH CLUSTERING(6,1)|SEDIMENTARY CARBON SEQUESTRATION VALIDATION(6,1)|SNOW CLEANNESS(6,1)|SOBER COMMITMENT(6,1)|SOCIAL DISLOCATION(6,1)|SPAR BUOY ELEVATIONAL DAMPENING(6,1)|SPAR BUOY SUBMERSION(6,1)|SPAR BUOY SUPERSTRUCTURE(6,1)|TERRESTRIAL SILVICULTURE(6,1)|TUBULAR BARRIER FLOAT BOOM(6,1)|UNDERSTRUCTURE SUBMERSION(6,1)|UNDERTAKING IRON ENRICHMENT(6,1)|UNINTENDED GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|UNSUSTAINABLE BOUNTY(6,1)|WAVE MOTION(6,1)|WAVE PERIODICITY HARMONIC(6,1)|DIMETHYLSULFIDE(5,9)|DECADE(5,7)|INORGANIC SPECIES(5,3)|MICA PLATELET(5,3)|VOLATILE MEMORY(5,3)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(5,2)|DISPLAYING ASK PRICE(5,2)|FOSSIL FUEL RESERVE(5,2)|JOHN MARTIN(5,2)|ORGANIC CHELATOR(5,2)|PLANAR ARRAY(5,2)|TARGET RATE(5,2)|ABYSMAL PLAIN(5,1)|ADVANCING WAVEFRONT(5,1)|BALLAST KEEL(5,1)|BET(5,1)|BIOFUEL SUBSTITUTION(5,1)|BUOY GEOMETRY(5,1)|BUOY OSCILLATION(5,1)|CHILD LIFETIME(5,1)|CLAW HYPOTHESIS(5,1)|CLIMATE DILEMMA(5,1)|CLIMATE INTERVENTION STRATEGY(5,1)|COAL BUCKET(5,1)|COCCOLITH PELLET(5,1)|CONTINENT BULK(5,1)|CORPORATE PUBLIC RELATIONS NAME(5,1)|CRYSTALLINE BUOYANT MATRIX(5,1)|DEFINITE CONCEPTION(5,1)|ECONOMIC DARWINISM(5,1)|ENSO EVENT PREDICTED(5,1)|ERODIBILITY VIRTUE(5,1)|EXACTING PAYMENT(5,1)|EXTENSIVE EFFORT(5,1)|EXTRUDED MATRIX RIBBON(5,1)|FECAL SEDIMENT FALL(5,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(5,1)|FORAMINIFERA DEPOSITION(5,1)|FRACTAL ROUGHNESS(5,1)|FRACTAL SCALAR(5,1)|GREEN CERAMIC RIBBON(5,1)|HEAVY STORM SURGE(5,1)|INCIPIENT CRISIS(5,1)|INORGANIC NUTRIENT MIX(5,1)|ISSUING VALIDATED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|KUMOGENESIS REGULATION(5,1)|LARGE PARTICULATE SIZE(5,1)|MARINE FERTILIZER(5,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|MARINE SILVICULTURE(5,1)|MAXIMIZE CO2 UPTAKE(5,1)|MEANINGFUL INSIGHT(5,1)|METER SRC(5,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(5,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS METRIC TON(5,1)|METRIC GIGATON(5,1)|MINERAL REDOX SPECIES(5,1)|MONODISPERSE SUSTAINED RELEASE PELLET(5,1)|NEWSWORTHY UPDATE(5,1)|NONLIMITING NUTRIENT(5,1)|NONWETTING VOID(5,1)|NOX COLLATERAL PRODUCTION(5,1)|OCEAN BUOY(5,1)|OCEAN FENCE(5,1)|PELAGIC NURSERY(5,1)|PELLET MATRIX NARROW GENUS(5,1)|PHOSPHORUS SUPPLEMENTATION(5,1)|PLANNER MIND(5,1)|POPULATION EXTINCTION(5,1)|POROUS CERAMICS FREEZE CASTING(5,1)|RECKLESS BEHAVIOR(5,1)|ROBOTIC STRAINER VACUUM(5,1)|ROBOTIC SWEEPER(5,1)|SATELLITE PYROMETRY(5,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON TT(5,1)|SNOW ALBEDO(5,1)|SPAR BUOY STEM(5,1)|SPECULAR REFLECTOR(5,1)|SUPPLY HABITAT NICHE(5,1)|SUSTAINED BIOAVAILABILITY(5,1)|TERRESTRIAL REFLECTION MEASUREMENT(5,1)|TRANSIENT SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|TREMENDOUS DEBATE(5,1)|TRILLION CANDLE(5,1)|VOLCANIC ASH MT(5,1)|WIND CONSTANCY(5,1)|WIPER ROTARY MIXER(5,1)|WORKING BUOY SEALED COMPARTMENT(5,1)|LIGHT REFLECTION(4,8)|DEFORESTATION(4,4)|WINDMILL(4,4)|COMMODITIES MARKET(4,3)|COMMODITY(4,3)|ENCLOSED SURFACE AREA(4,3)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(4,3)|IRON FERTILIZATION(4,3)|LEACHING(4,3)|LIME(4,3)|METHANE HYDRATE(4,3)|PICOPLANKTON(4,3)|AGGREGATE DENSITY(4,2)|CLAY EXPLOSION(4,2)|CLOUD FORMATION(4,2)|EMISSION REDUCTION UNIT(4,2)|FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION(4,2)|GLOBAL DEMAND(4,2)|INORGANIC SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX(4,2)|METHANEDIONE OUTPUT(4,2)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(4,2)|POLYMERIC SPONGE(4,2)|TRACE MINERAL CONSTITUENT(4,2)|ABSTRACT MATHEMATIC CONCEPT(4,1)|AEROSOL CHOICE(4,1)|AIRLIFT PUMPING(4,1)|ALBEDO CONVERSION(4,1)|ALGAE MIXED POPULATION(4,1)|ANNUAL GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET(4,1)|APPROACHING UNITY(4,1)|AQUACULTURAL RESEARCH(4,1)|ARBITRARY FUNCTIONAL BOUNDARY(4,1)|ASSUME POSTURE(4,1)|BARREL HOOP(4,1)|BIOACTIVE MINERAL(4,1)|BLUNT PEAK EMISSION(4,1)|BUOY PLATFORM(4,1)|BUOYANT SRC(4,1)|BURNING CANDLE(4,1)|BUSINESS METRIC(4,1)|CARBONATE SPECIES EQUILIBRIUM(4,1)|CEMENTITIOUS VESSEL(4,1)|CERAMIC POWDER SLURRY(4,1)|CLIMATE MAJOR ENGINE(4,1)|CLOUD CONDENSATION(4,1)|CO2 LIQUEFACTION(4,1)|CO2 REGENERATION(4,1)|COARSE GEL PELLET(4,1)|COMMUNITY FLUX(4,1)|COMMUNITY FOOD CHAIN(4,1)|CONSERVATION EFFORT(4,1)|DEEP SEA BENTHO(4,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(4,1)|DIOXOTITANIUM GLASS(4,1)|DRACONIAN TASK(4,1)|DRAMATIC CLIMATE FORCING(4,1)|EARTH NOTICEABLE COOLING(4,1)|ERODIBLE RIB(4,1)|FERROCEMENT MATRIX(4,1)|FERTILIZE PHOTIC ZONE(4,1)|FLOATING PONTOON(4,1)|FLOATING PUCK(4,1)|FOREST BURNING(4,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSION(4,1)|FUTURE IMPACT INTENSITY(4,1)|GLOBAL ALBEDO COMPONENT(4,1)|GLOBAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY SLOWING(4,1)|GROSS PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|GROUND DETERIORATION(4,1)|GROUND REFLECTION(4,1)|HETEROTROPH GROWTH(4,1)|HETEROTROPHIC SPECIES(4,1)|HOLLOW RIBBED BALL(4,1)|HORTICULTURAL GRADE(4,1)|IMMEDIATE SST COOLING(4,1)|INCIDENT SUNLIGHT(4,1)|INCREASED SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(4,1)|INSECT POPULATION EXPLOSION(4,1)|IRON EX EXPEDITION(4,1)|ISLAND SIZED FLOATING PLATFORM(4,1)|LIGNIN CHELATE(4,1)|LIQUID FERTILIZER SHIPBOARD PUMPING(4,1)|MARINE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|MARKET PREMIUM(4,1)|MATRIX FERTILIZATION(4,1)|MELTING PERMAFROST(4,1)|METHANEDIONE CURRENT ANTHROPOGENIC RELEASE(4,1)|MICRO GRAZER POPULATION(4,1)|MIRACLE GRO PRODUCT(4,1)|MODIFIED STONEWARE CLAY(4,1)|MONOVALENT ANION(4,1)|NANOPLANKTON SIZED AUTOTROPH(4,1)|NATIONAL STRATEGY(4,1)|NATIVE CHELATOR(4,1)|NATIVE SURFACTANT(4,1)|NE GYRE(4,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|NET SUM MARKET(4,1)|NUTRIENT CHEMISTRY(4,1)|NUTRIENT PLOT(4,1)|NUTRIENT RICH PLUME(4,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH(4,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC EPIPELAGIC WATER(4,1)|OLIVINE CRYSTAL(4,1)|PACIFIC EQUATORIAL BELT(4,1)|PARTICLE SEDIMENT DETECTION(4,1)|PASSIVE BUOY(4,1)|PETRI DISH(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POOR(4,1)|POLAR LATITUDE(4,1)|POROUS MINERALINE SUBSTRATE(4,1)|POSE CONSIDERABLE RISK(4,1)|PRINCIPAL GRAZER(4,1)|RAFEL SIM(4,1)|REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENT(4,1)|RETROREFLECTIVE SUBSTRATE(4,1)|SCALAR POROSITY(4,1)|SEDIMENTARY PARTICLE(4,1)|SHOT CRETE(4,1)|SIMULTANEOUS CATASTROPHIC FAILURE DANGER(4,1)|SOCIO ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT(4,1)|SOIL HUMUS(4,1)|SOLUBILIZED MINERAL(4,1)|SOREL CEMENT(4,1)|SORT STIRRED VESSEL(4,1)|SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE(4,1)|TABLET DISSOLUTION(4,1)|TEMPERATE CLIMATE ZONE(4,1)|THUMBNAIL FEASIBILITY STUDY(4,1)|TOROID FLOAT(4,1)|UNACCEPTABLE HAZARD(4,1)|UNCERTAIN COLLATERAL CONSEQUENCE(4,1)|VERMICULITE COMPOSITE(4,1)|VIOLENT WIND(4,1)|WHEAT CHAFF(4,1)|WORLD OCEAN(4,1)|SILICIC ACID(3,5)|WAX(3,5)|SOLAR PANEL INSTALLER(3,3)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|ANOXIA(3,2)|ARTIFICIAL REEF(3,2)|BIOACTIVE SURFACE AREA(3,2)|BLOWGA(3,2)|BORDER(3,2)|CARTOON(3,2)|COBALT NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE(3,2)|COMMUNICATION PORT(3,2)|CROPLAND(3,2)|DIMETHYLSULFONIO PROPIONATE(3,2)|EMISSIONS TRADING(3,2)|GANTRYWAY(3,2)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(3,2)|GRINDING(3,2)|HOLLOW TUBE(3,2)|INORGANIC CARBON(3,2)|MORTAR(3,2)|NEUSTON(3,2)|OUTRIGGER(3,2)|PLANETARY WARMING(3,2)|PLATEAU(3,2)|PRODUCT EXTRUSION(3,2)|PUMPING ACTION(3,2)|RUNAWAY(3,2)|TURBULENCE LAYER(3,2)|VACUUM TANK(3,2)|WEAPON(3,2)|ACCUMULATOR TANK(3,1)|ACTIVE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,1)|ADJUSTABLE YOKE(3,1)|ALCOHOL BATH(3,1)|AMELIORATIVE ACTION(3,1)|ANCHOR CABLE(3,1)|ANNULAR PONTOON(3,1)|APPROXIMATE PROPORTION(3,1)|ASSISTING INJECTION(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC SPECIES(3,1)|AVAILABLE EXSOLATIVE CREDIT(3,1)|BIOMASS ENERGY CAPTURE(3,1)|BLUE GREEN IRON GRANULE(3,1)|BOTTOM END(3,1)|BOUNDARY FUNCTION(3,1)|BRITTLE SOLID(3,1)|BUOY ARRAY(3,1)|BUOY MODEL(3,1)|BUOYANT CORE(3,1)|CABLE SUSPENSION(3,1)|CARBON MINERALIZATION(3,1)|CARBON POOL(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CREDIT(3,1)|CELL AGGREGATE(3,1)|CENTRAL WARM POOL(3,1)|CERAMIC GREEN(3,1)|CERAMIC MATRIX(3,1)|CITED PAPER(3,1)|CITED PARAMETER(3,1)|CO2 ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|CO2 RELEASE MAGNITUDE(3,1)|COLLAR YOKE(3,1)|COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM(3,1)|COMPLEX ECOSYSTEM(3,1)|COMPLEX FLOAT(3,1)|COMPLEX FOOD CHAIN ESTABLISHMENT(3,1)|COMPRESSIVE DEFORMATION(3,1)|CONSTANT BUOYANCY(3,1)|COOL PLANET(3,1)|COOLING TREND(3,1)|COPPER NITRATE HEMIPENTAHYDRATE(3,1)|CUMULATIVE TOTAL DISPLACEMENT(3,1)|DARK BOTTOMED TANK(3,1)|DATA PROCESSING(3,1)|DEEP OCEAN SEA(3,1)|DEEP SEA LAKE(3,1)|DEMOCRATIC VALUE WORLDWIDE COLLAPSE(3,1)|DEPOSITION MINERAL(3,1)|DESERTIFICATION(3,1)|DEUX EX MACHINE(3,1)|DICHLORONICKEL(3,1)|DISCHARGE STROKE(3,1)|DISPLACEMENT TUBE(3,1)|DRIVING PUMPING(3,1)|EARTH ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|EARTH DISC(3,1)|ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION(3,1)|EL NINO YEAR(3,1)|ELEGANT SOLUTION(3,1)|ELEMENTAL IRON(3,1)|EMBEDDED IRON FILING(3,1)|EMBEDDED WIRE BARREL(3,1)|ENORMOUS ENERGY CROP(3,1)|ENRICHED URANIUM(3,1)|ENRICHMENT MEDIUM(3,1)|EUTROPHIC CONDITION(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL CONVENIENCE(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETER(3,1)|EXPLODED PORCELAIN(3,1)|EXSOLATION RATIO(3,1)|EXTRA NUTRIENT(3,1)|FALLING PARTICLE(3,1)|FEMALE MOLD(3,1)|FIBER REINFORCED PVC(3,1)|FILL STROKE(3,1)|FINE MESH PLANKTON NET(3,1)|FISH ASSOCIATION(3,1)|FLOATING MATRIX(3,1)|FLOATING PERLITE FILL FACTOR(3,1)|FUTURE ATMOSPHERIC CO2(3,1)|GLACIAL INTERGLACIAL CO2 CHANGE(3,1)|GLASS BUBBLE(3,1)|GLASS COLLET(3,1)|GLOBAL SCALE(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING HARD SCIENCE(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING PROJECTION(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|GT CO2(3,1)|HABITAT PROVISION(3,1)|HARD DECISION(3,1)|HARVEST ABLE FISH(3,1)|HARVEST ABLE SPECIES PRODUCTION(3,1)|HENRY CONSTANT(3,1)|HETEROTROPH ACTION(3,1)|HOLLOW GLASS MICROSPHERE(3,1)|HOLLOW MICROSPHERE MANUFACTURE(3,1)|HORIZONTAL PARTITION(3,1)|HUMAN SOCIETY RELUCTANCE(3,1)|IMMEDIATE DECREASE(3,1)|INCIDENT RADIATION(3,1)|INCIDENTAL HEAT POLLUTION(3,1)|INCREASED OCEANIC ALBEDO(3,1)|INELASTIC TENSION(3,1)|INFRARED RADIATION DEAL(3,1)|INORGANIC ALGAL GROWTH MEDIUM(3,1)|INORGANIC GAS PRECURSOR(3,1)|INORGANIC IRON(3,1)|INORGANIC MATRIX(3,1)|INSIDE WATERLINE(3,1)|INSOLUBLE HYDROXIDE(3,1)|INSTRUMENT PACKAGE(3,1)|INSTRUMENT PLATFORM(3,1)|INTERMEDIATE HABITAT(3,1)|INVESTMENT LOSS(3,1)|IRON AVAILABILITY(3,1)|IRON FILING SEDIMENTATION(3,1)|IRON POOR OCEAN(3,1)|JAPANESE FISHERMAN(3,1)|LARGE CENTRIC DIATOM BLOOM(3,1)|LESSENED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY(3,1)|MACROSEDIMENTATION(3,1)|MAINTAINING TRIM(3,1)|MAJOR POLLUTANT(3,1)|MARINE SEDIMENT SEPARATION(3,1)|MARTIN IRON HYPOTHESIS(3,1)|MARTIN PAPER(3,1)|MASSIVE SCALE(3,1)|MAXIMAL BENEFIT(3,1)|MEANINGFUL NET REDUCTION(3,1)|MEASURABLE DECREASE(3,1)|MEASURING NUTRIENT(3,1)|MESOZOOPLANKTON(3,1)|METALLIC REFLECTOR(3,1)|METHANE DECREASED PRODUCTION(3,1)|METHYLSULFANYL METHANE PRODUCTION(3,1)|MICA EXPLOSION(3,1)|MICROSCOPIC SIZE OPAL(3,1)|MILE(3,1)|MINERAL FORMULATION(3,1)|MINIMUM WATERLINE(3,1)|MOIST MINERAL(3,1)|MT SULFUR(3,1)|NATIVE AMERICAN(3,1)|NATIVE COMPLEX ORGANISM(3,1)|NESTED CABLE(3,1)|NESTED TUBE(3,1)|NET AGGREGATE(3,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|NET PLANETARY HEAT GAIN(3,1)|NET POSITIVE BUOYANCY(3,1)|NET SHEET(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(3,1)|NM PRICE(3,1)|NUTRIENT FLUX(3,1)|NUTRIENT FORMULATION DESIGN(3,1)|OCEANIC HABITAT(3,1)|ORDINARY GLASS MICROSPHERE(3,1)|OXOMANGANESE(3,1)|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY(3,1)|PARTICLE REFLECTION(3,1)|PEAK POPULATION(3,1)|PELAGIC FOOD WEB(3,1)|PERIODIC CABLE REPLACEMENT(3,1)|PERIODIC MAINTENANCE(3,1)|PERLITE GLASS(3,1)|PHOTODIODE DETECTOR(3,1)|PHOTONIC SUM(3,1)|PICKEN PLAN(3,1)|PLANET BLACKBODY TEMPERATURE(3,1)|PLANETARY HEAT BALANCE(3,1)|PLASTIC DETRITUS(3,1)|PONTOON CENTER(3,1)|POROUS COAT(3,1)|PORTABLE LABORATORY(3,1)|PREDATOR GIVE(3,1)|PRELIMINARY EVALUATION(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER GRAZER(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER POPULATION(3,1)|PROBABLE NET(3,1)|PROKARYOTE(3,1)|PUCK DENSITY(3,1)|PULSE ADMINISTRATION(3,1)|PVC TUBING(3,1)|RADIATION INCIDENT(3,1)|RADIATION REFLECTION(3,1)|RAIN FALL(3,1)|REFLECTIVE DECK(3,1)|RELENTLESS RISE(3,1)|REMOVEABLE MANDREL(3,1)|RESISTED PITCH(3,1)|RESOURCE ALLOCATION INCIDENTAL COST(3,1)|RIGID TOROID(3,1)|RING PONTOON(3,1)|ROUGH SEA(3,1)|SALINITY ADJUSTMENT(3,1)|SAMPLING GRID(3,1)|SANCTION(3,1)|SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE(3,1)|SCIENTIST(3,1)|SELF PROPELLED VESSEL(3,1)|SEMI PERMANENT MOORING(3,1)|SHAPED SILICEOUS INGOT(3,1)|SILICA DIOXIDE(3,1)|SILICA GLASS FORMULATION(3,1)|SILICA POWDER(3,1)|SILICATE MATRIX(3,1)|SILVICULTURE PRACTICE(3,1)|SLOW DESCENT(3,1)|SLOW RELEASE MINERALINE(3,1)|SO2 RICH AEROSOL(3,1)|SOL GEL PRECURSOR(3,1)|SOLAR PANEL PERIODIC REPLACEMENT(3,1)|SOLUBILIZED IRON(3,1)|SOLUBLE SPECIES(3,1)|SPHERICAL FLOAT(3,1)|SPRAY FOAM INSULATION(3,1)|SPRAYING UPWELLED WATER(3,1)|STABILIZED VERTICAL BUOY(3,1)|STABLE PLATFORM(3,1)|SUB TERRESTRIAL STRATA(3,1)|SULFUR DIOXIDE ATTACK(3,1)|SURPASSED NEW INVESTMENT(3,1)|SUSPENDED NET(3,1)|SUSPENSION CABLE(3,1)|SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ECONOMY(3,1)|SUSTAINED RELEASE KINETICS(3,1)|SWELL PASSAGE(3,1)|SYNERGIC(3,1)|TANK PRESSURIZATION(3,1)|TARGET EMISSION(3,1)|TEMPORARY RELIEF(3,1)|TENSILE DEFORMATION(3,1)|THRASHING FERTILIZATION(3,1)|TIMED RELEASE MATRIX(3,1)|TOROID FRAME(3,1)|TOTAL ATMOSPHERIC POOL(3,1)|TRADABLE CARBON EMISSION MEASURE(3,1)|TRIPLE NOZZLE(3,1)|TT CO2(3,1)|TUBULAR REINFORCEMENT(3,1)|UNCERTAINTY(3,1)|US FOB(3,1)|VIOLET BLUE LASER(3,1)|VOLATILE COMPOUND(3,1)|WAVE GEOMETRY(3,1)|WEATHER ABILITY(3,1)|WEST ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET(3,1)|WEST TRACK(3,1)|WOUND FIBER(3,1)|BORATE(2,3)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(2,3)|CERCS(2,3)|GLOBAL COOLING(2,3)|MIDDLE LAYER(2,3)|NUCLEAR POWER PLANT(2,3)|ORGANIC BINDER(2,3)|WWW(2,3)|COMPOSITE WALL(2,2)|FLUX RATE(2,2)|FURNACE(2,2)|REFLECTION COEFFICIENT(2,2)|SEA ANCHOR(2,2)|ABUNDANCE(2,1)|ABYSS(2,1)|ACCIDENT(2,1)|ACCOUNTING(2,1)|ACCUMULATED WEIGHT(2,1)|ACTINIDE(2,1)|ADJOINING AREA PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|AERATION(2,1)|AGGLOMERATE(2,1)|AGGREGATE REDUCING REFLECTED HEAT(2,1)|AIR FORCED INJECTION(2,1)|AIR HEADSPACE(2,1)|AIR KRETE(2,1)|ALTITUDE(2,1)|ALUMINUM WELDING(2,1)|AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|ARABLE LAND(2,1)|ARTIFICE(2,1)|ASSERTION(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE GREENHOUSE GAS(2,1)|BACTERIA(2,1)|BANKING CRISIS(2,1)|BARBER(2,1)|BARNACLE(2,1)|BASELINE DATA(2,1)|BELLY BUTTON(2,1)|BENCHMARK(2,1)|BIOCHEMISTRY(2,1)|BIOUPTAKE(2,1)|BUOY SHAFT SECTION(2,1)|CALCULATED DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(2,1)|CALCULATION PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT(2,1)|CARBONATE SOURCE(2,1)|CENOSPHERE(2,1)|CENTER VOID(2,1)|CENTRAL SPAR BUOY(2,1)|CENTRAL STEM(2,1)|CHELATION(2,1)|CILIATE(2,1)|CLEAR HARD GEL MATRIX(2,1)|CLIMATOLOGY(2,1)|COAL GASIFICATION(2,1)|COLLEAGUE(2,1)|COLLISION(2,1)|COMMITTING CHANGE(2,1)|CONCENTRICALLY ARRANGED TUBE(2,1)|CONFIDENCE(2,1)|CONSENSUS(2,1)|COOLING BALANCE(2,1)|CRITICAL ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|CULTIVATION(2,1)|CURRENCY(2,1)|DAILY PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(2,1)|DAMPENER(2,1)|DEBACTEROL(2,1)|DECEASE(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DECOMPOSITION(2,1)|DECREASE OBSERVATION(2,1)|DEMILITARIZED ZONE(2,1)|DEPTH MARK(2,1)|DIAPHRAGM PUMP CHAMBER(2,1)|DISPERSION(2,1)|DOLLAR(2,1)|DOUBLING(2,1)|DOWNTURN(2,1)|DROUGHT(2,1)|ECONOMIC BALANCE SHEET(2,1)|ECONOMIC COLLAPSE(2,1)|EGIS(2,1)|ELASTICITY(2,1)|ENTRAPPED AIR(2,1)|EQUILIBRIUM RATE(2,1)|EROSION(2,1)|EUKARYOTE(2,1)|EUROPEAN CONTACT(2,1)|EXAJOULE(2,1)|EXCESS CO2(2,1)||(US20130339216)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,31)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CERTIFICATE(100,11)|100 YEAR HORIZON(100,10)|DENOMINATION(100,4)|BIOPHYSICAL GEOENGINEERING(100,1)|CARBON MASS(100,1)|OCEAN 100 YEAR HORIZON(100,1)|SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(63,6)|SPAR BUOY(62,35)|MEASURING SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(62,1)|QUANTITATIVE SOLAR EXSOLATION(60,1)|PELAGIC AQUACULTURE WORKSTATION(51,1)|CO2 EMISSION CERTIFICATE(47,2)|OCEAN PHOTIC ZONE(47,2)|METHANEDIONE VALIDATED REMOVAL(44,1)|CERTIFICATE(40,6)|ELEMENTAL DEFICIENCY(40,1)|CRITERIA POLLUTANT ALLOWANCE(37,2)|METHANEDIONE REGENERATION(37,1)|PASSIVE CIRCULATION(32,2)|CERTIFICATE INVENTORY(31,1)|EXSOLATIVE ENERGY(31,1)|WEATHER MONITOR INSTRUMENTATION MODULE(31,1)|ACCELERATE BIOREMEDIATION(30,1)|CO2 EMISSION CREDIT(28,2)|VOLUNTARY CARBON(28,2)|OCEAN GYRE(27,1)|SEA(26,25)|ANALYTICAL PLATFORM(26,1)|EMISSION TARGET(26,1)|CO2 EMISSION PERMIT(25,2)|ALLOWING CARBON(24,2)|PARTICLE FLUX(24,1)|REMOVAL VALIDATION(24,1)|SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL DATA(24,1)|SPAR BUOY ANNULAR ARRAY(24,1)|BALLAST MASS(23,2)|SPAR BUOY NETWORK(23,1)|STRATOSPHERE BASE(22,1)|INORGANIC BINDER(21,3)|VERIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTION(21,2)|SEQUESTERED CARBON FLUX INDEX(20,1)|SUPERSTRUCTURE(19,9)|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION CREDIT(19,2)|INTERACTIVE DISPLAY(19,1)|USEFUL SUPPLEMENT(19,1)|FIXED CO2 SEDIMENTATION(18,1)|RECORDING(18,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(17,9)|EUROPEAN UNION ALLOWANCE(17,2)|OCEAN DEPTH(17,2)|SLOW RELEASE FORMULATION(17,2)|TIPPING FEE(17,2)|TROPOSPHERE(17,2)|ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PUMP(17,1)|HEXAGONAL ARRAY(17,1)|RADIO MODULE(17,1)|COMPLEX HABITAT(16,2)|SEA FLOOR(16,2)|TROPHIC LEVEL COMPLEXITY(16,2)|VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(16,2)|MONETIZATION(16,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON FLUX(15,5)|DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(15,3)|FLUID CONNECTION(15,2)|MEASURED EMISSION(15,2)|NUTRIENT RICH WATER(15,2)|PROGRAM MODULE(15,1)|IPCC(14,2)|NUTRIENT(13,14)|STORM(13,3)|SUBMERSION(13,3)|DECREASING TEMPERATURE(13,1)|DISPOSITION SPACE(13,1)|ISSUANCE(13,1)|MARINE CONDITION(13,1)|TARGET POPULATION(13,1)|CARBON OFFSET(12,4)|RATIONAL GEOENGINEERING(12,4)|BROKER(12,1)|SILICEOUS MATERIAL(12,1)|TROPHIC LEVEL BIOMASS(12,1)|DATABASE(11,4)|MINERAL FULL RANGE(11,1)|RETRACTABLE CABLE(11,1)|SURFACE BOOM(11,1)|CO2(10,12)|GROUND SURFACE(10,6)|EXSOLATION CREDIT(10,4)|CARBON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT(10,2)|HOLLOW BODY(10,2)|MESOPELAGIC WATER COLUMN(10,2)|OCEAN YEAR HORIZON(10,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSALITY EVIDENCE(10,1)|EXTRATERRESTRIAL SOLAR PARASOL(10,1)|FIXED CARBON PARTICULATE FLUX(10,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON SEASONAL SEDIMENTATION(10,1)|PLANETARY ALBEDO RECONFIGURATION(10,1)|SEDIMENTARY BENTHIC EXPORT(10,1)|SUSTAINABLE YIELD(10,1)|CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION(9,2)|ERODABLE ANTIFOULING COATING(9,2)|MESOSCALE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(9,2)|WINCH(9,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(9,1)|EL CHICHON ERUPTION(9,1)|INCIDENT SOLAR IRRADIATION SPECTROGRAM(9,1)|MICRONUTRIENT BALANCED PALETTE(9,1)|NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT BIOAVAILABILITY(9,1)|PLANETARY ECOSYSTEM DISRUPTION(9,1)|TROPHIC LEVEL(8,14)|BID PRICE(8,3)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(8,3)|YR HORIZON(8,3)|BALLASTED KEEL(8,2)|CRYSTALLINE FLOTATIONAL MATRIX(8,2)|HABITAT SUPPLEMENTATION(8,2)|MACROSCOPIC NICHE(8,2)|MICROSCOPIC NICHE(8,2)|NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION(8,2)|SUPPLEMENTAL HABITAT(8,2)|TERRESTRIAL ALBEDO(8,2)|ABSENT SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRIENT(8,1)|IRONX EXPERIMENT DILEMMA(8,1)|MICROBIAL PLANKTON POPULATION(8,1)|PELAGIC OCEAN BIOLOGY(8,1)|SOVIET UNION DISSOLUTION(8,1)|WATERLINE TRANSIENT FLUCTUATION(8,1)|FOOD WEB(7,6)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(7,2)|EXOGENOUS CHELATOR(7,2)|FERTILIZER PELLET(7,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION(7,2)|MISSING NUTRIENT(7,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(7,2)|SOLAR INSOLATION(7,2)|AMORPHOUS SRC GRANULE(7,1)|DIVINE INTERVENTION ASIDE(7,1)|EARTH CRUST REBOUND(7,1)|ERRANT SHIPPING TRAFFIC(7,1)|FULL RANGE(7,1)|HUNGRY ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT WAVE(7,1)|IRREPLACEABLE BOUNTY(7,1)|MARINE PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(7,1)|PUCK NET BUOYANCY(7,1)|UPPER FIXED DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(7,1)|WASTEWATER DOWNSTREAM PLUME(7,1)|WEST ANTARCTIC COLLAPSE(7,1)|SPACE FRAME(6,12)|CENTURY(6,6)|FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE(6,4)|OPEN OCEAN(6,4)|GLASS HOLLOW MICROSPHERE(6,3)|REFLECTIVE CAP(6,3)|RENEWABLE ENERGY(6,3)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(6,3)|CONFIRMATION(6,2)|ECOLOGICAL RISK(6,2)|ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT(6,2)|FOAMED CLAY(6,2)|OPEN MARKET(6,2)|PEANUT HULL(6,2)|POLAR SOUTHERN OCEAN(6,2)|REFLECTIVE PRILL(6,2)|RIBBON EXTRUSION(6,2)|SHARP UPTURN(6,2)|ALBEDO SNOW(6,1)|AMORPHOUS SRC PELLET(6,1)|ANNUALIZED DEADFALL(6,1)|ANOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(6,1)|ARTIFICIAL FOAMED SILICATE(6,1)|ARTIFICIAL KELP LEAVE(6,1)|BIOAVAILABLE REDOX SPECIES(6,1)|BLACK ASPHALT ALBEDO(6,1)|BUOY HULL REINFORCED RING(6,1)|BUOY KEEL(6,1)|BUOYANT PRILL PARTICLE(6,1)|CARCINOGENIC PLASTICIZER(6,1)|CENTRALLY ANCHORED RESEARCH PLATFORM(6,1)|CHEAP PROPOSITION(6,1)|CLASSICAL RETELLING(6,1)|CLOUD ALBEDO(6,1)|COMPELLING ARGUMENT(6,1)|CONTINENTAL FLOODING(6,1)|DIAMETER SEAWATER UPTAKE TUBULATION(6,1)|ENCIRCLING FLOAT BOOM(6,1)|EXEMPTING LANTHANIDE(6,1)|EXPERIMENTAL SETUP PHOTOGRAPH(6,1)|FOREST METHANEDIONE(6,1)|FORTRESS MENTALITY(6,1)|GALOPAGOS ISLAND(6,1)|GENERATIONAL DECLINING(6,1)|IMPENETRABLE POLYRAFT(6,1)|INORGANIC MINERALINE FORMULATION(6,1)|INSTRUMENTED TOROIDAL HORIZONTAL PLATFORM(6,1)|INTEGRATED OCEANOGRAPHIC WORKSTATION(6,1)|KELP STRINGER(6,1)|LIFESTYLE PRESAGE(6,1)|MARINE GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|MARKELS CLAIMING(6,1)|MAXWELL DEMON(6,1)|MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT(6,1)|METHANEDIONE METRIC TON(6,1)|MICROBUBBLE FROTH(6,1)|MICROPARTICULATE OLIVINE(6,1)|MICROPARTICULATE REFLECTOR INJECTION(6,1)|MICROSCOPIC PLANT MYRIAD(6,1)|MICROZOOPLANKTON ENVIROTYPE(6,1)|MINERALINE INORGANIC NUTRIENT(6,1)|MOSS LANDING MARINE LABORATORY(6,1)|NANOPARTICLE ASSISTED INJECTION(6,1)|NATIVE ECOSYSTEM CONVERSION(6,1)|NICHE DIVERSIFICATION(6,1)|NICHE RICHNESS(6,1)|NUTRITIVE LEACHATE(6,1)|OLIGOTROPIC OCEAN(6,1)|PELAGIC AQUACULTURE(6,1)|PHOTONIC INSOLATION MINUS ENERGY(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(6,1)|PINATUBO ERUPTION(6,1)|PLANET ALBEDO(6,1)|PLASTIC WASTE(6,1)|POLITICAL URGENCY(6,1)|PONTOON CORRAL(6,1)|QUANTITATE PARTICLE TRANSIT(6,1)|QUANTITATING NET SEDIMENT FALL(6,1)|RATIONAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|REDOX SPECIES EQUILIBRIUM(6,1)|REMEDIAL GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|REMEDIAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|RETROREFLECTIVE GLASS MICROSPHERE(6,1)|SCHOOLING FISH CLUSTERING(6,1)|SEDIMENTARY CARBON SEQUESTRATION VALIDATION(6,1)|SNOW CLEANNESS(6,1)|SOBER COMMITMENT(6,1)|SOCIAL DISLOCATION(6,1)|SPAR BUOY ELEVATIONAL DAMPENING(6,1)|SPAR BUOY SUBMERSION(6,1)|SPAR BUOY SUPERSTRUCTURE(6,1)|TERRESTRIAL SILVICULTURE(6,1)|TUBULAR BARRIER FLOAT BOOM(6,1)|UNDERSTRUCTURE SUBMERSION(6,1)|UNDERTAKING IRON ENRICHMENT(6,1)|UNINTENDED GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|UNSUSTAINABLE BOUNTY(6,1)|WAVE MOTION(6,1)|WAVE PERIODICITY HARMONIC(6,1)|DIMETHYLSULFIDE(5,9)|DECADE(5,7)|INORGANIC SPECIES(5,3)|MICA PLATELET(5,3)|VOLATILE MEMORY(5,3)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION(5,2)|DISPLAYING ASK PRICE(5,2)|FOSSIL FUEL RESERVE(5,2)|JOHN MARTIN(5,2)|ORGANIC CHELATOR(5,2)|PLANAR ARRAY(5,2)|TARGET RATE(5,2)|ABYSMAL PLAIN(5,1)|ADVANCING WAVEFRONT(5,1)|BALLAST KEEL(5,1)|BET(5,1)|BIOFUEL SUBSTITUTION(5,1)|BUOY GEOMETRY(5,1)|BUOY OSCILLATION(5,1)|CHILD LIFETIME(5,1)|CLAW HYPOTHESIS(5,1)|CLIMATE DILEMMA(5,1)|CLIMATE INTERVENTION STRATEGY(5,1)|COAL BUCKET(5,1)|COCCOLITH PELLET(5,1)|CONTINENT BULK(5,1)|CORPORATE PUBLIC RELATIONS NAME(5,1)|CRYSTALLINE BUOYANT MATRIX(5,1)|DEFINITE CONCEPTION(5,1)|ECONOMIC DARWINISM(5,1)|ENSO EVENT PREDICTED(5,1)|ERODIBILITY VIRTUE(5,1)|EXACTING PAYMENT(5,1)|EXTENSIVE EFFORT(5,1)|EXTRUDED MATRIX RIBBON(5,1)|FECAL SEDIMENT FALL(5,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(5,1)|FORAMINIFERA DEPOSITION(5,1)|FRACTAL ROUGHNESS(5,1)|FRACTAL SCALAR(5,1)|GREEN CERAMIC RIBBON(5,1)|HEAVY STORM SURGE(5,1)|INCIPIENT CRISIS(5,1)|INORGANIC NUTRIENT MIX(5,1)|ISSUING VALIDATED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|KUMOGENESIS REGULATION(5,1)|LARGE PARTICULATE SIZE(5,1)|MARINE FERTILIZER(5,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(5,1)|MARINE SILVICULTURE(5,1)|MAXIMIZE CO2 UPTAKE(5,1)|MEANINGFUL INSIGHT(5,1)|METER SRC(5,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(5,1)|METHANEDIONE GAS METRIC TON(5,1)|METRIC GIGATON(5,1)|MINERAL REDOX SPECIES(5,1)|MONODISPERSE SUSTAINED RELEASE PELLET(5,1)|NEWSWORTHY UPDATE(5,1)|NONLIMITING NUTRIENT(5,1)|NONWETTING VOID(5,1)|NOX COLLATERAL PRODUCTION(5,1)|OCEAN BUOY(5,1)|OCEAN FENCE(5,1)|PELAGIC NURSERY(5,1)|PELLET MATRIX NARROW GENUS(5,1)|PHOSPHORUS SUPPLEMENTATION(5,1)|PLANNER MIND(5,1)|POPULATION EXTINCTION(5,1)|POROUS CERAMICS FREEZE CASTING(5,1)|RECKLESS BEHAVIOR(5,1)|ROBOTIC STRAINER VACUUM(5,1)|ROBOTIC SWEEPER(5,1)|SATELLITE PYROMETRY(5,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON TT(5,1)|SNOW ALBEDO(5,1)|SPAR BUOY STEM(5,1)|SPECULAR REFLECTOR(5,1)|SUPPLY HABITAT NICHE(5,1)|SUSTAINED BIOAVAILABILITY(5,1)|TERRESTRIAL REFLECTION MEASUREMENT(5,1)|TRANSIENT SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|TREMENDOUS DEBATE(5,1)|TRILLION CANDLE(5,1)|VOLCANIC ASH MT(5,1)|WIND CONSTANCY(5,1)|WIPER ROTARY MIXER(5,1)|WORKING BUOY SEALED COMPARTMENT(5,1)|LIGHT REFLECTION(4,8)|DEFORESTATION(4,4)|WINDMILL(4,4)|COMMODITIES MARKET(4,3)|COMMODITY(4,3)|ENCLOSED SURFACE AREA(4,3)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(4,3)|IRON FERTILIZATION(4,3)|LEACHING(4,3)|LIME(4,3)|METHANE HYDRATE(4,3)|PICOPLANKTON(4,3)|AGGREGATE DENSITY(4,2)|CLAY EXPLOSION(4,2)|CLOUD FORMATION(4,2)|EMISSION REDUCTION UNIT(4,2)|FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION(4,2)|GLOBAL DEMAND(4,2)|INORGANIC SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX(4,2)|METHANEDIONE OUTPUT(4,2)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(4,2)|POLYMERIC SPONGE(4,2)|TRACE MINERAL CONSTITUENT(4,2)|ABSTRACT MATHEMATIC CONCEPT(4,1)|AEROSOL CHOICE(4,1)|AIRLIFT PUMPING(4,1)|ALBEDO CONVERSION(4,1)|ALGAE MIXED POPULATION(4,1)|ANNUAL GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET(4,1)|APPROACHING UNITY(4,1)|AQUACULTURAL RESEARCH(4,1)|ARBITRARY FUNCTIONAL BOUNDARY(4,1)|ASSUME POSTURE(4,1)|BARREL HOOP(4,1)|BIOACTIVE MINERAL(4,1)|BLUNT PEAK EMISSION(4,1)|BUOY PLATFORM(4,1)|BUOYANT SRC(4,1)|BURNING CANDLE(4,1)|BUSINESS METRIC(4,1)|CARBONATE SPECIES EQUILIBRIUM(4,1)|CEMENTITIOUS VESSEL(4,1)|CERAMIC POWDER SLURRY(4,1)|CLIMATE MAJOR ENGINE(4,1)|CLOUD CONDENSATION(4,1)|CO2 LIQUEFACTION(4,1)|CO2 REGENERATION(4,1)|COARSE GEL PELLET(4,1)|COMMUNITY FLUX(4,1)|COMMUNITY FOOD CHAIN(4,1)|CONSERVATION EFFORT(4,1)|DEEP SEA BENTHO(4,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(4,1)|DIOXOTITANIUM GLASS(4,1)|DRACONIAN TASK(4,1)|DRAMATIC CLIMATE FORCING(4,1)|EARTH NOTICEABLE COOLING(4,1)|ERODIBLE RIB(4,1)|FERROCEMENT MATRIX(4,1)|FERTILIZE PHOTIC ZONE(4,1)|FLOATING PONTOON(4,1)|FLOATING PUCK(4,1)|FOREST BURNING(4,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSION(4,1)|FUTURE IMPACT INTENSITY(4,1)|GLOBAL ALBEDO COMPONENT(4,1)|GLOBAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY SLOWING(4,1)|GROSS PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|GROUND DETERIORATION(4,1)|GROUND REFLECTION(4,1)|HETEROTROPH GROWTH(4,1)|HETEROTROPHIC SPECIES(4,1)|HOLLOW RIBBED BALL(4,1)|HORTICULTURAL GRADE(4,1)|IMMEDIATE SST COOLING(4,1)|INCIDENT SUNLIGHT(4,1)|INCREASED SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(4,1)|INSECT POPULATION EXPLOSION(4,1)|IRON EX EXPEDITION(4,1)|ISLAND SIZED FLOATING PLATFORM(4,1)|LIGNIN CHELATE(4,1)|LIQUID FERTILIZER SHIPBOARD PUMPING(4,1)|MARINE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|MARKET PREMIUM(4,1)|MATRIX FERTILIZATION(4,1)|MELTING PERMAFROST(4,1)|METHANEDIONE CURRENT ANTHROPOGENIC RELEASE(4,1)|MICRO GRAZER POPULATION(4,1)|MIRACLE GRO PRODUCT(4,1)|MODIFIED STONEWARE CLAY(4,1)|MONOVALENT ANION(4,1)|NANOPLANKTON SIZED AUTOTROPH(4,1)|NATIONAL STRATEGY(4,1)|NATIVE CHELATOR(4,1)|NATIVE SURFACTANT(4,1)|NE GYRE(4,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|NET SUM MARKET(4,1)|NUTRIENT CHEMISTRY(4,1)|NUTRIENT PLOT(4,1)|NUTRIENT RICH PLUME(4,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH(4,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC EPIPELAGIC WATER(4,1)|OLIVINE CRYSTAL(4,1)|PACIFIC EQUATORIAL BELT(4,1)|PARTICLE SEDIMENT DETECTION(4,1)|PASSIVE BUOY(4,1)|PETRI DISH(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POOR(4,1)|POLAR LATITUDE(4,1)|POROUS MINERALINE SUBSTRATE(4,1)|POSE CONSIDERABLE RISK(4,1)|PRINCIPAL GRAZER(4,1)|RAFEL SIM(4,1)|REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENT(4,1)|RETROREFLECTIVE SUBSTRATE(4,1)|SCALAR POROSITY(4,1)|SEDIMENTARY PARTICLE(4,1)|SHOT CRETE(4,1)|SIMULTANEOUS CATASTROPHIC FAILURE DANGER(4,1)|SOCIO ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT(4,1)|SOIL HUMUS(4,1)|SOLUBILIZED MINERAL(4,1)|SOREL CEMENT(4,1)|SORT STIRRED VESSEL(4,1)|SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE(4,1)|TABLET DISSOLUTION(4,1)|TEMPERATE CLIMATE ZONE(4,1)|THUMBNAIL FEASIBILITY STUDY(4,1)|TOROID FLOAT(4,1)|UNACCEPTABLE HAZARD(4,1)|UNCERTAIN COLLATERAL CONSEQUENCE(4,1)|VERMICULITE COMPOSITE(4,1)|VIOLENT WIND(4,1)|WHEAT CHAFF(4,1)|WORLD OCEAN(4,1)|SILICIC ACID(3,5)|WAX(3,5)|SOLAR PANEL INSTALLER(3,3)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|ANOXIA(3,2)|ARTIFICIAL REEF(3,2)|BIOACTIVE SURFACE AREA(3,2)|BLOWGA(3,2)|BORDER(3,2)|CARTOON(3,2)|COBALT NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE(3,2)|COMMUNICATION PORT(3,2)|CROPLAND(3,2)|DIMETHYLSULFONIO PROPIONATE(3,2)|EMISSIONS TRADING(3,2)|GANTRYWAY(3,2)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(3,2)|GRINDING(3,2)|HOLLOW TUBE(3,2)|INORGANIC CARBON(3,2)|MORTAR(3,2)|NEUSTON(3,2)|OUTRIGGER(3,2)|PLANETARY WARMING(3,2)|PLATEAU(3,2)|PRODUCT EXTRUSION(3,2)|PUMPING ACTION(3,2)|RUNAWAY(3,2)|TURBULENCE LAYER(3,2)|VACUUM TANK(3,2)|WEAPON(3,2)|ACCUMULATOR TANK(3,1)|ACTIVE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(3,1)|ADJUSTABLE YOKE(3,1)|ALCOHOL BATH(3,1)|AMELIORATIVE ACTION(3,1)|ANCHOR CABLE(3,1)|ANNULAR PONTOON(3,1)|APPROXIMATE PROPORTION(3,1)|ASSISTING INJECTION(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC SPECIES(3,1)|AVAILABLE EXSOLATIVE CREDIT(3,1)|BIOMASS ENERGY CAPTURE(3,1)|BLUE GREEN IRON GRANULE(3,1)|BOTTOM END(3,1)|BOUNDARY FUNCTION(3,1)|BRITTLE SOLID(3,1)|BUOY ARRAY(3,1)|BUOY MODEL(3,1)|BUOYANT CORE(3,1)|CABLE SUSPENSION(3,1)|CARBON MINERALIZATION(3,1)|CARBON POOL(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CREDIT(3,1)|CELL AGGREGATE(3,1)|CENTRAL WARM POOL(3,1)|CERAMIC GREEN(3,1)|CERAMIC MATRIX(3,1)|CITED PAPER(3,1)|CITED PARAMETER(3,1)|CO2 ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|CO2 EMISSION(3,1)|CO2 RELEASE MAGNITUDE(3,1)|COLLAR YOKE(3,1)|COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM(3,1)|COMPLEX ECOSYSTEM(3,1)|COMPLEX FLOAT(3,1)|COMPLEX FOOD CHAIN ESTABLISHMENT(3,1)|COMPRESSIVE DEFORMATION(3,1)|CONSTANT BUOYANCY(3,1)|COOL PLANET(3,1)|COOLING TREND(3,1)|COPPER NITRATE HEMIPENTAHYDRATE(3,1)|CUMULATIVE TOTAL DISPLACEMENT(3,1)|DARK BOTTOMED TANK(3,1)|DATA PROCESSING(3,1)|DEEP OCEAN SEA(3,1)|DEEP SEA LAKE(3,1)|DEMOCRATIC VALUE WORLDWIDE COLLAPSE(3,1)|DEPOSITION MINERAL(3,1)|DESERTIFICATION(3,1)|DEUX EX MACHINE(3,1)|DICHLORONICKEL(3,1)|DISCHARGE STROKE(3,1)|DISPLACEMENT TUBE(3,1)|DRIVING PUMPING(3,1)|EARTH ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|EARTH DISC(3,1)|ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION(3,1)|EL NINO YEAR(3,1)|ELEGANT SOLUTION(3,1)|ELEMENTAL IRON(3,1)|EMBEDDED IRON FILING(3,1)|EMBEDDED WIRE BARREL(3,1)|ENORMOUS ENERGY CROP(3,1)|ENRICHED URANIUM(3,1)|ENRICHMENT MEDIUM(3,1)|EUTROPHIC CONDITION(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL CONVENIENCE(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETER(3,1)|EXPLODED PORCELAIN(3,1)|EXSOLATION RATIO(3,1)|EXTRA NUTRIENT(3,1)|FALLING PARTICLE(3,1)|FEMALE MOLD(3,1)|FIBER REINFORCED PVC(3,1)|FILL STROKE(3,1)|FINE MESH PLANKTON NET(3,1)|FISH ASSOCIATION(3,1)|FLOATING MATRIX(3,1)|FLOATING PERLITE FILL FACTOR(3,1)|FUTURE ATMOSPHERIC CO2(3,1)|GLACIAL INTERGLACIAL CO2 CHANGE(3,1)|GLASS BUBBLE(3,1)|GLASS COLLET(3,1)|GLOBAL SCALE(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING HARD SCIENCE(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING PROJECTION(3,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|GT CO2(3,1)|HABITAT PROVISION(3,1)|HARD DECISION(3,1)|HARVEST ABLE FISH(3,1)|HARVEST ABLE SPECIES PRODUCTION(3,1)|HENRY CONSTANT(3,1)|HETEROTROPH ACTION(3,1)|HOLLOW GLASS MICROSPHERE(3,1)|HOLLOW MICROSPHERE MANUFACTURE(3,1)|HORIZONTAL PARTITION(3,1)|HUMAN SOCIETY RELUCTANCE(3,1)|IMMEDIATE DECREASE(3,1)|INCIDENT RADIATION(3,1)|INCIDENTAL HEAT POLLUTION(3,1)|INCREASED OCEANIC ALBEDO(3,1)|INELASTIC TENSION(3,1)|INFRARED RADIATION DEAL(3,1)|INORGANIC ALGAL GROWTH MEDIUM(3,1)|INORGANIC GAS PRECURSOR(3,1)|INORGANIC IRON(3,1)|INORGANIC MATRIX(3,1)|INSIDE WATERLINE(3,1)|INSOLUBLE HYDROXIDE(3,1)|INSTRUMENT PACKAGE(3,1)|INSTRUMENT PLATFORM(3,1)|INTERMEDIATE HABITAT(3,1)|INVESTMENT LOSS(3,1)|IRON AVAILABILITY(3,1)|IRON FILING SEDIMENTATION(3,1)|IRON POOR OCEAN(3,1)|JAPANESE FISHERMAN(3,1)|LARGE CENTRIC DIATOM BLOOM(3,1)|LESSENED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY(3,1)|MACROSEDIMENTATION(3,1)|MAINTAINING TRIM(3,1)|MAJOR POLLUTANT(3,1)|MARINE SEDIMENT SEPARATION(3,1)|MARTIN IRON HYPOTHESIS(3,1)|MARTIN PAPER(3,1)|MASSIVE SCALE(3,1)|MAXIMAL BENEFIT(3,1)|MEANINGFUL NET REDUCTION(3,1)|MEASURABLE DECREASE(3,1)|MEASURING NUTRIENT(3,1)|MESOZOOPLANKTON(3,1)|METALLIC REFLECTOR(3,1)|METHANE DECREASED PRODUCTION(3,1)|METHYLSULFANYL METHANE PRODUCTION(3,1)|MICA EXPLOSION(3,1)|MICROSCOPIC SIZE OPAL(3,1)|MILE(3,1)|MINERAL FORMULATION(3,1)|MINIMUM WATERLINE(3,1)|MOIST MINERAL(3,1)|MT SULFUR(3,1)|NATIVE AMERICAN(3,1)|NATIVE COMPLEX ORGANISM(3,1)|NESTED CABLE(3,1)|NESTED TUBE(3,1)|NET AGGREGATE(3,1)|NET CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|NET PLANETARY HEAT GAIN(3,1)|NET POSITIVE BUOYANCY(3,1)|NET SHEET(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(3,1)|NM PRICE(3,1)|NUTRIENT FLUX(3,1)|NUTRIENT FORMULATION DESIGN(3,1)|OCEANIC HABITAT(3,1)|ORDINARY GLASS MICROSPHERE(3,1)|OXOMANGANESE(3,1)|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY(3,1)|PARTICLE REFLECTION(3,1)|PEAK POPULATION(3,1)|PELAGIC FOOD WEB(3,1)|PERIODIC CABLE REPLACEMENT(3,1)|PERIODIC MAINTENANCE(3,1)|PERLITE GLASS(3,1)|PHOTODIODE DETECTOR(3,1)|PHOTONIC SUM(3,1)|PICKEN PLAN(3,1)|PLANET BLACKBODY TEMPERATURE(3,1)|PLANETARY HEAT BALANCE(3,1)|PLASTIC DETRITUS(3,1)|PONTOON CENTER(3,1)|POROUS COAT(3,1)|PORTABLE LABORATORY(3,1)|PREDATOR GIVE(3,1)|PRELIMINARY EVALUATION(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER GRAZER(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER POPULATION(3,1)|PROBABLE NET(3,1)|PROKARYOTE(3,1)|PUCK DENSITY(3,1)|PULSE ADMINISTRATION(3,1)|PVC TUBING(3,1)|RADIATION INCIDENT(3,1)|RADIATION REFLECTION(3,1)|RAIN FALL(3,1)|REFLECTIVE DECK(3,1)|RELENTLESS RISE(3,1)|REMOVEABLE MANDREL(3,1)|RESISTED PITCH(3,1)|RESOURCE ALLOCATION INCIDENTAL COST(3,1)|RIGID TOROID(3,1)|RING PONTOON(3,1)|ROUGH SEA(3,1)|SALINITY ADJUSTMENT(3,1)|SAMPLING GRID(3,1)|SANCTION(3,1)|SCIENTIFIC 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WORKSTATION(6,1)|LIFESTYLE PRESAGE MASS EXTINCTION(6,1)|MACROSCOPIC NICHE(6,1)|MARINE GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|MARKELS CLAIMING(6,1)|MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT(6,1)|MESOSCALE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(6,1)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|MICROBUBBLE FROTH(6,1)|MICROPARTICULATE REFLECTOR INJECTION(6,1)|MICROSCOPIC NICHE(6,1)|MINERALINE INORGANIC NUTRIENT(6,1)|MIXED SEDIMENT STEADY RAIN(6,1)|MOSS LANDING MARINE LABORATORY(6,1)|NATIVE ECOSYSTEM CONVERSION(6,1)|NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION(6,1)|OVERHANGING TRELLIS(6,1)|PAST HUNDRED YEAR IMPLICATION(6,1)|PHOTONIC INSOLATION MINUS ENERGY(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(6,1)|PLANETARY HYPERCAPNEA(6,1)|PLASTIC WASTE(6,1)|POLITICAL URGENCY(6,1)|PONTOON CORRAL(6,1)|QUANTITATE PARTICLE TRANSIT(6,1)|QUANTITATING NET SEDIMENT FALL(6,1)|RAPID CLIMATE RECONSTITUTION(6,1)|RATIONAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|REALISTIC TEMPORARY OPTION(6,1)|REMEDIAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|REMEDIATING CO2 ACCUMULATION(6,1)|RETROREFLECTIVE GLASS MICROSPHERE(6,1)|RIGID HEXAGONAL DOCKING 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STORAGE(4,2)|PLANETARY SCALE(4,2)|POLYMERIC SPONGE(4,2)|SUSPENSION CABLE(4,2)|TRACE MINERAL CONSTITUENT(4,2)|VERIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTION(4,2)|ALBEDO CONVERSION(4,1)|ALGAE MIXED POPULATION(4,1)|ANNUAL GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET(4,1)|AQUACULTURAL RESEARCH(4,1)|ARBITRARY FUNCTIONAL BOUNDARY(4,1)|ASSUME POSTURE(4,1)|BARREL HOOP(4,1)|BLUNT PEAK EMISSION(4,1)|BUOY PLATFORM(4,1)|BUOYANT SRC(4,1)|BUSINESS METRIC(4,1)|CARBONATE SPECIES EQUILIBRIUM(4,1)|CEMENT ALKALINITY(4,1)|CEMENT HYDRATION(4,1)|CEMENT PENETRATION(4,1)|CEMENTITIOUS VESSEL(4,1)|CERAMIC POWDER SLURRY(4,1)|CLIMATE MAJOR ENGINE(4,1)|CLOUD CONDENSATION(4,1)|CO2 CERTIFICATE(4,1)|CO2 LIQUEFACTION(4,1)|CO2 TRADER(4,1)|COARSE GEL PELLET(4,1)|CONFIRMATION(4,1)|CONSERVATION EFFORT(4,1)|CRITERIA POLLUTANT ALLOWANCE(4,1)|CRUSHED SCORIA(4,1)|DENSE AGGREGATE(4,1)|DENSE CARBONATE SHELL(4,1)|DEPLOYMENT PHASE(4,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(4,1)|DIOXOTITANIUM GLASS(4,1)|DRACONIAN TASK(4,1)|DRAMATIC CLIMATE FORCING(4,1)|EARTH NOTICEABLE COOLING(4,1)|ERODIBLE RIB(4,1)|FLOATING CURTAIN(4,1)|FLOATING PONTOON(4,1)|FLOATING PUCK(4,1)|FOREST BURNING(4,1)|GARBAGE ACCUMULATION(4,1)|GLOBAL ALBEDO COMPONENT(4,1)|GLOBAL REFLECTIVE COOLING(4,1)|GREENHOUSE INSTALLATION(4,1)|GROSS PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|GROUND DETERIORATION(4,1)|GROUND REFLECTION(4,1)|HETEROTROPHIC SPECIES(4,1)|HOLLOW RIBBED BALL(4,1)|HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION(4,1)|HORTICULTURAL GRADE(4,1)|INCIDENT SUNLIGHT(4,1)|IRON EX EXPEDITION(4,1)|ISLAND SIZED FLOATING PLATFORM(4,1)|ISSUING INSTRUCTION(4,1)|LIGNIN CHELATE(4,1)|LIQUID FERTILIZER SHIPBOARD PUMPING(4,1)|MARINE SEWAGE(4,1)|MARKET PREMIUM(4,1)|MATRIX FERTILIZATION(4,1)|MAXIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|MELTING PERMAFROST(4,1)|METHANEDIONE CURRENT ANTHROPOGENIC RELEASE(4,1)|MIRACLE GRO PRODUCT(4,1)|MODIFIED STONEWARE CLAY(4,1)|MONOVALENT ANION(4,1)|NANOPLANKTON SIZED AUTOTROPH(4,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|NET SUM MARKET(4,1)|NUTRIENT FORMULATION(4,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH(4,1)|OLIVINE CRYSTAL(4,1)|PACIFIC EQUATORIAL BELT(4,1)|PARTICLE SEDIMENT(4,1)|PASSIVE BUOY(4,1)|PEANUT HULL(4,1)|PETRI DISH(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POOR(4,1)|POLAR SOUTHERN OCEAN(4,1)|POROUS MINERALINE SUBSTRATE(4,1)|POSE CONSIDERABLE RISK(4,1)|REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENT(4,1)|RETROREFLECTIVE SUBSTRATE(4,1)|RIGID CELLULAR GRID(4,1)|RIGOROUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW(4,1)|SHOT CRETE(4,1)|SIMULTANEOUS CATASTROPHIC FAILURE DANGER(4,1)|SOCIO ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT(4,1)|SOIL HUMUS(4,1)|SOREL CEMENT(4,1)|SORT STIRRED VESSEL(4,1)|STORM SURGE(4,1)|SUBTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE(4,1)|SUSPENDED PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION(4,1)|SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE(4,1)|TABLET DISSOLUTION(4,1)|TOROID FLOAT(4,1)|TRADABLE CO2(4,1)|UNACCEPTABLE HAZARD(4,1)|VERMICULITE COMPOSITE(4,1)|WASTE CONVERGENCE(4,1)|WHEAT CHAFF(4,1)|WHITE VINYL ROOFING(4,1)|SILICIC ACID(3,5)|BORATE(3,4)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(3,4)|FURNACE(3,3)|SOLAR PANEL INSTALLER(3,3)|AERATION(3,2)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|ANOXIA(3,2)|BARNACLE(3,2)|BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY(3,2)|BIOREMEDIATION(3,2)|BLOWGA(3,2)|BORDER(3,2)|CALM WATER(3,2)|CARTOON(3,2)|CO2 EQUIVALENT(3,2)|COBALT NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE(3,2)|COMMODITIES MARKET(3,2)|CROPLAND(3,2)|CULLET(3,2)|ECONOMIC COLLAPSE(3,2)|EUROPEAN UNION ALLOWANCE(3,2)|FECAL PELLET(3,2)|FEEDSTOCK(3,2)|FENESTRATION(3,2)|GANTRYWAY(3,2)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(3,2)|GLOBAL MEAN TEMPERATURE(3,2)|GRINDING(3,2)|HOLLOW TUBE(3,2)|INCREASED ALBEDO(3,2)|INFRAROMETRY(3,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION(3,2)|LITHIFICATION(3,2)|MORTAR(3,2)|OUTRIGGER(3,2)|PROCESSING MODULE(3,2)|PRODUCT EXTRUSION(3,2)|RUNAWAY(3,2)|SINTERING(3,2)|SUPERCRITICAL CO2(3,2)|TRANSACTION(3,2)|TRILLION(3,2)|WAVE ENERGY DIFFUSION(3,2)|WEAPON(3,2)|ACCELERATED TECTONIC PLATE SLIPPAGE(3,1)|ADJUSTABLE YOKE(3,1)|ALABASTER GLASS(3,1)|ALCOHOL BATH(3,1)|ALKALINE CARBONATE(3,1)|ALLOWING CARBON(3,1)|AMELIORATIVE ACTION(3,1)|ANCHOR CABLE(3,1)|ANNULAR PONTOON(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC SPECIES(3,1)|AVAILABLE EXSOLATIVE CREDIT(3,1)|BIOMASS ENERGY CAPTURE(3,1)|BLUE GREEN IRON GRANULE(3,1)|BOUNDARY FUNCTION(3,1)|BRITTLE SOLID(3,1)|BUOY MODEL(3,1)|BUOYANT CORE(3,1)|CABLE SUSPENSION(3,1)|CARBON POOL(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CERTIFICATION(3,1)|CELL AGGREGATE(3,1)|CENTRAL WARM POOL(3,1)|CERAMIC GREEN(3,1)|CERAMIC MATRIX(3,1)|CITED PAPER(3,1)|CLOUD FORMATION(3,1)|CO2 ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|CO2 EMISSION CREDIT(3,1)|CO2 EMISSION PERMIT(3,1)|CO2 EMITTER(3,1)|CO2 EXCESS(3,1)|CO2 REGULATOR(3,1)|CO2 RELEASE MAGNITUDE(3,1)|COLLAR YOKE(3,1)|COMMODITY REQUEST INFORMATION(3,1)|COMPLEX FLOAT(3,1)|COMPLEX FOOD CHAIN ESTABLISHMENT(3,1)|COMPLEX MULTILEVEL TROPHIC LAYER(3,1)|COMPOSITION LB(3,1)|COPPER NITRATE HEMIPENTAHYDRATE(3,1)|CORRELATION INDEX(3,1)|CORUNDUM FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLE(3,1)|CRITICAL THRESHOLD(3,1)|CUMULATIVE TOTAL DISPLACEMENT(3,1)|DARK BOTTOMED TANK(3,1)|DEEP SEA LAKE(3,1)|DEMOCRATIC VALUE GLOBAL COLLAPSE(3,1)|DESERTIFICATION(3,1)|DETECTABLE GLOBAL COOLING(3,1)|DICHLORONICKEL(3,1)|DIRECTLY INCREASING SURFACE ALBEDO(3,1)|DISPLAYING ASK PRICE(3,1)|EARTH DISC(3,1)|ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION(3,1)|EL NINO YEAR(3,1)|ELEMENTAL IRON(3,1)|EMBEDDED INSTRUCTION(3,1)|EMBEDDED IRON FILING(3,1)|EMBEDDED WIRE BARREL(3,1)|ENGINEERING PLANETARY TEMPERATURE(3,1)|ENORMOUS ENERGY CROP(3,1)|ENRICHED URANIUM(3,1)|EQUIVALENT CERTIFICATE(3,1)|EQUIVALENT METHANEDIONE(3,1)|EXOGENOUS PARTICLE(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL CONVENIENCE(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL FRAMEWORK(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETER(3,1)|EXPLODED PORCELAIN(3,1)|EXPLODED VOID(3,1)|EXSOLATION RATIO(3,1)|FEMALE MOLD(3,1)|FIBER REINFORCED PVC(3,1)|FINE MESH PLANKTON NET(3,1)|FISH ASSOCIATION(3,1)|FLOATING MATRIX(3,1)|FLOATING PERLITE FILL FACTOR(3,1)|FUNDING DEVELOPMENT(3,1)|FUTURE ATMOSPHERIC CO2(3,1)|GASEOUS VOID(3,1)|GLACIAL INTERGLACIAL CO2 CHANGE(3,1)|GLASS BUBBLE(3,1)|GLASS COLLET(3,1)|GLASS SOLUBLE CONTAMINANT(3,1)|GLOBAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY(3,1)|GLOBAL HEATING BALANCE(3,1)|GLOBAL SCALE(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING HARD SCIENCE(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING PROJECTION(3,1)|HARD DECISION(3,1)|HARVEST ABLE FISH(3,1)|HARVEST ABLE SPECIES PRODUCTION(3,1)|HENRY CONSTANT(3,1)|HEXAGONAL ARRAY(3,1)|HEXAGONAL CELL(3,1)|HOLLOW GLASS MICROSPHERE(3,1)|HOLLOW MICROSPHERE MANUFACTURE(3,1)|HORIZONTAL PARTITION(3,1)|HYDRATED CALCIUM SILICATE(3,1)|IMMEDIATE DECREASE(3,1)|INCIDENT RADIATION(3,1)|INCIDENTAL HEAT POLLUTION(3,1)|INCREASED OCEANIC ALBEDO(3,1)|INDIGESTIBLE MATTER(3,1)|INEFFICIENCY(3,1)|INELASTIC TENSION(3,1)|INFRARED RADIATION DEAL(3,1)|INORGANIC ALGAL GROWTH MEDIUM(3,1)|INORGANIC GAS PRECURSOR(3,1)|INORGANIC IRON(3,1)|INORGANIC MATRIX(3,1)|IRON AVAILABILITY(3,1)|IRON FILING SEDIMENTATION(3,1)|JAPANESE FISHERMAN(3,1)|JOHN MARTIN(3,1)|LARGE CENTRIC DIATOM BLOOM(3,1)|LESSENED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|LIGHT(3,1)|LIME ALUMINA(3,1)|LINKED OPERATIVE COMMUNICATION(3,1)|LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY(3,1)|MACROSCOPIC FECAL MATTER(3,1)|MANAGING TRANSFER(3,1)|MARINE SEDIMENT SEPARATION(3,1)|MARTIN PAPER(3,1)|MASSIVE SCALE(3,1)|MAXIMAL BENEFIT(3,1)|MEANINGFUL NET REDUCTION(3,1)|MEASURABLE DECREASE(3,1)|MEASURING NUTRIENT(3,1)|MELTING ARCTIC ICE CAP(3,1)|METALLIC REFLECTOR(3,1)|METHANE DECREASED PRODUCTION(3,1)|METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT CARBON(3,1)|MICA EXPLOSION(3,1)|MINERAL FORMULATION(3,1)|MINIMUM WATERLINE(3,1)|MOIST MINERAL(3,1)|NATIVE AMERICAN(3,1)|NESTED CABLE(3,1)|NESTED TUBE(3,1)|NET AGGREGATE(3,1)|NET PLANETARY HEAT GAIN(3,1)|NET POSITIVE BUOYANCY(3,1)|NET SHEET(3,1)|NEUTRAL PH(3,1)|NICHE LEVEL COMPLEXITY(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(3,1)|NURSERY SPACE(3,1)|OCEAN DEPTH(3,1)|OCEAN PH(3,1)|OCEAN SQUARE KILOMETER(3,1)|OCEAN SQUARE MILE(3,1)|OCEANIC HABITAT(3,1)|OPACIFICATION(3,1)|ORDINARY GLASS MICROSPHERE(3,1)|OXOMANGANESE(3,1)|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY(3,1)|PARTICLE REFLECTION(3,1)|PARTICULATE PLASTIC(3,1)|PEAK TROUGH AMPLITUDE(3,1)|PELAGIC FOOD WEB(3,1)|PERCEPTIBLE GLOBAL COOLING(3,1)|PERIODIC CABLE REPLACEMENT(3,1)|PERLITE GLASS(3,1)|PHOTODIODE DETECTOR(3,1)|PHOTONIC SUM(3,1)|PHOTOSYSTEM II ACTIVATION(3,1)|PLANET BLACKBODY TEMPERATURE(3,1)|PLASTIC PRECURSOR(3,1)|POLLUTION COST(3,1)|PONTOON CENTER(3,1)|POROUS COAT(3,1)|PORTABLE LABORATORY(3,1)|PREINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LEVEL(3,1)|PRELIMINARY EVALUATION(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER GRAZER(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER POPULATION(3,1)|PROBABLE NET(3,1)|PROKARYOTE(3,1)|PUCK DENSITY(3,1)|QUICK FIX(3,1)|RADIATION INCIDENT(3,1)|RADIATION REFLECTION(3,1)|READ WRITABLE DATABASE(3,1)|RECEPTION MANAGEMENT(3,1)|RELENTLESS RISE(3,1)|REMOVEABLE MANDREL(3,1)|RESISTED PITCH(3,1)|RESOURCE ALLOCATION INCIDENTAL COST(3,1)|RETAINING BARRIER(3,1)|RETAINING POSITIVE BUOYANCY(3,1)|REVERSE ACIDIFICATION(3,1)|REVERSE GLOBAL WARMING(3,1)|RIGID TOROID(3,1)|RING BOOM(3,1)|RING PONTOON(3,1)|ROUGH SEA(3,1)|SAMPLING GRID(3,1)|SATISFACTORY CRITERION(3,1)|SCALE PLUME(3,1)|SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE(3,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(3,1)|SEDIMENT PRODUCTION ASSUMPTION(3,1)|SELF PROPELLED VESSEL(3,1)|SEMI PERMANENT MOORING(3,1)|SHAPED SILICEOUS INGOT(3,1)|SHARP UPTURN(3,1)|SILICA DIOXIDE(3,1)|SILICA GLASS FORMULATION(3,1)|SILICA POWDER(3,1)|SILICA SAND(3,1)|SILICATE MATRIX(3,1)|SILICEOUS GROWTH(3,1)|SILVICULTURE PRACTICE(3,1)|SLOW RELEASE MINERALINE(3,1)|SODA LIME SILICA(3,1)|SOL GEL PRECURSOR(3,1)|SOLAR PANEL PERIODIC REPLACEMENT(3,1)|SOLUBILIZED IRON(3,1)|SPHERICAL FLOAT(3,1)|SPRAY FOAM INSULATION(3,1)|STABLE PLATFORM(3,1)|STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK(3,1)|SUB TERRESTRIAL STRATA(3,1)|SUNLIGHT COLUMN(3,1)|SUPERCRITICAL SOLVENT(3,1)|SURPASSED NEW INVESTMENT(3,1)|SUSPENDED NET(3,1)|SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ECONOMY(3,1)|SUSTAINED RELEASE KINETICS(3,1)|SWELL PASSAGE(3,1)|SYNERGIC(3,1)|TEMPORARY RELIEF(3,1)|TERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|TERRESTRIAL SOLAR RADIATION(3,1)|THRASHING FERTILIZATION(3,1)|TIMED RELEASE MATRIX(3,1)|TOROID FRAME(3,1)|TOTAL ATMOSPHERIC POOL(3,1)|TOTAL URBAN LANDSCAPE(3,1)|TRADING CARBON CREDIT(3,1)|TRIPLE NOZZLE(3,1)|TT CO2(3,1)|US FOB(3,1)|USEFUL FINANCIAL TOOL(3,1)|VALIDATED FLUX RATE(3,1)|VIOLET BLUE LASER(3,1)|WAVE DIFFUSER(3,1)|WAVE SURGE(3,1)|WEATHER ABILITY(3,1)|WEST ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET(3,1)|WEST TRACK(3,1)|WET CEMENT PRECURSOR(3,1)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(2,3)|MIDDLE LAYER(2,3)|MOLE(2,3)|NUCLEAR POWER PLANT(2,3)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(2,3)|PUMICE(2,3)|ENCLOSURE(2,2)|POROSITY(2,2)|REFLECTION COEFFICIENT(2,2)|ACCIDENT(2,1)|ACCOUNTING(2,1)|ACCUMULATED WEIGHT(2,1)|ACTINIDE(2,1)|AGGLOMERATE(2,1)|AGGREGATE REDUCING REFLECTED HEAT(2,1)|AIR FORCED INJECTION(2,1)|AIR KRETE(2,1)|ALTITUDE(2,1)|ALUMINUM WELDING(2,1)|AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|AQUACULTURE(2,1)|AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|ARABLE LAND(2,1)|ARTIFICE(2,1)|ASSERTION(2,1)|ASTONISHMENT(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE GREENHOUSE GAS(2,1)|AUTOCLAVE(2,1)|BANKING CRISIS(2,1)|BARBER(2,1)|BENTHO(2,1)|BIODENSITY(2,1)|BIOUPTAKE(2,1)|CALCULATED DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(2,1)|CARBON TRANSFER(2,1)|CARBONATE SOURCE(2,1)|CENOSPHERE(2,1)|CENTRAL SPAR BUOY(2,1)|CENTRAL STEM(2,1)|CILIATE(2,1)|CLEAR HARD GEL MATRIX(2,1)|CLIMATOLOGY(2,1)|CLUMP(2,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION PRODUCTION(2,1)|COAL GASIFICATION(2,1)|COLONIZATION(2,1)|COMMITTING CHANGE(2,1)|COMMODITY MARKET(2,1)|COMMUNICATION MODULE(2,1)|COMMUNICATION PORT(2,1)|COMPOUNDING(2,1)|CONFIDENCE(2,1)|CONSENSUS(2,1)|COOLING BALANCE(2,1)|COOPERATIVE(2,1)|COPEPOD(2,1)|CORRECTIVE(2,1)|CULTIVATION(2,1)|CURRENCY(2,1)|DAMPENER(2,1)|DATAPORT(2,1)|DECEASE(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DECOMPOSITION(2,1)|DECREASE OBSERVATION(2,1)|DEMILITARIZED ZONE(2,1)|DEPTH MARK(2,1)|DOLLAR(2,1)|DOUBLING(2,1)||(US20120011050)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,39)|100 YEAR HORIZON(100,26)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CERTIFICATE(100,15)|DENOMINATION(100,8)|CARBON MASS(100,5)|OCEAN 100 YEAR HORIZON(100,5)|BIOPHYSICAL GEOENGINEERING(100,1)|CARBON VALIDATING SEQUESTRATION(100,1)|SEQUESTRATION VALIDATION(100,1)|MONETIZABLE CERTIFICATE(77,2)|TRADABLE CERTIFICATE(63,2)|INORGANIC NUTRIENT FORMULATION(57,2)|SPAR BUOY(55,40)|NET AGGREGATE POSITIVE BUOYANCY(55,2)|PELAGIC AQUACULTURE WORKSTATION(51,1)|GRANITIC QUARRY FINE(50,1)|AGGREGATE POSITIVE BUOYANCY(49,2)|SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(47,8)|ELEMENTAL DEFICIENCY(40,1)|MEASURING SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL DATA(40,1)|TREATING CEMENT PRECURSOR(40,1)|CLOUD NUCLEATION(35,1)|CERTIFICATE(32,12)|PASSIVE CIRCULATION(32,2)|MARINE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY(32,1)|EXSOLATIVE ENERGY(31,1)|SEA(30,34)|FIN PALISADE(30,2)|ACCELERATE BIOREMEDIATION(30,1)|SOLAR EXSOLATION(27,7)|ANALYTICAL PLATFORM(26,1)|FOAM MATRIX(26,1)|FENESTRATED CONTRALATERAL WALL(25,2)|IMMEDIATE RELIEF(24,1)|SPAR BUOY ANNULAR ARRAY(24,1)|BALLAST MASS(23,2)|PEROXOL(22,1)|POROUS CORE(22,1)|STRATOSPHERE BASE(22,1)|INORGANIC BINDER(21,3)|SUPERSTRUCTURE(20,8)|SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX(20,4)|SCCO(20,2)|INORGANIC PARTICLE(20,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON FLUX INDEX(20,1)|WET MIXING(20,1)|USEFUL SUPPLEMENT(19,1)|WAVE ENERGY DISSIPATION(18,7)|SUBMERSION(18,1)|SPAR BUOY NETWORK(17,6)|SEQUESTERED CARBON FLUX(17,4)|TROPOSPHERE(16,3)|DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(16,2)|H2O(16,2)|ANNUALIZED PELAGIC SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(16,1)|SEA FLOOR(15,5)|INTERACTIVE DISPLAY(15,2)|RECORDING(15,2)|WAVE SURGE(15,2)|ALBEDO(14,17)|IPCC(14,2)|TRADABLE COMMODITY INVENTORY(14,2)|H3PO(14,1)|VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(14,1)|PROGRAM MODULE(13,2)|DECREASING TEMPERATURE(13,1)|DISPOSITION SPACE(13,1)|TARGET POPULATION(13,1)|CO2(12,26)|STORM(12,4)|CAO(12,1)|DISPERSION(11,2)|MINERAL FULL RANGE(11,1)|SURFACE BOOM(11,1)|WINCH(11,1)|GROUND SURFACE(10,6)|LIME(10,5)|CO2 SEQUESTERER(10,4)|EXSOLATION CREDIT(10,4)|ISSUANCE(10,3)|SLURRY(10,3)|BROKER(10,2)|CURING(10,2)|FLY ASH(10,2)|HOLLOW BODY(10,2)|NEXT FIN(10,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSALITY EVIDENCE(10,1)|CSCERT CERTIFICATE INVENTORY(10,1)|EXTRATERRESTRIAL SOLAR PARASOL(10,1)|HIGH ALUMINATE POZZOLAN(10,1)|INCREASE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(10,1)|MULTILEVEL TROPHIC COMMUNITY(10,1)|PLANETARY ALBEDO RECONFIGURATION(10,1)|SEDIMENTARY BENTHIC EXPORT(10,1)|TRADABLE VALIDATED CERTIFICATE(10,1)|SOLAR INSOLATION(9,3)|ERODABLE ANTIFOULING COATING(9,2)|MGO(9,2)|RETRACTABLE CABLE(9,2)|SEQUESTERING FIXED CARBON(9,2)|SILICEOUS MATERIAL(9,2)|INCIDENT SOLAR IRRADIATION SPECTROGRAM(9,1)|MAINLAND WESTERN COAST(9,1)|METHANEDIONE BUILDUP DECADE(9,1)|SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL FLUX(9,1)|TRADABLE COMMODITY PURCHASE(9,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(8,7)|BID PRICE(8,3)|BAFFLE(8,2)|BALLASTED KEEL(8,2)|CERTIFICATE VALIDATION(8,2)|CRYSTALLINE FLOTATIONAL MATRIX(8,2)|RATIONAL GEOENGINEERING(8,2)|TROPHIC LEVEL SUSTAINABLE YIELD(8,2)|MACRO UNDERWATER FOREST(8,1)|PELAGIC REFLECTIVE NUTRIENT(8,1)|PELAGIC REFLECTIVE PUCK(8,1)|SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL VALIDATION STUDY(8,1)|SOVIET UNION DISSOLUTION(8,1)|WATERLINE TRANSIENT FLUCTUATION(8,1)|SPACE FRAME(7,9)|TROPHIC LEVEL(7,8)|PAYMENT(7,6)|FOOD WEB(7,5)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION CONVERTER(7,3)|EQUATORIAL WAIST(7,2)|FERTILIZER PELLET(7,2)|FLOATING SURFACE(7,2)|MARINE FERTILIZATION(7,2)|MISSING NUTRIENT(7,2)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(7,2)|AMORPHOUS SRC GRANULE(7,1)|COMMUNITY LUNG ECOLOGICAL EQUIVALENT(7,1)|DIVINE INTERVENTION ASIDE(7,1)|EARTH CRUST REBOUND(7,1)|FULL RANGE(7,1)|HUNGRY ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT WAVE(7,1)|IRREPLACEABLE BOUNTY(7,1)|MARINE PRODUCTIVITY ISLAND(7,1)|PUCK NET BUOYANCY(7,1)|UPPER FIXED DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(7,1)|WEST ANTARCTIC COLLAPSE(7,1)|GT CO2(6,5)|FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE(6,4)|CO2 SEQUESTERING PRODUCT(6,3)|GLASS HOLLOW MICROSPHERE(6,3)|REFLECTIVE CAP(6,3)|WAVE TROUGH(6,3)|CO2 COMMODITY(6,2)|ECOLOGICAL RISK(6,2)|ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT(6,2)|FOAMED CLAY(6,2)|INSTRUMENT PLATFORM(6,2)|REFLECTIVE PRILL(6,2)|RIBBON EXTRUSION(6,2)|ADJUNCT ACCELERANT(6,1)|AEROBIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|ALBEDO PAVEMENT(6,1)|ALBEDO SNOW(6,1)|AMORPHOUS SRC PELLET(6,1)|ANNUALIZED DEADFALL(6,1)|ANOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(6,1)|ARTIFICIAL FOAMED SILICATE(6,1)|BIOAVAILABLE REDOX SPECIES(6,1)|BIOPHYSICAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|BLACK ASPHALT ALBEDO(6,1)|BUOY HULL REINFORCED RING(6,1)|BUOYANT PRILL PARTICLE(6,1)|BUOYANT SUPERSTRUCTURE(6,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION VALIDATED CERTIFICATE(6,1)|CENTRALLY ANCHORED RESEARCH PLATFORM(6,1)|CO2 ANTHROPOGENIC INJECTION(6,1)|COMPELLING ARGUMENT(6,1)|CONTINENTAL FLOODING(6,1)|CSCCERT CERTIFICATE(6,1)|DESERT ECOSYSTEM(6,1)|DRASTIC DOWNTURN(6,1)|ENCIRCLING FLOAT BOOM(6,1)|EXEMPTING LANTHANIDE(6,1)|EXPERIMENTAL SETUP PHOTOGRAPH(6,1)|FOREST METHANEDIONE(6,1)|FORTRESS MENTALITY(6,1)|FROND THATCH(6,1)|GALOPAGOS ISLAND(6,1)|GLOBAL CLIMATE BIOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING(6,1)|GOVERNMENT FORESIGHT(6,1)|IMPENETRABLE POLYRAFT(6,1)|INORGANIC MINERALINE FORMULATION(6,1)|INSTRUMENTED TOROIDAL HORIZONTAL PLATFORM(6,1)|INTEGRATED OCEANOGRAPHIC WORKSTATION(6,1)|LIFESTYLE PRESAGE MASS EXTINCTION(6,1)|MACROSCOPIC NICHE(6,1)|MARINE GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|MARKELS CLAIMING(6,1)|MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT(6,1)|MESOSCALE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(6,1)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(6,1)|MICROBUBBLE FROTH(6,1)|MICROPARTICULATE REFLECTOR INJECTION(6,1)|MICROSCOPIC NICHE(6,1)|MINERALINE INORGANIC NUTRIENT(6,1)|MIXED SEDIMENT STEADY RAIN(6,1)|MOSS LANDING MARINE LABORATORY(6,1)|NATIVE ECOSYSTEM CONVERSION(6,1)|NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION(6,1)|OVERHANGING TRELLIS(6,1)|PAST HUNDRED YEAR IMPLICATION(6,1)|PHOTONIC INSOLATION MINUS ENERGY(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM(6,1)|PLANETARY HYPERCAPNEA(6,1)|PLASTIC WASTE(6,1)|POLITICAL URGENCY(6,1)|PONTOON CORRAL(6,1)|QUANTITATE PARTICLE TRANSIT(6,1)|QUANTITATING NET SEDIMENT FALL(6,1)|RAPID CLIMATE RECONSTITUTION(6,1)|RATIONAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|REALISTIC TEMPORARY OPTION(6,1)|REMEDIAL TERRAFORMING(6,1)|REMEDIATING CO2 ACCUMULATION(6,1)|RETROREFLECTIVE GLASS MICROSPHERE(6,1)|RIGID HEXAGONAL DOCKING GRID(6,1)|SCHOOLING FISH CLUSTERING(6,1)|SEDIMENTARY CARBON SEQUESTRATION MONETIZATION(6,1)|SEDIMENTARY DOWNFALL(6,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON INTEGRATING FLUX(6,1)|SNOW CLEANNESS(6,1)|SOBER COMMITMENT(6,1)|SOCIAL DISLOCATION(6,1)|SPAR BUOY ELEVATIONAL DAMPENING(6,1)|SPAR BUOY WATERLINE(6,1)|TERRESTRIAL ALBEDO(6,1)|TERRESTRIAL SILVICULTURE(6,1)|TUBULAR BARRIER FLOAT BOOM(6,1)|UNDERSTRUCTURE SUBMERSION(6,1)|UNINTENDED GEOENGINEERING(6,1)|UNSUSTAINABLE BOUNTY(6,1)|WASTE CO2 ENTOMBMENT(6,1)|WAVE MOTION(6,1)|ENCLOSED SURFACE AREA(5,12)|CENTURY(5,5)|SEAWATER(5,5)|GLOBAL DEMAND(5,3)|INORGANIC SPECIES(5,3)|MICA PLATELET(5,3)|VOLATILE MEMORY(5,3)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CREDIT(5,2)|EXPLODED CEMENT(5,2)|FOSSIL FUEL RESERVE(5,2)|INSTRUMENT PACKAGE(5,2)|ORGANIC CHELATOR(5,2)|SUSTAINED RELEASE NUTRIENT(5,2)|VOLUNTARY CARBON(5,2)|ABYSMAL PLAIN(5,1)|ACCELERATE ENTRAPMENT(5,1)|ACCEPTED BENCHMARK(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE(5,1)|BET(5,1)|BONDED CERAMICS FAMILY(5,1)|BUOY OSCILLATION(5,1)|BUOYANT SPAR BUOY(5,1)|CALCAREOUS GROWTH(5,1)|CARBON RICH SEDIMENTARY DEADFALL(5,1)|CLIMATE INTERVENTION STRATEGY(5,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION CERTIFICATE(5,1)|COCCOLITHOPHORID GROWTH(5,1)|CONTINENT BULK(5,1)|CREDIT VALIDATION(5,1)|CRYSTALLINE BUOYANT MATRIX(5,1)|DEFINITE CONCEPTION(5,1)|EASTERN FRINGE(5,1)|ECONOMIC DARWINISM(5,1)|ENSO EVENT PREDICTED(5,1)|ERODIBILITY VIRTUE(5,1)|EXOGENOUS CHELATOR(5,1)|EXTENSIVE EFFORT(5,1)|EXTRUDED MATRIX RIBBON(5,1)|FISHERY BULLETIN(5,1)|FRACTAL ROUGHNESS(5,1)|GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POOL(5,1)|GREEN CERAMIC RIBBON(5,1)|INCIPIENT CRISIS(5,1)|INEVITABLE GREENHOUSE(5,1)|INORGANIC NUTRIENT MIX(5,1)|INVENTORY MANAGEMENT(5,1)|MARINE SILVICULTURE(5,1)|MEANINGFUL INSIGHT(5,1)|METER SRC(5,1)|METHANEDIONE EMISSION(5,1)|METRIC GIGATON(5,1)|MULTILEVEL COMMUNITY(5,1)|NEWSWORTHY UPDATE(5,1)|NONWETTING VOID(5,1)|NOX COLLATERAL PRODUCTION(5,1)|OCEAN BUOY(5,1)|OCEANIC GYRE(5,1)|PELAGIC NURSERY(5,1)|PENDANT FLEXIBLE STRINGER(5,1)|PENDANT STRINGER(5,1)|PHOSPHORUS SUPPLEMENTATION(5,1)|PLANETARY CHALLENGE(5,1)|PLANETARY CRISIS(5,1)|PLANNER MIND(5,1)|POPULATION EXTINCTION(5,1)|POROUS CERAMICS FREEZE CASTING(5,1)|PROSPERITY FINAL BURST(5,1)|RECKLESS BEHAVIOR(5,1)|ROBOTIC STRAINER VACUUM(5,1)|SATELLITE PYROMETRY(5,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON TT(5,1)|SNOW ALBEDO(5,1)|SOCIAL INSTABILITY(5,1)|SPECULAR REFLECTOR(5,1)|STIMULATING BIOMASS(5,1)|SUSTAINED BIOAVAILABILITY(5,1)|TERRESTRIAL REFLECTION MEASUREMENT(5,1)|TRADEABLE INSTRUMENT(5,1)|TRANSIENT SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|TRANSLUCENT PRILL(5,1)|TREMENDOUS DEBATE(5,1)|UNTAPPED RESERVE(5,1)|WIND CONSTANCY(5,1)|WIPER ROTARY MIXER(5,1)|LIGHT REFLECTION(4,8)|DEFORESTATION(4,3)|INORGANIC COMPONENT(4,3)|LEACHING(4,3)|METHANE HYDRATE(4,3)|OCEAN CURRENT(4,3)|PLANAR ARRAY(4,3)|AGGREGATE DENSITY(4,2)|CLAY EXPLOSION(4,2)|CO2 GENERATOR(4,2)|COOLING TREND(4,2)|FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION(4,2)|INORGANIC SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX(4,2)|METHANEDIONE OUTPUT(4,2)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(4,2)|OPEN CELL INTERNAL VOLUME(4,2)|PLANETARY SCALE(4,2)|POLYMERIC SPONGE(4,2)|SUSPENSION CABLE(4,2)|TRACE MINERAL CONSTITUENT(4,2)|TRAILING EDGE(4,2)|VERIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTION(4,2)|ALBEDO CONVERSION(4,1)|ALGAE MIXED POPULATION(4,1)|ANNUAL GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET(4,1)|AQUACULTURAL RESEARCH(4,1)|ARBITRARY FUNCTIONAL BOUNDARY(4,1)|ASSUME POSTURE(4,1)|BARREL HOOP(4,1)|BLUNT PEAK EMISSION(4,1)|BUOY PLATFORM(4,1)|BUOYANT SRC(4,1)|BUSINESS METRIC(4,1)|CARBONATE SPECIES EQUILIBRIUM(4,1)|CEMENT ALKALINITY(4,1)|CEMENT HYDRATION(4,1)|CEMENT PENETRATION(4,1)|CEMENTITIOUS VESSEL(4,1)|CERAMIC POWDER SLURRY(4,1)|CLIMATE MAJOR ENGINE(4,1)|CLOUD CONDENSATION(4,1)|CO2 CERTIFICATE(4,1)|CO2 LIQUEFACTION(4,1)|CO2 TRADER(4,1)|COARSE GEL PELLET(4,1)|CONFIRMATION(4,1)|CONSERVATION EFFORT(4,1)|CRITERIA POLLUTANT ALLOWANCE(4,1)|CRUSHED SCORIA(4,1)|DENSE AGGREGATE(4,1)|DENSE CARBONATE SHELL(4,1)|DEPLOYMENT PHASE(4,1)|DIATOM GROWTH(4,1)|DIOXOTITANIUM GLASS(4,1)|DRACONIAN TASK(4,1)|DRAMATIC CLIMATE FORCING(4,1)|EARTH NOTICEABLE COOLING(4,1)|ERODIBLE RIB(4,1)|FLOATING CURTAIN(4,1)|FLOATING PONTOON(4,1)|FLOATING PUCK(4,1)|FOREST BURNING(4,1)|GARBAGE ACCUMULATION(4,1)|GLOBAL ALBEDO COMPONENT(4,1)|GLOBAL REFLECTIVE COOLING(4,1)|GREENHOUSE INSTALLATION(4,1)|GROSS PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|GROUND DETERIORATION(4,1)|GROUND REFLECTION(4,1)|HETEROTROPHIC SPECIES(4,1)|HOLLOW RIBBED BALL(4,1)|HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION(4,1)|HORTICULTURAL GRADE(4,1)|INCIDENT SUNLIGHT(4,1)|IRON EX EXPEDITION(4,1)|ISLAND SIZED FLOATING PLATFORM(4,1)|ISSUING INSTRUCTION(4,1)|LIGNIN CHELATE(4,1)|LIQUID FERTILIZER SHIPBOARD PUMPING(4,1)|MARINE SEWAGE(4,1)|MARKET PREMIUM(4,1)|MATRIX FERTILIZATION(4,1)|MAXIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY(4,1)|MELTING PERMAFROST(4,1)|METHANEDIONE CURRENT ANTHROPOGENIC RELEASE(4,1)|MIRACLE GRO PRODUCT(4,1)|MODIFIED STONEWARE CLAY(4,1)|MONOVALENT ANION(4,1)|NANOPLANKTON SIZED AUTOTROPH(4,1)|NET EARNINGS SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|NET SUM MARKET(4,1)|NUTRIENT FORMULATION(4,1)|OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH(4,1)|OLIVINE CRYSTAL(4,1)|PACIFIC EQUATORIAL BELT(4,1)|PARTICLE SEDIMENT(4,1)|PASSIVE BUOY(4,1)|PEANUT HULL(4,1)|PETRI DISH(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON POOR(4,1)|POLAR SOUTHERN OCEAN(4,1)|POROUS MINERALINE SUBSTRATE(4,1)|POSE CONSIDERABLE RISK(4,1)|REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENT(4,1)|RETROREFLECTIVE SUBSTRATE(4,1)|RIGID CELLULAR GRID(4,1)|RIGOROUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW(4,1)|SHOT CRETE(4,1)|SIMULTANEOUS CATASTROPHIC FAILURE DANGER(4,1)|SOCIO ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT(4,1)|SOIL HUMUS(4,1)|SOREL CEMENT(4,1)|SORT STIRRED VESSEL(4,1)|STORM SURGE(4,1)|SUBTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE(4,1)|SUSPENDED PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION(4,1)|SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE(4,1)|TABLET DISSOLUTION(4,1)|TOROID FLOAT(4,1)|TRADABLE CO2(4,1)|UNACCEPTABLE HAZARD(4,1)|VERMICULITE COMPOSITE(4,1)|WASTE CONVERGENCE(4,1)|WHEAT CHAFF(4,1)|WHITE VINYL ROOFING(4,1)|SILICIC ACID(3,5)|BORATE(3,4)|CARBONYLDIAMIDE(3,4)|FURNACE(3,3)|SOLAR PANEL INSTALLER(3,3)|AERATION(3,2)|AGRICULTURE(3,2)|ANOXIA(3,2)|BARNACLE(3,2)|BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY(3,2)|BIOREMEDIATION(3,2)|BLOWGA(3,2)|BORDER(3,2)|CALM WATER(3,2)|CARTOON(3,2)|CO2 EQUIVALENT(3,2)|COBALT NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE(3,2)|COMMODITIES MARKET(3,2)|CROPLAND(3,2)|CULLET(3,2)|ECONOMIC COLLAPSE(3,2)|EUROPEAN UNION ALLOWANCE(3,2)|FECAL PELLET(3,2)|FEEDSTOCK(3,2)|FENESTRATION(3,2)|GANTRYWAY(3,2)|GAS BUBBLE INTRODUCTION(3,2)|GLOBAL MEAN TEMPERATURE(3,2)|GRINDING(3,2)|HOLLOW TUBE(3,2)|INCREASED ALBEDO(3,2)|INFRAROMETRY(3,2)|IRON FERTILIZATION(3,2)|LEADING EDGE(3,2)|LITHIFICATION(3,2)|MORTAR(3,2)|OUTRIGGER(3,2)|PROCESSING MODULE(3,2)|PRODUCT EXTRUSION(3,2)|RUNAWAY(3,2)|SINTERING(3,2)|SUPERCRITICAL CO2(3,2)|TRANSACTION(3,2)|TRILLION(3,2)|WAVE ENERGY DIFFUSION(3,2)|WEAPON(3,2)|ACCELERATED TECTONIC PLATE SLIPPAGE(3,1)|ADJUSTABLE YOKE(3,1)|ALABASTER GLASS(3,1)|ALCOHOL BATH(3,1)|ALKALINE CARBONATE(3,1)|ALLOWING CARBON(3,1)|AMELIORATIVE ACTION(3,1)|ANCHOR CABLE(3,1)|ANNULAR PONTOON(3,1)|ATMOSPHERIC SPECIES(3,1)|AVAILABLE EXSOLATIVE CREDIT(3,1)|BIOMASS ENERGY CAPTURE(3,1)|BLUE GREEN IRON GRANULE(3,1)|BOUNDARY FUNCTION(3,1)|BRITTLE SOLID(3,1)|BUOY MODEL(3,1)|BUOYANT CORE(3,1)|CABLE SUSPENSION(3,1)|CARBON POOL(3,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION CERTIFICATION(3,1)|CELL AGGREGATE(3,1)|CENTRAL WARM POOL(3,1)|CERAMIC GREEN(3,1)|CERAMIC MATRIX(3,1)|CITED PAPER(3,1)|CLOUD FORMATION(3,1)|CO2 ATMOSPHERE(3,1)|CO2 EMISSION CREDIT(3,1)|CO2 EMISSION PERMIT(3,1)|CO2 EMITTER(3,1)|CO2 EXCESS(3,1)|CO2 REGULATOR(3,1)|CO2 RELEASE MAGNITUDE(3,1)|COLLAR YOKE(3,1)|COMMODITY REQUEST INFORMATION(3,1)|COMPLEX FLOAT(3,1)|COMPLEX FOOD CHAIN ESTABLISHMENT(3,1)|COMPLEX MULTILEVEL TROPHIC LAYER(3,1)|COMPOSITION LB(3,1)|COPPER NITRATE HEMIPENTAHYDRATE(3,1)|CORRELATION INDEX(3,1)|CORUNDUM FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLE(3,1)|CRITICAL THRESHOLD(3,1)|CUMULATIVE TOTAL DISPLACEMENT(3,1)|DARK BOTTOMED TANK(3,1)|DEEP SEA LAKE(3,1)|DEMOCRATIC VALUE GLOBAL COLLAPSE(3,1)|DESERTIFICATION(3,1)|DETECTABLE GLOBAL COOLING(3,1)|DICHLORONICKEL(3,1)|DIRECTLY INCREASING SURFACE ALBEDO(3,1)|DISPLAYING ASK PRICE(3,1)|EARTH DISC(3,1)|ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION(3,1)|EL NINO YEAR(3,1)|ELEMENTAL IRON(3,1)|EMBEDDED INSTRUCTION(3,1)|EMBEDDED IRON FILING(3,1)|EMBEDDED WIRE BARREL(3,1)|ENGINEERING PLANETARY TEMPERATURE(3,1)|ENORMOUS ENERGY CROP(3,1)|ENRICHED URANIUM(3,1)|EQUIVALENT CERTIFICATE(3,1)|EQUIVALENT METHANEDIONE(3,1)|EXOGENOUS PARTICLE(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL CONVENIENCE(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL FRAMEWORK(3,1)|EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETER(3,1)|EXPLODED PORCELAIN(3,1)|EXPLODED VOID(3,1)|EXSOLATION RATIO(3,1)|FEMALE MOLD(3,1)|FIBER REINFORCED PVC(3,1)|FINE MESH PLANKTON NET(3,1)|FISH ASSOCIATION(3,1)|FLOATING MATRIX(3,1)|FLOATING PERLITE FILL FACTOR(3,1)|FUNDING DEVELOPMENT(3,1)|FUTURE ATMOSPHERIC CO2(3,1)|GASEOUS VOID(3,1)|GLACIAL INTERGLACIAL CO2 CHANGE(3,1)|GLASS BUBBLE(3,1)|GLASS COLLET(3,1)|GLASS SOLUBLE CONTAMINANT(3,1)|GLOBAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY(3,1)|GLOBAL HEATING BALANCE(3,1)|GLOBAL SCALE(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING HARD SCIENCE(3,1)|GLOBAL WARMING PROJECTION(3,1)|HARD DECISION(3,1)|HARVEST ABLE FISH(3,1)|HARVEST ABLE SPECIES PRODUCTION(3,1)|HENRY CONSTANT(3,1)|HEXAGONAL ARRAY(3,1)|HEXAGONAL CELL(3,1)|HOLLOW GLASS MICROSPHERE(3,1)|HOLLOW MICROSPHERE MANUFACTURE(3,1)|HORIZONTAL PARTITION(3,1)|HYDRATED CALCIUM SILICATE(3,1)|IMMEDIATE DECREASE(3,1)|INCIDENT RADIATION(3,1)|INCIDENTAL HEAT POLLUTION(3,1)|INCREASED OCEANIC ALBEDO(3,1)|INDIGESTIBLE MATTER(3,1)|INELASTIC TENSION(3,1)|INFRARED RADIATION DEAL(3,1)|INORGANIC ALGAL GROWTH MEDIUM(3,1)|INORGANIC GAS PRECURSOR(3,1)|INORGANIC IRON(3,1)|INORGANIC MATRIX(3,1)|IRON AVAILABILITY(3,1)|IRON FILING SEDIMENTATION(3,1)|JAPANESE FISHERMAN(3,1)|JOHN MARTIN(3,1)|LARGE CENTRIC DIATOM BLOOM(3,1)|LESSENED CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|LIGHT(3,1)|LIME ALUMINA(3,1)|LINKED OPERATIVE COMMUNICATION(3,1)|LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY(3,1)|MACROSCOPIC FECAL MATTER(3,1)|MANAGING TRANSFER(3,1)|MARINE SEDIMENT SEPARATION(3,1)|MARTIN PAPER(3,1)|MASSIVE SCALE(3,1)|MAXIMAL BENEFIT(3,1)|MEANINGFUL NET REDUCTION(3,1)|MEASURABLE DECREASE(3,1)|MEASURING NUTRIENT(3,1)|MELTING ARCTIC ICE CAP(3,1)|METALLIC REFLECTOR(3,1)|METHANE DECREASED PRODUCTION(3,1)|METHANEDIONE EQUIVALENT CARBON(3,1)|MICA EXPLOSION(3,1)|MINERAL FORMULATION(3,1)|MINIMUM WATERLINE(3,1)|MOIST MINERAL(3,1)|NATIVE AMERICAN(3,1)|NESTED CABLE(3,1)|NESTED TUBE(3,1)|NET AGGREGATE(3,1)|NET PLANETARY HEAT GAIN(3,1)|NET POSITIVE BUOYANCY(3,1)|NET SHEET(3,1)|NEUTRAL PH(3,1)|NICHE LEVEL COMPLEXITY(3,1)|NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISM(3,1)|NURSERY SPACE(3,1)|OCEAN DEPTH(3,1)|OCEAN PH(3,1)|OCEAN SQUARE KILOMETER(3,1)|OCEAN SQUARE MILE(3,1)|OCEANIC HABITAT(3,1)|OPACIFICATION(3,1)|ORDINARY GLASS MICROSPHERE(3,1)|OXOMANGANESE(3,1)|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY(3,1)|PARTICLE REFLECTION(3,1)|PARTICULATE PLASTIC(3,1)|PEAK TROUGH AMPLITUDE(3,1)|PELAGIC FOOD WEB(3,1)|PERCEPTIBLE GLOBAL COOLING(3,1)|PERIODIC CABLE REPLACEMENT(3,1)|PERLITE GLASS(3,1)|PHOTODIODE DETECTOR(3,1)|PHOTONIC SUM(3,1)|PHOTOSYSTEM II ACTIVATION(3,1)|PLANET BLACKBODY TEMPERATURE(3,1)|PLASTIC PRECURSOR(3,1)|POLLUTION COST(3,1)|PONTOON CENTER(3,1)|POROUS COAT(3,1)|PORTABLE LABORATORY(3,1)|PREINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LEVEL(3,1)|PRELIMINARY EVALUATION(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER GRAZER(3,1)|PRIMARY PRODUCER POPULATION(3,1)|PROBABLE NET(3,1)|PROKARYOTE(3,1)|PUCK DENSITY(3,1)|QUICK FIX(3,1)|RADIATION INCIDENT(3,1)|RADIATION REFLECTION(3,1)|READ WRITABLE DATABASE(3,1)|RECEPTION MANAGEMENT(3,1)|RELENTLESS RISE(3,1)|REMOVEABLE MANDREL(3,1)|RESISTED PITCH(3,1)|RESOURCE ALLOCATION INCIDENTAL COST(3,1)|RETAINING BARRIER(3,1)|RETAINING POSITIVE BUOYANCY(3,1)|REVERSE ACIDIFICATION(3,1)|REVERSE GLOBAL WARMING(3,1)|RIGID TOROID(3,1)|RING BOOM(3,1)|RING PONTOON(3,1)|ROUGH SEA(3,1)|SAMPLING GRID(3,1)|SATISFACTORY CRITERION(3,1)|SCALE PLUME(3,1)|SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE(3,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(3,1)|SEDIMENT PRODUCTION ASSUMPTION(3,1)|SELF PROPELLED VESSEL(3,1)|SEMI PERMANENT MOORING(3,1)|SHAPED SILICEOUS INGOT(3,1)|SHARP UPTURN(3,1)|SILICA DIOXIDE(3,1)|SILICA GLASS FORMULATION(3,1)|SILICA POWDER(3,1)|SILICA SAND(3,1)|SILICATE MATRIX(3,1)|SILICEOUS GROWTH(3,1)|SILVICULTURE PRACTICE(3,1)|SLOW RELEASE MINERALINE(3,1)|SODA LIME SILICA(3,1)|SOL GEL PRECURSOR(3,1)|SOLAR PANEL PERIODIC REPLACEMENT(3,1)|SOLUBILIZED IRON(3,1)|SPHERICAL FLOAT(3,1)|SPRAY FOAM INSULATION(3,1)|STABLE PLATFORM(3,1)|STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK(3,1)|SUB TERRESTRIAL STRATA(3,1)|SUNLIGHT COLUMN(3,1)|SUPERCRITICAL SOLVENT(3,1)|SURPASSED NEW INVESTMENT(3,1)|SUSPENDED NET(3,1)|SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ECONOMY(3,1)|SUSTAINED RELEASE KINETICS(3,1)|SWELL PASSAGE(3,1)|SYNERGIC(3,1)|TEMPORARY RELIEF(3,1)|TERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|TERRESTRIAL SOLAR RADIATION(3,1)|THRASHING FERTILIZATION(3,1)|TIMED RELEASE MATRIX(3,1)|TOROID FRAME(3,1)|TOTAL ATMOSPHERIC POOL(3,1)|TOTAL URBAN LANDSCAPE(3,1)|TRADING CARBON CREDIT(3,1)|TRIPLE NOZZLE(3,1)|TT CO2(3,1)|US FOB(3,1)|USEFUL FINANCIAL TOOL(3,1)|VALIDATED FLUX RATE(3,1)|VIOLET BLUE LASER(3,1)|WAVE DIFFUSER(3,1)|WEATHER ABILITY(3,1)|WEST ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET(3,1)|WEST TRACK(3,1)|WET CEMENT PRECURSOR(3,1)|BIOLOGICAL PUMP(2,3)|MIDDLE LAYER(2,3)|MOLE(2,3)|NUCLEAR POWER PLANT(2,3)|PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(2,3)|PUMICE(2,3)|ENCLOSURE(2,2)|POROSITY(2,2)|REFLECTION COEFFICIENT(2,2)|ACCIDENT(2,1)|ACCOUNTING(2,1)|ACCUMULATED WEIGHT(2,1)|ACTINIDE(2,1)|AGGLOMERATE(2,1)|AGGREGATE REDUCING REFLECTED HEAT(2,1)|AIR FORCED INJECTION(2,1)|AIR KRETE(2,1)|ALTITUDE(2,1)|ALUMINUM WELDING(2,1)|AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE(2,1)|APPROXIMATION(2,1)|AQUACULTURE(2,1)|AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|ARABLE LAND(2,1)|ARTIFICE(2,1)|ASSERTION(2,1)|ASTONISHMENT(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE GREENHOUSE GAS(2,1)|AUTOCLAVE(2,1)|BANKING CRISIS(2,1)|BARBER(2,1)|BENTHO(2,1)|BIODENSITY(2,1)|BIOUPTAKE(2,1)|CALCULATED DISPLACEMENT VOLUME(2,1)|CARBON TRANSFER(2,1)|CARBONATE SOURCE(2,1)|CENOSPHERE(2,1)|CENTRAL SPAR BUOY(2,1)|CENTRAL STEM(2,1)|CILIATE(2,1)|CLEAR HARD GEL MATRIX(2,1)|CLIMATOLOGY(2,1)|CLUMP(2,1)|CO2 SEQUESTRATION PRODUCTION(2,1)|COAL GASIFICATION(2,1)|COLONIZATION(2,1)|COMMITTING CHANGE(2,1)|COMMODITY MARKET(2,1)|COMMUNICATION MODULE(2,1)|COMMUNICATION PORT(2,1)|COMPOUNDING(2,1)|CONFIDENCE(2,1)|CONSENSUS(2,1)|COOLING BALANCE(2,1)|COOPERATIVE(2,1)|COPEPOD(2,1)|CORRECTIVE(2,1)|CULTIVATION(2,1)|CURRENCY(2,1)|DAMPENER(2,1)|DATAPORT(2,1)|DECEASE(2,1)|DECLINE(2,1)|DECOMPOSITION(2,1)|DECREASE OBSERVATION(2,1)|DEMILITARIZED ZONE(2,1)|DEPTH MARK(2,1)|DOLLAR(2,1)| | (US8882552)|What is claimed is:|1. An apparatus for validating continuous sequestration of carbon below the 100-Year Horizon of an ocean and issuing a monetizable or tradeable carbon sequestration certificate having a denomination based on the mass of carbon sequestered therebelow, which comprises:| a) a spar buoy or network of spar buoys disposed on the surface of an open ocean, each spar buoy comprising a vertically elongate hollow body having a top end with superstructure and a bottom end with ballast mass, said hollow body having an upper fixed displacement volume (V1) and a lower variable displacement volume (V2);| b) a horizontally disposed spaceframe immersedly suspended from said spar buoy or network of spar buoys;| c) an immersed analytical apparatus mounted on said spaceframe for measuring sedimentary deadfall as an index of flux of sequestered carbon descending below the 100-Year Horizon of said ocean;| d) a surface boom for enclosing a surface area of said ocean associated with said spar buoy or network of spar buoys;| e) a pump mounted in said spar buoy, said pump having a fluidic connection for drawing nutrient-rich water from below the photic zone of an ocean and discharging said nutrient-rich water from said top end onto or proximate to the surface thereof; and,| f) a computer-implemented system operatively connected to said analytical apparatus and configured for integrating and reporting electronically a flux of sequestered carbon descending below the 100-Year Horizon per unit time or issuing one or more monetizable or tradable carbon sequestration certificates, wherein each certificate has a denomination equivalent to a validated amount of sequestered carbon as CO2 in the sedimentary deadfall descended from said enclosed surface area to below the 100-Year Horizon of said ocean.|2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a habitat-forming composition buoyantly disposed within a surface area defined by said spar buoy or network of spar buoys, said habitat for increasing the size and complexity of trophic levels associated therewith.|3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said composition comprises a slow release formulation efficacious in promoting the sedimentation of fixed CO2.|4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the slow-release formulation comprises a silicate or a calcite.|5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said pump is powered by renewable energy.|6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second pump for adjusting said lower variable displacement volume (V2), whereby said top end is enabled to be submerged so as to withstand high waves.|7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a data processing and communications system for registering or trading said carbon sequestration certificates in a market or through a broker, which comprises at least one computer of a network, said computer comprising one or more processors, at least one volatile memory with database, said database containing records, wherein said records include an inventory of certificates that have been registered and are available for trading and their denomination, and at least one non-volatile read-only memory containing computer readable code embodied therein for causing said computer to execute a program module comprising registering and inventorying said certificates and executing or assisting in execution of trades in said certificates.|8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising at least one interactive display for displaying an inventory or a record of a trade.|9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the system is configured for recording ask and bid prices, recording trades, and processing payments and credits.|10. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a weather monitor instrumentation module and a radio module for reporting local marine conditions.|11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said superstructure comprises a pelagic aquaculture workstation.|12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said network of spar buoys comprises a planar array, hexagonal array, or an annular array of spar buoys.|13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said spar buoy or network of spar buoys are submersibly anchored to one or more retractable cables attached to the seafloor, and said spar buoy or network of spar buoys has a waterline enabled to be configured with pumps and winches.|14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said apparatus is not anchored and is retained in an ocean gyre by the passive circulation of currents.|15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said composition dispersed in said enclosed surface area is formulated to accelerate bioremediation of plastic waste in said gyre.|16. A method comprising:| a) floating an apparatus of claim 2 in an ocean, whereby a surface area of said ocean is defined;| b) pumping nutrient-rich water from below the photic zone of the ocean through said spar buoy and discharging said nutrient-rich water onto or proximate to the surface of the ocean;| c) dispersing said composition in said defined surface area;| d) measuring sedimentary deadfall data as an index of sequestered carbon flux descending from said enclosed surface area to below the 100-Year Horizon of said ocean; and,| e) integrating sequestered carbon flux descending below the 100-Year Horizon per unit time from said surface area and issuing one or more monetizable or tradable carbon sequestration certificates, wherein each certificate has a denomination equivalent to a validated amount of sequestered carbon as CO2 in the sedimentary deadfall descended from said surface area to below the 100-Year Horizon.|17. The method of claim 16, further comprising harvesting a sustainable yield of a higher trophic level biomass from said surface area of said ocean associated with said spar buoy or network of spar buoys.|18. The method of claim 16, wherein the carbon sequestration certificate comprises a CO2 emission certificate, a CO2 emission permit, a CO2 emission credit, a carbon offset, carbon allowance, a criteria pollutant allowance, a Verified Emissions Reductions unit (VER), a Carbon Financial Instrument (CFI), a European Union Allowance (EUA), a Certified Emission Reduction unit (CER), an Emission Reduction Unit (ERU), a Voluntary Carbon Unit, a greenhouse gas emission credit, a carbon offset, or a tipping fee.|19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the computer-implemented system is configured to generate a certificate comprising a CO2 emission certificate, a CO2 emission permit, a CO2 emission credit, a carbon offset, carbon allowance, a criteria pollutant allowance, a Verified Emissions Reductions unit (VER), a Carbon Financial Instrument (CFI), a European Union Allowance (EUA), a Certified Emission Reduction unit (CER), an Emission Reduction Unit (ERU), a Voluntary Carbon Unit, a greenhouse gas emission credit, a carbon offset, or a tipping fee. | (US8882552)|CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED PATENT DOCUMENTS|[0001] This application is a continuation in part, and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 120, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/225,885, filed on 6 Sep. 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,535,107, which is a continuation-in-part claiming the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/463,409 filed on May 10, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,033,879, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 12/404,691 filed on Mar. 16, 2009, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part claiming benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/345,661 filed Dec. 29, 2008, now abandoned, which is a non-provisional application claiming benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/009,414, filed Dec. 29, 2007; all said priority documents are incorporated herein in entirety by reference.|(US8882552)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0002] Embodiments of the invention as disclosed here relate to apparatus and methods for increasing marine productivity and marine deep ocean carbon sequestration. Also described are carbon sequestration certificates based on validated removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by an enhanced biological pump.|INTRODUCTION|[0003] Solar radiation striking the Earth's disk is in equilibrium with energy re-radiated as reflected light or as heat at longer wavelengths. The atmosphere traps a great deal of infrared radiation, warming the surface significantly above the black body temperature of the planet, which is a chilly −20° C. However, there can be too much of a good thing. As a result of accumulation of greenhouse gases, we have now entered a period of excess warming. Reversing global warming requires re-adjusting the greenhouse gas composition of the atmosphere—and/or also proportionately removing energy from the planetary heat engine—until the current sharp upturn in global surface temperature is brought to a halt.|[0004] The atmosphere is bidirectionally transparent to light in certain ranges of wavelengths. These ranges are known of as “atmospheric windows”. Reflected light is thus one means to remove incoming solar energy from the planetary heat balance. Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of the planetary surface, and can be measured with satellite-mounted pyrometers. Changes in albedo result in very large scale net changes in the heat energy balance of the planet, and over short time frames. For example, IPCC models are now incorporating the area of solar panel installation worldwide—as an added heat source—into the assumptions for projected global warming, because conventional solar panels have very low albedo and re-radiate about 90% of incident light energy as black body radiation that is trapped by the atmosphere. Decreases in albedo are associated with planetary warming.|[0005] Conversely, increases in planetary albedo are expected to result in global cooling. Deliberate reconfiguration of planetary albedo is not without possible benefit, as evidenced by proposals under the aegis of the National Academy of Sciences to seed the high stratosphere with reflective particles.|[0006] A second means to alter planetary warming is to modify the gas composition. Adding greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide increase global mean temperatures; removing or sequestering them will result in global cooling, ideally to the Goldilocks temperature most conducive to life as we know it.|[0007] The problem is how to achieve a maximal benefit without causing harm. The work here begins with the question as to whether there is merit in “down to earth” geoengineering works to modify albedo and/or carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, and whether this can be done both economically (socio-ecological benefits exceeding direct and incidental costs of resource allocation) and safely. The answer is “yes” on both counts, as will be apparent on consideration of the following.|BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM|[0008] Direct climate intervention strategies on Earth (geoengineering, or more colloquially “terraforming”) have not generally been viewed as a benefit, but more as a hazard. In light of current trends in climatology, it may be necessary to rethink these reservations. For starters, unintended geoengineering is well underway on a massive scale, and there is convincing evidence of anthropogenic causality for climate change. Current anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and cement production is about 7 GtC/yr (7 metric gigatons as carbon) annually and may reach 12 GtC/yr by 2050, with probable net doubling of atmospheric CO2 in the lifetime of our children. This inadvertent geoengineering was inevitable given the greenhouse forcing we have caused by fossil fuel combustion, and the only subject of debate (FIG. 1) is the intensity of its future impact. Among the complications we are seeing today: overpopulation, violence, economic collapse, poverty, deforestation and desertification.|[0009] The scale of the problem is difficult to grasp. Future atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the year 2100 are projected by the IPCC to be in the range of 540 to 970 ppm, compared to only 370 ppm in the year 2000, 400 ppm in the year 2013, and less than 280 ppm before the industrial revolution. Perhaps more impressive than concentration are the pool sizes themselves. Current atmospheric total CO2 is about 750 GtCO2 as mass, a doubling of the 360 GtCO2 in the atmosphere less than 200 years ago.|[0010] Also of interest are the current flux rates. Fossil fuel export to the atmosphere is more than 6 GtC per year at present and is increasing sharply. Of this, about net 2 GtC is being absorbed in the oceans annually (about 30% of the carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion). Since 1800, the ocean has absorbed about 135 GtC carbon dioxide; and has become correspondingly more acidic. Interestingly, higher rates of increase in atmospheric CO2 tend to occur in El Niño years, as would be consistent with a Henry's Constant effect on the atmospheric/marine solubilized carbonate species equilibrium. Currently, the pool size of inorganic carbon in the mesopelagic water column is about 5.4 GtC, ensuring that atmospheric CO2 will continue to rise for centuries, even if fossil fuel combustion is stopped tomorrow.|[0011] In addition, there is a high risk of positive feedback, the so-called “runaway” greenhouse effect. Total CO2 pools incipiently releasable into the atmosphere (from long term sequestered stores in permafrost and methane hydrate deposits) as carbon are measurable in Teratons (i.e. exceeding 1012 tons as carbon). Because these pools are orders of magnitude larger than the existing total atmospheric pool, it should be clear that activities that could cause their release into the atmosphere are likely to result in mass extinctions at all levels of the food chain. The trigger for melting permafrost and release of methane hydrate pools held in place by the ice caps may have already been pulled, but in light of the magnitude of the potential CO2 release, it seems eminently sensible to act quickly to attempt to quickly reverse our present course.|[0012] Yes, we are responsible for these transformations. Total human energy use is measurable in exaJoules (and is about 1000 EJ or 1021 J annually). Of that, about 40% (400 EJ) is currently derived from fossil fuel consumption. Conceptually, a burning candle can be imagined as equivalent to 0.8 J/s, so that the rate of human energy consumption is equivalent to perhaps 50 trillion candles burning simultaneously, or 6,000 candles for every person on the planet, all burning around the clock. More conventionally, the number is about 10-20 MWhr/capita in developed countries, or potentially 1-2 x 1010 MWhr for the global population, assuming a peak population of 9 or 10 billion and a “Western” standard of living. Notwithstanding the population overshoot, clearly the practice of burning anything to meet this kind of energy load is unsustainable, and perhaps the standard of living itself is unsustainable given the population base. Geoengineering is not a small thing to have done by accident, and it will not be a small thing to undo.|[0013] Therefore, there is an urgent need to re-engineer the planetary economy, both by restructuring industry, feedstocks, carbon footprints, and the like, but also by ameliorating ongoing damage to our shared “commons”, the atmosphere and the oceans. This constitutes remedial terraforming, but here is termed “rational geoengineering” to better differentiate the science from the science fiction.|[0014] Rational approaches to geoengineering can be divided into two categories: biological and physical. Among the biological approaches are: carbon sequestration by marine fertilization and terrestrial or marine silviculture. Among the physical approaches are: injection of microparticulate reflectors into the stratosphere (as per the “Pinatubo Effect”); extraterrestrial solar parasols; carbon dioxide storage in geological formations (generally as carbonates); carbon dioxide storage in deep sea lakes (as liquified CO2), and the like. The scale of any such project can be judged by comparison with more conventional alternatives: for example, an immediate roll-out of 6,700 new nuclear power plants (assuming 6.8 GWhr per plant, sufficient enriched uranium, and no waste in electrical distribution) would be required to zero out power consumption derived from fossil fuel alone (fossil fuel consumption is currently about 400 EJ or 4.6 x 107 GWHr annually and rising). At current cost of US$ 10B/plant, construction of an adequate number of nuclear power plants would amount to US$ 65 Trillion in present dollars and would take decades. Currently, less than 500 nuclear power plants are installed worldwide.|[0015] There are alternatives. Solar power is dependent on solar insolation, an essentially free energy source which averages out to about 160 W/m2 (160 J/s/m2) over the surface of the planet. Again taking 400 EJ as the target, replacing today's fossil fuel combustion with photovoltaic cells operating at 10% efficiency would require a solar panel array (or combined equivalent) the size of Venezuela, more than 400,000 km2 if placed equatorially. Also a factor is the heat required for manufacture, such as by the Czochralski process, and periodic replacement of solar panels, capacity for which is practically nonexistent considering the scale. Current solar cell designs radiate heat as black bodies, emitting a great deal of waste heat, so that on the scale envisaged, heat emission from the required surface area of solar cells is likely to reach 2000 EJ annually (assuming 50% conversion to “new” heat), five times the current heat generated from fossil fuel combustion! Like water, conventional solar cells have the albedo of black asphalt. Taking solar insolation at the terrestrial surface as about 45 PW, the incidental heat pollution of the solar panels would be 4% of the overall global surface heat budget. Net flux of heat IN will exceed net heat OUT until a new global surface temperature at equilibrium is reached. The effect would be analogous to removing the high-albedo icesheet from Greenland and replacing it with a low-albedo asphalt surface, but positioned equatorially.|[0016] Measurements in support of a dramatic climate forcing by terrestrial albedo are readily found. In a widely cited paper by Palle (2004, Science 304:1299-1301), an observed decrease in global albedo of 0.02 was associated with an increased global heat budget of 6.8 W/m2, a highly significant increase climatologically. Much of the decrease in global albedo is the result of anthropogenic changes in land use, vegetation, burning of forests, and deposition of soot upon snow. Installation of solar panels has been added to that list.|[0017] Currently, installed wind power on line is about 157 Million MWHr or 0.34% of global demand. The Picken's plan in Texas would add 4,000 MWHr to this total, a rather small amount expected to cost $10 billion. Within a few decades, because of the constancy of wind in Patagonia, more than 1.3 Trillion MWHr per year could be installed, or about 3.2% of global demand. But these areas of sustained strong wind are unusual and the estimates do not factor power losses through an electrical distribution grid or losses in a conversion process to liquid fuel for export.|[0018] Arable land required for biomass energy capture and conversion is estimated at anywhere from 13,700 to 32,000 km2/EJ. To capture the equivalent of 400 EJ, perhaps 8 x 106 km2 must be converted to cropland, an area the size of Australia, or about 5% of the earth's land mass. This does not factor in the overhead energy costs of farming, which should perhaps double the area needed. Currently, about 1.3 x 106 km2 is under cultivation in the US for food crops. So again, the undertaking is beyond enormous—energy crops cannot simply replace food crops worldwide without major sociopolitical consequences. The irreplaceable and unsustainable bounty of readily available fossil fuels simply cannot be overstated.|[0019] Population extinction by economic pressure has also been considered as a solution to the climate dilemma we face, but the social dislocations of such a program pose considerable risks to those who would execute it, no matter what walls are constructed. In an article titled, “Guns beat Green”, writer Naomi Kline, writing in the December 2007 The Nation, shows that market investments favoring a fortress mentality, private security for the wealthy and weapons at the borders, surpassed new investments in sustainable energy technologies. Weapons and security technologies received 6 Billion $US in venture capital in 2007 whereas green technologies received only 4.3 Billion, and the gap has been widening. Peak oil is on the near horizon, consumers are increasingly turning to natural gas, and the consensus in the stock market seems to be that those with the guns will consume the last gallon of gasoline, the last cubic foot of natural gas, and the last bucket of coal! Clearly the betting money is on economic Darwinism to solve the problem of climate change. But can we truly sustain a Maginot Line or Demilitarized Zone in the face of new and greater waves of hungry illegal immigrants at our borders? Can we fortify our communities and not be impacted by a worldwide collapse of democratic values, commodities, currencies, and access to markets such as we are now seeing?|[0020] Clearly, no single program is feasible at the scale required. Conservation efforts, for example business metrics based on “carbon footprint”, are laudible but not yet up to the Draconian task required to eliminate 400 EJ from the annual global energy budget. Although comforting, and in the short term profitable to some, recent innovations in carbon trading are far from meaningful net reductions, and are in fact a sort of shell game that in all likelihood attempts to obfuscate the scope of the problem in the name of corporate public relations.|[0021] Alternatives to the handling of fossil fuels have also been proposed. What is euphemistically termed “clean coal” technology, for example, proposes to inject by-product CO2 from coal gasification or power production into sub-terrestrial strata such as depleted oil fields. While this sounds attractive, the changes in albedo and atmospheric CO2 resulting from use of coal are more likely than not to result in a net planetary heat gain and is unsustainable.|[0022] Finally, business as usual is clearly not an option, such a course posing unacceptable hazards and burdens for future generations. Part of the problem relates to the reluctance of human societies to put a value on the commons, for example a tax or “debit” for use of the atmosphere as a “sink” for CO2 (and heat) generated by an industrial process. Heat can also be considered a waste, and while it may be convenient for the polluter to dump it into the atmosphere or an ocean, there may be a social cost or lost benefit not currently taken into account in our economic balance sheets. Exacting payment for heat disposal would be difficult however, excepting contracting to a Maxwell's Demon, unless there was a way to actively transport net heat from the planet and “credits” for that ameliorative process could be issued and traded. As discussed here, such a system is not impossible, but requires engineering deliberate increases in terrestrial albedo, and in the short term, reductions in atmospheric CO2.|[0023] Can/will the greenhouse effect be slowed down? FIG. 1 suggests the current trend in global mean temperature, which is tied closely to CO2 release into the atmosphere. Note that 2100 does not bring a plateau in the relentless rise in global mean temperature that started in the late 20th century, and we are again forced to ask whether our lifestyle presages retreat of temperate climate zones poleward, deforestation by fire and insect population explosions, and mass extinctions.|[0024] In addition to combustion of fossil fuels, other sources of greenhouse gases must be considered. Pre-industrially, deforestation accounted for about 75% of the total annual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, but is now only about 20%, having been swamped by rising fossil fuel combustion. Globally, the four activities responsible for most CO2 emissions are: 1) fossil fuel combustion, 2) deforestation, 3) agriculture and 4) manufacture of Portland cement.|[0025] Conversion of native ecosystems to cropland or pasture continues to be associated with both soil deterioration and release from soil humus of up to perhaps 1.5 Tt of sequestered carbon, an ongoing process. Remaining fossil fuel reserves, importantly including coal, are estimated at over 5 Tt C (18 Tt CO2), and most of this is being developed or evaluated for “exploitation”, perhaps understandably given the market premium placed on the value of gasoline, which is only likely to rise. Not surprisingly then, use of fossil fuel reserves seems to be accelerating. Psychology is a critical factor confounding the hard science of global warming, and there will be a need for temporary relief, a cooling off period, so that the reality of the situation can be fully assimilated and a sober commitment to a sustainable future can be engendered.|[0026] There had been an expectation for some time that a negative feedback mechanism in global climate would emerge, a sort of “Gaia-effect”, perhaps in the form of increased oceanic albedo through cloud condensation nucleii as proposed by Robert Charlson of the University of Washington in 1987 (Nature 326:655-61). However, we can also expect the opposite—positive feedback effects. One such example is found in the expected effects of a meltdown of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Accounting for the rebound of the Earth's crust following relief from the weight of the ice sheet, and resulting shift in polar axis of rotation, the predicted 5 m sea level rise is expected to be even higher, perhaps 6.3 m, in the northern hemisphere, where the bulk of the continents are located (Mitrovica, J X et al. 2009. The sea level fingerprint of West Antarctic collapse. Science 323:753). Increased ocean surface area resulting from continental flooding can be expected to dramatically reduce global albedo over large areas, in aggregate reducing reflected heat and increasing the temperature “set point” of the planet. A similar positive-feedback potential of carbon release from permafrost and methane hydrates (pool size >1 TtC) has already been mentioned. No deux-ex-machina to cool the planet can be relied on; it appears we are on our own.|[0027] Divine intervention aside, an exponential reverse J-curve in economic activity and population is the more likely negative feedback we can expect in the short term. Deceases in human activity have been associated with periods of relief. For example, changes in agriculture and silviculture practice across northern Asia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union resulted in measurable decreases in radiative forcing due to greenhouse gas heating (i.e., decreases in livestock husbandry resulting in decreased production of methane) and increases in forest carbon dioxide sinks (by decreases in timber harvesting). Ruddiman has proposed a related argument associating cooling trends observed following first contact of Europeans and Native Americans. Similarly, slowing of global economic activity due to the 2008-2013 banking crisis will likely be shown to have reduced carbon dioxide output. At the very least, a decrease in carbon dioxide output and global warming superimposed on a downturn in human economic activity will relieve any lingering doubts in the minds of planners that greenhouse warming is anthropogenic at its belly button.|[0028] Thus by the process of elimination of alternatives recited here, geoengineering must be seriously considered as part of any comprehensive effort to solve the problem—absent any compelling argument to the contrary. Two arguments against rational geoengineering are commonly made. First that the ecological risks are unacceptable. Second that any ameliorative action taken would ease the pressure to make the hard decisions needed to develop a sustainable energy economy. Both these arguments will likely wilt when and if global warming enters a “runaway” phase. Arguments about ecological risk must seem hypocritical even now given the reckless behaviors that have produced the crisis. In short, it seems inevitable that resistance to rational terraforming will evaporate when temperatures or sea level spikes sharply. Therefore the “roll-out” of any terraforming device must have a short lead time and quickly become effective. It is reasonable to want to prepare for this while organized economic activity on a global scale is still possible. Preliminary studies undertaken at this time, undertaken to ensure that an effective response will be available when the political urgency becomes compelling, seem entirely defensible and in fact of the highest priority.|[0029] A worst case acute meltdown and global temperature spike would likely be marked by a sharp upturn in fossil fuel combustion emissions and then a generational declining standard of living: simply because the costs of adapting to planetary ecosystem disruption will be so high. More optimistically, the crisis could spike and then correct itself through adoption of new technologies over several decades, peaking sometime between 2020 and 2050—maybe. Optimally, a geoengineering device and method for amelioration of the global heat budget and greenhouse effect might be required for a few years or a decade to blunt peak emissions, following which we ultimately make more sustainable choices for powering a quality of life for all. Thus a geoengineering apparatus or process would thus simply be a means for gaining the time needed for committed change, and conveniently, would then dissipate and vanish without further intervention, or could be turned off or redirected. In this view, rational geoengineering is seen not as an artifice to evade, but rather as a potential borrowing of time to face an incipient crisis and make the necessary changes.|[0030] One geoengineering proposal has emerged as feasible, economical, and likely to be effective, albeit with uncertain collateral consequences. In the Pinatubo eruption, approximately 10 Mt sulfur as a SO2-rich aerosol was transported to stratospheric levels above 30 km. The plume, covering a band of some 125,000 km2, reduced global insolation, when measured 6 months later, by about 4.5 W/m2 (or global mean average of about 3%). Mean global temperature dropped by about 0.5 degrees Celsius (0.9° F.) for over a year following the eruption. A similar impact was seen after the El Chichon eruption of 1982 and after Tambora, another stratovolcano, in 1816, which was followed by a “year without a summer” and crop failures in Europe. Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen has published a thumbnail feasibility study for NASA-assisted injection of nanoparticles into the stratosphere, offering to mimic the beneficial cooling effect that follows stratovolcanos. (see www.deas.harvard.edu/climate/pdf/2006/Crutzen2006.pdf). In short, a significant increase in planetary albedo can be achieved by any party possessing the capacity to lift 100 Mt of volcanic ash into the stratosphere, purportedly a relatively cheap proposition. The “Pinatubo Effect” as it is now called, was equivalent to 0.75 W/m2 in reduced insolation. However, sulfur dioxide attacks ozone and precipitates as acid rain. A better choice of aerosol might be microparticulate olivine, mica, or diatomaceous earth, which are available in abundance. But doubts as to the feasibility and safety persist.|[0031] Some work toward marine geoengineering was initiated on a small scale as early as 1993, and the results have been confirmed in numerous subsequent studies. As set forth in detail at www.palomar.edu/oceanography/iron.htm (accessed 30 Jan. 2007), the IronEx I research vessel Columbus Iselin set out to sea in 1993 fitted with a portable laboratory and loaded with 21 barrels of blue-green iron granules (about 0.5 t of ferric sulfate). The mineral was dissolved in seawater at the test site and dispersed in a location SW of the Galopagos Islands. Application resulted in increase of iron from about 20-50 pM to about 1-2 nM and a three-fold increase in phytoplankton (measured as chlorophyll) in the treated area. The biological enrichment resulted in transient sequestration of about 300 t carbon dioxide over a two week period but was complicated by unexpected surface stratification. This experiment generated a tremendous debate and was repeated in 1995, with yet better results, stimulating a 30 x increase in surface chlorophyll, principally in the form of diatoms, but also higher trophic levels, as had been predicted. An estimated 9,100 t of carbon dioxide was drawn down. Encouragingly, follow up work has not demonstrated significant collateral production of NOX or methane.|[0032] The effort was originated in 1986 by John Martin of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, and was first disclosed in response to a presentation by Bruce Frost of the University of Washington, who had noted that some ocean areas were unexpectedly phytoplankton poor (the “high-nitrate/low chlorophyll” oceans), for example the Pacific equatorial belt extending east from Irian Jaya to Peru and the roaring 40's, the belt of water surrounding Antarctica. Martin had suggested that biological productivity was limited by iron availability, and that iron fertilization would result in a phytoplankton bloom and could be used as a means to reduce the greenhouse effect (which was already well understood in scientific circles by the 1980's) by sequestering carbon dioxide. See for example, Martin et al. 1990. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5:1-13 and discussions [www.palomar.edu/oceanography/iron.htm] of the period. Use of marine fertilization with iron to stimulate marine productivity and sequester CO2 is thus not a novel concept and a first full, clear and definite conception was articulated in the mid-1980s.|[0033] In the second Iron-Ex expedition, in 1996, headed by Kenneth Coale, it was noted that the redox state of the inorganic iron was important, ferric iron precipitating rapidly as the hydroxide and exiting the photic zone. Nonetheless, a dense and somewhat anoxic phytoplankton bloom was observed and documented.|[0034] Other experiments of this same kind have since been published (see Tsuda A et al. 2003. A mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific induces a large centric diatom bloom. Science 3009:58-61; Markels and Barber. 2001. Sequestration of CO2 by ocean fertilization. Poster Presentation for NETL Conference on Carbon Sequestration; Boyd P W et al. 2000. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature. 407:695-702; Coale K H et al. 2004. Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment: carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters. Science 304:408-14; Boyd P W et al. 2004. The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom. Nature 428:549-53). A total of 12 experiments were recently reviewed by Boyd (Boyd P W et al. 2007. Mesoscale iron enrichment experiments 1993-2005: synthesis and future directions. Science 315:612-7). A newsworthy update was recently published in Science (318:1368-70, 2008).|[0035] Patent literature has also accumulated, beginning with a 28 Apr. 1994 filing by Markels (U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,173), which claimed a method for first measuring nutrients in seawater, of then adding any missing nutrients to the seawater, and finally harvesting the increased production as seafood. Use of a “float material” such as rice hulls, wheat chaff, ground corn cobs [and] peanut hulls was proposed as a form of fertilizer that would dissolve in the surface over a period of days, or perhaps as long as a week. The detailed description involved shipboard pumping of a liquid fertilizer composed primarily of iron with some phosphates and nitrates, and disclosed “that almost certainly algae will grow”. It can be said that John Martin unequivocably articulated that same assertion almost a decade earlier. Markels' patent was awarded with narrow claims.|[0036] This was followed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,535,701, which cited one of the Martin papers (Martin et al. 1994. Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 371:123-129). In the second filing, the method was supplemented by further providing a nitrogen-fixing organism with the fertilizer. As examples of compositions for such use of fertilizers, starch mixtures with iron were suggested. Compositions were again not claimed.|[0037] In U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,087, Markels claimed a method for increasing seafood production, where the fertilizer contains iron in a chelated form so that the iron does not precipitate from the photic zone as hydroxides. Compositions for the method were disclosed. The compositions included binders such as plastic, wax, or starch to provide timed release over two weeks of the fertilizer, and a plastic pellet matrix compounded to float by attaching the fertilizing matrix to a float material such as glass bubbles, plastic foam, or by introducing gas bubbles into the fertilizer pellets during manufacture. The matrix selected for attaching the fertilizing elements to the float element or for introducing gas bubbles into the fertilizer pellets was taught to be a plastic matrix, or optionally a wax (Col 4 lines 48-65). Again the timed release matrix disclosed was selected to dissolve in two weeks or less, and in subsequent disclosures, pulse fertilization at intervals greater than 30 days was reported as preferable.|[0038] In 2000 and 2002, two US patents issued to Markels claiming methods for sequestering carbon dioxide by ocean fertilization. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,919 the steps of the claimed method involve testing to identify a missing nutrient, applying a fertilizer to supply the nutrient, limiting the bloom by applying the fertilizer in pulses, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. Pulse application at intervals of greater than 30 days (see independent claims 1 and 15) was taught to limit anoxia in the phytoplankton blooms. It is known that micrograzing and eutrophication result in lessened carbon sequestration.|[0039] In U.S. Pat. No. 6,440,367, methods of applying iron chelates to the ocean were claimed for sequestration of carbon dioxide. Disclosed was an iron:lignin chelate. In this case, and all such related cases, the teachings teach away from the use of the less expensive insoluble mineral forms, which would be expected to precipitate if mixed into the ocean—an unsolved problem.|[0040] US Patent Appl. 2002/0023593 relates again to methods of increasing seafood production. Claims 1, 10 and 14 summarize the relevant teachings as to compositions: [a method wherein] first, iron is to be supplied as a chelate, and secondly, “said second fertilizer is in the form of pellets, and said pellets comprise a float material selected from gas bubbles and/or low density materials, and said pellets further comprise a binder selected from plastic, wax, high molecular weight starch, or a combination thereof”. Any such composition consists of an organic binder, a float material, and an iron chelate, but note that the claims relate strictly to methods, and that in all the claims in this series, the steps are always to measure the nutrient concentrations in seawater, to determine the limiting nutrient, and then to supply that nutrient, the substance of what John Martin had proposed for iron-poor oceans. A method in which the limiting nutrient is not measured is not claimed, although most scientists would be reluctant not to collect baseline data before undertaking iron enrichment as a matter of ordinary skill in the art. Also not conceived was a method in which non-limiting nutrients were added, for example so as to favor certain communities over others.|[0041] As for compositions, the methods of the prior art teach solubilized minerals, chelates, and a narrow genus of pellet matrices selected from the list of organic chemicals consisting of plastic, wax, and starch. All such pellets contain an organic binder. However, selection of an organic matrix is problematic in that the named materials are responsible for very high levels of biological oxygen demand, starch for example, thus promoting the growth of heterotrophs, particularly bacteria not native to the pelagic ocean, which will certainly exacerbate oxygen depletion in the underlying water and reduce carbon sequestration by resolubilizing any carbon dioxide fixed by primary producers. Plastic materials are also a major pollutant in the world's oceans and typically contain carcinogenic plasticizers. Wax is not expected to form monodisperse sustained-release pellets absent a surfactant and is difficult to handle. Other objections to the selections taught by Markels could be elaborated here. Organic binders will likely have a highly negative effect on ocean surface chemistry by disintegrating into short chain oils and organic polymers, and thus displacing native surfactants, chelators, siderophores, and the like from the neuston, which is a critical environment in pelagic ocean biology.|[0042] Similar problems are found with organic materials as a genus, such as the rice crispies and peanut hulls proposed as float materials. While the use of “glass bubbles” as a float material is attractive, current supplies of hollow glass microspheres, as the term “bubble” would be understood by one skilled in the arts, are expensive and the Markels disclosures teach an organic binder or matrix selected from plastic, wax and starch wherein the glass bubbles are added to the matrix solely for buoyancy.|[0043] The work to date has also been criticized by others because supplementation with the limiting nutrient in one area will necessarily deplete the water body of other nutrients, which then become limiting as the water body moves out of the test area. In other words, while some hope to profit by fertilizing within a fence, the profit is robbed from areas outside the fence, a classical retelling of the tragedy of the commons. As an example, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,063, where the problem is made transparent. The method of first measuring limiting nutrient concentrations in a body of water and then supplementing that body of water with an excess of the most needed nutrient or nutrients is thus fundamentally flawed, and increases productivity in the test site by robbing the productivity of adjoining areas. To the extent that this is also the Martin Iron Hypothesis, the hypothesis has been highly instructive and successful, but is flawed as a method for rational geoengineering.|[0044] In short, the prior art has taught inter alia that higher bioavailability of the nutrient supplement is preferable, that formation of insoluble hydroxides of metals is unfavorable and is prevented by chelation, and that pulse administration is necessary to prevent eutrophic blooms. But what if there was a better way?|[0045] There remains a need for a composition of a marine fertilizer formulated to overcome the above disadvantages and to provide for sustained release of a balanced palette of micronutrients over a growing season or more. Such a composition may be of benefit in increasing harvestable species while also sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. Valuable characteristics of such a composition include provision of increased surface area for habitat, providing spatial richness of niches as well as a nutritive leachate (noting that surface chemistry and biochemistry is sufficient, i.e. not requiring exogenous chelators, to ensure that bioactive mineral forms are released at equilibrium rates for uptake). Changes in redox species of a mineral are achieved simply by supplying a surface on which they may be bound, eliminating the need for what is meant in the chemical art by “chelators”. Because surfaces alone also result in “passive” shifts in the equilibrium concentrations of the redox species toward slow sustained release of soluble species and further supply habitat niches for microbiota that further modify the release of those mineral species as native organic complexes, accumulation of biomass is highly favored. This biomass can result in macro-sedimentation or can be harvested, or a combination of both, and is net new production. In preferred forms, these compositions are buoyant to ensure a T0.5 of greater than 3-6 months in the photic zone and are optionally reflective on a skyward surface so as to provide immediate SST cooling. Light is not limiting except seasonally at polar latitudes!|[0046] An area of particular interest involves the design of nutrient formulations to promote the growth of particular community foodchains and the associated primary producers. For CO2 sequestration, for example, it may be preferable to select a formulation that promotes the growth of coccolithophorids in preference to diatoms. Phaeocystis antarctica takes up twice as much CO2 per mole of PO4 removed than do diatoms, it has been reported. Foraminifera deposit calcium carbonate shells, a preferred sequestration and deposition mineral. Optionally, for cloud formation (termed here “kumogenesis”), it may be useful to increase dimethylsulfide production by selection of an enrichment medium that increases expression of the prymnesiophyte-microzooplankton envirotype (see Boyd P W et al. 2000. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar southern ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 407:695-702). At some surface fill factors, gas exchange is reduced, but this can be adjusted or even overcome by physical design of the formulation. Referring again to the CLAW hypothesis formulated by Charlson, Lovelok, Andreae and Warren (Nature 326:655-661, 1987): dimethylsulfide (DMS) is thought to play a role in regulating the temperature of the planet by regulation of kumogenesis and associated cloud albedo. Dimethylsulfonio-propionate (DMSP) is biologically converted to DMS (a volatile compound), the main source of organic sulfur in the atmosphere above the oceans. Phytoplankton produce DMS that escapes into the atmosphere where it is oxidized to sulfuric acid, which acts as a nucleus for the condensation of water, and ultimately contributes to the albedo of the planet. According to the hypothesis, when cloud albedo increases, less solar radiation reaches the microbial plankton populations resulting in less photosynthesis and less DMS production, thereby creating a feedback loop that modulates the Earth's temperature [not allowing for the limiting effects of nutrients other than sulfur, which must complicate the model]. Experiments have shown that if the mixed layer depth is very shallow, then almost 100% of DMSP is converted into DMS, and as the mixed layer depth increases this value goes down. Using the mixed layer depth, chlorophyll concentrations and the DMS relationship, predicted DMS concentrations were nicely correlated with the real DMS concentrations in work by Rafel Simó and colleagues reported in Nature in 1999.|[0047] Provision of habitat in the form of bioactive surface area also has the effect of increasing trophic levels in rough proportion to the area and niche size of the habitat, a scalar porosity factor with a fractal dimension.|[0048] In contrast, current solution fertilization methods result in increases in dissolved organic carbon, picoplankton and, if sustained, bloom populations of micro-grazers such as copepods with associated anoxia and collapse of active photosynthesis. Any increases in CO2 uptake are transitory.|[0049] In the oligotropic ocean, picoplankton predominate. The fecal sediment fall is thus a “micro-sediment” with poor sedimentation characteristics that is rapidly re-solubilized as CO2 and organic acids by the action of heterotrophs. Regeneration of CO2 continues into the mesopelagic zone due to the slow descent and long residence time of the microparticles. It is well established that pelagic “microzooplankton” are the principal grazers on marine phytoplankton (Billett, D et al. 1983. Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos. Nature 302:520-522; Ryther, J H. 1969. Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. Science 166:72-76; Falkowski, P G et al. 2000. The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of the Earth as a system. Science 290:291-294; Turner, J T et al. 2000. Accumulation of red tide toxins in larger size fractions of zooplankton assemblages from Massachusetts Bay, USA. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 203:95-107; Smayda, T J. 1970. The suspension and sinking of phytoplankton in the sea. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 8:353-414; Irwin A J et al. 2006. Scaling-up from nutrient physiology to the size-structure of phytoplankton communities. J Plankton Res 28:459-471; Richardson, T. and Jackson, G. 2007. Small phytoplankton and carbon export from the surface ocean. Science, 315:838; Zarauz L et al. 2009. Changes in plankton size structure and composition, during the generation of a phytoplankton bloom, in the central Cantabrian sea. J Plankton Res 31:193-207). Micro-sediment sinks more slowly and is more likely to be re-solubilized. The result is that relatively little micro-sediment crosses the “100-Year Horizon” at depth as required for permanent sequestration and a significant fraction of inorganic carbon accumulates in the mesopelagic zone.|[0050] As disclosed here, this can be seen principally as an effect of habitat size, and the primary geoengineering intervention that can increase the size and quantity of sediment is not nutrient level but is instead habitat size and complexity, which effectively correlates with size of organism, number of trophic levels, and size and speed of sedimentary deadfall due to larger particle size. With provision for habitat and nutrient levels capable of supporting higher trophic levels as taught here, “macro-sediment” is obtained, and there are associated significant increases in CO2-derived organic matter descending below the 100-Year Horizon. Not only is net productivity increased, but the quality of the deep ocean fixed carbon efflux (or “biological pump”) is improved.|[0051] Ocean productivity in the form of net biological carbon assimilation is variously estimated at 36-48 GtC/yr, globally in aggregate, an impressive number. This marine productivity is about half of all global productivity, but is spread over an area of about 361 x 106 km2 (almost three times the area of terrestrial ecosystems). Blooms can yield 50 gm/m2/day of new fixed carbon but it is more typical to encounter oceans where productivity is on the order of 3-5 gm/m2/yr. Corridors of higher productivity tend to be localized, geographically limited, and seasonal (such as coastal upwelling or at the equator) and a method for increasing productivity in less productive areas of the ocean has been long sought. As discussed above, nutrient limitation is the primary throttle on marine productivity over much of this “ocean desert” and habitat is the key to increasing sediment size. The effect can be dramatic, while current sequestration flux to the benthos in the form of “marine snow” and fecal pellets may be on the order of 0.43 GtC/yr out of global marine productivity of 50 GtC/yr (with an open ocean component of 10 GtC/yr), less than 10% of pelagic sediment actually reaches the ocean floor. Sinking rates for coccoliths in pellet form are 160 m/day versus 0.15 m/day for the discrete coccoliths; and fecal pellets sink at rates up to 2000 m/day [Huneke H and R Henrich. 2011. Pelagic sedimentation in modern and ancient oceans. In, Deep-Sea Sediments. Huneke and Mulder (eds) Dev Sedimentology 63, page 222-231]. Thus, although current open ocean output as a sink for fixed carbon of 0.4 GtC/yr compares poorly to an annualized human carbon output equivalent to 6-7 GtC/yr, any endeavor that increased surface steady state sediment production from 0.001 gm/m2/day to 1 or 3 gm/m2/day (a 103-fold increase) in a form that sediments rapidly is expected to have a dramatic planetary cooling effect in a short period of time if deployed over sufficient surface area. Biological communities such as eelgrass and coral reefs having stable productivity of 1-3 gm/m2/day are readily identified. On the scale of industrial production, devices of the invention covering 150,000 km2 or 300,000 km2 (somewhere around the size of Wyoming) may be contemplated at a cost that is substantially less than the alternatives.|[0052] The compositions and methods of the present invention bring welcome synergy to convergent interests: global warming, marine productivity, and carbon sequestration. A combination of modalities—modification of global albedo and enhancements in marine productivity with associated increases in sedimentary lithification of atmospheric CO2—addresses the global climate crisis in multiple ways. There is a need for geoengineering that overcomes the dangers and difficulties discussed in the introductory remarks here, at a scale likely to have a significant impact on the global energy balance, while further providing some added economic benefit in the form of commodities or carbon credits so as to have a measurable incentive for implementation. Needed is a solution with a near-instantaneous effect that is readily measurable in direct physical terms, is rapidly deployable, and yet can be allowed to dissipate or vanish of a timescale of one or more years following implementation, without further intervention. In short, as will be shown here, reflective forced cooling of the planet is a plausible answer to the problem of global warming and can be fitted into a business model with appropriate incentives. Similarly, geoengineering of the atmosphere by marine sequestration of carbon dioxide at depth is also doable and can be incentivized for investment. Devices, methods and means for achieving these ends are aspects of the invention as laid open herein.|SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0053] It is clear that prior art efforts at fertilization of the sea have focused on high bioavailability—unnecessarily. A healthy neuston provides an excess of chelators, why add EDTA? The prior art teaches against application of elemental iron because iron forms hydroxides that rapidly precipitate out of the photic zone. But must elemental iron necessarily precipitate from the photic zone? These tenants of the prior art, and others, are challenged here.|[0054] Prior art efforts have sought to drive marine productivity by increasing the concentration of select essential elements, primarily iron, but have taken no notice of the effect of solid:water interface on partition coefficients, solubility constants, and biological activity. Merely increasing surface area in the ocean, absent any other effort, is sufficient to stimulate accumulation of biomass. The right combination of new surface area and increased nutrient supply, over an extended period of time, will result in superior performance of any biological system. More complex ecosystems are more stable and more productive over time. Complexity is both richness in trophic levels and in spatial niches, the fractal dimensions of Nature.|[0055] Described here in a first embodiment are compositions, apparatus, and methods for biological and physical geoengineering. Disclosed are buoyant inorganic particles, prill, pucks, or floats having several properties: 1) a sustained-release composition for delivery of nutrients and minerals selected from iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium, nickel, vanadium, silicon, boron, cadmium, selenium, sulfur, inorganic nitrogen, and phosphate, resulting in increased biological productivity (ie. food), while synergically, 2) the compositions increase surface area for biochemical and photosynthetic activity in the neuston (ie. uptake of carbon dioxide), and 3) the compositions comprise a light-reflective skyward surface for increasing albedo when applied to bodies of water and are buoyant. These compositions are found to A) increase the potential for pelagic aquaculture, B) increase validated carbon sequestration and lithification, and C) provide some immediate relief from global warming by directly increasing planetary reflection and indirectly by increasing cloud nucleation activity. An installation in one location can influence albedo downwind in other segments of the atmosphere by kumogenesis. Preferred compositions are buoyant, essentially inorganic, and light reflective. A preferred composition comprises a mixture of inorganic salts and binders (such as an inorganic glass) effective for increasing the growth of primary aquatic ecosystems such as coccolithophorids, diatoms, silicoflagellates, dinoflagellates, and microalgae (so-called “picoplankton”) in a sustained-release composition having a T0.5 of 0.5-3 years. Validation apparatus for assessing CO2 sequestration are illustrated, and include vertical spar buoys designed to resist wave action while providing a stable long-term platform for “big science” oceanography—supporting at depths an instrument package with field of laser particle counters for measuring the CO2 biological pump effect of sediment fall past the 100-Year Horizon, while not limited thereto.|[0056] These considerations have been unappreciated. In the dire situation in which we find ourselves, the goal must be not short term profit, but the long term productivity of the ocean at sustainable levels, with a significant part of that productivity diverted to carbon sequestration at the ocean bottom and in deep sea currents having circulation times measured in centuries. Therefore, it is appropriate to design and optimize sustained release compositions the half-life of which is measured in months or years, not days or even weeks. Such matrices are necessarily “stone-like” in nature—inorganic—and buoyant in water, an unlikely natural combination. But not impossible. There is added benefit by forming matrices having complex fractal surface topology at microscopic and macroscopic scales. In a preferred embodiment, the skyward facets of these compositions are reflective, thereby instantly modulating the albedo of the body of water upon which they are deployed. In other preferred embodiments, the matrices form habitat to support primary producers and complex foodchains, resulting in macro-sediment that rapidly falls to the ocean floor.|[0057] The geoengineering devices and processes disclosed here combine biological and physical means for reducing global warming, increasing oceanic productivity, and are readily deployed on ocean surfaces. In one aspect, the invention is an inorganic, buoyant material for sustained release of a balanced mineral fertilizer. The fertilizer is balanced with trace and macro minerals and nutrients to support photoautotrophic growth where CO2 is the principle source of carbon. By sustained release, a half-life T0.5 of 0.5 to 3 years is contemplated. Mineraline compositions of the invention include compositions of iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc with trace amounts of copper, molybdate, manganese, cobalt, chromium, borate, selenium, vanadium, and nickel, optionally supplemented with inorganic nitrogen such as nitrate, with phosphate, with sulfur or sulfates, and with blowgas enriched in CO2, or other source of carbonates. Siliceous material is also a useful supplement for some target populations. The compositions take the form of a prill, a puck, a pontoon, or a buoy, forms referred here generically as “sustained release compositions” (SRC).|[0058] In another embodiment, the invention is a method for conveying nutrient-rich water from below the photic zone to the ocean surface using renewable energy for pumping. Advantageously, deep water is well balanced in nutrient composition to support active photosynthesis. In a typical transect with depth, the profile of iron concentration will vary from 0.03 nM Fe at the surface to 0.1 nM at 100 m, to 80 nM at 250 m, and to 125 nM at 500 m, where a plateau is reached. Thus significant benefit is obtained by pumping water from below 100 m to the surface. Because water rises in a pipe to seek its own level, pumping resistance is not a factor of head height so much as it is resistance to pipe flow. Relatively low energy input is needed.|[0059] In another aspect, the invention is a buoy or buoy array for scientific investigation of the effects of the above compositions on albedo and on carbon sequestration in an aquatic environment. The buoy floats with an extended vertical axis for stability independent of wave height and supports a surface platform for instrumentation and pumps for controlling depth. The buoy may be associated with one or more rigid or semi-rigid rings which serve as restraints to disperse floating habitat. In another aspect, the buoy is a platform for aquaculture. Elements of the platform are equipped with active and passive buoyancy means and are submersible in the event of major storms or swells.|[0060] In another aspect, the invention is an apparatus for emitting a unit quantity of solar exsolation measurable in Joules from a terrestrial reflective surface to a plane above the upper terminus of the troposphere, wherein a solar exsolation credit instrument equal to the unit quantity of solar exsolation is produced and validated by the apparatus. Solar exsolation credits produced are optionally traded in a market or otherwise dispensed as credits against energy consumption, heat outputs associated with energy consumption, or greenhouse gas emission. A market for trading a solar exsolation credit will generally comprise a means for tracking and displaying an ask price and a bid price, and a means for executing trades such as are known in commodities markets. Other aspects of the invention will be apparent as discussed below.|[0061] In yet another aspect, the invention is a continuous method for extracting carbon dioxide from the air and exporting it as fixed carbon to the oceanic abyss below the 100 year horizon. A means for creating a credible market for trading validated carbon credits is demonstrated.|Global Scale Feasibility Calculations|1. Albedo|[0062] It has been shown experimentally that increases in albedo can force large scale local cooling. In a recent publication, Campra (2008, J Geophys Res 113:1-10) reported a long term study of 26,000 hectares in southern Spain, where installation of greenhouses, in what is described as “a continuous greenhouse-covered surface,” has resulted in a positive increase in albedo of about 0.1. This increased albedo was associated with reflective heat transfer averaging −20 W/m2 (i.e., cooling) by MODIS satellite infrarometry. Aerial photos confirm that the surface is extensively whitened by whitewashing the glass roofs of the structures. Terrestrial solar radiation IN is about 340 W/m2; therefore a reflective component of 20 W/m2 OUT is highly significant if integrated over a large enough surface area.|[0063] In short, surface albedo can be used to reverse global warming. A plume of floating pelagic reflective pucks, dispersed across the equatorial oceans over an area of 2.2 x 106 km2, a surface area the size of Greenland, and resulting in a change in albedo of +0.1, will result in perceptible global cooling in a matter of days or weeks, as can be verified by MODIS satellite infrarometry. Taking global surface insolation at 45 PW, the net effect of 20 W/m2 forced cooling by reflection to space over this surface area (44 GW) is an essentially instantaneous −0.1% change in the global surface net energy balance.|[0064] Interestingly, assuming a total urban landscape of about 2.2 x 106 km2 and an increase in albedo of just 10% (as by whitewashing all roofs and roads or by installing white vinyl roofing and high albedo pavement), a similar degree of cooling will be achieved. Thus an apparatus for achieving solar exsolation will include a reflective surface and a means for validating the amount of solar exsolation. The dispersable reflective compositions disclosed here have multiplier effects: increasing albedo, increasing marine productivity, and increasing sedimentary deadfall.|2. Marine Sedimentary Sequestration|[0065] Enhancement of annualized pelagic sedimentary deadfall in an oligotropic ocean site selected for research is expected to increase from 0.0001 gm/m2/day (reaching the seafloor) to 3 gm/m2/day. Assuming an installation of 360,000 km2, sequestered carbon increases from 0.00001 GtC/m2/yr to 0.4 GtC/m2/yr as fixed carbon sedimented below the 100 Yr horizon. Higher efficiency of sedimentation results from increased sediment size. Combining the sedimentation of the test patch with an annualized 0.4 GtC/m2/yr for the rest of the ocean, the total is more than 10% of human CO2 release by fossil fuel consumption (currently almost 7 GtC annually), a significant amount. Not included are cooling effects related to cloud formation and increased reflectivity. Synergic effects are noted and increased marine productivity results in harvestable biomass. Carbon sequestrations are sold in proportion to the validated increase in sedimentary deadfall below the 100 Yr horizon.|(US8882552)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES|[0066] The teachings of the present invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:|[0067] FIG. 1 is an extrapolation from best available models of global warming. The current range (1) of best estimates (IPCC: Climate Change 2007) for mean global temperature increase by 2100 is 1.8 to 4.0° C. The next report from the IPCC is due in 2014.|[0068] FIG. 2 is an adaptation of a spectrogram of solar radiation as received at the top of the atmosphere (2), at the surface at sea level (3), and at a depth of 10 meters below an ocean surface (4), for wavelengths from the UV to the far infrared.|[0069] FIG. 3 is a map of the Pacific ocean showing approximate locations of the Pacific NW and NE gyers.|[0070] FIG. 4 is an experimental result, shown relative density of perlite as reflector on water and the corresponding albedo measured with a solar collector and using incident radiation as a denominator.|[0071] FIG. 5 is a view of a water-filled experimental tank containing 30 gm/m2 perlite dispersed at a partial fill factor on the surface of the water.|[0072] FIG. 6 is a sketch of a composite SRC in the form of a puck.|[0073] FIG. 7 is a section through a composite SRC granule or prill.|[0074] FIG. 8 is a section through a composite SRC granule with fibrous matrix.|[0075] FIG. 9A is a perspective view of an extruded float and FIG. 9B is a cross-section of the float showing multiple layers. FIG. 9C shows erosion of an extended release layer of a float, increasing habitat surface.|[0076] FIG. 10 is a sketch of a toroid puck with sustained release matrix and reflective cap.|[0077] FIG. 11 is a sketch of a hollow ribbed spheroid float with buoyant cap.|[0078] FIGS. 12A, 12B and 12C are schematics of an extruder for forming SRC floats in a continuous ribbon-flow process.|[0079] FIG. 13A is a sectional view of a float in which a hoop has been embedded. FIG. 13B is a perspective view of the float of FIG. 13A showing a wire barrel useful for providing intermediate habitat for complex ecosystems and multiple trophic levels.|[0080] FIG. 14A shows an SRC formed as a large pontoon with reflective deck and keel piece. FIG. 14B shows an SRC with large pontoon festooned with hanging artificial kelp leaves providing intermediate habitat for complex ecosystems and multiple trophic levels.|[0081] FIG. 15A is a half-section or outline view of a hollow, columnar buoy for marine field work on carbon sequestration and ocean albedo. FIG. 15B provides dimensions of a buoy designed to float with a waterline as shown. FIGS. 15C, 15D and 15E depict a transverse and axial sectional view of the buoy shaft. FIG. 15F plots buoyant volume (displacement in m3) versus depth or draft on the structure shown.|[0082] FIG. 16 shows a columnar buoy with outriggers.|[0083] FIG. 17 shows a buoy array with nested circular pontoon booms.|[0084] FIG. 18 shows a buoy network interconnected by cables joining a hexagonal planar submerged space frame.|[0085] FIG. 19 shows a second buoy network interconnected by cables joining a hexagonal planar submerged space frame.|[0086] FIG. 20 shows a surface boundary defined by a buoy array or network having a submerged spaceframe for fixing the relative geometry of the buoys.|[0087] FIG. 21 is an integrated view of a free-floating research station, with floating pontoon booms as part of an aquaculture/marine fertilization facility and with a spaceframe and instrument package suspended by cables below the 100 Yr-horizon for validating carbon sequestration by measuring sediment fall along a transect or over a sampling area.|[0088] FIG. 22 describes steps for initiating validated CO2 remediation using the apparatus of the invention.|[0089] FIG. 23A is a schematic view of a column of water showing use of the spar buoy apparatus of the invention to fertilize the photic zone by circulating deep water to the sea surface. Nutrient rich water brought to the surface will admix with nutrient poor surface water, increasing biomass and fixed carbon flux falling below the 100 Yr horizon (biological pump). A plot of nutrient level relative to the photic zone is shown.|[0090] FIG. 23B is a detail view illustrating effects of a habitat-enhanced surface plume of nutrient-rich water on trophic levels and sedimentation rates at the surface of an oligotrophic ocean.|[0091] FIG. 24 is a model of a diaphragm pump for drawing deep water to the surface. The diaphragm is drawn to emphasize the simplicity of the apparatus.|[0092] FIG. 25 is a schematic view of an array of stabilized vertical buoys with windmills mounted on spars, the windmills providing renewable power for pumping nutrient-rich water to the surface.|[0093] FIG. 26 diagrammatically outlines steps in a method to continuously supply nutrients to the upper water layers and neuston so as to increase biomass and net carbon sequestration.|[0094] FIG. 27 defines commonly cited parameters of wave geometry, and rules of thumb for calculation of depth at which turbulence is substantially reduced.|[0095] FIG. 28 demonstrates that partial submersion of the apparatus can result in a state in which there is essentially no vertical oscillation.|(US8882552)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0096] Although the following detailed description contains specific details for the purposes of explication, one of skill in the art will appreciate that many variations and alterations to the following details are within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments of the invention described below are set forth without any loss of generality to, and without imposing limitations upon, the claimed invention.|[0097] Albedo—is the fraction or percent of reflected light from a surface as a ratio over the total incident illumination. Global albedo is the fraction of incident solar energy reflected from the Earth back into space. Albedo, in other words, is the ratio of exsolation to insolation, where exsolation is the quantity of reflected light exiting the atmosphere. A total energy balance for the planet reduces essentially to the energy of photonic insolation minus the sum of photonic and phononic out-radiation. As a matter of experimental convenience, meaningful insights into albedo can be made by comparing incident light and reflected light off a terrestrial surface. Since this incident light is largely depleted of wavelengths interacting with atmospheric species, visible reflected light is a significant component of global albedo. Several values for albedo are listed in the following table.|[0098] Albedo Snow and ice0.30-0.85 Clouds0.35-0.75 Desert0.25-0.30 Forest0.05-0.15 Open water0.05-0.08 |[0099] Coefficient of reflection—the ratio of the total amount of radiation, typically visible light, reflected by a surface to the total amount of radiation incident on the surface. Preferably, reflective surfaces generally have a reflectance coefficient greater than 0.5. Some reflective surfaces are mirror-like. The reflective coefficient is measured by shining white light on a surface and measuring the ratio of reflected light to incident light.|[0100] Biocompatible—of a form that may be contacted with a food-chain in an aqueous environment without harm to number or diversity of trophic levels.|[0101] Net aggregate positive buoyancy—denotes a composition which displaces a volume of water having a weight greater than the weight of the composition. The composition typically contains a gas-filled void volume enclosed or dispersed in an inorganic matrix.|[0102] Mineraline—an inorganic form of an element selected from elemental, salt, oxide, hydride or hydrate, and generally confined to Groups I through VI of the periodic table, exempting lanthanides and actinides, and for the present purposes, typically limited to biocompatible elements selected from rows 2 through 6. Mineraline compositions are generally free of organic compositions. Mineraline compositions of the invention include compositions of iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc with trace amounts of copper, molybdate, manganese, cobalt, borate, chromium, selenium, vanadium, and nickel, optionally supplemented with nitrate, phosphate, and with blowgas enriched in CO2, or other source of carbonates. Siliceous material is also a useful supplement for some target populations and is a suitable inorganic binder.|[0103] Phosphorus supplementation is also contemplated, generally in the form of mineraline phosphates. Because the elemental composition of phytoplankton is generally C:N:P=106:16:1 (commonly referred to as the “Redfield Ratio”), about 100 units of carbon are delivered to the deep sea for every unit of phosphorus assimilated by phytoplankton in the photolayer and sedimented into the abysmal plains and trenches. This is the “biological pump” that delivers carbon from the atmosphere to the deep sea, where it is concentrated and sequestered for centuries.|[0104] 100-Year Horizon—is a somewhat arbitrary functional boundary separating marine sediment-associated carbon that is recycled as part of the active food chain (and hence re-emerges as CO2 by respiration) and carbon associated with sediments that are sequestered from the atmosphere for geological periods of time or ultimately remineralized. The 100-yr horizon has been proposed as a benchmark for validating carbon sequestration credits.|[0105] SRC—refers to “sustained release composition”, that is, inorganic mineraline formulations in the form of a granule, pellet, puck, prill, microsphere, pontoon, sheet, plate, or agglomerate having a positive buoyancy. The compositions release physiologically acceptable concentrations and forms of elements required for photosynthesis with sustained release kinetics. The shell, the core, or the matrix of the solid member typically contains a gas phase. SRC with porosity or a fractal roughness are also provided. A buoyant core may be coated with a sustained release layer. Optionally, these formulations are light-reflective or are prepared with a reflective surface. In a preferred composition, the formulation floats with a reflective surface oriented skyward.|[0106] Cenospheres, vermiculite (exploded mica) and composites of vermiculite or perlite and kaolin, talc, pumice, exploded clays, zeolites generally, scoria, CaCO3, or glass, as well as artificial foamed silicates made from hydrosols are other potential inorganic substrates for SRCs. One type of cementitious, spray-foam insulation is known as Air-Krete™. It contains magnesium silicate, has an initial consistency similar to shaving cream, and is fireproof. For many years, hollow glass microspheres have been available in quantity and may be used to impart buoyancy to inorganic formulations made with an inorganic binder. Unlike ordinary glass microspheres, retro-reflective glass microspheres are well known for their use in bright reflective surfaces. Such microspheres have refractive indexes in the range of 1 to 3 and are suitable reflectors even when immersed in water. Glass microspheres may be coated with a variety of metallic reflectors. Ceramic and metal hollow microspheres are also commercially available. Manufacture of hollow microspheres is readily accomplished, taking advantage of the interfacial tension of a gas in glass collet, and a process equivalent to Ostwald ripening at temperatures at which the substrate is plastic. Formulations made of foamed clays are also provided.|[0107] Float—refers to a pontoon, raft, barge, boom or other displacing structure that is larger than a prill or a puck. Also comprises pontoon structures and combinations thereof. Floats may be individually dispersed or tethered.|[0108] Trophic levels—refers to one or more pools of carbon in a food chain. Typically a “primary producer level” or levels occupies the base of the food chain. Direct grazers occupy a second level. Larger predators occupy a third level, and so forth. Over the past 25 years our vision of the pelagic food web structure has changed dramatically. We now view the traditional “diatom-copepod-fish” foodweb as a relatively minor component. The food web consistently present in all oceanic habitats is based on pico- and nanoplankton-sized autotrophs and heterotrophs, which are efficiently grazed by flagellates and ciliates. The pelagic food web is microbe-centric. (“Microbe” in this context means small autotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs, and refers to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.) A necessary effort in carbon sequestration is an effort to shift the food web to include higher trophic levels. The principal means for doing this is by supplying habitat and solid phase surface area, not merely iron.|[0109] Turning now to the figures, FIG. 1 is a representation of future global temperatures given current trendlines. Shown are high and low “best estimates” prepared by the IPCC. The difference 1 between the two dotted lines represents the current uncertainty.|[0110] FIG. 2 shows a spectrogram of incident solar irradiation as a function of wavelength and altitude, the upper curve showing solar energy (W/m2-nm) entering the atmosphere (2), the middle curve light energy striking the surface of the ocean (3), and the bottommost curve (4) light having been depleted after penetration to a depth of 10 m below the ocean surface. The area under curve 3 and above curve 4 is the light energy converted to heat in the top 10 m of ocean. Clearly all light entering a deep body of water is fully absorbed. The oceans, covering more than half the surface of the globe, are thus major engines of climate. Reducing this heat engine is a rapid and effective way to force global cooling.|[0111] FIG. 3 is a map of the Pacific ocean showing the approximate locations 10, 11 of the NW and NE gyres, and general patterns of circulation of currents. The gyres are known to accumulate plastic detritis at their centers.|[0112] FIG. 4 is a plot of data from an experiment in which prill (perlite, horticultural grade) is weighted out and dispersed on a defined surface area in a dark-bottomed tank filled with water. This material contains a significant proportion of fines that contribute poorly to reflectivity. Perlite is a snow white material manufactured by “exploding” a porous, moist mineral found in deposits associated with volcanic ash and pumice. For the experiment, incident radiation was measured amperometrically with a solar panel and conditions were selected where the current response was generally linear. The effect of increasing quantity of reflective prill was then tested by turning the solar panel upside down over the tank (with incident light at about a 30 degree angle) and measuring the reflected light in the same way. A zero-intercept was obtained experimentally when no prill was added to the tank. A fill factor can be estimated from photographs taken during the experiment (such as FIG. 5). Even at 30 gm/m2, increases in albedo of the order of +0.05 were obtained. This is a highly significant change in energy flux if taken over a very large surface area. FIG. 5 is a b/w reproduction of a photograph of an experimental setup as described above, although the sun was slightly higher in the sky. A fill factor of 30 gm/m2 perlite is shown. Some clumping of the perlite is observed.|[0113] Albedo at high fill factors of floating perlite on water approaches 0.6. By comparison, the albedo of snow is typically reported as 0.3-0.85, depending on the cleanness of the snow.|[0114] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a puck (50) formed with multiple layers. The upper surface (51) is a reflective surface and for example is comprised of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, or glass, and may contain platelets of mica or metal or crystals of olivine, or other reflective material such as a thin mirror layer of aluminum. The upper layer (52) is rich in low density materials for positive buoyancy and is optionally comprised of perlite in an inorganic binder of waterglass or exploded porcelain, for example. The middle layer (53) includes a slow release matrix and contains mineraline inorganic nutrients selected from iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, molybdate, manganese, cobalt, borate, selenium, vanadium, and nickel, optionally supplemented with nitrate and phosphate. The minerals are supplied as oxides, nitrates, carbonates, silicates, sulfates, or as elements. The redox state of the minerals is selected for cost and convenience in formulation because bioavailable redox species are formed in situ. The matrix is formulated so that the elements are released in biologically nutritive quantities over an extended period of time, preferably the matrix dissolves with a half-life of 0.5 to 3 years. This middle layer is formulated with a higher density, as ballast, so that the puck is likely to float with the upper layer facing skyward. A lower layer (54) may be added for quick release, and also serves to reduce fouling by virtue of its higher erodibility. The net buoyancy of the puck is positive. A porous coat (55) such as a leachable glass may also be added to improve handling during transport and dispersal.|[0115] Various methods known in the art may used to make porous sustained release materials from ceramics. The polymeric-sponge method produces open-cell structures by impregnating a polymeric sponge with a ceramic powder slurry, the organics are then driven off at a temperature below that required for firing the ceramic slurry material. Polymers sponges include polyurethane, cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and latex. Alternatively, a direct foaming method can be used to produce both open-cell and closed-cell structures. In this method, a chemical mixture containing the desired ceramic component and gas precursors is treated to evolve a gas. Bubbles in the material cause it to foam. The resulting porous ceramic material is then dried and fired. Honeycomb structures may also be made. Firing the green ceramic typically involves a temperature of 1000-1700° C., however, improvements have been made that significantly reduce the firing temperature as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,169,725 to Haun, and adaptations thereof. Porous ceramics can also be made by freeze drying a precursor followed by sintering (see for example: Deville, S. 2008. Freeze-casting of porous ceramics. Adv Engin Matls 10:155-169), and adaptations thereof. Sol gel and water glass methods may also be use.|[0116] FIG. 7 is a cartoon showing a section through an amorphous SRC granule or prill (60). Voids (61) filled with gas are used to reduce the aggregate density, because the particle must float. A glass or ceramic matrix (62) material is used to bind mineraline elements (63) into a solid granule. Voids (64) on the surface of the particle increase surface area, promote surface chemistry, and facilitate colonization with microorganisms that will erode the matrix over multiple months or even years. The matrix material is a clay or a glass, for example a silica glass or kaolin, while not limited thereto. The granules (60) are preferably white or are optionally coated with embedded specular reflectors such as glass microspheres or quartz or mica platelets. The granules or pellets may contain a single void. Glass floats used in the early part of this century by Japanese fishermen have been known ride the Kuroshio current north, circling the Pacific for decades and in fact still wash up on Oregon and Hawaii beaches after storms. The spherical floats vary in size from a few centimeters to almost a meter in diameter, and even accumulate barnacles, eventually sinking under the accumulated weight.|[0117] FIG. 8 is a cartoon shown a section through an amorphous SRC pellet (70) with a fibrous low-density matrix (71). Granules (72) of a slow release material and fibers (73) are embedded in the matrix (73). Non-wetting voids in the matrix hold air sufficient for buoyancy. The matrix is typically a ceramic or a glass.|[0118] FIGS. 9A and 9B show an extruded product (80). This float is manufactured by cutting a ribbon of extruded matrix material into convenient lengths. Each float comprises a reflective cap (81), a ballasted keel (82), and a glass coating (83).|[0119] FIG. 9B illustrates a section through a float of FIG. 9A. The float is comprised of three layers, an upper buoyant layer (84) with entrapped air, a middle layer (85) with mineraline elements formulated in a slow release matrix of neutral density, and a lower layer (86) with embedded iron filings and serving as a ballasted keel. The floats are spray coated with water glass or hard coat and sintered during manufacture. FIG. 9C is a sectional view through the float of FIG. 9A, showing the effect of biological erosion (87) characteristic of this sustained release composition.|[0120] FIG. 10 shows a toroid float (90) having a net positive buoyancy, a sustained release core, and a hard coat outer layer (92), the cap (91) with reflective properties. Floats may optionally be tethered together to form a net-like sheet when dispersed.|[0121] FIG. 11 shows a hollow ribbed ball with a reflective cap (96) having a core of low density matrix material and erodible ribs (97) having a mineral composition for sustained release. The ribs are strengthened to resist breakage. Apertures (98) between the ribs permit the entry of organisms.|[0122] FIGS. 12A, B and C are illustrative of an extruder process nozzle used to manufacture the float of FIG. 9. Extruded product is indicated by V. Four feeds are fed into a triple nozzle (101) with outer sheath (110) that is inserted into an alcohol bath (111) through process tank wall (102). Feed III is the iron rich bottom layer in a clay matrix and is fed in at (103). Feed IV is a gas bubble rich upper layer of waterglass as a slurry rich in specular reflective material such as titanium oxide or mica platelets and is fed in at 104. Feed II is a core layer of slow-release mineraline elements important for photosynthesis in a waterglass slurry and enters through a nested tube (105). Feed I, entering the core of the extruded ribbon at 106, is an alcohol that solidifies the waterglass matrix and is removed and recovered during sintering under a CO2 atmosphere. The product is characterized by high porosity and voidspace.|[0123] FIG. 13A is a modified float (120), here shown in section to illustrate that a barrel hoop (121) and stave (122) has been embedded in the float. Again the reflective cap (123) is present and may be a coating. The upper layer (124) is buoyant. Under the upper layer is a body comprised of granules of mixed metal oxides (125) and a slow release clay matrix (126).|[0124] This complex float is rendered as a complete structural unit in FIG. 13B. Here the float (120) is shown with embedded wire barrel (127), the wire barrel forming habitat for larger trophic levels, and a sort of pelagic nursery. The wire barrel also serves to prevent the floats from closing together in impenetrable poly-rafts. The float may be a meter or more in length if desired.|[0125] FIG. 14A shows an SRC formed as a large pontoon with reflective deck and keel piece, and shows an SRC of several meters in width. This is a section through the structure of the pontoon; which is part of a larger structure forming a boom around a centrally anchored research platform. The boom may have a degree of flexibility while being relatively incompressible in diameter. In the center of the pontoon (150) is a hollow tube (156) that is filled with air (151) during surface operation. The top of the pontoon is a reflective surface (152) or coating, which may be periodically cleaned. The pontoon is perforated (153) to promote aeration during wave surge. A keel (154) is used for ballast. The core (155) is preferably a neutral density material. The rings are flexible so that the ring can undulate during passage of a swell. Optionally, an erodable anti-fouling coating (157) is supplied that contains an inorganic nutrient mix for supporting the growth of photosynthetic organisms and producing complex habitat. Erodable anti-fouling coatings need not be buoyant when applied to a floating pontoon or structure. FIG. 14B shows an SRC with large pontoon festooned with hanging artificial kelp leaves (158) providing intermediate habitat for complex ecosystem and multiple trophic levels, i.e., an artificial reef. The fill factor for supplemental habitat compositions on the ocean surface can be adjusted for effect.|[0126] As shown in FIGS. 6-14, the invention may include a buoyant composition for sequestering fixed carbon below the 100 year horizon of an ocean, for increasing marine biological productivity, and with reflective for increasing the albedo of a body of water. The composition comprises an inorganic nutrient or nutrients, generally in a formulation with balanced physiological ratio for supporting primary production of one or more food webs, in a sustained release solid matrix, the solid matrix having a light reflective surface or surfaces.|[0127] Turning to FIG. 15A, we see vertical spar buoy (130) configured to float with about 90% of its mass submerged relative to the waterline. The buoy comprises a hollow, elongate vertical body with superstructure (131) and ballast (132) assembly at the two ends joined in the middle by an elongate stem (133). The submerged understructure is a hollow tube with horizontal partitions in the upper levels and can be filled like a straw up to those partitions. The partitions separate an upper fixed displacement volume V1 and a lower variable displacement volume V2. Pumps are used to regulate the waterline, which is dynamically controllable. A self-propelled vessel that could be partially flooded at one end to assume this vertical posture was tested by Scripps Institute of Oceanography and found to provide a remarkably stable platform for oceanographic research that resisted pitch and yaw. Here the principle is adapted as a passive buoy for semi-permanent mooring on an anchored cable, and as will be shown below, combinations are introduced that build on this platform. Or the platform may be allowed to drift, such as in a gyre, serving as its own sea anchor.|[0128] FIG. 15B provides dimensions (in meters) for a structure of this class. Tubular construction with ferrocement, geocement, welded aluminum, or fiber-reinforced PVC forming the stem is contemplated, for example on a removable mandrel, from pre-shaped sections, or by shotcrete construction in a female mold using a track-mounted blower. In this model of the buoy, the total mass was 3.6 x 106 kg (assuming ferrocement), the displacement was 5.6 x 106 cubic meters of seawater, and the ballast mass on the bottom of the stem was 1.7 x 106 kg. This yielded a waterline about 17 meters from the top of the superstructure. The stem is partially flooded and the actual water line is controllable by controlling the level of water within the stem.|[0129] FIG. 15C is a plot of calculated displacement volume versus depth mark (draft) on a plimsoll. As would be expected, displacement volume increases from the ballast segment at the bottom of the structure (the 120 meter mark) and becomes maximal as the superstructure exits the waterline. The waterline is dynamic but is typically placed at the m mark. Cumulative total displacement at the 20 m mark is about 5600 metric tons as required for a heavy ferrocement structure. Lighter displacement designs using alternate materials are also feasible. Inertial forces causing the structure to sway laterally and to rise and fall in the surf are heavily dampened by the masses involved and the low overall center of buoyancy.|[0130] By use of internal structural partitions, a minimum waterline can be maintained. The structure is submersible. Submersion at a depth of 20 meters has an important advantage in weathering severe storms. It is assumed that the buoy will be anchored. The entire structure may be pulled down 20 meters under the ocean on a cable to ride out storm surges.|[0131] FIGS. 15D, 15E, and 15F depict a transverse and axial section of the buoy shaft 133. In transverse section FIG. 15E, the stem of the buoy from the sealed compartments to the ballast keel is seen to consist of a center void 142 in fluid connection with the ocean and a composite wall. The composite wall may include tubular reinforcements 143 embedded in a structural matrix 144. In a preferred embodiment, stainless or PVC tubing 143 is embedded in a ferrocement matrix 144. The outer layer 141 of the stem is generally a wound fiber such as a fiberglass designed to resist tensile deformation while the matrix of the wall itself is designed to resist compressive deformation. Optionally the inner wall may also be reinforced, but is generally smooth so as to permit easy cleaning by robotic sweepers. In axial section FIG. 15F, the inside waterline is shown to be adjustable by applying an air headspace so as to trim the buoy according to its ballast. The internal wall tubes are generally hollow and may be sealed at both ends to provide for permanent buoyancy, or one or more tubes may be open at one or both ends to provide cable housings, or small diameter seawater uptake tubulations such as for pumping deep water to the surface at higher velocity than would be achievable if the center void was the channel for upwelling (see FIG. 24). The smaller tubes may also be used to jacket yet smaller uptake tubes and provide for heating seawater so as to ensure it spreads on the ocean surface as a plume and does not sink as quickly as it is discharged at the surface if desired. Air lift pumping is also envisaged using internal plumbing of the kind illustrated here.|[0132] FIG. 16 is a schematic of a single buoy with multiple boom platforms (171) at different diameters, held in place by nested cables (172). This form can be used to increase the reflective surface of the installation, and provides a large floating platform for pelagic aquaculture or research on carbon sequestration. In one embodiment, by mobilizing the collar yoke (173) on the central stem (174), fluctuations in the level of the outside rings do not result in excessive strains on the cable supports. Ballast (175) dampens oscillations of the buoy that would otherwise be associated with rough seas, so that the superstructure (176) remains level during transient fluctuations of the waterline.|[0133] Structures of this sort have a positive effect on local marine productivity. It is known that fish associate with floating objects (Hunter J R and C T Mitchell. 1966. Association of fishes with flotsam in the offshore waters of Central America. Fishery Bulletin 66:13-29); however, increases in primary productivity are greater than can be accounted for by clustering of schooling fish around buoys. SRC within the pontoon corral or “boom” result in a sustained bioavailability of trace minerals for primary producers and habitat and surface area for higher trophic levels without use of exogenous chelators. Sustained concentrations of iron(III) in the nM range, for example, exceed the Ksp for iron in seawater—due to natural organic chelators released by organisms (see for example Kuma K et al. 1996. Controls on iron(III) hydroxide solubility in seawater: the influence of pH and natural organic chelators. Limn Oceano 41:396-407; Morel FMM and NM Price. 2003. The biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in the oceans. Science 300:944-47). Because biouptake controls the equilibrium between solubilized iron and the solid phase compositions, even elemental iron may be used as a source of iron in the SCR. Growth of biomass does not result in other elemental deficiencies secondary to consumption of iron because the formulations are typically supplemented with a full range of minerals in a balanced composition. The cables may have an elasticity in order that wear on rigid fittings is minimized, but rigid cables are also useable. Because tensile loads are distributed by multiple cables onto a reinforced ring of the buoy hull, little danger of simultaneous catastrophic failure exists.|[0134] FIG. 17 shows how the buoy platforms can be merged into planar arrays (180). By using large arrays, island-sized floating platforms can be constructed.|[0135] FIG. 18 shows a buoy network (190) of spar buoys (191) interconnected by cables joining a hexagonal planar submerged space frame (192).|[0136] FIG. 19 shows a second buoy network (195) of spar buoys (191) interconnected by cables joining a deep hexagonal submerged space frame (192).|[0137] FIG. 20 shows a surface boundary (191) defining a surface area of an ocean. The boundary is defined by a buoy array or network (198) for fixing the relative geometry of the buoys. For research purposes the boundary encloses an area to be treated such that sedimentary carbon sequestration associated with that area will be measured. In this instance the enclosed area is an abstract mathematic concept useful in calculation primary productivity per unit surface area, and not requirely a physical boundary defined by a boom or some ocean fence.|[0138] FIG. 21 shows in schematic an integrated oceanographic workstation (200) with central spar buoy (201) with superstructure (202), ballast (211), and surrounding float boom (203) supporting, on suspended cables (204) from an adjustable yoke (205), a fully submerged and instrumented toroidal horizontal platform (206) at a level below the “100-Year Horizon”, which by some accounts is 500 meters but can be reasonably approximated by a 100 m. The 100 Year Horizon is a depth at which organic matter, crossing that depth, is not likely resurface during the following century. The elevational dampening of the spar buoy (201) is engineered so that elastic or inelastic tensions on the suspension cables are within acceptable limits during a lifetime of up to 6 months or more. Multiplicity in the design accommodates progressive failure without loss of the instrument packages (207). Periodic cable replacement is assumed, preferably by bringing the instrument assembly and spaceframe up from depth for inspection and maintenance. As an alternative to a rigid toroid (206), a spaceframe of structural elements, for example a tensegrity structure or space-filling truss, can be used to form the horizontal platform. The purpose of the horizontal platform or spaceframe at depth is to provide a means for quantitating net sediment fall or “rain”, including cell aggregates and faecal pellets, through the 100-year horizon and comparing this to gross productivity of the SRC-seeded body of water. Samples of the particle sediment are analyzed for fixed carbon in order to validate carbon sequestration per unit time and to study diurnal or seasonal variations, or the effect of experimental parameters such as nutrient supplementation. A horizontal plane (210) forms the “sampling grid” or “transect line”. In one embodiment, a fine mesh plankton net is stretched across the frame of the toroid, and robotic strainers vacuum up the filtrate at regular time intervals. In another embodiment, lasers and photodiode detectors are used to quantitate particle transits per unit time and particle size in the manner of a particle counter. A field of criss-crossing laser beam particle counters is conceived. Violet blue lasers (e.g. 465 or 472 nm) and green lasers (e.g. 532 or 543 nm) are useful and are selected here because the transparency of water in this wavelength range is reasonably good. Light in the laser beam is scattered by particles intersecting the beam; the time and scattering coefficients correlate with the size of the particle. Stacked spaceframes at different depths are also conceived. By linking multiple buoys together on the surface, the spaceframe can be suspended at multiple attachment points, permitting higher confidence in the determination of sediment fall parameters over the full grid area encompassed by the spaceframe, independent of ocean currents. The annular pontoons also act as wave dampeners for the central spar, increasing stability.|[0139] Outriggers are used to anchor a tubular barrier float boom or ring-like pontoon around a defined surface area of water. SRC are dispersed within the encircling float boom. The outriggers are collapsible and can be drawn up during storms. Gantryways give access out to suspended nets where samples can be taken. A laboratory for sample processing and measurement is provided on an upper deck, with access to a pump room. The pumps are used to control the level of the waterline. An upper observation deck or solar panel installation (212) is mounted above the superstructure along with egress to the gantryways. An antenna (213) with communications device is mounted so that data may be streamed to satellite transceivers during automated operation.|[0140] The buoy serves as both a marine productivity island and an instrument platform. The superstructure may be configured for aquaculture, aquacultural research, or for validation of sedimentary carbon sequestration. This apparatus is useful in a variety of methods which are further embodiments of the invention. Methods of the invention include a method for sequestering fixed carbon below the 100 year horizon of an ocean, which comprises dispersing a buoyant composition on the surface of the ocean, the buoyant composition comprising an inorganic nutrient or nutrient formulation in an inorganic sustained-release matrix, and a light reflective surface or cap that tends to orient itself skyward when floated. Also conceived is a method for increasing planetary albedo by dispersing on the surface of an ocean a composition having a light reflective surface and optionally an inorganic nutrient or nutrients in an inorganic sustained release matrix.|[0141] In another aspect, the compositions and apparatus of the invention more generally are representative of compositions and apparatus for quantitative solar exsolation, where the amount of exsolative energy transferred from the terrestrial surface to a plane above the troposphere (generally taken as the layer of atmosphere extending from the earth's surface to the base of the stratosphere, about 10-16 km above the earth and marked by decreasing temperature as a function of altitude) is quantified and validated. By validating the energy flux or flux rate, for example in units of Joules or Joules per unit time, exsolation credits may be issued. Exsolation credits are financial instruments tied to a specific unit of energy transferred from the earth's surface to a plane above the troposphere, or more preferably above the stratosphere. The amount of energy transferred may be validated by satellite pyrometry or by mathematical modeling based on measurement of a terrestrial reflection and properties of the atmosphere in the path of the reflected light.|[0142] Exsolation credits are disbursed or traded, for example in a commodities market. A market for trading a solar exsolation credit instrument issued by the above apparatus will generally include a computer, the computer comprising a microprocessor, a volatile memory, a non-volatile read-only memory containing instructions for the microprocessor, a database containing records, the records comprising an ask price for a solar exsolation credit instrument and a bid price for a solar exsolation credit instrument, and a user interface for entering and displaying said records. The computer is generally programmed also to execute trades. Optionally a communications port is provided for remotely displaying ask prices, entering bids and confirming trades, as is generally familiar to those familiar with modern commodities markets. However, a market for a commodity, where the commodity is a heat transfer unit, is not a conventional market, and is useful to more fully assess the relative distribution of resources and labor between processes where the social benefit needs to be balanced against a heat output or a greenhouse gas output into the common atmosphere. For example, a process that results in conversion of a higher albedo surface to a lower albedo surface may not be commercially attractive if the total costs of global warming are added to the project; and by placing a cost on an equivalent discharge of heat from the terrestrial surface, the operator of the process has the option of ameliorating the damage only to the extent that the value of the product of the process exceeds the cost of the amelioration. And in this way, processes competing for exsolation credits are brought into a zero net sum market, which is required to be sustainable. Unsustainable processes that result in more heat than is balanced by available exsolative credits will not be profitable and will cease. A market for exsolative credits may be modeled on a “cap and trade” system for carbon credits, and is complementary thereto.|[0143] Similarly, a process that results in greenhouse gases can give rise to a trading system for ameliorating carbon emissions at a cost to the producer. A market for trading a solar exsolation credit instrument issued by the above apparatus will generally include a computer, the computer comprising a microprocessor, a volatile memory, a non-volatile read-only memory containing instructions for the microprocessor, a database containing records, the records comprising an ask price for a solar exsolation credit instrument and a bid price for a solar exsolation credit instrument, and a user interface for entering and displaying said records. The computer is generally programmed also to execute trades. Optionally a communications port is provided for remotely displaying ask prices, entering bids and confirming trades, as is generally familiar to those familiar with modern commodities markets. Again the result is a selection pressure favoring sustainable processes. Not only must the social costs of greenhouse gas production and release be considered, but the global heating and cooling balance must also be considered in tallying social costs of processes, industries and markets that release greenhouse gases. A “cap and trade” system for carbon credits is useful for monetizing carbon sequestration certificates for example.|[0144] Many national strategies seek to limit the rate of growth in the amounts of atmospheric greenhouse gases by emissions trading. Emissions trading is a process whereby specific target emission rates of for example carbon dioxide are set for specific industries. A member of the industry who achieves measured emissions below the target rates may trade the difference on the open market to another who fails to achieve its emission targets. An entity responsible for measured emissions above its target rates may be subject to fines or other sanctions. The objective is to reduce the overall emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, even if the emissions of one particular source are not decreased, or indeed are increased, by ameliorating that environmental damage while giving industries time to adapt and phasing out uncompetitive processes and plants. In the last decade, the effectiveness of this market-based emissions reduction approach as applied to criteria air pollutants in the US has been demonstrated. However, for those industries hard hit to adapt, carbon sequestration certificates resulting from the apparatus and methods of the invention may be made available on an open market to as to prevent short-term job and investment loss.|[0145] The unit of measure of tradable carbon emissions that has been generally accepted is commonly known as the Carbon Emission Reduction Credit, or CERC, which is equivalent to one metric ton of carbon dioxide gas (or other greenhouse gas equivalent) that is not emitted into the earth's atmosphere (emission reduction) or one metric ton of carbon dioxide that is removed from the atmosphere (emission offset) due to a human-caused change. That is, a CERC can be generated for human activities that have occurred since a base year, e.g., 1990, that have resulted in a reduction of business-as-usual emissions of greenhouse gases.|[0146] A market is emerging for trading CERCs, EBCs and other green tags. For example, CERCs can be generated through energy efficiency gains of fossil fuel technology, substitution of biofuels for fossil fuels, or removal of greenhouse gases from industrial gas streams. CERCs also can be generated by sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide into the ocean as described in the present disclosure, including the drawings and the claims.|[0147] FIG. 22 describes a method for issuing validated carbon sequestration as part of remedial geoengineering to remove excess CO2 from the atmosphere. In a first step an array or network of spar buoys is deployed to define a bounded surface area where ocean chemistry and habitat surface area will be modified to increase primary productivity. A buoyant inorganic composition is dispersed within the study area, the composition having a topology with microscopic and macroscopic niches for supporting a complex trophic system. Suspended from the network or array is a space frame defining a 100 Yr horizon such that sedimentation through the space frame will be detected and is representative of fixed carbon that has been effectively removed from the atmosphere for at least a century. The instrumentation for detection of particle sediment is generally mounted on the space frame, and for example can include photodetectors and laser beams for detecting falling particles. Total sedimentation is integrated as sedimentary deadfall per unit time to validate the flux of sequestered carbon crossing the 100 Yr horizon and one or more monetizable or tradable carbon sequestration certificates are issued accordingly.|[0148] FIG. 23A is a schematic view of a column of pelagic water showing use of the spar buoy apparatus (130) of the invention to fertilize the photic zone by circulating deep water to the sea surface. Nutrient-rich water brought to the surface will admix with nutrient-poor surface water, increasing biomass and (at steady state) the flux of fixed carbon falling below the 100 Yr horizon (biological pump/down arrow). The apparatus is generally placed in the open ocean where ocean depths are greater that two or three thousand meters. This ensures that rapidly sedimenting large fecal pellets will reach bottom in one or two days, essentially undigested by mesozooplankton.|[0149] In this view, deep water is shown to rise under pumping action within tubulation associated with the spar buoy and to be discharged at or near the surface, forming a nutrient-rich plume that spreads on the surface and fertilizes the neuston. The pumping action is powered by sustainable energy sources known in the art, such as a solar collector or a windmill. Advantageously, mixing devices such as sprayers may be used to avoid the frequent surface sedimentation that results due to falling rain. Also of interest is salinity and temperature, which can control the sinking (or floatation) of the plume.|[0150] A plot of nutrient level relative to the photic zone is shown. Nutrient levels are generally very low close to the surface and in the photic zone, but increase to essentially a plateau below a depth of about 90 meters or less, depending on turbidity.|[0151] FIG. 23B is a more detailed view illustrating effects of a habitat-enhanced surface plume of nutrient-rich water on trophic levels and sedimentation rates at the surface of an oligotrophic ocean. The presence of a habitat-forming composition supporting higher trophic levels significantly increases the size of sedimentary particles. Whereas picoplankton give rise to a marine snow and opal of microscopic sizes, large copepods and predators give rise to sediment that falls one or two thousand meters per day, ensuring that most reaches the abyss without significant regeneration of inorganic carbon. The speed of descent is also favored by more dense materials, such as coccolith pellets produced by coccolithophorids and calcium carbonate shells produced by foraminifers.|[0152] Habitat enhancement using habitat-forming compositions is conducted in such a way as to avoid high fill factors that would reduce gas exchange. FIG. 13B illustrates one way to prevent the fill factor from approaching unity. FIG. 16 suggests another, where supplemental habitat compositions are dispersed in the area between the outer boundary rings. Spraying upwelled water over a large surface area of the ocean may also be used to maximize CO2 uptake by primary producers. Avoiding excess nutrient concentration will also limit eutrophic conditions, and the invention includes the teaching that habitat-rich compositions may be effective absent supplemental nutrient compositions because of the effects of solid substrate surface area and niche diversification. Habitat enhancement refers to the provision of solid substrate surface area having microscopic and macroscopic niches in a fractal scalar range of sizes that promote formation of multiple trophic levels and food chains, food chains that include larger predators, harvestable fish, crabs and shellfish. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus serves as an artificial reef having daily primary productivity of 1 to 3 gm C/m2/day. Shown here within a defined area around the spar buoy (130) are floating pontoons such as were featured in FIG. 14B, having kelp-like stringers that support fish nurseries and a myriad of microscopic plants and animals. This increased surface area also has a dramatic effect on nutrient chemistry, both by increasing the amounts of native chelators, and also by trapping nutrients in inorganic and organic form on solid surfaces so as to prolong recirculation through the biological food web. In a preferred embodiment, a steady supply of deep water supplied to a habitat-enriched artificial community results in a dramatic increase in oligotrophic epipelagic waters, up by a factor of about 103 from baseline per unit surface area. At steady state this production results in sedimentary deadfall, and by use of habitat compositions, efficiency of sedimentary deadfall in depositing fixed carbon on the ocean bottom can be increased by about ten-fold.|[0153] FIG. 24 is a model of a diaphragm pump for drawing deep water to the surface. The diaphragm is drawn to emphasize the simplicity of the apparatus. Shown here is a section of the stem of the spar buoy (133) showing the partial displacement tube (bottom) and the sealed compartments of the working buoy. A vacuum tank (V) is used in the fill stroke, and an accumulator or pressurized tank (P) is used for the discharge stroke. Compressed air is pumped from the vacuum tank to the accumulator tank using a pump and a series of valves. Water discharged from the diaphragm pump chamber exits the spar buoy at or near the surface. The hydrostatic pressure head is essentially zero, and thus the volume per unit time may be large without requiring much energy. Deep water enters the diaphragm pump assembly through draft tube 250. The energy required for driving pumping may be obtained as solar energy, or most preferably from wind, for example. While this compressed air-driven diaphragm pump is designed for a stroke volume of almost 100 m3/stroke, smaller diaphragm pumps may also be used. Centrifugal and piston pumps are also envisaged and run using sustainable energy sources drawn from the local environment in the open ocean.|[0154] Also shown are pumps for maintaining trim relative to a defined waterline. The partial displacement volume (V2) may be adjusted to control the waterline of the buoy and/or even to provide complete immersion as described below with reference to FIG. 28. Hatches provide entry to the fixed displacement volume areas as needed. In this view, deep water rises in the center tube, but concentrically arranged tubes such as shown in FIG. 15E may also be used to increase the pumping flow velocity and prevent excessive residence times in the tube, which can lead to colonization of internal surfaces; colonization that would require periodic maintenance to remove.|[0155] FIG. 25 is a schematic view of an array (300) of stabilized vertical buoys with windmills (301) mounted on spars, the windmills providing renewable power for pumping nutrient-rich water to the surface. Windmills of this type are resistant to strong winds but optionally may be collapsed during gales or high seas. Renewable energy may also be supplied by solar panels (302) mounted on the superstructure of the spar buoys.|[0156] FIG. 26 diagrammatically outlines steps in a method to continuously supply nutrients to the upper water layers and neuston so as to increase biomass and net carbon sequestration. Habitat supplementation may be provided to ensure higher trophic levels most associated with large carbon flux at steady state, where community flux out equals exceed nutrient flux in. Nutrient rich water is pumped through the spar buoy and discharged at or near the surface. Adjustment of salinity or temperature may be performed as desired. The nutrient supplementation promotes primary productivity in the photic zone and results in an increased sedimentary deadfall. Instruments mounted on a space frame near the bottom of the spar buoy detect and quantitate the falling particles. A flux in units of fixed carbon per unit time is measured and validated. Carbon sequestration certificates are then issued according to the measured carbon flux below the 100 year horizon. This is a continuous process driven by locally-produced renewable energy. Habitat supplementation may include nutrients. Limiting nutrients may be supplied, or nutrients not limiting but provided in excess so as to shape the kind of community that becomes established so as to promote certain kinds of mineralization of carbon, for example.|[0157] This is an elegant solution to the dilemma of the IRONX experiments, where supply of one limiting nutrient creates a downstream plume of waste water that is deficient in all other nutrients, essentially robbing other patches of water of productivity so as to increase productivity within a defined area.|[0158] FIG. 27 defines commonly cited parameters of wave geometry, and rules of thumb for calculation of depth at which turbulence is substantially reduced. In deep water, the orbital motion of a fluid particle in the advancing wavefront is rapidly dampened with increasing depth, and can generally be neglected at half the wavelength (L/2) or at one third the wave height (H/3). Wave power is generally described in kW per meter of wavefront and may range from 0 to 50 or more kW/m, sufficient to pose a structural hazard. However, a low turbulence layer exists immediately below the surface of the open ocean, and submersion of an apparatus of the invention into that low turbulence layer by adjusting the variable displacement component (V2) protects the apparatus from major damage in heavy storm surge or violent winds. The concept is shown in FIG. 28, which demonstrates that partial submersion of the spar buoy (130) can result in a state in which there is essentially no vertical oscillation (small double vertical arrow) whereas surface exposure is associated with oscillations at a harmonic of the wave periodicity (large double vertical arrow). The top end and superstructure (131) of the spar buoy is designed to seal for this application, and the positive displacement volume ensures a generally neutral density. The large dampening mass at the keel of the buoy is also effective in dampening surface oscillations, even at the surface, and also serves as a sea anchor. Alternatively, the apparatus can be submerged using winches anchored to cables on the seafloor or seamounts. Either way, a 20 m or 30 m wave height is withstood by designing the device to submerge below the turbulent upper layer when needed. Interestingly, at a submersion of 30 m or more, the apparatus is also capable of avoiding damage due to collisions from errant shipping traffic. | (US8882552)|CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED PATENT DOCUMENTS|[0001] This application is a continuation in part, and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 120, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/225,885, filed on 6 Sep. 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,535,107, which is a continuation-in-part claiming the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/463,409 filed on May 10, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,033,879, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 12/404,691 filed on Mar. 16, 2009, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part claiming benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/345,661 filed Dec. 29, 2008, now abandoned, which is a non-provisional application claiming benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/009,414, filed Dec. 29, 2007; all said priority documents are incorporated herein in entirety by reference.|(US8882552)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0002] Embodiments of the invention as disclosed here relate to apparatus and methods for increasing marine productivity and marine deep ocean carbon sequestration. Also described are carbon sequestration certificates based on validated removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by an enhanced biological pump.|INTRODUCTION|[0003] Solar radiation striking the Earth's disk is in equilibrium with energy re-radiated as reflected light or as heat at longer wavelengths. The atmosphere traps a great deal of infrared radiation, warming the surface significantly above the black body temperature of the planet, which is a chilly −20° C. However, there can be too much of a good thing. As a result of accumulation of greenhouse gases, we have now entered a period of excess warming. Reversing global warming requires re-adjusting the greenhouse gas composition of the atmosphere—and/or also proportionately removing energy from the planetary heat engine—until the current sharp upturn in global surface temperature is brought to a halt.|[0004] The atmosphere is bidirectionally transparent to light in certain ranges of wavelengths. These ranges are known of as “atmospheric windows”. Reflected light is thus one means to remove incoming solar energy from the planetary heat balance. Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of the planetary surface, and can be measured with satellite-mounted pyrometers. Changes in albedo result in very large scale net changes in the heat energy balance of the planet, and over short time frames. For example, IPCC models are now incorporating the area of solar panel installation worldwide—as an added heat source—into the assumptions for projected global warming, because conventional solar panels have very low albedo and re-radiate about 90% of incident light energy as black body radiation that is trapped by the atmosphere. Decreases in albedo are associated with planetary warming.|[0005] Conversely, increases in planetary albedo are expected to result in global cooling. Deliberate reconfiguration of planetary albedo is not without possible benefit, as evidenced by proposals under the aegis of the National Academy of Sciences to seed the high stratosphere with reflective particles.|[0006] A second means to alter planetary warming is to modify the gas composition. Adding greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide increase global mean temperatures; removing or sequestering them will result in global cooling, ideally to the Goldilocks temperature most conducive to life as we know it.|[0007] The problem is how to achieve a maximal benefit without causing harm. The work here begins with the question as to whether there is merit in “down to earth” geoengineering works to modify albedo and/or carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, and whether this can be done both economically (socio-ecological benefits exceeding direct and incidental costs of resource allocation) and safely. The answer is “yes” on both counts, as will be apparent on consideration of the following.|BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM|[0008] Direct climate intervention strategies on Earth (geoengineering, or more colloquially “terraforming”) have not generally been viewed as a benefit, but more as a hazard. In light of current trends in climatology, it may be necessary to rethink these reservations. For starters, unintended geoengineering is well underway on a massive scale, and there is convincing evidence of anthropogenic causality for climate change. Current anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and cement production is about 7 GtC/yr (7 metric gigatons as carbon) annually and may reach 12 GtC/yr by 2050, with probable net doubling of atmospheric CO2 in the lifetime of our children. This inadvertent geoengineering was inevitable given the greenhouse forcing we have caused by fossil fuel combustion, and the only subject of debate (FIG. 1) is the intensity of its future impact. Among the complications we are seeing today: overpopulation, violence, economic collapse, poverty, deforestation and desertification.|[0009] The scale of the problem is difficult to grasp. Future atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the year 2100 are projected by the IPCC to be in the range of 540 to 970 ppm, compared to only 370 ppm in the year 2000, 400 ppm in the year 2013, and less than 280 ppm before the industrial revolution. Perhaps more impressive than concentration are the pool sizes themselves. Current atmospheric total CO2 is about 750 GtCO2 as mass, a doubling of the 360 GtCO2 in the atmosphere less than 200 years ago.|[0010] Also of interest are the current flux rates. Fossil fuel export to the atmosphere is more than 6 GtC per year at present and is increasing sharply. Of this, about net 2 GtC is being absorbed in the oceans annually (about 30% of the carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion). Since 1800, the ocean has absorbed about 135 GtC carbon dioxide; and has become correspondingly more acidic. Interestingly, higher rates of increase in atmospheric CO2 tend to occur in El Niño years, as would be consistent with a Henry's Constant effect on the atmospheric/marine solubilized carbonate species equilibrium. Currently, the pool size of inorganic carbon in the mesopelagic water column is about 5.4 GtC, ensuring that atmospheric CO2 will continue to rise for centuries, even if fossil fuel combustion is stopped tomorrow.|[0011] In addition, there is a high risk of positive feedback, the so-called “runaway” greenhouse effect. Total CO2 pools incipiently releasable into the atmosphere (from long term sequestered stores in permafrost and methane hydrate deposits) as carbon are measurable in Teratons (i.e. exceeding 1012 tons as carbon). Because these pools are orders of magnitude larger than the existing total atmospheric pool, it should be clear that activities that could cause their release into the atmosphere are likely to result in mass extinctions at all levels of the food chain. The trigger for melting permafrost and release of methane hydrate pools held in place by the ice caps may have already been pulled, but in light of the magnitude of the potential CO2 release, it seems eminently sensible to act quickly to attempt to quickly reverse our present course.|[0012] Yes, we are responsible for these transformations. Total human energy use is measurable in exaJoules (and is about 1000 EJ or 1021 J annually). Of that, about 40% (400 EJ) is currently derived from fossil fuel consumption. Conceptually, a burning candle can be imagined as equivalent to 0.8 J/s, so that the rate of human energy consumption is equivalent to perhaps 50 trillion candles burning simultaneously, or 6,000 candles for every person on the planet, all burning around the clock. More conventionally, the number is about 10-20 MWhr/capita in developed countries, or potentially 1-2 x 1010 MWhr for the global population, assuming a peak population of 9 or 10 billion and a “Western” standard of living. Notwithstanding the population overshoot, clearly the practice of burning anything to meet this kind of energy load is unsustainable, and perhaps the standard of living itself is unsustainable given the population base. Geoengineering is not a small thing to have done by accident, and it will not be a small thing to undo.|[0013] Therefore, there is an urgent need to re-engineer the planetary economy, both by restructuring industry, feedstocks, carbon footprints, and the like, but also by ameliorating ongoing damage to our shared “commons”, the atmosphere and the oceans. This constitutes remedial terraforming, but here is termed “rational geoengineering” to better differentiate the science from the science fiction.|[0014] Rational approaches to geoengineering can be divided into two categories: biological and physical. Among the biological approaches are: carbon sequestration by marine fertilization and terrestrial or marine silviculture. Among the physical approaches are: injection of microparticulate reflectors into the stratosphere (as per the “Pinatubo Effect”); extraterrestrial solar parasols; carbon dioxide storage in geological formations (generally as carbonates); carbon dioxide storage in deep sea lakes (as liquified CO2), and the like. The scale of any such project can be judged by comparison with more conventional alternatives: for example, an immediate roll-out of 6,700 new nuclear power plants (assuming 6.8 GWhr per plant, sufficient enriched uranium, and no waste in electrical distribution) would be required to zero out power consumption derived from fossil fuel alone (fossil fuel consumption is currently about 400 EJ or 4.6 x 107 GWHr annually and rising). At current cost of US$ 10B/plant, construction of an adequate number of nuclear power plants would amount to US$ 65 Trillion in present dollars and would take decades. Currently, less than 500 nuclear power plants are installed worldwide.|[0015] There are alternatives. Solar power is dependent on solar insolation, an essentially free energy source which averages out to about 160 W/m2 (160 J/s/m2) over the surface of the planet. Again taking 400 EJ as the target, replacing today's fossil fuel combustion with photovoltaic cells operating at 10% efficiency would require a solar panel array (or combined equivalent) the size of Venezuela, more than 400,000 km2 if placed equatorially. Also a factor is the heat required for manufacture, such as by the Czochralski process, and periodic replacement of solar panels, capacity for which is practically nonexistent considering the scale. Current solar cell designs radiate heat as black bodies, emitting a great deal of waste heat, so that on the scale envisaged, heat emission from the required surface area of solar cells is likely to reach 2000 EJ annually (assuming 50% conversion to “new” heat), five times the current heat generated from fossil fuel combustion! Like water, conventional solar cells have the albedo of black asphalt. Taking solar insolation at the terrestrial surface as about 45 PW, the incidental heat pollution of the solar panels would be 4% of the overall global surface heat budget. Net flux of heat IN will exceed net heat OUT until a new global surface temperature at equilibrium is reached. The effect would be analogous to removing the high-albedo icesheet from Greenland and replacing it with a low-albedo asphalt surface, but positioned equatorially.|[0016] Measurements in support of a dramatic climate forcing by terrestrial albedo are readily found. In a widely cited paper by Palle (2004, Science 304:1299-1301), an observed decrease in global albedo of 0.02 was associated with an increased global heat budget of 6.8 W/m2, a highly significant increase climatologically. Much of the decrease in global albedo is the result of anthropogenic changes in land use, vegetation, burning of forests, and deposition of soot upon snow. Installation of solar panels has been added to that list.|[0017] Currently, installed wind power on line is about 157 Million MWHr or 0.34% of global demand. The Picken's plan in Texas would add 4,000 MWHr to this total, a rather small amount expected to cost $10 billion. Within a few decades, because of the constancy of wind in Patagonia, more than 1.3 Trillion MWHr per year could be installed, or about 3.2% of global demand. But these areas of sustained strong wind are unusual and the estimates do not factor power losses through an electrical distribution grid or losses in a conversion process to liquid fuel for export.|[0018] Arable land required for biomass energy capture and conversion is estimated at anywhere from 13,700 to 32,000 km2/EJ. To capture the equivalent of 400 EJ, perhaps 8 x 106 km2 must be converted to cropland, an area the size of Australia, or about 5% of the earth's land mass. This does not factor in the overhead energy costs of farming, which should perhaps double the area needed. Currently, about 1.3 x 106 km2 is under cultivation in the US for food crops. So again, the undertaking is beyond enormous—energy crops cannot simply replace food crops worldwide without major sociopolitical consequences. The irreplaceable and unsustainable bounty of readily available fossil fuels simply cannot be overstated.|[0019] Population extinction by economic pressure has also been considered as a solution to the climate dilemma we face, but the social dislocations of such a program pose considerable risks to those who would execute it, no matter what walls are constructed. In an article titled, “Guns beat Green”, writer Naomi Kline, writing in the December 2007 The Nation, shows that market investments favoring a fortress mentality, private security for the wealthy and weapons at the borders, surpassed new investments in sustainable energy technologies. Weapons and security technologies received 6 Billion $US in venture capital in 2007 whereas green technologies received only 4.3 Billion, and the gap has been widening. Peak oil is on the near horizon, consumers are increasingly turning to natural gas, and the consensus in the stock market seems to be that those with the guns will consume the last gallon of gasoline, the last cubic foot of natural gas, and the last bucket of coal! Clearly the betting money is on economic Darwinism to solve the problem of climate change. But can we truly sustain a Maginot Line or Demilitarized Zone in the face of new and greater waves of hungry illegal immigrants at our borders? Can we fortify our communities and not be impacted by a worldwide collapse of democratic values, commodities, currencies, and access to markets such as we are now seeing?|[0020] Clearly, no single program is feasible at the scale required. Conservation efforts, for example business metrics based on “carbon footprint”, are laudible but not yet up to the Draconian task required to eliminate 400 EJ from the annual global energy budget. Although comforting, and in the short term profitable to some, recent innovations in carbon trading are far from meaningful net reductions, and are in fact a sort of shell game that in all likelihood attempts to obfuscate the scope of the problem in the name of corporate public relations.|[0021] Alternatives to the handling of fossil fuels have also been proposed. What is euphemistically termed “clean coal” technology, for example, proposes to inject by-product CO2 from coal gasification or power production into sub-terrestrial strata such as depleted oil fields. While this sounds attractive, the changes in albedo and atmospheric CO2 resulting from use of coal are more likely than not to result in a net planetary heat gain and is unsustainable.|[0022] Finally, business as usual is clearly not an option, such a course posing unacceptable hazards and burdens for future generations. Part of the problem relates to the reluctance of human societies to put a value on the commons, for example a tax or “debit” for use of the atmosphere as a “sink” for CO2 (and heat) generated by an industrial process. Heat can also be considered a waste, and while it may be convenient for the polluter to dump it into the atmosphere or an ocean, there may be a social cost or lost benefit not currently taken into account in our economic balance sheets. Exacting payment for heat disposal would be difficult however, excepting contracting to a Maxwell's Demon, unless there was a way to actively transport net heat from the planet and “credits” for that ameliorative process could be issued and traded. As discussed here, such a system is not impossible, but requires engineering deliberate increases in terrestrial albedo, and in the short term, reductions in atmospheric CO2.|[0023] Can/will the greenhouse effect be slowed down? FIG. 1 suggests the current trend in global mean temperature, which is tied closely to CO2 release into the atmosphere. Note that 2100 does not bring a plateau in the relentless rise in global mean temperature that started in the late 20th century, and we are again forced to ask whether our lifestyle presages retreat of temperate climate zones poleward, deforestation by fire and insect population explosions, and mass extinctions.|[0024] In addition to combustion of fossil fuels, other sources of greenhouse gases must be considered. Pre-industrially, deforestation accounted for about 75% of the total annual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, but is now only about 20%, having been swamped by rising fossil fuel combustion. Globally, the four activities responsible for most CO2 emissions are: 1) fossil fuel combustion, 2) deforestation, 3) agriculture and 4) manufacture of Portland cement.|[0025] Conversion of native ecosystems to cropland or pasture continues to be associated with both soil deterioration and release from soil humus of up to perhaps 1.5 Tt of sequestered carbon, an ongoing process. Remaining fossil fuel reserves, importantly including coal, are estimated at over 5 Tt C (18 Tt CO2), and most of this is being developed or evaluated for “exploitation”, perhaps understandably given the market premium placed on the value of gasoline, which is only likely to rise. Not surprisingly then, use of fossil fuel reserves seems to be accelerating. Psychology is a critical factor confounding the hard science of global warming, and there will be a need for temporary relief, a cooling off period, so that the reality of the situation can be fully assimilated and a sober commitment to a sustainable future can be engendered.|[0026] There had been an expectation for some time that a negative feedback mechanism in global climate would emerge, a sort of “Gaia-effect”, perhaps in the form of increased oceanic albedo through cloud condensation nucleii as proposed by Robert Charlson of the University of Washington in 1987 (Nature 326:655-61). However, we can also expect the opposite—positive feedback effects. One such example is found in the expected effects of a meltdown of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Accounting for the rebound of the Earth's crust following relief from the weight of the ice sheet, and resulting shift in polar axis of rotation, the predicted 5 m sea level rise is expected to be even higher, perhaps 6.3 m, in the northern hemisphere, where the bulk of the continents are located (Mitrovica, J X et al. 2009. The sea level fingerprint of West Antarctic collapse. Science 323:753). Increased ocean surface area resulting from continental flooding can be expected to dramatically reduce global albedo over large areas, in aggregate reducing reflected heat and increasing the temperature “set point” of the planet. A similar positive-feedback potential of carbon release from permafrost and methane hydrates (pool size >1 TtC) has already been mentioned. No deux-ex-machina to cool the planet can be relied on; it appears we are on our own.|[0027] Divine intervention aside, an exponential reverse J-curve in economic activity and population is the more likely negative feedback we can expect in the short term. Deceases in human activity have been associated with periods of relief. For example, changes in agriculture and silviculture practice across northern Asia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union resulted in measurable decreases in radiative forcing due to greenhouse gas heating (i.e., decreases in livestock husbandry resulting in decreased production of methane) and increases in forest carbon dioxide sinks (by decreases in timber harvesting). Ruddiman has proposed a related argument associating cooling trends observed following first contact of Europeans and Native Americans. Similarly, slowing of global economic activity due to the 2008-2013 banking crisis will likely be shown to have reduced carbon dioxide output. At the very least, a decrease in carbon dioxide output and global warming superimposed on a downturn in human economic activity will relieve any lingering doubts in the minds of planners that greenhouse warming is anthropogenic at its belly button.|[0028] Thus by the process of elimination of alternatives recited here, geoengineering must be seriously considered as part of any comprehensive effort to solve the problem—absent any compelling argument to the contrary. Two arguments against rational geoengineering are commonly made. First that the ecological risks are unacceptable. Second that any ameliorative action taken would ease the pressure to make the hard decisions needed to develop a sustainable energy economy. Both these arguments will likely wilt when and if global warming enters a “runaway” phase. Arguments about ecological risk must seem hypocritical even now given the reckless behaviors that have produced the crisis. In short, it seems inevitable that resistance to rational terraforming will evaporate when temperatures or sea level spikes sharply. Therefore the “roll-out” of any terraforming device must have a short lead time and quickly become effective. It is reasonable to want to prepare for this while organized economic activity on a global scale is still possible. Preliminary studies undertaken at this time, undertaken to ensure that an effective response will be available when the political urgency becomes compelling, seem entirely defensible and in fact of the highest priority.|[0029] A worst case acute meltdown and global temperature spike would likely be marked by a sharp upturn in fossil fuel combustion emissions and then a generational declining standard of living: simply because the costs of adapting to planetary ecosystem disruption will be so high. More optimistically, the crisis could spike and then correct itself through adoption of new technologies over several decades, peaking sometime between 2020 and 2050—maybe. Optimally, a geoengineering device and method for amelioration of the global heat budget and greenhouse effect might be required for a few years or a decade to blunt peak emissions, following which we ultimately make more sustainable choices for powering a quality of life for all. Thus a geoengineering apparatus or process would thus simply be a means for gaining the time needed for committed change, and conveniently, would then dissipate and vanish without further intervention, or could be turned off or redirected. In this view, rational geoengineering is seen not as an artifice to evade, but rather as a potential borrowing of time to face an incipient crisis and make the necessary changes.|[0030] One geoengineering proposal has emerged as feasible, economical, and likely to be effective, albeit with uncertain collateral consequences. In the Pinatubo eruption, approximately 10 Mt sulfur as a SO2-rich aerosol was transported to stratospheric levels above 30 km. The plume, covering a band of some 125,000 km2, reduced global insolation, when measured 6 months later, by about 4.5 W/m2 (or global mean average of about 3%). Mean global temperature dropped by about 0.5 degrees Celsius (0.9° F.) for over a year following the eruption. A similar impact was seen after the El Chichon eruption of 1982 and after Tambora, another stratovolcano, in 1816, which was followed by a “year without a summer” and crop failures in Europe. Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen has published a thumbnail feasibility study for NASA-assisted injection of nanoparticles into the stratosphere, offering to mimic the beneficial cooling effect that follows stratovolcanos. (see www.deas.harvard.edu/climate/pdf/2006/Crutzen2006.pdf). In short, a significant increase in planetary albedo can be achieved by any party possessing the capacity to lift 100 Mt of volcanic ash into the stratosphere, purportedly a relatively cheap proposition. The “Pinatubo Effect” as it is now called, was equivalent to 0.75 W/m2 in reduced insolation. However, sulfur dioxide attacks ozone and precipitates as acid rain. A better choice of aerosol might be microparticulate olivine, mica, or diatomaceous earth, which are available in abundance. But doubts as to the feasibility and safety persist.|[0031] Some work toward marine geoengineering was initiated on a small scale as early as 1993, and the results have been confirmed in numerous subsequent studies. As set forth in detail at www.palomar.edu/oceanography/iron.htm (accessed 30 Jan. 2007), the IronEx I research vessel Columbus Iselin set out to sea in 1993 fitted with a portable laboratory and loaded with 21 barrels of blue-green iron granules (about 0.5 t of ferric sulfate). The mineral was dissolved in seawater at the test site and dispersed in a location SW of the Galopagos Islands. Application resulted in increase of iron from about 20-50 pM to about 1-2 nM and a three-fold increase in phytoplankton (measured as chlorophyll) in the treated area. The biological enrichment resulted in transient sequestration of about 300 t carbon dioxide over a two week period but was complicated by unexpected surface stratification. This experiment generated a tremendous debate and was repeated in 1995, with yet better results, stimulating a 30 x increase in surface chlorophyll, principally in the form of diatoms, but also higher trophic levels, as had been predicted. An estimated 9,100 t of carbon dioxide was drawn down. Encouragingly, follow up work has not demonstrated significant collateral production of NOX or methane.|[0032] The effort was originated in 1986 by John Martin of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, and was first disclosed in response to a presentation by Bruce Frost of the University of Washington, who had noted that some ocean areas were unexpectedly phytoplankton poor (the “high-nitrate/low chlorophyll” oceans), for example the Pacific equatorial belt extending east from Irian Jaya to Peru and the roaring 40's, the belt of water surrounding Antarctica. Martin had suggested that biological productivity was limited by iron availability, and that iron fertilization would result in a phytoplankton bloom and could be used as a means to reduce the greenhouse effect (which was already well understood in scientific circles by the 1980's) by sequestering carbon dioxide. See for example, Martin et al. 1990. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5:1-13 and discussions [www.palomar.edu/oceanography/iron.htm] of the period. Use of marine fertilization with iron to stimulate marine productivity and sequester CO2 is thus not a novel concept and a first full, clear and definite conception was articulated in the mid-1980s.|[0033] In the second Iron-Ex expedition, in 1996, headed by Kenneth Coale, it was noted that the redox state of the inorganic iron was important, ferric iron precipitating rapidly as the hydroxide and exiting the photic zone. Nonetheless, a dense and somewhat anoxic phytoplankton bloom was observed and documented.|[0034] Other experiments of this same kind have since been published (see Tsuda A et al. 2003. A mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific induces a large centric diatom bloom. Science 3009:58-61; Markels and Barber. 2001. Sequestration of CO2 by ocean fertilization. Poster Presentation for NETL Conference on Carbon Sequestration; Boyd P W et al. 2000. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature. 407:695-702; Coale K H et al. 2004. Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment: carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters. Science 304:408-14; Boyd P W et al. 2004. The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom. Nature 428:549-53). A total of 12 experiments were recently reviewed by Boyd (Boyd P W et al. 2007. Mesoscale iron enrichment experiments 1993-2005: synthesis and future directions. Science 315:612-7). A newsworthy update was recently published in Science (318:1368-70, 2008).|[0035] Patent literature has also accumulated, beginning with a 28 Apr. 1994 filing by Markels (U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,173), which claimed a method for first measuring nutrients in seawater, of then adding any missing nutrients to the seawater, and finally harvesting the increased production as seafood. Use of a “float material” such as rice hulls, wheat chaff, ground corn cobs [and] peanut hulls was proposed as a form of fertilizer that would dissolve in the surface over a period of days, or perhaps as long as a week. The detailed description involved shipboard pumping of a liquid fertilizer composed primarily of iron with some phosphates and nitrates, and disclosed “that almost certainly algae will grow”. It can be said that John Martin unequivocably articulated that same assertion almost a decade earlier. Markels' patent was awarded with narrow claims.|[0036] This was followed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,535,701, which cited one of the Martin papers (Martin et al. 1994. Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 371:123-129). In the second filing, the method was supplemented by further providing a nitrogen-fixing organism with the fertilizer. As examples of compositions for such use of fertilizers, starch mixtures with iron were suggested. Compositions were again not claimed.|[0037] In U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,087, Markels claimed a method for increasing seafood production, where the fertilizer contains iron in a chelated form so that the iron does not precipitate from the photic zone as hydroxides. Compositions for the method were disclosed. The compositions included binders such as plastic, wax, or starch to provide timed release over two weeks of the fertilizer, and a plastic pellet matrix compounded to float by attaching the fertilizing matrix to a float material such as glass bubbles, plastic foam, or by introducing gas bubbles into the fertilizer pellets during manufacture. The matrix selected for attaching the fertilizing elements to the float element or for introducing gas bubbles into the fertilizer pellets was taught to be a plastic matrix, or optionally a wax (Col 4 lines 48-65). Again the timed release matrix disclosed was selected to dissolve in two weeks or less, and in subsequent disclosures, pulse fertilization at intervals greater than 30 days was reported as preferable.|[0038] In 2000 and 2002, two US patents issued to Markels claiming methods for sequestering carbon dioxide by ocean fertilization. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,919 the steps of the claimed method involve testing to identify a missing nutrient, applying a fertilizer to supply the nutrient, limiting the bloom by applying the fertilizer in pulses, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. Pulse application at intervals of greater than 30 days (see independent claims 1 and 15) was taught to limit anoxia in the phytoplankton blooms. It is known that micrograzing and eutrophication result in lessened carbon sequestration.|[0039] In U.S. Pat. No. 6,440,367, methods of applying iron chelates to the ocean were claimed for sequestration of carbon dioxide. Disclosed was an iron:lignin chelate. In this case, and all such related cases, the teachings teach away from the use of the less expensive insoluble mineral forms, which would be expected to precipitate if mixed into the ocean—an unsolved problem.|[0040] US Patent Appl. 2002/0023593 relates again to methods of increasing seafood production. Claims 1, 10 and 14 summarize the relevant teachings as to compositions: [a method wherein] first, iron is to be supplied as a chelate, and secondly, “said second fertilizer is in the form of pellets, and said pellets comprise a float material selected from gas bubbles and/or low density materials, and said pellets further comprise a binder selected from plastic, wax, high molecular weight starch, or a combination thereof”. Any such composition consists of an organic binder, a float material, and an iron chelate, but note that the claims relate strictly to methods, and that in all the claims in this series, the steps are always to measure the nutrient concentrations in seawater, to determine the limiting nutrient, and then to supply that nutrient, the substance of what John Martin had proposed for iron-poor oceans. A method in which the limiting nutrient is not measured is not claimed, although most scientists would be reluctant not to collect baseline data before undertaking iron enrichment as a matter of ordinary skill in the art. Also not conceived was a method in which non-limiting nutrients were added, for example so as to favor certain communities over others.|[0041] As for compositions, the methods of the prior art teach solubilized minerals, chelates, and a narrow genus of pellet matrices selected from the list of organic chemicals consisting of plastic, wax, and starch. All such pellets contain an organic binder. However, selection of an organic matrix is problematic in that the named materials are responsible for very high levels of biological oxygen demand, starch for example, thus promoting the growth of heterotrophs, particularly bacteria not native to the pelagic ocean, which will certainly exacerbate oxygen depletion in the underlying water and reduce carbon sequestration by resolubilizing any carbon dioxide fixed by primary producers. Plastic materials are also a major pollutant in the world's oceans and typically contain carcinogenic plasticizers. Wax is not expected to form monodisperse sustained-release pellets absent a surfactant and is difficult to handle. Other objections to the selections taught by Markels could be elaborated here. Organic binders will likely have a highly negative effect on ocean surface chemistry by disintegrating into short chain oils and organic polymers, and thus displacing native surfactants, chelators, siderophores, and the like from the neuston, which is a critical environment in pelagic ocean biology.|[0042] Similar problems are found with organic materials as a genus, such as the rice crispies and peanut hulls proposed as float materials. While the use of “glass bubbles” as a float material is attractive, current supplies of hollow glass microspheres, as the term “bubble” would be understood by one skilled in the arts, are expensive and the Markels disclosures teach an organic binder or matrix selected from plastic, wax and starch wherein the glass bubbles are added to the matrix solely for buoyancy.|[0043] The work to date has also been criticized by others because supplementation with the limiting nutrient in one area will necessarily deplete the water body of other nutrients, which then become limiting as the water body moves out of the test area. In other words, while some hope to profit by fertilizing within a fence, the profit is robbed from areas outside the fence, a classical retelling of the tragedy of the commons. As an example, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,063, where the problem is made transparent. The method of first measuring limiting nutrient concentrations in a body of water and then supplementing that body of water with an excess of the most needed nutrient or nutrients is thus fundamentally flawed, and increases productivity in the test site by robbing the productivity of adjoining areas. To the extent that this is also the Martin Iron Hypothesis, the hypothesis has been highly instructive and successful, but is flawed as a method for rational geoengineering.|[0044] In short, the prior art has taught inter alia that higher bioavailability of the nutrient supplement is preferable, that formation of insoluble hydroxides of metals is unfavorable and is prevented by chelation, and that pulse administration is necessary to prevent eutrophic blooms. But what if there was a better way?|[0045] There remains a need for a composition of a marine fertilizer formulated to overcome the above disadvantages and to provide for sustained release of a balanced palette of micronutrients over a growing season or more. Such a composition may be of benefit in increasing harvestable species while also sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. Valuable characteristics of such a composition include provision of increased surface area for habitat, providing spatial richness of niches as well as a nutritive leachate (noting that surface chemistry and biochemistry is sufficient, i.e. not requiring exogenous chelators, to ensure that bioactive mineral forms are released at equilibrium rates for uptake). Changes in redox species of a mineral are achieved simply by supplying a surface on which they may be bound, eliminating the need for what is meant in the chemical art by “chelators”. Because surfaces alone also result in “passive” shifts in the equilibrium concentrations of the redox species toward slow sustained release of soluble species and further supply habitat niches for microbiota that further modify the release of those mineral species as native organic complexes, accumulation of biomass is highly favored. This biomass can result in macro-sedimentation or can be harvested, or a combination of both, and is net new production. In preferred forms, these compositions are buoyant to ensure a T0.5 of greater than 3-6 months in the photic zone and are optionally reflective on a skyward surface so as to provide immediate SST cooling. Light is not limiting except seasonally at polar latitudes!|[0046] An area of particular interest involves the design of nutrient formulations to promote the growth of particular community foodchains and the associated primary producers. For CO2 sequestration, for example, it may be preferable to select a formulation that promotes the growth of coccolithophorids in preference to diatoms. Phaeocystis antarctica takes up twice as much CO2 per mole of PO4 removed than do diatoms, it has been reported. Foraminifera deposit calcium carbonate shells, a preferred sequestration and deposition mineral. Optionally, for cloud formation (termed here “kumogenesis”), it may be useful to increase dimethylsulfide production by selection of an enrichment medium that increases expression of the prymnesiophyte-microzooplankton envirotype (see Boyd P W et al. 2000. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar southern ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 407:695-702). At some surface fill factors, gas exchange is reduced, but this can be adjusted or even overcome by physical design of the formulation. Referring again to the CLAW hypothesis formulated by Charlson, Lovelok, Andreae and Warren (Nature 326:655-661, 1987): dimethylsulfide (DMS) is thought to play a role in regulating the temperature of the planet by regulation of kumogenesis and associated cloud albedo. Dimethylsulfonio-propionate (DMSP) is biologically converted to DMS (a volatile compound), the main source of organic sulfur in the atmosphere above the oceans. Phytoplankton produce DMS that escapes into the atmosphere where it is oxidized to sulfuric acid, which acts as a nucleus for the condensation of water, and ultimately contributes to the albedo of the planet. According to the hypothesis, when cloud albedo increases, less solar radiation reaches the microbial plankton populations resulting in less photosynthesis and less DMS production, thereby creating a feedback loop that modulates the Earth's temperature [not allowing for the limiting effects of nutrients other than sulfur, which must complicate the model]. Experiments have shown that if the mixed layer depth is very shallow, then almost 100% of DMSP is converted into DMS, and as the mixed layer depth increases this value goes down. Using the mixed layer depth, chlorophyll concentrations and the DMS relationship, predicted DMS concentrations were nicely correlated with the real DMS concentrations in work by Rafel Simó and colleagues reported in Nature in 1999.|[0047] Provision of habitat in the form of bioactive surface area also has the effect of increasing trophic levels in rough proportion to the area and niche size of the habitat, a scalar porosity factor with a fractal dimension.|[0048] In contrast, current solution fertilization methods result in increases in dissolved organic carbon, picoplankton and, if sustained, bloom populations of micro-grazers such as copepods with associated anoxia and collapse of active photosynthesis. Any increases in CO2 uptake are transitory.|[0049] In the oligotropic ocean, picoplankton predominate. The fecal sediment fall is thus a “micro-sediment” with poor sedimentation characteristics that is rapidly re-solubilized as CO2 and organic acids by the action of heterotrophs. Regeneration of CO2 continues into the mesopelagic zone due to the slow descent and long residence time of the microparticles. It is well established that pelagic “microzooplankton” are the principal grazers on marine phytoplankton (Billett, D et al. 1983. Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos. Nature 302:520-522; Ryther, J H. 1969. Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. Science 166:72-76; Falkowski, P G et al. 2000. The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of the Earth as a system. Science 290:291-294; Turner, J T et al. 2000. Accumulation of red tide toxins in larger size fractions of zooplankton assemblages from Massachusetts Bay, USA. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 203:95-107; Smayda, T J. 1970. The suspension and sinking of phytoplankton in the sea. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 8:353-414; Irwin A J et al. 2006. Scaling-up from nutrient physiology to the size-structure of phytoplankton communities. J Plankton Res 28:459-471; Richardson, T. and Jackson, G. 2007. Small phytoplankton and carbon export from the surface ocean. Science, 315:838; Zarauz L et al. 2009. Changes in plankton size structure and composition, during the generation of a phytoplankton bloom, in the central Cantabrian sea. J Plankton Res 31:193-207). Micro-sediment sinks more slowly and is more likely to be re-solubilized. The result is that relatively little micro-sediment crosses the “100-Year Horizon” at depth as required for permanent sequestration and a significant fraction of inorganic carbon accumulates in the mesopelagic zone.|[0050] As disclosed here, this can be seen principally as an effect of habitat size, and the primary geoengineering intervention that can increase the size and quantity of sediment is not nutrient level but is instead habitat size and complexity, which effectively correlates with size of organism, number of trophic levels, and size and speed of sedimentary deadfall due to larger particle size. With provision for habitat and nutrient levels capable of supporting higher trophic levels as taught here, “macro-sediment” is obtained, and there are associated significant increases in CO2-derived organic matter descending below the 100-Year Horizon. Not only is net productivity increased, but the quality of the deep ocean fixed carbon efflux (or “biological pump”) is improved.|[0051] Ocean productivity in the form of net biological carbon assimilation is variously estimated at 36-48 GtC/yr, globally in aggregate, an impressive number. This marine productivity is about half of all global productivity, but is spread over an area of about 361 x 106 km2 (almost three times the area of terrestrial ecosystems). Blooms can yield 50 gm/m2/day of new fixed carbon but it is more typical to encounter oceans where productivity is on the order of 3-5 gm/m2/yr. Corridors of higher productivity tend to be localized, geographically limited, and seasonal (such as coastal upwelling or at the equator) and a method for increasing productivity in less productive areas of the ocean has been long sought. As discussed above, nutrient limitation is the primary throttle on marine productivity over much of this “ocean desert” and habitat is the key to increasing sediment size. The effect can be dramatic, while current sequestration flux to the benthos in the form of “marine snow” and fecal pellets may be on the order of 0.43 GtC/yr out of global marine productivity of 50 GtC/yr (with an open ocean component of 10 GtC/yr), less than 10% of pelagic sediment actually reaches the ocean floor. Sinking rates for coccoliths in pellet form are 160 m/day versus 0.15 m/day for the discrete coccoliths; and fecal pellets sink at rates up to 2000 m/day [Huneke H and R Henrich. 2011. Pelagic sedimentation in modern and ancient oceans. In, Deep-Sea Sediments. Huneke and Mulder (eds) Dev Sedimentology 63, page 222-231]. Thus, although current open ocean output as a sink for fixed carbon of 0.4 GtC/yr compares poorly to an annualized human carbon output equivalent to 6-7 GtC/yr, any endeavor that increased surface steady state sediment production from 0.001 gm/m2/day to 1 or 3 gm/m2/day (a 103-fold increase) in a form that sediments rapidly is expected to have a dramatic planetary cooling effect in a short period of time if deployed over sufficient surface area. Biological communities such as eelgrass and coral reefs having stable productivity of 1-3 gm/m2/day are readily identified. On the scale of industrial production, devices of the invention covering 150,000 km2 or 300,000 km2 (somewhere around the size of Wyoming) may be contemplated at a cost that is substantially less than the alternatives.|[0052] The compositions and methods of the present invention bring welcome synergy to convergent interests: global warming, marine productivity, and carbon sequestration. A combination of modalities—modification of global albedo and enhancements in marine productivity with associated increases in sedimentary lithification of atmospheric CO2—addresses the global climate crisis in multiple ways. There is a need for geoengineering that overcomes the dangers and difficulties discussed in the introductory remarks here, at a scale likely to have a significant impact on the global energy balance, while further providing some added economic benefit in the form of commodities or carbon credits so as to have a measurable incentive for implementation. Needed is a solution with a near-instantaneous effect that is readily measurable in direct physical terms, is rapidly deployable, and yet can be allowed to dissipate or vanish of a timescale of one or more years following implementation, without further intervention. In short, as will be shown here, reflective forced cooling of the planet is a plausible answer to the problem of global warming and can be fitted into a business model with appropriate incentives. Similarly, geoengineering of the atmosphere by marine sequestration of carbon dioxide at depth is also doable and can be incentivized for investment. Devices, methods and means for achieving these ends are aspects of the invention as laid open herein.|SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE|[0053] It is clear that prior art efforts at fertilization of the sea have focused on high bioavailability—unnecessarily. A healthy neuston provides an excess of chelators, why add EDTA? The prior art teaches against application of elemental iron because iron forms hydroxides that rapidly precipitate out of the photic zone. But must elemental iron necessarily precipitate from the photic zone? These tenants of the prior art, and others, are challenged here.|[0054] Prior art efforts have sought to drive marine productivity by increasing the concentration of select essential elements, primarily iron, but have taken no notice of the effect of solid:water interface on partition coefficients, solubility constants, and biological activity. Merely increasing surface area in the ocean, absent any other effort, is sufficient to stimulate accumulation of biomass. The right combination of new surface area and increased nutrient supply, over an extended period of time, will result in superior performance of any biological system. More complex ecosystems are more stable and more productive over time. Complexity is both richness in trophic levels and in spatial niches, the fractal dimensions of Nature.|[0055] Described here in a first embodiment are compositions, apparatus, and methods for biological and physical geoengineering. Disclosed are buoyant inorganic particles, prill, pucks, or floats having several properties: 1) a sustained-release composition for delivery of nutrients and minerals selected from iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium, nickel, vanadium, silicon, boron, cadmium, selenium, sulfur, inorganic nitrogen, and phosphate, resulting in increased biological productivity (ie. food), while synergically, 2) the compositions increase surface area for biochemical and photosynthetic activity in the neuston (ie. uptake of carbon dioxide), and 3) the compositions comprise a light-reflective skyward surface for increasing albedo when applied to bodies of water and are buoyant. These compositions are found to A) increase the potential for pelagic aquaculture, B) increase validated carbon sequestration and lithification, and C) provide some immediate relief from global warming by directly increasing planetary reflection and indirectly by increasing cloud nucleation activity. An installation in one location can influence albedo downwind in other segments of the atmosphere by kumogenesis. Preferred compositions are buoyant, essentially inorganic, and light reflective. A preferred composition comprises a mixture of inorganic salts and binders (such as an inorganic glass) effective for increasing the growth of primary aquatic ecosystems such as coccolithophorids, diatoms, silicoflagellates, dinoflagellates, and microalgae (so-called “picoplankton”) in a sustained-release composition having a T0.5 of 0.5-3 years. Validation apparatus for assessing CO2 sequestration are illustrated, and include vertical spar buoys designed to resist wave action while providing a stable long-term platform for “big science” oceanography—supporting at depths an instrument package with field of laser particle counters for measuring the CO2 biological pump effect of sediment fall past the 100-Year Horizon, while not limited thereto.|[0056] These considerations have been unappreciated. In the dire situation in which we find ourselves, the goal must be not short term profit, but the long term productivity of the ocean at sustainable levels, with a significant part of that productivity diverted to carbon sequestration at the ocean bottom and in deep sea currents having circulation times measured in centuries. Therefore, it is appropriate to design and optimize sustained release compositions the half-life of which is measured in months or years, not days or even weeks. Such matrices are necessarily “stone-like” in nature—inorganic—and buoyant in water, an unlikely natural combination. But not impossible. There is added benefit by forming matrices having complex fractal surface topology at microscopic and macroscopic scales. In a preferred embodiment, the skyward facets of these compositions are reflective, thereby instantly modulating the albedo of the body of water upon which they are deployed. In other preferred embodiments, the matrices form habitat to support primary producers and complex foodchains, resulting in macro-sediment that rapidly falls to the ocean floor.|[0057] The geoengineering devices and processes disclosed here combine biological and physical means for reducing global warming, increasing oceanic productivity, and are readily deployed on ocean surfaces. In one aspect, the invention is an inorganic, buoyant material for sustained release of a balanced mineral fertilizer. The fertilizer is balanced with trace and macro minerals and nutrients to support photoautotrophic growth where CO2 is the principle source of carbon. By sustained release, a half-life T0.5 of 0.5 to 3 years is contemplated. Mineraline compositions of the invention include compositions of iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc with trace amounts of copper, molybdate, manganese, cobalt, chromium, borate, selenium, vanadium, and nickel, optionally supplemented with inorganic nitrogen such as nitrate, with phosphate, with sulfur or sulfates, and with blowgas enriched in CO2, or other source of carbonates. Siliceous material is also a useful supplement for some target populations. The compositions take the form of a prill, a puck, a pontoon, or a buoy, forms referred here generically as “sustained release compositions” (SRC).|[0058] In another embodiment, the invention is a method for conveying nutrient-rich water from below the photic zone to the ocean surface using renewable energy for pumping. Advantageously, deep water is well balanced in nutrient composition to support active photosynthesis. In a typical transect with depth, the profile of iron concentration will vary from 0.03 nM Fe at the surface to 0.1 nM at 100 m, to 80 nM at 250 m, and to 125 nM at 500 m, where a plateau is reached. Thus significant benefit is obtained by pumping water from below 100 m to the surface. Because water rises in a pipe to seek its own level, pumping resistance is not a factor of head height so much as it is resistance to pipe flow. Relatively low energy input is needed.|[0059] In another aspect, the invention is a buoy or buoy array for scientific investigation of the effects of the above compositions on albedo and on carbon sequestration in an aquatic environment. The buoy floats with an extended vertical axis for stability independent of wave height and supports a surface platform for instrumentation and pumps for controlling depth. The buoy may be associated with one or more rigid or semi-rigid rings which serve as restraints to disperse floating habitat. In another aspect, the buoy is a platform for aquaculture. Elements of the platform are equipped with active and passive buoyancy means and are submersible in the event of major storms or swells.|[0060] In another aspect, the invention is an apparatus for emitting a unit quantity of solar exsolation measurable in Joules from a terrestrial reflective surface to a plane above the upper terminus of the troposphere, wherein a solar exsolation credit instrument equal to the unit quantity of solar exsolation is produced and validated by the apparatus. Solar exsolation credits produced are optionally traded in a market or otherwise dispensed as credits against energy consumption, heat outputs associated with energy consumption, or greenhouse gas emission. A market for trading a solar exsolation credit will generally comprise a means for tracking and displaying an ask price and a bid price, and a means for executing trades such as are known in commodities markets. Other aspects of the invention will be apparent as discussed below.|[0061] In yet another aspect, the invention is a continuous method for extracting carbon dioxide from the air and exporting it as fixed carbon to the oceanic abyss below the 100 year horizon. A means for creating a credible market for trading validated carbon credits is demonstrated.|Global Scale Feasibility Calculations|1. Albedo|[0062] It has been shown experimentally that increases in albedo can force large scale local cooling. In a recent publication, Campra (2008, J Geophys Res 113:1-10) reported a long term study of 26,000 hectares in southern Spain, where installation of greenhouses, in what is described as “a continuous greenhouse-covered surface,” has resulted in a positive increase in albedo of about 0.1. This increased albedo was associated with reflective heat transfer averaging −20 W/m2 (i.e., cooling) by MODIS satellite infrarometry. Aerial photos confirm that the surface is extensively whitened by whitewashing the glass roofs of the structures. Terrestrial solar radiation IN is about 340 W/m2; therefore a reflective component of 20 W/m2 OUT is highly significant if integrated over a large enough surface area.|[0063] In short, surface albedo can be used to reverse global warming. A plume of floating pelagic reflective pucks, dispersed across the equatorial oceans over an area of 2.2 x 106 km2, a surface area the size of Greenland, and resulting in a change in albedo of +0.1, will result in perceptible global cooling in a matter of days or weeks, as can be verified by MODIS satellite infrarometry. Taking global surface insolation at 45 PW, the net effect of 20 W/m2 forced cooling by reflection to space over this surface area (44 GW) is an essentially instantaneous −0.1% change in the global surface net energy balance.|[0064] Interestingly, assuming a total urban landscape of about 2.2 x 106 km2 and an increase in albedo of just 10% (as by whitewashing all roofs and roads or by installing white vinyl roofing and high albedo pavement), a similar degree of cooling will be achieved. Thus an apparatus for achieving solar exsolation will include a reflective surface and a means for validating the amount of solar exsolation. The dispersable reflective compositions disclosed here have multiplier effects: increasing albedo, increasing marine productivity, and increasing sedimentary deadfall.|2. Marine Sedimentary Sequestration|[0065] Enhancement of annualized pelagic sedimentary deadfall in an oligotropic ocean site selected for research is expected to increase from 0.0001 gm/m2/day (reaching the seafloor) to 3 gm/m2/day. Assuming an installation of 360,000 km2, sequestered carbon increases from 0.00001 GtC/m2/yr to 0.4 GtC/m2/yr as fixed carbon sedimented below the 100 Yr horizon. Higher efficiency of sedimentation results from increased sediment size. Combining the sedimentation of the test patch with an annualized 0.4 GtC/m2/yr for the rest of the ocean, the total is more than 10% of human CO2 release by fossil fuel consumption (currently almost 7 GtC annually), a significant amount. Not included are cooling effects related to cloud formation and increased reflectivity. Synergic effects are noted and increased marine productivity results in harvestable biomass. Carbon sequestrations are sold in proportion to the validated increase in sedimentary deadfall below the 100 Yr horizon.|(US8882552)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES|[0066] The teachings of the present invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:|[0067] FIG. 1 is an extrapolation from best available models of global warming. The current range (1) of best estimates (IPCC: Climate Change 2007) for mean global temperature increase by 2100 is 1.8 to 4.0° C. The next report from the IPCC is due in 2014.|[0068] FIG. 2 is an adaptation of a spectrogram of solar radiation as received at the top of the atmosphere (2), at the surface at sea level (3), and at a depth of 10 meters below an ocean surface (4), for wavelengths from the UV to the far infrared.|[0069] FIG. 3 is a map of the Pacific ocean showing approximate locations of the Pacific NW and NE gyers.|[0070] FIG. 4 is an experimental result, shown relative density of perlite as reflector on water and the corresponding albedo measured with a solar collector and using incident radiation as a denominator.|[0071] FIG. 5 is a view of a water-filled experimental tank containing 30 gm/m2 perlite dispersed at a partial fill factor on the surface of the water.|[0072] FIG. 6 is a sketch of a composite SRC in the form of a puck.|[0073] FIG. 7 is a section through a composite SRC granule or prill.|[0074] FIG. 8 is a section through a composite SRC granule with fibrous matrix.|[0075] FIG. 9A is a perspective view of an extruded float and FIG. 9B is a cross-section of the float showing multiple layers. FIG. 9C shows erosion of an extended release layer of a float, increasing habitat surface.|[0076] FIG. 10 is a sketch of a toroid puck with sustained release matrix and reflective cap.|[0077] FIG. 11 is a sketch of a hollow ribbed spheroid float with buoyant cap.|[0078] FIGS. 12A, 12B and 12C are schematics of an extruder for forming SRC floats in a continuous ribbon-flow process.|[0079] FIG. 13A is a sectional view of a float in which a hoop has been embedded. FIG. 13B is a perspective view of the float of FIG. 13A showing a wire barrel useful for providing intermediate habitat for complex ecosystems and multiple trophic levels.|[0080] FIG. 14A shows an SRC formed as a large pontoon with reflective deck and keel piece. FIG. 14B shows an SRC with large pontoon festooned with hanging artificial kelp leaves providing intermediate habitat for complex ecosystems and multiple trophic levels.|[0081] FIG. 15A is a half-section or outline view of a hollow, columnar buoy for marine field work on carbon sequestration and ocean albedo. FIG. 15B provides dimensions of a buoy designed to float with a waterline as shown. FIGS. 15C, 15D and 15E depict a transverse and axial sectional view of the buoy shaft. FIG. 15F plots buoyant volume (displacement in m3) versus depth or draft on the structure shown.|[0082] FIG. 16 shows a columnar buoy with outriggers.|[0083] FIG. 17 shows a buoy array with nested circular pontoon booms.|[0084] FIG. 18 shows a buoy network interconnected by cables joining a hexagonal planar submerged space frame.|[0085] FIG. 19 shows a second buoy network interconnected by cables joining a hexagonal planar submerged space frame.|[0086] FIG. 20 shows a surface boundary defined by a buoy array or network having a submerged spaceframe for fixing the relative geometry of the buoys.|[0087] FIG. 21 is an integrated view of a free-floating research station, with floating pontoon booms as part of an aquaculture/marine fertilization facility and with a spaceframe and instrument package suspended by cables below the 100 Yr-horizon for validating carbon sequestration by measuring sediment fall along a transect or over a sampling area.|[0088] FIG. 22 describes steps for initiating validated CO2 remediation using the apparatus of the invention.|[0089] FIG. 23A is a schematic view of a column of water showing use of the spar buoy apparatus of the invention to fertilize the photic zone by circulating deep water to the sea surface. Nutrient rich water brought to the surface will admix with nutrient poor surface water, increasing biomass and fixed carbon flux falling below the 100 Yr horizon (biological pump). A plot of nutrient level relative to the photic zone is shown.|[0090] FIG. 23B is a detail view illustrating effects of a habitat-enhanced surface plume of nutrient-rich water on trophic levels and sedimentation rates at the surface of an oligotrophic ocean.|[0091] FIG. 24 is a model of a diaphragm pump for drawing deep water to the surface. The diaphragm is drawn to emphasize the simplicity of the apparatus.|[0092] FIG. 25 is a schematic view of an array of stabilized vertical buoys with windmills mounted on spars, the windmills providing renewable power for pumping nutrient-rich water to the surface.|[0093] FIG. 26 diagrammatically outlines steps in a method to continuously supply nutrients to the upper water layers and neuston so as to increase biomass and net carbon sequestration.|[0094] FIG. 27 defines commonly cited parameters of wave geometry, and rules of thumb for calculation of depth at which turbulence is substantially reduced.|[0095] FIG. 28 demonstrates that partial submersion of the apparatus can result in a state in which there is essentially no vertical oscillation.|(US8882552)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0096] Although the following detailed description contains specific details for the purposes of explication, one of skill in the art will appreciate that many variations and alterations to the following details are within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments of the invention described below are set forth without any loss of generality to, and without imposing limitations upon, the claimed invention.|[0097] Albedo—is the fraction or percent of reflected light from a surface as a ratio over the total incident illumination. Global albedo is the fraction of incident solar energy reflected from the Earth back into space. Albedo, in other words, is the ratio of exsolation to insolation, where exsolation is the quantity of reflected light exiting the atmosphere. A total energy balance for the planet reduces essentially to the energy of photonic insolation minus the sum of photonic and phononic out-radiation. As a matter of experimental convenience, meaningful insights into albedo can be made by comparing incident light and reflected light off a terrestrial surface. Since this incident light is largely depleted of wavelengths interacting with atmospheric species, visible reflected light is a significant component of global albedo. Several values for albedo are listed in the following table.|[0098] Albedo Snow and ice0.30-0.85 Clouds0.35-0.75 Desert0.25-0.30 Forest0.05-0.15 Open water0.05-0.08 |[0099] Coefficient of reflection—the ratio of the total amount of radiation, typically visible light, reflected by a surface to the total amount of radiation incident on the surface. Preferably, reflective surfaces generally have a reflectance coefficient greater than 0.5. Some reflective surfaces are mirror-like. The reflective coefficient is measured by shining white light on a surface and measuring the ratio of reflected light to incident light.|[0100] Biocompatible—of a form that may be contacted with a food-chain in an aqueous environment without harm to number or diversity of trophic levels.|[0101] Net aggregate positive buoyancy—denotes a composition which displaces a volume of water having a weight greater than the weight of the composition. The composition typically contains a gas-filled void volume enclosed or dispersed in an inorganic matrix.|[0102] Mineraline—an inorganic form of an element selected from elemental, salt, oxide, hydride or hydrate, and generally confined to Groups I through VI of the periodic table, exempting lanthanides and actinides, and for the present purposes, typically limited to biocompatible elements selected from rows 2 through 6. Mineraline compositions are generally free of organic compositions. Mineraline compositions of the invention include compositions of iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc with trace amounts of copper, molybdate, manganese, cobalt, borate, chromium, selenium, vanadium, and nickel, optionally supplemented with nitrate, phosphate, and with blowgas enriched in CO2, or other source of carbonates. Siliceous material is also a useful supplement for some target populations and is a suitable inorganic binder.|[0103] Phosphorus supplementation is also contemplated, generally in the form of mineraline phosphates. Because the elemental composition of phytoplankton is generally C:N:P=106:16:1 (commonly referred to as the “Redfield Ratio”), about 100 units of carbon are delivered to the deep sea for every unit of phosphorus assimilated by phytoplankton in the photolayer and sedimented into the abysmal plains and trenches. This is the “biological pump” that delivers carbon from the atmosphere to the deep sea, where it is concentrated and sequestered for centuries.|[0104] 100-Year Horizon—is a somewhat arbitrary functional boundary separating marine sediment-associated carbon that is recycled as part of the active food chain (and hence re-emerges as CO2 by respiration) and carbon associated with sediments that are sequestered from the atmosphere for geological periods of time or ultimately remineralized. The 100-yr horizon has been proposed as a benchmark for validating carbon sequestration credits.|[0105] SRC—refers to “sustained release composition”, that is, inorganic mineraline formulations in the form of a granule, pellet, puck, prill, microsphere, pontoon, sheet, plate, or agglomerate having a positive buoyancy. The compositions release physiologically acceptable concentrations and forms of elements required for photosynthesis with sustained release kinetics. The shell, the core, or the matrix of the solid member typically contains a gas phase. SRC with porosity or a fractal roughness are also provided. A buoyant core may be coated with a sustained release layer. Optionally, these formulations are light-reflective or are prepared with a reflective surface. In a preferred composition, the formulation floats with a reflective surface oriented skyward.|[0106] Cenospheres, vermiculite (exploded mica) and composites of vermiculite or perlite and kaolin, talc, pumice, exploded clays, zeolites generally, scoria, CaCO3, or glass, as well as artificial foamed silicates made from hydrosols are other potential inorganic substrates for SRCs. One type of cementitious, spray-foam insulation is known as Air-Krete™. It contains magnesium silicate, has an initial consistency similar to shaving cream, and is fireproof. For many years, hollow glass microspheres have been available in quantity and may be used to impart buoyancy to inorganic formulations made with an inorganic binder. Unlike ordinary glass microspheres, retro-reflective glass microspheres are well known for their use in bright reflective surfaces. Such microspheres have refractive indexes in the range of 1 to 3 and are suitable reflectors even when immersed in water. Glass microspheres may be coated with a variety of metallic reflectors. Ceramic and metal hollow microspheres are also commercially available. Manufacture of hollow microspheres is readily accomplished, taking advantage of the interfacial tension of a gas in glass collet, and a process equivalent to Ostwald ripening at temperatures at which the substrate is plastic. Formulations made of foamed clays are also provided.|[0107] Float—refers to a pontoon, raft, barge, boom or other displacing structure that is larger than a prill or a puck. Also comprises pontoon structures and combinations thereof. Floats may be individually dispersed or tethered.|[0108] Trophic levels—refers to one or more pools of carbon in a food chain. Typically a “primary producer level” or levels occupies the base of the food chain. Direct grazers occupy a second level. Larger predators occupy a third level, and so forth. Over the past 25 years our vision of the pelagic food web structure has changed dramatically. We now view the traditional “diatom-copepod-fish” foodweb as a relatively minor component. The food web consistently present in all oceanic habitats is based on pico- and nanoplankton-sized autotrophs and heterotrophs, which are efficiently grazed by flagellates and ciliates. The pelagic food web is microbe-centric. (“Microbe” in this context means small autotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs, and refers to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.) A necessary effort in carbon sequestration is an effort to shift the food web to include higher trophic levels. The principal means for doing this is by supplying habitat and solid phase surface area, not merely iron.|[0109] Turning now to the figures, FIG. 1 is a representation of future global temperatures given current trendlines. Shown are high and low “best estimates” prepared by the IPCC. The difference 1 between the two dotted lines represents the current uncertainty.|[0110] FIG. 2 shows a spectrogram of incident solar irradiation as a function of wavelength and altitude, the upper curve showing solar energy (W/m2-nm) entering the atmosphere (2), the middle curve light energy striking the surface of the ocean (3), and the bottommost curve (4) light having been depleted after penetration to a depth of 10 m below the ocean surface. The area under curve 3 and above curve 4 is the light energy converted to heat in the top 10 m of ocean. Clearly all light entering a deep body of water is fully absorbed. The oceans, covering more than half the surface of the globe, are thus major engines of climate. Reducing this heat engine is a rapid and effective way to force global cooling.|[0111] FIG. 3 is a map of the Pacific ocean showing the approximate locations 10, 11 of the NW and NE gyres, and general patterns of circulation of currents. The gyres are known to accumulate plastic detritis at their centers.|[0112] FIG. 4 is a plot of data from an experiment in which prill (perlite, horticultural grade) is weighted out and dispersed on a defined surface area in a dark-bottomed tank filled with water. This material contains a significant proportion of fines that contribute poorly to reflectivity. Perlite is a snow white material manufactured by “exploding” a porous, moist mineral found in deposits associated with volcanic ash and pumice. For the experiment, incident radiation was measured amperometrically with a solar panel and conditions were selected where the current response was generally linear. The effect of increasing quantity of reflective prill was then tested by turning the solar panel upside down over the tank (with incident light at about a 30 degree angle) and measuring the reflected light in the same way. A zero-intercept was obtained experimentally when no prill was added to the tank. A fill factor can be estimated from photographs taken during the experiment (such as FIG. 5). Even at 30 gm/m2, increases in albedo of the order of +0.05 were obtained. This is a highly significant change in energy flux if taken over a very large surface area. FIG. 5 is a b/w reproduction of a photograph of an experimental setup as described above, although the sun was slightly higher in the sky. A fill factor of 30 gm/m2 perlite is shown. Some clumping of the perlite is observed.|[0113] Albedo at high fill factors of floating perlite on water approaches 0.6. By comparison, the albedo of snow is typically reported as 0.3-0.85, depending on the cleanness of the snow.|[0114] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a puck (50) formed with multiple layers. The upper surface (51) is a reflective surface and for example is comprised of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, or glass, and may contain platelets of mica or metal or crystals of olivine, or other reflective material such as a thin mirror layer of aluminum. The upper layer (52) is rich in low density materials for positive buoyancy and is optionally comprised of perlite in an inorganic binder of waterglass or exploded porcelain, for example. The middle layer (53) includes a slow release matrix and contains mineraline inorganic nutrients selected from iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, molybdate, manganese, cobalt, borate, selenium, vanadium, and nickel, optionally supplemented with nitrate and phosphate. The minerals are supplied as oxides, nitrates, carbonates, silicates, sulfates, or as elements. The redox state of the minerals is selected for cost and convenience in formulation because bioavailable redox species are formed in situ. The matrix is formulated so that the elements are released in biologically nutritive quantities over an extended period of time, preferably the matrix dissolves with a half-life of 0.5 to 3 years. This middle layer is formulated with a higher density, as ballast, so that the puck is likely to float with the upper layer facing skyward. A lower layer (54) may be added for quick release, and also serves to reduce fouling by virtue of its higher erodibility. The net buoyancy of the puck is positive. A porous coat (55) such as a leachable glass may also be added to improve handling during transport and dispersal.|[0115] Various methods known in the art may used to make porous sustained release materials from ceramics. The polymeric-sponge method produces open-cell structures by impregnating a polymeric sponge with a ceramic powder slurry, the organics are then driven off at a temperature below that required for firing the ceramic slurry material. Polymers sponges include polyurethane, cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and latex. Alternatively, a direct foaming method can be used to produce both open-cell and closed-cell structures. In this method, a chemical mixture containing the desired ceramic component and gas precursors is treated to evolve a gas. Bubbles in the material cause it to foam. The resulting porous ceramic material is then dried and fired. Honeycomb structures may also be made. Firing the green ceramic typically involves a temperature of 1000-1700° C., however, improvements have been made that significantly reduce the firing temperature as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,169,725 to Haun, and adaptations thereof. Porous ceramics can also be made by freeze drying a precursor followed by sintering (see for example: Deville, S. 2008. Freeze-casting of porous ceramics. Adv Engin Matls 10:155-169), and adaptations thereof. Sol gel and water glass methods may also be use.|[0116] FIG. 7 is a cartoon showing a section through an amorphous SRC granule or prill (60). Voids (61) filled with gas are used to reduce the aggregate density, because the particle must float. A glass or ceramic matrix (62) material is used to bind mineraline elements (63) into a solid granule. Voids (64) on the surface of the particle increase surface area, promote surface chemistry, and facilitate colonization with microorganisms that will erode the matrix over multiple months or even years. The matrix material is a clay or a glass, for example a silica glass or kaolin, while not limited thereto. The granules (60) are preferably white or are optionally coated with embedded specular reflectors such as glass microspheres or quartz or mica platelets. The granules or pellets may contain a single void. Glass floats used in the early part of this century by Japanese fishermen have been known ride the Kuroshio current north, circling the Pacific for decades and in fact still wash up on Oregon and Hawaii beaches after storms. The spherical floats vary in size from a few centimeters to almost a meter in diameter, and even accumulate barnacles, eventually sinking under the accumulated weight.|[0117] FIG. 8 is a cartoon shown a section through an amorphous SRC pellet (70) with a fibrous low-density matrix (71). Granules (72) of a slow release material and fibers (73) are embedded in the matrix (73). Non-wetting voids in the matrix hold air sufficient for buoyancy. The matrix is typically a ceramic or a glass.|[0118] FIGS. 9A and 9B show an extruded product (80). This float is manufactured by cutting a ribbon of extruded matrix material into convenient lengths. Each float comprises a reflective cap (81), a ballasted keel (82), and a glass coating (83).|[0119] FIG. 9B illustrates a section through a float of FIG. 9A. The float is comprised of three layers, an upper buoyant layer (84) with entrapped air, a middle layer (85) with mineraline elements formulated in a slow release matrix of neutral density, and a lower layer (86) with embedded iron filings and serving as a ballasted keel. The floats are spray coated with water glass or hard coat and sintered during manufacture. FIG. 9C is a sectional view through the float of FIG. 9A, showing the effect of biological erosion (87) characteristic of this sustained release composition.|[0120] FIG. 10 shows a toroid float (90) having a net positive buoyancy, a sustained release core, and a hard coat outer layer (92), the cap (91) with reflective properties. Floats may optionally be tethered together to form a net-like sheet when dispersed.|[0121] FIG. 11 shows a hollow ribbed ball with a reflective cap (96) having a core of low density matrix material and erodible ribs (97) having a mineral composition for sustained release. The ribs are strengthened to resist breakage. Apertures (98) between the ribs permit the entry of organisms.|[0122] FIGS. 12A, B and C are illustrative of an extruder process nozzle used to manufacture the float of FIG. 9. Extruded product is indicated by V. Four feeds are fed into a triple nozzle (101) with outer sheath (110) that is inserted into an alcohol bath (111) through process tank wall (102). Feed III is the iron rich bottom layer in a clay matrix and is fed in at (103). Feed IV is a gas bubble rich upper layer of waterglass as a slurry rich in specular reflective material such as titanium oxide or mica platelets and is fed in at 104. Feed II is a core layer of slow-release mineraline elements important for photosynthesis in a waterglass slurry and enters through a nested tube (105). Feed I, entering the core of the extruded ribbon at 106, is an alcohol that solidifies the waterglass matrix and is removed and recovered during sintering under a CO2 atmosphere. The product is characterized by high porosity and voidspace.|[0123] FIG. 13A is a modified float (120), here shown in section to illustrate that a barrel hoop (121) and stave (122) has been embedded in the float. Again the reflective cap (123) is present and may be a coating. The upper layer (124) is buoyant. Under the upper layer is a body comprised of granules of mixed metal oxides (125) and a slow release clay matrix (126).|[0124] This complex float is rendered as a complete structural unit in FIG. 13B. Here the float (120) is shown with embedded wire barrel (127), the wire barrel forming habitat for larger trophic levels, and a sort of pelagic nursery. The wire barrel also serves to prevent the floats from closing together in impenetrable poly-rafts. The float may be a meter or more in length if desired.|[0125] FIG. 14A shows an SRC formed as a large pontoon with reflective deck and keel piece, and shows an SRC of several meters in width. This is a section through the structure of the pontoon; which is part of a larger structure forming a boom around a centrally anchored research platform. The boom may have a degree of flexibility while being relatively incompressible in diameter. In the center of the pontoon (150) is a hollow tube (156) that is filled with air (151) during surface operation. The top of the pontoon is a reflective surface (152) or coating, which may be periodically cleaned. The pontoon is perforated (153) to promote aeration during wave surge. A keel (154) is used for ballast. The core (155) is preferably a neutral density material. The rings are flexible so that the ring can undulate during passage of a swell. Optionally, an erodable anti-fouling coating (157) is supplied that contains an inorganic nutrient mix for supporting the growth of photosynthetic organisms and producing complex habitat. Erodable anti-fouling coatings need not be buoyant when applied to a floating pontoon or structure. FIG. 14B shows an SRC with large pontoon festooned with hanging artificial kelp leaves (158) providing intermediate habitat for complex ecosystem and multiple trophic levels, i.e., an artificial reef. The fill factor for supplemental habitat compositions on the ocean surface can be adjusted for effect.|[0126] As shown in FIGS. 6-14, the invention may include a buoyant composition for sequestering fixed carbon below the 100 year horizon of an ocean, for increasing marine biological productivity, and with reflective for increasing the albedo of a body of water. The composition comprises an inorganic nutrient or nutrients, generally in a formulation with balanced physiological ratio for supporting primary production of one or more food webs, in a sustained release solid matrix, the solid matrix having a light reflective surface or surfaces.|[0127] Turning to FIG. 15A, we see vertical spar buoy (130) configured to float with about 90% of its mass submerged relative to the waterline. The buoy comprises a hollow, elongate vertical body with superstructure (131) and ballast (132) assembly at the two ends joined in the middle by an elongate stem (133). The submerged understructure is a hollow tube with horizontal partitions in the upper levels and can be filled like a straw up to those partitions. The partitions separate an upper fixed displacement volume V1 and a lower variable displacement volume V2. Pumps are used to regulate the waterline, which is dynamically controllable. A self-propelled vessel that could be partially flooded at one end to assume this vertical posture was tested by Scripps Institute of Oceanography and found to provide a remarkably stable platform for oceanographic research that resisted pitch and yaw. Here the principle is adapted as a passive buoy for semi-permanent mooring on an anchored cable, and as will be shown below, combinations are introduced that build on this platform. Or the platform may be allowed to drift, such as in a gyre, serving as its own sea anchor.|[0128] FIG. 15B provides dimensions (in meters) for a structure of this class. Tubular construction with ferrocement, geocement, welded aluminum, or fiber-reinforced PVC forming the stem is contemplated, for example on a removable mandrel, from pre-shaped sections, or by shotcrete construction in a female mold using a track-mounted blower. In this model of the buoy, the total mass was 3.6 x 106 kg (assuming ferrocement), the displacement was 5.6 x 106 cubic meters of seawater, and the ballast mass on the bottom of the stem was 1.7 x 106 kg. This yielded a waterline about 17 meters from the top of the superstructure. The stem is partially flooded and the actual water line is controllable by controlling the level of water within the stem.|[0129] FIG. 15C is a plot of calculated displacement volume versus depth mark (draft) on a plimsoll. As would be expected, displacement volume increases from the ballast segment at the bottom of the structure (the 120 meter mark) and becomes maximal as the superstructure exits the waterline. The waterline is dynamic but is typically placed at the m mark. Cumulative total displacement at the 20 m mark is about 5600 metric tons as required for a heavy ferrocement structure. Lighter displacement designs using alternate materials are also feasible. Inertial forces causing the structure to sway laterally and to rise and fall in the surf are heavily dampened by the masses involved and the low overall center of buoyancy.|[0130] By use of internal structural partitions, a minimum waterline can be maintained. The structure is submersible. Submersion at a depth of 20 meters has an important advantage in weathering severe storms. It is assumed that the buoy will be anchored. The entire structure may be pulled down 20 meters under the ocean on a cable to ride out storm surges.|[0131] FIGS. 15D, 15E, and 15F depict a transverse and axial section of the buoy shaft 133. In transverse section FIG. 15E, the stem of the buoy from the sealed compartments to the ballast keel is seen to consist of a center void 142 in fluid connection with the ocean and a composite wall. The composite wall may include tubular reinforcements 143 embedded in a structural matrix 144. In a preferred embodiment, stainless or PVC tubing 143 is embedded in a ferrocement matrix 144. The outer layer 141 of the stem is generally a wound fiber such as a fiberglass designed to resist tensile deformation while the matrix of the wall itself is designed to resist compressive deformation. Optionally the inner wall may also be reinforced, but is generally smooth so as to permit easy cleaning by robotic sweepers. In axial section FIG. 15F, the inside waterline is shown to be adjustable by applying an air headspace so as to trim the buoy according to its ballast. The internal wall tubes are generally hollow and may be sealed at both ends to provide for permanent buoyancy, or one or more tubes may be open at one or both ends to provide cable housings, or small diameter seawater uptake tubulations such as for pumping deep water to the surface at higher velocity than would be achievable if the center void was the channel for upwelling (see FIG. 24). The smaller tubes may also be used to jacket yet smaller uptake tubes and provide for heating seawater so as to ensure it spreads on the ocean surface as a plume and does not sink as quickly as it is discharged at the surface if desired. Air lift pumping is also envisaged using internal plumbing of the kind illustrated here.|[0132] FIG. 16 is a schematic of a single buoy with multiple boom platforms (171) at different diameters, held in place by nested cables (172). This form can be used to increase the reflective surface of the installation, and provides a large floating platform for pelagic aquaculture or research on carbon sequestration. In one embodiment, by mobilizing the collar yoke (173) on the central stem (174), fluctuations in the level of the outside rings do not result in excessive strains on the cable supports. Ballast (175) dampens oscillations of the buoy that would otherwise be associated with rough seas, so that the superstructure (176) remains level during transient fluctuations of the waterline.|[0133] Structures of this sort have a positive effect on local marine productivity. It is known that fish associate with floating objects (Hunter J R and C T Mitchell. 1966. Association of fishes with flotsam in the offshore waters of Central America. Fishery Bulletin 66:13-29); however, increases in primary productivity are greater than can be accounted for by clustering of schooling fish around buoys. SRC within the pontoon corral or “boom” result in a sustained bioavailability of trace minerals for primary producers and habitat and surface area for higher trophic levels without use of exogenous chelators. Sustained concentrations of iron(III) in the nM range, for example, exceed the Ksp for iron in seawater—due to natural organic chelators released by organisms (see for example Kuma K et al. 1996. Controls on iron(III) hydroxide solubility in seawater: the influence of pH and natural organic chelators. Limn Oceano 41:396-407; Morel FMM and NM Price. 2003. The biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in the oceans. Science 300:944-47). Because biouptake controls the equilibrium between solubilized iron and the solid phase compositions, even elemental iron may be used as a source of iron in the SCR. Growth of biomass does not result in other elemental deficiencies secondary to consumption of iron because the formulations are typically supplemented with a full range of minerals in a balanced composition. The cables may have an elasticity in order that wear on rigid fittings is minimized, but rigid cables are also useable. Because tensile loads are distributed by multiple cables onto a reinforced ring of the buoy hull, little danger of simultaneous catastrophic failure exists.|[0134] FIG. 17 shows how the buoy platforms can be merged into planar arrays (180). By using large arrays, island-sized floating platforms can be constructed.|[0135] FIG. 18 shows a buoy network (190) of spar buoys (191) interconnected by cables joining a hexagonal planar submerged space frame (192).|[0136] FIG. 19 shows a second buoy network (195) of spar buoys (191) interconnected by cables joining a deep hexagonal submerged space frame (192).|[0137] FIG. 20 shows a surface boundary (191) defining a surface area of an ocean. The boundary is defined by a buoy array or network (198) for fixing the relative geometry of the buoys. For research purposes the boundary encloses an area to be treated such that sedimentary carbon sequestration associated with that area will be measured. In this instance the enclosed area is an abstract mathematic concept useful in calculation primary productivity per unit surface area, and not requirely a physical boundary defined by a boom or some ocean fence.|[0138] FIG. 21 shows in schematic an integrated oceanographic workstation (200) with central spar buoy (201) with superstructure (202), ballast (211), and surrounding float boom (203) supporting, on suspended cables (204) from an adjustable yoke (205), a fully submerged and instrumented toroidal horizontal platform (206) at a level below the “100-Year Horizon”, which by some accounts is 500 meters but can be reasonably approximated by a 100 m. The 100 Year Horizon is a depth at which organic matter, crossing that depth, is not likely resurface during the following century. The elevational dampening of the spar buoy (201) is engineered so that elastic or inelastic tensions on the suspension cables are within acceptable limits during a lifetime of up to 6 months or more. Multiplicity in the design accommodates progressive failure without loss of the instrument packages (207). Periodic cable replacement is assumed, preferably by bringing the instrument assembly and spaceframe up from depth for inspection and maintenance. As an alternative to a rigid toroid (206), a spaceframe of structural elements, for example a tensegrity structure or space-filling truss, can be used to form the horizontal platform. The purpose of the horizontal platform or spaceframe at depth is to provide a means for quantitating net sediment fall or “rain”, including cell aggregates and faecal pellets, through the 100-year horizon and comparing this to gross productivity of the SRC-seeded body of water. Samples of the particle sediment are analyzed for fixed carbon in order to validate carbon sequestration per unit time and to study diurnal or seasonal variations, or the effect of experimental parameters such as nutrient supplementation. A horizontal plane (210) forms the “sampling grid” or “transect line”. In one embodiment, a fine mesh plankton net is stretched across the frame of the toroid, and robotic strainers vacuum up the filtrate at regular time intervals. In another embodiment, lasers and photodiode detectors are used to quantitate particle transits per unit time and particle size in the manner of a particle counter. A field of criss-crossing laser beam particle counters is conceived. Violet blue lasers (e.g. 465 or 472 nm) and green lasers (e.g. 532 or 543 nm) are useful and are selected here because the transparency of water in this wavelength range is reasonably good. Light in the laser beam is scattered by particles intersecting the beam; the time and scattering coefficients correlate with the size of the particle. Stacked spaceframes at different depths are also conceived. By linking multiple buoys together on the surface, the spaceframe can be suspended at multiple attachment points, permitting higher confidence in the determination of sediment fall parameters over the full grid area encompassed by the spaceframe, independent of ocean currents. The annular pontoons also act as wave dampeners for the central spar, increasing stability.|[0139] Outriggers are used to anchor a tubular barrier float boom or ring-like pontoon around a defined surface area of water. SRC are dispersed within the encircling float boom. The outriggers are collapsible and can be drawn up during storms. Gantryways give access out to suspended nets where samples can be taken. A laboratory for sample processing and measurement is provided on an upper deck, with access to a pump room. The pumps are used to control the level of the waterline. An upper observation deck or solar panel installation (212) is mounted above the superstructure along with egress to the gantryways. An antenna (213) with communications device is mounted so that data may be streamed to satellite transceivers during automated operation.|[0140] The buoy serves as both a marine productivity island and an instrument platform. The superstructure may be configured for aquaculture, aquacultural research, or for validation of sedimentary carbon sequestration. This apparatus is useful in a variety of methods which are further embodiments of the invention. Methods of the invention include a method for sequestering fixed carbon below the 100 year horizon of an ocean, which comprises dispersing a buoyant composition on the surface of the ocean, the buoyant composition comprising an inorganic nutrient or nutrient formulation in an inorganic sustained-release matrix, and a light reflective surface or cap that tends to orient itself skyward when floated. Also conceived is a method for increasing planetary albedo by dispersing on the surface of an ocean a composition having a light reflective surface and optionally an inorganic nutrient or nutrients in an inorganic sustained release matrix.|[0141] In another aspect, the compositions and apparatus of the invention more generally are representative of compositions and apparatus for quantitative solar exsolation, where the amount of exsolative energy transferred from the terrestrial surface to a plane above the troposphere (generally taken as the layer of atmosphere extending from the earth's surface to the base of the stratosphere, about 10-16 km above the earth and marked by decreasing temperature as a function of altitude) is quantified and validated. By validating the energy flux or flux rate, for example in units of Joules or Joules per unit time, exsolation credits may be issued. Exsolation credits are financial instruments tied to a specific unit of energy transferred from the earth's surface to a plane above the troposphere, or more preferably above the stratosphere. The amount of energy transferred may be validated by satellite pyrometry or by mathematical modeling based on measurement of a terrestrial reflection and properties of the atmosphere in the path of the reflected light.|[0142] Exsolation credits are disbursed or traded, for example in a commodities market. A market for trading a solar exsolation credit instrument issued by the above apparatus will generally include a computer, the computer comprising a microprocessor, a volatile memory, a non-volatile read-only memory containing instructions for the microprocessor, a database containing records, the records comprising an ask price for a solar exsolation credit instrument and a bid price for a solar exsolation credit instrument, and a user interface for entering and displaying said records. The computer is generally programmed also to execute trades. Optionally a communications port is provided for remotely displaying ask prices, entering bids and confirming trades, as is generally familiar to those familiar with modern commodities markets. However, a market for a commodity, where the commodity is a heat transfer unit, is not a conventional market, and is useful to more fully assess the relative distribution of resources and labor between processes where the social benefit needs to be balanced against a heat output or a greenhouse gas output into the common atmosphere. For example, a process that results in conversion of a higher albedo surface to a lower albedo surface may not be commercially attractive if the total costs of global warming are added to the project; and by placing a cost on an equivalent discharge of heat from the terrestrial surface, the operator of the process has the option of ameliorating the damage only to the extent that the value of the product of the process exceeds the cost of the amelioration. And in this way, processes competing for exsolation credits are brought into a zero net sum market, which is required to be sustainable. Unsustainable processes that result in more heat than is balanced by available exsolative credits will not be profitable and will cease. A market for exsolative credits may be modeled on a “cap and trade” system for carbon credits, and is complementary thereto.|[0143] Similarly, a process that results in greenhouse gases can give rise to a trading system for ameliorating carbon emissions at a cost to the producer. A market for trading a solar exsolation credit instrument issued by the above apparatus will generally include a computer, the computer comprising a microprocessor, a volatile memory, a non-volatile read-only memory containing instructions for the microprocessor, a database containing records, the records comprising an ask price for a solar exsolation credit instrument and a bid price for a solar exsolation credit instrument, and a user interface for entering and displaying said records. The computer is generally programmed also to execute trades. Optionally a communications port is provided for remotely displaying ask prices, entering bids and confirming trades, as is generally familiar to those familiar with modern commodities markets. Again the result is a selection pressure favoring sustainable processes. Not only must the social costs of greenhouse gas production and release be considered, but the global heating and cooling balance must also be considered in tallying social costs of processes, industries and markets that release greenhouse gases. A “cap and trade” system for carbon credits is useful for monetizing carbon sequestration certificates for example.|[0144] Many national strategies seek to limit the rate of growth in the amounts of atmospheric greenhouse gases by emissions trading. Emissions trading is a process whereby specific target emission rates of for example carbon dioxide are set for specific industries. A member of the industry who achieves measured emissions below the target rates may trade the difference on the open market to another who fails to achieve its emission targets. An entity responsible for measured emissions above its target rates may be subject to fines or other sanctions. The objective is to reduce the overall emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, even if the emissions of one particular source are not decreased, or indeed are increased, by ameliorating that environmental damage while giving industries time to adapt and phasing out uncompetitive processes and plants. In the last decade, the effectiveness of this market-based emissions reduction approach as applied to criteria air pollutants in the US has been demonstrated. However, for those industries hard hit to adapt, carbon sequestration certificates resulting from the apparatus and methods of the invention may be made available on an open market to as to prevent short-term job and investment loss.|[0145] The unit of measure of tradable carbon emissions that has been generally accepted is commonly known as the Carbon Emission Reduction Credit, or CERC, which is equivalent to one metric ton of carbon dioxide gas (or other greenhouse gas equivalent) that is not emitted into the earth's atmosphere (emission reduction) or one metric ton of carbon dioxide that is removed from the atmosphere (emission offset) due to a human-caused change. That is, a CERC can be generated for human activities that have occurred since a base year, e.g., 1990, that have resulted in a reduction of business-as-usual emissions of greenhouse gases.|[0146] A market is emerging for trading CERCs, EBCs and other green tags. For example, CERCs can be generated through energy efficiency gains of fossil fuel technology, substitution of biofuels for fossil fuels, or removal of greenhouse gases from industrial gas streams. CERCs also can be generated by sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide into the ocean as described in the present disclosure, including the drawings and the claims.|[0147] FIG. 22 describes a method for issuing validated carbon sequestration as part of remedial geoengineering to remove excess CO2 from the atmosphere. In a first step an array or network of spar buoys is deployed to define a bounded surface area where ocean chemistry and habitat surface area will be modified to increase primary productivity. A buoyant inorganic composition is dispersed within the study area, the composition having a topology with microscopic and macroscopic niches for supporting a complex trophic system. Suspended from the network or array is a space frame defining a 100 Yr horizon such that sedimentation through the space frame will be detected and is representative of fixed carbon that has been effectively removed from the atmosphere for at least a century. The instrumentation for detection of particle sediment is generally mounted on the space frame, and for example can include photodetectors and laser beams for detecting falling particles. Total sedimentation is integrated as sedimentary deadfall per unit time to validate the flux of sequestered carbon crossing the 100 Yr horizon and one or more monetizable or tradable carbon sequestration certificates are issued accordingly.|[0148] FIG. 23A is a schematic view of a column of pelagic water showing use of the spar buoy apparatus (130) of the invention to fertilize the photic zone by circulating deep water to the sea surface. Nutrient-rich water brought to the surface will admix with nutrient-poor surface water, increasing biomass and (at steady state) the flux of fixed carbon falling below the 100 Yr horizon (biological pump/down arrow). The apparatus is generally placed in the open ocean where ocean depths are greater that two or three thousand meters. This ensures that rapidly sedimenting large fecal pellets will reach bottom in one or two days, essentially undigested by mesozooplankton.|[0149] In this view, deep water is shown to rise under pumping action within tubulation associated with the spar buoy and to be discharged at or near the surface, forming a nutrient-rich plume that spreads on the surface and fertilizes the neuston. The pumping action is powered by sustainable energy sources known in the art, such as a solar collector or a windmill. Advantageously, mixing devices such as sprayers may be used to avoid the frequent surface sedimentation that results due to falling rain. Also of interest is salinity and temperature, which can control the sinking (or floatation) of the plume.|[0150] A plot of nutrient level relative to the photic zone is shown. Nutrient levels are generally very low close to the surface and in the photic zone, but increase to essentially a plateau below a depth of about 90 meters or less, depending on turbidity.|[0151] FIG. 23B is a more detailed view illustrating effects of a habitat-enhanced surface plume of nutrient-rich water on trophic levels and sedimentation rates at the surface of an oligotrophic ocean. The presence of a habitat-forming composition supporting higher trophic levels significantly increases the size of sedimentary particles. Whereas picoplankton give rise to a marine snow and opal of microscopic sizes, large copepods and predators give rise to sediment that falls one or two thousand meters per day, ensuring that most reaches the abyss without significant regeneration of inorganic carbon. The speed of descent is also favored by more dense materials, such as coccolith pellets produced by coccolithophorids and calcium carbonate shells produced by foraminifers.|[0152] Habitat enhancement using habitat-forming compositions is conducted in such a way as to avoid high fill factors that would reduce gas exchange. FIG. 13B illustrates one way to prevent the fill factor from approaching unity. FIG. 16 suggests another, where supplemental habitat compositions are dispersed in the area between the outer boundary rings. Spraying upwelled water over a large surface area of the ocean may also be used to maximize CO2 uptake by primary producers. Avoiding excess nutrient concentration will also limit eutrophic conditions, and the invention includes the teaching that habitat-rich compositions may be effective absent supplemental nutrient compositions because of the effects of solid substrate surface area and niche diversification. Habitat enhancement refers to the provision of solid substrate surface area having microscopic and macroscopic niches in a fractal scalar range of sizes that promote formation of multiple trophic levels and food chains, food chains that include larger predators, harvestable fish, crabs and shellfish. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus serves as an artificial reef having daily primary productivity of 1 to 3 gm C/m2/day. Shown here within a defined area around the spar buoy (130) are floating pontoons such as were featured in FIG. 14B, having kelp-like stringers that support fish nurseries and a myriad of microscopic plants and animals. This increased surface area also has a dramatic effect on nutrient chemistry, both by increasing the amounts of native chelators, and also by trapping nutrients in inorganic and organic form on solid surfaces so as to prolong recirculation through the biological food web. In a preferred embodiment, a steady supply of deep water supplied to a habitat-enriched artificial community results in a dramatic increase in oligotrophic epipelagic waters, up by a factor of about 103 from baseline per unit surface area. At steady state this production results in sedimentary deadfall, and by use of habitat compositions, efficiency of sedimentary deadfall in depositing fixed carbon on the ocean bottom can be increased by about ten-fold.|[0153] FIG. 24 is a model of a diaphragm pump for drawing deep water to the surface. The diaphragm is drawn to emphasize the simplicity of the apparatus. Shown here is a section of the stem of the spar buoy (133) showing the partial displacement tube (bottom) and the sealed compartments of the working buoy. A vacuum tank (V) is used in the fill stroke, and an accumulator or pressurized tank (P) is used for the discharge stroke. Compressed air is pumped from the vacuum tank to the accumulator tank using a pump and a series of valves. Water discharged from the diaphragm pump chamber exits the spar buoy at or near the surface. The hydrostatic pressure head is essentially zero, and thus the volume per unit time may be large without requiring much energy. Deep water enters the diaphragm pump assembly through draft tube 250. The energy required for driving pumping may be obtained as solar energy, or most preferably from wind, for example. While this compressed air-driven diaphragm pump is designed for a stroke volume of almost 100 m3/stroke, smaller diaphragm pumps may also be used. Centrifugal and piston pumps are also envisaged and run using sustainable energy sources drawn from the local environment in the open ocean.|[0154] Also shown are pumps for maintaining trim relative to a defined waterline. The partial displacement volume (V2) may be adjusted to control the waterline of the buoy and/or even to provide complete immersion as described below with reference to FIG. 28. Hatches provide entry to the fixed displacement volume areas as needed. In this view, deep water rises in the center tube, but concentrically arranged tubes such as shown in FIG. 15E may also be used to increase the pumping flow velocity and prevent excessive residence times in the tube, which can lead to colonization of internal surfaces; colonization that would require periodic maintenance to remove.|[0155] FIG. 25 is a schematic view of an array (300) of stabilized vertical buoys with windmills (301) mounted on spars, the windmills providing renewable power for pumping nutrient-rich water to the surface. Windmills of this type are resistant to strong winds but optionally may be collapsed during gales or high seas. Renewable energy may also be supplied by solar panels (302) mounted on the superstructure of the spar buoys.|[0156] FIG. 26 diagrammatically outlines steps in a method to continuously supply nutrients to the upper water layers and neuston so as to increase biomass and net carbon sequestration. Habitat supplementation may be provided to ensure higher trophic levels most associated with large carbon flux at steady state, where community flux out equals exceed nutrient flux in. Nutrient rich water is pumped through the spar buoy and discharged at or near the surface. Adjustment of salinity or temperature may be performed as desired. The nutrient supplementation promotes primary productivity in the photic zone and results in an increased sedimentary deadfall. Instruments mounted on a space frame near the bottom of the spar buoy detect and quantitate the falling particles. A flux in units of fixed carbon per unit time is measured and validated. Carbon sequestration certificates are then issued according to the measured carbon flux below the 100 year horizon. This is a continuous process driven by locally-produced renewable energy. Habitat supplementation may include nutrients. Limiting nutrients may be supplied, or nutrients not limiting but provided in excess so as to shape the kind of community that becomes established so as to promote certain kinds of mineralization of carbon, for example.|[0157] This is an elegant solution to the dilemma of the IRONX experiments, where supply of one limiting nutrient creates a downstream plume of waste water that is deficient in all other nutrients, essentially robbing other patches of water of productivity so as to increase productivity within a defined area.|[0158] FIG. 27 defines commonly cited parameters of wave geometry, and rules of thumb for calculation of depth at which turbulence is substantially reduced. In deep water, the orbital motion of a fluid particle in the advancing wavefront is rapidly dampened with increasing depth, and can generally be neglected at half the wavelength (L/2) or at one third the wave height (H/3). Wave power is generally described in kW per meter of wavefront and may range from 0 to 50 or more kW/m, sufficient to pose a structural hazard. However, a low turbulence layer exists immediately below the surface of the open ocean, and submersion of an apparatus of the invention into that low turbulence layer by adjusting the variable displacement component (V2) protects the apparatus from major damage in heavy storm surge or violent winds. The concept is shown in FIG. 28, which demonstrates that partial submersion of the spar buoy (130) can result in a state in which there is essentially no vertical oscillation (small double vertical arrow) whereas surface exposure is associated with oscillations at a harmonic of the wave periodicity (large double vertical arrow). The top end and superstructure (131) of the spar buoy is designed to seal for this application, and the positive displacement volume ensures a generally neutral density. The large dampening mass at the keel of the buoy is also effective in dampening surface oscillations, even at the surface, and also serves as a sea anchor. Alternatively, the apparatus can be submerged using winches anchored to cables on the seafloor or seamounts. Either way, a 20 m or 30 m wave height is withstood by designing the device to submerge below the turbulent upper layer when needed. Interestingly, at a submersion of 30 m or more, the apparatus is also capable of avoiding damage due to collisions from errant shipping traffic.|(US8882552)|EXAMPLES|Example 1|[0159] A 30 mL aliquot of a 10% (w/v) stock of Miracle-Gro (Scott's Miracle-Gro Products, Marysville Ohio) was added to 50 mL of colloidal silica in methanol (Nissan Chemical America, Tarrytown N.J., CAS 112926-00-8) and the mixture was heated in an open vessel to reduce the volume to about 40 mL. A clear solution resulted. The solution was then allowed to cool and a clear hard gel matrix resulted. Over time in an open container, a somewhat brittle solid formed.|[0160] A binder such as a sol-gel precursor is optionally used to semi-permanently fuse the colloidal silica, as is done in silica “hardcoat”, a commercial process (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,587,263). Entrained air or CO2 is also incorporated in the matrix.|Example 2|[0161] The following mineral components were crushed and mixed with a mortar and pestle.|[0162] Major Inorganic Speciesgms Iron Oxide50 Iron Nitrate10 Calcium Oxide20 Calcium Phosphate10 Zinc Carbonate5 Magnesium Oxide4 |[0163] To 10 gm of the above mixture, the following trace mineral components were added with further grinding.|[0164] Trace Inorganic speciesgms Copper Nitrate hemipentahydrate0.70 Phosphomolybdic Acid0.20 Manganese Chloride0.08 Phosphomolybdic Acid0.01 Cobalt Nitrate hexahydrate0.01 Boric Acid0.005 Selenium Chloride0.001 Sodium Vanadate0.001 |[0165] To this mixture of solids, 200 mL of colloidal silica in methanol was added. After heating with stirring to reduced volume and cooling, a hard gel formed. This gel when baked produces a rock-like composition without the decomposition indicative of organic charring.|Example 3|[0166] As a first approximation, mix the aqueous suspension of Example 2 with 200 mL of colloidal silica in methanol as described above. After heating with stirring to reduced volume, add 300 gm of glass hollow microspheres and continue stirring until fully mixed. Charge 50 mL iron molds with the mixture, the molds having a selected shape and depth, with a shallow conical bottom profile. Bake to lithification.|[0167] During the early stages of baking, it is anticipated that the iron filings will sediment to the tip of the base of the mold and the glass hollow microspheres will rise to the surface of the liquid. This results in a “puck” shaped siliceous ingot on ejection from the mold. The ingot is comprised of highly dispersed inorganic minerals, sedimented iron filings, and a froth of microbubbles in a silicate matrix. In other words, puck density is here preferably non-uniform but is cumulatively less than that of water, that is to say the aggregate density is less than 1 gm/cm3. By optimizing the temperature, baking time, and ratio of solids to glass microspheres, a floating puck is formed.|Example 4|[0168] The following mineral components are crushed and mixed with a mortar and pestle.|[0169] Inorganic speciesgms Iron Oxide30 Iron Nitrate nonahydrate20 Calcium Oxide20 Calcium Phosphate5 Magnesium Carbonate15 Zinc Oxide5 |[0170] To 10 gm of the above mixture, the following trace mineral components are added with further grinding.|[0171] Speciesgms Copper Sulfate1.2 Ammonium Molybdate0.6 Manganese Oxide0.1 Cobalt Nitrate hexahydrate0.01 Boric Acid0.002 Selenium Chloride0.001 Vanadium Chloride0.0001 Nickel Chloride0.0001 Chromium Chloride0.0001 |[0172] To this solid powder, 300 mL of colloidal silica in water (Snowtex-N, Nissan Chemical Industries, Tokyo Japan) and 400 mL Perlite are added. The slurry is quickly mixed in a wiper-type rotary mixer and extruded as coarse gel pellets into a furnace designed with modification from the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,257,799. Brief exposure to temperatures of about 1000° C. results in a glass coating on the pellets. By adjusting transit temperatures and times in the furnace, a hard, pelletized inorganic composition having a density of less than 1 gm/cm3 results. The pellets readily disperse when floated on water and are sufficiently buoyant as to provide a strongly retroreflective substrate.|[0173] Similar results can be obtained through the use of blowing agents which decompose at elevated temperature (for example urea at temperatures exceeding 600° C.) without the need for Perlite or glass hollow microspheres. The resultant products contain no organic components, the blowing agent having been decomposed to inorganic components (in the case of urea, carbon dioxide and ammonia). Gas injected into molten glasses also results in floating glass “pellets”, sensu lato. Methods for rapid thermal processing are favored so as to limit gaseous diffusion in the matrix during processing.|Example 5|[0174] A formulation development sequence is undertaken which results in a mineraline composition in a glass or crystalline flotational matrix that favors the growth of diatoms.|Example 6|[0175] A formulation development sequence is undertaken which results in a mineraline composition in a glass or crystalline buoyant matrix that favors the growth of coccolithophorids.|Example 7|[0176] A formulation development sequence is undertaken which results in a fractal, porous mineraline substrate in a glass or crystalline flotational matrix that favors the establishment of a complex food chain of primary producers grazers, and higher trophic levels.|Example 8|[0177] A formulation development sequence is undertaken which results in a glass or crystalline flotational composition that enhances the albedo of planetary surface bodies of water.|Example 9|[0178] In support of the development sequences of Examples 5, 6, 7, and 8, an ocean buoy of FIG. 5 or 6 is designed and anchored at a suitable field study site. Data collected in the field include insolation and reflected radiation, gross and net sequestration in sediments, primary production, and harvestable fish yields, comparing different formulations.|[0179] Also evaluated in the field are the weatherability and leaching rates of the formulations, although preliminary evaluations are typically made in stirred vessels of the sort used by the pharmaceutical industry to measure tablet dissolution.|Example 10|[0180] A modified stoneware clay is mixed as follows:|[0181] Water28 lb Fireclay:41 lb OM4 Ball Clay:24 lb Kaolin:10 lb Silica Powder:10 lb Sodium Silicate 40% (v/v):20 lb G-200 Feldspar10 lb Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn and trace elements10 lb |[0182] The mixture is mixed with forced injection of air or CO2 and extruded into a ribbon. During firing, the green ceramic ribbon is coated with a glass mixture of titanium oxide and silica dioxide or magnesium fluoride. An inorganic gas precursor such as urea is included. As a practical matter, it may be useful to include fibers for tensile strength, such as those of Kevlar® (Dupont, Richmond Va.), glass wool, carbon fibers, graphite, gypsum, or polyester. Larger structures can be made by applying the clay over a cementitious vessel composed of Sorel Cement or Portland Cement.|Example 11|[0183] Perlite floated in an inorganic algal growth medium in a Petri dish was heavily and rapidly colonized by mixed populations of algae and diatoms after inoculation with soil or pond water. This primary producer population was soon joined by grazers and heterotrophic species.|Example 12|[0184] As a full scale field demonstration, a prill [nozzle extruded] of mineral:silica glass formulation impregnated with microbubbles is released into the equatorial Pacific Ocean in an area of offshore flow from Peru, from which it disperses in a generally east to west track by the action of currents as a plume larger than the size of New Zealand. The material has a half-life of 1 year and contains iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and trace copper, molybdate, manganese, cobalt, borate, selenium, vanadium, and nickel, supplemented with nitrate, phosphate, and with blowgas enriched in CO2. The free-flowing, buoyant prill particles are designed to promote growth of phytoplankton, increase higher trophic levels and complexity, increase sedimentary deadfall of fixed carbon, and to have sustained release properties.|[0185] Production is assumed to be 2 million metric tons annually. Cost per metric ton of raw material is on the order of $20 US FOB. Plant capacity is expected to cost US$25-50M. Energy capacity for operating the plant is on the order of 20 MW, at a cost of $50 to $100 per MWhr. These figures are based on US production of an analogous material termed in the trade, “perlite”, such as is used extensively in horticulture and insulation.|[0186] If dispersed at 5 gm per meter squared, production is sufficient to cover 360,000 square kilometers of ocean. Reaching the central pacific in about 3 months, the material acts as snow or ice, reflecting incident sunlight. An increase of 0.05 in albedo is obtained. An immediate decrease in surface temperature in the plume due to the increased albedo is estimated from the Stephan-Boltzmann equation, assuming pseudo-adiabatic surface layer cooling. The calculated value is a reduction in SST of 2.9° C., based on a reduction in insolation absorbed by the ocean water of 17 Watts/m2. Because ENSO events are associated with 4° C. increases in central warm pool Pacific Ocean temperatures, this 2.9° C. cooling is highly significant. A similar drop in air temperature over the affected body of water is also noted. As an immediate result: 1) an ENSO event predicted for that year is significantly reduced in intensity; 2) there is no drought in Australia that year; 3) the expected El Niño off Chile does not materialize, 4) the Humboldt current continues with offshore flow and ocean upwelling, 5) contributing indirectly to good fishing that year. No harm is done, and the material has essentially vanished in less than 3 years.|[0187] Furthermore, by increasing net sedimentary benthic export of fixed CO2 to 3 gm CO2/m2/day in the plume, an annualized deadfall (fixed carbon to the benthos) of 275 tC/km2/yr is feasible. In a plume of 360,000 km2, 0.4 Gt CO2 is exported below the 100 Year horizon over a year.|[0188] The cooling effect is multiplied by synergic effects. Following release, the sulfur cycle is studied. As surface mixing decreases in the plume, DMS production increases significantly, resulting in increased kumogenesis extending thousands of miles downstream, generally westerly, from the plume. A noticeable cooling of the earth that season is observed as the result of the de novo stimulation of cloud formation over the Pacific.|[0189] In this example, the rate of release of nutrients from the prill is determined by the leachable counterion content of the glass. Calcium oxide will desolubilize glass, and monovalent anions such as potassium oxide will increase it. By adjusting the ratio of divalent to monovalent cations in the glass, its solubility and rate of leaching can be controlled. The ratio of cross-sectional area to surface area is also a factor in controlling leaching. By modifying the underside of the prill in a floating matrix such as an extruded ribbon cut to suitable lengths, increased biological habitat can be obtained. Increases in primary production are also associated with increases in production of harvestable species. Buoyant SRC prill may also be made from foamed or exploded clay, such as kaolin, which is far more abundant than perlite glass.|[0190] All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Information Data Sheets, are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments. These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the specifics of the disclosure. | Family Number|(71778891)|71778891|Abstract|(US8535107 B2)|Described here are compositions, methods and apparatus for biological and physical geoengineering. Disclosed are inorganic particles, prill, pucks, or floats for dispersal on a body of water. These compositions are found to A) increase yields for pelagic aquaculture, B) increase carbon sequestration, and C) provide immediate relief from global warming by directly increasing surface albedo, reducing sea surface temperatures, and indirectly by increasing cloud nucleation activity. A vertical spar buoy or spar buoy network is provided. The buoys or array of buoys are designed to resist wave motion while supporting an analytical platform below the 100-Year Horizon. Sedimentary deadfall through the 100-Year Horizon is measured and flux of fixed carbon is reported and validated. Issuance of validated carbon sequestration certificates and monetization and trading of those certificates are also described.|(US8882552 B2)|Described here are compositions, methods and apparatus for biological and physical geoengineering. A vertical spar buoy or spar buoy network is provided. The buoys or array of buoys are designed to resist wave motion while supporting an analytical platform at a depth such that particulate flux of fixed carbon is indicative of sequestration in the ocean's depths for one hundred years or more. Sedimentary deadfall through the 100-Year Horizon is measured to validate the flux of fixed carbon. Issuance of validated carbon sequestration certificates and monetization and trading of those certificates are described. Also provided are compositions and methods for increasing bioactive surface area and nutrient levels so as to promote carbon sequestration. 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(US8882552)|Biophysical geoengineering compositions and methods Résumé: (US8882552)|Described here are compositions, methods and apparatus for biological and physical geoengineering. A vertical spar buoy or spar buoy network is provided. The buoys or array of buoys are designed to resist wave motion while supporting an analytical platform at a depth such that particulate flux of fixed carbon is indicative of sequestration in the ocean's depths for one hundred years or more. Sedimentary deadfall through the 100-Year Horizon is measured to validate the flux of fixed carbon. Issuance of validated carbon sequestration certificates and monetization and trading of those certificates are described. Also provided are compositions and methods for increasing bioactive surface area and nutrient levels so as to promote carbon sequestration. Regeneration of carbon dioxide in the mesopelagic water column is reduced by providing complex habitat in the photic zone, thus ensuring higher complexity of trophic levels and sedimentary deadfall having larger particulate size. | 60.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The patent discusses methods and compositions for promoting carbon sequestration in the ocean, including increasing nutrient levels to enhance biological processes, which aligns with ocean iron fertilization and the biological carbon pump. | 6.0 | 28.0 | (US8882552)|1|(US8535107)|1 | (US8882552)|18|(US8535107)|10 | (US8882552)|19|(US20130339216)|19|(US8535107)|11|(US20120011050)|14 | 0.0 | 24.0 | 1.0 | (US8882552)|28|(US8535107)|25 | 6.0 | 2.0 | (US8882552)|Number of Claims: NCL=19|Number of Drawings: NDR=26|Number of Figures: NFG=40|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Avila Stephen|Art Unit.: ART =3617||(US20130339216)|Number of Claims: NCL=19|Number of Drawings: NDR=26|Number of Figures: NFG=38|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Avila Stephen|Art Unit.: ART =3617||(US8535107)|Number of Claims: NCL=11|Number of Drawings: NDR=19|Number of Figures: NFG=31|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Extended under 35 USC 154(b) the following days: EXTD=97|Primary examiner: Avila Stephen|Art Unit.: ART =3617||(US20120011050)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Number of Drawings: NDR=19|Number of Figures: NFG=30|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Avila Stephen|Art Unit.: ART =3617| | (US8882552)|CIP of: US12/463,409 FDD=2009-05-10 [2009US-12463409]|CIP of: US12/404,691 FDD=2009-03-16 [2009US-12404691] abandoned|CIP of: US12/345,661 FDD=2008-12-29 [2008US-12345661] abandoned|CIP of: US8535107 |CIP of: US13/225,885 FDD=2011-09-06 [2011US-13225885]|CIP of: US8033879 |Provisional Appl: US61/009,414 FDD=2007-12-29 [2007US-61009414]|Previous publication: US20130339216 A1 2013-12-19 [US20130339216]|(US8535107)|CIP of: US12/463,409 FDD=2009-05-10 [2009US-12463409]|CIP of: US12/404,691 FDD=2009-03-16 [2009US-12404691] abandoned|CIP of: US12/345,661 FDD=2008-12-29 [2008US-12345661] abandoned|CIP of: US8033879 2011-10-11 [US8033879]|Provisional Appl: US61/009,414 FDD=2007-12-29 [2007US-61009414]|Previous publication: US20120011050 A1 2012-01-12 [US20120011050] | (US8882552)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US8882552)|Patent|(US20130339216)|Patent|(US8535107)|Patent|(US20120011050)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||
| 70 | JP2018023410 | JP2018023410 | JP6979206|JP2019137590 | 85763699 | JP6979206 B2 2021-12-08 [JP6979206]|JP2019137590 A 2019-08-22 [JP2019137590] | 2018-02-13 | 2018-02-13 | 2021-12-08|2019-08-22 | (JP6979206)|2021-12-08 | (JP6979206)|2038-02-13 | (JP6979206)|Iron Supply and Iron Supply Method | (JP6979206)|PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an iron supply material of on-demand type that is water-insoluble, is not flowed away by ocean stream or rain, and can easily supply iron ions in such a form that plants or algae can readily take in responding to requirements for the plants or algae.SOLUTION: An iron supply material of this invention includes a chelate function to iron ions and mainly includes a water-insoluble base material to which trivalent iron ions are chelate-bonded. The base material includes at least one selected from tea leaves and wood, and the wood includes wood chips, sawdust, and waste wood. The iron supply material, when used, is sprayed over the soil, or is stored in a net and placed in any of the soil, the water, or the sea. When plants or bacteria absorb iron ions, the plants or bacteria discharge a specific chelate substance and absorb the formed iron-chelate compound through a cell membrane. A method of supplying iron of this invention includes: causing trivalent iron ions from the water-insoluble iron supplying material including the trivalent iron ions to be combined with the chelate substance discharged by the plants or bacteria and to be transferred; and causing the formed water-soluble iron compound to be absorbed by the plants, etc.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1COPYRIGHT: (C)2019,JPO&INPIT | DISEASE ADSORPTION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES | (JP6979206)|Disease Adsorption System Technologies Co., Ltd.|(JP2019137590)|Disease Adsorption System Technologies Co., Ltd. | NISHIDA YUZO | (JP6979206)|NISHIDA, Yuzo|(JP2019137590)|NISHIDA YUZO | (JP6979206)|ASANO Noriko|Reg. Nb: 100126398 | (JP6979206)|The iron feed of the present invention has the advantage that tea leaves, wood chips, sawdust, wood chips and the like can be used as materials, and the synthesis method thereof is also simple, so that they can be obtained in large quantities at low cost.|Conventional similar iron fertilizers are used as aqueous solutions containing iron (II) ions, but they have drawbacks such as, because they are water soluble, they can flow away by rain or the like even in the field, cannot be used in a wide sea or the like, and because they are intended for ferric iron ions, absorption efficiency is low, and the like. the iron feed material of the present invention completely covers these drawbacks.|Furthermore, the iron compound or iron chelate compound used in Patent Document 1 is water-soluble per se, and may easily flow away due to, for example, ocean current or rain, which leads to problems in that the iron compound or iron chelate compound used in Patent Document 1 is not effectively used in algal or farms requiring iron. Furthermore, the chelating substance used in the invention described in Patent Document 1 (for example, EDTA or the like) is expensive, and it is not realistic from the perspective of cost. The same applies to the methods described in Patent Documents 2 to 3, and since a water-soluble iron chelate compound is used, there are problems of outflow due to ocean current, rain, or the like and problems of cost.|The ferric iron compound, although the possibility of precipitation formation decreases, is water soluble, and thus the ferric iron compound is highly problematic in terms of outflow into seawater. Similarly, this technique cannot be used as fertilizer in a field.| | (JP6979206)|1. An iron supply material mainly composed of a water-insoluble base material having chelating ability with respect to iron ions, wherein ferric iron ions chelates to the base material.| | (JP6979206)|According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an iron supply material that is insoluble in water, does not flow due to ocean current, rain, or the like, and that can easily supply iron ions in a form that plants, algae, or the like easily incorporate in accordance with demand from plants, algae, or the like, and a method for supplying iron.|Another object of the present invention is to provide an iron feed material and an iron feed method that are capable of greatly suppressing costs and have excellent practicality.|The present invention relates to a novel iron-supplying material that is insoluble in water and capable of supplying ferric iron ions when needed by plants, algae, or the like, and further relates to a method for supplying iron.| | (JP6979206)|IRON SUPPLY(100,26)|IRON ION(100,21)|IRON SUPPLY MATERIAL(100,9)|WATER INSOLUBLE BASE(100,4)|IRON FERTILIZER(100,1)|FERRIC IRON COMPOUND(73,2)|OCEAN CURRENT(67,5)|FERRIC IRON ION(63,20)|PRECIPITATION FORMATION DECREASE(58,1)|CHELATING SUBSTANCE(55,8)|RAIN(53,8)|OUTFLOW(48,3)|ALGAE(47,8)|WIDE SEA(46,1)|IRON CHELATE(45,8)|SUPPRESSING COST(41,2)|SAWDUST(40,5)|FERTILIZER(38,2)|WOOD CHIP(36,20)|IRON CHELATE COMPOUND(33,5)|SEAWATER(32,12)|TEA LEAF(31,20)|IRON SUPPLYING(31,2)|GROUND(27,6)|AQUEOUS SOLUTION(26,3)|SEAWEED EAKS EDIBLE GROWTH(26,1)|FERRIC IRON ION CHELATE(24,4)|EDTA(22,13)|IRON COMPOUND(21,7)|SEA LIVE REJUVENATION(20,1)|ALGAE GROWTH CHITOSAN(18,1)|ANIMAL PLANKTON COLLECT(18,1)|NUTRIENT PROMOTING UPTAKE(18,1)|PLANT PLANKTON IRON ABSORPTION(18,1)|SAND SOIL(16,4)|IRON FEED MATERIAL(16,3)|AGRICULTURAL REJUVENATION(16,1)|CHITOSAN DERIVED IRON FEEDSTOCK(16,1)|FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE(14,2)|FERRIC CHELATE(14,1)|JAPANESE CEDARWOOD CHIP(14,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROMOTION(14,1)|BASE MATERIAL(13,6)|BACTERIA(13,5)|EARTH FRIENDLY FERTILIZER(12,1)|GRAMINE PLANT(12,1)|IRON ION UPTAKE(12,1)|SEAWEED GROWTH(12,1)|SHORE BURNING(12,1)|UPTAKE PROMOTION(12,1)|CHITOSAN DERIVED IRON SUPPLY(11,2)|CHITOSAN DERIVED POLYMER COMPLEX(11,2)|BEHAVIOR(10,3)|POLYPHENOL(10,3)|BUCKLE GROWTH(10,1)|COAST ENVIRONMENT(10,1)|CRYSTALLINE PRECIPITATE(10,1)|DIATOMACEOUS GROWTH TEST(10,1)|ION CHELATION COMPOUND(10,1)|LIBERATED IRON(10,1)|MUCIN IC ACID(10,1)|PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER ACTION(10,1)|PROACTIVELY INCREASING IRON(10,1)|SOLID IRON COPRESENCE(10,1)|VEGETATIVE COMPOUND(10,1)|VEGETATIVE EARTH(10,1)|WOOD DEBRIS(10,1)|FILTRATE(9,3)|FERRIC ION(8,5)|BUCKWHEAT(8,2)|CHELATING POWER(8,2)|BROWN COMPOUND(8,1)|CHELATING FORCE(8,1)|DISSOLVING IRON(8,1)|IRON DISSOLUTION(8,1)|IRON ION BONDING(8,1)|IRON PRECIPITATION FORMATION REACTION(8,1)|MUCINIC ACID(8,1)|NATURAL ENVIRONMENT REJUVENATION(8,1)|PHOSPHATE ION(8,1)||(JP2019137590)|IRON SUPPLY(100,28)|IRON ION(100,24)|IRON SUPPLY MATERIAL(100,10)|WATER INSOLUBLE BASE(100,4)|TRIVALENT IRON ION(100,3)|CHELATE SUBSTANCE(81,2)|IRON FERTILIZER(80,1)|FERRIC IRON COMPOUND(59,2)|OCEAN CURRENT(54,5)|FERRIC IRON ION(51,20)|ALGAE(49,10)|RAIN(48,9)|PRECIPITATION FORMATION DECREASE(46,1)|CHELATING SUBSTANCE(44,8)|OCEAN STREAM(43,1)|IRON CHELATE(42,9)|SAWDUST(40,6)|WASTE WOOD(40,1)|GROUND(39,8)|OUTFLOW(39,3)|BACTERIA(37,8)|WIDE SEA(37,1)|WOOD CHIP(33,21)|SUPPRESSING COST(33,2)|TEA LEAF(30,21)|FERTILIZER(30,2)|IRON CHELATE COMPOUND(27,5)|SEAWATER(26,12)|IRON SUPPLYING(25,2)|CHELATE FUNCTION(25,1)|WATER INSOLUBLE IRON(22,1)|IRON COMPOUND(21,8)|AQUEOUS SOLUTION(21,3)|SEAWEED EAKS EDIBLE GROWTH(21,1)|FERRIC IRON ION CHELATE(19,4)|SEA LIVE REJUVENATION(16,1)|BASE MATERIAL(14,8)|ALGAE GROWTH CHITOSAN(14,1)|ANIMAL PLANKTON COLLECT(14,1)|NUTRIENT PROMOTING UPTAKE(14,1)|PLANT PLANKTON IRON ABSORPTION(14,1)|IRON FEED MATERIAL(13,3)|SAND SOIL(12,4)|AGRICULTURAL REJUVENATION(12,1)|CHITOSAN DERIVED IRON FEEDSTOCK(12,1)|FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE(11,2)|FERRIC CHELATE(11,1)|IRON CHELATE FORMATION(11,1)|JAPANESE CEDARWOOD CHIP(11,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROMOTION(11,1)|EDETIC ACID(10,13)|CHITOSAN DERIVED IRON SUPPLY(9,2)|CHITOSAN DERIVED POLYMER COMPLEX(9,2)|EARTH FRIENDLY FERTILIZER(9,1)|IRON ION UPTAKE(9,1)|SEAWEED GROWTH(9,1)|SHORE BURNING(9,1)|UPTAKE PROMOTION(9,1)|BEHAVIOR(8,3)|POLYPHENOL(8,3)|BUCKLE GROWTH(8,1)|COAST ENVIRONMENT(8,1)|CRYSTALLINE PRECIPITATE(8,1)|DIATOMACEOUS GROWTH TEST(8,1)|ION CHELATION COMPOUND(8,1)|LIBERATED IRON(8,1)|MUCIN IC ACID(8,1)|PROACTIVELY INCREASING IRON(8,1)|SOLID IRON COPRESENCE(8,1)|VEGETATIVE COMPOUND(8,1)|VEGETATIVE EARTH(8,1)|WOOD DEBRIS(8,1)|FERRIC ION(7,5)|FILTRATE(7,3)|BUCKWHEAT(6,2)|CHELATING POWER(6,2)|BROWN COMPOUND(6,1)|CHELATING FORCE(6,1)|DISSOLVING IRON(6,1)|IRON DISSOLUTION(6,1)|IRON ION BONDING(6,1)|IRON PRECIPITATION FORMATION REACTION(6,1)|MUCINIC ACID(6,1)| | (JP6979206)|1. An iron supply material mainly composed of a water-insoluble base material having chelating ability with respect to iron ions, wherein ferric iron ions chelates to the base material.|2. The iron feed according to claim 1, wherein the base material is at least one selected from tea leaves and wood.|3. The iron feed according to claim 2, wherein the wood is in the form of any of wood chips, sawdust, and wood chips.|4. An iron-supplying method comprising spraying the iron-supplying material described in claim 1 onto soil.|5. An iron-supplying method comprising: housing the iron-supplying material described in claim 1 in a net; and allowing the iron-supplying material to sit in one of soil, water, and sea. | (JP6979206)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to a novel iron-supplying material that is insoluble in water and capable of supplying ferric iron ions when needed by plants, algae, or the like, and further relates to a method for supplying iron.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Iron has catalytic action such as promoting uptake of nutrients such as nitric acid in plant plankton, promoting photosynthesis, and the like, and is thought to be effective in growing plant plankton. In recent years, it has been reported that iron flowing into the kawa or sea tends to decrease due to cutting of forest or the like, or that iron in seawater tends to decrease due to global warming. as a result, it is thought that shore burning or the like occurs in which algal bodies disappear.|[0003] As a measure for solving such a problem, proactively increasing iron is thought to be effective, and it is highly possible to regenerate such a burned lost algal field by increasing iron in seawater. If the iron in the seawater increases, the plant plankton propagates, the animal plankton that prefers the plant plankton increases, and shrimps, small fish, and the like that prefer the animal plankton collect, thereby regenerating the algal field and making the coast environment favorable. Furthermore, it is expected that large fish collect due to the growth of seaweed eaks edible by fish and that a good fishery is produced.|[0004] As a method for increasing iron in seawater, a seaweed growing method has been proposed in which a base body containing iron or an iron compound is embedded and attached to the surface of a defense facility with a buffer material interposed therebetween so that the surface is exposed (see Patent Document 1). In this seaweed growth method, a method is employed in which the dissolved iron in seawater is gradually increased by dissolving iron or iron compounds contained in the substrate as iron ions.|[0005] In addition, in the same manner as the method described in Patent Document 1, a method using an iron chelate compound (Patent Document 2 To Patent Document 3, and the like), and a method of allowing solid iron and a chelating substance to coexist (Patent Documents 4 to 5. Patent Document 9 and the like) and the like have also been proposed.|CITATION LIST|PATENT LITERATURE|[0006] PATENT CITATIONS |JP 2802575 a|JP 2012-07539 a|JP 2014-201470 a|JP 2016-195579 a|JP 2015-226511 a|JP 4710036 a|JP 5682906 a|JP 6090665 a|JP 6012127 a|SUMMARY OF INVENTION|TECHNICAL PROBLEM|[0007] However, for example, the method described in Patent Document 1 has a significant problem in that the supplied iron is not effectively used. In other words, iron can be present in a divalent state in which it is easy to dissolve in a liquid having a low pH, but precipitates are readily formed in seawater having a high pH of about 8.3, so the iron absorption efficiency of the plant plankton is extremely low. In the method described in Patent Document 1, a base body containing iron or an iron compound is simply provided in seawater, and thus iron dissolved in the seawater as iron ions from this base body is considered to be in a trivalent state. therefore, increased iron is rapidly precipitated and formed, and thus the possibility of being efficiently absorbed by the plant plankton is very low.|[0008] Furthermore, the iron compound or iron chelate compound used in Patent Document 1 is water-soluble per se, and may easily flow away due to, for example, ocean current or rain, which leads to problems in that the iron compound or iron chelate compound used in Patent Document 1 is not effectively used in algal or farms requiring iron. Furthermore, the chelating substance used in the invention described in Patent Document 1 (for example, EDTA or the like) is expensive, and it is not realistic from the perspective of cost.|[0009] The same applies to the methods described in Patent Documents 2 to 3, and since a water-soluble iron chelate compound is used, there are problems of outflow due to ocean current, rain, or the like and problems of cost.|[0010] On the other hand, in a method in which solid iron and a chelating substance are co-present, such as the methods described in Patent Documents 4 to 9, the problem of outflow is avoided to some extent, but the co-presence of solid iron and chelating substance alone results in extremely low iron chelate compound formation rate, which is impractical.|[0011] In addition, although the method described in Patent Document 4 efficiently supplies iron (II) ions to plants or seaweed, there is a high possibility that ferric ions generated from solid iron in seawater are easily oxidized (3 ferric iron) and converted into compounds (precipitates) that are not available for plankton or the like. The ferric iron compound, although the possibility of precipitation formation decreases, is water soluble, and thus the ferric iron compound is highly problematic in terms of outflow into seawater. Similarly, this technique cannot be used as fertilizer in a field. This is because if rain or the like falls, all of these ferric ions will flow away.|[0012] The present invention has been proposed in view of such conventional circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an iron supply material that is insoluble in water, that does not flow due to ocean current, rain, or the like, and that can easily supply iron ions in a form that plants, algae, or the like readily incorporate in accordance with demand from plants, algae, or the like. furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for supplying iron. Another object of the present invention is to provide an iron feed material and an iron feed method that are capable of greatly suppressing costs and have excellent practicality.|TECHNICAL SOLUTION|[0013] In order to achieve the object described above, the iron supply material of the present invention is mainly composed of a water insoluble base material having chelating ability with respect to iron ions, and ferric iron ions chelates bonded to the base material. In addition, the iron supply method of the present invention is characterized by spraying the iron supply material onto soil, or by housing the iron supply material in a net and then allowing the iron supply material to sit in the soil, water, or sea.|[0014] In the iron feed material of the present invention, ferric iron ions chelate bond directly to the water-insoluble substrate, so the iron chelate compound (ferric iron ions chelate bond to the substrate) is also insoluble in water. Accordingly, the supplied iron does not flow away due to ocean current, rain, or the like. Furthermore, ferric iron ions chelate-bonded to the substrate produced by the present invention migrate to chelating substances such as plants due to the relative difference in chelating power between both substances in environments where a unique chelating substance exists that is released by plants, algae, or the like in order to incorporate iron from the outside. The ferric chelate compound derived from plants and the like thus formed is rapidly incorporated into plants, algae and the like. Furthermore, tea leaves (tea shell), wood chips, sawdust, wood chips, and the like can be used as a water-insoluble base material having chelating ability with respect to iron ions, and costs are hardly incurred.|ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS|[0015] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an iron supply material that is insoluble in water, does not flow due to ocean current, rain, or the like, and that can easily supply iron ions in a form that plants, algae, or the like easily incorporate in accordance with demand from plants, algae, or the like, and a method for supplying iron. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an iron supply material and an iron supply method that are capable of significantly suppressing cost, have little environmental impact, and have excellent practicality because the substrate is a natural biodegradable material.|DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0016] Is a photograph showing the difference in appearance due to the presence or absence of iron ion bonding of the wood chips. Are photographs showing differences in plant growth state due to the presence or absence of an iron feed material having tea leaves as a base in a sand ground. Are photographs showing differences in plant growth state due to the presence or absence of an iron feed based on wood chips in a sand ground. Are photographs showing differences in plant growth state due to the presence or absence of an iron supply material having wood chips as a base material in a sand ground. Are photographs showing differences in the growth state of plants in humor due to the presence or absence of an iron supply material having tea leaves as a base material.|DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS|[0017] Embodiments of an iron feed material and an iron feed method to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail below.|[0018] The iron supply material of the present invention is mainly composed of a water-insoluble base material having chelating ability with respect to iron ions, and ferric iron ions chelates bonded to the base material.|[0019] Here, any material that has chelating ability with respect to iron ions and is insoluble in water may be used as the base material, but tea leaves (tea shell), wood chips, sawdust, wood chips, and the like are preferable from the perspective of being readily available and costly. Each of these substrates (such as tea leaves) has hydroxyl groups derived from polyphenols on the surface and has chelating ability with respect to iron ions (particularly ferric iron ions).|[0020] Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, a chelate-forming site can be introduced into a polymer that is insoluble in water, and this can be used as a substrate. Specific examples thereof include chitosan derived polymers that are insoluble in water into which a chelate-forming site has been introduced. The state in which ferric iron ions chelate-bond to this chitosan derived polymer is shown in Formula 1.|[0021] |[0022] Ferric iron ions are chelate-bonded to the substrate, and iron required for growth of plants and the like is supplied by spraying the ferric iron ions onto soil as an iron supply material or by housing the iron supply material in a net and allowing the iron to sit in soil, water, or sea. Chelate-binding of ferric ions to the substrate may be performed simply by treating the substrate with an aqueous solution of an iron salt, such as an iron salt of citric acid.|[0023] The method for supplying iron of the present invention is based on the fact that when plants or bacteria absorb iron ions, chelating substances specific to plants or bacteria are released, and the formed iron chelating compounds are absorbed from the cell membrane, Ferric iron ions are transferred from an iron feed material containing ferric iron ions and insoluble in water by binding with chelating substances released by the plants and bacteria, and water-soluble iron compounds formed as a result are absorbed by the plants and the like.|[0024] Furthermore, the iron feed of the present invention has a higher chelating force to ferric iron than to other elements, and has iron selectivity. Because of the state of the iron chelate compound, interaction (precipitation) with other components in the ocean is less likely to occur. On the other hand, since iron can be easily transferred to chelating substances released when plants, algae, and plant plankton obtain iron from the outside world, the plant has excellent characteristics in that iron (III) ions are supplied when iron is required, and ferric iron can be retained by the plant. The mechanism of iron supply according to the invention will now be described.|[0025] When examining the iron ion uptake mechanism of plants in detail, for example, it has been found that mucinic acid shown in Chemical Formula 2 is extracted from the root, a chelate compound is formed with iron (III) ions in water, and the chelate compound is incorporated from the root. Mucinic acid is very similar to ethylenediamine-4 acetic acid (EDTA), which is well known in laboratory systems, in terms of chelate structure. Chemical formula 3 indicates the dissociation of protons and the structure of EDTA, and chemical formula 4 indicates the structure of the iron (III) complex of EDTA.|[0026] |[0027] |[0028] |[0029] For example, a chitosan derived polymer represented by Formula 1 is insoluble in water, but when the high-molecular-weight iron (III) complex reacts with, for example, EDTA, the iron (III) ion easily passes to the EDTA due to the relative difference in chelating power. That is, as shown in Formula 5, when chelate (EDTA) approaches a chitosan derived polymer complex, iron (III) ions move from the chitosan derived polymer complex to EDTA. This indicates that chitosan derived polymer complexes are insoluble in water and chelates to inhibit the precipitation formation reaction of iron (III) ions and maintain the state of iron (III) ions while readily providing ferric iron ions in aqueous solution in the presence of an appropriate chelating agent.|[0030] |[0031] The same applies to tea leaves (tea shells), wood chips, sawdust, wood debris, and the like, and these materials also have hydroxyl groups derived from polyphenols, so complexes in which iron (III) ions are chelate-bonded to the hydroxyl groups can serve as a supply of ferric iron ions.|[0032] As described above, plants, bacteria, and the like release chelate compounds specific to plants, bacteria, and the like when absorbing iron ions, and absorb water-soluble iron chelate compounds formed in the external environment from the cell membrane. At this time, the iron ion that binds to the chelate is in either the divalent state or the trivalent state, but in general, the binding capacity of the ferric iron ion to the chelate is much higher than that of the ferric iron ion. For example, the iron-chelating compound formation constant with ferric iron ions of EDTA is 1025, whereas that of ferric iron ions is 1016, and differences are evident. Therefore, in the present invention, ferric ions are targeted.|[0033] The iron supply material and the iron supply method of the present invention having the characteristics described above have the following advantages.|[0034] The iron supply material of the present invention is insoluble in water, and therefore iron ions do not flow away in rain or the like even when the iron supply material is in a field, and because the iron ions are in a chelated state, precipitation does not occur even when the iron ions coexist with phosphate ions, and thus the iron ions do not interfere with the action of phosphate fertilizer. Since the raw material is tea leaves, wood chips, or the like, it is an earth friendly fertilizer, iron can be supplied when plants or the like require iron, and the like. Conventional similar iron fertilizers are used as aqueous solutions containing iron (II) ions, but they have drawbacks such as, because they are water soluble, they can flow away by rain or the like even in the field, cannot be used in a wide sea or the like, and because they are intended for ferric iron ions, absorption efficiency is low, and the like. the iron feed material of the present invention completely covers these drawbacks.|[0035] The iron feed of the present invention has the advantage that tea leaves, wood chips, sawdust, wood chips and the like can be used as materials, and the synthesis method thereof is also simple, so that they can be obtained in large quantities at low cost. These materials can not only be used as fertilizers for plants, such as agricultural rejuvenation or agricultural applications in sand areas such as the middle east, but also can be replenished with iron ions regardless of whether the sea temperature level is high or low in natural environment rejuvenation (for example, sea live rejuvenation or the like:. Even in environments where growth was not possible due to the fact that growth was not possible due to the fact that there were few iron ions in the form available due to high water temperatures, the present invention can be used in many matters such as) where kelp grows. At this time, these compounds themselves can be sprayed onto the field, ocean, or mound, but can also be mixed with various compounds to change their form and used (for example, in the form of a tadon or group, or the like).|[0036] Since the stability (chemical and thermal) of the iron feed [iron (III) chelate] of the invention is very high, its behaviour is not affected at all by pH, temperature, etc. in the seawater.|[0037] Embodiments of the iron supply material and the iron supply method to which the present invention is applied have been described above, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.|EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE|[0038] Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described on the basis of experimental results.|[0039] Synthesis of iron feedExample 1: a polymer derived from chitosan in which a chelate forming site was introduced (a sample synthesized on the chitosan 1 g scale) was suspended in 200 ml of water, to which 5 g of ferric ammonium citrate was added and left to stand for 24 hours at 50 °C. The resulting brown compound was filtered, washed several times with water at 50 °C, and air-dried. A chitosan derived iron feed was thereby obtained.|[0040] The method of synthesizing a polymer derived from chitosan into which a chelate-forming site is introduced is as follows. That is, chitosan (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, available from Crub Shell) 700 mg and vanillin (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 350 mg were added to a mixed solvent of 5% acetic acid solution 50 ml and methanol 50 ml. Sodium borohydride (available from Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) 3 g was gradually added to the obtained gel-like solution until a crystalline precipitate formed. When precipitate formation ceased, suction filtration was performed, and the mixture was then washed with water and methanol. The obtained composite was air-dried, and then vacuum-dried.|[0041] Example 2: Japan tea leaves (commercially available), 100 g were added to warm water (50 °C) 300 ml to which ferric ammonium citrate (20 g) was added and allowed to sit for 24 hours. Filtered once and washed several times with warm water (50 °C). This resulted in a tea leaves derived iron feed. Note that the first filtrate at this time was used in Example 3, and thus the filtrate was stored without being discarded.|[0042] Example 3: An iron (III)-iminodiacetic acid complex solution (200 ml, ferric chloride hexahydrate, solution obtained on a 13.4 g scale) was added to a filtrate 300 ml obtained after ferric ammonium citrate reaction with the tea leaves obtained in Example 2, wood chips were added thereto, and the mixture was left to stand for 3 to 4 days. Wood chips that turned black due to chelation of iron (III) ions were filtered, washed several times with water and dried in air. This resulted in a wood chips-derived iron feed. The same applies to wood chips (barley) to obtain wood chips derived therefrom.|[0043] Effect as iron feedFirst, the iron (III) ion content in the dry sample was measured for each of the produced iron feeds. The measurement was performed by soaking samples (1 to 10 g) in 1 M-hydrochloric acid for several hours to liberate iron (III) chelated to the iron supply and assessing the liberated iron (III) ions using EDTA. The results are shown in Table 1.|TABLE 1|[0044] |[0045] Fig. 1 shows the difference in appearance due to the presence or absence of iron ion bonds in the wood chips. Japanese cedar wood chips are skin colored as shown on the left of Fig. 1, but when chelated with iron (III) ions, they turn black as shown in the center of Fig. 1. When the chip is immersed in the 1 M-EDTA solution, the color gradually disappears and returns to the original skin color (Fig. 1 right). That is, the iron compound obtained from chips indicates that it can serve as a supply of iron (III) ions to EDTA having a structure similar to that of chelate compounds such as plants.|[0046] Tea leaves are well known with polyphenols in the central structure. They readily react with iron (III) ions. Thus, tea leaves (turning to black) in which iron ions were chelated were produced, and it was confirmed that when the iron (III) ion chelation compound (tea leaves) was brought into contact with EDTA, the iron (III) ions were easily transferred to the EDTA. That is, it was shown that an effective iron (III) ion supply can be produced from tea leaves with the process of the invention.|[0047] Whether or not the compound obtained by the growth experiments of buckles actually functions as an iron ion source to plants was examined in the growth process of buckles, which are one of the gramines plants. The soil was investigated in vegetative earth and sand (no vegetative compound was added). The buckwheat was commercially available (manufactured by Takiyi Co., Ltd.), and was left to stand for 30 days at room temperature (20 to 28 °C), and the lengths of stems were measured and compared with each other in the case where an iron supply material was added and in the case where an iron supply material was not added. The actual body of the buckwheat was observed by embedding 2 to 10 grains in earth.|[0048] FIGS. 2-4 show the results in a sand ground, showing the difference in growth with or without iron feed for the tea leaves derived iron feed, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 4, Fig. 3 weeks post-seeding iron feed, respectively (: 10 grains experiments). In both figures, the left side is with iron supply and the right side is without iron supply.|[0049] In both cases, it was observed that the growth had an average of about 1.5 times better elongation in the case of the presence of the iron supply than in the control (no iron supply). The same results were obtained when chitosan derived iron feedstock was used.|[0050] Fig. 5 is the result in the tropics (humor) and shows the difference in growth with or without tea leaves derived iron feed (experiment at: 10 grains 3 weeks after seeding). In Fig. 5, the left side is with iron supply and the right side is without iron supply.|[0051] In this case as well, it is clear that the growth of buckles is better when there is an iron supply derived from tea leaves (the growth rate is about twice as excellent). Similar behavior was observed for iron feedstocks other than tea leaves derived iron feedstocks (wood chips derived from wood chips). The better result was that the presence of the iron feedstock also showed the state after growth (30 days).|[0052] It was experimentally clear that an iron feed derived from chitosan of algae growth can act as a source of ferric ions to dialgae while being insoluble in water. Specifically, a chitosan derived iron feed material was placed in an artificial seawater culture medium, and diatomaceous growth test was performed. A clear difference was observed depending on the presence or absence of the chitosan derived iron supply, and a better result was obtained when the chitosan derived iron supply was introduced. In addition, the stability (chemical and thermal) of chitosan-derived iron feeds was extremely high, and this behavior was completely unaffected by pH, temperature, and the like in seawater. | (JP6979206)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The present invention relates to a novel iron-supplying material that is insoluble in water and capable of supplying ferric iron ions when needed by plants, algae, or the like, and further relates to a method for supplying iron.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Iron has catalytic action such as promoting uptake of nutrients such as nitric acid in plant plankton, promoting photosynthesis, and the like, and is thought to be effective in growing plant plankton. In recent years, it has been reported that iron flowing into the kawa or sea tends to decrease due to cutting of forest or the like, or that iron in seawater tends to decrease due to global warming. as a result, it is thought that shore burning or the like occurs in which algal bodies disappear.|[0003] As a measure for solving such a problem, proactively increasing iron is thought to be effective, and it is highly possible to regenerate such a burned lost algal field by increasing iron in seawater. If the iron in the seawater increases, the plant plankton propagates, the animal plankton that prefers the plant plankton increases, and shrimps, small fish, and the like that prefer the animal plankton collect, thereby regenerating the algal field and making the coast environment favorable. Furthermore, it is expected that large fish collect due to the growth of seaweed eaks edible by fish and that a good fishery is produced.|[0004] As a method for increasing iron in seawater, a seaweed growing method has been proposed in which a base body containing iron or an iron compound is embedded and attached to the surface of a defense facility with a buffer material interposed therebetween so that the surface is exposed (see Patent Document 1). In this seaweed growth method, a method is employed in which the dissolved iron in seawater is gradually increased by dissolving iron or iron compounds contained in the substrate as iron ions.|[0005] In addition, in the same manner as the method described in Patent Document 1, a method using an iron chelate compound (Patent Document 2 To Patent Document 3, and the like), and a method of allowing solid iron and a chelating substance to coexist (Patent Documents 4 to 5. Patent Document 9 and the like) and the like have also been proposed.|CITATION LIST|PATENT LITERATURE|[0006] PATENT CITATIONS |JP 2802575 a|JP 2012-07539 a|JP 2014-201470 a|JP 2016-195579 a|JP 2015-226511 a|JP 4710036 a|JP 5682906 a|JP 6090665 a|JP 6012127 a|SUMMARY OF INVENTION|TECHNICAL PROBLEM|[0007] However, for example, the method described in Patent Document 1 has a significant problem in that the supplied iron is not effectively used. In other words, iron can be present in a divalent state in which it is easy to dissolve in a liquid having a low pH, but precipitates are readily formed in seawater having a high pH of about 8.3, so the iron absorption efficiency of the plant plankton is extremely low. In the method described in Patent Document 1, a base body containing iron or an iron compound is simply provided in seawater, and thus iron dissolved in the seawater as iron ions from this base body is considered to be in a trivalent state. therefore, increased iron is rapidly precipitated and formed, and thus the possibility of being efficiently absorbed by the plant plankton is very low.|[0008] Furthermore, the iron compound or iron chelate compound used in Patent Document 1 is water-soluble per se, and may easily flow away due to, for example, ocean current or rain, which leads to problems in that the iron compound or iron chelate compound used in Patent Document 1 is not effectively used in algal or farms requiring iron. Furthermore, the chelating substance used in the invention described in Patent Document 1 (for example, EDTA or the like) is expensive, and it is not realistic from the perspective of cost.|[0009] The same applies to the methods described in Patent Documents 2 to 3, and since a water-soluble iron chelate compound is used, there are problems of outflow due to ocean current, rain, or the like and problems of cost.|[0010] On the other hand, in a method in which solid iron and a chelating substance are co-present, such as the methods described in Patent Documents 4 to 9, the problem of outflow is avoided to some extent, but the co-presence of solid iron and chelating substance alone results in extremely low iron chelate compound formation rate, which is impractical.|[0011] In addition, although the method described in Patent Document 4 efficiently supplies iron (II) ions to plants or seaweed, there is a high possibility that ferric ions generated from solid iron in seawater are easily oxidized (3 ferric iron) and converted into compounds (precipitates) that are not available for plankton or the like. The ferric iron compound, although the possibility of precipitation formation decreases, is water soluble, and thus the ferric iron compound is highly problematic in terms of outflow into seawater. Similarly, this technique cannot be used as fertilizer in a field. This is because if rain or the like falls, all of these ferric ions will flow away.|[0012] The present invention has been proposed in view of such conventional circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an iron supply material that is insoluble in water, that does not flow due to ocean current, rain, or the like, and that can easily supply iron ions in a form that plants, algae, or the like readily incorporate in accordance with demand from plants, algae, or the like. furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for supplying iron. Another object of the present invention is to provide an iron feed material and an iron feed method that are capable of greatly suppressing costs and have excellent practicality.|TECHNICAL SOLUTION|[0013] In order to achieve the object described above, the iron supply material of the present invention is mainly composed of a water insoluble base material having chelating ability with respect to iron ions, and ferric iron ions chelates bonded to the base material. In addition, the iron supply method of the present invention is characterized by spraying the iron supply material onto soil, or by housing the iron supply material in a net and then allowing the iron supply material to sit in the soil, water, or sea.|[0014] In the iron feed material of the present invention, ferric iron ions chelate bond directly to the water-insoluble substrate, so the iron chelate compound (ferric iron ions chelate bond to the substrate) is also insoluble in water. Accordingly, the supplied iron does not flow away due to ocean current, rain, or the like. Furthermore, ferric iron ions chelate-bonded to the substrate produced by the present invention migrate to chelating substances such as plants due to the relative difference in chelating power between both substances in environments where a unique chelating substance exists that is released by plants, algae, or the like in order to incorporate iron from the outside. The ferric chelate compound derived from plants and the like thus formed is rapidly incorporated into plants, algae and the like. Furthermore, tea leaves (tea shell), wood chips, sawdust, wood chips, and the like can be used as a water-insoluble base material having chelating ability with respect to iron ions, and costs are hardly incurred.|ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS|[0015] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an iron supply material that is insoluble in water, does not flow due to ocean current, rain, or the like, and that can easily supply iron ions in a form that plants, algae, or the like easily incorporate in accordance with demand from plants, algae, or the like, and a method for supplying iron. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an iron supply material and an iron supply method that are capable of significantly suppressing cost, have little environmental impact, and have excellent practicality because the substrate is a natural biodegradable material.|DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS|[0016] Is a photograph showing the difference in appearance due to the presence or absence of iron ion bonding of the wood chips. Are photographs showing differences in plant growth state due to the presence or absence of an iron feed material having tea leaves as a base in a sand ground. Are photographs showing differences in plant growth state due to the presence or absence of an iron feed based on wood chips in a sand ground. Are photographs showing differences in plant growth state due to the presence or absence of an iron supply material having wood chips as a base material in a sand ground. Are photographs showing differences in the growth state of plants in humor due to the presence or absence of an iron supply material having tea leaves as a base material.|DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS|[0017] Embodiments of an iron feed material and an iron feed method to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail below.|[0018] The iron supply material of the present invention is mainly composed of a water-insoluble base material having chelating ability with respect to iron ions, and ferric iron ions chelates bonded to the base material.|[0019] Here, any material that has chelating ability with respect to iron ions and is insoluble in water may be used as the base material, but tea leaves (tea shell), wood chips, sawdust, wood chips, and the like are preferable from the perspective of being readily available and costly. Each of these substrates (such as tea leaves) has hydroxyl groups derived from polyphenols on the surface and has chelating ability with respect to iron ions (particularly ferric iron ions).|[0020] Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, a chelate-forming site can be introduced into a polymer that is insoluble in water, and this can be used as a substrate. Specific examples thereof include chitosan derived polymers that are insoluble in water into which a chelate-forming site has been introduced. The state in which ferric iron ions chelate-bond to this chitosan derived polymer is shown in Formula 1.|[0021] |[0022] Ferric iron ions are chelate-bonded to the substrate, and iron required for growth of plants and the like is supplied by spraying the ferric iron ions onto soil as an iron supply material or by housing the iron supply material in a net and allowing the iron to sit in soil, water, or sea. Chelate-binding of ferric ions to the substrate may be performed simply by treating the substrate with an aqueous solution of an iron salt, such as an iron salt of citric acid.|[0023] The method for supplying iron of the present invention is based on the fact that when plants or bacteria absorb iron ions, chelating substances specific to plants or bacteria are released, and the formed iron chelating compounds are absorbed from the cell membrane, Ferric iron ions are transferred from an iron feed material containing ferric iron ions and insoluble in water by binding with chelating substances released by the plants and bacteria, and water-soluble iron compounds formed as a result are absorbed by the plants and the like.|[0024] Furthermore, the iron feed of the present invention has a higher chelating force to ferric iron than to other elements, and has iron selectivity. Because of the state of the iron chelate compound, interaction (precipitation) with other components in the ocean is less likely to occur. On the other hand, since iron can be easily transferred to chelating substances released when plants, algae, and plant plankton obtain iron from the outside world, the plant has excellent characteristics in that iron (III) ions are supplied when iron is required, and ferric iron can be retained by the plant. The mechanism of iron supply according to the invention will now be described.|[0025] When examining the iron ion uptake mechanism of plants in detail, for example, it has been found that mucinic acid shown in Chemical Formula 2 is extracted from the root, a chelate compound is formed with iron (III) ions in water, and the chelate compound is incorporated from the root. Mucinic acid is very similar to ethylenediamine-4 acetic acid (EDTA), which is well known in laboratory systems, in terms of chelate structure. Chemical formula 3 indicates the dissociation of protons and the structure of EDTA, and chemical formula 4 indicates the structure of the iron (III) complex of EDTA.|[0026] |[0027] |[0028] |[0029] For example, a chitosan derived polymer represented by Formula 1 is insoluble in water, but when the high-molecular-weight iron (III) complex reacts with, for example, EDTA, the iron (III) ion easily passes to the EDTA due to the relative difference in chelating power. That is, as shown in Formula 5, when chelate (EDTA) approaches a chitosan derived polymer complex, iron (III) ions move from the chitosan derived polymer complex to EDTA. This indicates that chitosan derived polymer complexes are insoluble in water and chelates to inhibit the precipitation formation reaction of iron (III) ions and maintain the state of iron (III) ions while readily providing ferric iron ions in aqueous solution in the presence of an appropriate chelating agent.|[0030] |[0031] The same applies to tea leaves (tea shells), wood chips, sawdust, wood debris, and the like, and these materials also have hydroxyl groups derived from polyphenols, so complexes in which iron (III) ions are chelate-bonded to the hydroxyl groups can serve as a supply of ferric iron ions.|[0032] As described above, plants, bacteria, and the like release chelate compounds specific to plants, bacteria, and the like when absorbing iron ions, and absorb water-soluble iron chelate compounds formed in the external environment from the cell membrane. At this time, the iron ion that binds to the chelate is in either the divalent state or the trivalent state, but in general, the binding capacity of the ferric iron ion to the chelate is much higher than that of the ferric iron ion. For example, the iron-chelating compound formation constant with ferric iron ions of EDTA is 1025, whereas that of ferric iron ions is 1016, and differences are evident. Therefore, in the present invention, ferric ions are targeted.|[0033] The iron supply material and the iron supply method of the present invention having the characteristics described above have the following advantages.|[0034] The iron supply material of the present invention is insoluble in water, and therefore iron ions do not flow away in rain or the like even when the iron supply material is in a field, and because the iron ions are in a chelated state, precipitation does not occur even when the iron ions coexist with phosphate ions, and thus the iron ions do not interfere with the action of phosphate fertilizer. Since the raw material is tea leaves, wood chips, or the like, it is an earth friendly fertilizer, iron can be supplied when plants or the like require iron, and the like. Conventional similar iron fertilizers are used as aqueous solutions containing iron (II) ions, but they have drawbacks such as, because they are water soluble, they can flow away by rain or the like even in the field, cannot be used in a wide sea or the like, and because they are intended for ferric iron ions, absorption efficiency is low, and the like. the iron feed material of the present invention completely covers these drawbacks.|[0035] The iron feed of the present invention has the advantage that tea leaves, wood chips, sawdust, wood chips and the like can be used as materials, and the synthesis method thereof is also simple, so that they can be obtained in large quantities at low cost. These materials can not only be used as fertilizers for plants, such as agricultural rejuvenation or agricultural applications in sand areas such as the middle east, but also can be replenished with iron ions regardless of whether the sea temperature level is high or low in natural environment rejuvenation (for example, sea live rejuvenation or the like:. Even in environments where growth was not possible due to the fact that growth was not possible due to the fact that there were few iron ions in the form available due to high water temperatures, the present invention can be used in many matters such as) where kelp grows. At this time, these compounds themselves can be sprayed onto the field, ocean, or mound, but can also be mixed with various compounds to change their form and used (for example, in the form of a tadon or group, or the like).|[0036] Since the stability (chemical and thermal) of the iron feed [iron (III) chelate] of the invention is very high, its behaviour is not affected at all by pH, temperature, etc. in the seawater.|[0037] Embodiments of the iron supply material and the iron supply method to which the present invention is applied have been described above, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.|EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE|[0038] Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described on the basis of experimental results.|[0039] Synthesis of iron feedExample 1: a polymer derived from chitosan in which a chelate forming site was introduced (a sample synthesized on the chitosan 1 g scale) was suspended in 200 ml of water, to which 5 g of ferric ammonium citrate was added and left to stand for 24 hours at 50 °C. The resulting brown compound was filtered, washed several times with water at 50 °C, and air-dried. A chitosan derived iron feed was thereby obtained.|[0040] The method of synthesizing a polymer derived from chitosan into which a chelate-forming site is introduced is as follows. That is, chitosan (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, available from Crub Shell) 700 mg and vanillin (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 350 mg were added to a mixed solvent of 5% acetic acid solution 50 ml and methanol 50 ml. Sodium borohydride (available from Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) 3 g was gradually added to the obtained gel-like solution until a crystalline precipitate formed. When precipitate formation ceased, suction filtration was performed, and the mixture was then washed with water and methanol. The obtained composite was air-dried, and then vacuum-dried.|[0041] Example 2: Japan tea leaves (commercially available), 100 g were added to warm water (50 °C) 300 ml to which ferric ammonium citrate (20 g) was added and allowed to sit for 24 hours. Filtered once and washed several times with warm water (50 °C). This resulted in a tea leaves derived iron feed. Note that the first filtrate at this time was used in Example 3, and thus the filtrate was stored without being discarded.|[0042] Example 3: An iron (III)-iminodiacetic acid complex solution (200 ml, ferric chloride hexahydrate, solution obtained on a 13.4 g scale) was added to a filtrate 300 ml obtained after ferric ammonium citrate reaction with the tea leaves obtained in Example 2, wood chips were added thereto, and the mixture was left to stand for 3 to 4 days. Wood chips that turned black due to chelation of iron (III) ions were filtered, washed several times with water and dried in air. This resulted in a wood chips-derived iron feed. The same applies to wood chips (barley) to obtain wood chips derived therefrom.|[0043] Effect as iron feedFirst, the iron (III) ion content in the dry sample was measured for each of the produced iron feeds. The measurement was performed by soaking samples (1 to 10 g) in 1 M-hydrochloric acid for several hours to liberate iron (III) chelated to the iron supply and assessing the liberated iron (III) ions using EDTA. The results are shown in Table 1.|TABLE 1|[0044] |[0045] Fig. 1 shows the difference in appearance due to the presence or absence of iron ion bonds in the wood chips. Japanese cedar wood chips are skin colored as shown on the left of Fig. 1, but when chelated with iron (III) ions, they turn black as shown in the center of Fig. 1. When the chip is immersed in the 1 M-EDTA solution, the color gradually disappears and returns to the original skin color (Fig. 1 right). That is, the iron compound obtained from chips indicates that it can serve as a supply of iron (III) ions to EDTA having a structure similar to that of chelate compounds such as plants.|[0046] Tea leaves are well known with polyphenols in the central structure. They readily react with iron (III) ions. Thus, tea leaves (turning to black) in which iron ions were chelated were produced, and it was confirmed that when the iron (III) ion chelation compound (tea leaves) was brought into contact with EDTA, the iron (III) ions were easily transferred to the EDTA. That is, it was shown that an effective iron (III) ion supply can be produced from tea leaves with the process of the invention.|[0047] Whether or not the compound obtained by the growth experiments of buckles actually functions as an iron ion source to plants was examined in the growth process of buckles, which are one of the gramines plants. The soil was investigated in vegetative earth and sand (no vegetative compound was added). The buckwheat was commercially available (manufactured by Takiyi Co., Ltd.), and was left to stand for 30 days at room temperature (20 to 28 °C), and the lengths of stems were measured and compared with each other in the case where an iron supply material was added and in the case where an iron supply material was not added. The actual body of the buckwheat was observed by embedding 2 to 10 grains in earth.|[0048] FIGS. 2-4 show the results in a sand ground, showing the difference in growth with or without iron feed for the tea leaves derived iron feed, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 4, Fig. 3 weeks post-seeding iron feed, respectively (: 10 grains experiments). In both figures, the left side is with iron supply and the right side is without iron supply.|[0049] In both cases, it was observed that the growth had an average of about 1.5 times better elongation in the case of the presence of the iron supply than in the control (no iron supply). The same results were obtained when chitosan derived iron feedstock was used.|[0050] Fig. 5 is the result in the tropics (humor) and shows the difference in growth with or without tea leaves derived iron feed (experiment at: 10 grains 3 weeks after seeding). In Fig. 5, the left side is with iron supply and the right side is without iron supply.|[0051] In this case as well, it is clear that the growth of buckles is better when there is an iron supply derived from tea leaves (the growth rate is about twice as excellent). Similar behavior was observed for iron feedstocks other than tea leaves derived iron feedstocks (wood chips derived from wood chips). The better result was that the presence of the iron feedstock also showed the state after growth (30 days).|[0052] It was experimentally clear that an iron feed derived from chitosan of algae growth can act as a source of ferric ions to dialgae while being insoluble in water. Specifically, a chitosan derived iron feed material was placed in an artificial seawater culture medium, and diatomaceous growth test was performed. A clear difference was observed depending on the presence or absence of the chitosan derived iron supply, and a better result was obtained when the chitosan derived iron supply was introduced. In addition, the stability (chemical and thermal) of chitosan-derived iron feeds was extremely high, and this behavior was completely unaffected by pH, temperature, and the like in seawater. | Family Number|(85763699)|85763699|Abstract|(JP6979206 B2)|PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an iron supply material of on-demand type that is water-insoluble, is not flowed away by ocean stream or rain, and can easily supply iron ions in such a form that plants or algae can readily take in responding to requirements for the plants or algae.SOLUTION: An iron supply material of this invention includes a chelate function to iron ions and mainly includes a water-insoluble base material to which trivalent iron ions are chelate-bonded. The base material includes at least one selected from tea leaves and wood, and the wood includes wood chips, sawdust, and waste wood. The iron supply material, when used, is sprayed over the soil, or is stored in a net and placed in any of the soil, the water, or the sea. When plants or bacteria absorb iron ions, the plants or bacteria discharge a specific chelate substance and absorb the formed iron-chelate compound through a cell membrane. A method of supplying iron of this invention includes: causing trivalent iron ions from the water-insoluble iron supplying material including the trivalent iron ions to be combined with the chelate substance discharged by the plants or bacteria and to be transferred; and causing the formed water-soluble iron compound to be absorbed by the plants, etc.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1COPYRIGHT: (C)2019,JPO&INPIT| | Basic materials chemistry|Other special machines | A01G-007/06|A01G-033/00|C05D-009/02 | A01G-007/06|A01G-033/00|C05D-009/02 | CN105669278|JP2016195579|CN104261990|CN104109004|JP2015226511|JP2015006979|JP6090665|JP2014201470|JP2014198635|JP6012127|JP5682906|JP2012007539|JP2011211913|JP4710036|JP2004515561|JP2802575|JP61019430 | CN105669278 73331613 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2016195579 74728699 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|CN104261990 68322238 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN104109004 67678140 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2015226511 71790884 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2015006979 68409229 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP6090665 67706971 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2014201470 67705730 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2014198635 67695527 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP6012127 45383640 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP5682906 33486043 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2012007539 33438605 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2011211913 8072651 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP4710036 7418699 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP2004515561 1468979 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2802575 21112400 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|JP61019430 27043941 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 特許2802575号公報|特開2012-07539号公報|特開2014-201470号公報|特開2016-195579号公報|特開2015-226511号公報|特許4710036号公報|特許5682906号公報|特許6090665号公報|特許6012127号公報|特開2011−211913(JP,A)|特開2015−006979(JP,A)|特表2004−515561(JP,A)|特開2014−198635(JP,A)|特開昭61−19430(JP,A)|中国特許出願公開第104261990(CN,A)|中国特許出願公開第105669278(CN,A)|中国特許出願公開第104109004(CN,A) | JP2011211913; JP2015006979; JP2004515561; JP2014198635; JP61019430; CN104261990; CN105669278; CN104109004; JP2802575; JP2012007539; JP2014201470; JP2016195579; JP2015226511; JP4710036; JP5682906; JP6090665; JP6012127 | GRANTED | (JP6979206)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (JP6979206)|ALIVE | (JP6979206)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR JP6979206|Actual or expected expiration date=2038-02-13|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2018-02-13|Event code=JP/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=JP JP2018023410|Application date=2018-02-13|Standardized application number=2018JP-0023410|Event publication date=2019-08-22|Event code=JP/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=JP|Publication number=JP2019137590|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2019-08-22|Standardized publication number=JP2019137590|Event publication date=2020-12-18|Event code=JP/A621|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Written request for application examination|Japanese intermediate code: A621|Effective date of the event=2020-12-18|Event publication date=2021-10-21|Event code=JP/A977|Event group=Examination events|Report on retrieval|Japanese intermediate code: A971007|Effective date of the event=2021-10-21|Event publication date=2021-10-25|Event code=JP/TRDD|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Administrative notifications|Trial decision date|Event publication date=2021-11-04|Event code=JP/A01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)|Japanese intermediate code: A01|Effective date of the event=2021-11-04|Event publication date=2021-11-10|Event code=JP/A61|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)|Japanese intermediate code: A61|Effective date of the event=2021-11-08|Event publication date=2021-11-17|Event code=JP/R150|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|CERTIFICATE OF PATENT OR REGISTRATION OF UTILITY MODEL|Japanese intermediate code: R150|Event publication date=2021-12-08|Event code=JP/B2|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Published granted patent (Second level) from 01-03-1996 onwards (Published examined patent application (Second level) 1971-1996)|Publication country=JP|Publication number=JP6979206|Publication stage code=B2|Publication date=2021-12-08|Standardized publication number=JP6979206|Event publication date=2024-11-21|Event code=JP/R250|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Payment or non-payment notifications Restitution or restoration|Receipt of annual fees|Japanese intermediate code: R250 | (JP6979206)|JP | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=uaEJC93wKM2BrJlOk+ytzTeISh8T7V+NNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=JP0000000021096700&ekey=1688&xpn=JP6979206&kind=B2 | https://www.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/c1801/PU/JP-2018-023410/10/en | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=vieN6gBt3TDWqxLm4QBXD3fDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | JP | (JP6979206)|NAME=ASANO Noriko , REG=100126398|(JP2019137590)|NAME=ASANO Noriko , REG=100126398 | (JP6979206)|NAME=NISHIDA, Yuzo|(JP2019137590)|NAME=NISHIDA YUZO | Titre: (JP6979206)|Iron Supply and Iron Supply Method Résumé: (JP6979206)|PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an iron supply material of on-demand type that is water-insoluble, is not flowed away by ocean stream or rain, and can easily supply iron ions in such a form that plants or algae can readily take in responding to requirements for the plants or algae.SOLUTION: An iron supply material of this invention includes a chelate function to iron ions and mainly includes a water-insoluble base material to which trivalent iron ions are chelate-bonded. The base material includes at least one selected from tea leaves and wood, and the wood includes wood chips, sawdust, and waste wood. The iron supply material, when used, is sprayed over the soil, or is stored in a net and placed in any of the soil, the water, or the sea. When plants or bacteria absorb iron ions, the plants or bacteria discharge a specific chelate substance and absorb the formed iron-chelate compound through a cell membrane. A method of supplying iron of this invention includes: causing trivalent iron ions from the water-insoluble iron supplying material including the trivalent iron ions to be combined with the chelate substance discharged by the plants or bacteria and to be transferred; and causing the formed water-soluble iron compound to be absorbed by the plants, etc.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1COPYRIGHT: (C)2019,JPO&INPIT | 64.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The patent focuses on an iron supply material for plants and bacteria, primarily for soil application, rather than ocean fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth in marine environments. | 17.0 | 0.0 | (JP6979206)|1 | (JP6979206)|4 | (JP6979206)|5|(JP2019137590)|5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (JP6979206)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (JP6979206)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Form: FORM=OL|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12|Request for examination: REQEXA=false||(JP2019137590)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Number of Figures: NFG=1|Form: FORM=OL|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12|Request for examination: REQEXA=false| | (JP6979206)|JAPANESE (JPN) | (JP6979206)|Patent|(JP2019137590)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 71 | GB201208480 | GB201208480 | GB201208480 | 18754600 | GB201208480 D0 2012-06-27 [GB201208480] | 2012-05-15 | 2012-05-15 | 2012-06-27 | (GB201208480)|2013-12-04 | (GB201208480)|Wind powered upwelling ship for ocean cultivation to generate food and fuel with carbon sequestration | PEARSON RONALD D | (GB201208480)|PEARSON, RONALD D | Family Number|(18754600)|18754600|Title|(GB201208480 D0)|Wind powered upwelling ship for ocean cultivation to generate food and fuel with carbon sequestration| | LAPSED | (GB201208480)|LAPSED | DEAD | (GB201208480)|DEAD | (GB201208480)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR GB201208480|Actual or expected expiration date=2013-12-04|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2012-05-15|Event code=GB/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=GB GB201208480|Application date=2012-05-15|Standardized application number=2012GB-0008480|Event publication date=2012-06-27|Event code=GB/D0|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent application filed|Publication country=GB|Publication number=GB201208480|Publication stage code=D0|Publication date=2012-06-27|Standardized publication number=GB201208480|Event publication date=2013-12-04|Event code=GB/AT|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Applications terminated before publication under section 16(1) | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=IrTaUc%252Bv41WKUmHwZlWuKpNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | GB | Titre: (GB201208480)|Wind powered upwelling ship for ocean cultivation to generate food and fuel with carbon sequestration Résumé: nan | 63.0 | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The title mentions carbon sequestration and ocean cultivation, but it focuses on generating food and fuel, which may not align directly with the central topic of ocean iron fertilization aimed at enhancing CO₂ uptake. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (GB201208480)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 72 | CN201910444627 | CN201910444627 | CN111945695|CN111945695 | 91527852 | CN111945695 B 2023-08-25 [CN111945695B]|CN111945695 A 2020-11-17 [CN111945695] | 2019-05-16 | 2019-05-16 | 2023-08-25|2020-11-17 | (CN111945695B)|2023-08-25 | (CN111945695)|2039-05-16 | (CN111945695)|Marine ecological ring | (CN111945695)|The invention discloses an ocean ecological circle. The ocean ecological circle is composed of an annular circle supporting platform formed by connecting modules, a horizontal-axis wind turbine generator system, a vertical-axis wind turbine generator system, a wave kinetic energy and potential energy simultaneous collection device, a hydraulic power generation system, a fish culture system, an anchoring and mooring system, an artificial algal fish reef marine organism attachment ecological environment and a marine city. While wind and wave energy is used for large-scale power generation, annular ring equipment can be used for cheaply obtaining a large-scale manageable clean water area so as to implement marine high-added-value fish culture, algal fish reefs are artificially distributed ona euphotic layer of a water area outside the annular ring equipment so as to create an ecological environment for marine organism attachment, inhabitation, living and reproduction, and finally, a natural ecological chain for culturing fishes with fishes is realized, and the ocean carbon sequestration capacity is improved; and houses, tourist and entertainment facilities can be built on the annularring equipment, and the marine city can be built in the annular ring equipment, so that the living space of human beings is widened. | GUANGXI YUDAFU MARINE TECHNOLOGY | (CN111945695)|WU MINGMAO ([CN])|(CN111945695)|WU MINGMAO ([CN]) | WU MINGMAO | (CN111945695)|WU MINGMAO|(CN111945695)|WU MINGMAO | (CN111945695)|The invention has the advantages that the invention can obtain ultra-large scale dominant clean water area at low cost to implement natural cultivation-ecological food chain of fishes with high added value at sea, and can increase the capability of ocean carbon sink and simultaneously split the cost of offshore power generation by combining with the ecological environment of the artificial algae fish reef marine organism appendage, and the annular ring can be used for building houses and traveling and entertainment implementation and can widen the living space of human beings.|The invention tries to recover natural ecological system by comprehensively utilizing marine resources, and provides a great innovation of 'marine ecological ring' which accords with principles and human ability and has enough viability on the sea in a mode of recovering natural ecological system by fully utilizing marine resources, namely, a marine ecological ring, so as to provide a new way for human beings in the aspects of low cost and high benefit, realize large-scale combined wind and wave power generation on the sea, large-scale natural cultivation of high-added-value fishes, increase marine carbon sink (conversion and carbon dioxide sealing), large-scale production of seaweed bio-oil and carbohydrate, living, leisure, supply, sea defense and other functions, and widen the survival space and viability of human beings.|The prior offshore resource utilization technology has slow progress in the aspect of ocean energy utilization, the utilization of wave energy is not a commercialized popularization technology, the utilization of ocean water resources is limited to offshore aquaculture and navigation, the research on human intervention technology for producing organic matters (marine organisms-ocean carbon sinks) on a large scale by utilizing the ocean water resources is very little, the comprehensive utilization technology as the ocean resources is not reported, the huge amount of ocean water resources is available, but the vast amount of water areas available to human beings is very little, so that the ocean resource development cost is high, the benefit is low, and the large-scale and comprehensive utilization technology is far from.| | (CN111945695)|1. The marine ecological ring is composed of an annular supporting platform, a horizontal shaft wind turbine, a vertical shaft wind turbine, a device for collecting wave kinetic energy and potential energy simultaneously, a hydraulic power generation system, a fish culture system, an anchoring system, an artificial algae-fish reef marine organism attaching body ecological environment and a marine city, and is characterized in that:(1) The annular supporting platform formed by connecting the modules is an annular ring device which is arranged in semi-submerged water and is formed by connecting a plurality of platform forming structures which are formed by underwater floating bodies and are supported by columns to leave the water surface as unit modules, houses are built on the annular ring device, a swimming pool is arranged on the annular ring device, a court is arranged on the annular ring device, a theatre is arranged on the annular ring device, a stereoscopic vegetable plantation is arranged on the annular ring device,(2) The horizontal axis wind turbine generator and the vertical axis wind turbine generator are arranged on the annular ring equipment,(3) The device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is arranged on the annular ring device, the device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is a combination body which is formed by combining one end of a horizontal frame with a buoyancy tank connecting frame and a buoyancy tank through a rotating shaft and a bearing seat, two ends of a hydraulic cylinder for collecting the wave kinetic energy are respectively connected with the horizontal frame and the buoyancy tank, the other end of the horizontal frame is connected with a vertical frame arranged on the annular ring device through the rotating shaft and the bearing seat, the hydraulic cylinder for collecting the wave potential energy is respectively connected with the horizontal frame and the vertical frame,(4) The hydraulic power generation system consists of a hydraulic cylinder for collecting wave energy, a pipeline, an energy storage tank and a hydraulic motor generator set, wherein the hydraulic cylinder on the wave energy collecting device is provided with a small pipeline which is connected with a liquid inlet high-pressure pipe of the energy storage tank and then enters the energy storage tank, a liquid outlet high-pressure pipe in the energy storage tank is connected with a plurality of hydraulic motor generator sets, a hydraulic motor can drive a generator to generate power, liquid after the hydraulic motor generator set works enters an atmospheric pressure tank after entering an atmospheric pressure pipeline through a liquid outlet pipe of the hydraulic motor generator set, and the liquid in the atmospheric pressure tank flows back to the hydraulic cylinder of the wave energy collecting device through a return pipe by the atmospheric pressure pipeline,(5) The fish farming system consists of an annular ring device, a net, a bait feeding pipeline, a residual sundry receiving device, a residual sundry discharging pipe and a fish inlet and outlet passage, wherein the net extends from above the water surface to the seabed to form a fish farming area in the annular ring device, the annular ring device is provided with the bait feeding pipeline which surrounds the annular ring device, the underwater part of the annular ring device is provided with the residual sundry receiving device, the residual sundry discharging pipe is arranged above the residual sundry receiving device, the annular ring device is provided with the fish inlet and outlet passage,(6) The anchoring system is characterized in that a plurality of vertical tension elastic cables and a plurality of diagonal tension elastic cables are connected with an annular ring device, the seabed end of each vertical tension elastic cable is connected with a large weight, the large weight is connected with a plurality of small weights through cables, the seabed end of each diagonal tension elastic cable is connected with another large weight, a medium vertical tension elastic cable is arranged between the seabed end of each diagonal tension elastic cable and the annular ring device and is connected with the diagonal tension elastic cable, the seabed end of each medium vertical tension elastic cable is connected with a medium weight, the medium weights are connected with the small weights through cables,(7) The artificial algae-fish reef marine organism clinging ecological environment is an ecological environment for marine organism clinging, perching, living and breeding, which is created by arranging a plurality of algae-fish reefs made of materials compatible with marine organisms in a real light layer of a water area surrounding annular ring equipment,(8) The offshore city is a human living area built in annular ring equipment.| | (CN111945695)|The invention is a recombination made by classical knowledge and technology on the basis of numerous real sea state tests, and shipyards with shipyards can easily build the shipyards.|The invention relates to the field of low-cost and stable offshore equipment design, a large-scale offshore power generation device for simultaneously collecting wind wave energy, a marine ecological environment constructed by an artificial algae fish reef and the field of obtaining large-scale dominant water areas to implement offshore cultivation.| | (CN111945695)|MARINE ORGANISM(100,23)|WAVE KINETIC ENERGY(100,15)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL RING(100,11)|POTENTIAL ENERGY(100,10)|ANNULAR SUPPORT PLATFORM(100,9)|HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATION(100,9)|ANCHOR(100,7)|REEF MARINE ORGANISM(100,6)|FISH CULTURE(100,5)|WIND TURBINE(100,4)|MARINE CITY(100,3)|BODY ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(100,2)|HORIZONTAL SHAFT(100,2)|HORIZONTAL SHAFT WIND TURBINE(100,2)|SHAFT WIND TURBINE(100,2)|ARTIFICIALLY LAY ALGAL REEF(95,1)|TENSION ELASTIC CABLE(89,13)|RESIDUAL SUNDRY DISCHARGING PIPE(85,4)|ARTIFICIAL ALGAE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(77,1)|DIAGONAL TENSION ELASTIC CABLE(76,7)|POPULARIZATION COMMERCIALIZATION(76,1)|STEREOSCOPIC VEGETABLE PLANTATION(74,5)|EXTENSIVE UTILIZATION(74,2)|ARTIFICIAL ALGAE(72,2)|OFFSHORE RESOURCE UTILIZATION(72,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(61,12)|ALGAE FISH REEF(59,2)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(59,1)|OFFSHORE CULTIVATION(58,1)|SEABED(56,10)|SUNDRY DISCHARGING PIPE(56,2)|OFFSHORE CITY(54,6)|OCEAN RESOURCE(51,1)|ANNULAR RING(47,47)|TENSION CABLE ELASTICITY(47,6)|RESOURCE UTILIZATION(47,1)|CLASSICAL KNOWLEDGE(45,1)|SEA DEFENSE(45,1)|FISH INLET(43,5)|OCEAN WATER RESOURCE(43,3)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(43,1)|DIAGONAL TENSION CABLE ELASTICITY(42,3)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(42,2)|OCEAN ENERGY UTILIZATION(42,1)|MARINE ECOSPHERE(41,1)|OCEAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT COST(40,1)|SHIPYARD(38,5)|ENTERTAINMENT(38,2)|ULTRALARGE SCALE(38,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK CAPABILITY(36,1)|ATTACHMENT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(34,1)|RECOVERING NATURAL(34,1)|OUTLET PASSAGE(33,4)|NATURAL ECOLOGICAL CHAIN(33,1)|SEAWEED BIO OIL(33,1)|ARTIFICIAL ALGAL REEF(32,8)|ENOUGH VIABILITY(32,1)|HORIZONTAL PLATE(31,9)|BEARING SEAT(31,8)|PIPELINE(30,11)|OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE(30,1)|HYDRAULIC CYLINDER(29,19)|SEMISUBMERGED WATER(29,2)|MARINE CARBON SINK(29,1)|MARINE RESOURCE(28,3)|OFF SHORE POWER GENERATION(28,1)|BUOYANCY TANK(26,15)|SURVIVAL SPACE(26,1)|HYDRAULIC MOTOR(25,16)|BAIT(25,7)|CARBOHYDRATE(25,1)|ANNULAR RING EQUIPMENT(24,37)|ENERGY STORAGE TANK(24,15)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PIPELINE(24,5)|PLATFORM(23,7)|CARBON SINK(23,5)|LIVING(23,4)|FISH FARMING(23,3)|POWER GENERATION(23,2)|HUMAN ABILITY(23,1)|LEISURE(23,1)|NAVIGATION(23,1)|INHABITATION(22,1)|BREEDING(21,2)|WIND WAVE ENERGY(21,1)|UNIT MODULE(20,33)|ANTI COLLISION TIRE(20,3)|OCEAN WATER(20,3)|RECOMBINATION(20,2)|REEF(20,1)|SEA(19,9)|THEATER(19,5)|UNDERWATER FLOATING BODY(19,5)|SWIMMING POOL(19,4)|PROGRESS(19,1)|MEDIUM WEIGHT(18,6)|NATURAL ECOLOGICAL REEF(18,5)|WAVE ENERGY(17,9)|WAVE ENERGY COLLECTION(17,3)|COURT(16,9)|APPENDAGE(16,4)|FISH FARMING AREA(16,3)|LIQUID OUTLET(15,5)|LIQUID INLET(15,4)|RECOVERING NATURAL ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM(15,1)|STABLE OFFSHORE EQUIPMENT DESIGN(15,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE TANK(14,3)|WAVE ENERGY HYDRAULIC CYLINDER(14,2)|ENERGY STORAGE(13,15)|HEAVY RUBBER BAND(13,4)|LIQUID OUTLET PIPE(13,4)|SMALL PIPELINE(13,4)|FOOD CHAIN(13,1)|ORGANIC MATTER PRODUCTION(13,1)|LARGE WEIGHT(12,13)|ROTATING SHAFT(12,6)|LIVING SPACE(12,3)|REAL LIGHT LAYER(12,3)|BIO OIL(12,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(12,1)|LARGE SCALE NATURAL CULTIVATION(12,1)|WAVE POTENTIAL ENERGY(11,6)|DOMINANT CLEAN WATER AREA(11,1)|HUMAN LIVING AREA(10,4)|RETURN PIPE(10,3)|WIND ENERGY(10,1)|SMALL WEIGHT(9,11)|PRESSURE PIPE(9,9)|NONRIGID MATERIAL(9,4)|CLEAN WATER AREA(9,2)|RUBBER BAND ELASTIC CONNECTION(9,2)|SEA STATE TEST(9,2)|HYDRAULIC MOTOR GENERATOR SET(8,11)|LIQUID OUTLET PRESSURE PIPE(8,5)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM(8,4)|DIAGONAL TENSION ELASTIC(8,2)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM NATURE(8,2)|RESIDUAL BUOYANCY(8,2)|TYPHOON PROOF HOUSE(8,2)|LARGE SCALE COMBINED WIND(8,1)|GENERATOR SET(7,11)|WATER AREA(7,6)|LIQUID INLET PRESSURE PIPE(7,4)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE TANK FLOW(7,3)|SEA STATE(7,2)|EQUIPMENT DESIGN(7,1)|LOW COST BENEFIT(7,1)|RESIDUAL SUNDRIES DISCHARGE PIPE(7,1)|HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE(6,5)|ADDED VALUE(6,2)|DIAGONAL GRAVITY ELASTIC CABLE(6,1)|MARINE ORGANISM COMMUNITY(6,1)|MASS PRODUCTION(6,1)|WAVE POWER GENERATION(6,1)|SUPPORT COLUMN(5,4)|MARINE ECORING UNIT MODULE(5,1)|PULLING APPARATUS MIDDLE(5,1)|PULLING CABLE(5,1)|WAVE BUOYANCY(5,1)||(CN111945695)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL RING(100,5)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(100,4)|FISH REEF MARINE ORGANISM(100,3)|GRAVITY ELASTIC CABLE(88,25)|ALGAL FISH REEF(85,2)|RESIDUAL IMPURITY(78,10)|MARINE CITY(78,9)|STEREO VEGETABLE PLANTATION(74,2)|FISH REEF(63,3)|CULTURING FISH(61,1)|INCLINED PULLING(58,13)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(55,9)|ATTACHMENT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(54,4)|SHAFT WIND TURBINE(53,2)|FLOATING BOX(50,6)|ARTIFICAL ALGAE(49,2)|NATURAL ECOLOGICAL CHAIN(49,1)|WIND TURBINE(47,4)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(47,1)|WAVE KINETIC ENERGY(45,17)|SEABED(45,15)|HORIZONTAL SHAFT WIND TURBINE(45,2)|MARINE ORGANISM(44,20)|PULLING APPARATUS MIDDLE(41,7)|BREEDING FISH(41,2)|ANCHOR(40,7)|ANNULAR RING(39,53)|ANNULAR SUPPORT PLATFORM(38,9)|PULLING GRAVITY ELASTIC CABLE(38,3)|FISH CULTURE(37,6)|FISH INLET(37,6)|WAVE ENERGY GAUGE MODELING(36,1)|REEF MARINE ORGANISM(35,5)|HORIZONTAL SHAFT(35,2)|PLATFORM(31,8)|ANNULAR RING EQUIPMENT(30,31)|ENTERTAINMENT(30,1)|PIPELINE(29,9)|BEARING SEAT(28,8)|MARINE ORGANISM ATTACHMENT(27,3)|AUREOLA LAYER(27,2)|ALGAE(27,1)|HYDRAULIC CYLINDER(26,19)|HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATION(26,10)|FISH(26,4)|CULTURE(25,1)|ARTIFICIAL ALGAL REEF(23,5)|ENERGY STORAGE TANK(22,16)|BAIT(22,7)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(22,1)|REEF(22,1)|MIDDLE WEIGHT(20,6)|INHABITATION(20,3)|SEMISUBMERSIBLE ANNULAR RING(20,3)|HYDRAULIC MOTOR(19,15)|UNIT MODULE(18,32)|UNDERWATER FLOATING BODY(17,5)|ANTI COLLISION TIRE(17,4)|SWIMMING POOL(17,4)|SURVIVAL(17,3)|POTENTIAL ENERGY(16,10)|PROPAGATION(16,3)|POTENTIAL ENERGY COLLECTION(16,2)|COURT(15,8)|LIGHT PENETRATING LAYER(15,1)|MARINE ECOSPHERE BOLD INNOVATION(15,1)|HORIZONTAL DIRECTION FRAME(14,10)|LIQUID OUTLET(14,4)|WAVE ENERGY COLLECTION(14,4)|OUTER PERIPHERY(14,3)|LIQUID INLET(13,4)|FISH CULTURE AREA(13,3)|HYDRAULIC MOTOR LIQUID(13,2)|ENERGY STORAGE(12,16)|NONRIGID MATERIAL(12,6)|SMALL PIPELINE(12,4)|WAVE ENERGY HYDRAULIC CYLINDER(12,3)|WAVE ENERGY(11,7)|OUTLET CHANNEL(11,6)|ROTATING SHAFT(11,6)|TENSIONING(11,3)|LARGE WEIGHT(10,13)|WAVE POTENTIAL ENERGY(10,5)|MODULE CONNECTION(10,2)|OUTLET PIPE(10,2)|HUMAN LIVING AREA(9,4)|ARTIFICIAL ALGAE(9,3)|DIRECTION FRAME(9,3)|TYPHOON PROOF HOUSE(9,3)|CLASSICAL KNOWLEDGE RECOMBINATION(9,1)|SMALL WEIGHT(8,11)|PRESSURE PIPE(8,8)|HORIZONTAL DIRECTION(8,4)|LIVING SPACE(8,3)|RESIDUAL BUOYANCY(8,2)|CLEAN WATER AREA(8,1)|NORMAL PRESSURE PIPELINE(7,5)|LIQUID INLET PRESSURE PIPE(7,4)|LIQUID OUTLET PRESSURE PIPE(7,4)|MARINE NATURAL ECOSYSTEM(7,1)|RE NATURAL ECOLOGY(7,1)|HYDRAULIC MOTOR GENERATOR SET(6,10)|HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE(6,6)|NORMAL PRESSURE TANK(6,4)|DEBRIS DISCHARGE PIPE(6,2)|WATER AREA PERIPHERAL(6,2)|TELESCOPIC ELASTICITY(6,1)|GENERATOR SET(5,10)|BUOYANCY TANK(5,9)|VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE(5,6)|MARINE RESOURCE(5,4)|THREE DIMENSIONAL VEGETABLE PLANTATION(5,4)|ATMOSPHERIC PIPELINE(5,1)|MARINE ORGANISM COMMUNITY(5,1)|PULLING APPARATUS GRAVITY ELASTIC INCLINATION(5,1)|PULLING GRAVITY ELASTIC(5,1)|SEA DEFENSE(5,1)|SEA RAISING(5,1)|WATER AREA OUTSIDE(5,1)|DOCK(4,4)|MOVIE THEATER(4,3)|SUPPORT COLUMN(4,3)|CULTIVATION(4,2)|NORMAL PRESSURE TANK FLOW(4,2)|SHIPYARD(4,2)|ASCENSION(4,1)|BILLOW PREVENTION PRINCIPLE(4,1)|WAVE HEAVE(4,1)|DIAGONAL HEAVY RUBBER BAND(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT DIAGRAM(3,1)|ENOUGH VIABILITY(3,1)|FISH OUTLET(3,1)|LIVING CAPACITY(3,1)| | (CN111945695)|1. The marine ecological ring is composed of an annular supporting platform, a horizontal shaft wind turbine, a vertical shaft wind turbine, a device for collecting wave kinetic energy and potential energy simultaneously, a hydraulic power generation system, a fish culture system, an anchoring system, an artificial algae-fish reef marine organism attaching body ecological environment and a marine city, and is characterized in that:|(1) The annular supporting platform formed by connecting the modules is an annular ring device which is arranged in semi-submerged water and is formed by connecting a plurality of platform forming structures which are formed by underwater floating bodies and are supported by columns to leave the water surface as unit modules, houses are built on the annular ring device, a swimming pool is arranged on the annular ring device, a court is arranged on the annular ring device, a theatre is arranged on the annular ring device, a stereoscopic vegetable plantation is arranged on the annular ring device,|(2) The horizontal axis wind turbine generator and the vertical axis wind turbine generator are arranged on the annular ring equipment,|(3) The device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is arranged on the annular ring device, the device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is a combination body which is formed by combining one end of a horizontal frame with a buoyancy tank connecting frame and a buoyancy tank through a rotating shaft and a bearing seat, two ends of a hydraulic cylinder for collecting the wave kinetic energy are respectively connected with the horizontal frame and the buoyancy tank, the other end of the horizontal frame is connected with a vertical frame arranged on the annular ring device through the rotating shaft and the bearing seat, the hydraulic cylinder for collecting the wave potential energy is respectively connected with the horizontal frame and the vertical frame,|(4) The hydraulic power generation system consists of a hydraulic cylinder for collecting wave energy, a pipeline, an energy storage tank and a hydraulic motor generator set, wherein the hydraulic cylinder on the wave energy collecting device is provided with a small pipeline which is connected with a liquid inlet high-pressure pipe of the energy storage tank and then enters the energy storage tank, a liquid outlet high-pressure pipe in the energy storage tank is connected with a plurality of hydraulic motor generator sets, a hydraulic motor can drive a generator to generate power, liquid after the hydraulic motor generator set works enters an atmospheric pressure tank after entering an atmospheric pressure pipeline through a liquid outlet pipe of the hydraulic motor generator set, and the liquid in the atmospheric pressure tank flows back to the hydraulic cylinder of the wave energy collecting device through a return pipe by the atmospheric pressure pipeline,|(5) The fish farming system consists of an annular ring device, a net, a bait feeding pipeline, a residual sundry receiving device, a residual sundry discharging pipe and a fish inlet and outlet passage, wherein the net extends from above the water surface to the seabed to form a fish farming area in the annular ring device, the annular ring device is provided with the bait feeding pipeline which surrounds the annular ring device, the underwater part of the annular ring device is provided with the residual sundry receiving device, the residual sundry discharging pipe is arranged above the residual sundry receiving device, the annular ring device is provided with the fish inlet and outlet passage,|(6) The anchoring system is characterized in that a plurality of vertical tension elastic cables and a plurality of diagonal tension elastic cables are connected with an annular ring device, the seabed end of each vertical tension elastic cable is connected with a large weight, the large weight is connected with a plurality of small weights through cables, the seabed end of each diagonal tension elastic cable is connected with another large weight, a medium vertical tension elastic cable is arranged between the seabed end of each diagonal tension elastic cable and the annular ring device and is connected with the diagonal tension elastic cable, the seabed end of each medium vertical tension elastic cable is connected with a medium weight, the medium weights are connected with the small weights through cables,|(7) The artificial algae-fish reef marine organism clinging ecological environment is an ecological environment for marine organism clinging, perching, living and breeding, which is created by arranging a plurality of algae-fish reefs made of materials compatible with marine organisms in a real light layer of a water area surrounding annular ring equipment,|(8) The offshore city is a human living area built in annular ring equipment.|2. The marine ecosphere of claim 1, wherein: the annular supporting platform is formed by connecting the modules, the unit modules are connected by adopting non-rigid material with elastic property, the non-rigid material with elastic property is formed by arranging anti-collision tires or other anti-collision devices between the unit modules, and the two connected unit modules are connected and tensioned by using a plurality of heavy rubber bands but not limited by the elastic connection of the rubber bands. | (CN111945695)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the field of low-cost and stable offshore equipment design, a large-scale offshore power generation device for simultaneously collecting wind wave energy, a marine ecological environment constructed by an artificial algae fish reef and the field of obtaining large-scale dominant water areas to implement offshore cultivation.|BACKGROUND ART|Technical Field|[0002] The prior offshore resource utilization technology has slow progress in the aspect of ocean energy utilization, the utilization of wave energy is not a commercialized popularization technology, the utilization of ocean water resources is limited to offshore aquaculture and navigation, the research on human intervention technology for producing organic matters (marine organisms-ocean carbon sinks) on a large scale by utilizing the ocean water resources is very little, the comprehensive utilization technology as the ocean resources is not reported, the huge amount of ocean water resources is available, but the vast amount of water areas available to human beings is very little, so that the ocean resource development cost is high, the benefit is low, and the large-scale and comprehensive utilization technology is far from.|[0003] The invention tries to recover natural ecological system by comprehensively utilizing marine resources, and provides a great innovation of 'marine ecological ring' which accords with principles and human ability and has enough viability on the sea in a mode of recovering natural ecological system by fully utilizing marine resources, namely, a marine ecological ring, so as to provide a new way for human beings in the aspects of low cost and high benefit, realize large-scale combined wind and wave power generation on the sea, large-scale natural cultivation of high-added-value fishes, increase marine carbon sink (conversion and carbon dioxide sealing), large-scale production of seaweed bio-oil and carbohydrate, living, leisure, supply, sea defense and other functions, and widen the survival space and viability of human beings.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] 1. The marine ecological ring is composed of an annular supporting platform, a horizontal shaft wind turbine, a vertical shaft wind turbine, a device for collecting wave kinetic energy and potential energy simultaneously, a hydraulic power generation system, a fish culture system, an anchoring system, an artificial algae-fish reef marine organism attaching body ecological environment and a marine city, and is characterized in that:|[0005] (1) The annular supporting platform formed by connecting the modules is an annular ring device which is arranged in semi-submerged water and is formed by connecting a plurality of platform forming structures which are formed by underwater floating bodies and are supported by columns to leave the water surface as unit modules, houses are built on the annular ring device, a swimming pool is arranged on the annular ring device, a court is arranged on the annular ring device, a theatre is arranged on the annular ring device, a stereoscopic vegetable plantation is arranged on the annular ring device,|[0006] (2) The horizontal axis wind turbine generator and the vertical axis wind turbine generator are arranged on the annular ring equipment,|[0007] (3) The device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is arranged on the annular ring device, the device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is a combination body which is formed by combining one end of a horizontal frame with a buoyancy tank connecting frame and a buoyancy tank through a rotating shaft and a bearing seat, two ends of a hydraulic cylinder for collecting the wave kinetic energy are respectively connected with the horizontal frame and the buoyancy tank, the other end of the horizontal frame is connected with a vertical frame arranged on the annular ring device through the rotating shaft and the bearing seat, the hydraulic cylinder for collecting the wave potential energy is respectively connected with the horizontal frame and the vertical frame,|[0008] (4) The hydraulic power generation system consists of a hydraulic cylinder for collecting wave energy, a pipeline, an energy storage tank and a hydraulic motor generator set, wherein the hydraulic cylinder on the wave energy collecting device is provided with a small pipeline which is connected with a liquid inlet high-pressure pipe of the energy storage tank and then enters the energy storage tank, a liquid outlet high-pressure pipe in the energy storage tank is connected with a plurality of hydraulic motor generator sets, a hydraulic motor can drive a generator to generate power, liquid after the hydraulic motor generator set works enters an atmospheric pressure tank after entering an atmospheric pressure pipeline through a liquid outlet pipe of the hydraulic motor generator set, and the liquid in the atmospheric pressure tank flows back to the hydraulic cylinder of the wave energy collecting device through a return pipe by the atmospheric pressure pipeline,|[0009] (5) The fish farming system consists of an annular ring device, a net, a bait feeding pipeline, a residual sundry receiving device, a residual sundry discharging pipe and a fish inlet and outlet passage, wherein the net extends from above the water surface to the seabed to form a fish farming area in the annular ring device, the annular ring device is provided with the bait feeding pipeline which surrounds the annular ring device, the underwater part of the annular ring device is provided with the residual sundry receiving device, the residual sundry discharging pipe is arranged above the residual sundry receiving device, the annular ring device is provided with the fish inlet and outlet passage,|[0010] (6) The anchoring system is characterized in that a plurality of vertical tension elastic cables and a plurality of diagonal tension elastic cables are connected with an annular ring device, the seabed end of each vertical tension elastic cable is connected with a large weight, the large weight is connected with a plurality of small weights through cables, the seabed end of each diagonal tension elastic cable is connected with another large weight, a medium vertical tension elastic cable is arranged between the seabed end of each diagonal tension elastic cable and the annular ring device and is connected with the diagonal tension elastic cable, the seabed end of each medium vertical tension elastic cable is connected with a medium weight, the medium weights are connected with the small weights through cables,|[0011] (7) The artificial algae-fish reef marine organism clinging ecological environment is an ecological environment for marine organism clinging, perching, living and breeding, which is created by arranging a plurality of algae-fish reefs made of materials compatible with marine organisms in a real light layer of a water area surrounding annular ring equipment,|[0012] (8) The offshore city is a human living area built in annular ring equipment.|[0013] 2. The marine ecological ring is characterized in that: the annular supporting platform is formed by connecting the modules, the unit modules are connected by adopting non-rigid material with elastic property, the non-rigid material with elastic property is formed by arranging anti-collision tires or other anti-collision devices between the unit modules, and the two connected unit modules are connected and tensioned by using a plurality of heavy rubber bands but not limited by the elastic connection of the rubber bands.|[0014] Advantageous effects|[0015] The invention has the advantages that the invention can obtain ultra-large scale dominant clean water area at low cost to implement natural cultivation-ecological food chain of fishes with high added value at sea, and can increase the capability of ocean carbon sink and simultaneously split the cost of offshore power generation by combining with the ecological environment of the artificial algae fish reef marine organism appendage, and the annular ring can be used for building houses and traveling and entertainment implementation and can widen the living space of human beings. Because the stability design of the equipment is reliable, the equipment can be distributed in the sea area with the water depth of 20-200 meters, and the available sea area is greatly increased. The invention has simple principle and simple manufacture, and is the recombination of the classical technology on the basis of the actual sea state test.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0016] FIG. 1 is a main structural view of a unit module of a marine ecoring assembly|[0017] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the connection between two annular ring equipped unit module main body structures|[0018] FIG. 3 is a diagram of two unit modules connected by a heavy-duty elastic connection and tension|[0019] FIG. 4 is a view showing various devices installed in a unit module at the time of dock construction|[0020] FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of various devices mounted on the unit module|[0021] FIG. 6 is another enlarged view of various devices mounted on the unit module|[0022] FIG. 7 is a view showing five unit modules mounted with various devices connected together|[0023] FIG. 8 is a view showing an assembly of an annular ring formed when a plurality of unit modules mounted with various devices are connected together|[0024] FIG. 9 is an ecological environment view of an artificial algal reef marine organism appendage disposed in an outer eukaryotic layer of an annular ring apparatus|[0025] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a device for collecting kinetic energy and potential energy of waves simultaneously|[0026] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic power generation system|[0027] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an anchoring system|[0028] FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an offshore city built into an annular ring installation|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0029] The marine ecological ring is shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13:|[0030] 1. as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8:|[0031] in fig. 1, 1 represents the main structure of a unit module, 2 support columns, 3 underwater floats, and 4 platforms above the water surface.|[0032] In fig. 2, 1 refers to two unit modules connected in tension by a heavy-duty rubber band, 2 a collision-preventing tire is provided between the unit modules, 3 represents one unit module, and 4 represents the other unit module.|[0033] In fig. 3, 1 represents a rubber band connecting column on one unit module, 2 represents a rubber band connecting column on the other unit module, 3 represents a cable-stayed heavy rubber band, and 4 represents a transverse-stayed heavy rubber band.|[0034] Fig. 4 is a view showing various devices installed in one unit module at the time of dock construction.|[0035] Fig. 7 is a diagram when five unit modules mounted with various devices are connected together.|[0036] Fig. 8 is an assembly view of an annular ring formed when a plurality of unit modules mounted with various devices are connected together.|[0037] The annular supporting platform formed by connecting the modules is annular ring equipment (shown in fig. 7 and 8) which is formed by connecting a plurality of underwater floating bodies (shown as 3 in fig. 1) and platforms (shown as 4 in fig. 1) which are supported by columns (shown as 2 in fig. 1) and leave the water surface as unit modules (shown as 3 and 4 in fig. 2) in the whole structure (shown as 1) and is semi-submerged in the water, and the water plane of the supporting columns (shown as 2 in fig. 1) is small and the wave force applied to the supporting columns is also small.|[0038] The annular supporting platform is formed by connecting the modules, the unit modules (shown as 3 and 4 in fig. 2) are connected by adopting a non-rigid material (shown as 1 in fig. 2) with elastic property, the non-rigid material with elastic property is formed by arranging an anti-collision tire (shown as 2 in fig. 2) between the unit modules, and the two connected unit modules are connected and tensioned by using a plurality of heavy rubber bands (shown as 1 in fig. 3 and 2), so that the simple and easy connection mode can buffer, dissolve and release various breaking forces from sea, and simultaneously the whole annular ring equipment can be tightly connected together.|[0039] The construction method of building the small modules of the unit first and then assembling the small modules into large equipment is very simple, and shipyards with shipyards can easily build the large equipment.|[0040] 2. As shown in fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11:|[0041] in fig. 4, a horizontal axis wind turbine generator 1, a vertical axis wind turbine generator 2, a circular house 3, a platform above the water surface 4, a wave energy collecting device 5, a net 6, a 7 underwater floating body, a typhoon-proof house 8, a court, a theatre, a market and a house can be arranged in the house, and a stereoscopic vegetable plantation or a court can be arranged in the house by 9.|[0042] In fig. 5, 1 round house, 2 wave kinetic energy and potential energy collecting device, 3 fish access way, 4 sundries discharge pipe, 5 underwater floating body, 6 support column, 7 net, 8 sundries receiving device, 9 typhoon-proof house, court, theatre, market, house can be set up in house, 10 represents here can set up three-dimensional vegetable plantation or court, 11, 12 represents the platform above the water surface.|[0043] In fig. 6, 1 represents a three-dimensional vegetable plantation or a court, 2 a typhoon-proof house, and a court, a movie theatre, a mall, a house, 3 and 6 residual sundries discharge pipes, 4 a swimming pool, 5 residual sundries receiving devices and 7 bait feeding pipelines can be arranged in the house.|[0044] Fig. 7 is a diagram showing five unit modules mounted with various devices connected together.|[0045] Fig. 8 is an annular ring equipment formed when several unit modules mounted with various devices are connected together.|[0046] FIG. 9 is an ecological environment formed by an artificial algal reef marine organism appendage disposed on an outer eukaryotic layer of an annular ring equipment.|[0047] In fig. 10, 1 represents a vertical frame arranged on an annular ring device, 2 a hydraulic cylinder for collecting wave potential energy, 3 a bearing seat, 4 a horizontal frame, 5 shafts, 6 a bearing seat, 7 a buoyancy tank, 8 a buoyancy tank connecting frame, 9 a hydraulic cylinder for collecting wave kinetic energy and 10 shafts.|[0048] In fig. 11, the liquid outlet high-pressure pipes in the energy storage tanks 1, 2 pipelines, 3 and 4, the continuous generator of the hydraulic motor 5 (hydraulic generator set), the liquid outlet pipe of the hydraulic motor 6, the normal pressure pipeline 7, the normal pressure tank 8, the normal pressure pipeline 9, the return pipe 10, the small pipeline 11 and the liquid inlet high-pressure pipe of the energy storage tank 12.|[0049] The annular ring equipment (shown in figures 7 and 8) formed by the annular supporting platforms formed by connecting the modules is provided with houses (shown in figures 4, 3 and 8 and 1 and 9 in figure 5), the annular ring equipment is provided with swimming pools (shown in figure 6), the annular ring equipment is provided with a court (shown in figure 6) and is provided with a theatre (shown in figure 6) and is provided with a stereoscopic vegetable plantation (shown in figure 6), and the annular ring equipment is provided with a stereoscopic vegetable plantation (shown in figure 6).|[0050] The horizontal axis wind turbine (shown as 1 in fig. 4) and the vertical axis wind turbine (shown as 2 in fig. 4) are installed on the unit modules of the annular ring equipment (shown as 4) when the dock is built.|[0051] The device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is arranged on the annular ring device (5 in fig. 10 and 5 in fig. 5), one end of a horizontal direction frame (4 in fig. 10) is connected with a buoyancy tank connecting frame (8 in fig. 10) and a buoyancy tank (7 in fig. 10) through a rotating shaft (5 in fig. 10) and a bearing seat (6 in fig. 10), two ends of a hydraulic cylinder (9 in fig. 10) for collecting the wave kinetic energy are respectively connected with the horizontal direction frame and the buoyancy tank, the other end of the horizontal direction frame (4 in fig. 10) is connected with a vertical direction frame (1 in fig. 10) arranged on the annular ring device through the rotating shaft (10 in fig. 10) and the bearing seat (3 in fig. 10), and the hydraulic cylinder (2 in fig. 10) for collecting the wave potential energy is respectively connected with the horizontal direction frame and the vertical direction frame.|[0052] When the buoyancy tank receives wave force (wave kinetic energy) in the horizontal direction, the buoyancy tank (shown as 7 in fig. 10) moves around the shaft (shown as 5 in fig. 10) so as to compress the hydraulic cylinder (shown as 9 in fig. 10) to generate hydraulic energy to be transmitted to the hydraulic power generation system (shown as 11), and the collection of the wave kinetic energy also plays a role in reducing the impact of the wave force on the annular ring equipment in practice; when the buoyancy tank is subjected to vertical wave buoyancy (wave heave, wave potential energy), the buoyancy tank (shown at 7 in fig. 10) moves around the shaft (shown at 10 in fig. 10) to compress the hydraulic cylinder (shown at 2 in fig. 10) to generate hydraulic energy for transmission to the hydraulic power generation system.|[0053] The hydraulic power generation system (shown in fig. 11) is composed of a hydraulic cylinder (shown as 2 and 9 in fig. 10), a pipeline (shown as 11, 12 and 2 in fig. 11) for collecting wave energy, an energy storage tank (shown as 1 in fig. 11) and a hydraulic motor generator set (shown as 5 in fig. 11), wherein the hydraulic cylinder on the wave energy collecting device is provided with a small pipeline (shown as 11) which is connected with a liquid inlet high-pressure pipe (shown as 12 in fig. 11) of the energy storage tank and then enters the energy storage tank (shown as 1 in fig. 11), a liquid outlet high-pressure pipe (shown as 3 and 4 in fig. 11) in the energy storage tank is connected with the hydraulic motor generator set (shown as 5 in fig. 11), the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate power, liquid after hydraulic Ma Dagong enters an atmospheric pressure pipeline (shown as 7 in fig. 11) through a liquid outlet pipe (shown as 6 in fig. 11), and then enters the atmospheric pressure tank (shown as 8 in fig. 11), and the liquid in the atmospheric pressure tank flows back to the hydraulic cylinder of the energy collecting device through a liquid outlet high-pressure pipe (shown as 10 in fig. 11) of the wave energy collecting device. The number of the hydraulic motor generator sets which are started can be determined according to the pressure (also the wave) in the energy storage tank. Hydraulic system technology is well-established.|[0054] The fish farming system consists of annular ring equipment (shown in figure 8), a net (shown in 6 in figure 4 and 7 in figure 5), a bait feeding pipeline (shown in 7 in figure 6), a residue receiving device (shown in 8 in figure 5 and 5 in figure 6), a residue discharging pipe (shown in 4 in figure 5 and 6 and 3 in figure 6) and a fish inlet and outlet channel (shown in 3 in figure 5), wherein the outer periphery of the annular ring equipment is provided with the net (shown in 6 in figure 4 and 7 in figure 5) which extends from above the water surface to a fish farming area (shown in 7 in figure 8) in the annular ring equipment, the annular ring equipment is provided with the bait feeding pipeline (shown in 7 in figure 6) which surrounds the annular ring equipment, the underwater part of the annular ring equipment is provided with the residue receiving device (shown in 8 in figure 5 and 5 in figure 6), the residue discharging pipe (shown in 4 in figure 5 and 6 and 3 in figure 6) is arranged on the residue receiving device (shown in 8 in figure 5 and 3 in figure 6), the annular ring equipment is provided with the net (shown in figure 4 and 7 in figure 5) which the fish is also provided with the artificial fish feed channel in the natural ecological reef for the fish to enter the natural ecological reef, and the natural ecological reef is formed, and the natural ecological reef is fed in the natural ecological system, and the natural ecological reef is formed. The fish culture technology is a mature technology.|[0055] 3. As shown in fig. 9:|[0056] FIG. 9 is an ecological environment formed by an artificial algal reef marine organism appendage disposed on an outer eukaryotic layer of an annular ring equipment.|[0057] The artificial algal reef marine organism attaching ecological environment is an ecological environment (shown in figure 9) which is created by arranging a plurality of algal reefs made of materials compatible with marine organisms in a real-light layer of a water area surrounding annular ring equipment and used for attaching, inhabiting, living and breeding the marine organisms. Because the artificial algal reef marine organism attachment is arranged on a light layer (4-9 meters below the water surface is equal to 'rising' of the sea floor), the artificial algal reef marine organism attachment is not influenced by wind and waves, various photosynthesis of the light layer is superior to that of the sea floor, the artificial algal reef marine organism attachment is beneficial to synthesizing various marine organic carbons (animals and plants), particularly in an oligotrophic area far from the shore (more than 50 meters in water depth), the ecological environment formed by the artificial algal reef marine organism attachment arranged on the light layer is beneficial to building a high-quality ecological sea area, enriching marine organism communities (organisms, microorganisms and microorganisms), recovering and extending a marine natural ecological system, and improving the carbon sink capacity of the sea.|[0058] 4. As shown in fig. 12:|[0059] in fig. 12, 1 represents an annular ring arrangement, 2 diagonal gravity elastic cables, 3 another large weight, 4 medium vertical gravity elastic cables, 5 small weights, 6 medium weights, 7, 8, 9 small weights, 10 large weights, 11 vertical gravity elastic cables.|[0060] The anchoring system is characterized in that a plurality of vertical tension elastic cables 11 and a plurality of diagonal tension elastic cables 2 are connected with an annular ring device 1 (only one anchoring system is drawn in fig. 12), the sea bottom end of each vertical tension elastic cable 11 is connected with a large weight 10, the large weight 10 is connected with a plurality of small weights 7, 8 and 9 through cables, the sea bottom end of each diagonal tension elastic cable 2 is connected with another large weight 3, a medium vertical tension elastic cable 4 is arranged between the sea bottom end of each diagonal tension elastic cable and the annular ring device and is connected with the diagonal tension elastic cable 2, the sea bottom end of each medium vertical tension elastic cable 4 is connected with a medium weight 6, and the medium weight 6 is connected with the small weight 5 through cables.|[0061] Because the installation of the annular ring equipment on the sea is stabilized by utilizing the semi-submerged principle (the residual buoyancy is balanced with the tension of the vertical pulling cable and the residual buoyancy is smaller than the tension provided by the large seabed weight), when the large sea wave is fluctuated, the annular ring equipment is possibly submerged (on the premise that the large seabed weight and the vertical pulling cable provide enough vertical tension), but the technology provided by the invention is that small weights 7, 8 and 9 are connected with the large weight 10, when the wave rises to a certain height (when the buoyancy generated by the fact that the part above the water surface of the annular ring equipment rises due to the wave reaches a certain value), the vertical pulling cable 11 pulls the large weight to sequentially pull the small weights 7, 8 and 9 to rise, and the rising wave cannot submerge the annular ring equipment; similarly, in the horizontal direction, when the thrust of the wave to the annular ring equipment exceeds a certain amount, the middle vertical pulling gravity elastic cable 4, the middle weight 6 and the small weight 5 can play the same role. This design is equivalent to providing the cable with stretch elasticity, referred to herein as a gravity elastic cable because of the elasticity provided by gravity. The plurality of vertical pulling gravity elastic cables and the plurality of diagonal pulling gravity elastic cables are connected with the annular ring device, so that the annular ring device can be kept at the same position. These are simple techniques.|[0062] The annular ring equipment of the whole marine ecological ring can prevent any typhoon and billows in principle (the ship and the aircraft carrier do not have the principle of typhoon and billows prevention), and because the annular ring equipment utilizes the non-antagonistic principle of buffering, dissolving, dispersing and releasing excessive external force, the annular ring equipment of the marine ecological ring has enough survivability on the sea, and can comprehensively develop marine resources by utilizing the superior survivability.|[0063] 5. As shown in fig. 13:|[0064] figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an offshore city built into an annular ring gear (only five buildings are built into the ring),|[0065] the offshore city is a human living area built in the annular ring equipment, and the human living area is built by using the environment of 'calm wind' in the annular ring equipment, so that the living space of human beings can be widened.|[0066] The invention is a recombination made by classical knowledge and technology on the basis of numerous real sea state tests, and shipyards with shipyards can easily build the shipyards. | (CN111945695)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the field of low-cost and stable offshore equipment design, a large-scale offshore power generation device for simultaneously collecting wind wave energy, a marine ecological environment constructed by an artificial algae fish reef and the field of obtaining large-scale dominant water areas to implement offshore cultivation.|BACKGROUND ART|Technical Field|[0002] The prior offshore resource utilization technology has slow progress in the aspect of ocean energy utilization, the utilization of wave energy is not a commercialized popularization technology, the utilization of ocean water resources is limited to offshore aquaculture and navigation, the research on human intervention technology for producing organic matters (marine organisms-ocean carbon sinks) on a large scale by utilizing the ocean water resources is very little, the comprehensive utilization technology as the ocean resources is not reported, the huge amount of ocean water resources is available, but the vast amount of water areas available to human beings is very little, so that the ocean resource development cost is high, the benefit is low, and the large-scale and comprehensive utilization technology is far from.|[0003] The invention tries to recover natural ecological system by comprehensively utilizing marine resources, and provides a great innovation of 'marine ecological ring' which accords with principles and human ability and has enough viability on the sea in a mode of recovering natural ecological system by fully utilizing marine resources, namely, a marine ecological ring, so as to provide a new way for human beings in the aspects of low cost and high benefit, realize large-scale combined wind and wave power generation on the sea, large-scale natural cultivation of high-added-value fishes, increase marine carbon sink (conversion and carbon dioxide sealing), large-scale production of seaweed bio-oil and carbohydrate, living, leisure, supply, sea defense and other functions, and widen the survival space and viability of human beings.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] 1. The marine ecological ring is composed of an annular supporting platform, a horizontal shaft wind turbine, a vertical shaft wind turbine, a device for collecting wave kinetic energy and potential energy simultaneously, a hydraulic power generation system, a fish culture system, an anchoring system, an artificial algae-fish reef marine organism attaching body ecological environment and a marine city, and is characterized in that:|[0005] (1) The annular supporting platform formed by connecting the modules is an annular ring device which is arranged in semi-submerged water and is formed by connecting a plurality of platform forming structures which are formed by underwater floating bodies and are supported by columns to leave the water surface as unit modules, houses are built on the annular ring device, a swimming pool is arranged on the annular ring device, a court is arranged on the annular ring device, a theatre is arranged on the annular ring device, a stereoscopic vegetable plantation is arranged on the annular ring device,|[0006] (2) The horizontal axis wind turbine generator and the vertical axis wind turbine generator are arranged on the annular ring equipment,|[0007] (3) The device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is arranged on the annular ring device, the device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is a combination body which is formed by combining one end of a horizontal frame with a buoyancy tank connecting frame and a buoyancy tank through a rotating shaft and a bearing seat, two ends of a hydraulic cylinder for collecting the wave kinetic energy are respectively connected with the horizontal frame and the buoyancy tank, the other end of the horizontal frame is connected with a vertical frame arranged on the annular ring device through the rotating shaft and the bearing seat, the hydraulic cylinder for collecting the wave potential energy is respectively connected with the horizontal frame and the vertical frame,|[0008] (4) The hydraulic power generation system consists of a hydraulic cylinder for collecting wave energy, a pipeline, an energy storage tank and a hydraulic motor generator set, wherein the hydraulic cylinder on the wave energy collecting device is provided with a small pipeline which is connected with a liquid inlet high-pressure pipe of the energy storage tank and then enters the energy storage tank, a liquid outlet high-pressure pipe in the energy storage tank is connected with a plurality of hydraulic motor generator sets, a hydraulic motor can drive a generator to generate power, liquid after the hydraulic motor generator set works enters an atmospheric pressure tank after entering an atmospheric pressure pipeline through a liquid outlet pipe of the hydraulic motor generator set, and the liquid in the atmospheric pressure tank flows back to the hydraulic cylinder of the wave energy collecting device through a return pipe by the atmospheric pressure pipeline,|[0009] (5) The fish farming system consists of an annular ring device, a net, a bait feeding pipeline, a residual sundry receiving device, a residual sundry discharging pipe and a fish inlet and outlet passage, wherein the net extends from above the water surface to the seabed to form a fish farming area in the annular ring device, the annular ring device is provided with the bait feeding pipeline which surrounds the annular ring device, the underwater part of the annular ring device is provided with the residual sundry receiving device, the residual sundry discharging pipe is arranged above the residual sundry receiving device, the annular ring device is provided with the fish inlet and outlet passage,|[0010] (6) The anchoring system is characterized in that a plurality of vertical tension elastic cables and a plurality of diagonal tension elastic cables are connected with an annular ring device, the seabed end of each vertical tension elastic cable is connected with a large weight, the large weight is connected with a plurality of small weights through cables, the seabed end of each diagonal tension elastic cable is connected with another large weight, a medium vertical tension elastic cable is arranged between the seabed end of each diagonal tension elastic cable and the annular ring device and is connected with the diagonal tension elastic cable, the seabed end of each medium vertical tension elastic cable is connected with a medium weight, the medium weights are connected with the small weights through cables,|[0011] (7) The artificial algae-fish reef marine organism clinging ecological environment is an ecological environment for marine organism clinging, perching, living and breeding, which is created by arranging a plurality of algae-fish reefs made of materials compatible with marine organisms in a real light layer of a water area surrounding annular ring equipment,|[0012] (8) The offshore city is a human living area built in annular ring equipment.|[0013] 2. The marine ecological ring is characterized in that: the annular supporting platform is formed by connecting the modules, the unit modules are connected by adopting non-rigid material with elastic property, the non-rigid material with elastic property is formed by arranging anti-collision tires or other anti-collision devices between the unit modules, and the two connected unit modules are connected and tensioned by using a plurality of heavy rubber bands but not limited by the elastic connection of the rubber bands.|[0014] Advantageous effects|[0015] The invention has the advantages that the invention can obtain ultra-large scale dominant clean water area at low cost to implement natural cultivation-ecological food chain of fishes with high added value at sea, and can increase the capability of ocean carbon sink and simultaneously split the cost of offshore power generation by combining with the ecological environment of the artificial algae fish reef marine organism appendage, and the annular ring can be used for building houses and traveling and entertainment implementation and can widen the living space of human beings. Because the stability design of the equipment is reliable, the equipment can be distributed in the sea area with the water depth of 20-200 meters, and the available sea area is greatly increased. The invention has simple principle and simple manufacture, and is the recombination of the classical technology on the basis of the actual sea state test.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0016] FIG. 1 is a main structural view of a unit module of a marine ecoring assembly|[0017] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the connection between two annular ring equipped unit module main body structures|[0018] FIG. 3 is a diagram of two unit modules connected by a heavy-duty elastic connection and tension|[0019] FIG. 4 is a view showing various devices installed in a unit module at the time of dock construction|[0020] FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of various devices mounted on the unit module|[0021] FIG. 6 is another enlarged view of various devices mounted on the unit module|[0022] FIG. 7 is a view showing five unit modules mounted with various devices connected together|[0023] FIG. 8 is a view showing an assembly of an annular ring formed when a plurality of unit modules mounted with various devices are connected together|[0024] FIG. 9 is an ecological environment view of an artificial algal reef marine organism appendage disposed in an outer eukaryotic layer of an annular ring apparatus|[0025] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a device for collecting kinetic energy and potential energy of waves simultaneously|[0026] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic power generation system|[0027] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an anchoring system|[0028] FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an offshore city built into an annular ring installation|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0029] The marine ecological ring is shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13:|[0030] 1. as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8:|[0031] in fig. 1, 1 represents the main structure of a unit module, 2 support columns, 3 underwater floats, and 4 platforms above the water surface.|[0032] In fig. 2, 1 refers to two unit modules connected in tension by a heavy-duty rubber band, 2 a collision-preventing tire is provided between the unit modules, 3 represents one unit module, and 4 represents the other unit module.|[0033] In fig. 3, 1 represents a rubber band connecting column on one unit module, 2 represents a rubber band connecting column on the other unit module, 3 represents a cable-stayed heavy rubber band, and 4 represents a transverse-stayed heavy rubber band.|[0034] Fig. 4 is a view showing various devices installed in one unit module at the time of dock construction.|[0035] Fig. 7 is a diagram when five unit modules mounted with various devices are connected together.|[0036] Fig. 8 is an assembly view of an annular ring formed when a plurality of unit modules mounted with various devices are connected together.|[0037] The annular supporting platform formed by connecting the modules is annular ring equipment (shown in fig. 7 and 8) which is formed by connecting a plurality of underwater floating bodies (shown as 3 in fig. 1) and platforms (shown as 4 in fig. 1) which are supported by columns (shown as 2 in fig. 1) and leave the water surface as unit modules (shown as 3 and 4 in fig. 2) in the whole structure (shown as 1) and is semi-submerged in the water, and the water plane of the supporting columns (shown as 2 in fig. 1) is small and the wave force applied to the supporting columns is also small.|[0038] The annular supporting platform is formed by connecting the modules, the unit modules (shown as 3 and 4 in fig. 2) are connected by adopting a non-rigid material (shown as 1 in fig. 2) with elastic property, the non-rigid material with elastic property is formed by arranging an anti-collision tire (shown as 2 in fig. 2) between the unit modules, and the two connected unit modules are connected and tensioned by using a plurality of heavy rubber bands (shown as 1 in fig. 3 and 2), so that the simple and easy connection mode can buffer, dissolve and release various breaking forces from sea, and simultaneously the whole annular ring equipment can be tightly connected together.|[0039] The construction method of building the small modules of the unit first and then assembling the small modules into large equipment is very simple, and shipyards with shipyards can easily build the large equipment.|[0040] 2. As shown in fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11:|[0041] in fig. 4, a horizontal axis wind turbine generator 1, a vertical axis wind turbine generator 2, a circular house 3, a platform above the water surface 4, a wave energy collecting device 5, a net 6, a 7 underwater floating body, a typhoon-proof house 8, a court, a theatre, a market and a house can be arranged in the house, and a stereoscopic vegetable plantation or a court can be arranged in the house by 9.|[0042] In fig. 5, 1 round house, 2 wave kinetic energy and potential energy collecting device, 3 fish access way, 4 sundries discharge pipe, 5 underwater floating body, 6 support column, 7 net, 8 sundries receiving device, 9 typhoon-proof house, court, theatre, market, house can be set up in house, 10 represents here can set up three-dimensional vegetable plantation or court, 11, 12 represents the platform above the water surface.|[0043] In fig. 6, 1 represents a three-dimensional vegetable plantation or a court, 2 a typhoon-proof house, and a court, a movie theatre, a mall, a house, 3 and 6 residual sundries discharge pipes, 4 a swimming pool, 5 residual sundries receiving devices and 7 bait feeding pipelines can be arranged in the house.|[0044] Fig. 7 is a diagram showing five unit modules mounted with various devices connected together.|[0045] Fig. 8 is an annular ring equipment formed when several unit modules mounted with various devices are connected together.|[0046] FIG. 9 is an ecological environment formed by an artificial algal reef marine organism appendage disposed on an outer eukaryotic layer of an annular ring equipment.|[0047] In fig. 10, 1 represents a vertical frame arranged on an annular ring device, 2 a hydraulic cylinder for collecting wave potential energy, 3 a bearing seat, 4 a horizontal frame, 5 shafts, 6 a bearing seat, 7 a buoyancy tank, 8 a buoyancy tank connecting frame, 9 a hydraulic cylinder for collecting wave kinetic energy and 10 shafts.|[0048] In fig. 11, the liquid outlet high-pressure pipes in the energy storage tanks 1, 2 pipelines, 3 and 4, the continuous generator of the hydraulic motor 5 (hydraulic generator set), the liquid outlet pipe of the hydraulic motor 6, the normal pressure pipeline 7, the normal pressure tank 8, the normal pressure pipeline 9, the return pipe 10, the small pipeline 11 and the liquid inlet high-pressure pipe of the energy storage tank 12.|[0049] The annular ring equipment (shown in figures 7 and 8) formed by the annular supporting platforms formed by connecting the modules is provided with houses (shown in figures 4, 3 and 8 and 1 and 9 in figure 5), the annular ring equipment is provided with swimming pools (shown in figure 6), the annular ring equipment is provided with a court (shown in figure 6) and is provided with a theatre (shown in figure 6) and is provided with a stereoscopic vegetable plantation (shown in figure 6), and the annular ring equipment is provided with a stereoscopic vegetable plantation (shown in figure 6).|[0050] The horizontal axis wind turbine (shown as 1 in fig. 4) and the vertical axis wind turbine (shown as 2 in fig. 4) are installed on the unit modules of the annular ring equipment (shown as 4) when the dock is built.|[0051] The device for collecting the wave kinetic energy and the potential energy simultaneously is arranged on the annular ring device (5 in fig. 10 and 5 in fig. 5), one end of a horizontal direction frame (4 in fig. 10) is connected with a buoyancy tank connecting frame (8 in fig. 10) and a buoyancy tank (7 in fig. 10) through a rotating shaft (5 in fig. 10) and a bearing seat (6 in fig. 10), two ends of a hydraulic cylinder (9 in fig. 10) for collecting the wave kinetic energy are respectively connected with the horizontal direction frame and the buoyancy tank, the other end of the horizontal direction frame (4 in fig. 10) is connected with a vertical direction frame (1 in fig. 10) arranged on the annular ring device through the rotating shaft (10 in fig. 10) and the bearing seat (3 in fig. 10), and the hydraulic cylinder (2 in fig. 10) for collecting the wave potential energy is respectively connected with the horizontal direction frame and the vertical direction frame.|[0052] When the buoyancy tank receives wave force (wave kinetic energy) in the horizontal direction, the buoyancy tank (shown as 7 in fig. 10) moves around the shaft (shown as 5 in fig. 10) so as to compress the hydraulic cylinder (shown as 9 in fig. 10) to generate hydraulic energy to be transmitted to the hydraulic power generation system (shown as 11), and the collection of the wave kinetic energy also plays a role in reducing the impact of the wave force on the annular ring equipment in practice; when the buoyancy tank is subjected to vertical wave buoyancy (wave heave, wave potential energy), the buoyancy tank (shown at 7 in fig. 10) moves around the shaft (shown at 10 in fig. 10) to compress the hydraulic cylinder (shown at 2 in fig. 10) to generate hydraulic energy for transmission to the hydraulic power generation system.|[0053] The hydraulic power generation system (shown in fig. 11) is composed of a hydraulic cylinder (shown as 2 and 9 in fig. 10), a pipeline (shown as 11, 12 and 2 in fig. 11) for collecting wave energy, an energy storage tank (shown as 1 in fig. 11) and a hydraulic motor generator set (shown as 5 in fig. 11), wherein the hydraulic cylinder on the wave energy collecting device is provided with a small pipeline (shown as 11) which is connected with a liquid inlet high-pressure pipe (shown as 12 in fig. 11) of the energy storage tank and then enters the energy storage tank (shown as 1 in fig. 11), a liquid outlet high-pressure pipe (shown as 3 and 4 in fig. 11) in the energy storage tank is connected with the hydraulic motor generator set (shown as 5 in fig. 11), the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate power, liquid after hydraulic Ma Dagong enters an atmospheric pressure pipeline (shown as 7 in fig. 11) through a liquid outlet pipe (shown as 6 in fig. 11), and then enters the atmospheric pressure tank (shown as 8 in fig. 11), and the liquid in the atmospheric pressure tank flows back to the hydraulic cylinder of the energy collecting device through a liquid outlet high-pressure pipe (shown as 10 in fig. 11) of the wave energy collecting device. The number of the hydraulic motor generator sets which are started can be determined according to the pressure (also the wave) in the energy storage tank. Hydraulic system technology is well-established.|[0054] The fish farming system consists of annular ring equipment (shown in figure 8), a net (shown in 6 in figure 4 and 7 in figure 5), a bait feeding pipeline (shown in 7 in figure 6), a residue receiving device (shown in 8 in figure 5 and 5 in figure 6), a residue discharging pipe (shown in 4 in figure 5 and 6 and 3 in figure 6) and a fish inlet and outlet channel (shown in 3 in figure 5), wherein the outer periphery of the annular ring equipment is provided with the net (shown in 6 in figure 4 and 7 in figure 5) which extends from above the water surface to a fish farming area (shown in 7 in figure 8) in the annular ring equipment, the annular ring equipment is provided with the bait feeding pipeline (shown in 7 in figure 6) which surrounds the annular ring equipment, the underwater part of the annular ring equipment is provided with the residue receiving device (shown in 8 in figure 5 and 5 in figure 6), the residue discharging pipe (shown in 4 in figure 5 and 6 and 3 in figure 6) is arranged on the residue receiving device (shown in 8 in figure 5 and 3 in figure 6), the annular ring equipment is provided with the net (shown in figure 4 and 7 in figure 5) which the fish is also provided with the artificial fish feed channel in the natural ecological reef for the fish to enter the natural ecological reef, and the natural ecological reef is formed, and the natural ecological reef is fed in the natural ecological system, and the natural ecological reef is formed. The fish culture technology is a mature technology.|[0055] 3. As shown in fig. 9:|[0056] FIG. 9 is an ecological environment formed by an artificial algal reef marine organism appendage disposed on an outer eukaryotic layer of an annular ring equipment.|[0057] The artificial algal reef marine organism attaching ecological environment is an ecological environment (shown in figure 9) which is created by arranging a plurality of algal reefs made of materials compatible with marine organisms in a real-light layer of a water area surrounding annular ring equipment and used for attaching, inhabiting, living and breeding the marine organisms. Because the artificial algal reef marine organism attachment is arranged on a light layer (4-9 meters below the water surface is equal to 'rising' of the sea floor), the artificial algal reef marine organism attachment is not influenced by wind and waves, various photosynthesis of the light layer is superior to that of the sea floor, the artificial algal reef marine organism attachment is beneficial to synthesizing various marine organic carbons (animals and plants), particularly in an oligotrophic area far from the shore (more than 50 meters in water depth), the ecological environment formed by the artificial algal reef marine organism attachment arranged on the light layer is beneficial to building a high-quality ecological sea area, enriching marine organism communities (organisms, microorganisms and microorganisms), recovering and extending a marine natural ecological system, and improving the carbon sink capacity of the sea.|[0058] 4. As shown in fig. 12:|[0059] in fig. 12, 1 represents an annular ring arrangement, 2 diagonal gravity elastic cables, 3 another large weight, 4 medium vertical gravity elastic cables, 5 small weights, 6 medium weights, 7, 8, 9 small weights, 10 large weights, 11 vertical gravity elastic cables.|[0060] The anchoring system is characterized in that a plurality of vertical tension elastic cables 11 and a plurality of diagonal tension elastic cables 2 are connected with an annular ring device 1 (only one anchoring system is drawn in fig. 12), the sea bottom end of each vertical tension elastic cable 11 is connected with a large weight 10, the large weight 10 is connected with a plurality of small weights 7, 8 and 9 through cables, the sea bottom end of each diagonal tension elastic cable 2 is connected with another large weight 3, a medium vertical tension elastic cable 4 is arranged between the sea bottom end of each diagonal tension elastic cable and the annular ring device and is connected with the diagonal tension elastic cable 2, the sea bottom end of each medium vertical tension elastic cable 4 is connected with a medium weight 6, and the medium weight 6 is connected with the small weight 5 through cables.|[0061] Because the installation of the annular ring equipment on the sea is stabilized by utilizing the semi-submerged principle (the residual buoyancy is balanced with the tension of the vertical pulling cable and the residual buoyancy is smaller than the tension provided by the large seabed weight), when the large sea wave is fluctuated, the annular ring equipment is possibly submerged (on the premise that the large seabed weight and the vertical pulling cable provide enough vertical tension), but the technology provided by the invention is that small weights 7, 8 and 9 are connected with the large weight 10, when the wave rises to a certain height (when the buoyancy generated by the fact that the part above the water surface of the annular ring equipment rises due to the wave reaches a certain value), the vertical pulling cable 11 pulls the large weight to sequentially pull the small weights 7, 8 and 9 to rise, and the rising wave cannot submerge the annular ring equipment; similarly, in the horizontal direction, when the thrust of the wave to the annular ring equipment exceeds a certain amount, the middle vertical pulling gravity elastic cable 4, the middle weight 6 and the small weight 5 can play the same role. This design is equivalent to providing the cable with stretch elasticity, referred to herein as a gravity elastic cable because of the elasticity provided by gravity. The plurality of vertical pulling gravity elastic cables and the plurality of diagonal pulling gravity elastic cables are connected with the annular ring device, so that the annular ring device can be kept at the same position. These are simple techniques.|[0062] The annular ring equipment of the whole marine ecological ring can prevent any typhoon and billows in principle (the ship and the aircraft carrier do not have the principle of typhoon and billows prevention), and because the annular ring equipment utilizes the non-antagonistic principle of buffering, dissolving, dispersing and releasing excessive external force, the annular ring equipment of the marine ecological ring has enough survivability on the sea, and can comprehensively develop marine resources by utilizing the superior survivability.|[0063] 5. As shown in fig. 13:|[0064] figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an offshore city built into an annular ring gear (only five buildings are built into the ring),|[0065] the offshore city is a human living area built in the annular ring equipment, and the human living area is built by using the environment of 'calm wind' in the annular ring equipment, so that the living space of human beings can be widened.|[0066] The invention is a recombination made by classical knowledge and technology on the basis of numerous real sea state tests, and shipyards with shipyards can easily build the shipyards. | Family Number|(91527852)|91527852|Abstract|(CN111945695B B)|The invention discloses an ocean ecological circle . The ocean ecological circle is composed of an annular circle supporting platform formed by connecting modules , a horizontal - axis wind turbine generator system , a vertical - axis wind turbine generator system , a wave kinetic energy and potential energy simultaneous collection device , a hydraulic power generation system , a fish culture system , an anchoring and mooring system , an artificial algal fish reef marine organism attachment ecological environment and a marine city . While wind and wave energy is used for large - scale power generation , annular ring equipment can be used for cheaply obtaining a large - scale manageable clean water area so as to implement marine high - added - value fish culture , algal fish reefs are artificially distributed ona euphotic layer of a water area outside the annular ring equipment so as to create an ecological environment for marine organism attachment , inhabitation , living and reproduction , and finally , a natural ecological chain for culturing fishes with fishes is realized , and the ocean carbon sequestration capacity is improved ; and houses , tourist and entertainment facilities can be built on the annularring equipment , and the marine city can be built in the annular ring equipment , so that the living space of human beings is widened . | | Civil engineering|Engines, pumps, turbines|Other special machines|Transport | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/70|E02B-009/08|E02B-017/00|E02B-2017/0056|F03B-013/18/85|F03D-009/45|Y02A-040/81|Y02B-010/30|Y02E-010/30|Y02E-010/72|Y02E-010/728|Y02P-060/60 | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/70|E02B-009/08|E02B-017/00|E02B-2017/0056|F03B-013/18/85|F03D-009/45|Y02A-040/81|Y02B-010/30|Y02E-010/30|Y02E-010/72|Y02E-010/728|Y02P-060/60 | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/70|B63B-035/44|E02B-009/08|E02B-017/00|F03B-013/18|F03D-009/45 | A01K-061/60|A01K-061/70|B63B-035/44|E02B-009/08|E02B-017/00|F03B-013/18|F03D-009/45 | CN114046221 | CN114046221 98712834 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN107343482|CN103925159|GB1495932 | CN107343482 77752686 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN103925159 66699781 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|GB1495932 18090310 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN107343482; CN103925159; GB1495932 | GRANTED | (CN111945695)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN111945695)|ALIVE | (CN111945695)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN111945695|Actual or expected expiration date=2039-05-16|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2019-05-16|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN201910444627|Application date=2019-05-16|Standardized application number=2019CN-0444627|Event publication date=2020-11-17|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN111945695|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2020-11-17|Standardized publication number=CN111945695|Event publication date=2020-11-17|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2022-04-26|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2022-09-06|Event code=CN/CB02|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Change of applicant information|FORMER APPLICANT:WU MINGMAO APPLICANT:WU MINGMAO|Event publication date=2022-09-23|Event code=CN/DD01|Event group=Examination events|Public Announcement|Notification of Eligibility for Procedures|Event publication date=2023-08-25|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN111945695|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2023-08-25|Standardized publication number=CN111945695B|Event publication date=2023-08-25|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right|Event publication date=2024-03-19|Event code=CN/TR01|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Transfer of patent right|FORMER APPLICANT:WU MINGMAO APPLICANT:Guangxi Yudafu Marine Technology Co.,Ltd.|Effective date of the event=2024-03-06 | (CN111945695)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSZjj7V/KCMkRj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000069220659&ekey=2122&xpn=CN111945695B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=B9bleYCxKp0o7AbLedF077msLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN111945695)|CN|(CN111945695)|CN | (CN111945695)|NAME=WU MINGMAO , COUNTRY=CN|(CN111945695)|NAME=WU MINGMAO , COUNTRY=CN | (CN111945695)|NAME=WU MINGMAO|(CN111945695)|NAME=WU MINGMAO | Titre: (CN111945695)|Marine ecological ring Résumé: (CN111945695)|The invention discloses an ocean ecological circle. The ocean ecological circle is composed of an annular circle supporting platform formed by connecting modules, a horizontal-axis wind turbine generator system, a vertical-axis wind turbine generator system, a wave kinetic energy and potential energy simultaneous collection device, a hydraulic power generation system, a fish culture system, an anchoring and mooring system, an artificial algal fish reef marine organism attachment ecological environment and a marine city. While wind and wave energy is used for large-scale power generation, annular ring equipment can be used for cheaply obtaining a large-scale manageable clean water area so as to implement marine high-added-value fish culture, algal fish reefs are artificially distributed ona euphotic layer of a water area outside the annular ring equipment so as to create an ecological environment for marine organism attachment, inhabitation, living and reproduction, and finally, a natural ecological chain for culturing fishes with fishes is realized, and the ocean carbon sequestration capacity is improved; and houses, tourist and entertainment facilities can be built on the annularring equipment, and the marine city can be built in the annular ring equipment, so that the living space of human beings is widened. | 62.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article mentions improving ocean carbon sequestration capacity, but the focus is primarily on creating an ecological environment for fish culture and marine cities, rather than directly addressing iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 3.0 | 1.0 | (CN111945695)|1 | (CN111945695)|1 | (CN111945695)|2|(CN111945695)|2 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN111945695)|13 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN111945695)|Number of Claims: NCL=2|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-08-25|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-3402|Number of Pages: NPAGES=16|Primary examiner: 秦吉利|Primary examiner: Qin Jili||(CN111945695)|Number of Claims: NCL=2|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2020-11-17|Gazette number: GAZNUM=36-4701|Number of Pages: NPAGES=16|Primary examiner: 秦吉利|Primary examiner: Qin Jili| | (CN111945695)|Previous publication: CN111945695 A 2020-11-17 [CN111945695] | (CN111945695)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN111945695B)|Patent|(CN111945695)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 73 | CN202311631369 | CN202311631369 | CN117629680|CN117629680 | 108718024 | CN117629680 B 2025-06-03 [CN117629680B]|CN117629680 A 2024-03-01 [CN117629680] | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | 2025-06-03|2024-03-01 | (CN117629680B)|2025-06-03 | (CN117629680)|2043-11-30 | (CN117629680)|Investigation sampling device for evaluating influence of herbicide on marine organism diversity | (CN117629680)|The invention relates to an investigation sampling device for evaluating the influence of herbicides on the diversity of marine organisms. The sampling device comprises displacement equipment which is used for floating on seawater and changing the position of the displacement equipment; the rotating shaft is arranged on the displacement equipment; the sampling groups are axially arranged along the rotating shaft, each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and a fishing net is arranged at one end, far away from the rotating shaft, of each connecting rod; according to the plankton collecting device, planktons at different depths can be independently collected, other water layers are not interfered in the collecting process, samples at fixed depths can be collected for a long time, and the sampling accuracy can be guaranteed; the phytoplankton in the ocean is not only a basis of a marine food chain, but also an important driver of ocean carbon sequestration and ocean geochemical circulation, and the influence of the herbicide on the diversity of marine organisms can be evaluated by researching the growth condition of the plankton and the influence of the herbicide on the plankton. | CHINESE RESEARCH ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES | (CN117629680)|CHINESE RESEARCH ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ([CN])|(CN117629680)|CHINESE RESEARCH ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ([CN]) | LUO JIANWU|LIANG WEI|WANG WEI|LI QIANG|ZHOU YUE|LIU FANGZHENG | (CN117629680)|LUO JIANWU|LIANG WEI|WANG WEI|LI QIANG|ZHOU YUE|LIU FANGZHENG|(CN117629680)|LUO JIANWU|LIANG WEI|WANG WEI|LI QIANG|ZHOU YUE|LIU FANGZHENG | (CN117629680)|REN JIAHAO;HEFEI ZHONGGU INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 34146 | (CN117629680)|In the process of dragging and collecting, because the trawl is large in volume and relatively high in movement speed, the stirring water flow can cause surprise to the movable water layers of plankton, fish and other organisms in the collecting area, the result of collecting quantity, plankton types and the like can be inaccurate to a certain extent, because the trawl is provided with a certain length, the trawl is inconvenient to sample in a shallow water area, samples cannot be collected for a long time at a fixed depth in the process of vertically or horizontally dragging a net tool to collect, and in the process of recovering the collecting device from a deep water target position to a collecting ship, the service life can be greatly reduced due to the resistance between the device and water and the impact of the water flow on the collecting device.|The investigation of marine organism diversity is a complex and arduous task requiring the aid of a variety of investigation techniques and means, one of which is the collection of plankton, its analysis and investigation.| | (CN117629680)|1. A survey sampling apparatus for evaluating the effect of herbicides on marine biodiversity, comprising: A displacement device (1) for floating on sea water and changing its own position; a rotating shaft (2) arranged on the displacement equipment (1); A plurality of sampling groups axially arranged along the rotating shaft (2), each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods (3) circumferentially arranged along the rotating shaft (2), one end of each connecting rod (3) far away from the rotating shaft (2) is provided with a fishing net (4), the mouth part of each fishing net (4) faces the direction of the moving track of the fishing net so that the fishing net (4) can collect plankton in water when rotating, and The driving assembly is arranged on the displacement equipment (1) and used for driving the rotating shaft (2) to rotate, and comprises a driving motor (5), a first gear (6) is arranged at the output shaft end of the driving motor (5), and a second gear (7) meshed with the first gear (6) is arranged at one end, close to the driving motor (5), of the rotating shaft (2); The displacement equipment (1) is provided with a box body (8), a driving motor (5) is arranged in the box body (8), a shaft hole concentric with the axis of the driving motor (5) is arranged in the rotating shaft (2), a sleeve (9) connected with the box body (8) is arranged at the shaft hole, a connecting rod (10) is arranged in the sleeve (9), a synchronous belt (11) for driving the connecting rod (10) to rotate is arranged between the connecting rod (10) and the driving motor (5), one end of the sleeve (9) far away from the driving motor (5) is provided with a shell (12), one end of the connecting rod (10) in the shell (12) is provided with a first bevel gear (13), a second bevel gear (14) meshed with the first bevel gear (13) is arranged in the shell (12), a screw propeller (15) extending out of the shell (12) is arranged on the second bevel gear (14), and power is provided for one end of the rotating shaft (2) far away from the driving motor (5) when the screw propeller (15) rotates so that the rotating shaft (2) keeps vertical in water; An electric push rod (16) is arranged on the box body (8), a circular ring (17) connected with the electric push rod (16) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (2), a plurality of racks (18) are arranged on one side, far away from the box body (8), of the circular ring (17), a gear ring (19) which corresponds to the racks (18) and is meshed with each other is arranged on the connecting rod (3), and the racks (18) are used for driving the connecting rod (3) to rotate; The plankton is collected by the fishing net (4), and the influence of the herbicide on the diversity of the marine organisms can be evaluated by analyzing the plankton. | | (CN117629680)|The application relates to a survey sampling device for evaluating the influence of herbicides on marine organism diversity. The sampling device comprises a displacement device for floating on the sea water and changing its own position; the application can collect plankton with different depths independently, can collect samples with fixed depths for a long time, can ensure the accuracy of sampling, and can not only be the basis of sea food chains, but also be an important driver of sea carbon fixation and marine land formation circulation, and can evaluate the influence of herbicides on sea biodiversity by studying the growth condition of plankton and the influence of herbicides on plankton.| | (CN117629680)|MARINE ORGANISM(100,13)|HERBICIDE(100,12)|MARINE ORGANISM DIVERSITY(100,10)|SURVEY SAMPLING(100,8)|EVALUATION(100,6)|INVESTIGATION(100,6)|MARINE BIODIVERSITY(100,5)|HERBICIDE EVALUATING INFLUENCE(100,2)|HERBICIDE INFLUENCE(99,5)|SEA BIODIVERSITY(81,1)|PLANKTON(68,20)|DRIVING MOTOR(61,24)|PLANKTON COLLECTION(61,1)|SEA CARBON FIXATION DRIVER(61,1)|SEAFOOD CHAIN(57,1)|TRAWL(51,3)|ARDUOUS TASK(51,1)|COLLECTING SHIP(51,1)|FISHING NET(49,48)|SHELL(47,6)|SEA CARBON FIXATION(45,1)|FORMATION CIRCULATION(43,1)|DISPLACEMENT EQUIPMENT(42,15)|SHAFT HOLE(42,2)|SCREW PROPELLER(39,2)|COMPLEX TASK(39,1)|BEVEL GEAR(38,16)|SEAWATER(36,6)|PLANKTON LAYER(36,1)|RACK(35,13)|NET INCOME INSTRUMENT(35,1)|SERVICE LIFE(34,1)|ROTATING SHAFT(31,28)|FLOATING(31,4)|FISHING NET MOVING TRACK(31,3)|MARINE(30,1)|ORGANISM(29,1)|DIVERSITY(28,2)|CONSTANT DEPTH(25,3)|ENGINE SHIP(25,3)|ELECTRICAL PUSH ROD(23,8)|MOVING TRACK(23,3)|CARBON FIXATION(23,1)|CONNECTING ROD(22,25)|SAMPLING(22,7)|GEAR RING(22,4)|DRIVING CONNECTING ROD(20,4)|COLLECTION AREA(20,1)|FISH(20,1)|SYNCHRONOUS BELT(19,3)|DEEP WATER TARGET(18,1)|OPPOSITE MAGNETIC FORCE(15,4)|ROTATING SHAFT DRIVING(15,3)|STIRRING WATER FLOW(15,1)|WATER FLOW IMPACT(15,1)|MOVEMENT SPEED(14,1)|AWAY(13,9)|CONTROLLED ELECTRIC SHIP(13,1)|CIRCULAR RING(12,9)|PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY(12,1)|WATER FLOW(12,1)|HERBICIDE POLLUTION SITUATION(11,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(9,1)|SHALLOW WATER AREA(9,1)|OUTPUT SHAFT(8,2)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS INHIBITOR(8,1)|MAGNETIC STRIP(7,4)|MARINE ORGANISM RESOURCE(7,1)|PROTECTING MARINE ECOSYSTEM(7,1)|RACK POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(7,1)|GEAR RATIO(6,3)|SHAFT HOLE DEPARTMENT(6,2)|BEVEL GEAR MESHING(6,1)|COLLECTION SHIP(6,1)|ENDOCENTRIC SHAFT(6,1)|HORIZONTAL DRAGGING COLLECTION(6,1)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE(6,1)|PLANKTON GROWTH(6,1)|TRAWL COLLECTION MODE(6,1)|CONCENTRIC SHAFT(4,1)|OCEAN BIOCHEMICAL CYCLE(4,1)||(CN117629680)|HERBICIDE(100,15)|MARINE ORGANISM(100,15)|MARINE ORGANISM DIVERSITY(100,11)|SURVEY SAMPLING(100,10)|INVESTIGATION(100,7)|MARINE BIODIVERSITY(100,7)|EVALUATION(100,6)|HERBICIDE EVALUATING INFLUENCE(100,2)|HERBICIDE INFLUENCE(99,5)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION DRIVER(62,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON(57,4)|ASSESSING(50,3)|PLANKTON COLLECTION(50,1)|PLANKTON(48,18)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(48,1)|FISHING NET(43,49)|ARDUOUS TASK(42,1)|DIVERSITY(37,3)|DISPLACEMENT EQUIPMENT(35,15)|SAMPLING(35,8)|FORMATION CIRCULATION(35,1)|COMPLEX TASK(32,1)|SEAWATER(30,6)|SEA FOOD CHAIN(29,2)|SAMPLING GROUP(29,1)|FISHING NET MOVING TRACK(26,3)|ROTATING SHAFT(25,29)|FLOATING(25,4)|SEA(24,7)|WATER LAYER(22,2)|CONSTANT DEPTH(21,3)|ENGINE SHIP(21,3)|COAXIAL SHAFT(20,1)|CONNECTING ROD(19,27)|MOVING TRACK(19,3)|DRIVING MOTOR(18,19)|ROTARY SHAFT(18,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(17,2)|DRIVE MOTOR(17,2)|SHAFT HOLE DEPARTMENT(16,3)|DRIVING COMPONENT(14,4)|ELECTRICAL PUSH ROD(12,8)|GEAR RING(12,4)|OPPOSITE MAGNETIC FORCE(12,4)|ROTATING SHAFT DRIVING(12,3)|OUTSIDE CASING(12,2)|COLLECTION(11,2)|CONTROLLED ELECTRIC SHIP(11,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY(10,1)|HERBICIDE POLLUTION SITUATION(9,1)|MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON(8,1)|AWAY(7,8)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS INHIBITOR(7,1)|CIRCULAR RING(6,9)|PROPELLER(6,5)|MAGNETIC STRIP(6,4)|DRIVING CONNECTING ROD(6,3)|COLLECTING SHIP(6,1)|MARINE ORGANISM RESOURCE(6,1)|PROTECTING MARINE ECOSYSTEM(6,1)|RACK POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(6,1)|DRIVE CONNECTING ROD(5,3)|GEAR RATIO(5,3)|BEVEL GEAR MESHING(5,1)|COLLECTION SHIP(5,1)|ENDOCENTRIC SHAFT(5,1)|HORIZONTAL DRAGGING COLLECTION(5,1)|HORIZONTAL DRAGGING NET TOOL(5,1)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE(5,1)|PLANKTON GROWTH(5,1)|TRAWL COLLECTION MODE(5,1)|OUTPUT SHAFT(4,2)|CONCENTRIC SHAFT(4,1)| | (CN117629680)|1. A survey sampling apparatus for evaluating the effect of herbicides on marine biodiversity, comprising:| A displacement device (1) for floating on sea water and changing its own position; | a rotating shaft (2) arranged on the displacement equipment (1); | A plurality of sampling groups axially arranged along the rotating shaft (2), each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods (3) circumferentially arranged along the rotating shaft (2), one end of each connecting rod (3) far away from the rotating shaft (2) is provided with a fishing net (4), the mouth part of each fishing net (4) faces the direction of the moving track of the fishing net so that the fishing net (4) can collect plankton in water when rotating, and |The driving assembly is arranged on the displacement equipment (1) and used for driving the rotating shaft (2) to rotate, and comprises a driving motor (5), a first gear (6) is arranged at the output shaft end of the driving motor (5), and a second gear (7) meshed with the first gear (6) is arranged at one end, close to the driving motor (5), of the rotating shaft (2);| The displacement equipment (1) is provided with a box body (8), a driving motor (5) is arranged in the box body (8), a shaft hole concentric with the axis of the driving motor (5) is arranged in the rotating shaft (2), a sleeve (9) connected with the box body (8) is arranged at the shaft hole, a connecting rod (10) is arranged in the sleeve (9), a synchronous belt (11) for driving the connecting rod (10) to rotate is arranged between the connecting rod (10) and the driving motor (5), one end of the sleeve (9) far away from the driving motor (5) is provided with a shell (12), one end of the connecting rod (10) in the shell (12) is provided with a first bevel gear (13), a second bevel gear (14) meshed with the first bevel gear (13) is arranged in the shell (12), a screw propeller (15) extending out of the shell (12) is arranged on the second bevel gear (14), and power is provided for one end of the rotating shaft (2) far away from the driving motor (5) when the screw propeller (15) rotates so that the rotating shaft (2) keeps vertical in water; | An electric push rod (16) is arranged on the box body (8), a circular ring (17) connected with the electric push rod (16) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (2), a plurality of racks (18) are arranged on one side, far away from the box body (8), of the circular ring (17), a gear ring (19) which corresponds to the racks (18) and is meshed with each other is arranged on the connecting rod (3), and the racks (18) are used for driving the connecting rod (3) to rotate; | The plankton is collected by the fishing net (4), and the influence of the herbicide on the diversity of the marine organisms can be evaluated by analyzing the plankton. |2. A survey sampling apparatus for assessing the effect of herbicides on marine biodiversity according to claim 1, characterised in that the displacement device (1) is an engine ship or a remotely controlled electric ship.|3. A survey sampling apparatus for assessing the effects of herbicides on marine biodiversity according to claim 1, characterised in that the gear ratio of gear No. (7) and gear No. (6) is greater than 10.|4. The investigation sampling device for evaluating the influence of herbicides on marine organism diversity according to claim 1, wherein the fishing net (4) is cylindrical, and two ends of the fishing net (4) are respectively provided with magnetic strips with opposite magnetism. | (CN117629680)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a survey sampling device for evaluating influence of herbicides on marine organism diversity.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] As a toxic substance, land rivers or groundwater in many countries have reported a serious problem of herbicide pollution. However, when the baichuan is put into the sea, a large amount of pollutants can finally enter the sea, but the current situation of herbicide pollution in the sea is rarely known. The investigation and evaluation of marine organism diversity is an important means for protecting marine ecosystem, maintaining marine ecological balance and reasonably utilizing marine organism resources.|[0003] The investigation of marine organism diversity is a complex and arduous task requiring the aid of a variety of investigation techniques and means, one of which is the collection of plankton, its analysis and investigation.|[0004] The plankton sampling device disclosed in the prior art mostly adopts a trawl collection mode, and the working principle is that a collection ship or other power mechanisms on the ship are utilized in a target sea area to drive a collector to carry out vertical or horizontal dragging collection at the target depth of the target sea area. In the process of dragging and collecting, because the trawl is large in volume and relatively high in movement speed, the stirring water flow can cause surprise to the movable water layers of plankton, fish and other organisms in the collecting area, the result of collecting quantity, plankton types and the like can be inaccurate to a certain extent, because the trawl is provided with a certain length, the trawl is inconvenient to sample in a shallow water area, samples cannot be collected for a long time at a fixed depth in the process of vertically or horizontally dragging a net tool to collect, and in the process of recovering the collecting device from a deep water target position to a collecting ship, the service life can be greatly reduced due to the resistance between the device and water and the impact of the water flow on the collecting device.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a survey sampling apparatus for evaluating the influence of herbicides on marine organism diversity.|[0006] The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:|[0007] A survey sampling apparatus for evaluating the effect of herbicides on marine biodiversity comprising: |[0008] a displacement device for floating on the sea water and changing its own position; |[0009] a rotating shaft arranged on the displacement equipment; |[0010] a plurality of sampling groups axially arranged along the rotating shaft, each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods circumferentially arranged along the rotating shaft, one end of each connecting rod, far away from the rotating shaft, is provided with a fishing net, the mouth part of the fishing net faces the direction of the moving track of the fishing net so that the fishing net can collect plankton in water when rotating, and |[0011] The driving component is arranged on the displacement equipment and used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate;|[0012] The plankton is collected by the fishing net, and the influence of the herbicide on the diversity of the marine organisms can be estimated by analyzing the plankton. |[0013] Preferably, the displacement device is an engine ship or a remote control electric ship.|[0014] Preferably, the driving assembly comprises a driving motor, a first gear is arranged at the output shaft end of the driving motor, and a second gear meshed with the first gear is arranged at one end, close to the driving motor, of the rotating shaft.|[0015] Preferably, the gear ratio of the second gear and the first gear is greater than 10.|[0016] Preferably, the displacement equipment is provided with a box body, and the driving motor is arranged in the box body;|[0017] Be equipped with rather than the endocentric shaft hole of axis in the pivot, shaft hole department is equipped with the sleeve of being connected with the box, be equipped with the connecting rod in the sleeve, be equipped with between connecting rod and the driving motor and drive connecting rod pivoted hold-in range, the one end that driving motor was kept away from to the sleeve is equipped with the casing, the connecting rod is equipped with a bevel gear in the one end in the casing, be equipped with in the casing with a bevel gear intermeshing, be equipped with on the bevel gear and extend to the screw outside the casing, the screw is kept away from driving motor one end and is provided power in order to make the pivot keep vertical in water for the pivot when rotating. |[0018] Preferably, the electric push rod is arranged on the box body, a circular ring connected with the electric push rod is sleeved on the rotating shaft, a plurality of racks are arranged on one side, far away from the box body, of the circular ring, a gear ring which corresponds to the racks and is meshed with the racks is arranged on the connecting rod, and the racks are used for driving the connecting rod to rotate.|[0019] Preferably, the fishing net is cylindrical, and two ends of the fishing net are respectively provided with magnetic strips with opposite magnetism.|[0020] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0021] The application can collect plankton with different depths independently, does not interfere other water layers in the collection process, can collect samples with fixed depths for a long time, can ensure the accuracy of sampling, and can accurately evaluate the influence of herbicide on marine organism diversity by analyzing and researching the growth conditions of plankton. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;|[0023] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 1; |[0024] FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at B in FIG. 1; |[0025] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the invention after sampling; |[0026] fig. 5 is a schematic view of the positional relationship of the rack and the ring gear in the present invention. |[0027] The device comprises a displacement device 1, a rotating shaft 3, a connecting rod 4, a fishing net 5, a driving motor 6, a first gear, a second gear, a box 8, a sleeve 9, a sleeve 10, a connecting rod 11, a synchronous belt 12, a shell 13, a first bevel gear 14, a second bevel gear 15, a propeller 16, an electric push rod 17, a circular ring 18, a rack 19 and a gear ring.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] The following detailed description of the application is provided to illustrate the application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application since it is intended that the following detailed description is given for the purpose of illustration only, and that certain non-essential modifications and adaptations of the application may occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.|[0029] Example 1|[0030] As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a survey sampling apparatus for evaluating the effect of herbicides on marine biodiversity, comprising:|[0031] a displacement device 1 for floating on seawater and changing its own position; |[0032] a rotating shaft 2 arranged on the displacement equipment 1; |[0033] A plurality of sampling groups axially arranged along the rotating shaft 2, each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods 3 circumferentially arranged along the rotating shaft 2, one end of each connecting rod 3 far away from the rotating shaft 2 is provided with a fishing net 4, the mouth part of the fishing net 4 faces the direction of the moving track of the fishing net so that the fishing net 4 can collect plankton in water when rotating, and |[0034] The driving component is arranged on the displacement equipment 1 and used for driving the rotating shaft 2 to rotate.|[0035] It should be noted that, when the herbicide remaining in the soil is discharged into the sea, the growth of the marine phytoplankton may be inhibited, thereby affecting the diversity of marine organisms. More than half of the herbicides are photosynthesis inhibitors, which can have serious adverse effects on the photo-physiology of phytoplankton (or microalgae) at high concentrations. Phytoplankton in the ocean contributes nearly half of the photosynthesis of green plants worldwide, which is not only the basis of the ocean's food chain, but also an important driver of the ocean's carbon sequestration and ocean's biochemical cycle. Research on plankton growth and the effect of herbicides on plankton can be used to evaluate the effect of herbicides on marine organism diversity. The whole device is put into seawater, and the whole device is driven to move in the seawater by using the displacement equipment 1. The driving component drives the rotating shaft 2 to rotate in the moving process of the device, the rotating shaft 2 drives each fishing net 4 to rotate along the circumferential direction of the fishing net, and plankton on the moving path of the fishing net can be collected and temporarily stored in the fishing net 4 when the fishing net 4 rotates. The connecting rod 3 is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft 2, so that the opening of the fishing net 4 faces the moving direction of the fishing net 4 when the fishing net 4 rotates, and plankton can be smoothly captured by the fishing net 4. When plankton in the fishing net 4 increases, the weight of the fishing net 4 increases, the opening of the fishing net 4 gradually rotates upwards, and when the whole device is fished up, the opening of the fishing net 4 faces upwards, so that the plankton in the fishing net 4 can be prevented from being lost.|[0036] The displacement device 1 is an engine ship or a remote control electric ship.|[0037] The drive assembly includes driving motor 5, and driving motor 5's output axle head is equipped with a gear 6, and the one end that pivot 2 is close to driving motor 5 is equipped with a gear 6 intermeshing's No. two gears 7, and driving motor 5 drives a gear 6 rotation, and a gear 6 drives No. two gears 7 rotation to make pivot 2 produce the rotation.|[0038] The gear ratio of the gear No. two 7 to the gear No. one 6 is larger than 10, the gear number and the diameter of the gear No. one 6 are smaller than those of the gear No. two 7, a certain labor-saving effect can be achieved, the rotation speed of the gear No. two 7 is not too high, and the resistance born by the rotation of the fishing net 4 can be reduced.|[0039] The displacement equipment 1 is provided with a box body 8, and the driving motor 5 is arranged in the box body 8;|[0040] Be equipped with in the pivot 2 rather than the concentric shaft hole of axis, shaft hole department is equipped with the sleeve 9 of being connected with box 8, be equipped with connecting rod 10 in the sleeve 9, be equipped with between connecting rod 10 and the driving motor 5 and drive connecting rod 10 pivoted hold-in range 11, the one end that driving motor 5 was kept away from to sleeve 9 is equipped with casing 12, connecting rod 10 is equipped with first bevel gear 13 in the one end in casing 12, be equipped with in casing 12 with first bevel gear 13 intermeshing's second bevel gear 14, be equipped with on the second bevel gear 14 and extend to the screw 15 outside casing 12, screw 15 provides power for the pivot 2 keep away from driving motor 5 one end when rotating so that pivot 2 keeps vertical in the aquatic, casing 12, sleeve 9 and box 8 are fixed connection, make the direction of operation of screw 15 remain the same direction with the direction of movement of displacement equipment 1 all the time. When the driving motor 5 works, the connecting rod 10 is driven to rotate through the synchronous belt 11, the connecting rod 10 drives the first bevel gear 13 to rotate, and the first bevel gear 13 drives the second bevel gear 14 to rotate. The two bevel gears 14 drive the propellers 15 to rotate, the propellers 15 generate thrust in water, and the reverse thrust of the water to the propellers 15 enables the propellers 15 to drive the shell 12 and the rotating shaft 2 to move, so that one end of the rotating shaft 2 away from the displacement equipment 1 can rotate towards the moving direction of the displacement equipment 1. The rotating shaft 2 keeps a vertical state under the action of the propeller 15, so that the displacement equipment 1 can normally move, and the tilting of the rotating shaft 2 caused by larger resistance is avoided. After the sampling work is completed, the box body 8 is taken down from the displacement equipment 1, and all the fishing nets 4 can be transported to a laboratory. |[0041] The box 8 is provided with an electric push rod 16, the rotating shaft 2 is sleeved with a circular ring 17 connected with the electric push rod 16, one side, far away from the box 8, of the circular ring 17 is provided with a plurality of racks 18, the connecting rod 3 is provided with gear rings 19 which correspond to the racks 18 and are meshed with each other, the racks 18 are used for driving the connecting rod 3 to rotate, the circular ring 17 is driven to be far away from the box 8 when the electric push rod 16 stretches, the circular ring 17 drives the racks 18 to move, and the racks 18 drive the connecting rod 3 to rotate. The fishing net 4 rotates when the connecting rod 3 rotates, and the opening direction of the fishing net 4 is locked when plankton is captured, so that the fishing efficiency of the fishing net 4 can be maximized. The opening direction of the fishing net 4 is controlled when the sampling is retracted or completed, so that the opening direction of the fishing net 4 faces upwards, and the number of plankton falling out of the fishing net 4 can be reduced.|[0042] The fishing net 4 is in a cylinder shape, magnetic strips with opposite magnetism are respectively arranged at two ends of the fishing net 4, when the opening of the fishing net 4 is upward, the head ends and the tail ends of two adjacent fishing nets 4 in the vertical direction are intersected, and the magnetic strips at the head ends and the tail ends of the fishing net 4 are attracted by opposite magnetism, so that the head ends and the tail ends of the fishing net 4 are attracted. The upper fishing net 4 can block the opening of the lower fishing net 4, so that the leakage-proof performance of the fishing net 4 is further improved.|[0043] The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. | (CN117629680)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a survey sampling device for evaluating influence of herbicides on marine organism diversity.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] As a toxic substance, land rivers or groundwater in many countries have reported a serious problem of herbicide pollution. However, when the baichuan is put into the sea, a large amount of pollutants can finally enter the sea, but the current situation of herbicide pollution in the sea is rarely known. The investigation and evaluation of marine organism diversity is an important means for protecting marine ecosystem, maintaining marine ecological balance and reasonably utilizing marine organism resources.|[0003] The investigation of marine organism diversity is a complex and arduous task requiring the aid of a variety of investigation techniques and means, one of which is the collection of plankton, its analysis and investigation.|[0004] The plankton sampling device disclosed in the prior art mostly adopts a trawl collection mode, and the working principle is that a collection ship or other power mechanisms on the ship are utilized in a target sea area to drive a collector to carry out vertical or horizontal dragging collection at the target depth of the target sea area. In the process of dragging and collecting, because the trawl is large in volume and relatively high in movement speed, the stirring water flow can cause surprise to the movable water layers of plankton, fish and other organisms in the collecting area, the result of collecting quantity, plankton types and the like can be inaccurate to a certain extent, because the trawl is provided with a certain length, the trawl is inconvenient to sample in a shallow water area, samples cannot be collected for a long time at a fixed depth in the process of vertically or horizontally dragging a net tool to collect, and in the process of recovering the collecting device from a deep water target position to a collecting ship, the service life can be greatly reduced due to the resistance between the device and water and the impact of the water flow on the collecting device.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a survey sampling apparatus for evaluating the influence of herbicides on marine organism diversity.|[0006] The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:|[0007] A survey sampling apparatus for evaluating the effect of herbicides on marine biodiversity comprising: |[0008] a displacement device for floating on the sea water and changing its own position; |[0009] a rotating shaft arranged on the displacement equipment; |[0010] a plurality of sampling groups axially arranged along the rotating shaft, each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods circumferentially arranged along the rotating shaft, one end of each connecting rod, far away from the rotating shaft, is provided with a fishing net, the mouth part of the fishing net faces the direction of the moving track of the fishing net so that the fishing net can collect plankton in water when rotating, and |[0011] The driving component is arranged on the displacement equipment and used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate;|[0012] The plankton is collected by the fishing net, and the influence of the herbicide on the diversity of the marine organisms can be estimated by analyzing the plankton. |[0013] Preferably, the displacement device is an engine ship or a remote control electric ship.|[0014] Preferably, the driving assembly comprises a driving motor, a first gear is arranged at the output shaft end of the driving motor, and a second gear meshed with the first gear is arranged at one end, close to the driving motor, of the rotating shaft.|[0015] Preferably, the gear ratio of the second gear and the first gear is greater than 10.|[0016] Preferably, the displacement equipment is provided with a box body, and the driving motor is arranged in the box body;|[0017] Be equipped with rather than the endocentric shaft hole of axis in the pivot, shaft hole department is equipped with the sleeve of being connected with the box, be equipped with the connecting rod in the sleeve, be equipped with between connecting rod and the driving motor and drive connecting rod pivoted hold-in range, the one end that driving motor was kept away from to the sleeve is equipped with the casing, the connecting rod is equipped with a bevel gear in the one end in the casing, be equipped with in the casing with a bevel gear intermeshing, be equipped with on the bevel gear and extend to the screw outside the casing, the screw is kept away from driving motor one end and is provided power in order to make the pivot keep vertical in water for the pivot when rotating. |[0018] Preferably, the electric push rod is arranged on the box body, a circular ring connected with the electric push rod is sleeved on the rotating shaft, a plurality of racks are arranged on one side, far away from the box body, of the circular ring, a gear ring which corresponds to the racks and is meshed with the racks is arranged on the connecting rod, and the racks are used for driving the connecting rod to rotate.|[0019] Preferably, the fishing net is cylindrical, and two ends of the fishing net are respectively provided with magnetic strips with opposite magnetism.|[0020] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0021] The application can collect plankton with different depths independently, does not interfere other water layers in the collection process, can collect samples with fixed depths for a long time, can ensure the accuracy of sampling, and can accurately evaluate the influence of herbicide on marine organism diversity by analyzing and researching the growth conditions of plankton. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;|[0023] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 1; |[0024] FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at B in FIG. 1; |[0025] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the invention after sampling; |[0026] fig. 5 is a schematic view of the positional relationship of the rack and the ring gear in the present invention. |[0027] The device comprises a displacement device 1, a rotating shaft 3, a connecting rod 4, a fishing net 5, a driving motor 6, a first gear, a second gear, a box 8, a sleeve 9, a sleeve 10, a connecting rod 11, a synchronous belt 12, a shell 13, a first bevel gear 14, a second bevel gear 15, a propeller 16, an electric push rod 17, a circular ring 18, a rack 19 and a gear ring.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0028] The following detailed description of the application is provided to illustrate the application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application since it is intended that the following detailed description is given for the purpose of illustration only, and that certain non-essential modifications and adaptations of the application may occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.|[0029] Example 1|[0030] As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a survey sampling apparatus for evaluating the effect of herbicides on marine biodiversity, comprising:|[0031] a displacement device 1 for floating on seawater and changing its own position; |[0032] a rotating shaft 2 arranged on the displacement equipment 1; |[0033] A plurality of sampling groups axially arranged along the rotating shaft 2, each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods 3 circumferentially arranged along the rotating shaft 2, one end of each connecting rod 3 far away from the rotating shaft 2 is provided with a fishing net 4, the mouth part of the fishing net 4 faces the direction of the moving track of the fishing net so that the fishing net 4 can collect plankton in water when rotating, and |[0034] The driving component is arranged on the displacement equipment 1 and used for driving the rotating shaft 2 to rotate.|[0035] It should be noted that, when the herbicide remaining in the soil is discharged into the sea, the growth of the marine phytoplankton may be inhibited, thereby affecting the diversity of marine organisms. More than half of the herbicides are photosynthesis inhibitors, which can have serious adverse effects on the photo-physiology of phytoplankton (or microalgae) at high concentrations. Phytoplankton in the ocean contributes nearly half of the photosynthesis of green plants worldwide, which is not only the basis of the ocean's food chain, but also an important driver of the ocean's carbon sequestration and ocean's biochemical cycle. Research on plankton growth and the effect of herbicides on plankton can be used to evaluate the effect of herbicides on marine organism diversity. The whole device is put into seawater, and the whole device is driven to move in the seawater by using the displacement equipment 1. The driving component drives the rotating shaft 2 to rotate in the moving process of the device, the rotating shaft 2 drives each fishing net 4 to rotate along the circumferential direction of the fishing net, and plankton on the moving path of the fishing net can be collected and temporarily stored in the fishing net 4 when the fishing net 4 rotates. The connecting rod 3 is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft 2, so that the opening of the fishing net 4 faces the moving direction of the fishing net 4 when the fishing net 4 rotates, and plankton can be smoothly captured by the fishing net 4. When plankton in the fishing net 4 increases, the weight of the fishing net 4 increases, the opening of the fishing net 4 gradually rotates upwards, and when the whole device is fished up, the opening of the fishing net 4 faces upwards, so that the plankton in the fishing net 4 can be prevented from being lost.|[0036] The displacement device 1 is an engine ship or a remote control electric ship.|[0037] The drive assembly includes driving motor 5, and driving motor 5's output axle head is equipped with a gear 6, and the one end that pivot 2 is close to driving motor 5 is equipped with a gear 6 intermeshing's No. two gears 7, and driving motor 5 drives a gear 6 rotation, and a gear 6 drives No. two gears 7 rotation to make pivot 2 produce the rotation.|[0038] The gear ratio of the gear No. two 7 to the gear No. one 6 is larger than 10, the gear number and the diameter of the gear No. one 6 are smaller than those of the gear No. two 7, a certain labor-saving effect can be achieved, the rotation speed of the gear No. two 7 is not too high, and the resistance born by the rotation of the fishing net 4 can be reduced.|[0039] The displacement equipment 1 is provided with a box body 8, and the driving motor 5 is arranged in the box body 8;|[0040] Be equipped with in the pivot 2 rather than the concentric shaft hole of axis, shaft hole department is equipped with the sleeve 9 of being connected with box 8, be equipped with connecting rod 10 in the sleeve 9, be equipped with between connecting rod 10 and the driving motor 5 and drive connecting rod 10 pivoted hold-in range 11, the one end that driving motor 5 was kept away from to sleeve 9 is equipped with casing 12, connecting rod 10 is equipped with first bevel gear 13 in the one end in casing 12, be equipped with in casing 12 with first bevel gear 13 intermeshing's second bevel gear 14, be equipped with on the second bevel gear 14 and extend to the screw 15 outside casing 12, screw 15 provides power for the pivot 2 keep away from driving motor 5 one end when rotating so that pivot 2 keeps vertical in the aquatic, casing 12, sleeve 9 and box 8 are fixed connection, make the direction of operation of screw 15 remain the same direction with the direction of movement of displacement equipment 1 all the time. When the driving motor 5 works, the connecting rod 10 is driven to rotate through the synchronous belt 11, the connecting rod 10 drives the first bevel gear 13 to rotate, and the first bevel gear 13 drives the second bevel gear 14 to rotate. The two bevel gears 14 drive the propellers 15 to rotate, the propellers 15 generate thrust in water, and the reverse thrust of the water to the propellers 15 enables the propellers 15 to drive the shell 12 and the rotating shaft 2 to move, so that one end of the rotating shaft 2 away from the displacement equipment 1 can rotate towards the moving direction of the displacement equipment 1. The rotating shaft 2 keeps a vertical state under the action of the propeller 15, so that the displacement equipment 1 can normally move, and the tilting of the rotating shaft 2 caused by larger resistance is avoided. After the sampling work is completed, the box body 8 is taken down from the displacement equipment 1, and all the fishing nets 4 can be transported to a laboratory. |[0041] The box 8 is provided with an electric push rod 16, the rotating shaft 2 is sleeved with a circular ring 17 connected with the electric push rod 16, one side, far away from the box 8, of the circular ring 17 is provided with a plurality of racks 18, the connecting rod 3 is provided with gear rings 19 which correspond to the racks 18 and are meshed with each other, the racks 18 are used for driving the connecting rod 3 to rotate, the circular ring 17 is driven to be far away from the box 8 when the electric push rod 16 stretches, the circular ring 17 drives the racks 18 to move, and the racks 18 drive the connecting rod 3 to rotate. The fishing net 4 rotates when the connecting rod 3 rotates, and the opening direction of the fishing net 4 is locked when plankton is captured, so that the fishing efficiency of the fishing net 4 can be maximized. The opening direction of the fishing net 4 is controlled when the sampling is retracted or completed, so that the opening direction of the fishing net 4 faces upwards, and the number of plankton falling out of the fishing net 4 can be reduced.|[0042] The fishing net 4 is in a cylinder shape, magnetic strips with opposite magnetism are respectively arranged at two ends of the fishing net 4, when the opening of the fishing net 4 is upward, the head ends and the tail ends of two adjacent fishing nets 4 in the vertical direction are intersected, and the magnetic strips at the head ends and the tail ends of the fishing net 4 are attracted by opposite magnetism, so that the head ends and the tail ends of the fishing net 4 are attracted. The upper fishing net 4 can block the opening of the lower fishing net 4, so that the leakage-proof performance of the fishing net 4 is further improved.|[0043] The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. | Family Number|(108718024)|108718024|Abstract|(CN117629680B B)|The invention relates to an investigation sampling device for evaluating the influence of herbicides on the diversity of marine organisms . The sampling device comprises displacement equipment which is used for floating on seawater and changing the position of the displacement equipment ; the rotating shaft is arranged on the displacement equipment ; the sampling groups are axially arranged along the rotating shaft , each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft , and a fishing net is arranged at one end , far away from the rotating shaft , of each connecting rod ; according to the plankton collecting device , planktons at different depths can be independently collected , other water layers are not interfered in the collecting process , samples at fixed depths can be collected for a long time , and the sampling accuracy can be guaranteed ; the phytoplankton in the ocean is not only a basis of a marine food chain , but also an important driver of ocean carbon sequestration and ocean geochemical circulation , and the influence of the herbicide on the diversity of marine organisms can be evaluated by researching the growth condition of the plankton and the influence of the herbicide on the plankton . | | Measurement | G01N-001/08 | G01N-001/08 | G01N-001/08 | G01N-001/08 | CN114878249|CN216926227U|WO2022104708|CN112432815|CN110793811|CN117091899|CN219956934U|CN114056491 | CN114878249 101234988 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN216926227U 100823504 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO2022104708 100192694 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN112432815 92962588 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN110793811 87619364 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117091899 107339438 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN219956934U 107134469 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN114056491 98783372 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN110793811; CN112432815; WO2022104708; CN216926227U; CN114878249; CN114056491; CN117091899; CN219956934U | GRANTED | (CN117629680)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN117629680)|ALIVE | (CN117629680)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN117629680|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-11-30|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-11-30|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202311631369|Application date=2023-11-30|Standardized application number=2023CN-1631369|Event publication date=2024-03-01|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN117629680|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2024-03-01|Standardized publication number=CN117629680|Event publication date=2024-03-01|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2024-03-19|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-06-03|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN117629680|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2025-06-03|Standardized publication number=CN117629680B|Event publication date=2025-06-03|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN117629680)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoR7hDeJOBu02Bj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077683123&ekey=2053&xpn=CN117629680B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=EoDHLWV3xcA0AmTb0MHNIbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN117629680)|CN|(CN117629680)|CN | (CN117629680)|NAME=CHINESE RESEARCH ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN|(CN117629680)|NAME=CHINESE RESEARCH ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES , COUNTRY=CN | (CN117629680)|NAME=REN JIAHAO;HEFEI ZHONGGU INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=34146|(CN117629680)|NAME=REN JIAHAO;HEFEI ZHONGGU INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=34146 | (CN117629680)|NAME=LUO JIANWU|NAME=LIANG WEI|NAME=WANG WEI|NAME=LI QIANG|NAME=ZHOU YUE|NAME=LIU FANGZHENG|(CN117629680)|NAME=LUO JIANWU|NAME=LIANG WEI|NAME=WANG WEI|NAME=LI QIANG|NAME=ZHOU YUE|NAME=LIU FANGZHENG | Titre: (CN117629680)|Investigation sampling device for evaluating influence of herbicide on marine organism diversity Résumé: (CN117629680)|The invention relates to an investigation sampling device for evaluating the influence of herbicides on the diversity of marine organisms. The sampling device comprises displacement equipment which is used for floating on seawater and changing the position of the displacement equipment; the rotating shaft is arranged on the displacement equipment; the sampling groups are axially arranged along the rotating shaft, each sampling group comprises a plurality of connecting rods arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and a fishing net is arranged at one end, far away from the rotating shaft, of each connecting rod; according to the plankton collecting device, planktons at different depths can be independently collected, other water layers are not interfered in the collecting process, samples at fixed depths can be collected for a long time, and the sampling accuracy can be guaranteed; the phytoplankton in the ocean is not only a basis of a marine food chain, but also an important driver of ocean carbon sequestration and ocean geochemical circulation, and the influence of the herbicide on the diversity of marine organisms can be evaluated by researching the growth condition of the plankton and the influence of the herbicide on the plankton. | 65.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on evaluating the influence of herbicides on marine organism diversity, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth for CO₂ absorption. | 8.0 | 0.0 | (CN117629680)|1 | (CN117629680)|3 | (CN117629680)|4|(CN117629680)|7 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN117629680)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN117629680)|Number of Claims: NCL=4|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-06-03|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-2301|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11|Primary examiner: 部建培|Primary examiner: Bu Jianpei||(CN117629680)|Number of Claims: NCL=7|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2024-03-01|Gazette number: GAZNUM=40-0902|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11|Primary examiner: 部建培|Primary examiner: Bu Jianpei| | (CN117629680)|Previous publication: CN117629680 A 2024-03-01 [CN117629680] | (CN117629680)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN117629680B)|Patent|(CN117629680)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 74 | US60/426,820|US60/426,820P|US10/248,736|WOUS03/032745 | ECSP055845|PE2003001155|ARP030104131|WOUS03/032745|HK06101330|NO20052947|ZA200504887|IS7855|KR20057008934|IN0918/CHENP/2005|RU2005119175|EP03777622|NZ54029903|JP2004553447|CN200380103499|BR0316377|MXPA05005175|AU2003287098|CA2506560|US10/248,736 | RU2333639|IN219113|EP1562418|NZ540299|NO323940|IN0918/CHENP/2005|ZA200504887|HK1079958|JP2006506090|CN1728943|RU2005119175|BR0316377|ECSP055845|KR10-2005-0086721|NO20052947|EP1562418|MXPA05005175|NO20052947|AR041928|IS7855|WO2004/045274|PE20040542|AU2003287098|CA2506560|WO2004/045274|US20040093785|US6729063 | 5026623 | ECSP055845 A 2005-09-20 [EC200505845]|PE20040542 A1 2004-08-28 [PE200400542]|AR041928 A1 2005-06-01 [AR--41928]|WO2004/045274 A3 2005-05-06 [WO200445274]|WO2004/045274 A2 2004-06-03 [WO200445274]|HK1079958 A 2006-04-21 [HK1079958]|NO323940 B1 2007-07-23 [NO-323940]|NO20052947 L 2005-08-18 [NO20052947]|NO20052947 D0 2005-06-16 [NO200502947]|ZA200504887 B 2006-04-26 [ZA200504887]|IS7855 A 2005-05-23 [IS---7855]|KR10-2005-0086721 A 2005-08-30 [KR20050086721]|IN219113 B 2008-06-06 [IN-219113]|IN0918/CHENP/2005 A 2007-06-08 [IN2005CN00918]|RU2333639 C2 2008-09-20 [RU2333639]|RU2005119175 A 2006-01-20 [RU2005119175]|EP1562418 A4 2008-05-28 [EP1562418]|EP1562418 A2 2005-08-17 [EP1562418]|NZ540299 A 2008-04-30 [NZ-540299]|JP2006506090 A 2006-02-23 [JP2006506090]|CN1728943 A 2006-02-01 [CN1728943]|BR0316377 A 2005-10-04 [BR200316377]|MXPA05005175 A 2005-07-22 [MX2005PA005175]|AU2003287098 A1 2004-06-15 [AU2003287098]|CA2506560 A1 2004-06-03 [CA2506560]|US20040093785 A1 2004-05-20 [US20040093785]|US6729063 B1 2004-05-04 [US6729063] | 2002-11-18|2003-02-13|2003-11-07 | 2005-06-09|2003-11-14|2003-11-10|2003-11-07|2006-01-27|2005-06-16|2005-06-15|2005-05-23|2005-05-18|2005-05-13|2003-11-07|2003-11-07|2003-11-07|2003-11-07|2003-11-07|2003-11-07|2003-11-07|2003-11-07|2003-11-07|2003-02-13 | 2008-09-20|2008-06-06|2008-05-28|2008-04-30|2007-07-23|2007-06-08|2006-04-26|2006-04-21|2006-02-23|2006-02-01|2006-01-20|2005-10-04|2005-09-20|2005-08-30|2005-08-18|2005-08-17|2005-07-22|2005-06-16|2005-06-01|2005-05-23|2005-05-06|2004-08-28|2004-06-15|2004-06-03|2004-06-03|2004-05-20|2004-05-04 | |(US20040093785)|2004-05-04||||(RU2333639)|2008-09-20|(IN-219113)|2008-06-06|(NO-323940)|2007-07-23|(ZA200504887)|2006-04-26||||||||||| | (EP1562418)|2011-06-01|(US6729063)|2016-05-27|(WO2004/045274)|2006-05-18|(JP2006506090)|2010-05-02|(CN1728943)|2010-08-04|(RU2333639)|2010-11-08|(IN219113)|2023-11-07|(NO323940)|2011-06-27|(ZA200504887)|2023-11-07|(NZ540299)|2023-11-07|(HK1079958)|2011-04-21|(BR0316377)|2011-10-25|(ECSP055845)|2010-09-20|(KR10-2005-0086721)|2010-12-27|(MXPA05005175)|2023-11-07|(AR041928)|2012-03-22|(IS7855)|2010-05-23|(PE20040542)|2011-06-20|(AU2003287098)|2010-12-02|(CA2506560)|2011-11-07 | (EP1562418)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean | (EP1562418)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months. | MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|Markels Michael Jr ([US])|MARKELS JR MICHAELS ([US])|MICHAEL MARKELS JR ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR.|Markels Michael (I) ([US])|MARKELZ MAJKL ML.|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MICHAEL MARKELS|Markels, Michael Jr.|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL JR ([US])|MICHAEL MARKELS JR ([US])|MARKELS JR MICHAEL ([US])|MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR. ([US])|MARKELS MICHAEL | (EP1562418)|Markels, Michael, Jr. ([US])|(EP1562418)|Markels, Michael, Jr. ([US])|(US6729063)|MARKELS, JR. MICHAEL|(US20040093785)|MARKELS MICHAEL|(WO2004/045274)|MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR.|(WO2004/045274)|MARKELS, Michael, Jr. ([US])|(JP2006506090)|Markels, Michael Jr.|(CN1728943)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR. ([US])|(RU2333639)|MARKELZ Majkl Ml (US)|(RU2005119175)|MARKELZ MAJKL ML.|(IN219113)|Markels Michael (I) ([US])|(IN0918/CHENP/2005)|Markels Michael (I) ([US])|(NO323940)|MARKELS JR MICHAELS|(NO20052947)|MARKELS JR MICHAELS|(NO20052947)|MARKELS JR MICHAELS|(ZA200504887)|MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR.|(NZ540299)|MICHAEL MARKELS|(HK1079958)|Markels Michael Jr ([US])|(BR0316377)|MICHAEL JR. MARKELS|(ECSP055845)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR.|(KR10-2005-0086721)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR.|(MXPA05005175)|MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(AR041928)|MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(IS7855)|Michael Jr. Markels|(PE20040542)|MARKELS MICHAEL JR|(AU2003287098)|MARKELS JR MICHAEL ([US])|(CA2506560)|MARKELS MICHAEL, JR. ([US]) | MARKELS MICHAEL JR | (EP1562418)|Markels, Michael, Jr.|(EP1562418)|Markels, Michael, Jr. | (EP1562418)|Thomson, James B.;Frank B. Dehn & Co. ([GB])|Reg. Nb: 00098651|(US20040093785)|BACON & THOMAS, PLLC|(WO2004/045274)|MOORE, Thomas, J. ([US])|(JP2006506090)|SUZUE TAKEHIKO|Reg. Nb: 100058479|KONO SATORU|Reg. Nb: 100091351|NAKAMURA MAKOTO|Reg. Nb: 100088683|KURATA, Masatoshi et al.|Reg. Nb: 100108855|Takashi Mine|Reg. Nb: 100075672|Yukihiro Fukuhara|Reg. Nb: 100109830|SADAO MURAMATSU|Reg. Nb: 100084618|NOBUHISA NOGAWA|Reg. Nb: 100103034|Suzue Takehiko|Reg. Nb: 100100952|(CN1728943)|ZHANG YIDONG;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD.|Reg. Nb: 72001|WANG JINGCHAO;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD.|Reg. Nb: 72001|(HK1079958)|Spruson & Ferguson (Hong Kong) Limited ([HK])|(KR10-2005-0086721)|JENG, JIN-SANG|PARK, JONG HYUK|(CA2506560)|RIDOUT & MAYBEE LLP ([CA]) | (US6729063)|A method of creating an FAD in the ocean may be achieved by the following steps: (1) testing the water at the ocean surface to determine the nutrients that are missing or are in a limiting concentration; (2) applying a fertilizer that releases an appropriate amount of these missing or limiting nutrients in a form that remains available to the phytoplankton such that these nutrient do not leave the photic zone by precipitation to any appreciable extent; and (3) selecting an area of the ocean which has waters that do not rapidly mix either horizontally or vertically (the water should have a diffusion coefficient less that 6.7 square miles per day) and be in the general area of pelagic and migratory fish patterns.|About two-thirds of the cost of wild fish caught in the open ocean is the effort of finding the fish and about one-third is the effort of catching and processing them.| | (US6729063)|1. A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that each required macronutrient is present at a first predetermined level that allows for the production of phytoplankton; (2) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second predetermined level which limits the production of phytoplankton; (3) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that the rate of diffusion is at a third predetermined level which allows for the production of a patch of phytoplankton; (4) applying a first fertilizer comprising said first micronutrient to create the patch of phytoplankton in the area of the surface of the ocean; and (5) harvesting the fish underneath and in the area of the patch.|9. A method of increasing the seafood catch in the ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that each required macronutrient is present at a first predetermined level that allows for the production of phytoplankton; (2) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second predetermined level which limits the production of phytoplankton; (3) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that the rate of diffusion is at a third predetermined level which allows for the production of a patch of phytoplankton; (4) sampling said area of the surface of the ocean to determine the concentration of seafood; (5) applying a first fertilizer comprising said first micronutrient to create the patch of phytoplankton in the area of the surface of the ocean; and (6) harvesting the seafood underneath and in the area of the patch.|11. A method of creating a fish attractive device comprising the step of applying a first fertilizer to create a first patch of phytoplankton in an area of the surface of the ocean, wherein said first fertilizer comprises a first micronutrient, and wherein said patch has a size of more than about 0.5 square miles.| | (US6729063)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a chelated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.| | (US6729063)|SEA(100,14)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(100,7)|FISH CATCH(100,6)|SEAFOOD CATCH(100,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(66,14)|FERTILIZER(57,15)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(52,7)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER(46,2)|CATCHING EFFORT(31,1)|APPRECIABLE EXTENT(30,3)|SEAFOOD(28,2)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(27,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON(24,5)|MACRONUTRIENT(23,5)|MIGRATORY FISH PATTERN(23,1)|SQUARE MILE(21,13)|FISH(20,16)|PRECIPITATION(20,3)|FERTILIZE OCEAN SURFACE(20,1)|FISHING BOAT(20,1)|PLANNED LOCATION(18,2)|WILD FISH COST(18,1)|NUTRIENT(16,7)|SHORT TERM PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(16,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(15,5)|CREATION(15,4)|REDUCED FISHING EFFORT(14,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(13,5)|WILD FISH(13,1)|MINERAL(12,2)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(12,1)|SAMPLING(9,1)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER TON(8,1)|IRON CHELATE(8,1)|LIMITING NUTRIENT(7,3)|OPEN OCEAN(7,1)|IRON CHELATION(6,4)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|SEAWEED FLOATING PATCH(6,1)|TERRESTRIAL IRON FERTILIZER(6,1)|MISSING MICRONUTRIENT(5,1)|PATCH REMNANT(5,1)|BARREN OCEAN(4,1)|CHELATE BREAKDOWN(4,1)|DENSITY PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|FISHING STRATEGY(4,1)|HARVEST CATCH(4,1)|OCEAN ATTRACTION(4,1)|OCEAN CONTINUOUS FERTILIZATION(4,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(4,1)|SEA FISHING(4,1)|SEAWATER OXYGENATION(4,1)|SHORT TERM ADDITION(4,1)|SPIRAL PATCH(4,1)|FISH ATTRACTIVE DEVICE(3,10)|LITER(3,5)|FISH CONCENTRATION(3,1)|FLOATING CENTRAL BUOY(3,1)|LIMITING MICRONUTRIENT(3,1)|MINIMAL RESOURCE(3,1)|PATCH LIFE(3,1)|REASON FISHERMAN(3,1)|SEA SURFACE(2,18)|FISHING EFFORT(2,4)|AGGREGATE(2,2)|MIGRATORY FISH(2,2)|THERMOCLINE(2,2)|ANCHOVETTA(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL(2,1)|DEPLOYMENT(2,1)|DIETARY SUPPLEMENT(2,1)|ENHANCE RETURN(2,1)|FERTILIZATION PERIOD(2,1)|FISH CATCH FALL(2,1)|FISH PRODUCTION(2,1)|FULL TRAWL(2,1)|LABORATORY MEASUREMENT(2,1)|SQUARE PATCH(2,1)||(US20040093785)|SEA(100,14)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(100,7)|FISH CATCH(100,6)|SEAFOOD CATCH(100,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(66,14)|FERTILIZER(57,15)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(52,7)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER(46,2)|CATCHING EFFORT(31,1)|APPRECIABLE EXTENT(30,3)|SEAFOOD(28,2)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(27,3)|PHYTOPLANKTON(24,5)|MACRONUTRIENT(23,5)|MIGRATORY FISH PATTERN(23,1)|SQUARE MILE(21,13)|FISH(20,16)|PRECIPITATION(20,3)|FERTILIZE OCEAN SURFACE(20,1)|FISHING BOAT(20,1)|PLANNED LOCATION(18,2)|WILD FISH COST(18,1)|NUTRIENT(16,7)|PHOTIC ZONE(16,5)|SHORT TERM PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(16,1)|CREATION(15,4)|REDUCED FISHING EFFORT(14,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(13,5)|WILD FISH(13,1)|MINERAL(12,2)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(12,1)|SAMPLING(9,1)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER TON(8,1)|IRON CHELATE(8,1)|LIMITING NUTRIENT(7,3)|OPEN OCEAN(7,1)|IRON CHELATION(6,4)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|SEAWEED FLOATING PATCH(6,1)|TERRESTRIAL IRON FERTILIZER(6,1)|MISSING MICRONUTRIENT(5,1)|PATCH REMNANT(5,1)|BARREN OCEAN(4,1)|CHELATE BREAKDOWN(4,1)|DENSITY PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|FISHING STRATEGY(4,1)|HARVEST CATCH(4,1)|OCEAN ATTRACTION(4,1)|OCEAN CONTINUOUS FERTILIZATION(4,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(4,1)|SEA FISHING(4,1)|SEAWATER OXYGENATION(4,1)|SHORT TERM ADDITION(4,1)|SPIRAL PATCH(4,1)|FISH ATTRACTIVE DEVICE(3,10)|LITER(3,5)|FISH CONCENTRATION(3,1)|FLOATING CENTRAL BUOY(3,1)|LIMITING MICRONUTRIENT(3,1)|MINIMAL RESOURCE(3,1)|PATCH LIFE(3,1)|REASON FISHERMAN(3,1)|SEA SURFACE(2,18)|FISHING EFFORT(2,4)|AGGREGATE(2,2)|MIGRATORY FISH(2,2)|THERMOCLINE(2,2)|ANCHOVETTA(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL(2,1)|DEPLOYMENT(2,1)|DIETARY SUPPLEMENT(2,1)|ENHANCE RETURN(2,1)|FERTILIZATION PERIOD(2,1)|FISH CATCH FALL(2,1)|FISH PRODUCTION(2,1)|FULL TRAWL(2,1)|LABORATORY MEASUREMENT(2,1)|SQUARE PATCH(2,1)||(JP2006506090)|SEA(100,18)|PLANT PLANKTON PATCH(100,6)|ENHANCING FISH CAPTURE(100,1)|GUIDING FISH(100,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(72,14)|PLANT PLANKTON(70,19)|PLANT PLANKTON PRODUCTION(64,3)|HARVESTING FISH(55,2)|PHYTOPLANKONE PATCH(49,1)|MACRONUTRIENT(40,6)|SETPOINT(40,3)|PRODUCING PHYTOPLANKON(40,2)|FERTILIZER(38,13)|PERMEABILITY(35,5)|CHELATED IRON ION FERTILIZER(35,1)|MARINE TREND(33,1)|LIGNIN IC ACID SULFANATE(27,1)|PLANT PLANKTON DEVELOPMENT(27,1)|PATCH LIFE(26,1)|FAD(25,6)|FISH CAPTURE BOAT REGION(25,1)|FISH PROCESSOR(24,1)|CHELATE COMPOUND(21,3)|FISH GROUP(20,7)|DIFFUSION(19,3)|SQUARE MILE(18,9)|FISH GROUP MIXING(18,1)|SEA SURFACE(16,6)|PHYTOPLANKTON(14,1)|FISH(13,13)|RECALL(13,1)|PLANT PLANKTON GROWTH(12,5)|OCEAN SURFACE HYPERTROPHY(12,1)|SAMPLING ACTION(12,1)|FLOATING BODY(10,2)|FERTILIZER ADMINISTERED PATCH(9,2)|FISH INDUSTRY(8,3)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER(8,2)|LABOR(8,2)|ALUSHAN ISLAND SOUTH EARTH(8,1)|MINERAL(8,1)|FISH SPECIES(7,5)|FAD PATCH(7,3)|SEA AREA(5,21)|OCEAN REGION(5,4)|IRON CHELATION(5,3)|THERMO CLINE(5,2)|UNIT VOLUME(5,2)|OCEAN NUTRITION(5,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS REACTION(4,2)|CAPTURED FISH DECREASE(4,1)|COLLECTING FERTILIZER(4,1)|FDA FABRICATION(4,1)|FERTILIZER PRECIPITATION(4,1)|FISH CATCHING STRATEGY(4,1)|FISH DENSITY FREQUENT CHECKING(4,1)|FISHERY BUSINESS(4,1)|GABAGOS ISLAND(4,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(4,1)|LIGNIN IC ACID SULFONATE(4,1)|MAXIMIZE INVESTMENT(4,1)|PACIFIC NORTH(4,1)|PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT(4,1)|PLANKTON GROUPING(4,1)|PLANKTON POPULATION(4,1)|PUBLIC OCEAN(4,1)|RECURRENT FISH GROUP CAPTURE(4,1)|REMNANT FISH(4,1)|SARDINE FAMILY(4,1)|SOUTH EQUATORIAL(4,1)|SPIRAL PATCH(4,1)|CHLOROPHYL PRODUCTION(3,1)|FLOATING PATCH(3,1)|OCEAN WATER SEEPAGE PHENOMENON(3,1)|SUNLIGHT WORD REGION(3,1)|WARMING BED(3,1)|AIRCRAFT(2,1)|CAPTURING FISH GROUP(2,1)|FISH GROUP COLLECTION(2,1)|FISH PREPARATION EQUIPMENT(2,1)|HUMAN DIET FOOD(2,1)|INTERMEDIATE FEEDSTOCK(2,1)|IRON DISSOLUTION(2,1)|PATCH VOLUME SQUARE MILE(2,1)|PLANAR PATCH(2,1)|SET LEVEL(2,1)|SOUTH ICE(2,1)|SQUARE MILE PATCH(2,1)|TECHNICAL CONCEPT(2,1)|TETRAACETIC ACID(2,1)||(CN1728943)|SEA(100,11)|FISH CATCH(100,6)|CULTIVATE PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(100,4)|PLANKTON IC PLANT MASS(48,2)|MICRONUTRIENT(44,9)|MISSING NUTRIENT(42,2)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(41,6)|FERTILIZER(39,10)|FISHING VESSEL FISHING EFFORT(24,1)|RESTRICTED NUTRIENT(22,1)|MACRONUTRIENT(20,5)|APPRECIABLE EXTENT(20,2)|FISH(19,15)|FISH LURING(18,1)|MIGRATORY FISH PATTERN(18,1)|FERTILIZE OCEAN SURFACE(16,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON(15,4)|FISHING EFFORT(15,3)|TRACE MINERAL(14,1)|NUTRIENT(13,6)|SHORT TERM PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(12,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(11,5)|PHOTIC ZONE(11,3)|THERMOCLINE(11,2)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(10,1)|FISHING VESSEL(9,3)|SEA SURFACE AREA(8,12)|SAMPLE DETECTION(8,1)|TILE(8,1)|DIFFUSION RATE(7,5)|SURFACE REGION(6,3)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER TON(6,1)|SEA AREA(5,3)|DESIGNED POSITION(5,2)|SEAWEED FLOATING PATCH(5,1)|TERRESTRIAL IRON FERTILIZER(5,1)|IRON CHELATION(4,3)|FISH INSIDE NUMBER(4,1)|MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS(4,1)|MISSING MICRONUTRIENT(4,1)|PATCH REMNANT(4,1)|FISH ATTRACTING DEVICE(3,10)|SEA SURFACE(3,4)|ATTRACTING MARINE FISH(3,1)|BARREN OCEAN(3,1)|CAPTURED WILD FISH(3,1)|CHELATE DECOMPOSITION(3,1)|CHELATED IRON LIFE(3,1)|CONFINED MICRONUTRIENT(3,1)|DENSE PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|FERTILIZED PATCH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(3,1)|FISHERMAN FEEL SELF ESTEEM(3,1)|FISHING FISH(3,1)|FISHING STRATEGY(3,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATES(3,1)|MARINE FISHING(3,1)|NORTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN(3,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(3,1)|PLANKTON IC PRODUCTION(3,1)|SEAWATER DIFFUSION(3,1)|SEAWATER OXYGENATION(3,1)|SOUTHERN EQUATORIAL OCEAN CURRENT(3,1)|IRON LITER(2,5)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(2,2)|LONGLINE(2,2)|MIGRATORY FISH(2,2)|SEA CONDITION(2,2)|ATTRACTION(2,1)|CAPTURING WILD FISH COST(2,1)|FISH FOOD SPREAD(2,1)|FISH RISE(2,1)|FISH YIELD(2,1)|FISHING VOLUME FALL(2,1)|FLOATING CENTRAL BUOY(2,1)|LABORATORY MEASUREMENT(2,1)|MINIMAL RESOURCE(2,1)|PHOTIC LAYER(2,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON YIELD(2,1)|CLUMP(1,2)|AGGREGATE(1,1)||(IN219113)|FISH(100,18)|SEA(100,13)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(100,9)|FISH CATCH(100,7)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(56,9)|MICRONUTRIENT(55,10)|FERTILIZER(40,10)|MACRONUTRIENT(27,6)|SQUARE MILE(14,10)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(14,2)|APPRECIABLE EXTENT(12,1)|PRECIPITATION(8,1)|MINERAL(7,1)|SAMPLING(7,1)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER TON(6,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|SEAWEED FLOATING PATCH(5,1)|TERRESTRIAL IRON FERTILIZER(5,1)|IRON CHELATION(4,3)|MISSING MICRONUTRIENT(4,1)|PATCH REMNANT(4,1)|BARREN OCEAN(3,1)|CHELATE BREAKDOWN(3,1)|DENSITY PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|FISHING STRATEGY(3,1)|HARVEST CATCH(3,1)|OCEAN ATTRACTION(3,1)|OCEAN CONTINUOUS FERTILIZATION(3,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(3,1)|SEA FISHING(3,1)|SEAWATER OXYGENATION(3,1)|SPIRAL PATCH(3,1)|LITER(2,5)|FISHING EFFORT(2,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,4)|AGGREGATE(2,2)|DIFFUSION(2,2)|MIGRATORY FISH(2,2)|THERMOCLINE(2,2)|APHASIC ZONE(2,1)|FERTILIZATION PERIOD(2,1)|FISH CATCH FALL(2,1)|FISH CONCENTRATION(2,1)|FISH PRODUCTION(2,1)|FLOATING CENTRAL BUOY(2,1)|FULL TRAWL(2,1)|LABORATORY MEASUREMENT(2,1)|LIMITING MICRONUTRIENT(2,1)|MINIMAL RESOURCE(2,1)|PATCH LIFE(2,1)|REASON FISHERMAN(2,1)|SQUARE PATCH(2,1)|ANCHOVETTA(1,1)|CHLOROPHYL(1,1)|DEPLOYMENT(1,1)|DIETARY SUPPLEMENT(1,1)|ENHANCE RETURN(1,1)|FISH CATCH COST(1,1)|FISH TOTAL PRODUCTION(1,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(1,1)|GARDEN(1,1)|IRON DISSOLUTION(1,1)|LIFETIME(1,1)|LONGLINE(1,1)||(IN0918/CHENP/2005)|FISH(100,18)|SEA(100,13)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(100,9)|FISH CATCH(100,7)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(56,9)|MICRONUTRIENT(55,10)|FERTILIZER(40,10)|MACRONUTRIENT(27,6)|SQUARE MILE(14,10)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(14,2)|APPRECIABLE EXTENT(12,1)|PRECIPITATION(8,1)|MINERAL(7,1)|SAMPLING(7,1)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER TON(6,1)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(5,1)|SEAWEED FLOATING PATCH(5,1)|TERRESTRIAL IRON FERTILIZER(5,1)|IRON CHELATION(4,3)|MISSING MICRONUTRIENT(4,1)|PATCH REMNANT(4,1)|BARREN OCEAN(3,1)|CHELATE BREAKDOWN(3,1)|DENSITY PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|FISHING STRATEGY(3,1)|HARVEST CATCH(3,1)|OCEAN ATTRACTION(3,1)|OCEAN CONTINUOUS FERTILIZATION(3,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(3,1)|SEA FISHING(3,1)|SEAWATER OXYGENATION(3,1)|SPIRAL PATCH(3,1)|LITER(2,5)|FISHING EFFORT(2,4)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,4)|AGGREGATE(2,2)|DIFFUSION(2,2)|MIGRATORY FISH(2,2)|THERMOCLINE(2,2)|FERTILIZATION PERIOD(2,1)|FISH CATCH FALL(2,1)|FISH CONCENTRATION(2,1)|FISH PRODUCTION(2,1)|FLOATING CENTRAL BUOY(2,1)|FULL TRAWL(2,1)|LABORATORY MEASUREMENT(2,1)|LIMITING MICRONUTRIENT(2,1)|MINIMAL RESOURCE(2,1)|PATCH LIFE(2,1)|REASON FISHERMAN(2,1)|SQUARE PATCH(2,1)|ANCHOVETTA(1,1)|CHLOROPHYL(1,1)|DEPLOYMENT(1,1)|DIETARY SUPPLEMENT(1,1)|ENHANCE RETURN(1,1)|FISH CATCH COST(1,1)|FISH TOTAL PRODUCTION(1,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(1,1)|GARDEN(1,1)|IRON DISSOLUTION(1,1)|LIFETIME(1,1)|LONGLINE(1,1)||(KR10-2005-0086721)|VEGETABLE PLANKTON(100,22)|FISH(100,13)|SEA(100,12)|SEA LEVEL(100,10)|MICRONUTRIENT(100,9)|VEGETABLE PLANKTON PRODUCTION(100,7)|DIFFUSIVITY(100,5)|SEAWATER REGION(100,5)|MACRONUTRIENT(100,3)|VEGETABLE PLANKTON CREATION(100,3)|CATCH(100,2)|PERMANENT(100,2)|FISH DRAW(100,1)|VEGETABLE PLANKTON PATCH(90,4)|CAPTURED FISH(38,3)|VEGETABLE PLANKTON BLOOM(36,4)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(33,1)|MEAT PLANNED LOCATION(32,1)|NUTRIENT(27,7)|LUMINESCENCE ZONE(25,1)|LUMINESCENT ZONE(24,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(23,1)|PERMANENCE(21,1)|PUTTILIZER(21,1)|REDERER PATTERN(21,1)|PERMANGANATOR(20,2)|PLANNED LOCATION(20,1)|REDERER PATTERN REGION(20,1)|SHADOW PATTERN(19,1)|SQUARE MILE(17,11)|FAD PRODUCTION(17,1)|OCEAN SEA LEVEL(15,1)|FAD(14,5)|SEDIMENT(13,1)|LIMITED NUTRIENT(12,3)|SAMPLING(12,2)|FISHING EFFORT(11,2)|SEDIMENTATION(10,1)|SEAWATER(9,8)|MEAT(8,3)|RISER(8,1)|SOUTH EQUATORIAL SEA WEST(8,1)|DIFFUSION CONSTANT(7,1)|HORIZONTAL DIRECTION(7,1)|MINERAL(7,1)|FAD PATCH(6,3)|MARINE VEGETABLE PLANKTON(6,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATES(5,2)|PATCH SIZE(5,2)|CHELATED IRON PERMANGANER(5,1)|MICRONUTRIENT BLOOM(5,1)|MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(5,1)|NORTH PACIFIC SOUTH(5,1)|SOUTH MAXIMAL LAND(5,1)|VEGETABLE PLANKTON GROWTH(5,1)|IRON MOLAR(4,4)|AQUATIC BIRTH(4,1)|DENSITY VEGETABLE PLANKTON(4,1)|END IRON CHELATE(4,1)|FISH ATTRACTION(4,1)|FISHING EMBRYO(4,1)|FLOATING SEAWEED PIECE(4,1)|PATCH LIFETIME(4,1)|REGION LIGHT EMISSION(4,1)|SEAWATER OXYGENATION(4,1)|STEADY BIOCTYLATION(4,1)|FISHING CHANGE(3,4)|ALLSHAN FRENCH(3,1)|EFFORT COMMENT(3,1)|SEAWATER DIFFUSION(3,1)|LITER(2,4)|MILLET(2,2)|SEA CONDITION(2,2)|AVERAGE SEA FISHING(2,1)|CAPTURE DROP(2,1)|EFFORT BENEFIT(2,1)|ENHANCED PATCH(2,1)|EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT(2,1)|FISH YIELD(2,1)|FISHING ALTER(2,1)|FLOATING CENTRAL BUOY(2,1)|GATHERED FISHING VESSEL(2,1)|INSUFFICIENT SEVERE INJURY REGION(2,1)|IRON CHELATION(2,1)|MESHING MEAT COST(2,1)|MINIMAL RESOURCE(2,1)|PATCH REST(2,1)|RECTANGULAR PATCH(2,1)|SEA MEAT(2,1)|SEA SURFACE(2,1)|SEAWATER SQUARE MILE(2,1)|SEAWATER ZONE(2,1)|SUNFLOWER(2,1)|TERM LUMINESCENT ZONE(2,1)||(CA2506560)|SEA(100,12)|FISH CATCH(100,7)|PHYTOPLANKTON PATCH(100,7)|CHEATED IRON FERTILIZER(61,1)|MICRONUTRIENT(57,8)|PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION(53,7)|FERTILIZER(43,9)|MACRONUTRIENT(26,5)|FISH(24,17)|FERTILIZE OCEAN SURFACE(20,1)|FISHING BOAT(20,1)|SQUARE MILE(18,10)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(18,2)|PLANNED LOCATION(18,2)|SHORT TERM PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(16,1)|APPRECIABLE EXTENT(15,1)|REDUCED FISHING EFFORT(14,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(13,5)|PRECIPITATION(10,1)|MINERAL(9,1)|SAMPLING(9,1)|CHELATED IRON FERTILIZER TON(8,1)|SEAWEED FLOATING PATCH(7,1)|IRON CHELATION(6,3)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|TERRESTRIAL IRON FERTILIZER(6,1)|MISSING MICRONUTRIENT(5,1)|PATCH REMNANT(5,1)|BARREN OCEAN(4,1)|CHELATE BREAKDOWN(4,1)|DENSITY PHYTOPLANKTON(4,1)|FISHING STRATEGY(4,1)|HARVEST CATCH(4,1)|OCEAN ATTRACTION(4,1)|OCEAN CONTINUOUS FERTILIZATION(4,1)|PATCH FERTILIZATION(4,1)|SEA FISHING(4,1)|SEAWATER OXYGENATION(4,1)|SHORT TERM ADDITION(4,1)|SPIRAL PATCH(4,1)|FISH ATTRACTIVE DEVICE(3,9)|LITER(3,5)|MOLE IRON(3,2)|FISH CONCENTRATION(3,1)|FLOATING CENTRAL BUOY(3,1)|LIMITING MICRONUTRIENT(3,1)|MINIMAL RESOURCE(3,1)|PATCH LIFE(3,1)|REASON FISHERMAN(3,1)|SEA SURFACE(2,17)|FISHING EFFORT(2,4)|AGGREGATE(2,2)|DIFFUSION(2,2)|MIGRATORY FISH(2,2)|THERMOCLINE(2,2)|ANCHOVETTA(2,1)|CHLOROPHYL(2,1)|DEPLOYMENT(2,1)|DIETARY SUPPLEMENT(2,1)|ENHANCE RETURN(2,1)|FERTILIZATION PERIOD(2,1)|FISH CATCH COST(2,1)|FISH CATCH FALL(2,1)|FISH PRODUCTION(2,1)|FISH TOTAL PRODUCTION(2,1)|FULL TRAWL(2,1)|GALAPAGOS ISLAND(2,1)|LABORATORY MEASUREMENT(2,1)|SQUARE PATCH(2,1)| | (US6729063)|What is claimed is: |1. A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that each required macronutrient is present at a first predetermined level that allows for the production of phytoplankton; | (2) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second predetermined level which limits the production of phytoplankton; | (3) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that the rate of diffusion is at a third predetermined level which allows for the production of a patch of phytoplankton; | (4) applying a first fertilizer comprising said first micronutrient to create the patch of phytoplankton in the area of the surface of the ocean; and | (5) harvesting the fish underneath and in the area of the patch. |2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first fertilizer releases an appropriate amount of said first micronutrient in a form that remains available to the phytoplankton such that said first micronutrient does not leave a photic zone of said area of the surface of the ocean by precipitation to any appreciable extent.|3. The method of claim 1, wherein said patch has a size of between about 25 square miles and about 125 square miles.|4. The method of claim 1, wherein said third predetermined level less that 6.7 square miles per day.|5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first fertilizer comprises an iron chelate.|6. The method of claim 5, wherein said chelate comprises lignin acid sulfonate.|7. The method of claim 1, wherein said first fertilizer comprises trace minerals.|8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of sampling the amount of fish both inside the patch and outside the patch.|9. A method of increasing the seafood catch in the ocean comprising the following steps:| (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that each required macronutrient is present at a first predetermined level that allows for the production of phytoplankton; | (2) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second predetermined level which limits the production of phytoplankton; | (3) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that the rate of diffusion is at a third predetermined level which allows for the production of a patch of phytoplankton; | (4) sampling said area of the surface of the ocean to determine the concentration of seafood; | (5) applying a first fertilizer comprising said first micronutrient to create the patch of phytoplankton in the area of the surface of the ocean; and | (6) harvesting the seafood underneath and in the area of the patch. |10. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of sampling is repeated.|11. A method of creating a fish attractive device comprising the step of applying a first fertilizer to create a first patch of phytoplankton in an area of the surface of the ocean, wherein said first fertilizer comprises a first micronutrient, and wherein said patch has a size of more than about 0.5 square miles.|12. The method of claim 11, wherein said first first fertilizer releases an appropriate amount of said first micronutrient in a form that remains available to the phytoplankton such that said first micronutrient does not leave a photic zone of said area of the surface of the ocean by precipitation to any appreciable extent.|13. The method of claim 11, wherein said patch has a size of between about 25 square miles and about 125 square miles.|14. The method of claim 11, wherein the rate of diffusion of said first fertilizer from said patch is less that 6.7 square miles per day during the first ten days after said creation of said patch.|15. The method of claim 11, wherein said first fertilizer comprises iron.|16. The method of claim 15, wherein said first fertilizer comprises a chelate.|17. The method of claim 16, wherein said chelate comprises lignin acid sulfonate.|18. The method of claim 11, wherein said first fertilizer comprises trace minerals.|19. The method of claim 11, wherein diffusion of said first micronutrient from said patch into the surrounding ocean water does not decrease the concentration of said first micronutrient in a center of said patch to less than about 20% of the initial concentration, in about 10 days after the creation of said patch.|20. The method of claim 11, wherein diffusion of said first micronutrient from said patch into the surrounding ocean water does not decrease the concentration of said first micronutrient in a center of said patch to less than about 11% of the initial concentration, in about 40 days after the creation of said patch. | (US6729063)|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|[0002] This application claims the benefit of provisional application 60/426,820 filed Nov. 18, 2002.|(US6729063)|BACKGROUND OF INVENTION|[0003] The field of the invention is the attraction of ocean fish to a planned location to enhance the return from fishing effort.|[0004] About two-thirds of the cost of wild fish caught in the open ocean is the effort of finding the fish and about one-third is the effort of catching and processing them. For this reason fishermen pride themselves on knowing where the fish congregate in order to gain a full trawl, long-line or net. One approach that fishermen take is scattering fish food or chum to attract migratory or pelagic fish, but this is expensive and short term. Fishermen have noticed that fish will congregate under floating patches of seaweed and under docks and floats. This has led to the use of fish attractive devices, called FADs. These are floats, about 100 square feet to 200 square feet in size, that provide a shadow in the ocean water to attract the fish, which then congregate there. These FADs are small and require deployment and retrieval by the fishing vessels.|SUMMARY OF INVENTION|[0005] A large FAD (Fish Attractive Device) can be achieved at low cost by fertilizing the ocean surface to create a bloom of phytoplankton of sufficient density to form a patch. These biological FAD patches may exist for about 1 to 2 months after creation.|[0006] A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean may comprise the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that each macronutrient is present at a first predetermined level that allows for the production of phytoplankton; (2) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second predetermined level which limits the production of phytoplankton; (3) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that the rate of diffusion is at a third predetermined level which allows for the production of a patch of phytoplankton; (4) applying a fertilizer comprising the limiting micronutrient to create a patch of phytoplankton in the area of the surface of the ocean; and (5) harvesting the fish underneath and in the area of the patch.|[0007] A method of creating an FAD in the ocean may be achieved by the following steps: (1) testing the water at the ocean surface to determine the nutrients that are missing or are in a limiting concentration; (2) applying a fertilizer that releases an appropriate amount of these missing or limiting nutrients in a form that remains available to the phytoplankton such that these nutrient do not leave the photic zone by precipitation to any appreciable extent; and (3) selecting an area of the ocean which has waters that do not rapidly mix either horizontally or vertically (the water should have a diffusion coefficient less that 6.7 square miles per day) and be in the general area of pelagic and migratory fish patterns. In oceans, sufficient sunlight to support the process of photosynthesis is present in only the about 100 to about 200 meters of water beneath the surface of the ocean. The term photic zone may be used to describe this area, where all of the ocean's photosynthesis takes place. Below the photic zone, there is the aphotic zone where there is insufficient light to support photosynthesis.|[0008] A nutrient is present at a limiting concentration if the production of phytoplankton is reduced to a significant extent by the level of that nutrient in the ocean water. An appropriate amount of such a limiting nutrient is an amount needed to raise the concentration of that nutrient in the photic zone so that the bloom of phytoplankton is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of that nutrient. In most of the ocean the limiting nutrient is iron. Thus, a preferred fertilizer of the present invention comprises chelated iron. The preferred chelates include lignin acid sulfonate.|[0009] The diffusion rate varies in the ocean water. The method is preferably carried out in an area of the ocean that does not mix so rapidly that the patch is dispersed before the fish are attracted.|[0010] An appropriate amount of a missing micronutrient is an amount that permits the phytoplankton to bloom to a substantially greater extent as permitted by the macronutrients in the ocean water, which are usually nitrate, phosphate and silicate.|[0011] The number of fish that aggregate per unit of patch area may be used to determine optimum patch size. If the patch exceeds the optimum, then the return per unit of patch area will decrease, and if too small then the mixing and diffusion will obliterate the patch before the fish can aggregate to a significant extent.|[0012] The environmental effects of the fertilized patches are expected to be benign. Chelated iron is used as a dietary supplement for people and as a terrestrial iron fertilizer for gardens. Phytoplankton secrete chelating agents into the ocean water in an effort to keep iron available for making the chlorophyll required for plant growth. The chelated iron has a lifetime in the ocean water of about 40 days so the patch does not have to be revisited. Instead, a new patch may be created in a new location.|(US6729063)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0013] Fertilizing the ocean surface to produce a local bloom of phytoplankton may produce an effective FAD patch that increases the concentration of fish in and under the patch by perhaps 20 times. Since the fishermen would know where the patch is because they put it there, they would expend minimal resources finding the fish. This may reduce the cost of the fish catch by two-thirds, about $0.40/lb. from a total of $0.60/lb. average for ocean fishing.|[0014] The optimum size and location of the patch depends on ocean conditions but is expected to be between 25 square miles and 125 square miles. The diffusion in the ocean water may decrease the concentration of iron in the center of a 30 square mile patch to about 20% of the initial concentration in about 10 days, and to about 11% in about 40 days. Laboratory measurements in oxygenated sea water show a decrease in dissolved iron from about 7.5 nm iron (7.5 x 10−9 moles iron per liter) to about 3 nm iron (3 x 10−9 moles iron per liter) in about 40 days due to a breakdown of the chelate, in this case lignin acid sulfonate. Other chelating agents can also be used, such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).|[0015] One area in the ocean for a FAD patch is in the south Equatorial Current west of the Galapagos Islands. Other locations that have been tested positively for phytoplankton blooms are: the Southern Ocean off of Antarctica, the northwestern Pacific Ocean south of the Aleutian Islands and the Gulf of Mexico. The area selected must be tested for ocean chemistry to determine whether the concentrations of macronutrients are sufficient to sustain a bloom with the addition of micronutrient, such as iron. The ocean currents in the area must be measured to determine the rate of diffusion, so those suitable concentrations of nutrients are maintained over the life of the patch, which is preferably about 40 days. The concentration of pelagic and migratory fish in the general vicinity of the area should be estimated to assure adequate return for the FAD patch. A spiral or square patch may be laid down in the water around a floating central buoy. The waters inside the patch and outside should be sampled and the fish concentration determined. This should be done daily over the period of the fertilization and harvest, which is preferably about 40 days. Fish concentrations both in the surface waters and beneath the thermocline are needed to plan for maximum return for fishing effort expended. The fish concentration is expected to rise slowly over about the first 10 to 15 days then peak and fall rapidly when the phytoplankton bloom fades.|[0016] Fishing vessels assembled to take advantage of the fish attracted to the patch can start to harvest the catch as the fish concentration rises. The gear, fishing strategy and fishing effort will vary depending on the ocean conditions and the types of fish attracted. When the fish catch falls, the remnants of the patch may be abandoned and a new patch started in another location. Since migratory fish, such as tuna, are likely to be the most profitable, it may prove useful to seed the patch with anchovetta or other filter-feeder fish as an additional attraction.|[0017] The addition of chelated iron to the barren ocean should increase the iron concentration from about 0.1 nm iron (0.1 x 10−9 moles iron per liter) to a range of from about 4 nm iron (4 x 10−9 moles iron per liter) to about 6 nm iron (6 x 10−9 moles iron per liter). This takes about one ton of chelated iron fertilizer per 10 square miles of ocean water or about 3 tons of fertilizer for a 30 square mile patch where the thermocline is 90 feet deep.|[0018] The present method of increasing the fish catch per unit of fishing effort does not increase the total production of fish in the ocean. In order to increase the fish production in the ocean continuous fertilization is required as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,173, 5,535,701, 5,967,087, and 6,408,792, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|[0019] Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | (US6729063)|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION|[0002] This application claims the benefit of provisional application 60/426,820 filed Nov. 18, 2002.|(US6729063)|BACKGROUND OF INVENTION|[0003] The field of the invention is the attraction of ocean fish to a planned location to enhance the return from fishing effort.|[0004] About two-thirds of the cost of wild fish caught in the open ocean is the effort of finding the fish and about one-third is the effort of catching and processing them. For this reason fishermen pride themselves on knowing where the fish congregate in order to gain a full trawl, long-line or net. One approach that fishermen take is scattering fish food or chum to attract migratory or pelagic fish, but this is expensive and short term. Fishermen have noticed that fish will congregate under floating patches of seaweed and under docks and floats. This has led to the use of fish attractive devices, called FADs. These are floats, about 100 square feet to 200 square feet in size, that provide a shadow in the ocean water to attract the fish, which then congregate there. These FADs are small and require deployment and retrieval by the fishing vessels.|SUMMARY OF INVENTION|[0005] A large FAD (Fish Attractive Device) can be achieved at low cost by fertilizing the ocean surface to create a bloom of phytoplankton of sufficient density to form a patch. These biological FAD patches may exist for about 1 to 2 months after creation.|[0006] A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean may comprise the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that each macronutrient is present at a first predetermined level that allows for the production of phytoplankton; (2) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second predetermined level which limits the production of phytoplankton; (3) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that the rate of diffusion is at a third predetermined level which allows for the production of a patch of phytoplankton; (4) applying a fertilizer comprising the limiting micronutrient to create a patch of phytoplankton in the area of the surface of the ocean; and (5) harvesting the fish underneath and in the area of the patch.|[0007] A method of creating an FAD in the ocean may be achieved by the following steps: (1) testing the water at the ocean surface to determine the nutrients that are missing or are in a limiting concentration; (2) applying a fertilizer that releases an appropriate amount of these missing or limiting nutrients in a form that remains available to the phytoplankton such that these nutrient do not leave the photic zone by precipitation to any appreciable extent; and (3) selecting an area of the ocean which has waters that do not rapidly mix either horizontally or vertically (the water should have a diffusion coefficient less that 6.7 square miles per day) and be in the general area of pelagic and migratory fish patterns. In oceans, sufficient sunlight to support the process of photosynthesis is present in only the about 100 to about 200 meters of water beneath the surface of the ocean. The term photic zone may be used to describe this area, where all of the ocean's photosynthesis takes place. Below the photic zone, there is the aphotic zone where there is insufficient light to support photosynthesis.|[0008] A nutrient is present at a limiting concentration if the production of phytoplankton is reduced to a significant extent by the level of that nutrient in the ocean water. An appropriate amount of such a limiting nutrient is an amount needed to raise the concentration of that nutrient in the photic zone so that the bloom of phytoplankton is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of that nutrient. In most of the ocean the limiting nutrient is iron. Thus, a preferred fertilizer of the present invention comprises chelated iron. The preferred chelates include lignin acid sulfonate.|[0009] The diffusion rate varies in the ocean water. The method is preferably carried out in an area of the ocean that does not mix so rapidly that the patch is dispersed before the fish are attracted.|[0010] An appropriate amount of a missing micronutrient is an amount that permits the phytoplankton to bloom to a substantially greater extent as permitted by the macronutrients in the ocean water, which are usually nitrate, phosphate and silicate.|[0011] The number of fish that aggregate per unit of patch area may be used to determine optimum patch size. If the patch exceeds the optimum, then the return per unit of patch area will decrease, and if too small then the mixing and diffusion will obliterate the patch before the fish can aggregate to a significant extent.|[0012] The environmental effects of the fertilized patches are expected to be benign. Chelated iron is used as a dietary supplement for people and as a terrestrial iron fertilizer for gardens. Phytoplankton secrete chelating agents into the ocean water in an effort to keep iron available for making the chlorophyll required for plant growth. The chelated iron has a lifetime in the ocean water of about 40 days so the patch does not have to be revisited. Instead, a new patch may be created in a new location.|(US6729063)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0013] Fertilizing the ocean surface to produce a local bloom of phytoplankton may produce an effective FAD patch that increases the concentration of fish in and under the patch by perhaps 20 times. Since the fishermen would know where the patch is because they put it there, they would expend minimal resources finding the fish. This may reduce the cost of the fish catch by two-thirds, about $0.40/lb. from a total of $0.60/lb. average for ocean fishing.|[0014] The optimum size and location of the patch depends on ocean conditions but is expected to be between 25 square miles and 125 square miles. The diffusion in the ocean water may decrease the concentration of iron in the center of a 30 square mile patch to about 20% of the initial concentration in about 10 days, and to about 11% in about 40 days. Laboratory measurements in oxygenated sea water show a decrease in dissolved iron from about 7.5 nm iron (7.5 x 10−9 moles iron per liter) to about 3 nm iron (3 x 10−9 moles iron per liter) in about 40 days due to a breakdown of the chelate, in this case lignin acid sulfonate. Other chelating agents can also be used, such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).|[0015] One area in the ocean for a FAD patch is in the south Equatorial Current west of the Galapagos Islands. Other locations that have been tested positively for phytoplankton blooms are: the Southern Ocean off of Antarctica, the northwestern Pacific Ocean south of the Aleutian Islands and the Gulf of Mexico. The area selected must be tested for ocean chemistry to determine whether the concentrations of macronutrients are sufficient to sustain a bloom with the addition of micronutrient, such as iron. The ocean currents in the area must be measured to determine the rate of diffusion, so those suitable concentrations of nutrients are maintained over the life of the patch, which is preferably about 40 days. The concentration of pelagic and migratory fish in the general vicinity of the area should be estimated to assure adequate return for the FAD patch. A spiral or square patch may be laid down in the water around a floating central buoy. The waters inside the patch and outside should be sampled and the fish concentration determined. This should be done daily over the period of the fertilization and harvest, which is preferably about 40 days. Fish concentrations both in the surface waters and beneath the thermocline are needed to plan for maximum return for fishing effort expended. The fish concentration is expected to rise slowly over about the first 10 to 15 days then peak and fall rapidly when the phytoplankton bloom fades.|[0016] Fishing vessels assembled to take advantage of the fish attracted to the patch can start to harvest the catch as the fish concentration rises. The gear, fishing strategy and fishing effort will vary depending on the ocean conditions and the types of fish attracted. When the fish catch falls, the remnants of the patch may be abandoned and a new patch started in another location. Since migratory fish, such as tuna, are likely to be the most profitable, it may prove useful to seed the patch with anchovetta or other filter-feeder fish as an additional attraction.|[0017] The addition of chelated iron to the barren ocean should increase the iron concentration from about 0.1 nm iron (0.1 x 10−9 moles iron per liter) to a range of from about 4 nm iron (4 x 10−9 moles iron per liter) to about 6 nm iron (6 x 10−9 moles iron per liter). This takes about one ton of chelated iron fertilizer per 10 square miles of ocean water or about 3 tons of fertilizer for a 30 square mile patch where the thermocline is 90 feet deep.|[0018] The present method of increasing the fish catch per unit of fishing effort does not increase the total production of fish in the ocean. In order to increase the fish production in the ocean continuous fertilization is required as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,173, 5,535,701, 5,967,087, and 6,408,792, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|[0019] Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | Family Number|(5026623)|5026623|Abstract|(AR--41928 A1)|One method to increase the capture of fish in the ocean is to fertilize the surface of the ocean, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms an attractive fish device (FAD). FADS attract fish to a planned location to be trapped by fisherboats with reduced fishery effort. Bloom can be created by the short-term addition of a chelated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and can last from about 1 to about 2 months.|(AU2003287098 A1)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.(From WO2004045274 A3)|(BR200316377 A)|"MéTODO TO INCREASE FISH CAPTURE in THE OCEAN". The present invention relates to a method of increasing the capture of fish in the ocean which is to fertilize the surface of the ocean, create short-term phytoplankton fluorescence, which forms a fish-attracting device (ADF). The ADF attracts fish to a planned location for the fishboats to catch with reduced effort. Flowering can be created by the short-term addition of a chelated iron fertilizer to the surface of the ocean, and can last from approximately 1 to approximately 2 months.|(CA2506560 A1)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface , and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.|L'invention concerne un procédé pour accroître la prise de poisson dans l'océan, par utilisation d'engrais à la surface de l'océan. Ledit procédé consiste à créer une brève prolifération de phytoplancton pour former un dispositif attirant les poissons vers un emplacement planifié pour des bateaux de pêche, permettant ainsi la prise de poisson avec un effort de pêche réduit. La prolifération peut être créée par addition d'un engrais à base de fer chélaté à la surface de l'océan, pour une courte durée, comprise par exemple entre environ 1 et 2 mois.|(CN1728943 A)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface , creating a short - term phytoplankton bloom , which forms a fish attractive device ( FAD ) . The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort . The bloom may be created by the short - term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface , and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months . |(EC200505845 A)|One method of increasing the capture of fish in the ocean is to fertilize the surface of the ocean, creating a short-term proliferation of phytoplankton, which forms an attractive fish device (FAD). FAD attracts fish to a target location for fishboats, reducing fishery effort. Proliferation can be created by the short-term addition of a fertilizer of an iron chelate to the ocean surface, and can last for 1-2 months.|(EP1562418 A4)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.|(IS---7855 A)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.(From WO2004045274 A3)|(JP2006506090 A)|A method of increasing the amount of fish capture in the ocean is to make the ocean surface hypertrophy, causing short-term plant plankton development (bloom), which forms a fish inducing device (FAD). This FAD guides fish to a planned fish capture boat region and reduces the effort to capture fish. This bloom is formed by adding chelated iron ion fertilizer to ocean surfaces for a short period of time and lasts from about one month to about two months.|(KR20050086721 A)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.(C) KIPO WIPO 2007|(MX2005PA005175 A)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.|(NZ-540299 A)|Disclosed is a method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean comprising the following steps: (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that each macronutrient is present at a first predetermined level that allows for the production of phytoplankton; (2) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second predetermined level which limits the production of phytoplankton; (3) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that the rate of diffusion is at a third predetermined level which allows for the production of a patch of phytoplankton; (4) applying a first fertilizer comprising said first micronutrient to create the patch of phytoplankton in the area of the surface of the ocean; and (5) harvesting the fish underneath and in the area of the patch. Also disclosed is a method of creating a fish attractive device comprising the step of applying a first fertilizer to create a first patch of phytoplankton in an area of the surface of the ocean, wherein said first fertilizer comprises a first micronutrient, and wherein said first patch has a size of more than about 0.5 square miles.|(PE200400542 A1)|COMPRISING: 1)EXAMINING A SURFACE AREA TO CONFIRM THAT EACH MACRONUTRIENT IS PRESENT AT A PREDETERMINED FIRST LEVEL THAT PERMITS THE PRODUCTION OF PHYTOPLACTON; 2)EXAMINING THE SURFACE AREA IN THE OCEAN TO CONFIRM THAT A FIRST MICRONUTRIENT IS PRESENT AT A PREDETERMINED SECOND LEVEL THAT LIMITS PHYTOPLACTON PRODUCTION; 3)EXAMINING THE OCEAN SURFACE AREA TO CONFIRM THAT THE DIFFUSION RATE IS AT A THIRD PREDETERMINED LEVEL ALLOWING PRODUCTION OF A PHYTOPLACTON PATCH; 4)APPLYING A FERTILIZER COMPRISING THE FIRST MICRONUTRIENT TO FABRICATE A PHYTOPLACTON PATCH ON A SURFACE AREA OF THE OCEAN; AND, 5)HARVESTING THE FISH UNDER THE PATCH AREA. WHEREIN THE PATCH HAS A SIZE OF BETWEEN 25 AND 125 SQUARE MILES AND IN TURN THE FERTILIZER COMPRISES A CHELATE THAT IS LIGNOSUFONIC ACID|(RU2333639 C2)|FIELD: agriculture, fish rearing. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to fishing industry. The method provides selection of area of an ocean surface having deficiency of nutrient element, restricting development of a phytoplankton. Examine the area in order to confirm, that speed of diffusion does not restrict development of phytoplankton. Apply fertiliser, ensuring short-term development of a phytoplankton and attracting of fish to this area, where it is fished out with smaller expenditures. ^ EFFECT: increase of fishery efficiency by attracting the fich in certain area of ocean surface. ^ 20 cl|(US6729063 B1)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a chelated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.|(WO200445274 A3)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.|L'invention concerne un procédé pour accroître la prise de poisson dans l'océan, par utilisation d'engrais à la surface de l'océan. Ledit procédé consiste à créer une brève prolifération de phytoplancton pour former un dispositif attirant les poissons vers un emplacement planifié pour des bateaux de pêche, permettant ainsi la prise de poisson avec un effort de pêche réduit. La prolifération peut être créée par addition d'un engrais à base de fer chélaté à la surface de l'océan, pour une courte durée, comprise par exemple entre environ 1 et 2 mois.|(ZA200504887 B)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months.(From WO2004045274 A3)|(IN-219113 B)|The invention relates to a method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean comprising the steps of: (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that each required macronutrient is present at a first predetermined level that allows for the production of phytoplankton; (2) testing the area of the surface of the ocean to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second predetermined level which limits the production of phytoplankton; (3) testing the area of the surface of 'the ocean to confirm that the rate of diffusion is at a third predetermined level which allows for the production of a patch of phytoplankton; (4) applying a first fertilizer comprising said fIrst micronutrient to create the patch of phytoplankton in the area of the surface of the ocean; and (5) harvesting the fish underneath and in the area of the patch.|Title|(AR--41928 A1)|Method for increasing ocean fish capture|(AU2003287098 A1)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|(BR200316377 A)|Method of Increasing Ocean Fish Capture|(CA2506560 A1)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|Procede pour accroitre la prise de poisson dans l'ocean|(CN1728943 A)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean |(EC200505845 A)|Method for increasing ocean fish capture|(EP1562418 A4)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|Procede pour accroitre la prise de poisson dans l'ocean|(EP1562418 A2)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|Procede pour accroitre la prise de poisson dans l'ocean|(JP2006506090 A)|Method for Enhancing Fish Capture in Ocean|(KR20050086721 A)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|(MX2005PA005175 A)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean.|(NZ-540299 A)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|(PE200400542 A1)|Method for increasing ocean fish capture|(RU2333639 C2)|Method of fish crop increase in ocean (versions) and method of creation of fish attracting instrument|(RU2005119175 A)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|(US20040093785 A1)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|(US6729063 B1)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|(WO200445274 A3)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|Procede pour accroitre la prise de poisson dans l'ocean|(WO200445274 A2)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|Procede pour accroitre la prise de poisson dans l'ocean|(ZA200504887 B)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean|(IN-219113 B)|Method of increasing fish catch in the ocean and harvesting the fish|(IN2005CN00918 A)|Method of increasing fish catch in the ocean and harversting the fish|(HK1079958 A)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean| | Other special machines | A01K-061/00|A01K-079/00|A01K-079/02|Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/00|A01K-079/00|A01K-079/02|Y02A-040/81 | A01K|A01K-001/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-069/00|A01K-079/00|A01K-079/02 | A01K|A01K-000/00|A01K-001/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/60|A01K-069/00|A01K-071/00|A01K-073/00|A01K-074/00|A01K-079/00|A01K-079/02 | PCLO=043004500 | PCLO=043004500|PCLO=043004500 PCLX=119231000 | JP2018500931|WO2008131485|CN113068663|EP3229585;EP3229585|US20170360065|WO201690480|US11118363|US10415261|CN106132196B|US8722390|US20090227161|US8033879|US20090118859|US20090119025|US20090119122|US9034594|EP1753554;EP1753554;EP1753554 | JP2018500931 73295300 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|WO2008131485 1837785 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|CN113068663 95061389 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|EP3229585 73295300 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20170360065 73295300 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|WO201690480 73295300 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US11118363 96017229 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US10415261 79526813 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|CN106132196B 70371151 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8722390 45969321 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20090227161 43797922 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8033879 43797922 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20090118859 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090119025 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090119122 44215100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US9034594 44191677 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|EP1753554 66207122 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | US6408792|US6408792|US20010002983|US6440367|US6440367|US6200530|US6200530|US6056919|US6056919|US5967087|US5967087|US6269582|US6269582|WO9529583|US6408792|US20010002983|US6440367|US6408793|US6200530|US6056919|US5967087|US6269582|US5535701|US5433173|US5040486|US4137869|US3488876 | US6408792 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US6408792 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20010002983 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US6440367 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US6440367 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US6200530 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US6200530 35674732 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US6056919 43123675 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US6056919 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US5535701; US5967087; US6408792; US6056919; US6200530; US6269582; US6408793; US6440367; US20010002983 | (EP1562418)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-See also references of WO 2004045274A2||(US6729063)|Applicant references|-John R. Hunter and Charles T. Mitchell, Association of Fishes with Flotsam in the Offshore Waters of Central America; Fishery Bulletin (1966): vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 13-29.|-John R. Hunter, Fishes Beneath Flotsam; pp. 280-287.|-John R. Hunter and Charles T. Mitchell, Field Experiments on the Attraction of Pelagic Fish to Floating Objects; (1968) J. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 31, No. 3, 427-34, Copenhague, Janvier 1968.|-Charles T. Mitchell, Fishes Associated with Drifting Kelp, Macrocystis Pyrifera, of the Coast of Southern California and Northern Baja California; (1970) reprint from Calif. Fish and Game 56(4): 288-297.||(WO2004/045274)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-See also references of EP 1562418A2|||||||||||||||||| | REVOKED | (EP1562418)|LAPSED|(US6729063)|LAPSED|(WO2004/045274)|LAPSED|(JP2006506090)|REVOKED|(CN1728943)|LAPSED|(RU2333639)|LAPSED|(IN219113)|EXPIRED|(NO323940)|LAPSED|(ZA200504887)|EXPIRED|(NZ540299)|EXPIRED|(HK1079958)|LAPSED|(BR0316377)|LAPSED|(ECSP055845)|LAPSED|(KR10-2005-0086721)|REVOKED|(MXPA05005175)|EXPIRED|(AR041928)|LAPSED|(IS7855)|LAPSED|(PE20040542)|LAPSED|(AU2003287098)|LAPSED|(CA2506560)|LAPSED | DEAD | (EP1562418)|DEAD|(US6729063)|DEAD|(WO2004/045274)|DEAD|(JP2006506090)|DEAD|(CN1728943)|DEAD|(RU2333639)|DEAD|(IN219113)|DEAD|(NO323940)|DEAD|(ZA200504887)|DEAD|(NZ540299)|DEAD|(HK1079958)|DEAD|(BR0316377)|DEAD|(ECSP055845)|DEAD|(KR10-2005-0086721)|DEAD|(MXPA05005175)|DEAD|(AR041928)|DEAD|(IS7855)|DEAD|(PE20040542)|DEAD|(AU2003287098)|DEAD|(CA2506560)|DEAD | (EP1562418)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP1562418|Actual or expected expiration 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Art. 86 da lpi [codigo 8.6 rpi]|REFERENTE A 8A ANUIDADE(S).|Event publication date=2012-05-15|Event code=BR/B08K|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Lapse as no evidence of payment of the annual fee has been furnished to inpi (acc. art. 87)|Manutencao do arquivamento [codigo 8.11 rpi]|REFERENTE AO DESPACHO 8.6 PUBLICADO NA RPI 2129 DE 25/10/2011.|(ECSP055845)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR ECSP055845|Actual or expected expiration date=2010-09-20|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2005-06-09|Event code=EC/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=EC ECSP055845|Application date=2005-06-09|Standardized application number=2005EC-0005845|Event publication date=2005-09-20|Event code=EC/A|Event group=Examination events|Patent application|Publication country=EC|Publication number=ECSP055845|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2005-09-20|Standardized publication number=EC200505845|Event publication 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public inspection|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU2003287098|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2004-06-15|Standardized publication number=AU2003287098|Event publication date=2010-12-02|Event code=AU/MK5|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Application lapsed section 142(2)(e) - patent request and compl. specification not accepted|(CA2506560)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CA2506560|Actual or expected expiration date=2011-11-07|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2003-11-07|Event code=CA/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CA CA2506560|Application date=2003-11-07|Standardized application number=2003CA-2506560|Event publication date=2004-06-03|Event code=CA/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application laid open|Publication country=CA|Publication number=CA2506560|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2004-06-03|Standardized publication number=CA2506560|Event publication date=2008-11-05|Event code=CA/EEER|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Examination request|Event publication date=2011-11-07|Event code=CA/FZDE|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Dead | (EP1562418)|Contracting States: DE, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LU, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, GB, IE, EE, CH, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, LI, RO, NL, TR|(WO2004/045274)|ARIPO: GH, GM, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2004/045274)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2004/045274)|EPO: DE, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LU, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, GB, IE, EE, CH, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, RO, NL, TR|(WO2004/045274)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2004/045274)|National States: TT, DE, PT, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, HR, LV, UA, HU, UG, MA, DZ, MD, MG, ID, YU, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, IL, AE, IN, UZ, AG, ZA, IS, MW, AL, MX, AM, MZ, VC, ES, AT, ZM, AU, VN, AZ, NI, RO, ZW, BA, BB, NO, FI, RU, BG, JP, NZ, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, GB, KG, GD, CA, GE, OM, GH, CH, KP, GM, SY, KR, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, TJ, CZ, LC, PG, PH, TM, TN, PL, TR, LK | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=3gkOS9IVBGkeLoBO7ZHu3nmXtI+wKb3KNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://register.epo.org/application?number=EP03777622 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=FAuB%252F9Hv%252BBUbWDK85JFymXfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO2004/045274)|US | (WO2004/045274)|NAME=MARKELS, Michael, Jr. [US/ US] 17015 S.E. 38th Circle, Vancouver, WA 98683 , COUNTRY=US | (EP1562418)|GB|(EP1562418)|GB|||(WO2004/045274)|US|||(HK1079958)|HK||(CA2506560)|CA | (EP1562418)|NAME=Thomson, James B.;Frank B. Dehn & Co. St Bride's House 10 Salisbury Square , CITY=London EC4Y 8JD , COUNTRY=GB , REG=00098651|(EP1562418)|NAME=Thomson, James B. Frank B. Dehn & Co.179 Queen Victoria Street , CITY=London EC4V 4EL , COUNTRY=GB , REG=00098651|(US6729063)|NAME=Bacon & Thomas, PLLC|(US20040093785)|NAME=BACON & THOMAS, PLLC 625 SLATERS LANE, FOURTH FLOOR , CITY=ALEXANDRIA , STATE=VA , POSTCODE=22314|(WO2004/045274)|NAME=MOORE, Thomas, J. Bacon & Thomas, PLLC, 625 Slaters Lane, 4th Floor, Alexandria, VA 22314 , COUNTRY=US|(JP2006506090)|NAME=SUZUE TAKEHIKO , REG=100058479NAME=KONO SATORU , REG=100091351NAME=NAKAMURA MAKOTO , REG=100088683NAME=KURATA, Masatoshi et al. , REG=100108855NAME=Takashi Mine , REG=100075672NAME=Yukihiro Fukuhara , REG=100109830NAME=SADAO MURAMATSU , REG=100084618NAME=NOBUHISA NOGAWA , REG=100103034NAME=Suzue Takehiko , REG=100100952|(CN1728943)|NAME=ZHANG YIDONG;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001NAME=WANG JINGCHAO;CHINA PATENT AGENT (H.K.) LTD. , REG=72001|(HK1079958)|NAME=Spruson & Ferguson (Hong Kong) Limited , COUNTRY=HK|(KR10-2005-0086721)|NAME=JENG, JIN-SANG NAME=PARK, JONG HYUK|(CA2506560)|NAME=RIDOUT & MAYBEE LLP , COUNTRY=CA | (EP1562418)|US|(EP1562418)|US|(US6729063)|US|(US20040093785)|US||(WO2004/045274)|US|||||||||||||||||||(CA2506560)|US | (EP1562418)|NAME=Markels, Michael, Jr. 3121 N.W. 31st Avenue, CITY=Camas, WA 98607, COUNTRY=US|(EP1562418)|NAME=Markels, Michael, Jr. 3121 N.W. 31st Avenue, CITY=Camas, WA 98607, COUNTRY=US|(US6729063)|NAME=Markels, Jr. Michael P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, POSTCODE=22151, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(US20040093785)|NAME=Markels Michael P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, POSTCODE=22151, STATE=VA , COUNTRY=US|(WO2004/045274)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR.|(WO2004/045274)|NAME=MARKELS, Michael, Jr. [US/ US] 17015 S.E. 38th Circle, Vancouver, WA 98683, COUNTRY=US|(JP2006506090)|NAME=Markels, Michael Jr.|(CN1728943)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR.|(RU2333639)|NAME=MARKELZ MAJKL ML.|(IN219113)|NAME=Markels Michael|(IN0918/CHENP/2005)|NAME=Markels Michael|(NO323940)|NAME=MARKELS JR MICHAELS|(NO20052947)|NAME=MARKELS JR MICHAELS|(NO20052947)|NAME=MARKELS JR MICHAELS|(ZA200504887)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR.|(NZ540299)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL|(HK1079958)|NAME=Markels Michael Jr|(BR0316377)|NAME=MICHAEL JR. MARKELS|(ECSP055845)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR.|(KR10-2005-0086721)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR.|(MXPA05005175)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(IS7855)|NAME=Michael Jr. Markels|(PE20040542)|NAME=MARKELS MICHAEL JR|(AU2003287098)|NAME=MICHAEL, JR. MARKELS|(CA2506560)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR. 3121 N.W. 31st Avenue, CITY=CAMAS, POSTCODE=98607, STATE=WA , COUNTRY=US | Titre: (EP1562418)|Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean Résumé: (EP1562418)|A method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean is to fertilize the ocean surface, creating a short-term phytoplankton bloom, which forms a fish attractive device (FAD). The FAD attracts the fish to a planned location for fishing boats to catch with reduced fishing effort. The bloom may be created by the short-term addition of a cheated iron fertilizer to the ocean surface, and may have a duration of from about 1 to about 2 months. | 69.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The focus is on increasing fish catch rather than carbon sequestration or CO₂ uptake. | 9.0 | 11.0 | (KR10-2005-0086721)|3|(IN219113)|3|(JP2006506090)|3|(CN1728943)|3|(CA2506560)|3|(US6729063)|3 | (KR10-2005-0086721)|8|(IN219113)|8|(JP2006506090)|8|(CN1728943)|8|(CA2506560)|8|(US6729063)|17 | ||(US6729063)|20|(US20040093785)|20||(WO2004/045274)|11|(JP2006506090)|11|(CN1728943)|11|(RU2333639)|20|(IN219113)|11|(IN0918/CHENP/2005)|11|(NO323940)|8||(ZA200504887)|11|(NZ540299)|62|(BR0316377)|14|(KR10-2005-0086721)|11|(CA2506560)|11 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 20.0 | 3.0 | 20.0 | (EP1562418)|WO2004/045274|(JP2006506090)|WO2004/045274|(CN1728943)|WO2004/045274|(RU2333639)|WO2004/045274|(IN219113)|WO2004/045274|(NO323940)|WO2004/045274|(ZA200504887)|WO2004/045274|(NZ540299)|WO2004/045274|(HK1079958)|WO2004/045274|(BR0316377)|WO2004/045274|(KR10-2005-0086721)|WO2004/045274|(MXPA05005175)|WO2004/045274|(IS7855)|WO2004/045274|(AU2003287098)|WO2004/045274|(CA2506560)|WO2004/045274 | Primary examiner: Pille, Stefaan||Primary examiner: Pille, Stefaan||(US6729063)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,9,11|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=3|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Rowan Kurt|Art Unit.: ART =3643||(US20040093785)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,9,11|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=3|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1|Primary examiner: Rowan Kurt|Art Unit.: ART =3643||(WO2004/045274)|Extended kind: EXTK=130000||(WO2004/045274)|Number of Claims: NCL=11||(JP2006506090)|Number of Claims: NCL=11|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11|Request for examination: REQEXA=false||(CN1728943)|Number of Claims: NCL=11|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2006-02-01|Gazette number: GAZNUM=22-05|Substantial examination effective date: 20060329|Number of Pages: NPAGES=7||(RU2333639)|Number of Claims: NCL=20||(IN219113)|Number of Claims: NCL=11||(IN0918/CHENP/2005)|Number of Claims: NCL=11||(NO323940)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Number of Pages: NPAGES=9||(NO20052947)|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2005-06-16||(ZA200504887)|Number of Claims: NCL=11||(NZ540299)|Number of Claims: NCL=62||(BR0316377)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Number of Pages: NPAGES=9||(KR10-2005-0086721)|Number of Claims: NCL=11|Number of Pages: NPAGES=5||(CA2506560)|Number of Claims: NCL=11|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10| | (US6729063)|Provisional Appl: US60/426,820 FDD=2002-11-18 [2002US-60426820] | (EP1562418)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (RU2333639)|Patent|(IN-219113)|Patent|(EP1562418)|Patent|(NZ-540299)|Patent|(NO-323940)|Patent|(IN2005CN00918)|Patent|(ZA200504887)|Patent|(HK1079958)|Patent|(JP2006506090)|Patent|(CN1728943)|Patent|(RU2005119175)|Patent|(BR200316377)|Patent|(EC200505845)|Patent|(KR20050086721)|Patent|(NO20052947)|Patent|(EP1562418)|Patent|(MX2005PA005175)|Patent|(NO200502947)|Patent|(AR--41928)|Patent|(IS---7855)|Patent|(WO200445274)|Patent|(PE200400542)|Patent|(AU2003287098)|Patent|(CA2506560)|Patent|(WO200445274)|Patent|(US20040093785)|Patent|(US6729063)|Patent | |||||||||||||||
| 75 | CN202510460873 | CN202510460873 | CN120288933 | 115232568 | CN120288933 A 2025-07-11 [CN120288933] | 2025-04-14 | 2025-04-14 | 2025-07-11 | (CN120288933)|2045-04-14 | (CN120288933)|Method for improving seawater alkalinity by using boric sludge | (CN120288933)|The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon sink, and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity by using boric sludge. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating the boric sludge, and mixing the pretreated boric sludge with seawater for reaction; then carrying out aeration reinforcement on reactants, and regularly monitoring parameters such as temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen concentration of a reaction system to ensure that reaction conditions are stable; and finally, after the reaction is finished, solid-liquid separation is not needed, liquid indexes are directly detected to ensure that the pH value is 8.0-8.5, and the liquid is directly returned to the ocean after reaching the standard. According to the method, resource utilization of the boron mud is achieved, the seawater alkalinity is remarkably improved, and the ocean carbon sequestration capacity is enhanced. | NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA | (CN120288933)|NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN]) | DONG MENGGE|GUO XIN|XIE YING|XUE XIANGXIN | (CN120288933)|DONG MENGGE|GUO XIN|XIE YING|XUE XIANGXIN | (CN120288933)|WANG HAIBO;LIAONING HONGWEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 21102|SUI XIUWEN;LIAONING HONGWEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD.|Reg. Nb: 21102 | (CN120288933)|The method for improving the seawater alkalinity by utilizing the boric sludge has the advantages of high efficiency, economy, environmental protection and the like.|For boric sludge, the existing recycling utilization is limited to building materials (such as brick making) and soil amendments (such as acid soil neutralization), and the added value is low.|The granularity of the boric sludge is limited to 100-500 meshes, and the boric sludge is high in water content, so that the material is directly subjected to wet grinding treatment without additional seawater, the material particles are distributed more uniformly through wet grinding, and the treated boric sludge can be put into use.|The granularity of the boric sludge is limited to 100-500 meshes, and the boric sludge material is directly subjected to wet grinding treatment without additional seawater due to the high water content of the boric sludge, so that the material particles are distributed more uniformly through wet grinding, and the treated boric sludge can be put into use.| | (CN120288933)|1. A method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps: boric sludge pretreatment Selecting boron mud, wherein the content of B _2O_3 in the boron mud is less than or equal to 12%, the total content of CaO and MgO is more than or equal to 30%, and the content of heavy metal accords with the second class standard of marine sediment quality standard (GB 18668-2002); secondly, the boron mud and the seawater enter a mixed reaction Adding pretreated boron mud and seawater according to the mass ratio of 1:500-1:1000, and carrying out mixing reaction; (III) aeration enhancement Connecting aeration equipment, introducing air into the reaction system at a gas-liquid ratio of 0.5-1.5L/L.min, monitoring oxygen content of air to ensure that the oxygen content is not less than 20%, controlling air temperature to 10-40 deg.C by means of a temperature regulating device, simultaneously using a dissolved oxygen monitor to maintain dissolved oxygen concentration in the reaction system at 5-8mg/L, and directly dischargingAfter the reaction is finished, the pH value of the liquid is directly detected without solid-liquid separation, the pH value of the liquid is ensured to be 8.0-8.5, and then the liquid is returned to the ocean.| | (CN120288933)|The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon sinks, and relates to a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge.|The invention provides a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge, which is a low-cost and high-efficiency seawater alkalization method.| | (CN120288933)|BORIC SLUDGE(100,40)|SEAWATER(100,38)|ALKALINITY(100,11)|SEAWATER ALKALINITY(100,11)|PRETREATED BORON MUD(58,2)|TREATED BORIC SLUDGE(45,3)|BORIC SLUDGE PRETREATMENT(44,2)|BORON MUD RECYCLING UTILIZATION(37,1)|BORON MUD(35,20)|RECYCLING UTILIZATION(33,2)|WET GRINDING(32,3)|BORON MUD PRETREATMENT(32,1)|SLUDGE PRETREATMENT(30,2)|GRANULARITY(26,3)|DISCHARGINGAFTER(21,1)|PERIODICALLY MONITORING PARAMETER(21,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(20,5)|AERATION EQUIPMENT(19,2)|AERATION(17,2)|MONITORING OXYGEN CONTENT(17,2)|ACID SOIL NEUTRALIZATION(17,1)|BORIC SLUDGE MATERIAL(16,2)|SEA(14,5)|AIR MONITORING OXYGEN CONTENT(14,1)|MIXED REACTION ADDING(14,1)|SOIL AMENDMENT(14,1)|CAO TOTAL CONTENT(12,3)|MARINE SEDIMENT(12,3)|OXYGEN CONTENT(12,3)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN MONITOR(12,2)|MATERIAL PARTICLE(11,3)|AIR INTRODUCTION(11,2)|MARINE SEDIMENT QUALITY STANDARD(11,2)|ECONOMY(11,1)|REACHING STANDARD(11,1)|SLUDGE MATERIAL(10,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION(10,1)|REAGENT(10,1)|MGO(9,6)|INDEX LIQUID(9,1)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN(8,7)|PH VALUE(8,5)|TOTAL CONTENT(8,3)|PRETREATED BORIC SLUDGE(8,2)|CULTIVATE CALCIFIED ALGAE(8,1)|HIGH EFFICIENCY SEAWATER ALKALIZATION(8,1)|REACTION PRODUCT(8,1)|CARBON SINK(6,11)|SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION(6,4)|STABLE REACTION CONDITION(6,3)|RESIDUAL BORON MUD(6,2)|REACTION TEMPERATURE(5,7)|QUALITY STANDARD(5,2)|WATER CONTENT(5,2)|BORON MUD RECYCLING(5,1)|ECOLOGICAL INVASION RISK(5,1)|HEAVY METAL(5,1)|GAS LIQUID RATIO(4,4)|CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION(4,3)|B2O CONTENT(4,2)|BORON MUD REACTION(4,2)|ANNUAL TREATMENT BORON SLUDGE(4,1)|BORON MUD ACCUMULATION(4,1)|BORON SLUDGE CONSUMPTION(4,1)|CALCULATING BORON MUD CONSUMPTION(4,1)|CARRYING OUT AERATION STRENGTHENING(4,1)|ELECTROLYZING SEAWATER(4,1)|HIGH EFFICIENCY SEAWATER(4,1)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(4,1)|MASS RATIO(3,5)|BORIC SLUDGE MASS RATIO(3,2)|ADDED VALUE(3,1)|ALKALINITY LIFTING(3,1)|BORON TRANSFORMATION(3,1)|BUILDING MATERIAL(3,1)|CONTAINER EXPERIMENTATION(3,1)|EXTENSIVE CALCULATION MODE(3,1)|PH ADJUSTER(3,1)|REACTION START(2,3)|CARRYING OUT MIXING REACTION(2,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION(2,2)|PRETREATMENT(2,2)|CALCIUM CARBONATE CACO3(2,1)|CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATE(2,1)|CALCULATING TOTAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(2,1)|CARBON SINK CALCULATION(2,1)|COMPARISON EXPERIMENT(2,1)|HARMLESS TREATMENT(2,1)|KEY PARAMETER(2,1)|REACTION STOICHIOMETRIC RELATION(2,1)|SEAWATER ALKALINITY BOOST RESULT(2,1)|SEAWATER SAMPLE(2,1)|SEPARATING SOLID PRECIPITATE(2,1)|STORAGE YARD(2,1)|AIR TEMPERATURE(1,4)|1MOL L NAOH(1,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(1,1)|BIOENGINEERING(1,1)|CALCITE(1,1)|CALCIUM CARBONATE CONTENT(1,1)|CALCULATING CARBON SINK(1,1)| | (CN120288933)|1. A method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:| boric sludge pretreatment |Selecting boron mud, wherein the content of B 2O3 in the boron mud is less than or equal to 12%, the total content of CaO and MgO is more than or equal to 30%, and the content of heavy metal accords with the second class standard of marine sediment quality standard (GB 18668-2002);| secondly, the boron mud and the seawater enter a mixed reaction |Adding pretreated boron mud and seawater according to the mass ratio of 1:500-1:1000, and carrying out mixing reaction;| (III) aeration enhancement |Connecting aeration equipment, introducing air into the reaction system at a gas-liquid ratio of 0.5-1.5L/L.min, monitoring oxygen content of air to ensure that the oxygen content is not less than 20%, controlling air temperature to 10-40 deg.C by means of a temperature regulating device, simultaneously using a dissolved oxygen monitor to maintain dissolved oxygen concentration in the reaction system at 5-8mg/L, and directly discharging|After the reaction is finished, the pH value of the liquid is directly detected without solid-liquid separation, the pH value of the liquid is ensured to be 8.0-8.5, and then the liquid is returned to the ocean.|2. The method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing the boric sludge according to claim 1, wherein the B 2O3 content in the boric sludge is 5% in the step 1.|3. A method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following step of setting the total amount of CaO and MgO to be 28%.|4. The method for improving the seawater alkalinity by utilizing the boric sludge according to claim 1,2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps that in the step 1, the granularity of the boric sludge is limited to 100-500 meshes, the boric sludge material is directly subjected to wet grinding treatment without adding additional seawater because the water content of the boric sludge is higher, the material particles are distributed more uniformly through wet grinding, and the treated boric sludge can be put into use.|5. The method for increasing the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge according to claim 4, wherein in step 2, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 10-40 ℃ by using a temperature adjusting device, and the pH of the reaction system is adjusted to be 8.5-9.5 by utilizing the boric sludge.|6. The method for increasing the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following step of continuously monitoring the parameters of the reaction system periodically in the reaction process for 2-4 hours in step 3 to ensure stable reaction conditions. | (CN120288933)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon sinks, relates to a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge, and in particular relates to a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boron industrial solid waste (boric sludge) and promoting the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by ocean.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Since the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO 2 concentration increased from 280ppm to 420ppm, resulting in a global average air temperature rise of 1.2 ℃ (IPCC, 2023). Ocean is the largest carbon sink, absorbing about 30% of the man-made emissions CO 2 each year. Seawater alkalinity (Total Alkalinity, TA) is a key parameter in determining ocean carbon absorption capacity, and each 1% increase in TA can increase CO 2 absorption by about 0.5%.|[0003] The existing sea water alkalization technology mainly comprises the following steps of (1) a mineral addition method, namely calcite (CaCO 3) or olivine (Mg 2SiO4) is used, and the cost is up to $500/ton. (2) The electrochemical method is to generate OH-by electrolyzing seawater, and the energy consumption reaches 12-15kWh/m 3. (3) The bioengineering method is to cultivate high calcified algae, and ecological invasion risks exist.|[0004] The boric sludge is waste residue produced in the production of boric acid, borax and other products, is off-white and yellow-white powdery solid, is alkaline, contains boron oxide, magnesium oxide and other components, and is commonly called as the boric sludge. The boron mud produced in China is about 200 ten thousand tons, and the main components are MgO (20-30%), siO 2(35-45%)、B2O3 (3-5%) and a small amount of CaO (1-3%). Traditional treatment methods comprise open-air stacking or landfill, which not only occupy a large amount of land, but also can alkalize the soil near a storage yard and cause migration and transformation of boron, so that soil salinization and groundwater pollution are caused, and environmental pollution is caused. For boric sludge, the existing recycling utilization is limited to building materials (such as brick making) and soil amendments (such as acid soil neutralization), and the added value is low.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention provides a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge, which is a low-cost and high-efficiency seawater alkalization method. The method improves the ocean carbon sink capacity, solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by boron mud accumulation, realizes harmless treatment and high-value utilization of the boron mud, and reduces heavy metal pollution.|[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:|[0007] A method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge, which comprises the following steps: |[0008] boric sludge pretreatment |[0009] Boron mud is selected, the content of B2O3 in the boron mud is ensured to be less than or equal to 12 percent, the total content of CaO and MgO is ensured to be more than or equal to 30 percent, and the heavy metal content meets the second class standard of marine sediment quality standard (GB 18668-2002). The granularity of the boric sludge is limited to 100-500 meshes, and the boric sludge material is directly subjected to wet grinding treatment without additional seawater due to the high water content of the boric sludge, so that the material particles are distributed more uniformly through wet grinding, and the treated boric sludge can be put into use.|[0010] Secondly, the boron mud and the seawater enter a mixed reaction|[0011] Adding pretreated boric sludge and seawater according to the mass ratio of 1:500-1:1000, and carrying out mixing reaction. The reaction temperature is controlled to be 10-40 ℃ by using a temperature adjusting device, and the pH value of the reaction system is adjusted to be 8.5-9.5 by boric sludge. Stirring to fully mix the boric sludge and seawater, and ensuring the uniform reaction.|[0012] (III) aeration enhancement|[0013] And connecting aeration equipment, and introducing air into the reaction system according to a gas-liquid ratio of 0.5-1.5L/L.min. An oxygen sensor is used for monitoring the oxygen content of the air, ensuring that the oxygen content is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the temperature of the air is controlled to be 10-40 ℃ through a temperature regulating device. Meanwhile, a dissolved oxygen monitor is used for maintaining the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the reaction system at 5-8mg/L. The reaction lasts for 2-4 hours, and the parameters such as the temperature, the pH value, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the like of the reaction system are monitored periodically during the reaction, so that the stable reaction condition is ensured.|[0014] (IV) direct discharge|[0015] After the reaction is finished, solid-liquid separation is not needed, the liquid index is directly detected to ensure that the pH value is 8.0-8.5, and the liquid index is directly returned to the ocean after reaching the standard, so that secondary treatment is avoided.|[0016] The method for improving the seawater alkalinity by utilizing the boric sludge has the advantages of high efficiency, economy, environmental protection and the like. The steps of pretreatment, mixing reaction, aeration strengthening, solid-liquid separation and the like are carried out on the boron mud, so that the recycling of the boron mud is realized, the alkalinity of seawater is obviously improved, and the ocean carbon sink capacity is enhanced. Meanwhile, the method has small influence on the marine ecological environment and has good environmental benefit and sustainability.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0017] Example 1 method for increasing alkalinity of seawater Using boric sludge|[0018] Boron mud meeting the second class of standards of marine sediment mass standard (GB 18668-2002) is selected, wherein the content of B2O3 is 5%, and the total content of CaO and MgO is 28%. The granularity of the boric sludge is limited to 100-500 meshes, and the boric sludge is high in water content, so that the material is directly subjected to wet grinding treatment without additional seawater, the material particles are distributed more uniformly through wet grinding, and the treated boric sludge can be put into use. The initial alkalinity, pH and carbon dioxide content of the seawater were measured. Nine groups of comparison experiments are set, wherein variables are the mass ratio of boric sludge to seawater and the reaction temperature, and specific parameters are shown in the following table:|[0019] Boron mud and seawater reaction experimental parameter table |[0020] Parameters (parameters)Value rangeControl modeMass ratio of boric sludge to seawater1:500、1:750、1:1000Electronic balance accurate weighingReaction temperature20°C、25°C、30°CWater bath heating device (precision + -0.5℃)Initial pH value8.5-9.51Mol/L NaOH solution conditioningAeration gas-liquid ratio1.0L/L·minGas flow meter controlAir temperature25-35°CAir preheater conditioningConcentration of dissolved oxygen5-8mg/LReal-time feedback aeration rate of dissolved oxygen monitorReaction time3 HoursTimer controlCatalystWithout adding——|[0021] In each experimental container, adding pretreated boric sludge and seawater according to a set mass ratio. The reaction temperature was adjusted to a set point using a temperature control device and the initial pH was adjusted to 8.5-9.5 using a pH adjuster. Air with oxygen content of 21% and temperature of 28 ℃ is introduced at a gas-liquid ratio of 1.0L/L.min, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen is maintained at 5-8mg/L. The stirring device was turned on and the reaction continued for 3 hours.|[0022] The alkalinity of the seawater is measured by an acid-base titration method, the pH value is monitored in real time by a pH meter, the carbon dioxide content in the seawater is detected by a non-dispersive infrared spectrometry (NDIR), and the measurement is carried out before the reaction starts and after the reaction ends. The results of the seawater alkalinity boost test data are as follows:|[0023] |[0024] From the above data, each experimental group achieved elevation of seawater alkalinity and carbon dioxide absorption. Wherein, in experiment 2, when the mass ratio of the boric sludge to the seawater is 1:500 and the reaction temperature is 25 ℃, the alkalinity lifting amount of the seawater reaches 0.18mmol/L, the carbon dioxide absorption amount is 20.5mg/L, and the effect is relatively optimal. Overall, a higher mass ratio of boric sludge to seawater, a suitable reaction temperature (around 25 ℃) is beneficial to promote seawater alkalinity and promote carbon absorption. |[0025] Example 2 seawater alkalinity enhancement Using boric sludge|[0026] When the carbon sink is measured, a multi-parameter real-time monitoring and comprehensive calculation mode is adopted to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the result. The metering process is as follows:|[0027] (1) Monitoring Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) concentration changes in real time |[0028] The concentration of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in seawater before and after the reaction was monitored in real time using non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR). The method can detect the fine change of the DIC concentration in the seawater with high precision, and provides key data for the subsequent calculation of carbon sink quantity. Prior to the start of the reaction, the target sea area seawater was sampled at multiple points and the initial DIC concentration C DIC1 was determined using NDIR equipment. After the reaction, seawater samples were collected again at the same sampling points, and the final DIC concentration C DIC2 was measured.|[0029] (2) Detecting CO 2 partial pressure|[0030] The partial pressure of CO 2 in seawater is detected by using a non-dispersive infrared spectrometry (NDIR). The change in partial pressure of CO 2 reflects the dynamic process of CO 2 exchange between seawater and the atmosphere, and is an important reference index for calculating carbon sink. Recording CO 2 partial pressure before and after reactionAnd|[0031] (3) Measurement of calcium carbonate precipitation|[0032] The amount of calcium carbonate precipitate generated during the reaction was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA method determines the calcium carbonate content by accurately measuring the mass change of the sample during heating. Separating solid precipitate from the sea water mixed system after reaction, drying, grinding and other pretreatment, and analyzing with TGA equipment to obtain calcium carbonate precipitate quality|[0033] (4) Calculating boron mud consumption|[0034] Before the reaction starts, the mass m Boron mud 1 of the boric sludge put into the reaction system is weighed. After the reaction is finished, the residual boron mud is collected and weighed to obtain the residual boron mud with the mass m Boron mud 2. The boron sludge consumption Δm Boron mud =m Boron mud 1-m Boron mud 2.|[0035] (5) Calculating total carbon sequestration|[0036] Based on the above monitoring and measurement data, the total carbon sink M Carbon sink is calculated by the following formula:|[0037] |[0038] Wherein DeltaC DIC=CDIC2-CDIC1 represents the variation of DIC concentration in seawater before and after the reaction, and V Seawater sea water is the volume of seawater participating in the reaction, and the unit is cubic meter (m 3). |[0039] Δc DIC*V Seawater sea water the amount of carbon fixed by the change in the concentration of seawater DIC was calculated.|[0040] The carbon content fixed for calcium carbonate precipitation is 0.12 mass fraction of carbon in calcium carbonate based on the chemical formula of calcium carbonate CaCO3|[0041] M boron mud reaction fixed carbon is the fixed carbon amount in the reaction process of the boric sludge and the seawater, and can be calculated according to the content of effective alkaline components (such as CaO, mgO and the like) in the boric sludge and the reaction stoichiometric relation between the effective alkaline components and CO 2. Assuming that the content of the effective alkaline component in the boron mud is w (mass fraction), and the fixed carbon amount of the effective alkaline component per unit mass is k (kg/kg) according to a chemical reaction formula, M boron mud reaction fixed carbon =Δm Boron mud is w is k.|[0042] Assuming that the annual treatment boron sludge amount is 10 ten thousand tons, the sea water volume for participating in the reaction is 1 x 106m 3, the sea water DIC concentration change amount delta CDIC =0.02 mol/m 3 before and after the reaction, the calcium carbonate precipitation amount mCaCO 3 =5000 tons, the effective alkaline component content w=40% in the boron sludge, and the fixed carbon amount k=0.3 kg/kg of the effective alkaline component per unit mass, the total carbon sink amount is 12840 tons/year. | (CN120288933)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon sinks, relates to a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge, and in particular relates to a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boron industrial solid waste (boric sludge) and promoting the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by ocean.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Since the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO 2 concentration increased from 280ppm to 420ppm, resulting in a global average air temperature rise of 1.2 ℃ (IPCC, 2023). Ocean is the largest carbon sink, absorbing about 30% of the man-made emissions CO 2 each year. Seawater alkalinity (Total Alkalinity, TA) is a key parameter in determining ocean carbon absorption capacity, and each 1% increase in TA can increase CO 2 absorption by about 0.5%.|[0003] The existing sea water alkalization technology mainly comprises the following steps of (1) a mineral addition method, namely calcite (CaCO 3) or olivine (Mg 2SiO4) is used, and the cost is up to $500/ton. (2) The electrochemical method is to generate OH-by electrolyzing seawater, and the energy consumption reaches 12-15kWh/m 3. (3) The bioengineering method is to cultivate high calcified algae, and ecological invasion risks exist.|[0004] The boric sludge is waste residue produced in the production of boric acid, borax and other products, is off-white and yellow-white powdery solid, is alkaline, contains boron oxide, magnesium oxide and other components, and is commonly called as the boric sludge. The boron mud produced in China is about 200 ten thousand tons, and the main components are MgO (20-30%), siO 2(35-45%)、B2O3 (3-5%) and a small amount of CaO (1-3%). Traditional treatment methods comprise open-air stacking or landfill, which not only occupy a large amount of land, but also can alkalize the soil near a storage yard and cause migration and transformation of boron, so that soil salinization and groundwater pollution are caused, and environmental pollution is caused. For boric sludge, the existing recycling utilization is limited to building materials (such as brick making) and soil amendments (such as acid soil neutralization), and the added value is low.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention provides a method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge, which is a low-cost and high-efficiency seawater alkalization method. The method improves the ocean carbon sink capacity, solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by boron mud accumulation, realizes harmless treatment and high-value utilization of the boron mud, and reduces heavy metal pollution.|[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:|[0007] A method for improving the alkalinity of seawater by utilizing boric sludge, which comprises the following steps: |[0008] boric sludge pretreatment |[0009] Boron mud is selected, the content of B2O3 in the boron mud is ensured to be less than or equal to 12 percent, the total content of CaO and MgO is ensured to be more than or equal to 30 percent, and the heavy metal content meets the second class standard of marine sediment quality standard (GB 18668-2002). The granularity of the boric sludge is limited to 100-500 meshes, and the boric sludge material is directly subjected to wet grinding treatment without additional seawater due to the high water content of the boric sludge, so that the material particles are distributed more uniformly through wet grinding, and the treated boric sludge can be put into use.|[0010] Secondly, the boron mud and the seawater enter a mixed reaction|[0011] Adding pretreated boric sludge and seawater according to the mass ratio of 1:500-1:1000, and carrying out mixing reaction. The reaction temperature is controlled to be 10-40 ℃ by using a temperature adjusting device, and the pH value of the reaction system is adjusted to be 8.5-9.5 by boric sludge. Stirring to fully mix the boric sludge and seawater, and ensuring the uniform reaction.|[0012] (III) aeration enhancement|[0013] And connecting aeration equipment, and introducing air into the reaction system according to a gas-liquid ratio of 0.5-1.5L/L.min. An oxygen sensor is used for monitoring the oxygen content of the air, ensuring that the oxygen content is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the temperature of the air is controlled to be 10-40 ℃ through a temperature regulating device. Meanwhile, a dissolved oxygen monitor is used for maintaining the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the reaction system at 5-8mg/L. The reaction lasts for 2-4 hours, and the parameters such as the temperature, the pH value, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the like of the reaction system are monitored periodically during the reaction, so that the stable reaction condition is ensured.|[0014] (IV) direct discharge|[0015] After the reaction is finished, solid-liquid separation is not needed, the liquid index is directly detected to ensure that the pH value is 8.0-8.5, and the liquid index is directly returned to the ocean after reaching the standard, so that secondary treatment is avoided.|[0016] The method for improving the seawater alkalinity by utilizing the boric sludge has the advantages of high efficiency, economy, environmental protection and the like. The steps of pretreatment, mixing reaction, aeration strengthening, solid-liquid separation and the like are carried out on the boron mud, so that the recycling of the boron mud is realized, the alkalinity of seawater is obviously improved, and the ocean carbon sink capacity is enhanced. Meanwhile, the method has small influence on the marine ecological environment and has good environmental benefit and sustainability.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0017] Example 1 method for increasing alkalinity of seawater Using boric sludge|[0018] Boron mud meeting the second class of standards of marine sediment mass standard (GB 18668-2002) is selected, wherein the content of B2O3 is 5%, and the total content of CaO and MgO is 28%. The granularity of the boric sludge is limited to 100-500 meshes, and the boric sludge is high in water content, so that the material is directly subjected to wet grinding treatment without additional seawater, the material particles are distributed more uniformly through wet grinding, and the treated boric sludge can be put into use. The initial alkalinity, pH and carbon dioxide content of the seawater were measured. Nine groups of comparison experiments are set, wherein variables are the mass ratio of boric sludge to seawater and the reaction temperature, and specific parameters are shown in the following table:|[0019] Boron mud and seawater reaction experimental parameter table |[0020] Parameters (parameters)Value rangeControl modeMass ratio of boric sludge to seawater1:500、1:750、1:1000Electronic balance accurate weighingReaction temperature20°C、25°C、30°CWater bath heating device (precision + -0.5℃)Initial pH value8.5-9.51Mol/L NaOH solution conditioningAeration gas-liquid ratio1.0L/L·minGas flow meter controlAir temperature25-35°CAir preheater conditioningConcentration of dissolved oxygen5-8mg/LReal-time feedback aeration rate of dissolved oxygen monitorReaction time3 HoursTimer controlCatalystWithout adding——|[0021] In each experimental container, adding pretreated boric sludge and seawater according to a set mass ratio. The reaction temperature was adjusted to a set point using a temperature control device and the initial pH was adjusted to 8.5-9.5 using a pH adjuster. Air with oxygen content of 21% and temperature of 28 ℃ is introduced at a gas-liquid ratio of 1.0L/L.min, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen is maintained at 5-8mg/L. The stirring device was turned on and the reaction continued for 3 hours.|[0022] The alkalinity of the seawater is measured by an acid-base titration method, the pH value is monitored in real time by a pH meter, the carbon dioxide content in the seawater is detected by a non-dispersive infrared spectrometry (NDIR), and the measurement is carried out before the reaction starts and after the reaction ends. The results of the seawater alkalinity boost test data are as follows:|[0023] |[0024] From the above data, each experimental group achieved elevation of seawater alkalinity and carbon dioxide absorption. Wherein, in experiment 2, when the mass ratio of the boric sludge to the seawater is 1:500 and the reaction temperature is 25 ℃, the alkalinity lifting amount of the seawater reaches 0.18mmol/L, the carbon dioxide absorption amount is 20.5mg/L, and the effect is relatively optimal. Overall, a higher mass ratio of boric sludge to seawater, a suitable reaction temperature (around 25 ℃) is beneficial to promote seawater alkalinity and promote carbon absorption. |[0025] Example 2 seawater alkalinity enhancement Using boric sludge|[0026] When the carbon sink is measured, a multi-parameter real-time monitoring and comprehensive calculation mode is adopted to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the result. The metering process is as follows:|[0027] (1) Monitoring Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) concentration changes in real time |[0028] The concentration of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in seawater before and after the reaction was monitored in real time using non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR). The method can detect the fine change of the DIC concentration in the seawater with high precision, and provides key data for the subsequent calculation of carbon sink quantity. Prior to the start of the reaction, the target sea area seawater was sampled at multiple points and the initial DIC concentration C DIC1 was determined using NDIR equipment. After the reaction, seawater samples were collected again at the same sampling points, and the final DIC concentration C DIC2 was measured.|[0029] (2) Detecting CO 2 partial pressure|[0030] The partial pressure of CO 2 in seawater is detected by using a non-dispersive infrared spectrometry (NDIR). The change in partial pressure of CO 2 reflects the dynamic process of CO 2 exchange between seawater and the atmosphere, and is an important reference index for calculating carbon sink. Recording CO 2 partial pressure before and after reactionAnd|[0031] (3) Measurement of calcium carbonate precipitation|[0032] The amount of calcium carbonate precipitate generated during the reaction was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA method determines the calcium carbonate content by accurately measuring the mass change of the sample during heating. Separating solid precipitate from the sea water mixed system after reaction, drying, grinding and other pretreatment, and analyzing with TGA equipment to obtain calcium carbonate precipitate quality|[0033] (4) Calculating boron mud consumption|[0034] Before the reaction starts, the mass m Boron mud 1 of the boric sludge put into the reaction system is weighed. After the reaction is finished, the residual boron mud is collected and weighed to obtain the residual boron mud with the mass m Boron mud 2. The boron sludge consumption Δm Boron mud =m Boron mud 1-m Boron mud 2.|[0035] (5) Calculating total carbon sequestration|[0036] Based on the above monitoring and measurement data, the total carbon sink M Carbon sink is calculated by the following formula:|[0037] |[0038] Wherein DeltaC DIC=CDIC2-CDIC1 represents the variation of DIC concentration in seawater before and after the reaction, and V Seawater sea water is the volume of seawater participating in the reaction, and the unit is cubic meter (m 3). |[0039] Δc DIC*V Seawater sea water the amount of carbon fixed by the change in the concentration of seawater DIC was calculated.|[0040] The carbon content fixed for calcium carbonate precipitation is 0.12 mass fraction of carbon in calcium carbonate based on the chemical formula of calcium carbonate CaCO3|[0041] M boron mud reaction fixed carbon is the fixed carbon amount in the reaction process of the boric sludge and the seawater, and can be calculated according to the content of effective alkaline components (such as CaO, mgO and the like) in the boric sludge and the reaction stoichiometric relation between the effective alkaline components and CO 2. Assuming that the content of the effective alkaline component in the boron mud is w (mass fraction), and the fixed carbon amount of the effective alkaline component per unit mass is k (kg/kg) according to a chemical reaction formula, M boron mud reaction fixed carbon =Δm Boron mud is w is k.|[0042] Assuming that the annual treatment boron sludge amount is 10 ten thousand tons, the sea water volume for participating in the reaction is 1 x 106m 3, the sea water DIC concentration change amount delta CDIC =0.02 mol/m 3 before and after the reaction, the calcium carbonate precipitation amount mCaCO 3 =5000 tons, the effective alkaline component content w=40% in the boron sludge, and the fixed carbon amount k=0.3 kg/kg of the effective alkaline component per unit mass, the total carbon sink amount is 12840 tons/year. | Family Number|(115232568)|115232568|Abstract|(CN120288933 A)|The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon sink , and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity by using boric sludge . The method comprises the following steps : pretreating the boric sludge , and mixing the pretreated boric sludge with seawater for reaction ; then carrying out aeration reinforcement on reactants , and regularly monitoring parameters such as temperature , pH value and dissolved oxygen concentration of a reaction system to ensure that reaction conditions are stable ; and finally , after the reaction is finished , solid - liquid separation is not needed , liquid indexes are directly detected to ensure that the pH value is 8.0-8.5, and the liquid is directly returned to the ocean after reaching the standard . According to the method , resource utilization of the boron mud is achieved , the seawater alkalinity is remarkably improved , and the ocean carbon sequestration capacity is enhanced . | | Environmental technology | B09B-003/00|C01F-007/56|C02F-001/52/36|C02F-001/66|C02F-007/00|C02F-009/00|C02F-011/00|C02F-2101/20|C02F-2209/06 | B09B-003/00|C01F-007/56|C02F-001/52/36|C02F-001/66|C02F-007/00|C02F-009/00|C02F-011/00|C02F-2101/20|C02F-2209/06 | B09B-003/70|C02F-001/66|C02F-007/00 | B09B-003/70|C02F-001/66|C02F-007/00 | PENDING | (CN120288933)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN120288933)|ALIVE | (CN120288933)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN120288933|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-04-14|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-04-14|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202510460873|Application date=2025-04-14|Standardized application number=2025CN-0460873|Event publication date=2025-07-11|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN120288933|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-07-11|Standardized publication number=CN120288933|Event publication date=2025-07-11|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-07-29|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN120288933)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKdWesvEbGYeR1fn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000078176951&ekey=2167&xpn=CN120288933&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=s%252BL6pVO321v52wmfUePclJNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN120288933)|CN | (CN120288933)|NAME=NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN | (CN120288933)|NAME=WANG HAIBO;LIAONING HONGWEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=21102NAME=SUI XIUWEN;LIAONING HONGWEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY CO., LTD. , REG=21102 | (CN120288933)|CN | (CN120288933)|NAME=DONG MENGGE, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=GUO XIN|NAME=XIE YING|NAME=XUE XIANGXIN | Titre: (CN120288933)|Method for improving seawater alkalinity by using boric sludge Résumé: (CN120288933)|The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon sink, and relates to a method for improving seawater alkalinity by using boric sludge. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating the boric sludge, and mixing the pretreated boric sludge with seawater for reaction; then carrying out aeration reinforcement on reactants, and regularly monitoring parameters such as temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen concentration of a reaction system to ensure that reaction conditions are stable; and finally, after the reaction is finished, solid-liquid separation is not needed, liquid indexes are directly detected to ensure that the pH value is 8.0-8.5, and the liquid is directly returned to the ocean after reaching the standard. According to the method, resource utilization of the boron mud is achieved, the seawater alkalinity is remarkably improved, and the ocean carbon sequestration capacity is enhanced. | 66.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | uncertain | The article discusses improving seawater alkalinity and enhancing ocean carbon sequestration, but it does not explicitly mention iron fertilization or the stimulation of phytoplankton, making the relation to the central topic ambiguous. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN120288933)|1 | (CN120288933)|5 | (CN120288933)|6 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN120288933)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-07-11|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-2802|Number of Pages: NPAGES=6| | (CN120288933)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN120288933)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 76 | CN202311377992 | CN202311377992 | CN117114453 | 107434976 | CN117114453 A 2023-11-24 [CN117114453] | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | 2023-11-24 | (CN117114453)|2025-03-21 | (CN117114453)|Marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation | (CN117114453)|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration, and provides a marine carbon sequestration state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation for evaluating the marine carbon sequestration state of aquatic plants due to the fact that the carbon sequestration capacity of marine plants is higher than that of all other types of marine ecosystems and the aquatic organisms comprise aquatic plants. The marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation comprises a grid detection group; a plurality of monitoring piles; the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point; the processing module is used for obtaining a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample; an analysis module; and the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data of which the sample distance is smaller than the preset sample distance threshold, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data. | SOUTH CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT EMERGENCY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF | (CN117114453)|SOUTH CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RES INSTITUTE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT EMERGENCY RES INSTITUTE OF EC ([CN]) | LIANG DIWEN|LI YU|LIANG MINGYI|DONG JIAHUA|CHEN CHEN|YE ZHEN|SUN SHUANGSHUANG|HUANG CHUNRONG|LUO HAILIN | (CN117114453)|LIANG DIWEN|LI YU|LIANG MINGYI|DONG JIAHUA|CHEN CHEN|YE ZHEN|SUN SHUANGSHUANG|HUANG CHUNRONG|LUO HAILIN | (CN117114453)|XIAO XIANGLI;GUANGDONG NORTH AND SOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 44918 | (CN117114453)|The coastal 'blue carbon' ecosystem such as mangrove, seaweed beds and salt marsh is the most dense carbon sink area in biosphere, and has the advantages of high productivity, strong suspension capturing capability, low decomposition rate of organic carbon in seaweed bed sediment and relative stability, so that the coastal 'blue carbon' ecosystem has high sediment carbon burying rate and extremely high carbon fixing capability, wherein the carbon fixing capability of marine living plants is higher than that of all other types of marine ecosystems, and quantitative research on the carbon fixing capability of living plants in the marine 'blue carbon' ecosystem is necessary.| | (CN117114453)|1. An aquatic organism observation based marine carbon sink state assessment system, comprising:the grid detection group is divided according to the distribution area of the target monitoring area;the monitoring piles are arranged in the grid detection group and are used for monitoring environmental indexes and plant distribution areas in the grid detection group;the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point;the processing module predicts a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, obtains a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, and corrects the next sampling time according to the sample distance;the analysis module is used for judging and comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold, and if the sample distance is not smaller than the preset sample distance threshold, eliminating all sample data in the corresponding grid detection group;and the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data of which the sample distance is smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data.| | (CN117114453)|The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:|The invention aims to provide an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation, which solves the following technical problems:|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sink, and because the carbon fixing capability of ocean plants is higher than that of all other types of ocean ecological systems, and aquatic organisms comprise aquatic plants, the invention provides an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation, which evaluates the ocean carbon sink state of the aquatic plants, and discloses an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on the aquatic organism observation, which comprises the following components: a grid detection group; a plurality of monitoring piles; the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point; the processing module is used for obtaining a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample; an analysis module; and the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data of which the sample distance is smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data.The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sink, in particular to an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation.| | (CN117114453)|CARBON SINK(100,45)|AQUATIC ORGANISM(100,16)|EVALUATION(100,15)|AQUATIC ORGANISM OBSERVATION(100,12)|MARINE CARBON SINK(100,11)|PLANT PREDICTION SAMPLE(73,27)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(62,17)|SEAWEED BED SEDIMENT(58,1)|MONITORING PILE(54,24)|AQUATIC ORGANISM OBSERVATION MARINE(54,2)|AQUATIC SPECIE OBSERVATION(45,1)|PLANT SAMPLE(42,31)|PLANT SAMPLE COLLECTION(42,4)|PRESET DEVICE SAMPLE(38,8)|EVALUATION MODULE(38,4)|SAMPLING MODULE(38,4)|OBSERVATION MARINE(38,2)|COASTAL BLUE CARBON(36,2)|ECOSYSTEM(35,3)|SEAWEED BED(35,1)|SEA PLANT(33,1)|SAMPLE DISTANCE(31,30)|PLANT ACTUAL MEASUREMENT(31,8)|ASSESSMENT(31,6)|ANALYSIS MODULE(30,4)|CARBON FIXING CAPABILITY(30,3)|LIVING PLANT(30,1)|PLANT SAMPLE DATA(29,15)|SEDIMENT CARBON(29,1)|DETECTION GROUP(26,14)|MARINE CARBON FIXING CAPABILITY(26,1)|AQUATIC PLANT(25,2)|PROCESSING MODULE(23,4)|ACQUISITION(22,2)|MARINE BLUE CARBON(22,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(22,1)|ELEMENTAL ANALYZER(21,4)|PRODUCTIVITY(21,1)|PRESET DEVICE SAMPLE DISTANCE(20,10)|GRID DETECTION GROUP(20,9)|BIOSPHERE(20,1)|DECOMPOSITION(20,1)|TARGET MONITORING AREA(19,25)|SAMPLE PARAMETER CHANGE(19,6)|MANGROVE(19,1)|FIRSTMONITORING CARBON(18,3)|SAMPLE PARAMETER ITEM(18,3)|FIRSTTHE CARBON(18,2)|PLANT SAMPLE MEASUREMENT(17,4)|OBTAINING SAMPLE DISTANCE(17,1)|PLANT DISTRIBUTION(15,15)|PLANT ACTUAL MEASUREMENT SAMPLE(15,8)|THRESHOLD CONDITION(14,7)|SALT MARSH(14,1)|OCEAN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM(13,1)|MONITORING(11,15)|ITEM PREDICTED VALUE(11,4)|PREPROCESSING(11,4)|SAMPLE DATA(11,3)|CALCULATING TOTAL CARBON(10,3)|DISTRIBUTION AREA(9,6)|VALUE PREDICTION(8,4)|AMBIENT CARBON RESERVE FUNCTION(8,3)|MONITORING PILE NUMBER(8,2)|CARBON SINK AREA(8,1)|ORGANIC CARBON(8,1)|PLANT DISTRIBUTION AREA(7,15)|RULE FUNCTION(7,4)|TARGET AREA MONITORING(7,3)|CAMERA SHOOTING(7,2)|MONITORING STAKE(7,2)|CARBON SINK STATE ESTIMATION(7,1)|THRESHOLD VALUE(6,10)|PLANT AREA(6,4)|ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM(6,1)|OCEAN EVALUATION(5,1)|ORGANISM LIVING(5,1)|SAMPLE PARAMETER WEIGHTING COEFFICIENT(5,1)|TERM FIRSTAPPLICATION COEFFICIENT(5,1)|DRIED SAMPLE(4,3)|MONITORING PILE AREA(4,3)|REMOTE SENSING MONITORING(4,3)|SEA(4,3)|TERM APPLICATION COEFFICIENT(4,3)|GEOMETRIC CORRECTION(4,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|SAMPLING PRECISION(4,1)|TERM WEIGHTING COEFFICIENT(4,1)|SAMPLING TIME POINT(3,14)|REGULAR FUNCTION(3,3)|SAMPLING TIME CORRECTION(3,3)|GROWTH CONDITION(3,2)|MONITORING PILE SAMPLING RANGE(3,2)|PRETREATMENT(3,2)|ATMOSPHERE CORRECTION(3,1)|COLLECTIVE TERM(3,1)|ENVIRONMENT INDEX MONITORING(3,1)|PLANT DISTRIBUTION ACQUISITION(3,1)|PREDICTION SAMPLE(3,1)|RADIATION CORRECTION(3,1)|THETHE CARBON(3,1)|UPRIGHT STEM(3,1)|SINGLE MONITORING PILE(2,3)| | (CN117114453)|1. An aquatic organism observation based marine carbon sink state assessment system, comprising:|the grid detection group is divided according to the distribution area of the target monitoring area;|the monitoring piles are arranged in the grid detection group and are used for monitoring environmental indexes and plant distribution areas in the grid detection group;|the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point;|the processing module predicts a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, obtains a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, and corrects the next sampling time according to the sample distance;|the analysis module is used for judging and comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold, and if the sample distance is not smaller than the preset sample distance threshold, eliminating all sample data in the corresponding grid detection group;|and the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data of which the sample distance is smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data.|2. The marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring pile comprises an environmental index monitoring unit for acquiring an environmental index and a camera unit for acquiring a plant distribution area.|3. The marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation according to claim 1, wherein the process of predicting a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point from the obtained plant actual measurement sample comprises:|establishing a measured data set of the plant measured sample according to the plant measured sample obtained periodically;|analyzing and fitting according to the actual measurement data set to obtain a rule function of each sample parameter changing along with time;|and obtaining a prediction data set of the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to a regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time.|4. The marine carbon sink state assessment system based on aquatic organism observations of claim 1, wherein the process of obtaining a sample distance between the two samples from the plant prediction sample and a current plant sample comprises:|by the formula:|calculating a sample distance between the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample;|Wherein,for the number of items of the sample parameter, +.>,Is->Weight coefficient of term sample parameter, +.>Is->Application coefficients of the term sample parameters, +.>Is->Predicted value of item sample parameter +.>Is->The current value of the item sample parameter.|5. An aquatic speciation based marine carbon sink state estimation system according to claim 1 wherein correcting a next sampling time based on the sample distance comprises:|by the formula:|calculate the next sampling time interval;|Wherein,for the initial sampling time interval, +.>Is a time distance correction function.|6. The marine carbon sink state assessment system based on aquatic specie observation of claim 1, wherein the process of determining and comparing the sample distance to a preset sample distance threshold comprises:|sample distance between the plant prediction sample and the current plant sampleAnd corresponding threshold condition->And (3) performing comparison:|if it isJudging that the current plant sample is abnormal;|otherwise, judging that the current plant sample is normal, and according to the corrected sampling time intervalThe next sampling is performed.|7. The marine carbon sink state estimation system based on aquatic organism observation of claim 1, wherein the process of acquiring all current plant sample data for which the sample distance is less than the preset sample distance threshold and estimating the marine carbon sink state of the target monitoring area from the current plant sample data comprises:|after preprocessing the current plant sample, measuring the carbon reserves of the current plant sample by adopting an elemental analyzer;|by the formula:|calculating total carbon reserves of plants in target monitoring areas;|Wherein,is->Monitoring range of individual monitoring pilesArea of distribution of plants in->Is->Plant area in sampling range of each monitoring pile, < >>For the initial number of monitoring piles, < > for the initial number of monitoring piles, > for the monitoring of>Sample distance for the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample +.>The number of monitoring piles greater than the corresponding threshold condition,/->Is->The carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the piles are monitored.|8. An aquatic speciation based marine carbon sink state assessment system according to claim 7, wherein the firstThe carbon reserve calculation process of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles comprises the following steps:|by the formula:|calculate the firstMonitoring carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the piles;|wherein,as a function of ambient carbon reserves;Is an environmental index. | (CN117114453)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sink, in particular to an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean carbon sequestration refers to a process and mechanism of absorbing and solidifying carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with the ocean as a specific carrier, refers to the ability or capacity of ocean carbon storage for a period of time, also known as blue carbon, and it is investigated that more than half of the circulation and fixation of carbon dioxide on earth is accomplished by the ocean, which can not only store carbon for a long period of time, but also redistribute carbon dioxide, which is the most efficient carbon sequestration.|[0003] The coastal 'blue carbon' ecosystem such as mangrove, seaweed beds and salt marsh is the most dense carbon sink area in biosphere, and has the advantages of high productivity, strong suspension capturing capability, low decomposition rate of organic carbon in seaweed bed sediment and relative stability, so that the coastal 'blue carbon' ecosystem has high sediment carbon burying rate and extremely high carbon fixing capability, wherein the carbon fixing capability of marine living plants is higher than that of all other types of marine ecosystems, and quantitative research on the carbon fixing capability of living plants in the marine 'blue carbon' ecosystem is necessary.|[0004] Aquatic organisms are a collective term for organisms living in various types of water bodies. Including aquatic higher plants. To evaluate the state of ocean carbon sink, quantitative research on aquatic higher plants in the ocean is necessary, so that an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation is provided for evaluating the state of ocean carbon sink for plants.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation, which solves the following technical problems:|how to provide an assessment system capable of assessing the state of a marine carbon sink for plants.|[0006] The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:|an aquatic organism observation based marine carbon sink state assessment system comprising:|the grid detection group is divided according to the distribution area of the target monitoring area;|the monitoring piles are arranged in the grid detection group and are used for monitoring environmental indexes and plant distribution areas in the grid detection group;|the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point;|the processing module predicts a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, obtains a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, and corrects the next sampling time according to the sample distance;|the analysis module is used for judging and comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold, and if the sample distance is not smaller than the preset sample distance threshold, eliminating all sample data in the corresponding grid detection group;|and the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data of which the sample distance is smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data.|[0007] Preferably, the monitoring pile comprises an environmental index monitoring unit and a shooting unit, wherein the environmental index monitoring unit is used for acquiring environmental indexes, and the shooting unit is used for acquiring plant distribution areas.|[0008] Preferably, the process of predicting the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample comprises the following steps:|establishing a measured data set of the plant measured sample according to the plant measured sample obtained periodically;|analyzing and fitting according to the actual measurement data set to obtain a rule function of each sample parameter changing along with time;|and obtaining a prediction data set of the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to a regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time.|[0009] Preferably, the process of obtaining a sample distance between two samples from the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample comprises:|by the formula:|calculating a sample distance between the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample;|Wherein,for the number of items of the sample parameter, +.>,Is->Weight coefficient of term sample parameter, +.>Is->Application coefficients of the term sample parameters, +.>Is->Predicted value of item sample parameter +.>Is->The current value of the item sample parameter.|[0010] Preferably, the process of correcting the next sampling time according to the sample distance includes:|by the formula:|calculate the next sampling time interval;|Wherein,for the initial sampling time interval, +.>Is a time distance correction function.|[0011] Preferably, the process of comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold comprises:|sample distance between the plant prediction sample and the current plant sampleAnd corresponding threshold condition->And (3) performing comparison:|if it isJudging that the current plant sample is abnormal;|otherwise, judging that the current plant sample is normal, and according to the corrected sampling time intervalThe next sampling is performed.|[0012] Preferably, the process of obtaining all current plant sample data with the sample distance smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data comprises the following steps:|after preprocessing the current plant sample, measuring the carbon reserves of the current plant sample by adopting an elemental analyzer;|by the formula:|calculating total carbon reserves of plants in target monitoring areas;|Wherein,is->Plant distribution area in the monitoring range of individual monitoring posts, +.>Is->Plant area in sampling range of each monitoring pile, < >>For the initial number of monitoring piles, < > for the initial number of monitoring piles, > for the monitoring of>Predicting a sample distance for the plant from a current plant sampleThe number of monitoring piles greater than the corresponding threshold condition,/->Is->The carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the piles are monitored.|[0013] Preferably, the firstThe carbon reserve calculation process of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles comprises the following steps:|by the formula:|calculate the firstMonitoring carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the piles;|wherein,as a function of ambient carbon reserves;Is an environmental index.|[0014] The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation, grid detection groups are divided according to the distribution area of a target monitoring area, then a plurality of monitoring piles are arranged in each grid detection group, environmental indexes and plant distribution areas of the monitoring pile areas are monitored through the monitoring piles, so that the carbon reserves of plants in a single monitoring pile sampling range are calculated, and then the total carbon reserves of plants in the target monitoring area are calculated through the carbon reserves of the plants in the single monitoring pile sampling range, so that the plants in the target monitoring area are sampled to obtain the carbon sink state of the target monitoring area;|meanwhile, a plant actual measurement sample is periodically obtained before a current sampling time point, a current plant sample is collected at the current sampling time point, a plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point is obtained according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, a sample distance between two samples is obtained according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, whether the current plant sample is qualified or not can be judged through the sample distance between the two samples, when the sample distance is smaller than a preset sample distance threshold value, the current plant sample is qualified, the current plant sample can be used as a sample for carbon sink state evaluation, otherwise, the environment or the plant and the like in a current plant sample area can be damaged or polluted, all sample data in a corresponding grid detection group are removed, and the carbon sink state evaluation data of the target monitoring area are not made, so that the accuracy of the carbon sink state evaluation is improved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0015] The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0016] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system module connection according to the present invention.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0017] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0018] Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is a marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation, comprising:|the grid detection group is divided according to the distribution area of the target monitoring area;|the monitoring piles are arranged in the grid detection group and are used for monitoring environmental indexes and plant distribution areas in the grid detection group;|the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point;|the processing module predicts a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, obtains a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, and corrects the next sampling time according to the sample distance;|the analysis module is used for judging and comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold value, and eliminating all sample data in the corresponding grid detection group if the sample distance is not smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value;|the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data with the sample distance smaller than a preset sample distance threshold value, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data.|[0019] According to the technical scheme, the grid detection groups are divided according to the distribution area of the target monitoring area, the dividing method is mainly used for acquiring image data of the target monitoring area through remote sensing monitoring, acquiring the image data of the target monitoring area after pretreatment through radiation correction, geometric correction, atmosphere correction, cloud removal and image standardization, dividing the grid detection groups according to the plant distribution area in the image data, arranging a plurality of monitoring piles in each grid detection group, monitoring the environmental index and the plant distribution area of the monitoring pile area through the monitoring piles, calculating the carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the single monitoring pile, and calculating the total carbon reserves of the plants in the target monitoring area through the carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the single monitoring pile, so as to sample the plants in the target monitoring area to acquire the carbon sink state of the target monitoring area; meanwhile, a plant actual measurement sample is periodically obtained before a current sampling time point, a current plant sample collected at the current sampling time point is predicted to obtain a plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, a sample distance between two samples is obtained according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, whether the current plant sample is qualified or not can be judged through the sample distance between the two samples, when the sample distance is smaller than a preset sample distance threshold value, the current plant sample is qualified, the current plant sample can be used as a sample for carrying out carbon sink state evaluation, otherwise, the environment or plants and the like in a current plant sample area can be damaged or polluted, all sample data in a corresponding grid detection group are removed, and the carbon sink state evaluation data of the target monitoring area are not carried out, so that the accuracy of carbon sink state evaluation is improved, the distribution area of plants can be changed along with the change of growth conditions, the carbon reserves of the plants can be calculated according to the plant distribution area through remote sensing monitoring and monitoring piles in real time, the carbon reserves of the plants can be calculated at different time points, and the carbon sink state evaluation efficiency of the plants can be carried out at different time points.|[0020] The monitoring stake includes environmental index monitoring unit and camera shooting unit, and environmental index monitoring unit is used for obtaining environmental index, and camera shooting unit is used for obtaining plant distribution area.|[0021] Through the technical scheme, the environment index is obtained through the environment index monitoring unit, the environment index comprises but is not limited to water temperature, salinity, PH value and the like, and the plant distribution area of the monitoring pile area is obtained through the camera unit.|[0022] The process for predicting and obtaining the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample comprises the following steps:|establishing an actual measurement data set of the plant actual measurement sample according to the plant actual measurement sample obtained periodically;|analyzing and fitting according to the actual measurement data set to obtain a rule function of each sample parameter changing along with time;|and obtaining a prediction data set of the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to a regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time.|[0023] Through the above technical scheme, the present embodiment provides a method for predicting a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point according to an obtained plant actual measurement sample, specifically, an actual measurement data set of the plant actual measurement sample is established according to a plant actual measurement sample obtained periodically; analyzing and fitting according to the actual measurement data set to obtain a rule function of each sample parameter changing along with time; according to the regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time, a prediction data set of a plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point is obtained, the plant prediction sample can be obtained through the prediction data set, and the regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time is obtained through the prior art without requirement.|[0024] The process of obtaining a sample distance between two samples from a plant prediction sample and a current plant sample includes:|by the formula:|calculating a sample distance between a plant prediction sample and a current plant sample ;|Wherein,for the number of items of the sample parameter, +.>,Is->Weight coefficient of term sample parameter, +.>Is the firstApplication coefficients of the term sample parameters, +.>Is->Predicted value of item sample parameter +.>Is->The current value of the item sample parameter.|[0025] Through the above technical solution, the present embodiment provides a method for obtaining a sample distance between two samples according to a plant prediction sample and a current plant sample, specifically, by a formulaObtained by the method, wherein,For the number of items of the sample parameter, +.>,Is->The weighting coefficients of the term sample parameters,is->Application coefficients of the term sample parameters, +.>Is->Predicted value of item sample parameter +.>Is->Current value of the sample parameter, weighting coefficient of the sample parameter +.>Fitting according to experimental data.|[0026] The process of correcting the next sampling time according to the sample distance comprises the following steps:|by the formula:|calculate the next sampling time interval;|Wherein,for the initial sampling time interval, +.>Is a time distance correction function.|[0027] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a method for correcting the next sampling time according to the sample distance, specifically by a formulaCalculate the next sampling time interval +.>;|Wherein,for the initial sampling time interval, +.>The method is a time distance correction function, so that the next sampling time is corrected according to the sample distance, the accuracy of the collected sample is improved, the sampling precision is improved, and the carbon sink of the ocean is periodically evaluated in the modeAnd the state improves the evaluation efficiency of the carbon sink state.|[0028] It should be noted that the initial sampling time intervalFitting according to the rule function and experimental data to obtain +.>Fitting according to experimental data.|[0029] The process of judging and comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold comprises the following steps:|sample distance between plant prediction sample and current plant sampleAnd corresponding threshold condition->And (3) performing comparison:|if it isJudging that the current plant sample is abnormal;|otherwise, judging that the current plant sample is normal, and according to the corrected sampling time intervalThe next sampling is performed.|[0030] Through the above technical solution, the present embodiment provides a method for comparing a sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold, specifically, comparing a sample distance between a plant prediction sample and a current plant sampleAnd corresponding threshold condition->And (3) performing comparison: if->Description of the Environment or plant within the current plant sample areaIf the current plant sample is possibly damaged or polluted, judging that the current plant sample is abnormal; otherwise, judging that the current plant sample is normal, and according to the corrected sampling time interval +.>And the next sampling is carried out, so that the sampling period is accurately sampled according to the sample distance, the sampling time can be accurately adjusted according to the growth condition or seasonal variation of plants, and the accuracy of carbon sink evaluation is improved.|[0031] The process for acquiring all current plant sample data with the sample distance smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data comprises the following steps:|after preprocessing the current plant sample, measuring the carbon reserves of the current plant sample by adopting an elemental analyzer;|by the formula:|calculating total carbon reserves of plants in target monitoring areas;|Wherein,is->Plant distribution area in the monitoring range of individual monitoring posts, +.>Is->Plant area in sampling range of each monitoring pile, < >>To monitor the initial number of piles +.>Predicting sample distance for a plant from a current plant sampleThe number of monitoring piles greater than the corresponding threshold condition,/->Is->The carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the piles are monitored.|[0032] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment provides a method for evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of a target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data, specifically, after preprocessing the current plant sample, measuring the carbon reserves of the current plant sample by adopting an element analyzer; the pretreatment comprises the following steps: dividing a plant sample into four parts of roots, rhizomes, upright stems and leaves, respectively filling the four parts into aluminum foil bags, drying the plant sample at a constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ to constant weight, weighing the dried sample, crushing and grinding the dried sample, measuring the organic carbon content of the dried sample by using an elemental analyzer to obtain the carbon reserves of the plant in the sampling range of a single monitoring pile, and then, carrying out the following steps:calculating the total carbon reserve of the plants in the target monitoring area +.>Wherein->Is->Plant distribution area in the monitoring range of individual monitoring posts, +.>Is->Plant area in sampling range of each monitoring pile, < >>To monitor the initial number of piles +.>Sample distance for plant prediction sample and current plant sample +.>The number of monitoring piles greater than the corresponding threshold condition,/->Is->The carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles can be calculated according to the plant distribution area, and then the carbon sink state of the target monitoring area can be estimated according to the carbon reserves.|[0033] It should be noted that the initial number of piles is monitoredAccording to the plant distribution area of remote sensing monitoring, the monitoring stake can monitor the plants in the area without omission.|[0034] First, theThe carbon reserve calculation process of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles comprises the following steps:|by the formula:|calculate the firstMonitoring carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the piles;|wherein,as a function of ambient carbon reserves;Is an environmental index.|[0035] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a first embodimentThe carbon reserve calculation method of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles comprises the following steps of:Calculate->Monitoring carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the piles; wherein (1)>As a function of ambient carbon reserves;And calculating the total carbon reserves of the plants in the target monitoring area by using the carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the single monitoring pile as an environmental index, so as to evaluate the carbon sink state of the target monitoring area.|[0036] The environmental index data is obtained according to each sensor on the pile, and the environmental carbon reserve functionFitting according to experimental data.|[0037] The foregoing describes one embodiment of the present invention in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention. | (CN117114453)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sink, in particular to an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean carbon sequestration refers to a process and mechanism of absorbing and solidifying carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with the ocean as a specific carrier, refers to the ability or capacity of ocean carbon storage for a period of time, also known as blue carbon, and it is investigated that more than half of the circulation and fixation of carbon dioxide on earth is accomplished by the ocean, which can not only store carbon for a long period of time, but also redistribute carbon dioxide, which is the most efficient carbon sequestration.|[0003] The coastal 'blue carbon' ecosystem such as mangrove, seaweed beds and salt marsh is the most dense carbon sink area in biosphere, and has the advantages of high productivity, strong suspension capturing capability, low decomposition rate of organic carbon in seaweed bed sediment and relative stability, so that the coastal 'blue carbon' ecosystem has high sediment carbon burying rate and extremely high carbon fixing capability, wherein the carbon fixing capability of marine living plants is higher than that of all other types of marine ecosystems, and quantitative research on the carbon fixing capability of living plants in the marine 'blue carbon' ecosystem is necessary.|[0004] Aquatic organisms are a collective term for organisms living in various types of water bodies. Including aquatic higher plants. To evaluate the state of ocean carbon sink, quantitative research on aquatic higher plants in the ocean is necessary, so that an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation is provided for evaluating the state of ocean carbon sink for plants.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide an ocean carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation, which solves the following technical problems:|how to provide an assessment system capable of assessing the state of a marine carbon sink for plants.|[0006] The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:|an aquatic organism observation based marine carbon sink state assessment system comprising:|the grid detection group is divided according to the distribution area of the target monitoring area;|the monitoring piles are arranged in the grid detection group and are used for monitoring environmental indexes and plant distribution areas in the grid detection group;|the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point;|the processing module predicts a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, obtains a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, and corrects the next sampling time according to the sample distance;|the analysis module is used for judging and comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold, and if the sample distance is not smaller than the preset sample distance threshold, eliminating all sample data in the corresponding grid detection group;|and the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data of which the sample distance is smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data.|[0007] Preferably, the monitoring pile comprises an environmental index monitoring unit and a shooting unit, wherein the environmental index monitoring unit is used for acquiring environmental indexes, and the shooting unit is used for acquiring plant distribution areas.|[0008] Preferably, the process of predicting the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample comprises the following steps:|establishing a measured data set of the plant measured sample according to the plant measured sample obtained periodically;|analyzing and fitting according to the actual measurement data set to obtain a rule function of each sample parameter changing along with time;|and obtaining a prediction data set of the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to a regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time.|[0009] Preferably, the process of obtaining a sample distance between two samples from the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample comprises:|by the formula:|calculating a sample distance between the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample;|Wherein,for the number of items of the sample parameter, +.>,Is->Weight coefficient of term sample parameter, +.>Is->Application coefficients of the term sample parameters, +.>Is->Predicted value of item sample parameter +.>Is->The current value of the item sample parameter.|[0010] Preferably, the process of correcting the next sampling time according to the sample distance includes:|by the formula:|calculate the next sampling time interval;|Wherein,for the initial sampling time interval, +.>Is a time distance correction function.|[0011] Preferably, the process of comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold comprises:|sample distance between the plant prediction sample and the current plant sampleAnd corresponding threshold condition->And (3) performing comparison:|if it isJudging that the current plant sample is abnormal;|otherwise, judging that the current plant sample is normal, and according to the corrected sampling time intervalThe next sampling is performed.|[0012] Preferably, the process of obtaining all current plant sample data with the sample distance smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data comprises the following steps:|after preprocessing the current plant sample, measuring the carbon reserves of the current plant sample by adopting an elemental analyzer;|by the formula:|calculating total carbon reserves of plants in target monitoring areas;|Wherein,is->Plant distribution area in the monitoring range of individual monitoring posts, +.>Is->Plant area in sampling range of each monitoring pile, < >>For the initial number of monitoring piles, < > for the initial number of monitoring piles, > for the monitoring of>Predicting a sample distance for the plant from a current plant sampleThe number of monitoring piles greater than the corresponding threshold condition,/->Is->The carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the piles are monitored.|[0013] Preferably, the firstThe carbon reserve calculation process of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles comprises the following steps:|by the formula:|calculate the firstMonitoring carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the piles;|wherein,as a function of ambient carbon reserves;Is an environmental index.|[0014] The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation, grid detection groups are divided according to the distribution area of a target monitoring area, then a plurality of monitoring piles are arranged in each grid detection group, environmental indexes and plant distribution areas of the monitoring pile areas are monitored through the monitoring piles, so that the carbon reserves of plants in a single monitoring pile sampling range are calculated, and then the total carbon reserves of plants in the target monitoring area are calculated through the carbon reserves of the plants in the single monitoring pile sampling range, so that the plants in the target monitoring area are sampled to obtain the carbon sink state of the target monitoring area;|meanwhile, a plant actual measurement sample is periodically obtained before a current sampling time point, a current plant sample is collected at the current sampling time point, a plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point is obtained according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, a sample distance between two samples is obtained according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, whether the current plant sample is qualified or not can be judged through the sample distance between the two samples, when the sample distance is smaller than a preset sample distance threshold value, the current plant sample is qualified, the current plant sample can be used as a sample for carbon sink state evaluation, otherwise, the environment or the plant and the like in a current plant sample area can be damaged or polluted, all sample data in a corresponding grid detection group are removed, and the carbon sink state evaluation data of the target monitoring area are not made, so that the accuracy of the carbon sink state evaluation is improved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0015] The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.|[0016] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system module connection according to the present invention.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0017] The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.|[0018] Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is a marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation, comprising:|the grid detection group is divided according to the distribution area of the target monitoring area;|the monitoring piles are arranged in the grid detection group and are used for monitoring environmental indexes and plant distribution areas in the grid detection group;|the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point;|the processing module predicts a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, obtains a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, and corrects the next sampling time according to the sample distance;|the analysis module is used for judging and comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold value, and eliminating all sample data in the corresponding grid detection group if the sample distance is not smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value;|the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data with the sample distance smaller than a preset sample distance threshold value, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data.|[0019] According to the technical scheme, the grid detection groups are divided according to the distribution area of the target monitoring area, the dividing method is mainly used for acquiring image data of the target monitoring area through remote sensing monitoring, acquiring the image data of the target monitoring area after pretreatment through radiation correction, geometric correction, atmosphere correction, cloud removal and image standardization, dividing the grid detection groups according to the plant distribution area in the image data, arranging a plurality of monitoring piles in each grid detection group, monitoring the environmental index and the plant distribution area of the monitoring pile area through the monitoring piles, calculating the carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the single monitoring pile, and calculating the total carbon reserves of the plants in the target monitoring area through the carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the single monitoring pile, so as to sample the plants in the target monitoring area to acquire the carbon sink state of the target monitoring area; meanwhile, a plant actual measurement sample is periodically obtained before a current sampling time point, a current plant sample collected at the current sampling time point is predicted to obtain a plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample, a sample distance between two samples is obtained according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample, whether the current plant sample is qualified or not can be judged through the sample distance between the two samples, when the sample distance is smaller than a preset sample distance threshold value, the current plant sample is qualified, the current plant sample can be used as a sample for carrying out carbon sink state evaluation, otherwise, the environment or plants and the like in a current plant sample area can be damaged or polluted, all sample data in a corresponding grid detection group are removed, and the carbon sink state evaluation data of the target monitoring area are not carried out, so that the accuracy of carbon sink state evaluation is improved, the distribution area of plants can be changed along with the change of growth conditions, the carbon reserves of the plants can be calculated according to the plant distribution area through remote sensing monitoring and monitoring piles in real time, the carbon reserves of the plants can be calculated at different time points, and the carbon sink state evaluation efficiency of the plants can be carried out at different time points.|[0020] The monitoring stake includes environmental index monitoring unit and camera shooting unit, and environmental index monitoring unit is used for obtaining environmental index, and camera shooting unit is used for obtaining plant distribution area.|[0021] Through the technical scheme, the environment index is obtained through the environment index monitoring unit, the environment index comprises but is not limited to water temperature, salinity, PH value and the like, and the plant distribution area of the monitoring pile area is obtained through the camera unit.|[0022] The process for predicting and obtaining the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to the obtained plant actual measurement sample comprises the following steps:|establishing an actual measurement data set of the plant actual measurement sample according to the plant actual measurement sample obtained periodically;|analyzing and fitting according to the actual measurement data set to obtain a rule function of each sample parameter changing along with time;|and obtaining a prediction data set of the plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point according to a regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time.|[0023] Through the above technical scheme, the present embodiment provides a method for predicting a plant prediction sample at a current sampling time point according to an obtained plant actual measurement sample, specifically, an actual measurement data set of the plant actual measurement sample is established according to a plant actual measurement sample obtained periodically; analyzing and fitting according to the actual measurement data set to obtain a rule function of each sample parameter changing along with time; according to the regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time, a prediction data set of a plant prediction sample at the current sampling time point is obtained, the plant prediction sample can be obtained through the prediction data set, and the regular function of each sample parameter changing along with time is obtained through the prior art without requirement.|[0024] The process of obtaining a sample distance between two samples from a plant prediction sample and a current plant sample includes:|by the formula:|calculating a sample distance between a plant prediction sample and a current plant sample ;|Wherein,for the number of items of the sample parameter, +.>,Is->Weight coefficient of term sample parameter, +.>Is the firstApplication coefficients of the term sample parameters, +.>Is->Predicted value of item sample parameter +.>Is->The current value of the item sample parameter.|[0025] Through the above technical solution, the present embodiment provides a method for obtaining a sample distance between two samples according to a plant prediction sample and a current plant sample, specifically, by a formulaObtained by the method, wherein,For the number of items of the sample parameter, +.>,Is->The weighting coefficients of the term sample parameters,is->Application coefficients of the term sample parameters, +.>Is->Predicted value of item sample parameter +.>Is->Current value of the sample parameter, weighting coefficient of the sample parameter +.>Fitting according to experimental data.|[0026] The process of correcting the next sampling time according to the sample distance comprises the following steps:|by the formula:|calculate the next sampling time interval;|Wherein,for the initial sampling time interval, +.>Is a time distance correction function.|[0027] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a method for correcting the next sampling time according to the sample distance, specifically by a formulaCalculate the next sampling time interval +.>;|Wherein,for the initial sampling time interval, +.>The method is a time distance correction function, so that the next sampling time is corrected according to the sample distance, the accuracy of the collected sample is improved, the sampling precision is improved, and the carbon sink of the ocean is periodically evaluated in the modeAnd the state improves the evaluation efficiency of the carbon sink state.|[0028] It should be noted that the initial sampling time intervalFitting according to the rule function and experimental data to obtain +.>Fitting according to experimental data.|[0029] The process of judging and comparing the sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold comprises the following steps:|sample distance between plant prediction sample and current plant sampleAnd corresponding threshold condition->And (3) performing comparison:|if it isJudging that the current plant sample is abnormal;|otherwise, judging that the current plant sample is normal, and according to the corrected sampling time intervalThe next sampling is performed.|[0030] Through the above technical solution, the present embodiment provides a method for comparing a sample distance with a preset sample distance threshold, specifically, comparing a sample distance between a plant prediction sample and a current plant sampleAnd corresponding threshold condition->And (3) performing comparison: if->Description of the Environment or plant within the current plant sample areaIf the current plant sample is possibly damaged or polluted, judging that the current plant sample is abnormal; otherwise, judging that the current plant sample is normal, and according to the corrected sampling time interval +.>And the next sampling is carried out, so that the sampling period is accurately sampled according to the sample distance, the sampling time can be accurately adjusted according to the growth condition or seasonal variation of plants, and the accuracy of carbon sink evaluation is improved.|[0031] The process for acquiring all current plant sample data with the sample distance smaller than the preset sample distance threshold value and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data comprises the following steps:|after preprocessing the current plant sample, measuring the carbon reserves of the current plant sample by adopting an elemental analyzer;|by the formula:|calculating total carbon reserves of plants in target monitoring areas;|Wherein,is->Plant distribution area in the monitoring range of individual monitoring posts, +.>Is->Plant area in sampling range of each monitoring pile, < >>To monitor the initial number of piles +.>Predicting sample distance for a plant from a current plant sampleThe number of monitoring piles greater than the corresponding threshold condition,/->Is->The carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the piles are monitored.|[0032] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment provides a method for evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of a target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data, specifically, after preprocessing the current plant sample, measuring the carbon reserves of the current plant sample by adopting an element analyzer; the pretreatment comprises the following steps: dividing a plant sample into four parts of roots, rhizomes, upright stems and leaves, respectively filling the four parts into aluminum foil bags, drying the plant sample at a constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ to constant weight, weighing the dried sample, crushing and grinding the dried sample, measuring the organic carbon content of the dried sample by using an elemental analyzer to obtain the carbon reserves of the plant in the sampling range of a single monitoring pile, and then, carrying out the following steps:calculating the total carbon reserve of the plants in the target monitoring area +.>Wherein->Is->Plant distribution area in the monitoring range of individual monitoring posts, +.>Is->Plant area in sampling range of each monitoring pile, < >>To monitor the initial number of piles +.>Sample distance for plant prediction sample and current plant sample +.>The number of monitoring piles greater than the corresponding threshold condition,/->Is->The carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles can be calculated according to the plant distribution area, and then the carbon sink state of the target monitoring area can be estimated according to the carbon reserves.|[0033] It should be noted that the initial number of piles is monitoredAccording to the plant distribution area of remote sensing monitoring, the monitoring stake can monitor the plants in the area without omission.|[0034] First, theThe carbon reserve calculation process of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles comprises the following steps:|by the formula:|calculate the firstMonitoring carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the piles;|wherein,as a function of ambient carbon reserves;Is an environmental index.|[0035] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a first embodimentThe carbon reserve calculation method of the plants in the sampling range of the monitoring piles comprises the following steps of:Calculate->Monitoring carbon reserves of plants in the sampling range of the piles; wherein (1)>As a function of ambient carbon reserves;And calculating the total carbon reserves of the plants in the target monitoring area by using the carbon reserves of the plants in the sampling range of the single monitoring pile as an environmental index, so as to evaluate the carbon sink state of the target monitoring area.|[0036] The environmental index data is obtained according to each sensor on the pile, and the environmental carbon reserve functionFitting according to experimental data.|[0037] The foregoing describes one embodiment of the present invention in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention. | Family Number|(107434976)|107434976|Abstract|(CN117114453 A)|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration , and provides a marine carbon sequestration state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation for evaluating the marine carbon sequestration state of aquatic plants due to the fact that the carbon sequestration capacity of marine plants is higher than that of all other types of marine ecosystems and the aquatic organisms comprise aquatic plants . The marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation comprises a grid detection group ; a plurality of monitoring piles ; the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point ; the processing module is used for obtaining a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample ; an analysis module ; and the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data of which the sample distance is smaller than the preset sample distance threshold , and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data . | | IT methods for management | G06Q-010/06/37|G06Q-050/26 | G06Q-010/06/37|G06Q-050/26 | G06Q-010/0637|G06Q-050/26 | G06Q-010/0637|G06Q-050/26 | CN119151566|CN117314020B | CN119151566 112638772 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117314020B 107951755 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y | CN116429988|CN105677770|CN116773516|CN116485263 | CN116429988 105750297 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN105677770 73316648 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN116773516 106557551 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A CAT=Y|CN116485263 105848149 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN116429988; CN116485263; CN116773516; CN105677770 | REVOKED | (CN117114453)|REVOKED | DEAD | (CN117114453)|DEAD | (CN117114453)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN117114453|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-03-21|Legal state=DEAD|Status=REVOKED|Event publication date=2023-10-24|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202311377992|Application date=2023-10-24|Standardized application number=2023CN-1377992|Event publication date=2023-11-24|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN117114453|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-11-24|Standardized publication number=CN117114453|Event publication date=2023-11-24|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-12-12|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2025-03-21|Event code=CN/RJ01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Rejection of an application after its publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoTRk7lNFVQtdVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000070485088&ekey=2146&xpn=CN117114453&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=2INS%252BBa71s5fufeJ1ThdD5NXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN117114453)|CN | (CN117114453)|NAME=SOUTH CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RES INSTITUTE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT EMERGENCY RES INSTITUTE OF EC , COUNTRY=CN | (CN117114453)|NAME=XIAO XIANGLI;GUANGDONG NORTH AND SOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY OFFICE (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=44918 | (CN117114453)|NAME=LIANG DIWEN|NAME=LI YU|NAME=LIANG MINGYI|NAME=DONG JIAHUA|NAME=CHEN CHEN|NAME=YE ZHEN|NAME=SUN SHUANGSHUANG|NAME=HUANG CHUNRONG|NAME=LUO HAILIN | Titre: (CN117114453)|Marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation Résumé: (CN117114453)|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration, and provides a marine carbon sequestration state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation for evaluating the marine carbon sequestration state of aquatic plants due to the fact that the carbon sequestration capacity of marine plants is higher than that of all other types of marine ecosystems and the aquatic organisms comprise aquatic plants. The marine carbon sink state evaluation system based on aquatic organism observation comprises a grid detection group; a plurality of monitoring piles; the sampling module is used for collecting a current plant sample at a current sampling time point in the grid detection group and periodically obtaining a plant actual measurement sample before the current sampling time point; the processing module is used for obtaining a sample distance between the two samples according to the plant prediction sample and the current plant sample; an analysis module; and the evaluation module is used for acquiring all current plant sample data of which the sample distance is smaller than the preset sample distance threshold, and evaluating the ocean carbon sink state of the target monitoring area according to the current plant sample data. | 67.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on evaluating the carbon sequestration state of aquatic plants rather than on stimulating phytoplankton growth or iron fertilization. | 4.0 | 2.0 | (CN117114453)|1 | (CN117114453)|7 | (CN117114453)|8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN117114453)|1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN117114453)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-11-24|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-4702|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11| | (CN117114453)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN117114453)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 77 | CN201911210495 | CN201911210495 | CN111321699|CN111321699 | 89382333 | CN111321699 B 2021-07-13 [CN111321699B]|CN111321699 A 2020-06-23 [CN111321699] | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | 2021-07-13|2020-06-23 | (CN111321699B)|2021-07-13 | (CN111321699)|2039-12-02 | (CN111321699)|Construction method of marine ecological engineering of waste concrete | (CN111321699)|The invention relates to an ecological breakwater technology, in particular to a waste concrete marine ecological engineering construction method, and belongs to the field of marine ecological engineering. The method comprises the steps that (1) the sea area where a breakwater is built is investigated; (2) a concrete attachment substrate is prepared; (3) seed oysters are collected quantitatively and farmed; (4) the surface of a waste concrete block is treated; (5) the waste concrete block is placed; (6) the oyster attachment substrate is placed on site; and (7) larva attachment monitoring andmanagement are performed. According to the method, blocks of building waste generated by buildings, infrastructures, etc. are utilized to build marine ecological breakwaters, the waste concrete can befully utilized in accordance with the characteristics of recycling and energy saving of the waste, the oyster attachment substrate can be further induced to grow, the water body is purified, shore-line erosion is prevented, biodiversity is maintained, carbon sequestration is achieved, ocean acidification is slowed down, and an ecological restoration ability is achieved. | (CN111321699)|HARBIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY ([CN])|(CN111321699)|HARBIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY ([CN]) | LÜ JIANFU|XU FEI|CAO ZHENZHEN | (CN111321699)|LÜ JIANFU|XU FEI|CAO ZHENZHEN|(CN111321699)|LÜ JIANFU|XU FEI|CAO ZHENZHEN | (CN111321699)|At present, with the great application of concrete in ocean engineering, particularly recent oyster reef repair engineering and the like, the concrete becomes a substrate material which is most commonly attached by marine periphyton.|The rough surface provides better tactile stimulation for the crawling and attachment of oyster and barnacle larvae so as to help the larvae to stay on the substrate; the presence of cracks and pits can protect the larvae from predators; and a larger area, and potentially a richer, diverse microbial environment than a smooth surface.|At present, the research on the influence of the color of the substrate on the adhesion of marine periphyton larvae is limited to organic polymer plates such as plastic plates and polyethylene plates, asbestos plates and the like.|However, some studies have shown that coarseness has no significant effect on attachment metamorphosis of larvae.|There are also studies on the influence of these causes on oyster attachment, mainly as follows:| | (CN111321699)|1. A construction method of marine ecological engineering of waste concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps:(1) surveying the sea area of the bulwark building position: investigating the dominant species of the oysters in the sea area and whether the oysters are attached, and performing temperature, seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, precipitation and precipitation on the sea area in different seasons,Active phosphates, active silicates, Ca2+,Zn2+,K+Carrying out investigation, and carrying out investigation on the typhoon frequency and strength in the past year;(2) preparing a concrete adhesive base: manufacturing a lightweight concrete oyster attaching base with a rough surface, wherein the shape of the lightweight concrete oyster attaching base is one of a plate-shaped attaching base, a wave-shaped attaching base and a cylindrical attaching base;(3) quantitatively collecting and breeding oyster seedlings: in the local sea area, the floating larvae of the oysters are intensively attached and metamorphosis, and the attaching base is placed in a fry collecting area of the nearby sea area, when the attaching amount of the larvae of the oysters is 15-25 per 100cm2Stopping seedling collection; then moving the fish to a sea area with rich baits for floating culture;(4) surface treatment of waste concrete blocks: evaluating the alkalinity, the internal ion concentration and the permeability of the waste concrete, if the pH value is more than 12.5, carrying out alkalinity reduction treatment, and then spraying or brushing an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with high bonding strength and high oyster adhesion induction on the surface of the waste concrete block;(5) placing the waste concrete blocks: in the local sea area oyster planktonic larvae settlement metamorphosis period of the second year, a scattered placement method is adopted, waste concrete blocks with the volume of more than 1 cubic meter are placed singly, and each waste concrete block is covered by a rope; covering a plurality of waste concrete blocks with the volume of less than 1 cubic meter by using ropes to form a waste concrete block pile with the volume of 1-5 cubic meters, wherein the internal void ratio is 40-60%; the waste concrete blocks and the waste concrete block piles are connected by ropes;(6) placing the oyster attaching base on site: transporting the oyster base with the gonad development stage of the oysters in the step (3) as the mature stage to a sea area for constructing a breakwater, placing 1-2 oyster attaching bases on each monomer waste concrete block or waste concrete block pile, and fixing the waste concrete blocks or waste concrete block piles by adopting ropes; feeding baits or placing nutrient salts of the baits when necessary according to the plankton condition of the local sea area;(7) monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment condition of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete, and determining the attachment condition of oyster larvae to be 30-40/100 cm2In the process, the oyster attaching base is removed, the ecological condition of the breakwater is monitored for a long time, and improvement measures are provided according to the actual condition;the oyster attaching base is characterized in that: the special biological calcium fertilizer is prepared from a cementing material, a light coarse aggregate, a light fine aggregate, water, a dark color pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, a short-cut fiber and a superplasticizer, wherein the cementing material, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water, the dark color pigment, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements, the short-cut fiber and the superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 21.8% -34.5%, 24.6% -37.5%, 15.8% -29.6%, 8.4% -16.4%, 0.6-3.0%, 0.4% -2.0%, 0.2% -1.8%, 0.15% -1.5% and 0.03% -0.18%;the raw materials of the oyster attaching base comprise the following dark color pigments: one or two of iron oxide black, aniline black, carbon black, antimony sulfide, iron oxide red and organic pigment red; according to the influence degree on the performance of concrete, the pigments are modified by adopting one of transparent resin, organic silicon, dimethyl siloxane and super-hydrophobic materials;the biological calcium carbonate powder is prepared by compounding several of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium carbonate powder is 100-1000 meshes; treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating 100-500 mesh bovine bone powder with one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid;the calcium carbonate powder is as follows: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and several of active calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and superfine light calcium carbonate which are processed, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes;the trace elements are as follows: zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus, which can be selected from natural minerals or industrial products, including one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and ferric phosphate, and are modified to realize the slow release of corresponding ions and reduce or eliminate the adverse effect on the performance of concrete; however, nitrogen and phosphorus elements are not selected for eutrophic areas;the cementing material is as follows: one of silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and alkali-activated cementing material which are mixed with mineral admixture; wherein the mineral admixture in the silicate cement doped with the mineral admixture comprises one or more of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash; the sulphoaluminate cement comprises one or two of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, high-strength sulphoaluminate cement and expansion sulphoaluminate cement; the alkali-activated cementing material is one of alkali-activated slag, alkali-activated slag and fly ash;the light coarse aggregate is one or two of crushed light porous basalt with the maximum grain size of less than 20mm and light ceramsite;the light fine aggregate is one or two of crushed zeolite and light ceramic sand, and the particle size of the light fine aggregate is 0.2-5 mm;the chopped fibers are inorganic fibers, have the length of 12-20 mm and comprise several of basalt fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers and carbon fibers;the preparation method comprises the following steps:s1: designing different roughness according to the characteristics of the oyster larvae which favor to attach to the rough surface, and then manufacturing forming templates with different roughness;s2: weighing a cementing material, a light coarse aggregate, a light fine aggregate, water, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, chopped fibers and a superplasticizer;s3: firstly, putting the light coarse aggregate and the light fine aggregate into a concrete mixer to be mixed for 0.5-1 minute; then adding a cementing material, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder and trace elements, and continuously stirring for 1-2 minutes; then adding chopped fibers, water and a superplasticizer and stirring for 2-6 minutes; after uniform stirring, pouring and vibrating in a rough die manufactured in S1;s4: immediately placing the concrete sample after the form removal in high-concentration CO2Curing in a curing box for 0.5 to 5 hours, reducing the alkalinity of the cement test piece, and then performing standard curing for 28 d;the cement concrete oyster attaching base with rough surface and good induction effect can be prepared.| | (CN111321699)|(1) the object in the present invention is different from comparative document 2: in comparison document 2, although a layer of cement mortar mixed with ground oyster shells is coated on the surface of concrete, the purpose is mainly achieved by surface bionic property, fish, microorganisms and algae are collected, the number of microorganisms is increased, and the water environment is improved, and oyster is not mentioned.|The invention relates to an ecological wave-lift prevention technology, in particular to a marine ecological engineering construction method of waste concrete, and belongs to the field of marine ecological engineering.| | (CN111321699)|WASTE CONCRETE(100,19)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING(100,9)|CONSTRUCTION(100,5)|WASTE MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING(67,5)|OYSTER LARVA(64,49)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LARVA ADHESION(60,2)|SULPHOALUMINATE CEMENT(59,9)|ECOLOGICAL WAVE LIFT PREVENTION(56,2)|OYSTER FLOATING LARVA(54,3)|OYSTER PLANKTON IC LARVA(54,1)|MINERAL ADMIXTURE(53,17)|LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER(53,5)|EXPANSION SULPHOALUMINATE CEMENT(52,4)|QUICK HARDENING SULPHOALUMINATE CEMENT(52,4)|100CM2STOPPING SEEDLING COLLECTION(52,2)|LARVA ATTACHMENT METAMORPHOSIS(52,1)|PLANKTON IC LARVA(50,2)|CA POWDER(46,36)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LARVA(45,4)|CEMENT CONCRETE OYSTER(45,3)|SHORTCUT FIBER(45,3)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION(44,2)|COLLECTING OYSTER SEEDLING(44,1)|SUPERPLASTICIZER(43,24)|CHOPPED FIBER(43,7)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL BREAKWATER(43,2)|OYSTER ADHESION INDUCTION(43,2)|OYSTER(41,32)|CORAL POWDER(40,9)|DARK COLOR PIGMENT(40,4)|WASTE CONCRETE BLOCK(39,40)|CATION EMULSIFIED ASPHALT(39,1)|MESH BOVINE BONE POWDER(38,5)|OYSTER SEEDLING(37,2)|ANION EMULSIFIED ASPHALT(36,1)|CALCIUM FERTILIZER(36,1)|DIVERSE MICROBIAL ENVIRONMENT(36,1)|TACTILE STIMULATION(36,1)|OYSTER SHELL POWDER(35,18)|BREAKWATER ECOLOGICAL CONDITION(35,2)|FINE LIGHT AGGREGATE(34,33)|SETTLEMENT METAMORPHOSIS PERIOD(33,2)|BOVINE BONE POWDER(32,22)|ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG(32,8)|TRAVERTINE POWDER(32,4)|ETHANE SILOXANE(32,2)|GROUND OYSTER SHELL(32,1)|FISHBONE POWDER(31,4)|ATTACHMENT METAMORPHOSIS(31,1)|ACRYLIC EMULSION(30,18)|OYSTER ATTACHMENT(30,6)|BARNACLE LARVA(30,3)|FLOATING LARVA(30,3)|OYSTER GONAD DEVELOPMENT STAGE(30,2)|DARK PIGMENT(29,11)|INDUCING SESSILE ORGANISM(29,4)|OYSTER DOMINANT SPECIES(29,3)|CRUSHED ZEOLITE(28,3)|OYSTER ATTACHING(28,3)|ROUGH DIE(28,1)|LIGHT COARSE AGGREGATE(27,30)|SILICA FUME(27,29)|MARINE PERIPHYTON(27,11)|MONITORING LARVA ATTACHMENT(27,4)|PRECIPITATION(27,2)|CRUSHED LIGHT POROUS BASALT(26,3)|FLOATING CULTURE(26,2)|MARINE ACIDIFICATION(26,2)|POWDERY SUPERPLASTICIZER(26,2)|ROPE ADOPTION(25,5)|SLAG POWDER(25,5)|SCATTERED PLACEMENT(25,4)|WASTE CONCRETE BLOCK PILE(25,4)|METAMORPHOSIS PERIOD(25,3)|PALM ROPE(25,1)|PHOSPHORUS(24,8)|SILICATE CEMENT(24,8)|ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION(24,4)|ANILINE BLACK(24,2)|FINENESS(23,17)|MESH EGG SHELL(23,4)|SULPHOALUMINATE(23,4)|CEMENT MORTAR(23,3)|CEMENT TEST PIECE ALKALINITY(23,2)|CERAMIC SAND(23,2)|LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER SHAPE(23,2)|TYPHOON FREQUENCY(22,3)|UNIFORM STIRRING(22,1)|ROPE(21,10)|OYSTER LARVA ADHESION(21,8)|EGG SHELL POWDER(21,5)|CONCRETE SAMPLE(21,2)|CONCRETE BLOCK PILE(20,4)|SUPERFINE LIGHT(20,4)|LIGHT POROUS BASALT(20,3)|CURING BOX(20,2)|ECOLOGICAL CONDITION(20,2)|ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION CAPABILITY(20,2)|INORGANIC FIBER(20,2)|PAST YEAR(20,2)|BASALT FIBER ROPE(20,1)|IMPROVEMENT MEASURE(20,1)|INVESTIGATION(20,1)|RIVER SAND(20,1)|PLANKTON(19,8)|CONCRETE ADHESIVE(19,5)|ARAGONITE(19,4)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING FIELD(19,2)|CRAWLING(19,1)|CONCRETE(18,68)|DEBACTEROL(18,6)|LARVA(18,6)|MARINE CONCRETE ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE(18,6)|FISH(18,3)|TRANSPARENT RESIN(18,3)|FRY COLLECTING AREA(18,2)|ASBESTOS PLATE(18,1)|COARSENESS(18,1)|TRACE ELEMENT(17,23)|FLY ASH(17,11)|EGG SHELL(17,10)|DILUTED PHOSPHORIC ACID(17,5)|GONAD DEVELOPMENT STAGE(17,2)|CM2IN(17,1)|FERRIC PHOSPHATE(17,1)|PREDATOR(17,1)|LIMESTONE(16,7)|FISHBONE(16,6)|BULWARK SEA AREA(16,5)|EUTROPHIC AREA(16,4)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(16,4)|WHISKER(16,4)|ORGANIC SILICON(16,2)|ACTIVE SILICATE(15,4)|MARBLE(15,4)|CONCRETE ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF(15,3)|LIGHT CERAMSITE(15,3)|BASALT FIBER(15,2)|EVAPORATION RESIDUE(15,2)|ORGANIC PIGMENT RED(15,2)|CEMENTING MATERIAL(14,38)|BLAST FURNACE SLAG POWDER(14,24)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(14,8)|CHALK(14,4)|COMPARISON DOCUMENT(14,4)|INTERNAL ION(14,4)|MONOMER WASTE CONCRETE BLOCK(14,4)|SEAWATER TEMPERATURE(14,4)|OYSTER REEF(14,3)|NUTRIENT(14,2)|TEMPLATE(14,2)|SEA AREA(13,34)|ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT(13,19)|BREAKWATER(13,12)|METAMORPHOSIS(13,11)|ALKALINITY(13,10)|FERRIC SULFATE(13,5)|OYSTER METAMORPHOSIS(13,4)|STANDARD CURING(13,4)|ANTIMONY SULFIDE(13,3)|MARINE PERIPHYTON INTERSECTION(13,3)|METHANE(13,3)|UNMODIFIED BOVINE BONE MEAL(13,3)|CEMENT TEST PIECE(13,2)|CONCRETE MIXER(13,2)|ECOLOGICAL RIPRAP BREAKWATER(13,2)|OYSTER FRIES CULTIVATION(13,2)|REDUCTION TREATMENT(13,2)|CAUSE INFLUENCE(13,1)|CRACK(13,1)|DARK(13,1)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LARVA METAMORPHOSIS(13,1)|OYSTER RAW MATERIAL(13,1)|WATER ENVIRONMENT(13,1)|POTASSIUM SULFATE(12,4)|DOMINANT SPECIES(12,3)|MICROORGANISM(12,3)|OYSTER LARVA GROWTH(12,3)|CYLINDRICAL ATTACHMENT(12,2)|OYSTER LARVA LATE GROWTH(12,2)|SEA AREA OYSTER(12,2)|AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE(11,5)|CALCIUM PHOSPHATE(11,5)|POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE(11,5)|SULFUROUS ACID(11,5)|ZINC PHOSPHATE(11,5)|NATURAL MINERAL(11,4)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL PROJECT(11,3)|COASTAL LINE EROSION(11,2)|ENERGY SAVING(11,2)|POLYETHYLENE PLATE(11,2)|GLASS FIBER ROPE(11,1)|NAPHTHALENE(11,1)|SILICIC ACID(10,5)|ENGINEERING(10,4)|SPRAYING(10,4)|INDUCING OYSTER ADHESION(10,3)|UNMODIFIED DARK PIGMENT(10,3)|ALKALI RESISTANT GLASS FIBER(10,2)|BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY(10,2)|INFLUENCE DEGREE(10,2)|MARINE PERIPHYTON ADHESION(10,2)|RICH(10,2)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF ALKALINITY(10,1)|BACTERIUM ALTEROMONAS CALWELLII(10,1)|MARINE SESSILE ORGANISM LARVA(10,1)|OYSTER LARVA METAMORPHOSIS(10,1)|YACHT WHARVE BEAUTIFUL REQUIREMENT(10,1)|ROTATING SPEED(9,10)|ALKALI ACTIVATED CEMENTING MATERIAL(9,8)|ALGAE(9,6)|ATTACHMENT(9,4)|PH VALUE(9,4)|SEA AREA PROXIMITY(9,4)|ORGANIC PIGMENT(9,3)|CIRCULAR HOLE(9,2)|ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISM THIOBACILLUS(9,1)|MARINE SESSILE ORGANISM CROSSING(9,1)|OCEAN FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM(9,1)|OYSTER EYESPOT LARVA(9,1)|OYSTER LARVA INDUCING ADHESION(9,1)|SESSILE ORGANISM METAMORPHOSIS(9,1)|ACETIC ACID(8,5)|HYDROGEN CHLORIDE(8,5)|SLOW RELEASE(8,5)|HIGH STRENGTH SULPHOALUMINATE CEMENT(8,4)|INTERNAL VOID RATIO(8,4)|LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER ATTACHMENT(8,3)|BIOMASS DIVERSITY(8,2)|CONCRETE IMPERMEABILITY(8,2)|DRIED BOVINE BONE MEAL(8,2)|LIGHTWEIGHT COARSE CONCRETE(8,2)|MARINE PERIPHYTON ATTACHMENT(8,2)|OYSTER LARVA ATTACHMENT DENSITY(8,2)|SUPER HYDROPHOBIC MATERIAL(8,2)|WASTE RECYCLING(8,2)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LARVA ATTACHMENT(8,1)|MARINE SESSILE ORGANISM ADHESION(8,1)|ORGANIC POLYMER(8,1)|OYSTER LARVA PERMEABILITY(8,1)|PLANT ECOLOGICAL FLOATING BREAKWATER(8,1)|SESSILE ORGANISM LARVA GROWTH(8,1)|DIATOMITE(7,11)|PHOSPHORIC ACID(7,9)|MODIFIED DARK COLOR PIGMENT(7,6)|INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT(7,4)|PLASTIC PLATE(7,3)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURES2CURING(7,2)|BIG DISCIPLINE(7,2)|CARBON FIBER(7,2)|CONCRETE DISCIPLINE(7,2)|GLASS FIBER(7,2)|MARINE ORGANISM RESEARCHER(7,2)|OYSTER TOLERANCE(7,2)|TRANSPORTING OYSTER(7,2)|ANIONIC EMULSIFIED ASPHALT(7,1)|BEHAVIORAL PATHWAY NEURON(7,1)|CATIONIC EMULSIFIED ASPHALT(7,1)|CM2STOPPING COLLECTING SEEDLING(7,1)|CRASSOSTREA HONGKONGENSIS LARVA(7,1)|DOPED BOVINE BONE MEAL(7,1)|HIGH CONCENTRATION CO2CURING(7,1)|INDUCING OYSTER LARVA(7,1)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LATE GROWTH(7,1)|SUBSTRATE MATERIAL(7,1)|URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION(7,1)|STIRRER(6,8)|RED FUMING NITRIC ACID(6,5)|BONDING STRENGTH(6,4)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN(6,4)|CEMENT ECOLOGICAL ATTACHMENT BASE(6,3)|GYPSUM POWDER(6,3)|VIBRATION MILL(6,3)|FLY ASH PORTLAND CEMENT(6,2)|IRON II OXIDE RED(6,2)|PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE(6,2)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF MANUFACTURING(6,1)|BREAKWATER DAMAGE COASTAL ECOLOGY(6,1)|BREAKWATER ECOLOGY(6,1)|CRASSOSTREA GIGAS LARVA(6,1)|ECOLOGICAL CONCRETE ENGINEERING(6,1)|EMBEDDING OYSTER SHELL(6,1)|OYSTER INDUCING ADHESION(6,1)|OYSTER LARVA ATTACHMENT CAPABILITY(6,1)|OYSTER SHELL CEMENT(6,1)|SHELLFISH ADHESION INDUCTION(6,1)|POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID WATER REDUCER(5,16)|CALCIUM ION(5,15)|IRON II OXIDE BLACK(5,8)|NITRIC ACID AMMONIUM SALT(5,5)|NITRIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT(5,5)|IRON PHOSPHATE(5,4)|PARTICLE SIZE(5,4)|MAXIMUM GRAIN SIZE(5,3)|SOLUBLE SALT(5,3)|CONCRETE LOOK(5,2)|CONCRETE PARTICLE(5,2)|CONCRETE PORE SOLUTION(5,2)|DOMINANT ROLE(5,2)|FLOATING PLATFORM(5,2)|OYSTER SHELL FRAGMENT(5,2)|QUANTITATIVE COLLECTION(5,2)|ROPE CAGE(5,2)|ALKALINITY SENSITIVE ORGANISM(5,1)|BARNACLE LATE GROWTH(5,1)|BOVINE BONE MEAL MODIFICATION(5,1)|CALCIUM EXCIPIENT INDUCING CAPACITY(5,1)|CALCIUM SUBSTANCE DOPING(5,1)|CARRYING OUT INVESTIGATION(5,1)|CEMENT CONCRETE2CAN(5,1)|COASTAL ECONOMY RAPID DEVELOPMENT(5,1)|COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE(5,1)|CONCRETE ALKALINITY DECREASE(5,1)|CONCRETE SPECIMEN MILDEW FORMATION(5,1)|CONDITION2AND CURING(5,1)|DEBACTEROL CORROSION(5,1)|DEEPLY RESEARCHED ION(5,1)|ECOLOGICAL BREAKWATER(5,1)|ECOLOGICAL DURABILITY(5,1)|EMULSIFYING BITUMEN(5,1)|INDUCING OYSTER ATTACHMENT(5,1)|ION METAMORPHOSIS(5,1)|LARVAL METAMORPHOSIS(5,1)|LATE PARTICIPATION(5,1)|LIGHTWEIGHT FINE AGGREGATE(5,1)|LIVING BREAKWATER(5,1)|MARINE BIOFOULING(5,1)|MARINE DURABILITY(5,1)|NONPHOTOSENSITIVE BEHAVIOR(5,1)|OCEAN CONCRETE ENGINEERING(5,1)|OYSTER ATTACHMENT EXPERIMENT(5,1)|OYSTER INDUCED ADHESION(5,1)|OYSTER REEF REPAIR(5,1)|OYSTER SPECIES(5,1)|POZZOLANIC PORTLAND CEMENT(5,1)|SEA ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(5,1)|SESSILE METAMORPHOSIS(5,1)|SESSILE ORGANISM ATTACHMENT GROWTH(5,1)|SILICA FUME CONCRETE(5,1)|SYDNEY UNIVERSITY(5,1)|ROUGH SURFACE(4,14)|WEIGHT PROPORTION(4,10)|REDUCING AGENT POWDER(4,8)|KNOWLEDGE(4,4)|GRAIN SIZE(4,3)|OCEAN ENGINEERING SURFACE(4,3)|ADHERENCE INDUCTION(4,2)|CARBONATE ION(4,2)|CARRYING OUT ALKALINITY(4,2)|CEMENT COATING(4,2)|CENTRIFUGED SOLID MATTER(4,2)|CENTRIFUGED SOLID SUBSTANCE(4,2)|MARINE BIOLOGY SUBJECT(4,2)|PERFORMANCE INDEX(4,2)|RELEASING BASE(4,2)|UNIFORMLY MIXING MATERIAL(4,2)|YEAR STRENGTH(4,2)|ADOPTING CEMENT(4,1)|COMPOSITE INDUCER(4,1)|CONCRETE ALKALINITY REDUCTION(4,1)|CONCRETE OVERFLOW(4,1)|CONCRETE PERMEABILITY(4,1)|DISSOLUTION PROBABILITY(4,1)|DOPING CALCIUM SUBSTANCE(4,1)|ENRICHING MARINE PLANT(4,1)|FISH COLLECTING(4,1)|FLOATING CULTIVATION(4,1)|FOREIGN COUNTRY(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(4,1)|LARGE AREA(4,1)|LIGHTWEIGHT COARSE AGGREGATE(4,1)|MANGROVE PLANT(4,1)|MELANIN SYNTHESIS(4,1)|OCEAN ENGINEERING ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|OYSTER ATTACHMENT DENSITY(4,1)|OYSTER COMPOUND(4,1)|POLYURETHANE MODIFIED EMULSION(4,1)|POPULATION ESTABLISHMENT(4,1)|SLAG PORTLAND CEMENT(4,1)|NIGROSINE MIXTURE MASS RATIO(3,7)|CEMENT MATERIAL(3,5)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(3,5)|CA CONTENT(3,4)|CONCRETE MEMBER(3,3)|HCO(3,3)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(3,3)|ACID MODIFICATION(3,2)|CENTRIFUGATION(3,2)|CM2REMOVING(3,2)|COLLAGEN(3,2)|DRYING BOX(3,2)|ENOUGH CA(3,2)|GONADAL DEVELOPMENT(3,2)|HOUR2CURING(3,2)|HYDROLOGICAL DATA(3,2)|MACADAM(3,2)|MACROSCOPIC DESIGN(3,2)|QUARTER TEST(3,2)|ROTATION SPEED(3,2)|SEA ADHESION SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM(3,2)|SEEDLING COLLECTION AREA(3,2)|SOLUBILITY(3,2)|SUPERNATANT(3,2)|ATTACHMENT ORGANISM(3,1)|CALCIUM SUBSTANCE INFLUENCE(3,1)|CEMENT PAINT(3,1)|COATING GRADING(3,1)|COATING INDUCTION CAPABILITY(3,1)|COATING MILDEW(3,1)|COLOR SELECTIVITY(3,1)|COMPOSITE GRINDING(3,1)|CONCRETE INFLUENCE(3,1)|CONCRETE PENETRATION(3,1)|DARK COLOR SUBSTANCE(3,1)|DARK CONCRETE(3,1)|DARK SUBSTANCE(3,1)|DOMESTIC RESEARCH(3,1)|EARLY WORKABILITY(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT(3,1)|EXTREME WEATHER UPRIGHT POST(3,1)|FISHERY SCIENCE PROGRESS(3,1)|FOREIGN RESEARCH(3,1)|HUGE INFLUENCE(3,1)|HUNDRED MILLION TON(3,1)|INDUCED BIOMASS(3,1)|INDUCER ABILITY(3,1)|INDUCING SUBSTANCE(3,1)|LIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER ATTACHMENT(3,1)|MARINE ATTACHMENT(3,1)|MARINE PLANT INTERSECTION(3,1)|MARINE REINFORCED CONCRETE(3,1)|MOTHER ROCK(3,1)|NONREFLECTIVE SUBSTRATE(3,1)|OYSTER LIFE(3,1)|PORTLAND CEMENT COMPOSITE(3,1)|REEF DEVELOPMENT(3,1)|RELEVANT REPORT(3,1)|SEA SAND(3,1)|SHELL POWDER(3,1)|SUBSTITUTED AGGREGATE(3,1)|THICK OYSTER REEF(3,1)|TRAVERTINE CONTENT(3,1)|TREATED WASTE CONCRETE(3,1)|VITAL ROLE(3,1)|WEIGHT RATIO(2,17)|PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUTION(2,4)|RAW MATERIAL(2,4)|ALKALIZATION(2,1)|ARTIFICIAL ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION(2,1)|ATTACHED SUBSTRATE(2,1)|ATTACHMENT DECREASE(2,1)|BROKEN ROCK(2,1)|BUILDING GENERATION(2,1)|CALCIUM CARBONATE(2,1)|COLOR PROTECTION(2,1)|CONCRETE MODIFICATION(2,1)|CONCRETE OYSTER ATTACHMENT BASE(2,1)|CONTRAST DOCUMENT(2,1)|DARK ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|EARLY ATTACHMENT(2,1)|EQUIVALENT SUBSTITUTED CEMENT(2,1)|GROOVING MODE(2,1)|HARMFUL ION(2,1)|INDUCED ATTACHMENT(2,1)|INDUCTIVE CAPACITY(2,1)|INORGANIC SALT(2,1)|ION CONTENT(2,1)|ION SPECIES(2,1)|LANDSCAPE(2,1)|LARVA CONTACT PROBABILITY(2,1)|LATE STRENGTH(2,1)|LIGHT CERAMIC SAND(2,1)|METER DISTANCE(2,1)|MINERAL SUBSTITUTED ADMIXTURE(2,1)|MODIFIED BIOLOGICAL CALCIUM(2,1)|NATURAL ENEMY ATTACK(2,1)||(CN111321699)|WASTE CONCRETE(100,18)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING(100,9)|CONSTRUCTION(100,5)|WASTE MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING(77,6)|OYSTER LARVA(63,48)|OYSTER FLOATING LARVA(56,3)|OYSTER PLANKTON IC LARVA(55,1)|100CM2STOPPING SEEDLING COLLECTION(54,2)|PLANKTON IC LARVA(52,2)|OYSTER SEEDLING(50,1)|LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER(48,4)|ECOLOGICAL WAVE LIFT PREVENTION(46,1)|COLLECTING OYSTER SEEDLING(45,1)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL BREAKWATER(44,2)|OYSTER ADHESION INDUCTION(44,2)|MINERAL ADMIXTURE(43,17)|EXPANSION SULPHOALUMINATE CEMENT(41,4)|QUICK HARDENING SULPHOALUMINATE CEMENT(41,4)|WASTE CONCRETE BLOCK(40,40)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION(40,2)|CATION EMULSIFIED ASPHALT(40,1)|CA POWDER(39,36)|ANION EMULSIFIED ASPHALT(37,1)|BREAKWATER ECOLOGICAL CONDITION(36,2)|OYSTER SPECIES(35,2)|SETTLEMENT METAMORPHOSIS PERIOD(34,2)|OYSTER(32,28)|OYSTER SHELL POWDER(32,18)|CORAL POWDER(32,9)|ACRYLIC EMULSION(31,18)|MESH BOVINE BONE POWDER(31,5)|CEMENT CONCRETE OYSTER(31,3)|FLOATING LARVA(31,3)|OYSTER GONAD DEVELOPMENT STAGE(31,2)|INDUCING SESSILE ORGANISM(30,4)|OYSTER ATTACHING(29,3)|OYSTER COMPOUND(29,3)|CHOPPED FIBER(28,7)|MONITORING LARVA ATTACHMENT(28,4)|SHORTCUT FIBER(28,3)|POWDERY SUPERPLASTICIZER(27,2)|ROPE ADOPTION(26,5)|SCATTERED PLACEMENT(26,4)|WASTE CONCRETE BLOCK PILE(26,4)|METAMORPHOSIS PERIOD(26,3)|MARINE ACIDIFICATION(26,2)|PALM ROPE(26,1)|RIVER SAND(26,1)|ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG(25,8)|TRAVERTINE POWDER(25,4)|FINE LIGHT AGGREGATE(24,33)|FISHBONE POWDER(24,4)|FLOATING CULTURE(24,3)|LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER SHAPE(24,2)|ROPE(22,10)|OYSTER LARVA ADHESION(22,8)|ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION(22,4)|TYPHOON FREQUENCY(22,3)|PLANKTON(21,7)|CONCRETE BLOCK PILE(21,4)|ECOLOGICAL CONDITION(21,2)|ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION CAPABILITY(21,2)|ETHANE SILOXANE(21,2)|PAST YEAR(21,2)|CALCIUM FERTILIZER(21,1)|INVESTIGATION(21,1)|LIGHT COARSE AGGREGATE(20,30)|CONCRETE ADHESIVE(20,5)|BASALT FIBER ROPE(20,1)|FINENESS(19,17)|PHOSPHORUS(18,8)|SILICATE CEMENT(18,8)|MARINE CONCRETE ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE(18,6)|MESH EGG SHELL(18,4)|CRUSHED LIGHT POROUS BASALT(18,3)|CRUSHED ZEOLITE(18,3)|FRY COLLECTING AREA(18,2)|GONAD DEVELOPMENT STAGE(18,2)|BULWARK SEA AREA(17,5)|EGG SHELL POWDER(17,5)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(17,4)|ROUGH DIE(17,1)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING FIELD(16,1)|ACTIVE SILICATE(15,4)|SUPERFINE LIGHT(15,4)|CONCRETE ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF(15,3)|ANILINE BLACK(15,2)|EVAPORATION RESIDUE(15,2)|NUTRIENT(15,2)|BLAST FURNACE SLAG POWDER(14,24)|ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT(14,19)|BREAKWATER(14,12)|METAMORPHOSIS(14,11)|ARAGONITE(14,4)|CEMENT ECOLOGICAL ATTACHMENT BASE(14,4)|INTERNAL ION(14,4)|MONOMER WASTE CONCRETE BLOCK(14,4)|SEAWATER TEMPERATURE(14,4)|MARINE PERIPHYTON INTERSECTION(14,3)|UNMODIFIED BOVINE BONE MEAL(14,3)|CEMENT TEST PIECE ALKALINITY(14,2)|ECOLOGICAL RIPRAP BREAKWATER(14,2)|FISH(14,2)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LARVA METAMORPHOSIS(14,1)|SEA AREA(13,34)|TRACE ELEMENT(13,23)|ALKALINITY(13,8)|LIMESTONE(13,7)|DILUTED PHOSPHORIC ACID(13,5)|WHISKER(13,4)|CONCRETE SAMPLE(13,2)|CURING BOX(13,2)|INORGANIC FIBER(13,2)|OYSTER FRIES CULTIVATION(13,2)|REDUCTION TREATMENT(13,2)|UNIFORM STIRRING(13,1)|EUTROPHIC AREA(12,4)|OYSTER LARVA GROWTH(12,3)|TRANSPARENT RESIN(12,3)|COASTAL LINE EROSION(12,2)|CYLINDRICAL ATTACHMENT(12,2)|ENERGY SAVING(12,2)|OYSTER LARVA LATE GROWTH(12,2)|PROCESSING TREATMENT(12,2)|SEA AREA OYSTER(12,2)|CHALK(11,4)|MARBLE(11,4)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL PROJECT(11,3)|BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY(11,2)|CM2STOPPING COLLECTING SEEDLING(11,2)|NAPHTHALENE SERIES(11,2)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF ALKALINITY(11,1)|GLASS FIBER ROPE(11,1)|MARINE SESSILE ORGANISM LARVA(11,1)|FERRIC SULFATE(10,5)|SEA AREA PROXIMITY(10,4)|SPRAYING(10,4)|INDUCING OYSTER ADHESION(10,3)|LIGHT CERAMSITE(10,3)|UNMODIFIED DARK PIGMENT(10,3)|MARINE PERIPHYTON ADHESION(10,2)|ORGANIC PIGMENT RED(10,2)|ORGANIC SILICON(10,2)|BACTERIUM ALTEROMONAS CALWELLII(10,1)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LARVA ADHESION(10,1)|OYSTER LARVA METAMORPHOSIS(10,1)|YACHT WHARVE BEAUTIFUL REQUIREMENT(10,1)|ROTATING SPEED(9,10)|AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE(9,5)|CALCIUM PHOSPHATE(9,5)|POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE(9,5)|SULFUROUS ACID(9,5)|ZINC PHOSPHATE(9,5)|ATTACHMENT(9,4)|PH VALUE(9,4)|POTASSIUM SULFATE(9,4)|ANTIMONY SULFIDE(9,3)|METHANE(9,3)|RICH(9,3)|STANDARD CURING(9,3)|OYSTER METAMORPHOSIS(9,2)|TEMPLATE(9,2)|ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISM THIOBACILLUS(9,1)|MARINE SESSILE ORGANISM CROSSING(9,1)|OCEAN FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM(9,1)|OYSTER EYESPOT LARVA(9,1)|OYSTER LARVA INDUCING ADHESION(9,1)|SESSILE ORGANISM METAMORPHOSIS(9,1)|IRON PHOSPHATE(8,5)|SILICIC ACID(8,5)|INTERNAL VOID RATIO(8,4)|NATURAL MINERAL(8,4)|BARNACLE LARVA(8,2)|BIOMASS DIVERSITY(8,2)|CIRCULAR HOLE(8,2)|CONCRETE IMPERMEABILITY(8,2)|CONCRETE MIXER(8,2)|DRIED BOVINE BONE MEAL(8,2)|LIGHTWEIGHT COARSE CONCRETE(8,2)|MARINE PERIPHYTON ATTACHMENT(8,2)|OYSTER LARVA ATTACHMENT DENSITY(8,2)|WASTE RECYCLING(8,2)|CATIONIC EMULSIFIED ASPHALT(8,1)|INDUCING OYSTER LARVA(8,1)|MARINE PERIPHYTON CROSSING(8,1)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LARVA ATTACHMENT(8,1)|MARINE PERIPHYTON LATE GROWTH(8,1)|MARINE SESSILE ORGANISM ADHESION(8,1)|OYSTER LARVA PERMEABILITY(8,1)|PLANT ECOLOGICAL FLOATING BREAKWATER(8,1)|SESSILE ORGANISM LARVA GROWTH(8,1)|URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION(8,1)|DIATOMITE(7,11)|ALKALI ACTIVATED CEMENTING MATERIAL(7,8)|STIRRER(7,8)|MODIFIED DARK COLOR PIGMENT(7,6)|HYDROGEN CHLORIDE(7,5)|BONDING STRENGTH(7,4)|CHEMICAL REAGENT(7,4)|DISSOLVED OXYGEN(7,4)|BIG DISCIPLINE(7,2)|MARINE ORGANISM RESEARCHER(7,2)|TRANSPORTING OYSTER(7,2)|ANIONIC EMULSIFIED ASPHALT(7,1)|CRASSOSTREA HONGKONGENSIS LARVA(7,1)|DOPED BOVINE BONE MEAL(7,1)|OYSTER LARVAETHE ADHESION(7,1)|OYSTER RAW MATERIAL(7,1)|OYSTER SUPERIORITY SPECIES(7,1)|SEA AREAFREE ORGANISM(7,1)|ACETIC ACID(6,5)|SLOW RELEASE(6,5)|HIGH STRENGTH SULPHOALUMINATE CEMENT(6,4)|GYPSUM POWDER(6,3)|QUANTITATIVE COLLECTION(6,3)|VIBRATION MILL(6,3)|ALKALI RESISTANT GLASS FIBER(6,2)|CEMENT MORTAR(6,2)|FLY ASH PORTLAND CEMENT(6,2)|INFLUENCE DEGREE(6,2)|PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE(6,2)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF MANUFACTURING(6,1)|BREAKWATER DAMAGE COASTAL ECOLOGY(6,1)|BREAKWATER ECOLOGY(6,1)|CRASSOSTREA GIGAS LARVA(6,1)|ECOLOGICAL CONCRETE ENGINEERING(6,1)|OYSTER INDUCING ADHESION(6,1)|OYSTER SHELL CEMENT(6,1)|SHELLFISH ADHESION INDUCTION(6,1)|POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID WATER REDUCER(5,16)|RED FUMING NITRIC ACID(5,5)|INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT(5,4)|CEMENT COATING(5,3)|COMPARISON DOCUMENT(5,3)|SOLUBLE SALT(5,3)|CONCRETE PARTICLE(5,2)|CONCRETE PORE SOLUTION(5,2)|DOMINANT ROLE(5,2)|FLOATING PLATFORM(5,2)|LIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER ADHESIVE(5,2)|OYSTER SHELL FRAGMENT(5,2)|ROPE CAGE(5,2)|SUPER HYDROPHOBIC MATERIAL(5,2)|ALKALINITY SENSITIVE ORGANISM(5,1)|BARNACLE LATE GROWTH(5,1)|BEHAVIORAL PATHWAY(5,1)|BOVINE BONE MEAL MODIFICATION(5,1)|CALCIUM EXCIPIENT INDUCING CAPACITY(5,1)|CALCIUM SUBSTANCE DOPING(5,1)|CARRYING OUT INVESTIGATION(5,1)|CEMENT CONCRETE2CAN(5,1)|COASTAL ECONOMY RAPID DEVELOPMENT(5,1)|COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE(5,1)|CONCRETE ALKALINITY DECREASE(5,1)|CONCRETE DISCIPLINEAND(5,1)|CONCRETE SPECIMEN MILDEW FORMATION(5,1)|DARKNESS PAINTING ADOPTION(5,1)|DEBACTEROL CORROSION(5,1)|DEEPLY RESEARCHED ION(5,1)|ECOLOGICAL BREAKWATER(5,1)|ECOLOGICAL DURABILITY(5,1)|EMULSIFYING BITUMEN(5,1)|INDUCING OYSTER ATTACHMENT(5,1)|ION METAMORPHOSIS(5,1)|LARVAL METAMORPHOSIS(5,1)|LATE PARTICIPATION(5,1)|LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER ATTACHMENT(5,1)|LIGHTWEIGHT FINE AGGREGATE(5,1)|LIVING BREAKWATER(5,1)|MARINE BIOFOULING(5,1)|MARINE DURABILITY(5,1)|NONPHOTOSENSITIVE BEHAVIOR(5,1)|OCEAN CONCRETE ENGINEERING(5,1)|OYSTER ATTACHMENT EXPERIMENT(5,1)|OYSTER CULTIVATION(5,1)|OYSTER INDUCED ADHESION(5,1)|OYSTER REEF REPAIR(5,1)|POZZOLANIC PORTLAND CEMENT(5,1)|SEA ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(5,1)|SESSILE METAMORPHOSIS(5,1)|SESSILE ORGANISM ATTACHMENT GROWTH(5,1)|SILICA FUME CONCRETE(5,1)|SYDNEY UNIVERSITY(5,1)|WEIGHT PROPORTION(4,10)|REDUCING AGENT POWDER(4,8)|NITRIC ACID AMMONIUM SALT(4,5)|NITRIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT(4,5)|KNOWLEDGE(4,4)|PARTICLE SIZE(4,4)|OCEAN ENGINEERING SURFACE(4,3)|ADHERENCE INDUCTION(4,2)|CARBON FIBER(4,2)|CARBONATE ION(4,2)|CARRYING OUT ALKALINITY(4,2)|CENTRIFUGED SOLID MATTER(4,2)|CENTRIFUGED SOLID SUBSTANCE(4,2)|IRON II OXIDE RED(4,2)|MARINE BIOLOGY SUBJECT(4,2)|PERFORMANCE INDEX(4,2)|RELEASING BASE(4,2)|UNIFORMLY MIXING MATERIAL(4,2)|YEAR STRENGTH(4,2)|ADOPTING CEMENT(4,1)|CONCRETE ALKALINITY REDUCTION(4,1)|CONCRETE OVERFLOW(4,1)|CONCRETE PERMEABILITY(4,1)|DISSOLUTION PROBABILITY(4,1)|DOPING CALCIUM SUBSTANCE(4,1)|ENRICHING MARINE PLANT(4,1)|FISH COLLECTING(4,1)|FLOATING CULTIVATION(4,1)|FOREIGN COUNTRY(4,1)|GLOBAL OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(4,1)|HIGH CONCENTRATION CO2CURING(4,1)|LIGHTWEIGHT COARSE AGGREGATE(4,1)|MANGROVE PLANT(4,1)|MELANIN SYNTHESIS(4,1)|OCEAN ENGINEERING ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING(4,1)|OYSTER ATTACHMENT DENSITY(4,1)|OYSTER DOMINANT SPECIES(4,1)|POLYURETHANE MODIFIED EMULSION(4,1)|POPULATION ESTABLISHMENT(4,1)|SLAG PORTLAND CEMENT(4,1)|WEIGHT RATIO(3,17)|IRON II OXIDE BLACK(3,8)|NIGROSINE MIXTURE MASS RATIO(3,7)|CEMENT MATERIAL(3,5)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT(3,5)|CA CONTENT(3,4)|ALGAE(3,3)|CONCRETE MEMBER(3,3)|HCO(3,3)|MAXIMUM GRAIN SIZE(3,3)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(3,3)|CENTRIFUGATION(3,2)|CM2REMOVING(3,2)|COLLAGEN(3,2)|DRYING BOX(3,2)|ENOUGH CA(3,2)|GONADAL DEVELOPMENT(3,2)|HOUR2CURING(3,2)|HYDROLOGICAL DATA(3,2)|MACADAM(3,2)|MACROSCOPIC DESIGN(3,2)|MOULD2CURING(3,2)|ROTATION SPEED(3,2)|SEA ADHESION SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM(3,2)|SEEDLING COLLECTION AREA(3,2)|SOLUBILITY(3,2)|SUPERNATANT(3,2)|ATTACHMENT ORGANISM(3,1)|CALCIUM SUBSTANCE INFLUENCE(3,1)|COATING GRADING(3,1)|COATING INDUCTION CAPABILITY(3,1)|COLOR SELECTIVITY(3,1)|CONCRETE INFLUENCE(3,1)|CONCRETE PENETRATION(3,1)|DARK COLOR SUBSTANCE(3,1)|DARK CONCRETE(3,1)|DARK SUBSTANCE(3,1)|DOMESTIC RESEARCH(3,1)|EARLY WORKABILITY(3,1)|ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT(3,1)|EXTREME WEATHER UPRIGHT POST(3,1)|FISHERY SCIENCE PROGRESS(3,1)|FOREIGN RESEARCH(3,1)|HUGE INFLUENCE(3,1)|HUNDRED MILLION TON(3,1)|INDUCED BIOMASS(3,1)|INDUCER ABILITY(3,1)|INDUCING SUBSTANCE(3,1)|LIGHT CONCRETE OYSTER ATTACHMENT(3,1)|MARINE ATTACHMENT(3,1)|MARINE PLANT INTERSECTION(3,1)|MARINE REINFORCED CONCRETE(3,1)|MOTHER ROCK(3,1)|NONREFLECTIVE SUBSTRATE(3,1)|OYSTER LIFE(3,1)|PORTLAND CEMENT COMPOSITE(3,1)|REEF DEVELOPMENT(3,1)|RELEVANT REPORT(3,1)|RICH BAIT(3,1)|SEA SAND(3,1)|SUBSTITUTED AGGREGATE(3,1)|THICK OYSTER REEF(3,1)|TRAVERTINE CONTENT(3,1)|TREATED WASTE CONCRETE(3,1)|VITAL ROLE(3,1)|PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUTION(2,4)|ALKALIZATION(2,1)|ARTIFICIAL ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION(2,1)|ATTACHED SUBSTRATE(2,1)|ATTACHMENT DECREASE(2,1)|BROKEN ROCK(2,1)|BUILDING GENERATION(2,1)|CALCIUM CARBONATE(2,1)|COLOR PROTECTION(2,1)|CONCRETE MODIFICATION(2,1)|CONCRETE OYSTER ATTACHMENT BASE(2,1)|CONDITION2CURING(2,1)|DARK ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|EARLY ATTACHMENT(2,1)|EQUIVALENT SUBSTITUTED CEMENT(2,1)|GROOVING MODE(2,1)|HARMFUL ION(2,1)|INDUCED ATTACHMENT(2,1)|INDUCTIVE CAPACITY(2,1)|INORGANIC SALT(2,1)|ION CONTENT(2,1)|ION SPECIES(2,1)|LANDSCAPE(2,1)|LARVA CONTACT PROBABILITY(2,1)|LATE STRENGTH(2,1)| | (CN111321699)|1. A construction method of marine ecological engineering of waste concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps:|(1) surveying the sea area of the bulwark building position: investigating the dominant species of the oysters in the sea area and whether the oysters are attached, and performing temperature, seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, precipitation and precipitation on the sea area in different seasons,Active phosphates, active silicates, Ca2+,Zn2+,K+Carrying out investigation, and carrying out investigation on the typhoon frequency and strength in the past year;|(2) preparing a concrete adhesive base: manufacturing a lightweight concrete oyster attaching base with a rough surface, wherein the shape of the lightweight concrete oyster attaching base is one of a plate-shaped attaching base, a wave-shaped attaching base and a cylindrical attaching base;|(3) quantitatively collecting and breeding oyster seedlings: in the local sea area, the floating larvae of the oysters are intensively attached and metamorphosis, and the attaching base is placed in a fry collecting area of the nearby sea area, when the attaching amount of the larvae of the oysters is 15-25 per 100cm2Stopping seedling collection; then moving the fish to a sea area with rich baits for floating culture;|(4) surface treatment of waste concrete blocks: evaluating the alkalinity, the internal ion concentration and the permeability of the waste concrete, if the pH value is more than 12.5, carrying out alkalinity reduction treatment, and then spraying or brushing an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with high bonding strength and high oyster adhesion induction on the surface of the waste concrete block;|(5) placing the waste concrete blocks: in the local sea area oyster planktonic larvae settlement metamorphosis period of the second year, a scattered placement method is adopted, waste concrete blocks with the volume of more than 1 cubic meter are placed singly, and each waste concrete block is covered by a rope; covering a plurality of waste concrete blocks with the volume of less than 1 cubic meter by using ropes to form a waste concrete block pile with the volume of 1-5 cubic meters, wherein the internal void ratio is 40-60%; the waste concrete blocks and the waste concrete block piles are connected by ropes;|(6) placing the oyster attaching base on site: transporting the oyster base with the gonad development stage of the oysters in the step (3) as the mature stage to a sea area for constructing a breakwater, placing 1-2 oyster attaching bases on each monomer waste concrete block or waste concrete block pile, and fixing the waste concrete blocks or waste concrete block piles by adopting ropes; feeding baits or placing nutrient salts of the baits when necessary according to the plankton condition of the local sea area;|(7) monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment condition of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete, and determining the attachment condition of oyster larvae to be 30-40/100 cm2In the process, the oyster attaching base is removed, the ecological condition of the breakwater is monitored for a long time, and improvement measures are provided according to the actual condition;|the oyster attaching base is characterized in that: the special biological calcium fertilizer is prepared from a cementing material, a light coarse aggregate, a light fine aggregate, water, a dark color pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, a short-cut fiber and a superplasticizer, wherein the cementing material, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water, the dark color pigment, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements, the short-cut fiber and the superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 21.8% -34.5%, 24.6% -37.5%, 15.8% -29.6%, 8.4% -16.4%, 0.6-3.0%, 0.4% -2.0%, 0.2% -1.8%, 0.15% -1.5% and 0.03% -0.18%;|the raw materials of the oyster attaching base comprise the following dark color pigments: one or two of iron oxide black, aniline black, carbon black, antimony sulfide, iron oxide red and organic pigment red; according to the influence degree on the performance of concrete, the pigments are modified by adopting one of transparent resin, organic silicon, dimethyl siloxane and super-hydrophobic materials;|the biological calcium carbonate powder is prepared by compounding several of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium carbonate powder is 100-1000 meshes; treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating 100-500 mesh bovine bone powder with one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid;|the calcium carbonate powder is as follows: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and several of active calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and superfine light calcium carbonate which are processed, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes;|the trace elements are as follows: zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus, which can be selected from natural minerals or industrial products, including one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and ferric phosphate, and are modified to realize the slow release of corresponding ions and reduce or eliminate the adverse effect on the performance of concrete; however, nitrogen and phosphorus elements are not selected for eutrophic areas;|the cementing material is as follows: one of silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and alkali-activated cementing material which are mixed with mineral admixture; wherein the mineral admixture in the silicate cement doped with the mineral admixture comprises one or more of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash; the sulphoaluminate cement comprises one or two of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, high-strength sulphoaluminate cement and expansion sulphoaluminate cement; the alkali-activated cementing material is one of alkali-activated slag, alkali-activated slag and fly ash;|the light coarse aggregate is one or two of crushed light porous basalt with the maximum grain size of less than 20mm and light ceramsite;|the light fine aggregate is one or two of crushed zeolite and light ceramic sand, and the particle size of the light fine aggregate is 0.2-5 mm;|the chopped fibers are inorganic fibers, have the length of 12-20 mm and comprise several of basalt fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers and carbon fibers;|the preparation method comprises the following steps:|s1: designing different roughness according to the characteristics of the oyster larvae which favor to attach to the rough surface, and then manufacturing forming templates with different roughness;|s2: weighing a cementing material, a light coarse aggregate, a light fine aggregate, water, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, chopped fibers and a superplasticizer;|s3: firstly, putting the light coarse aggregate and the light fine aggregate into a concrete mixer to be mixed for 0.5-1 minute; then adding a cementing material, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder and trace elements, and continuously stirring for 1-2 minutes; then adding chopped fibers, water and a superplasticizer and stirring for 2-6 minutes; after uniform stirring, pouring and vibrating in a rough die manufactured in S1;|s4: immediately placing the concrete sample after the form removal in high-concentration CO2Curing in a curing box for 0.5 to 5 hours, reducing the alkalinity of the cement test piece, and then performing standard curing for 28 d;|the cement concrete oyster attaching base with rough surface and good induction effect can be prepared.|2. The method for constructing marine ecological engineering of waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating is prepared from a cementing material, emulsified asphalt, sand, water, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, an acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer, wherein the cementing material, the emulsified asphalt, the sand, the water, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements, the acrylic emulsion and the superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in parts by weight:|1:(0.4～0.8):(0.5～1.3):(0.10～0.30):(0.02～0.10):(0.02～0.10):(0.01～0.08):(0.08～0.15):(0.001～0.008)。|3. the method for constructing marine ecological engineering of waste concrete according to claim 2, wherein: the biological calcium carbonate powder is prepared by compounding several of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium carbonate powder is 100-1000 meshes; and treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating 100-500 mesh bovine bone powder with one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid;|the calcium carbonate powder is as follows: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and several of active calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and superfine light calcium carbonate which are processed, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes;|the trace elements of zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus can be selected from natural minerals or industrial products, including one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and iron phosphate, and are modified to realize slow release of corresponding ions and reduce or eliminate adverse effects on the performance of concrete; however, nitrogen and phosphorus elements are not selected for eutrophic areas;|the emulsified asphalt is one of cation emulsified asphalt and anion emulsified asphalt; the performance indexes are that the content of evaporation residues is more than 55 percent, the stability of 5 days is less than or equal to 5 percent, the diameter of a screen is 1.18mm, and the residual quantity on the screen is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;|the cementing material is one of silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and alkali-activated cementing material which are mixed with mineral admixture; wherein the mineral admixture in the silicate cement doped with the mineral admixture comprises one or more of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash; the sulphoaluminate cement comprises one or two of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, high-strength sulphoaluminate cement and expansion sulphoaluminate cement; the alkali-activated cementing material comprises one of alkali-activated slag, alkali-activated slag and fly ash;|the sand is selected from river sand, machine-made sand and sea sand with the particle size of 0.16-5.0 mm;|the superplasticizer comprises one of polycarboxylic acid and naphthalene;|the preparation method of the emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating comprises the following steps:|s1: weighing emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer;|s2: placing the cementing material, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements and the powdery superplasticizer into a mixer, wherein the rotating speed is 1000-1500 rpm, and the mixing time is 4-8 minutes;|s3: then placing the sand into the sand, adjusting the rotating speed to be 500-;|s4: uniformly mixing the acrylic emulsion, the emulsified asphalt and water, and putting the mixture and the uniformly mixed materials into a 200-fold high-speed stirrer with the rotation speed of 500 rpm for stirring for 5-10 minutes;|the emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with good induction effect for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering can be prepared.|4. The method for constructing marine ecological engineering of waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the oyster planktonic larvae are intensively attached for a metamorphosis period of 4-10 months.|5. The method for constructing marine ecological engineering of waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: a round hole with the diameter of 3-5 mm is reserved on the lightweight concrete oyster attaching base during forming, and the size of the plate-shaped attaching base is 10 multiplied by 2-3 cm.|6. The method for constructing marine ecological engineering of waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the rope is one of a palm rope, a glass fiber rope and a basalt fiber rope. | (CN111321699)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to an ecological wave-lift prevention technology, in particular to a marine ecological engineering construction method of waste concrete, and belongs to the field of marine ecological engineering.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Because of the rapid development of coastal economy in recent decades and no attention to environmental protection, large-scale damage to coastal ecology is caused, and huge influence is caused on coastal ecology and economy in China. At present, a series of relevant policies of China emerge, the ocean engineering construction of China also faces a peak period, and simultaneously, the ocean engineering constructed in a large scale and the breakwater which ensures the stability of the surrounding sea area further destroy the originally fragile ecosystem of the ocean. Without proper protection of ecological environment, the method brings about greater disaster to the ecology along the shore of the ocean. Meanwhile, most coastal infrastructures cannot be dismantled, and the ecology in the sea area needs to be restored, so that people gradually realize the application of ecological technology on a large number of infrastructures, and the ecology in the sea area can be effectively improved or restored. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to construct a breakwater having good ecological effects, or to ecologize the existing breakwater, so as to improve the offshore ecological environment.|[0003] In order to reduce the damage of ocean engineering to the ocean ecological environment, people have been trying to improve the ocean environment by various methods in recent years. From the engineering perspective, CN208039153U discloses an ecological breakwater capable of keeping water flow smooth, which adopts a culvert designed at the bottom, biological attachment made of rubber blocks, and a riprap levee body structure, so as to realize certain ecological functions on the basis of wave prevention and wave absorption; the university of Wuhan's rational engineering discloses a method for manufacturing a plant ecological floating breakwater, which is provided with a floating platform, the main structure of the floating platform adopts reinforced concrete, mangrove plants are planted on the reinforced concrete, and the floating breakwater has certain ecological effect and is mainly characterized by having good landscape effect and meeting the beautiful requirements of yacht wharves and the like on the breakwater; sydney university has studied two concrete surface grooving modes, and after grooving, the oyster attachment rate is improved by 50%, and the biomass inside the groove is 3 times of that of the raised part. In addition, france has studied a new breakwater structure consisting of a number of columns, placed at a distance of hundreds of metres from the shore or from the existing breakwater. The calm weather allows the waves to pass freely, and the extreme weather upright post reflects the impact force of the waves, so that the aim of protecting the coastline is fulfilled. In addition, the new york gulf has built a 'living' breakwater, which is designed comprehensively, and increases marine biomass by macroscopic design, surface texture and the use of low-alkali cement to make concrete members. Can improve wave-absorbing ability and ecological effect.|[0004] So far, only research has focused on the influence of the structural change of the breakwater on the sea ecosystem, and individual research aims at the influence of the low alkalinity of concrete and the texture of members on biological enrichment. The oysters are ecological engineers and are mainly concentrated in a tidal range area and within 30 meters underwater, and meanwhile, the oysters are likely to be attached to the shells of the same kind to form a thick oyster reef, so that the oysters are attached to the breakwater compactly, and the ecology of the breakwater can be realized.|[0005] In addition, China has experienced a rapid construction period of more than 30 years, and at present, construction waste generated by demolition of buildings and engineering facilities after the service life is reached, generation of new buildings during construction, transformation of urban infrastructure and the like gradually breaks through 20 hundred million tons in 2019. The main treatment of these waste concretes is currently the crushing, grading, partial or total replacement of coarse aggregates, sand and even incorporation into the concrete as mineral admixtures. Despite the many attempts and studies, the construction waste is still utilized at any great distance, especially the construction waste is expected to enter a rapid increase period, and how to dispose the construction waste as much as possible is a very difficult problem. However, the construction of ecological engineering in the ocean at present, particularly the oyster reef restoration and the like, needs a large amount of substrate, and deals with increasingly severe ocean problems of global ocean acidification and the like.|[0006] The waste concrete is also rich in a large amount of calcium ions and is a potential oyster attachment substitute substrate. At present, waste concrete blocks are tried to be used in the process of recovering the oyster reef and constructing the artificial fish reef, but the effect is not ideal. The concrete mechanism is not clear, probably because the alkalinity of the concrete is too high, and harmful ions contained in the concrete overflow. However, we found that the oyster adhesion can be effectively promoted by changing the characteristics of the surface of the waste concrete, such as color, roughness, trace element content, ion species and the like, through a surface coating method. There are also studies on the influence of these causes on oyster attachment, mainly as follows:|[0007] first, the influence of ions on the attachment and metamorphosis of marine periphyton larva|[0008] The research on the marine periphyton larva attachment and metamorphosis induction at home and abroad mainly focuses on the influence of the ion concentration in the solution, and the deeply researched ions and substances have K+、NH3、Ca2+And Cu2+The first three ions or substances can promote the adhesion or metamorphosis of oyster at proper concentration, but Cu2+The promoting effect is not obvious, and even the death rate of larvae is increased at a large concentration. K+Inducing larval metamorphosis by affecting the behavior of cell membranes; NH (NH)3Is to enterIntracellular entry results in an increase in intracellular pH, which subsequently causes depolarization of neurons of the behavioral pathway, thereby inducing sessile metamorphosis. Although the study on the attachment and metamorphosis of more sessile organisms on the surfaces of different substances such as polyethylene plates, shells, tiles and the like is carried out in solution, the method is not easy to realize or has high cost when being applied to the actual marine concrete engineering.|[0009] At present, with the great application of concrete in ocean engineering, particularly recent oyster reef repair engineering and the like, the concrete becomes a substrate material which is most commonly attached by marine periphyton. But the concrete material is different from the traditional seashells, limestone, rubber tires, plastic plates and the like. The concrete has high alkalinity and high calcium ion, also contains rich other ions, such as potassium and sodium ions, and has great influence on the attachment and growth of the oysters. At present, although some oyster reef repair projects and the like adopt newly manufactured concrete members, waste concrete and the like as repair substrates, the effect is not ideal.|[0010] Second, the influence of concrete of different types of cement on marine plants and sessile organisms|[0011] At present, portland cement concrete is almost adopted in ocean concrete engineering and has high alkalinity (the pH value of a pore solution is generally 12.0-13.0), and the pH value of seawater is generally 7.9-8.4. Because of the alkali concentration gradient, the concrete contacted with the seawater can continuously release alkali, thereby improving the pH value of the seawater in the sea area and damaging a local ecological system. Has a great inhibiting effect on the attachment growth of sessile organisms on the surface of the biological filter, and particularly has great influence on alkalinity sensitive organisms. The current domestic and foreign research shows that: the artificial fish reef made of different cement types has obvious difference on biological attachment effect, aluminate cement and fly ash portland cement have good biological attachment effect, and the alkalinity of the artificial fish reef is lower than that of common portland cement concrete. Similarly, the cement concrete has better ecological effect by adding 40-60% of fly ash and slag powder. In addition, the types and the quantity of the attachment organisms on the travertine gelled material concrete are more than those on the cement concrete, and the higher the content of the travertine gelled material is, the better the ecological effect is. The ecological concrete engineering for building the United states adopts low-alkalinity cement concrete, such as aluminate cement, particularly slag portland cement, wherein the replacement amount of slag powder reaches 50 percent, and the ecological effect of enriching marine plants, animals and the like is better. By adopting cement with lower alkalinity to prepare concrete, biomass (mainly marine plants) sensitive to alkali can be effectively improved, but the improvement of the attachment amount and the attachment density of oysters is limited.|[0012] Third, the influence of calcium substances on the adhesion of marine sessile organisms|[0013] The research at home and abroad shows that the chemical element composition of the attaching substrate obviously influences the attachment, metamorphosis and later growth of oyster larvae. The most commonly used calcium-containing substrates (limestone and concrete) are effective in inducing adhesion of oyster larvae with an inducing effect comparable to that of shells. This indicates that calcium is a vital role in the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of oyster larvae.|[0014] Recently, in addition to conventional substrates, studies have been made on the adhesion of oyster larvae by adding calcium to cement-based materials and increasing the content of calcium in concrete. In the literature, 80-mesh cattle bone powder, calcium carbonate powder and gypsum powder (the mixing amount is 62.5 percent and 375 percent of the weight of cement) are singly mixed into mortar to carry out an oyster attachment experiment, and the sequence of the inducing capacity of the calcium excipient for the adhesion of oyster larvae under the same condition is obtained: the bovine bone meal is calcium carbonate which is calcium sulfate; the calcium carbonate powder is 5-60% of the mortar (41.7-500.0% of the cement), and the effect is best when the calcium carbonate powder is 20% (166.7% of the cement). Although the attachment amount of the oysters can be increased by adding the bovine bone meal, the calcium carbonate powder and the gypsum powder, the added proportion is too large (the weight of the calcium powder is more than 41.7 percent of that of the cement and even reaches 500.0 percent), the mechanical property and the durability of the concrete are seriously influenced, and the oyster shell cement is not suitable for being used in concrete engineering in marine environment. In addition, although the bovine bone meal has a good effect of inducing adhesion of oysters, when the amount of the bovine bone meal exceeds 10% of the cement, the concrete is mildewed. Therefore, at present, although calcium substances such as bovine bone meal, calcium carbonate and the like are doped into concrete, the influence of marine environment on the durability of a concrete structure is not considered, so that the concrete cannot be applied to severe marine environment at all.|[0015] In CN104529286 patent: from the aspect of waste utilization, oyster shell fragments of 5 mm-8 mm with the mass of 10% -20% of cement are mixed into the artificial fish reef, and the concrete which does not influence biological attachment and does not pollute the environment is obtained. CN104938384 is to mix 150-200 mesh biological calcium carbonate powder (fishbone, coral, egg shell and shell are 1:1:1:1) and shell fragment which are 10-20% of the cement mass into the artificial fish reef, which shows that the induced biomass is gradually increased along with the increase of the calcium carbonate mixing amount, and the biomass (marine plant and marine organism) induced by the biological calcium carbonate is the most when the mixing amount is the maximum (20% of the cement weight). In order to reduce the alkalinity of the surface of the concrete artificial fish reef, microorganisms and algae are easier to attach, the biomass and the population quantity are increased, and the fish collecting effect is better. The biological calcium carbonate cement mortar coating layer educt is harmless to the environment and the organism. Although the biological calcium carbonate powder, the oyster shell fragments and the like are doped into concrete for artificial fish reef manufacturing and biological attachment experiments, the biological calcium carbonate powder indeed enhances the biological enrichment effect, but mainly enriches marine plants and microorganisms.|[0016] In a word, the calcium content is important for the attachment of oyster larvae, and the current experimental results also prove that the addition of a proper amount of calcium carbonate substances in the cement-based material can promote the attachment and growth of the oyster larvae. However, cement concrete contains a large amount of calcium ions, the pH value of a pore solution is generally greater than 12.5, and the pH value of a saturated calcium hydroxide solution is about 12 at normal temperature, so that the concentration of the calcium ions in the concrete pore solution is about 5 mmol/L; the solubility of calcium carbonate is very low, and is only 9.5X 10 at 25 DEG C-5mol/L(9.5 x 10-2mmol/L). At present, the optimal range of calcium ion concentration for inducing shellfish adhesion is considered to be 10-25 mmol/L, and even if oyster larvae are placed in saturated calcium carbonate solution, enough Ca is not available2+The concentration of Ca is suitable for providing proper Ca for the adhesion of oysters2+And (4) concentration. Further, Ca (OH) in the inside of the cement concrete2Can be released more quickly, while the dissolution of calcium carbonate takes longer. Thus, it is possible to provideIt was confirmed that the incorporation of calcium carbonate material into concrete promotes the adhesion of oyster larvae, Ca2+Not the dominant role.|[0017] In addition, the doping amount of the shell powder is too large, the weight ratio of the shell powder to the cement is more than 10%, and some shell powder even reaches 500%, so that the durability of the concrete is greatly influenced. Although the proper amount of calcium carbonate material can prevent the concrete from being reduced in impermeability or better, the excessive amount of calcium carbonate material is very unfavorable for the concrete to resist the corrosion of sulfuric acid and sulfate in seawater.|[0018] Therefore, the problem of marine sessile organism larva induced adhesion by doping calcium substances such as biological calcium carbonate, bovine bone meal, calcium carbonate powder and the like into concrete still exists, and particularly the problems of concrete performance caused by excessive doping of the calcium substances, mildew caused by doping of the bovine bone meal and the like exist.|[0019] Fourth, the influence of color on the adhesion of marine periphyton|[0020] The color of the substrate has certain influence on the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of the larvae of the marine periphyton. In foreign countries, it has been reported that in sea areas with low temperature, dark bottom substances can promote the growth of oysters. Domestic research shows that oyster larvae have certain selectivity on color. The color selectivity of the crassostrea hongkongensis larvae on the plastic anchoring base is as follows: black > white > red. Crassostrea gigas larvae prefer to attach to black and gray plastic plates and it is believed that black and gray may be a protective color for oyster larvae to avoid natural enemy attacks. Barnacles prefer to adhere to red substrates. Pearl oyster also prefers dark (black, red), non-reflective substrates, showing non-photosensitive behavior. And the bacterium Alteromonas calwellii attracts oyster larvae by producing a compound that participates in melanin synthesis.|[0021] At present, the research on the influence of the color of the substrate on the adhesion of marine periphyton larvae is limited to organic polymer plates such as plastic plates and polyethylene plates, asbestos plates and the like. The concrete is used as a most potential substitute substrate, is particularly used for oyster reef repair, artificial ecological engineering construction and marine reinforced concrete corrosion prevention at present, and the influence of the color on the attachment amount of sessile organism larvae is not referred to related data.|[0022] Fifth, the influence of roughness on the adhesion of marine periphyton larvae|[0023] Generally, the roughness of the surface of the substrate has a certain influence on the adhesion of oysters and barnacle larvae. Domestic and foreign researches show that under the same other conditions, oysters and barnacle larvae attached to the rough surface are more than those attached to the smooth surface. The rough surface provides better tactile stimulation for the crawling and attachment of oyster and barnacle larvae so as to help the larvae to stay on the substrate; the presence of cracks and pits can protect the larvae from predators; and a larger area, and potentially a richer, diverse microbial environment than a smooth surface. Recent studies have shown that textured concrete surfaces adhere to more marine organisms than smooth surfaces, promoting the attachment and metamorphosis of larvae. However, some studies have shown that coarseness has no significant effect on attachment metamorphosis of larvae.|[0024] In summary, different substrates, as well as the effects of color and roughness on marine periphyton attachment, are currently being investigated. There are also some studies relating to the effect of calcareous materials in concrete on marine biofouling. However, due to the knowledge of related subjects such as marine organisms, marine microorganisms, marine chemistry, marine concrete engineering materials and structures, the subject directions are different greatly, so that many problems are encountered in cross research, such as the above-mentioned problems that the cement-based materials have unclear water-cement ratio, the mechanism of inducing oyster adhesion by calcium carbonate materials is unclear, the calcium powder doped in cement is too much, the durability of concrete is poor, the doped bovine bone meal is easy to mildew, and the like. The oysters are compactly fixed in concrete engineering to realize the ecological engineering of ocean engineering, and no relevant report is found at present. The oyster is attached to the concrete engineering in a large amount, and the ecological and high durability of the marine concrete engineering can be realized.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0025] The invention aims to solve the problem that the expansion and repair of the existing breakwater damage coastal ecology and the current situation that most of marine sessile organisms on the surface of the marine concrete engineering are not compact and need manual intervention. The surface of the waste concrete is treated by a coating technology, and the treated waste concrete is used for building a novel marine ecological project which can attract sessile organisms such as oysters and the like, so that the marine ecological project has a good wave absorption function, benefits from the ecological benefit generated by the attachment of a large number of oysters, and solves the problem of difficult treatment of a large number of waste concrete. The specific technical scheme is as follows:|[0026] (1) surveying the sea area of the bulwark building position: investigating the species of the oyster in the sea area and whether the oyster is attached, and subjecting the sea area to different seasons of air temperature, sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate, and Ca2+、Zn2+、K+And the like, and the number of typhoons, the intensity and the like in the past year.|[0027] (2) Preparing a concrete adhesive base: and manufacturing the lightweight concrete oyster attaching base with a rough surface, wherein the shape of the lightweight concrete oyster attaching base is one of a plate-shaped attaching base, a wave-shaped attaching base and a cylindrical attaching base.|[0028] (3) Quantitatively collecting and breeding oyster seedlings: in the local sea area, the floating larvae of the oysters are intensively attached and metamorphosis, and the attaching base is placed in a fry collecting area of the nearby sea area, when the attaching amount of the larvae of the oysters is 15-25 per 100cm2Stopping seedling collection; then the fish is moved to a sea area with rich bait for floating cultivation.|[0029] (4) Surface treatment of waste concrete blocks: evaluating the alkalinity, the internal ion concentration and the permeability of the waste concrete, if the pH value is more than 12.5, carrying out alkalinity reduction treatment, and then spraying or brushing an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with high bonding strength and high oyster adhesion induction on the surface of the concrete block.|[0030] (5) Placing the waste concrete blocks: in the local sea area oyster planktonic larvae settlement metamorphosis period of the second year, a scattered placement method is adopted, waste concrete blocks with the volume of more than 1 cubic meter are placed singly, and each waste concrete block is covered by a rope; covering a plurality of waste concrete blocks with the volume of less than 1 cubic meter by using ropes to form a waste concrete block pile with the volume of 1-5 cubic meters, wherein the internal void ratio is 40-60%; the waste concrete blocks and the waste concrete block piles are connected by ropes.|[0031] (6) Placing the oyster attaching base on site: transporting oyster attaching bases with gonad development stages of the oysters in the step (3) as maturation stages to a sea area for constructing a breakwater, placing 1-2 oyster attaching bases on each monomer waste concrete block or waste concrete block pile, and fixing the waste concrete blocks or waste concrete block piles by adopting ropes; and according to the plankton condition of the local sea area, bait is put in or nutrient salt of the bait is placed in as necessary.|[0032] (7) Monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment condition of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete, and determining the attachment condition of oyster larvae to be 30-40/100 cm2And moving away the oyster attaching base, monitoring the ecological condition of the breakwater for a long time, and adopting corresponding measures according to the actual condition.|[0033] (2) The light concrete adhesive base with the rough surface, which is prepared by the specific measures in the specification, comprises the following material components: the cementing material, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, water, the dark pigment, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements, the chopped fiber and the superplasticizer are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 21.8% -34.5%, 24.6% -37.5%, 15.8% -29.6%, 8.4% -16.4%, 0.6-3.0%, 0.4% -2.0%, 0.2% -1.8%, 0.15% -1.5% and 0.03% -0.18%.|[0034] Preferably, the dark color pigment is: one or two of iron oxide black, aniline black, carbon black, antimony sulfide, iron oxide red and organic pigment red.|[0035] Preferably, the dark color pigment is: according to the influence degree on the performance of concrete, the pigments are modified by adopting one of transparent resin, organic silicon, dimethyl siloxane and super-hydrophobic materials.|[0036] Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: the biological calcium carbonate powder is one or a plurality of compounds of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium carbonate powder is 100-1000 meshes.|[0037] Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating the 100-500-mesh bovine bone powder by using one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.|[0038] Preferably, the calcium carbonate powder is: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and one or more of light calcium carbonate, activated calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and superfine light calcium carbonate which are processed, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes.|[0039] Preferably, the trace elements of zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus can be selected from natural minerals, industrial products or chemical reagents, including one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and iron phosphate, and are modified to realize slow release of corresponding ions and reduce or eliminate adverse effects on the performance of concrete. However, nitrogen and phosphorus are not selected for the eutrophic area.|[0040] Preferably, the cementing material is one of silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and alkali-activated cementing material doped with mineral admixture. Wherein the mineral admixture in the silicate cement doped with the mineral admixture comprises one or more of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash; the sulphoaluminate cement comprises one or two of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, high-strength sulphoaluminate cement and expansion sulphoaluminate cement; the alkali-activated cementing material comprises one of alkali-activated slag, alkali-activated slag and fly ash.|[0041] Preferably, the chopped fibers are inorganic fibers (with the length of 12-20 mm) and comprise one or more of basalt fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers and carbon fibers.|[0042] Preferably, the lightweight coarse aggregate is: one or two of crushed light porous basalt and light ceramsite with the maximum grain size of less than 20 mm.|[0043] Preferably, the lightweight fine aggregate is: one or two of the crushed zeolite and the light ceramic sand have the grain diameter of 0.2 mm-5 mm.|[0044] A preparation method of a cement concrete oyster attaching base with a rough surface comprises the following steps:|[0045] s1: designing different roughness according to the characteristics of the oyster larvae which favor to attach to the rough surface, and then manufacturing forming templates with different roughness;|[0046] s2: weighing a cementing material, a light coarse aggregate, a light fine aggregate, water, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, chopped fibers and a superplasticizer;|[0047] s3: firstly, putting the light coarse aggregate and the light fine aggregate into a concrete mixer to be mixed for 0.5-1 minute; then adding a cementing material, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder and trace elements, and continuously stirring for 1-2 minutes; then adding chopped fibers, water and a superplasticizer and stirring for 2-6 minutes; and after the mixture is uniformly stirred, pouring and vibrating.|[0048] S4: placing the concrete sample after the form removal in high-concentration CO according to the condition2And curing in a curing box for 0.5 to 5 hours, reducing the alkalinity of the cement test piece, and then performing standard curing for 28d or curing according to actual conditions.|[0049] The cement concrete oyster attaching base with rough surface and good induction effect can be prepared.|[0050] (2) The cement-based ecological attachment base is characterized in that a circular hole with the diameter of 3-5 mm is reserved in the cement-based ecological attachment base during forming, and the cement-based ecological attachment base is in the shape of one of a plate-shaped attachment base, a wave-shaped attachment base and a cylindrical attachment base.|[0051] (3) The specific measures of the method are that the floating larvae of the oysters are intensively attached and metamorphosis, wherein the north is generally 5-8 months, and the south is generally 4-10 months.|[0052] (4) The emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating material as specifically defined in (1). The specific technical scheme is as follows: the material components are as follows: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the emulsified asphalt to the sand to the water to the biological calcium powder to the calcium carbonate powder to the trace elements to the acrylic emulsion to the superplasticizer is 1: (0.4-0.8), (0.5-1.3), (0.10-0.30), (0.02-0.10), (0.01-0.08), (0.08-0.15) and (0.001-0.008).|[0053] Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: the bovine bone powder and the biological calcium carbonate powder comprise one or more of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium carbonate powder is 100-1000 meshes.|[0054] Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating the 100-500-mesh bovine bone powder by using one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.|[0055] Preferably, the trace elements of zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus can be selected from natural minerals, industrial products or chemical reagents, including one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and iron phosphate, and are modified to realize slow release of corresponding ions and reduce or eliminate adverse effects on the performance of concrete. However, nitrogen and phosphorus are not selected for the eutrophic area.|[0056] Preferably, the calcium carbonate powder is: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and one or more of light calcium carbonate, activated calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and superfine light calcium carbonate which are processed, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes.|[0057] Preferably, the acrylic emulsion is a polyurethane modified emulsion.|[0058] Preferably, the emulsified asphalt is one of cationic emulsified asphalt and anionic emulsified asphalt. The performance indexes are that the content of evaporation residues is more than 55 percent, the stability of 5 days is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the residue on a sieve (a sieve with 1.18 mm) is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.|[0059] Preferably, the cementing material is: silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and alkali-activated cementing material mixed with mineral admixture. Wherein the mineral admixture in the silicate cement doped with the mineral admixture comprises one or more of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash; the sulphoaluminate cement comprises one or two of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, high-strength sulphoaluminate cement and expansion sulphoaluminate cement; the alkali-activated cementing material comprises one of alkali-activated slag, alkali-activated slag and fly ash.|[0060] Preferably, the sand is one or more of river sand with the particle size of 0.16-2.36 mm, machine-made sand (mother rock can be limestone, basalt or granite) and sea sand.|[0061] Preferably, the superplasticizer is, for example, one of polycarboxylic acids and naphthalene series.|[0062] A preparation method of an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating comprises the following steps:|[0063] s1: weighing emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer;|[0064] s2: placing the cementing material, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements and the powdery superplasticizer into a mixer, wherein the rotating speed is 1000-1500 rpm, and the mixing time is 4-8 minutes;|[0065] s3: then placing the sand into the sand, adjusting the rotating speed to be 500-;|[0066] s4: mixing the acrylic emulsion, the emulsified asphalt and water uniformly, and placing the mixture and the uniformly mixed materials into a 200-fold high-speed stirrer with the rotation speed of 500 rpm for stirring for 5-10 minutes.|[0067] The emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with good induction effect for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering can be prepared.|[0068] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0069] the marine ecological breakwater is constructed by utilizing blocky building wastes generated by buildings, infrastructure and the like, not only can the waste concrete be fully utilized, the characteristics of waste recycling and energy saving are met, but also the water body can be purified, the coastal line erosion can be prevented, the biological diversity can be maintained, the carbon is fixed, the marine acidification is slowed down and the ecological restoration capability is realized by inducing the growth of the oyster attaching base.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0070] FIG. 1 shows the mildew on the surface of concrete doped with 10% bovine bone powder in different mixing ratios;|[0071] FIG. 2 shows different mixing ratios of modified 10% bovine bone meal with fineness greater than 200 meshes;|[0072] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sea adhesion experiment 210 d;|[0073] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sea adhesion experiment 300 d;|[0074] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of concrete oyster attachment base in different shapes;|[0075] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of concrete oyster attachment base in different shapes;|[0076] fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of concrete oyster attachment base in different shapes.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0077] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. The specific technical scheme of the engineering scheme comprises the following steps:|[0078] example 1:|[0079] (1) surveying the sea area of the bulwark building position: investigating the dominant species of the oysters in the sea area and whether oysters are attached, and performing 15 times per quarter test and recording the air temperature, sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate and Ca in the sea area2+、Zn2+、K+Ions, and meanwhile, the typhoon frequency and strength of the whole year are investigated; looking up the sea area meteorological and hydrological data for many years; analyzing feasible methods and solving measures for building the ecological riprap breakwater;|[0080] (2) preparing a concrete adhesive base: ecological concrete is adopted to prepare a lightweight concrete oyster attachment base with a rough surface, the size of the attachment base is 10cm multiplied by 2cm, and after the mould is removed, CO is immediately carried out for 1 hour under 10 atmospheric pressures2Curing is followed by standard curing 28 d.|[0081] (3) And (3) regular and quantitative collection and cultivation of oyster fries: in 7 months, placing lightweight coarse concrete attaching base in the seedling collecting area of nearby sea area, and allowing the oyster larvae to attach at a rate of 20/100 cm2Stopping picking seedlings, and then transferring the seedlings to rich baitsThe sea area of (2) is cultured in a floating way.|[0082] (4) Surface treatment of waste concrete: sampling (5% of the total amount) to detect alkalinity, internal ion concentration and permeability of the waste concrete, and if the pH is more than 12.5, subjecting the waste concrete to CO treatment under 10 atmospheres for 1 hour2Curing, reducing alkalinity, wetting concrete block, and spraying or brushing an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with high bonding strength and high oyster adhesion on the surface.|[0083] (5) Placing the waste concrete: in 6 months of the second year, a scattered placement method is adopted, waste concrete blocks with the volume of more than 1 cubic meter are placed singly, and each waste concrete block is covered by a rope cage; covering a plurality of waste concrete blocks with the volume of less than 1 cubic meter by using ropes to form a waste concrete block pile with the volume of 1-5 cubic meters, wherein the internal void ratio is 50%; the waste concrete blocks (piles) are connected by adopting ropes, and the distance between every two waste concrete blocks (piles) is kept at 4 m;|[0084] (6) placing the oyster attaching base on site: transporting oyster bases with good attachment to concrete surface oysters (gonadal development stages are mature stages) to a sea area for constructing a breakwater, placing an oyster attachment base on each monomer waste concrete block (pile), and fixing each waste concrete block (pile) by adopting a rope.|[0085] (7) Monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment density of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete to reach 35/100 cm2Removing the oyster attaching base; and meanwhile, the type and the quantity of plankton in the sea area are monitored, and whether the bait is continuously thrown or not is determined.|[0086] Example 2:|[0087] (1) surveying the sea area of the bulwark building position: investigating the dominant species of the oysters in the sea area and whether oysters are attached, and performing 15 times per quarter test and recording the air temperature, sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate and Ca in the sea area2+、Zn2+、K+Ions, and meanwhile, the typhoon frequency and strength of the whole year are investigated; looking up the sea area meteorological and hydrological data for many years; feasible method for analyzing construction of ecological riprap breakwater and solution measureApplying;|[0088] (2) preparing a concrete adhesive base: ecological concrete is adopted to prepare a lightweight concrete oyster attachment base with a rough surface, the size of the attachment base is 10cm multiplied by 3cm, and after the mould is removed, CO is immediately carried out for 1.5 hours under 10 atmospheric pressures2Curing is followed by standard curing 28 d.|[0089] (3) And (3) regular and quantitative collection and cultivation of oyster fries: in 8 months, placing lightweight coarse concrete attaching base in the seedling collecting area of nearby sea area, and allowing oyster larvae to attach at 25/100 cm2Stopping collecting seedlings, and then moving the seedlings to a sea area with rich baits for floating culture.|[0090] (4) Surface treatment of waste concrete: sampling (5% of the total amount) to detect alkalinity, internal ion concentration and permeability of the waste concrete, and if the pH is more than 12.5, subjecting the waste concrete to CO treatment under 10 atmospheres for 1 hour2Curing, reducing alkalinity, wetting concrete block, and spraying or brushing an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with high bonding strength and high oyster adhesion on the surface.|[0091] (5) Placing the waste concrete: in 7 months in the next year, a scattered placement method is adopted, waste concrete blocks with the volume of more than 1 cubic meter are placed singly, and each waste concrete block is covered by a rope cage; covering a plurality of waste concrete blocks with the volume of less than 1 cubic meter by using ropes to form a waste concrete block pile with the volume of 1-5 cubic meters, wherein the internal void ratio is 60%; the waste concrete blocks (piles) are connected by adopting ropes, and the distance between every two waste concrete blocks (piles) is kept at 5 m;|[0092] (6) placing the oyster attaching base on site: transporting oyster bases with good attachment to concrete surface oysters (gonadal development stages are mature stages) to a sea area for constructing a breakwater, placing a light concrete oyster attachment base with rough surface on each monomer waste concrete block (pile), and fixing the waste concrete blocks (piles) by adopting ropes.|[0093] (7) Monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment density of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete to reach 40/100 cm2Removing the oyster attaching base; simultaneously monitoring the species and quantity of plankton in the sea area to determine whether to useAnd continuously throwing the bait.|[0094] Specific examples of the oyster adhesion-based and asphalt-cement-based coatings described in examples 1 and 2 are as follows:|[0095] the specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:|[0096] the concrete mixing proportion of the lightweight concrete oyster attachment base with rough surface (examples 1-26) is as follows, and the emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering (examples 27-36):|[0097] 1: the common Portland cement concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29.37%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0098] Wherein the light coarse aggregate is one or two of crushed light porous basalt with the maximum grain size of less than 20mm and light ceramsite. The light fine aggregate is one or two of crushed zeolite and light ceramic sand, the particle size of the light fine aggregate is 0.2-5 mm, and the light fine aggregate is good in gradation. The water meets the concrete water standard (JGJ63-2006), the Cl-content is less than 1000mg/L, the PH value is more than 4.5, and the influence on the initial setting time difference, the final setting time, the strength and the permeability of the cement is small. The materials selected in examples 1 to 25 are the same.|[0099] 2: the reference concrete has the following weight proportions of ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder: 17.62%, 1.47%, 10.28%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0100] 3: the weight proportions of the unmodified dark pigment, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0101] 4: the weight proportions of the unmodified dark pigment, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0102] 5: the weight proportions of the unmodified dark pigment, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0103] 6: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0104] 7: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0105] 8: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0106] The modified dark color pigment is prepared by mixing 196 transparent resin, 3% of curing agent and 1.5% of accelerator with the pigment, wherein the volume ratio of the pigment to the resin is as follows: 1: 0.2; curing at normal temperature for 4h, curing at 60 deg.C for 4h, then breaking, and grinding with vibration mill to obtain the final product with fineness greater than 400 mesh.|[0107] 9: the weight proportions of the calcium carbonate powder, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0108] 10: the weight proportions of the calcium carbonate powder, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0109] 11: the weight proportions of the calcium carbonate powder, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0110] 12: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: aniline black mixture mass ratio is 1:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0111] 13: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: aniline black mixture mass ratio is 1:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.10%, 7.71%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0112] 14: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: aniline black mixture mass ratio is 1:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 2.35%, 17.62%, 0.99%, 6.94%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0113] 15: the weight proportions of the unmodified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0114] 16: the weight proportions of the unmodified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0115] 17: the weight proportions of the unmodified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0116] 18: the modified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0117] 19: the modified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0118] 20: the modified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0119] The method for modifying the bovine bone meal comprises the following steps: adding 100-mesh bovine bone meal into 2% phosphoric acid solution, wherein the weight ratio of the bovine bone meal to the phosphoric acid solution is 1:3, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, a centrifugal machine with the rotating speed of 3000-5000 rpm is adopted for centrifugation for 3 minutes, supernatant is poured off, solid matters of the centrifuged solid matters are washed for 2-3 times by water, and washing water does not show acidity any more; and (3) drying the centrifuged solid substance in vacuum at 40 ℃, and grinding the dried bovine bone meal and 1:4 of slag powder to the fineness of more than 200 meshes by using a vibration mill for later use.|[0120] 21: calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, blast furnace slag powder, silica fume, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 2.35%, 0.5%, 1.47%, 17.62%, 0.93%, 6.50%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0121] 22: calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, blast furnace slag powder, silica fume, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 2.35%, 1.2%, 1.47%, 17.62%, 0.84%, 5.89%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0122] 23: zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, macadam, sand, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder in sequence: 0.5%, 1.47%, 0.87%, 17.62%, 0.93%, 6.50%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0123] 24: zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, macadam, sand, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder in sequence: 0.6%, 1.47%, 0.87%, 17.62%, 0.84%, 5.89%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0124] The modification method of zinc sulfate comprises the following steps: selecting diatomite SiO2Adding 150g of water and 100g of zinc sulfate into diatomite with the content of more than 90 percent and the fineness of 600 meshes in a stirrer at the temperature of 60 ℃, and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved for later use; and then 150g of the diatomite is heated to 60 ℃, added into the solution, stirred for 10 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, and then dried in a drying box with the drying temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the modified zinc sulfate.|[0125] 25: the weight ratio of zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, broken stone, sand, water, short-cut fiber and polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder is as follows in sequence: 0.5%, 1.47%, 0.87%, 17.62%, 0.94%, 6.50%, 33.07%, 24.14%, 12.59%, 0.8%, 0.03%|[0126] 26: the concrete oyster attachment base adopts the concrete and is designed into concrete oyster attachment bases with different shapes, which are shown in figures 5-7.|[0127] 27: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.05:0.05:0.04:0.12:0.005.|[0128] 28: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.08:0.08:0.06:0.12:0.005.|[0129] 29: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.08:0.08:0.02:0.12:0.005.|[0130] 30: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.03:0.03:0.06:0.12:0.005.|[0131] 31: emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer in sequence by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.03:0.03:0.04:0.12:0.005.|[0132] 32: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.05:0.05:0.02:0.12:0.005.|[0133] 33: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.08:0.08:0.04:0.12:0.005.|[0134] 34: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.08:0.08:0.06:0.12:0.005.|[0135] 35: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.03:0.05:0.02:0.12:0.005.|[0136] 36: emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer in sequence by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.03:0.03:0.02:0.12:0.005.|[0137] The method for modifying the bovine bone meal comprises the following steps: adding 100-mesh bovine bone meal into 2% phosphoric acid solution, wherein the weight ratio of the bovine bone meal to the phosphoric acid solution is 1:3, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, a centrifugal machine with the rotating speed of 3000-5000 rpm is adopted for centrifugation for 3 minutes, supernatant is poured off, solid matters of the centrifuged solid matters are washed for 2-3 times by water, and washing water does not show acidity any more; and (3) drying the centrifuged solid substance in vacuum at 40 ℃, mixing the dried bovine bone meal and the slag powder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and grinding the mixture by using a vibration mill until the fineness is more than 200 meshes for later use.|[0138] The modification method of zinc sulfate comprises the following steps: selecting diatomite SiO2Adding 150g of water and 100g of zinc sulfate into diatomite with the content of more than 90 percent and the fineness of 600 meshes in a stirrer at the temperature of 60 ℃, and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved for later use; and then 150g of the diatomite is heated to 60 ℃, added into the solution, stirred for 10 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, and then dried in a drying box with the drying temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the modified zinc sulfate.|[0139] Comparison document 1: (Living breakwater _ New York coastal Green infrastructure _ Sun-Crane)|[0140] The construction of the "living" breakwater, the macroscopic design, the surface texture and the use of low-alkali cement for the concrete member, increase the marine biomass, but the increase includes marine plants and marine sessile organisms, and is mainly marine plants, is performed in the comparison document 1.|[0141] In the invention, besides low alkalization is carried out on cement, dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements and modified carbonate (hydrogen) are added into concrete for inducing oyster larvae, the induction has the characteristics of rapidness and compactness, the effect is good, and the ecological environment of sea areas can be improved to a great extent.|[0142] Compared with the comparison document 2 (a bionic concrete artificial fish reef and a preparation method 2015CN104938384A), the differences are that:|[0143] (1) the object in the present invention is different from comparative document 2: in comparison document 2, although a layer of cement mortar mixed with ground oyster shells is coated on the surface of concrete, the purpose is mainly achieved by surface bionic property, fish, microorganisms and algae are collected, the number of microorganisms is increased, and the water environment is improved, and oyster is not mentioned. The purpose of the emulsified asphalt-cement based coating of the present invention is to induce oyster adhesion.|[0144] (2) The comparison document 2 indicates that in cement mortar, the biological calcium carbonate powder (150-200 meshes) with the cement mass of less than 10% is not obvious in induced adhesion. In the research process, the modified bovine bone meal and biological calcium carbonate powder are mixed to form the emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating (the fineness is 100-1000 meshes), so that the optimal mixing amount of the bovine bone meal and the biological calcium carbonate powder is within 10% of that of the cementing material.|[0145] (3) By modifying the bovine bone powder and the biological calcium carbonate powder, in particular to egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder of 100 meshes to 500 meshes which are treated by the following acids, including one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid, sulfurous acid and the like; bovine bone meal of 100 to 500 mesh was treated with an acid comprising diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.|[0146] (4) The contrast document is difficult to construct by embedding oyster shells on the concrete surface, and the method can not be adopted on the surface of each project, so that the feasibility is low. The invention can achieve the effect of inducing sessile organisms by coating a layer of emulsified asphalt-cement-based paint on the surface of concrete, does not need to be embedded with oyster shells, has simple construction and can also greatly increase the attachment of the oysters.|[0147] (5) In the marine environment, the phenomenon that the artificial fish reef is seriously corroded for many times in recent years appears, and the serious corrosion is mainly caused by the combined action of biological sulfuric acid secreted by anaerobic microorganism thiobacillus, acid substances secreted by other bacteria and the like. Calcium carbonate is weak in acid corrosion resistance, and therefore, excessive calcium carbonate with a large fineness causes severe acid corrosion.|[0148] Compared to reference 3 (Vanreilin. influence of matrix type on oyster attachment, growth, population establishment and reef development [ D ]), the differences are:|[0149] (1) in comparison document 3, 80-mesh bovine bone powder, calcium powder and gypsum powder were used, each separately added to concrete. The fineness of all the calcium materials in the invention is more than 100 meshes and more than that of the materials in the comparison document 3. The bovine bone meal is also added, modified, and the grading of the coating and concrete particles and the induction capability of the coating and concrete particles are considered.|[0150] (2) Grinding the bovine bone powder by using a vibration mill at normal temperature, wherein when the fineness is more than 80 meshes, the bovine bone powder contains a large amount of collagen and is seriously agglomerated, so that the bovine bone powder cannot be continuously ground. The invention adopts dilute acid modification technology and is compounded with other substances and ground to obtain the modified biological calcium powder with small particle size and fineness of more than 200 meshes. The prepared biological calcium powder keeps the original substances of the biological calcium, increases the release rate of substances which induce oyster larvae to adhere to the biological calcium powder, and reduces the doping amount of the biological calcium powder, thereby reducing the influence on the performance of the coating and the concrete.|[0151] (3) Because the bovine bone meal contains rich organic substances such as collagen, the great amount of the substances can cause the strength and impermeability of the coating and concrete to be reduced, particularly after the content of the organic substances exceeds 5 percent, the mixing amount is increased, the strength of the coating and concrete is rapidly reduced, the impermeability is obviously reduced, and the surface of the coating and concrete can grow mildewed under standard curing conditions. FIG. 1 shows the mildew formation of a concrete specimen. FIG. 2 shows the surface condition of the modified concrete.|[0152] As can be seen from FIG. 1, the mold on the concrete surface appeared white flocculent, covering almost the entire concrete surface; the concrete surface in figure 2 has no mildew due to the same amount of bovine bone meal, age and curing conditions.|[0153] According to the invention, by controlling and adopting the dilute acid modification and composite grinding technology, the induction capability of the bovine bone meal is fully exerted, the mixing amount of the bovine bone meal is greatly reduced, and the anti-corrosion treatment and modification are carried out, so that the composite inducer mainly comprising the bovine bone meal is realized, the mixing amount is small, the strength and the permeability of the coating and the concrete are hardly influenced, the oyster larva attachment capability is very strong, the problem of mildew of the coating and the concrete is solved, and the oyster larva attachment number of the concrete doped with the inducer is obviously increased compared with the concrete not doped with the inducer, which is shown in figure 3 in particular.|[0154] The comparison documents and the reference documents show that: the calcium content is important for the attachment of oyster larvae, and the addition of a proper amount of calcium carbonate substances into the cement-based material is also proved by some current experimental results to promote the attachment and growth of the oyster larvae. However, cement paint and cement concrete contain a large amount of calcium ions, the pH value of the pore solution is generally larger than 12.5, and the pH value of the saturated calcium hydroxide solution is about 12 at normal temperature, so the concentration of the calcium ions in the concrete pore solution is about 5 mmol/L; the solubility of calcium carbonate is very low, and is only 9.5X 10 at 25 DEG C-5mol/L(9.5 x 10-2mmol/L). At present, the optimal range of calcium ion concentration for inducing oyster attachment is considered to be 10-25 mmol/L, and even if oyster larvae are placed in saturated calcium carbonate solution, enough Ca is not available2+The concentration provides a suitable ionic concentration for adhesion of the oysters. Further, Ca (OH) in the interior of cement coating and concrete2Can be released more quickly, while the dissolution of calcium carbonate takes longer. Therefore, it was confirmed that incorporation of calcium carbonate material in paints and concrete promotes adhesion of oyster larvae, Ca2+Not the dominant role. Early attachment, metamorphosis and HCO of oyster3-Related to Ca in allergy2+Together generating a secondary shell of calcium carbonate. After calcium carbonate is added, the calcium carbonate is mixed with CO2Reacting with water to form Ca (HCO)3)2The later participation in the attachment is the fundamental mechanism for promoting the attachment of oyster larvae.|[0155] The calcium carbonate doping amount in the cement-based material has an optimal doping amount, which can be explained from the following three aspects:|[0156] 1) for equivalent substituted cement, as the calcium carbonate content is increased, the alkali in the coating and concrete is diluted, the total alkalinity is reduced, but as the calcium carbonate content is increased, the dissolution probability of the calcium carbonate in the coating and concrete is increased, and the HCO in the solution is increased3-The content is increased, so that the attachment and metamorphosis of oysters are promoted; however, when the amount of the carbonate is too large, the permeability of the coating and the concrete is increased rapidly, alkali and carbonate in the coating and the concrete are exuded rapidly, so that the negative effect of the alkali is obvious, and the critical or negative effect of the carbonate is obvious, so that the adhesion is reduced;|[0157] 2) for the same amount of substituted aggregate, the permeability of the coating and concrete is reduced along with the increase of the mixing amount, and calcium ions and OH are caused-The bleeding of (2) is reduced, but the permeation rate of carbonate ions is gradually increased, and when reaching a certain value, the adhesion of the oyster reaches the maximum value; as the doping amount continues to increase, the calcium ions decrease greatly, carbonate ions may decrease, and the concentration of the calcium ions can limit the attachment of oyster larvae, which is expressed as the decrease of the attachment amount;|[0158] 3) for the same amount of mineral-substituted admixtures, the permeability is increased along with the increase of the admixture, and the HCO required for oyster adhesion is increased due to the increase of calcium carbonate3-The concentration reaches a proper range, which is shown as the attachment of oyster larvae is increased; as the amount of the mineral admixture continues to increase, the amount of the mineral admixture is reduced, so that the amount of alkali exuded increases, carbonate increases, but excess alkali and HCO3-The ions inhibit adhesion of oyster larvae.|[0159] Compared with a comparison document 4 (plum true, public, green, heavy, et. bio-adhesion effect of concrete artificial fish reef of different cement types [ J ] fishery science progress, 2017,38(5):57-63.), the difference is that:|[0160] in comparative document 4, composite portland cement, slag portland cement, pozzolanic portland cement, fly ash portland cement, and aluminate cement were used: the invention adopts the composite doping of ordinary portland cement and mineral admixture to realize low-alkalinity cement; the silica fume is one of mineral admixtures, has high activity, has obvious effect of improving the durability of reinforced concrete in the marine environment by proper mixing amount, and can obtain low-alkalinity cement with excellent strength and durability through optimized design and experiments. Meanwhile, by utilizing the characteristic of high impermeability of the silica fume concrete, a large amount of oyster larvae are attached, distorted and grown even if the alkalinity inside the concrete is higher. And the alkalinity of the cement concrete is regulated and controlled by adopting the composition of the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, so that a proper pH value is provided for the adhesion of oyster larvae. In addition, marine plants and sessile organisms such as oysters and barnacles have different alkali resistance and different environments required in the attachment period and later period, such as the attachment, metamorphosis and later growth of barnacles and oysters, need a large amount of calcium ions.|[0161] The concrete in the comparison document 4 is used for enriching marine organisms, mainly in view of the size and diversity of attached biomass, and the main attached organisms are various algae and the like. The aim of the research in the invention is to induce oyster adhesion, but the tolerance of oysters and barnacles to alkalinity is higher than that of algae, and a large amount of calcium ions are needed for adhesion and metamorphosis of oysters, so that two kinds of concrete look the same and are greatly different. Fig. 4 and 5 are comparison results of biological adhesion after the experiment of the comparison document 3 for about 210d and the experiment of the invention for 300d, respectively.|[0162] The concrete in the comparison document 4 is used for enriching marine organisms, mainly in view of the size and diversity of attached biomass, and the main attached organisms are various algae and the like. The aim of the research in the invention is to induce oyster adhesion, but the tolerance of oysters and barnacles to alkalinity is higher than that of algae, and a large amount of calcium ions are needed for adhesion and metamorphosis of oysters, so that two kinds of concrete look the same and are greatly different.|[0163] Therefore, since this part of knowledge relates to marine periphyton, the intersection of marine plants and marine concrete engineering disciplines, no matter those skilled in concrete and engineering fields or marine life fields, the technical feature of the present invention that relates the balance between concrete alkalinity reduction and calcium ion concentration to the attachment of marine periphyton can be obtained by comparing document 3.|[0164] In addition, the unique characteristics and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0165] dark pigments or emulsified bitumens|[0166] By utilizing the light-resistant characteristic of oyster eyespot larvae, dark pigments (one or two of black iron oxide, nigrosine, carbon black, antimony sulfide, red iron oxide and organic pigment red) or asphalt are doped into the concrete to change the color of the concrete, so that the color of the concrete is darkened, oyster larvae are considered as a dark environment, the oyster larvae are induced to arrive at the dark concrete surface by themselves, the contact probability of the larvae and the concrete surface is increased, and the oyster larva induced attachment rate is increased. The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0167] the researchers of marine organisms, in order to breed and proliferate or in order to eliminate undesirable populations, consider the study of the adhesion of marine periphyton with different colored substrates, belonging to the subject of marine biology. The discipline of marine concrete engineering or concrete materials is quite different and is two big disciplines. By crossing the marine sessile organisms with the concrete discipline, the oyster larva induced attachment by adopting the dark-color coating and the concrete is obtained. In the invention, dark pigment or asphalt is added to deepen the color of paint and concrete to promote the attachment of oyster larvae. The incorporation of other materials into coatings and concrete can affect their performance. The invention considers that the concrete with different cement has different surface colors. Therefore, the amount of the dark color substance is determined according to the type and amount of the cement. Dark pigments or asphalt can also affect the properties of coatings and concrete. Most importantly, the deep color pigment or the asphalt is added, and the alkali and Ca in the coating and the concrete are not controlled2+When the permeation rate is equal, the released alkali can influence the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of sessile organism larvae, and when the mixing amount is more than a certain value, the attachment amount of the larvae is reduced. The impermeability of the concrete is designed and controlled, and the main measures are as follows: dark pigment or bitumen typeSelecting, controlling the adding amount and modifying. The attachment rate of the larvae is increased along with the increase of the doped amount of the dark substance, and when the doped amount is 0.5-6% of the cementing material, the attachment amount of the larvae is maximum, but then the attachment amount is slightly increased or kept unchanged.|[0168] Trace elements|[0169] According to the enrichment of a large amount of zinc in the oyster body, the zinc is far higher than the seawater where the oyster lives, and meanwhile, the oyster body also contains more Fe, P and K elements. At the same time, the appropriate Zn in the solution2+,K+The concentration can promote early stage attachment and metamorphosis of oyster larva. Therefore, zinc phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, zinc sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, iron phosphate and calcium phosphate are used as trace elements to be doped into the concrete, and the strength and the impermeability of the concrete are basically kept unchanged through modifying the substances, so that the induced attachment rate of oyster larvae is greatly increased. The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0170] the marine organism researchers, in order to clarify the oyster attachment mechanism and the purpose of breeding and proliferation, research the attachment and metamorphosis of different ions to marine periphyton, belong to the marine biology subject. The discipline of marine concrete engineering or concrete materials is quite different and is two big disciplines. Through the crossing of marine sessile organisms and concrete disciplines, the method is obtained by adding corresponding substances into the coating and the concrete to induce the adhesion of oyster larvae on the surface of the concrete. Because the soluble salts greatly affect the performance of the concrete, such as the early workability, the setting time and the later strength and impermeability, the invention adopts the diatomite as the carrier, fixes the inorganic salts in the diatomite, reduces the performance influence of the soluble salts on the coating and the concrete, and simultaneously utilizes the effect of the diatomite on improving the performance of the coating and the concrete to realize that the good performance of the coating and the concrete can still be maintained when the inducing substances are added. In addition, the diatomite has a slow release effect as a carrier, so that the soluble salt is slowly released, and particularly, after the diatomite is soaked in seawater for a certain time, the release rate is maintained at a small rate. Therefore, this part of knowledge also relates to the intersection of marine periphyton, chemistry and marine concrete engineering disciplines, and neither those skilled in the concrete and engineering fields nor marine life fields can, by the present background, obtain the technical features of the present invention of incorporating trace elements into coatings and concrete, altering the ionic content of trace elements on the surface of coatings and concrete and controlling the permeability of coatings and concrete in close association with coatings and concrete having a high ability to induce oyster larvae attachment.|[0171] Coating and concrete penetration|[0172] The strength and permeability of coatings and concrete are the two most important properties of coatings and concrete. When considering that different substances are added to promote adhesion, metamorphosis and later growth of oyster larvae, the strength and permeability of the oyster larvae cannot be greatly influenced by the oyster larvae, and then raw materials are selected according to the compatibility of various raw materials. However, in the related research, although the influence of the calcium content on the adhesion of the oyster larvae is considered, the permeability of the coating and the concrete is changed to change the alkali and ion leakage rate inside the coating and the concrete, and the poorer the impermeability of the coating and the concrete, the larger the alkali and ion leakage rate inside the coating and the concrete is, and the increase of the alkali and ion leakage rate may be exponential, regardless of the performance of the concrete itself. Thus, these released alkalis and ions have a great influence on the larvae, and there may be cases where the adhesion is promoted to be inhibited, which is more serious particularly when the cement is contained in a large amount. Therefore, the inducer is added into the coating and the concrete, and the permeability resistance of the coating and the concrete must be ensured to be changed within a controllable range, such as the change is not more than 10%. The induction effects of these can only be compared, otherwise the influence of the single or compound addition of the inducer on the induction effect of the oyster larvae cannot be evaluated.|[0173] Only the optimum environment required by the adhesion, metamorphosis and later growth of marine periphyton is mastered, and the coating and the concrete can be designed based on the high impermeability of the coating and the concrete, rather than neglecting the impermeability change of the coating and the concrete due to the consideration of the mixing amount of various raw materials. Therefore, this part of knowledge also relates to the intersection of marine periphyton, chemistry and marine concrete engineering disciplines, and no one skilled in the concrete and engineering fields or marine biology field can obtain the technical characteristics of the present invention that the overall control of the impermeability of the coating and concrete is closely linked to the ability of the inducer to promote the efficient induced adhesion of oysters by the existing background.|[0174] Therefore, since this part of knowledge relates to the intersection of marine periphytons, marine plants and marine concrete engineering disciplines, no one skilled in concrete and engineering fields or marine life fields can obtain the technical characteristics of the present invention of color change, bovine bone meal modification, milling technology and control of paint and concrete permeability in combination with paint and concrete having high efficiency of inducing oyster adhesion and high durability by comparing documents 1 to 3. And the technical feature of the present invention that the balance between the concrete alkalinity decrease and the calcium ion concentration is closely linked to the attachment of marine periphyton cannot be obtained by comparison with document 4.|[0175] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. | (CN111321699)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to an ecological wave-lift prevention technology, in particular to a marine ecological engineering construction method of waste concrete, and belongs to the field of marine ecological engineering.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Because of the rapid development of coastal economy in recent decades and no attention to environmental protection, large-scale damage to coastal ecology is caused, and huge influence is caused on coastal ecology and economy in China. At present, a series of relevant policies of China emerge, the ocean engineering construction of China also faces a peak period, and simultaneously, the ocean engineering constructed in a large scale and the breakwater which ensures the stability of the surrounding sea area further destroy the originally fragile ecosystem of the ocean. Without proper protection of ecological environment, the method brings about greater disaster to the ecology along the shore of the ocean. Meanwhile, most coastal infrastructures cannot be dismantled, and the ecology in the sea area needs to be restored, so that people gradually realize the application of ecological technology on a large number of infrastructures, and the ecology in the sea area can be effectively improved or restored. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to construct a breakwater having good ecological effects, or to ecologize the existing breakwater, so as to improve the offshore ecological environment.|[0003] In order to reduce the damage of ocean engineering to the ocean ecological environment, people have been trying to improve the ocean environment by various methods in recent years. From the engineering perspective, CN208039153U discloses an ecological breakwater capable of keeping water flow smooth, which adopts a culvert designed at the bottom, biological attachment made of rubber blocks, and a riprap levee body structure, so as to realize certain ecological functions on the basis of wave prevention and wave absorption; the university of Wuhan's rational engineering discloses a method for manufacturing a plant ecological floating breakwater, which is provided with a floating platform, the main structure of the floating platform adopts reinforced concrete, mangrove plants are planted on the reinforced concrete, and the floating breakwater has certain ecological effect and is mainly characterized by having good landscape effect and meeting the beautiful requirements of yacht wharves and the like on the breakwater; sydney university has studied two concrete surface grooving modes, and after grooving, the oyster attachment rate is improved by 50%, and the biomass inside the groove is 3 times of that of the raised part. In addition, france has studied a new breakwater structure consisting of a number of columns, placed at a distance of hundreds of metres from the shore or from the existing breakwater. The calm weather allows the waves to pass freely, and the extreme weather upright post reflects the impact force of the waves, so that the aim of protecting the coastline is fulfilled. In addition, the new york gulf has built a 'living' breakwater, which is designed comprehensively, and increases marine biomass by macroscopic design, surface texture and the use of low-alkali cement to make concrete members. Can improve wave-absorbing ability and ecological effect.|[0004] So far, only research has focused on the influence of the structural change of the breakwater on the sea ecosystem, and individual research aims at the influence of the low alkalinity of concrete and the texture of members on biological enrichment. The oysters are ecological engineers and are mainly concentrated in a tidal range area and within 30 meters underwater, and meanwhile, the oysters are likely to be attached to the shells of the same kind to form a thick oyster reef, so that the oysters are attached to the breakwater compactly, and the ecology of the breakwater can be realized.|[0005] In addition, China has experienced a rapid construction period of more than 30 years, and at present, construction waste generated by demolition of buildings and engineering facilities after the service life is reached, generation of new buildings during construction, transformation of urban infrastructure and the like gradually breaks through 20 hundred million tons in 2019. The main treatment of these waste concretes is currently the crushing, grading, partial or total replacement of coarse aggregates, sand and even incorporation into the concrete as mineral admixtures. Despite the many attempts and studies, the construction waste is still utilized at any great distance, especially the construction waste is expected to enter a rapid increase period, and how to dispose the construction waste as much as possible is a very difficult problem. However, the construction of ecological engineering in the ocean at present, particularly the oyster reef restoration and the like, needs a large amount of substrate, and deals with increasingly severe ocean problems of global ocean acidification and the like.|[0006] The waste concrete is also rich in a large amount of calcium ions and is a potential oyster attachment substitute substrate. At present, waste concrete blocks are tried to be used in the process of recovering the oyster reef and constructing the artificial fish reef, but the effect is not ideal. The concrete mechanism is not clear, probably because the alkalinity of the concrete is too high, and harmful ions contained in the concrete overflow. However, we found that the oyster adhesion can be effectively promoted by changing the characteristics of the surface of the waste concrete, such as color, roughness, trace element content, ion species and the like, through a surface coating method. There are also studies on the influence of these causes on oyster attachment, mainly as follows:|[0007] first, the influence of ions on the attachment and metamorphosis of marine periphyton larva|[0008] The research on the marine periphyton larva attachment and metamorphosis induction at home and abroad mainly focuses on the influence of the ion concentration in the solution, and the deeply researched ions and substances have K+、NH3、Ca2+And Cu2+The first three ions or substances can promote the adhesion or metamorphosis of oyster at proper concentration, but Cu2+The promoting effect is not obvious, and even the death rate of larvae is increased at a large concentration. K+Inducing larval metamorphosis by affecting the behavior of cell membranes; NH (NH)3Is to enterIntracellular entry results in an increase in intracellular pH, which subsequently causes depolarization of neurons of the behavioral pathway, thereby inducing sessile metamorphosis. Although the study on the attachment and metamorphosis of more sessile organisms on the surfaces of different substances such as polyethylene plates, shells, tiles and the like is carried out in solution, the method is not easy to realize or has high cost when being applied to the actual marine concrete engineering.|[0009] At present, with the great application of concrete in ocean engineering, particularly recent oyster reef repair engineering and the like, the concrete becomes a substrate material which is most commonly attached by marine periphyton. But the concrete material is different from the traditional seashells, limestone, rubber tires, plastic plates and the like. The concrete has high alkalinity and high calcium ion, also contains rich other ions, such as potassium and sodium ions, and has great influence on the attachment and growth of the oysters. At present, although some oyster reef repair projects and the like adopt newly manufactured concrete members, waste concrete and the like as repair substrates, the effect is not ideal.|[0010] Second, the influence of concrete of different types of cement on marine plants and sessile organisms|[0011] At present, portland cement concrete is almost adopted in ocean concrete engineering and has high alkalinity (the pH value of a pore solution is generally 12.0-13.0), and the pH value of seawater is generally 7.9-8.4. Because of the alkali concentration gradient, the concrete contacted with the seawater can continuously release alkali, thereby improving the pH value of the seawater in the sea area and damaging a local ecological system. Has a great inhibiting effect on the attachment growth of sessile organisms on the surface of the biological filter, and particularly has great influence on alkalinity sensitive organisms. The current domestic and foreign research shows that: the artificial fish reef made of different cement types has obvious difference on biological attachment effect, aluminate cement and fly ash portland cement have good biological attachment effect, and the alkalinity of the artificial fish reef is lower than that of common portland cement concrete. Similarly, the cement concrete has better ecological effect by adding 40-60% of fly ash and slag powder. In addition, the types and the quantity of the attachment organisms on the travertine gelled material concrete are more than those on the cement concrete, and the higher the content of the travertine gelled material is, the better the ecological effect is. The ecological concrete engineering for building the United states adopts low-alkalinity cement concrete, such as aluminate cement, particularly slag portland cement, wherein the replacement amount of slag powder reaches 50 percent, and the ecological effect of enriching marine plants, animals and the like is better. By adopting cement with lower alkalinity to prepare concrete, biomass (mainly marine plants) sensitive to alkali can be effectively improved, but the improvement of the attachment amount and the attachment density of oysters is limited.|[0012] Third, the influence of calcium substances on the adhesion of marine sessile organisms|[0013] The research at home and abroad shows that the chemical element composition of the attaching substrate obviously influences the attachment, metamorphosis and later growth of oyster larvae. The most commonly used calcium-containing substrates (limestone and concrete) are effective in inducing adhesion of oyster larvae with an inducing effect comparable to that of shells. This indicates that calcium is a vital role in the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of oyster larvae.|[0014] Recently, in addition to conventional substrates, studies have been made on the adhesion of oyster larvae by adding calcium to cement-based materials and increasing the content of calcium in concrete. In the literature, 80-mesh cattle bone powder, calcium carbonate powder and gypsum powder (the mixing amount is 62.5 percent and 375 percent of the weight of cement) are singly mixed into mortar to carry out an oyster attachment experiment, and the sequence of the inducing capacity of the calcium excipient for the adhesion of oyster larvae under the same condition is obtained: the bovine bone meal is calcium carbonate which is calcium sulfate; the calcium carbonate powder is 5-60% of the mortar (41.7-500.0% of the cement), and the effect is best when the calcium carbonate powder is 20% (166.7% of the cement). Although the attachment amount of the oysters can be increased by adding the bovine bone meal, the calcium carbonate powder and the gypsum powder, the added proportion is too large (the weight of the calcium powder is more than 41.7 percent of that of the cement and even reaches 500.0 percent), the mechanical property and the durability of the concrete are seriously influenced, and the oyster shell cement is not suitable for being used in concrete engineering in marine environment. In addition, although the bovine bone meal has a good effect of inducing adhesion of oysters, when the amount of the bovine bone meal exceeds 10% of the cement, the concrete is mildewed. Therefore, at present, although calcium substances such as bovine bone meal, calcium carbonate and the like are doped into concrete, the influence of marine environment on the durability of a concrete structure is not considered, so that the concrete cannot be applied to severe marine environment at all.|[0015] In CN104529286 patent: from the aspect of waste utilization, oyster shell fragments of 5 mm-8 mm with the mass of 10% -20% of cement are mixed into the artificial fish reef, and the concrete which does not influence biological attachment and does not pollute the environment is obtained. CN104938384 is to mix 150-200 mesh biological calcium carbonate powder (fishbone, coral, egg shell and shell are 1:1:1:1) and shell fragment which are 10-20% of the cement mass into the artificial fish reef, which shows that the induced biomass is gradually increased along with the increase of the calcium carbonate mixing amount, and the biomass (marine plant and marine organism) induced by the biological calcium carbonate is the most when the mixing amount is the maximum (20% of the cement weight). In order to reduce the alkalinity of the surface of the concrete artificial fish reef, microorganisms and algae are easier to attach, the biomass and the population quantity are increased, and the fish collecting effect is better. The biological calcium carbonate cement mortar coating layer educt is harmless to the environment and the organism. Although the biological calcium carbonate powder, the oyster shell fragments and the like are doped into concrete for artificial fish reef manufacturing and biological attachment experiments, the biological calcium carbonate powder indeed enhances the biological enrichment effect, but mainly enriches marine plants and microorganisms.|[0016] In a word, the calcium content is important for the attachment of oyster larvae, and the current experimental results also prove that the addition of a proper amount of calcium carbonate substances in the cement-based material can promote the attachment and growth of the oyster larvae. However, cement concrete contains a large amount of calcium ions, the pH value of a pore solution is generally greater than 12.5, and the pH value of a saturated calcium hydroxide solution is about 12 at normal temperature, so that the concentration of the calcium ions in the concrete pore solution is about 5 mmol/L; the solubility of calcium carbonate is very low, and is only 9.5X 10 at 25 DEG C-5mol/L(9.5 x 10-2mmol/L). At present, the optimal range of calcium ion concentration for inducing shellfish adhesion is considered to be 10-25 mmol/L, and even if oyster larvae are placed in saturated calcium carbonate solution, enough Ca is not available2+The concentration of Ca is suitable for providing proper Ca for the adhesion of oysters2+And (4) concentration. Further, Ca (OH) in the inside of the cement concrete2Can be released more quickly, while the dissolution of calcium carbonate takes longer. Thus, it is possible to provideIt was confirmed that the incorporation of calcium carbonate material into concrete promotes the adhesion of oyster larvae, Ca2+Not the dominant role.|[0017] In addition, the doping amount of the shell powder is too large, the weight ratio of the shell powder to the cement is more than 10%, and some shell powder even reaches 500%, so that the durability of the concrete is greatly influenced. Although the proper amount of calcium carbonate material can prevent the concrete from being reduced in impermeability or better, the excessive amount of calcium carbonate material is very unfavorable for the concrete to resist the corrosion of sulfuric acid and sulfate in seawater.|[0018] Therefore, the problem of marine sessile organism larva induced adhesion by doping calcium substances such as biological calcium carbonate, bovine bone meal, calcium carbonate powder and the like into concrete still exists, and particularly the problems of concrete performance caused by excessive doping of the calcium substances, mildew caused by doping of the bovine bone meal and the like exist.|[0019] Fourth, the influence of color on the adhesion of marine periphyton|[0020] The color of the substrate has certain influence on the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of the larvae of the marine periphyton. In foreign countries, it has been reported that in sea areas with low temperature, dark bottom substances can promote the growth of oysters. Domestic research shows that oyster larvae have certain selectivity on color. The color selectivity of the crassostrea hongkongensis larvae on the plastic anchoring base is as follows: black > white > red. Crassostrea gigas larvae prefer to attach to black and gray plastic plates and it is believed that black and gray may be a protective color for oyster larvae to avoid natural enemy attacks. Barnacles prefer to adhere to red substrates. Pearl oyster also prefers dark (black, red), non-reflective substrates, showing non-photosensitive behavior. And the bacterium Alteromonas calwellii attracts oyster larvae by producing a compound that participates in melanin synthesis.|[0021] At present, the research on the influence of the color of the substrate on the adhesion of marine periphyton larvae is limited to organic polymer plates such as plastic plates and polyethylene plates, asbestos plates and the like. The concrete is used as a most potential substitute substrate, is particularly used for oyster reef repair, artificial ecological engineering construction and marine reinforced concrete corrosion prevention at present, and the influence of the color on the attachment amount of sessile organism larvae is not referred to related data.|[0022] Fifth, the influence of roughness on the adhesion of marine periphyton larvae|[0023] Generally, the roughness of the surface of the substrate has a certain influence on the adhesion of oysters and barnacle larvae. Domestic and foreign researches show that under the same other conditions, oysters and barnacle larvae attached to the rough surface are more than those attached to the smooth surface. The rough surface provides better tactile stimulation for the crawling and attachment of oyster and barnacle larvae so as to help the larvae to stay on the substrate; the presence of cracks and pits can protect the larvae from predators; and a larger area, and potentially a richer, diverse microbial environment than a smooth surface. Recent studies have shown that textured concrete surfaces adhere to more marine organisms than smooth surfaces, promoting the attachment and metamorphosis of larvae. However, some studies have shown that coarseness has no significant effect on attachment metamorphosis of larvae.|[0024] In summary, different substrates, as well as the effects of color and roughness on marine periphyton attachment, are currently being investigated. There are also some studies relating to the effect of calcareous materials in concrete on marine biofouling. However, due to the knowledge of related subjects such as marine organisms, marine microorganisms, marine chemistry, marine concrete engineering materials and structures, the subject directions are different greatly, so that many problems are encountered in cross research, such as the above-mentioned problems that the cement-based materials have unclear water-cement ratio, the mechanism of inducing oyster adhesion by calcium carbonate materials is unclear, the calcium powder doped in cement is too much, the durability of concrete is poor, the doped bovine bone meal is easy to mildew, and the like. The oysters are compactly fixed in concrete engineering to realize the ecological engineering of ocean engineering, and no relevant report is found at present. The oyster is attached to the concrete engineering in a large amount, and the ecological and high durability of the marine concrete engineering can be realized.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0025] The invention aims to solve the problem that the expansion and repair of the existing breakwater damage coastal ecology and the current situation that most of marine sessile organisms on the surface of the marine concrete engineering are not compact and need manual intervention. The surface of the waste concrete is treated by a coating technology, and the treated waste concrete is used for building a novel marine ecological project which can attract sessile organisms such as oysters and the like, so that the marine ecological project has a good wave absorption function, benefits from the ecological benefit generated by the attachment of a large number of oysters, and solves the problem of difficult treatment of a large number of waste concrete. The specific technical scheme is as follows:|[0026] (1) surveying the sea area of the bulwark building position: investigating the species of the oyster in the sea area and whether the oyster is attached, and subjecting the sea area to different seasons of air temperature, sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate, and Ca2+、Zn2+、K+And the like, and the number of typhoons, the intensity and the like in the past year.|[0027] (2) Preparing a concrete adhesive base: and manufacturing the lightweight concrete oyster attaching base with a rough surface, wherein the shape of the lightweight concrete oyster attaching base is one of a plate-shaped attaching base, a wave-shaped attaching base and a cylindrical attaching base.|[0028] (3) Quantitatively collecting and breeding oyster seedlings: in the local sea area, the floating larvae of the oysters are intensively attached and metamorphosis, and the attaching base is placed in a fry collecting area of the nearby sea area, when the attaching amount of the larvae of the oysters is 15-25 per 100cm2Stopping seedling collection; then the fish is moved to a sea area with rich bait for floating cultivation.|[0029] (4) Surface treatment of waste concrete blocks: evaluating the alkalinity, the internal ion concentration and the permeability of the waste concrete, if the pH value is more than 12.5, carrying out alkalinity reduction treatment, and then spraying or brushing an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with high bonding strength and high oyster adhesion induction on the surface of the concrete block.|[0030] (5) Placing the waste concrete blocks: in the local sea area oyster planktonic larvae settlement metamorphosis period of the second year, a scattered placement method is adopted, waste concrete blocks with the volume of more than 1 cubic meter are placed singly, and each waste concrete block is covered by a rope; covering a plurality of waste concrete blocks with the volume of less than 1 cubic meter by using ropes to form a waste concrete block pile with the volume of 1-5 cubic meters, wherein the internal void ratio is 40-60%; the waste concrete blocks and the waste concrete block piles are connected by ropes.|[0031] (6) Placing the oyster attaching base on site: transporting oyster attaching bases with gonad development stages of the oysters in the step (3) as maturation stages to a sea area for constructing a breakwater, placing 1-2 oyster attaching bases on each monomer waste concrete block or waste concrete block pile, and fixing the waste concrete blocks or waste concrete block piles by adopting ropes; and according to the plankton condition of the local sea area, bait is put in or nutrient salt of the bait is placed in as necessary.|[0032] (7) Monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment condition of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete, and determining the attachment condition of oyster larvae to be 30-40/100 cm2And moving away the oyster attaching base, monitoring the ecological condition of the breakwater for a long time, and adopting corresponding measures according to the actual condition.|[0033] (2) The light concrete adhesive base with the rough surface, which is prepared by the specific measures in the specification, comprises the following material components: the cementing material, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, water, the dark pigment, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements, the chopped fiber and the superplasticizer are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 21.8% -34.5%, 24.6% -37.5%, 15.8% -29.6%, 8.4% -16.4%, 0.6-3.0%, 0.4% -2.0%, 0.2% -1.8%, 0.15% -1.5% and 0.03% -0.18%.|[0034] Preferably, the dark color pigment is: one or two of iron oxide black, aniline black, carbon black, antimony sulfide, iron oxide red and organic pigment red.|[0035] Preferably, the dark color pigment is: according to the influence degree on the performance of concrete, the pigments are modified by adopting one of transparent resin, organic silicon, dimethyl siloxane and super-hydrophobic materials.|[0036] Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: the biological calcium carbonate powder is one or a plurality of compounds of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium carbonate powder is 100-1000 meshes.|[0037] Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating the 100-500-mesh bovine bone powder by using one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.|[0038] Preferably, the calcium carbonate powder is: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and one or more of light calcium carbonate, activated calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and superfine light calcium carbonate which are processed, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes.|[0039] Preferably, the trace elements of zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus can be selected from natural minerals, industrial products or chemical reagents, including one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and iron phosphate, and are modified to realize slow release of corresponding ions and reduce or eliminate adverse effects on the performance of concrete. However, nitrogen and phosphorus are not selected for the eutrophic area.|[0040] Preferably, the cementing material is one of silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and alkali-activated cementing material doped with mineral admixture. Wherein the mineral admixture in the silicate cement doped with the mineral admixture comprises one or more of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash; the sulphoaluminate cement comprises one or two of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, high-strength sulphoaluminate cement and expansion sulphoaluminate cement; the alkali-activated cementing material comprises one of alkali-activated slag, alkali-activated slag and fly ash.|[0041] Preferably, the chopped fibers are inorganic fibers (with the length of 12-20 mm) and comprise one or more of basalt fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers and carbon fibers.|[0042] Preferably, the lightweight coarse aggregate is: one or two of crushed light porous basalt and light ceramsite with the maximum grain size of less than 20 mm.|[0043] Preferably, the lightweight fine aggregate is: one or two of the crushed zeolite and the light ceramic sand have the grain diameter of 0.2 mm-5 mm.|[0044] A preparation method of a cement concrete oyster attaching base with a rough surface comprises the following steps:|[0045] s1: designing different roughness according to the characteristics of the oyster larvae which favor to attach to the rough surface, and then manufacturing forming templates with different roughness;|[0046] s2: weighing a cementing material, a light coarse aggregate, a light fine aggregate, water, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, chopped fibers and a superplasticizer;|[0047] s3: firstly, putting the light coarse aggregate and the light fine aggregate into a concrete mixer to be mixed for 0.5-1 minute; then adding a cementing material, a dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder and trace elements, and continuously stirring for 1-2 minutes; then adding chopped fibers, water and a superplasticizer and stirring for 2-6 minutes; and after the mixture is uniformly stirred, pouring and vibrating.|[0048] S4: placing the concrete sample after the form removal in high-concentration CO according to the condition2And curing in a curing box for 0.5 to 5 hours, reducing the alkalinity of the cement test piece, and then performing standard curing for 28d or curing according to actual conditions.|[0049] The cement concrete oyster attaching base with rough surface and good induction effect can be prepared.|[0050] (2) The cement-based ecological attachment base is characterized in that a circular hole with the diameter of 3-5 mm is reserved in the cement-based ecological attachment base during forming, and the cement-based ecological attachment base is in the shape of one of a plate-shaped attachment base, a wave-shaped attachment base and a cylindrical attachment base.|[0051] (3) The specific measures of the method are that the floating larvae of the oysters are intensively attached and metamorphosis, wherein the north is generally 5-8 months, and the south is generally 4-10 months.|[0052] (4) The emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating material as specifically defined in (1). The specific technical scheme is as follows: the material components are as follows: the weight ratio of the cementing material to the emulsified asphalt to the sand to the water to the biological calcium powder to the calcium carbonate powder to the trace elements to the acrylic emulsion to the superplasticizer is 1: (0.4-0.8), (0.5-1.3), (0.10-0.30), (0.02-0.10), (0.01-0.08), (0.08-0.15) and (0.001-0.008).|[0053] Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: the bovine bone powder and the biological calcium carbonate powder comprise one or more of oyster shell powder, fishbone powder, egg shell powder and coral powder, and the fineness of the biological calcium carbonate powder is 100-1000 meshes.|[0054] Preferably, the biological calcium powder is: treating 100-500 mesh egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder with acid selected from one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid and sulfurous acid; and treating the 100-500-mesh bovine bone powder by using one or two of diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.|[0055] Preferably, the trace elements of zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus can be selected from natural minerals, industrial products or chemical reagents, including one or more of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and iron phosphate, and are modified to realize slow release of corresponding ions and reduce or eliminate adverse effects on the performance of concrete. However, nitrogen and phosphorus are not selected for the eutrophic area.|[0056] Preferably, the calcium carbonate powder is: calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, aragonite, travertine powder, and one or more of light calcium carbonate, activated calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and superfine light calcium carbonate which are processed, and the fineness is more than 200 meshes.|[0057] Preferably, the acrylic emulsion is a polyurethane modified emulsion.|[0058] Preferably, the emulsified asphalt is one of cationic emulsified asphalt and anionic emulsified asphalt. The performance indexes are that the content of evaporation residues is more than 55 percent, the stability of 5 days is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the residue on a sieve (a sieve with 1.18 mm) is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.|[0059] Preferably, the cementing material is: silicate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and alkali-activated cementing material mixed with mineral admixture. Wherein the mineral admixture in the silicate cement doped with the mineral admixture comprises one or more of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash; the sulphoaluminate cement comprises one or two of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, high-strength sulphoaluminate cement and expansion sulphoaluminate cement; the alkali-activated cementing material comprises one of alkali-activated slag, alkali-activated slag and fly ash.|[0060] Preferably, the sand is one or more of river sand with the particle size of 0.16-2.36 mm, machine-made sand (mother rock can be limestone, basalt or granite) and sea sand.|[0061] Preferably, the superplasticizer is, for example, one of polycarboxylic acids and naphthalene series.|[0062] A preparation method of an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating comprises the following steps:|[0063] s1: weighing emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer;|[0064] s2: placing the cementing material, the biological calcium powder, the calcium carbonate powder, the trace elements and the powdery superplasticizer into a mixer, wherein the rotating speed is 1000-1500 rpm, and the mixing time is 4-8 minutes;|[0065] s3: then placing the sand into the sand, adjusting the rotating speed to be 500-;|[0066] s4: mixing the acrylic emulsion, the emulsified asphalt and water uniformly, and placing the mixture and the uniformly mixed materials into a 200-fold high-speed stirrer with the rotation speed of 500 rpm for stirring for 5-10 minutes.|[0067] The emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with good induction effect for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering can be prepared.|[0068] The invention has the beneficial effects that:|[0069] the marine ecological breakwater is constructed by utilizing blocky building wastes generated by buildings, infrastructure and the like, not only can the waste concrete be fully utilized, the characteristics of waste recycling and energy saving are met, but also the water body can be purified, the coastal line erosion can be prevented, the biological diversity can be maintained, the carbon is fixed, the marine acidification is slowed down and the ecological restoration capability is realized by inducing the growth of the oyster attaching base.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0070] FIG. 1 shows the mildew on the surface of concrete doped with 10% bovine bone powder in different mixing ratios;|[0071] FIG. 2 shows different mixing ratios of modified 10% bovine bone meal with fineness greater than 200 meshes;|[0072] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sea adhesion experiment 210 d;|[0073] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sea adhesion experiment 300 d;|[0074] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of concrete oyster attachment base in different shapes;|[0075] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of concrete oyster attachment base in different shapes;|[0076] fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of concrete oyster attachment base in different shapes.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0077] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. The specific technical scheme of the engineering scheme comprises the following steps:|[0078] example 1:|[0079] (1) surveying the sea area of the bulwark building position: investigating the dominant species of the oysters in the sea area and whether oysters are attached, and performing 15 times per quarter test and recording the air temperature, sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate and Ca in the sea area2+、Zn2+、K+Ions, and meanwhile, the typhoon frequency and strength of the whole year are investigated; looking up the sea area meteorological and hydrological data for many years; analyzing feasible methods and solving measures for building the ecological riprap breakwater;|[0080] (2) preparing a concrete adhesive base: ecological concrete is adopted to prepare a lightweight concrete oyster attachment base with a rough surface, the size of the attachment base is 10cm multiplied by 2cm, and after the mould is removed, CO is immediately carried out for 1 hour under 10 atmospheric pressures2Curing is followed by standard curing 28 d.|[0081] (3) And (3) regular and quantitative collection and cultivation of oyster fries: in 7 months, placing lightweight coarse concrete attaching base in the seedling collecting area of nearby sea area, and allowing the oyster larvae to attach at a rate of 20/100 cm2Stopping picking seedlings, and then transferring the seedlings to rich baitsThe sea area of (2) is cultured in a floating way.|[0082] (4) Surface treatment of waste concrete: sampling (5% of the total amount) to detect alkalinity, internal ion concentration and permeability of the waste concrete, and if the pH is more than 12.5, subjecting the waste concrete to CO treatment under 10 atmospheres for 1 hour2Curing, reducing alkalinity, wetting concrete block, and spraying or brushing an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with high bonding strength and high oyster adhesion on the surface.|[0083] (5) Placing the waste concrete: in 6 months of the second year, a scattered placement method is adopted, waste concrete blocks with the volume of more than 1 cubic meter are placed singly, and each waste concrete block is covered by a rope cage; covering a plurality of waste concrete blocks with the volume of less than 1 cubic meter by using ropes to form a waste concrete block pile with the volume of 1-5 cubic meters, wherein the internal void ratio is 50%; the waste concrete blocks (piles) are connected by adopting ropes, and the distance between every two waste concrete blocks (piles) is kept at 4 m;|[0084] (6) placing the oyster attaching base on site: transporting oyster bases with good attachment to concrete surface oysters (gonadal development stages are mature stages) to a sea area for constructing a breakwater, placing an oyster attachment base on each monomer waste concrete block (pile), and fixing each waste concrete block (pile) by adopting a rope.|[0085] (7) Monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment density of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete to reach 35/100 cm2Removing the oyster attaching base; and meanwhile, the type and the quantity of plankton in the sea area are monitored, and whether the bait is continuously thrown or not is determined.|[0086] Example 2:|[0087] (1) surveying the sea area of the bulwark building position: investigating the dominant species of the oysters in the sea area and whether oysters are attached, and performing 15 times per quarter test and recording the air temperature, sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, plankton, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, active silicate and Ca in the sea area2+、Zn2+、K+Ions, and meanwhile, the typhoon frequency and strength of the whole year are investigated; looking up the sea area meteorological and hydrological data for many years; feasible method for analyzing construction of ecological riprap breakwater and solution measureApplying;|[0088] (2) preparing a concrete adhesive base: ecological concrete is adopted to prepare a lightweight concrete oyster attachment base with a rough surface, the size of the attachment base is 10cm multiplied by 3cm, and after the mould is removed, CO is immediately carried out for 1.5 hours under 10 atmospheric pressures2Curing is followed by standard curing 28 d.|[0089] (3) And (3) regular and quantitative collection and cultivation of oyster fries: in 8 months, placing lightweight coarse concrete attaching base in the seedling collecting area of nearby sea area, and allowing oyster larvae to attach at 25/100 cm2Stopping collecting seedlings, and then moving the seedlings to a sea area with rich baits for floating culture.|[0090] (4) Surface treatment of waste concrete: sampling (5% of the total amount) to detect alkalinity, internal ion concentration and permeability of the waste concrete, and if the pH is more than 12.5, subjecting the waste concrete to CO treatment under 10 atmospheres for 1 hour2Curing, reducing alkalinity, wetting concrete block, and spraying or brushing an emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating with high bonding strength and high oyster adhesion on the surface.|[0091] (5) Placing the waste concrete: in 7 months in the next year, a scattered placement method is adopted, waste concrete blocks with the volume of more than 1 cubic meter are placed singly, and each waste concrete block is covered by a rope cage; covering a plurality of waste concrete blocks with the volume of less than 1 cubic meter by using ropes to form a waste concrete block pile with the volume of 1-5 cubic meters, wherein the internal void ratio is 60%; the waste concrete blocks (piles) are connected by adopting ropes, and the distance between every two waste concrete blocks (piles) is kept at 5 m;|[0092] (6) placing the oyster attaching base on site: transporting oyster bases with good attachment to concrete surface oysters (gonadal development stages are mature stages) to a sea area for constructing a breakwater, placing a light concrete oyster attachment base with rough surface on each monomer waste concrete block (pile), and fixing the waste concrete blocks (piles) by adopting ropes.|[0093] (7) Monitoring larva attachment and management: monitoring the attachment density of oyster larvae on the surface of concrete to reach 40/100 cm2Removing the oyster attaching base; simultaneously monitoring the species and quantity of plankton in the sea area to determine whether to useAnd continuously throwing the bait.|[0094] Specific examples of the oyster adhesion-based and asphalt-cement-based coatings described in examples 1 and 2 are as follows:|[0095] the specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:|[0096] the concrete mixing proportion of the lightweight concrete oyster attachment base with rough surface (examples 1-26) is as follows, and the emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating for inducing sessile organisms on the surface of ocean engineering (examples 27-36):|[0097] 1: the common Portland cement concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29.37%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0098] Wherein the light coarse aggregate is one or two of crushed light porous basalt with the maximum grain size of less than 20mm and light ceramsite. The light fine aggregate is one or two of crushed zeolite and light ceramic sand, the particle size of the light fine aggregate is 0.2-5 mm, and the light fine aggregate is good in gradation. The water meets the concrete water standard (JGJ63-2006), the Cl-content is less than 1000mg/L, the PH value is more than 4.5, and the influence on the initial setting time difference, the final setting time, the strength and the permeability of the cement is small. The materials selected in examples 1 to 25 are the same.|[0099] 2: the reference concrete has the following weight proportions of ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder: 17.62%, 1.47%, 10.28%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0100] 3: the weight proportions of the unmodified dark pigment, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0101] 4: the weight proportions of the unmodified dark pigment, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0102] 5: the weight proportions of the unmodified dark pigment, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0103] 6: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0104] 7: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0105] 8: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0106] The modified dark color pigment is prepared by mixing 196 transparent resin, 3% of curing agent and 1.5% of accelerator with the pigment, wherein the volume ratio of the pigment to the resin is as follows: 1: 0.2; curing at normal temperature for 4h, curing at 60 deg.C for 4h, then breaking, and grinding with vibration mill to obtain the final product with fineness greater than 400 mesh.|[0107] 9: the weight proportions of the calcium carbonate powder, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0108] 10: the weight proportions of the calcium carbonate powder, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0109] 11: the weight proportions of the calcium carbonate powder, the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0110] 12: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: aniline black mixture mass ratio is 1:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0111] 13: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: aniline black mixture mass ratio is 1:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.10%, 7.71%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0112] 14: the modified dark pigment (iron oxide black: aniline black mixture mass ratio is 1:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 2.35%, 17.62%, 0.99%, 6.94%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0113] 15: the weight proportions of the unmodified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0114] 16: the weight proportions of the unmodified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0115] 17: the weight proportions of the unmodified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are as follows in sequence: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0116] 18: the modified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 0.87%, 17.62%, 1.36%, 9.52%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0117] 19: the modified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 1.47%, 17.62%, 1.28%, 8.99%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0118] 20: the modified bovine bone meal, the ordinary portland cement, the silica fume, the blast furnace slag powder, the light coarse aggregate, the light fine aggregate, the water and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 2.35%, 17.62%, 1.18%, 8.23%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0119] The method for modifying the bovine bone meal comprises the following steps: adding 100-mesh bovine bone meal into 2% phosphoric acid solution, wherein the weight ratio of the bovine bone meal to the phosphoric acid solution is 1:3, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, a centrifugal machine with the rotating speed of 3000-5000 rpm is adopted for centrifugation for 3 minutes, supernatant is poured off, solid matters of the centrifuged solid matters are washed for 2-3 times by water, and washing water does not show acidity any more; and (3) drying the centrifuged solid substance in vacuum at 40 ℃, and grinding the dried bovine bone meal and 1:4 of slag powder to the fineness of more than 200 meshes by using a vibration mill for later use.|[0120] 21: calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, blast furnace slag powder, silica fume, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 2.35%, 0.5%, 1.47%, 17.62%, 0.93%, 6.50%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0121] 22: calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), ordinary portland cement, blast furnace slag powder, silica fume, light coarse aggregate, light fine aggregate, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder are sequentially mixed according to the weight ratio: 2.35%, 1.2%, 1.47%, 17.62%, 0.84%, 5.89%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0122] 23: zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, macadam, sand, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder in sequence: 0.5%, 1.47%, 0.87%, 17.62%, 0.93%, 6.50%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0123] 24: zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment (black iron oxide: nigrosine mixture mass ratio is 1:1), modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, macadam, sand, water and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent powder in sequence: 0.6%, 1.47%, 0.87%, 17.62%, 0.84%, 5.89%, 33.53%, 24.48%, 12.59%, 0.03%.|[0124] The modification method of zinc sulfate comprises the following steps: selecting diatomite SiO2Adding 150g of water and 100g of zinc sulfate into diatomite with the content of more than 90 percent and the fineness of 600 meshes in a stirrer at the temperature of 60 ℃, and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved for later use; and then 150g of the diatomite is heated to 60 ℃, added into the solution, stirred for 10 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, and then dried in a drying box with the drying temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the modified zinc sulfate.|[0125] 25: the weight ratio of zinc sulfate, modified dark color pigment, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, ordinary portland cement, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, broken stone, sand, water, short-cut fiber and polycarboxylic acid water reducer powder is as follows in sequence: 0.5%, 1.47%, 0.87%, 17.62%, 0.94%, 6.50%, 33.07%, 24.14%, 12.59%, 0.8%, 0.03%|[0126] 26: the concrete oyster attachment base adopts the concrete and is designed into concrete oyster attachment bases with different shapes, which are shown in figures 5-7.|[0127] 27: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.05:0.05:0.04:0.12:0.005.|[0128] 28: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.08:0.08:0.06:0.12:0.005.|[0129] 29: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.08:0.08:0.02:0.12:0.005.|[0130] 30: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.03:0.03:0.06:0.12:0.005.|[0131] 31: emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer in sequence by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.03:0.03:0.04:0.12:0.005.|[0132] 32: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.05:0.05:0.02:0.12:0.005.|[0133] 33: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.08:0.08:0.04:0.12:0.005.|[0134] 34: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.08:0.08:0.06:0.12:0.005.|[0135] 35: the emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer are sequentially prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.03:0.05:0.02:0.12:0.005.|[0136] 36: emulsified asphalt, a cementing material, sand, water, modified biological calcium powder (modified bovine bone powder: oyster shell powder: 2:1), calcium carbonate powder, zinc sulfate, acrylic emulsion and a superplasticizer in sequence by weight: 0.6:1:1:0.20:0.03:0.03:0.02:0.12:0.005.|[0137] The method for modifying the bovine bone meal comprises the following steps: adding 100-mesh bovine bone meal into 2% phosphoric acid solution, wherein the weight ratio of the bovine bone meal to the phosphoric acid solution is 1:3, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, a centrifugal machine with the rotating speed of 3000-5000 rpm is adopted for centrifugation for 3 minutes, supernatant is poured off, solid matters of the centrifuged solid matters are washed for 2-3 times by water, and washing water does not show acidity any more; and (3) drying the centrifuged solid substance in vacuum at 40 ℃, mixing the dried bovine bone meal and the slag powder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and grinding the mixture by using a vibration mill until the fineness is more than 200 meshes for later use.|[0138] The modification method of zinc sulfate comprises the following steps: selecting diatomite SiO2Adding 150g of water and 100g of zinc sulfate into diatomite with the content of more than 90 percent and the fineness of 600 meshes in a stirrer at the temperature of 60 ℃, and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved for later use; and then 150g of the diatomite is heated to 60 ℃, added into the solution, stirred for 10 minutes in a stirrer with the rotating speed of 200-500 rpm, and then dried in a drying box with the drying temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the modified zinc sulfate.|[0139] Comparison document 1: (Living breakwater _ New York coastal Green infrastructure _ Sun-Crane)|[0140] The construction of the "living" breakwater, the macroscopic design, the surface texture and the use of low-alkali cement for the concrete member, increase the marine biomass, but the increase includes marine plants and marine sessile organisms, and is mainly marine plants, is performed in the comparison document 1.|[0141] In the invention, besides low alkalization is carried out on cement, dark pigment, biological calcium powder, calcium carbonate powder, trace elements and modified carbonate (hydrogen) are added into concrete for inducing oyster larvae, the induction has the characteristics of rapidness and compactness, the effect is good, and the ecological environment of sea areas can be improved to a great extent.|[0142] Compared with the comparison document 2 (a bionic concrete artificial fish reef and a preparation method 2015CN104938384A), the differences are that:|[0143] (1) the object in the present invention is different from comparative document 2: in comparison document 2, although a layer of cement mortar mixed with ground oyster shells is coated on the surface of concrete, the purpose is mainly achieved by surface bionic property, fish, microorganisms and algae are collected, the number of microorganisms is increased, and the water environment is improved, and oyster is not mentioned. The purpose of the emulsified asphalt-cement based coating of the present invention is to induce oyster adhesion.|[0144] (2) The comparison document 2 indicates that in cement mortar, the biological calcium carbonate powder (150-200 meshes) with the cement mass of less than 10% is not obvious in induced adhesion. In the research process, the modified bovine bone meal and biological calcium carbonate powder are mixed to form the emulsified asphalt-cement-based coating (the fineness is 100-1000 meshes), so that the optimal mixing amount of the bovine bone meal and the biological calcium carbonate powder is within 10% of that of the cementing material.|[0145] (3) By modifying the bovine bone powder and the biological calcium carbonate powder, in particular to egg shell powder, coral powder, oyster shell powder and fishbone powder of 100 meshes to 500 meshes which are treated by the following acids, including one or two of acetic acid, silicic acid, sulfurous acid and the like; bovine bone meal of 100 to 500 mesh was treated with an acid comprising diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.|[0146] (4) The contrast document is difficult to construct by embedding oyster shells on the concrete surface, and the method can not be adopted on the surface of each project, so that the feasibility is low. The invention can achieve the effect of inducing sessile organisms by coating a layer of emulsified asphalt-cement-based paint on the surface of concrete, does not need to be embedded with oyster shells, has simple construction and can also greatly increase the attachment of the oysters.|[0147] (5) In the marine environment, the phenomenon that the artificial fish reef is seriously corroded for many times in recent years appears, and the serious corrosion is mainly caused by the combined action of biological sulfuric acid secreted by anaerobic microorganism thiobacillus, acid substances secreted by other bacteria and the like. Calcium carbonate is weak in acid corrosion resistance, and therefore, excessive calcium carbonate with a large fineness causes severe acid corrosion.|[0148] Compared to reference 3 (Vanreilin. influence of matrix type on oyster attachment, growth, population establishment and reef development [ D ]), the differences are:|[0149] (1) in comparison document 3, 80-mesh bovine bone powder, calcium powder and gypsum powder were used, each separately added to concrete. The fineness of all the calcium materials in the invention is more than 100 meshes and more than that of the materials in the comparison document 3. The bovine bone meal is also added, modified, and the grading of the coating and concrete particles and the induction capability of the coating and concrete particles are considered.|[0150] (2) Grinding the bovine bone powder by using a vibration mill at normal temperature, wherein when the fineness is more than 80 meshes, the bovine bone powder contains a large amount of collagen and is seriously agglomerated, so that the bovine bone powder cannot be continuously ground. The invention adopts dilute acid modification technology and is compounded with other substances and ground to obtain the modified biological calcium powder with small particle size and fineness of more than 200 meshes. The prepared biological calcium powder keeps the original substances of the biological calcium, increases the release rate of substances which induce oyster larvae to adhere to the biological calcium powder, and reduces the doping amount of the biological calcium powder, thereby reducing the influence on the performance of the coating and the concrete.|[0151] (3) Because the bovine bone meal contains rich organic substances such as collagen, the great amount of the substances can cause the strength and impermeability of the coating and concrete to be reduced, particularly after the content of the organic substances exceeds 5 percent, the mixing amount is increased, the strength of the coating and concrete is rapidly reduced, the impermeability is obviously reduced, and the surface of the coating and concrete can grow mildewed under standard curing conditions. FIG. 1 shows the mildew formation of a concrete specimen. FIG. 2 shows the surface condition of the modified concrete.|[0152] As can be seen from FIG. 1, the mold on the concrete surface appeared white flocculent, covering almost the entire concrete surface; the concrete surface in figure 2 has no mildew due to the same amount of bovine bone meal, age and curing conditions.|[0153] According to the invention, by controlling and adopting the dilute acid modification and composite grinding technology, the induction capability of the bovine bone meal is fully exerted, the mixing amount of the bovine bone meal is greatly reduced, and the anti-corrosion treatment and modification are carried out, so that the composite inducer mainly comprising the bovine bone meal is realized, the mixing amount is small, the strength and the permeability of the coating and the concrete are hardly influenced, the oyster larva attachment capability is very strong, the problem of mildew of the coating and the concrete is solved, and the oyster larva attachment number of the concrete doped with the inducer is obviously increased compared with the concrete not doped with the inducer, which is shown in figure 3 in particular.|[0154] The comparison documents and the reference documents show that: the calcium content is important for the attachment of oyster larvae, and the addition of a proper amount of calcium carbonate substances into the cement-based material is also proved by some current experimental results to promote the attachment and growth of the oyster larvae. However, cement paint and cement concrete contain a large amount of calcium ions, the pH value of the pore solution is generally larger than 12.5, and the pH value of the saturated calcium hydroxide solution is about 12 at normal temperature, so the concentration of the calcium ions in the concrete pore solution is about 5 mmol/L; the solubility of calcium carbonate is very low, and is only 9.5X 10 at 25 DEG C-5mol/L(9.5 x 10-2mmol/L). At present, the optimal range of calcium ion concentration for inducing oyster attachment is considered to be 10-25 mmol/L, and even if oyster larvae are placed in saturated calcium carbonate solution, enough Ca is not available2+The concentration provides a suitable ionic concentration for adhesion of the oysters. Further, Ca (OH) in the interior of cement coating and concrete2Can be released more quickly, while the dissolution of calcium carbonate takes longer. Therefore, it was confirmed that incorporation of calcium carbonate material in paints and concrete promotes adhesion of oyster larvae, Ca2+Not the dominant role. Early attachment, metamorphosis and HCO of oyster3-Related to Ca in allergy2+Together generating a secondary shell of calcium carbonate. After calcium carbonate is added, the calcium carbonate is mixed with CO2Reacting with water to form Ca (HCO)3)2The later participation in the attachment is the fundamental mechanism for promoting the attachment of oyster larvae.|[0155] The calcium carbonate doping amount in the cement-based material has an optimal doping amount, which can be explained from the following three aspects:|[0156] 1) for equivalent substituted cement, as the calcium carbonate content is increased, the alkali in the coating and concrete is diluted, the total alkalinity is reduced, but as the calcium carbonate content is increased, the dissolution probability of the calcium carbonate in the coating and concrete is increased, and the HCO in the solution is increased3-The content is increased, so that the attachment and metamorphosis of oysters are promoted; however, when the amount of the carbonate is too large, the permeability of the coating and the concrete is increased rapidly, alkali and carbonate in the coating and the concrete are exuded rapidly, so that the negative effect of the alkali is obvious, and the critical or negative effect of the carbonate is obvious, so that the adhesion is reduced;|[0157] 2) for the same amount of substituted aggregate, the permeability of the coating and concrete is reduced along with the increase of the mixing amount, and calcium ions and OH are caused-The bleeding of (2) is reduced, but the permeation rate of carbonate ions is gradually increased, and when reaching a certain value, the adhesion of the oyster reaches the maximum value; as the doping amount continues to increase, the calcium ions decrease greatly, carbonate ions may decrease, and the concentration of the calcium ions can limit the attachment of oyster larvae, which is expressed as the decrease of the attachment amount;|[0158] 3) for the same amount of mineral-substituted admixtures, the permeability is increased along with the increase of the admixture, and the HCO required for oyster adhesion is increased due to the increase of calcium carbonate3-The concentration reaches a proper range, which is shown as the attachment of oyster larvae is increased; as the amount of the mineral admixture continues to increase, the amount of the mineral admixture is reduced, so that the amount of alkali exuded increases, carbonate increases, but excess alkali and HCO3-The ions inhibit adhesion of oyster larvae.|[0159] Compared with a comparison document 4 (plum true, public, green, heavy, et. bio-adhesion effect of concrete artificial fish reef of different cement types [ J ] fishery science progress, 2017,38(5):57-63.), the difference is that:|[0160] in comparative document 4, composite portland cement, slag portland cement, pozzolanic portland cement, fly ash portland cement, and aluminate cement were used: the invention adopts the composite doping of ordinary portland cement and mineral admixture to realize low-alkalinity cement; the silica fume is one of mineral admixtures, has high activity, has obvious effect of improving the durability of reinforced concrete in the marine environment by proper mixing amount, and can obtain low-alkalinity cement with excellent strength and durability through optimized design and experiments. Meanwhile, by utilizing the characteristic of high impermeability of the silica fume concrete, a large amount of oyster larvae are attached, distorted and grown even if the alkalinity inside the concrete is higher. And the alkalinity of the cement concrete is regulated and controlled by adopting the composition of the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, so that a proper pH value is provided for the adhesion of oyster larvae. In addition, marine plants and sessile organisms such as oysters and barnacles have different alkali resistance and different environments required in the attachment period and later period, such as the attachment, metamorphosis and later growth of barnacles and oysters, need a large amount of calcium ions.|[0161] The concrete in the comparison document 4 is used for enriching marine organisms, mainly in view of the size and diversity of attached biomass, and the main attached organisms are various algae and the like. The aim of the research in the invention is to induce oyster adhesion, but the tolerance of oysters and barnacles to alkalinity is higher than that of algae, and a large amount of calcium ions are needed for adhesion and metamorphosis of oysters, so that two kinds of concrete look the same and are greatly different. Fig. 4 and 5 are comparison results of biological adhesion after the experiment of the comparison document 3 for about 210d and the experiment of the invention for 300d, respectively.|[0162] The concrete in the comparison document 4 is used for enriching marine organisms, mainly in view of the size and diversity of attached biomass, and the main attached organisms are various algae and the like. The aim of the research in the invention is to induce oyster adhesion, but the tolerance of oysters and barnacles to alkalinity is higher than that of algae, and a large amount of calcium ions are needed for adhesion and metamorphosis of oysters, so that two kinds of concrete look the same and are greatly different.|[0163] Therefore, since this part of knowledge relates to marine periphyton, the intersection of marine plants and marine concrete engineering disciplines, no matter those skilled in concrete and engineering fields or marine life fields, the technical feature of the present invention that relates the balance between concrete alkalinity reduction and calcium ion concentration to the attachment of marine periphyton can be obtained by comparing document 3.|[0164] In addition, the unique characteristics and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:|[0165] dark pigments or emulsified bitumens|[0166] By utilizing the light-resistant characteristic of oyster eyespot larvae, dark pigments (one or two of black iron oxide, nigrosine, carbon black, antimony sulfide, red iron oxide and organic pigment red) or asphalt are doped into the concrete to change the color of the concrete, so that the color of the concrete is darkened, oyster larvae are considered as a dark environment, the oyster larvae are induced to arrive at the dark concrete surface by themselves, the contact probability of the larvae and the concrete surface is increased, and the oyster larva induced attachment rate is increased. The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0167] the researchers of marine organisms, in order to breed and proliferate or in order to eliminate undesirable populations, consider the study of the adhesion of marine periphyton with different colored substrates, belonging to the subject of marine biology. The discipline of marine concrete engineering or concrete materials is quite different and is two big disciplines. By crossing the marine sessile organisms with the concrete discipline, the oyster larva induced attachment by adopting the dark-color coating and the concrete is obtained. In the invention, dark pigment or asphalt is added to deepen the color of paint and concrete to promote the attachment of oyster larvae. The incorporation of other materials into coatings and concrete can affect their performance. The invention considers that the concrete with different cement has different surface colors. Therefore, the amount of the dark color substance is determined according to the type and amount of the cement. Dark pigments or asphalt can also affect the properties of coatings and concrete. Most importantly, the deep color pigment or the asphalt is added, and the alkali and Ca in the coating and the concrete are not controlled2+When the permeation rate is equal, the released alkali can influence the attachment, metamorphosis and growth of sessile organism larvae, and when the mixing amount is more than a certain value, the attachment amount of the larvae is reduced. The impermeability of the concrete is designed and controlled, and the main measures are as follows: dark pigment or bitumen typeSelecting, controlling the adding amount and modifying. The attachment rate of the larvae is increased along with the increase of the doped amount of the dark substance, and when the doped amount is 0.5-6% of the cementing material, the attachment amount of the larvae is maximum, but then the attachment amount is slightly increased or kept unchanged.|[0168] Trace elements|[0169] According to the enrichment of a large amount of zinc in the oyster body, the zinc is far higher than the seawater where the oyster lives, and meanwhile, the oyster body also contains more Fe, P and K elements. At the same time, the appropriate Zn in the solution2+,K+The concentration can promote early stage attachment and metamorphosis of oyster larva. Therefore, zinc phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, zinc sulfate, potassium nitrate, ferric sulfate, ammonium nitrate, iron phosphate and calcium phosphate are used as trace elements to be doped into the concrete, and the strength and the impermeability of the concrete are basically kept unchanged through modifying the substances, so that the induced attachment rate of oyster larvae is greatly increased. The method specifically comprises the following steps:|[0170] the marine organism researchers, in order to clarify the oyster attachment mechanism and the purpose of breeding and proliferation, research the attachment and metamorphosis of different ions to marine periphyton, belong to the marine biology subject. The discipline of marine concrete engineering or concrete materials is quite different and is two big disciplines. Through the crossing of marine sessile organisms and concrete disciplines, the method is obtained by adding corresponding substances into the coating and the concrete to induce the adhesion of oyster larvae on the surface of the concrete. Because the soluble salts greatly affect the performance of the concrete, such as the early workability, the setting time and the later strength and impermeability, the invention adopts the diatomite as the carrier, fixes the inorganic salts in the diatomite, reduces the performance influence of the soluble salts on the coating and the concrete, and simultaneously utilizes the effect of the diatomite on improving the performance of the coating and the concrete to realize that the good performance of the coating and the concrete can still be maintained when the inducing substances are added. In addition, the diatomite has a slow release effect as a carrier, so that the soluble salt is slowly released, and particularly, after the diatomite is soaked in seawater for a certain time, the release rate is maintained at a small rate. Therefore, this part of knowledge also relates to the intersection of marine periphyton, chemistry and marine concrete engineering disciplines, and neither those skilled in the concrete and engineering fields nor marine life fields can, by the present background, obtain the technical features of the present invention of incorporating trace elements into coatings and concrete, altering the ionic content of trace elements on the surface of coatings and concrete and controlling the permeability of coatings and concrete in close association with coatings and concrete having a high ability to induce oyster larvae attachment.|[0171] Coating and concrete penetration|[0172] The strength and permeability of coatings and concrete are the two most important properties of coatings and concrete. When considering that different substances are added to promote adhesion, metamorphosis and later growth of oyster larvae, the strength and permeability of the oyster larvae cannot be greatly influenced by the oyster larvae, and then raw materials are selected according to the compatibility of various raw materials. However, in the related research, although the influence of the calcium content on the adhesion of the oyster larvae is considered, the permeability of the coating and the concrete is changed to change the alkali and ion leakage rate inside the coating and the concrete, and the poorer the impermeability of the coating and the concrete, the larger the alkali and ion leakage rate inside the coating and the concrete is, and the increase of the alkali and ion leakage rate may be exponential, regardless of the performance of the concrete itself. Thus, these released alkalis and ions have a great influence on the larvae, and there may be cases where the adhesion is promoted to be inhibited, which is more serious particularly when the cement is contained in a large amount. Therefore, the inducer is added into the coating and the concrete, and the permeability resistance of the coating and the concrete must be ensured to be changed within a controllable range, such as the change is not more than 10%. The induction effects of these can only be compared, otherwise the influence of the single or compound addition of the inducer on the induction effect of the oyster larvae cannot be evaluated.|[0173] Only the optimum environment required by the adhesion, metamorphosis and later growth of marine periphyton is mastered, and the coating and the concrete can be designed based on the high impermeability of the coating and the concrete, rather than neglecting the impermeability change of the coating and the concrete due to the consideration of the mixing amount of various raw materials. Therefore, this part of knowledge also relates to the intersection of marine periphyton, chemistry and marine concrete engineering disciplines, and no one skilled in the concrete and engineering fields or marine biology field can obtain the technical characteristics of the present invention that the overall control of the impermeability of the coating and concrete is closely linked to the ability of the inducer to promote the efficient induced adhesion of oysters by the existing background.|[0174] Therefore, since this part of knowledge relates to the intersection of marine periphytons, marine plants and marine concrete engineering disciplines, no one skilled in concrete and engineering fields or marine life fields can obtain the technical characteristics of the present invention of color change, bovine bone meal modification, milling technology and control of paint and concrete permeability in combination with paint and concrete having high efficiency of inducing oyster adhesion and high durability by comparing documents 1 to 3. And the technical feature of the present invention that the balance between the concrete alkalinity decrease and the calcium ion concentration is closely linked to the attachment of marine periphyton cannot be obtained by comparison with document 4.|[0175] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. | Family Number|(89382333)|89382333|Abstract|(CN111321699B B)|The invention relates to an ecological breakwater technology , in particular to a waste concrete marine ecological engineering construction method , and belongs to the field of marine ecological engineering . The method comprises the steps that ( 1 ) the sea area where a breakwater is built is investigated ; ( 2 ) a concrete attachment substrate is prepared ; ( 3 ) seed oysters are collected quantitatively and farmed ; ( 4 ) the surface of a waste concrete block is treated ; ( 5 ) the waste concrete block is placed ; ( 6 ) the oyster attachment substrate is placed on site ; and ( 7 ) larva attachment monitoring andmanagement are performed . According to the method , blocks of building waste generated by buildings , infrastructures , etc . are utilized to build marine ecological breakwaters , the waste concrete can befully utilized in accordance with the characteristics of recycling and energy saving of the waste , the oyster attachment substrate can be further induced to grow , the water body is purified , shore - line erosion is prevented , biodiversity is maintained , carbon sequestration is achieved , ocean acidification is slowed down , and an ecological restoration ability is achieved . | | Civil engineering|Materials, metallurgy|Other special machines | A01K-061/54|C04B-028/04|C04B-028/06|C04B-028/08|C04B-041/50/79|C04B-041/50/8|C04B-041/50/83|C04B-041/65|E02B-003/06|E02B-003/06/2|Y02A-010/11|Y02A-040/81 | (GR1) C04B-028/04[RK1]; C04B-014/02[RK2]; C04B-022/00/2[RK3]; C04B-2103/302[RK4]; C04B-018/14/6[RK5]; C04B-018/14/1[RK6]; C04B-2103/54[RK7]; C04B-014/28[RK8]; C04B-022/14/2[RK9]; C04B-020/00/48[RK10]; C04B-2103/32[RK11]|(GR2) C04B-041/50/79[RK1]; C04B-028/04[RK2]|(GR3) C04B-028/04[RK1]; C04B-024/36[RK2]; C04B-014/06[RK3]; C04B-022/00/2[RK4]; C04B-014/28[RK5]; C04B-022/14/2[RK6]; C04B-024/26/41[RK7]; C04B-2103/32[RK8] | A01K-061/54|C04B-028/04|C04B-028/06|C04B-028/08|C04B-041/50/79|C04B-041/50/8|C04B-041/50/83|C04B-041/65|E02B-003/06|E02B-003/06/2|Y02A-010/11|Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/54|C04B-028/04|C04B-028/06|C04B-028/08|C04B-041/65|E02B-003/06 | A01K-061/54|C04B-028/04|C04B-028/06|C04B-028/08|C04B-041/65|E02B-003/06 | EP4071305;EP4071305|WO2021109983|WO2021109992|CN119206467|CN117885253|US12416127|US12478048 | EP4071305 94627237 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=P CAT=X|WO2021109983 94627237 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=P CAT=X|WO2021109992 94627247 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=P CAT=X|CN119206467 112872842 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117885253 109409034 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US12416127 94627237 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US12478048 94627247 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | CN107372242|CN104938384|CN103975885|CN103960183|CN203563533U|KR20070067336|JP2004068379 | CN107372242 77876462 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN104938384 70973747 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN103975885 67214537 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN103960183 67153976 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN203563533U 65374131 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|KR20070067336 33972799 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|JP2004068379 31978083 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | CN107372242; CN103975885; CN103960183; CN203563533U; CN104938384; JP2004068379; KR20070067336 | GRANTED | (CN111321699)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN111321699)|ALIVE | (CN111321699)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN111321699|Actual or expected expiration date=2039-12-02|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2019-12-02|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN201911210495|Application date=2019-12-02|Standardized application number=2019CN-1210495|Event publication date=2020-06-23|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN111321699|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2020-06-23|Standardized publication number=CN111321699|Event publication date=2020-06-23|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2020-07-17|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2021-07-13|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN111321699|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2021-07-13|Standardized publication number=CN111321699B|Event publication date=2021-07-13|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right|Event publication date=2025-01-03|Event code=CN/OL01|Event group=License agreements|Statement and withdrawal of Open License|APPLICANT:HARBIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY | (CN111321699)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSUzGURxqS0sBj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000057998648&ekey=2103&xpn=CN111321699B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=jrDum%252FoGM5d5tHFooFoYGLmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN111321699)|CN|(CN111321699)|CN | (CN111321699)|NAME=HARBIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN|(CN111321699)|NAME=HARBIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN111321699)|NAME=LÜ JIANFU|NAME=XU FEI|NAME=CAO ZHENZHEN|(CN111321699)|NAME=LÜ JIANFU|NAME=XU FEI|NAME=CAO ZHENZHEN | Titre: (CN111321699)|Construction method of marine ecological engineering of waste concrete Résumé: (CN111321699)|The invention relates to an ecological breakwater technology, in particular to a waste concrete marine ecological engineering construction method, and belongs to the field of marine ecological engineering. The method comprises the steps that (1) the sea area where a breakwater is built is investigated; (2) a concrete attachment substrate is prepared; (3) seed oysters are collected quantitatively and farmed; (4) the surface of a waste concrete block is treated; (5) the waste concrete block is placed; (6) the oyster attachment substrate is placed on site; and (7) larva attachment monitoring andmanagement are performed. According to the method, blocks of building waste generated by buildings, infrastructures, etc. are utilized to build marine ecological breakwaters, the waste concrete can befully utilized in accordance with the characteristics of recycling and energy saving of the waste, the oyster attachment substrate can be further induced to grow, the water body is purified, shore-line erosion is prevented, biodiversity is maintained, carbon sequestration is achieved, ocean acidification is slowed down, and an ecological restoration ability is achieved. | 68.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on marine ecological engineering using waste concrete and oyster farming, without central relevance to ocean iron fertilization or carbon sequestration through phytoplankton growth. | 7.0 | 4.0 | (CN111321699)|1 | (CN111321699)|5 | (CN111321699)|6|(CN111321699)|8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN111321699)|7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN111321699)|Number of Claims: NCL=6|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2021-07-13|Gazette number: GAZNUM=37-2901|Number of Pages: NPAGES=25|Primary examiner: 秦吉利|Primary examiner: Qin Jili||(CN111321699)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2020-06-23|Gazette number: GAZNUM=36-2601|Number of Pages: NPAGES=25|Primary examiner: 秦吉利|Primary examiner: Qin Jili| | (CN111321699)|Previous publication: CN111321699 A 2020-06-23 [CN111321699] | (CN111321699)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN111321699B)|Patent|(CN111321699)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 78 | CN202220128105U | CN202220128105U | CN217835963 | 102646022 | CN217835963 U 2022-11-18 [CN217835963U] | 2022-01-18 | 2022-01-18 | 2022-11-18 | (CN217835963U)|2022-11-18 | (CN217835963)|2032-01-18 | (CN217835963)|Offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function | (CN217835963)|The utility model discloses an energy self-sufficient offshore methanol production platform with a carbon capture function, and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, and the offshore methanol production platform comprises a platform supported on the sea through a supporting mechanism; the platform is provided with a waste gas conveying pipeline used for being communicated with the drilling platform and collecting waste gas generated by the drilling platform. A waste gas storage tank is further arranged on the platform, the waste gas conveying pipeline is communicated with an input port of the waste gas storage tank, an output port of the waste gas storage tank is communicated with the post-combustion carbon dioxide capturing system, and the post-combustion carbon dioxide capturing system is used for communicating carbon dioxide separated from waste gas with a carbon dioxide storage tank; the carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with a methanol production system. According to the invention, the problem of carbon dioxide emission of peripheral offshore platforms can be effectively solved, and the risk of secondary leakage of a carbon sequestration technology is reduced. | DALIAN SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY OFFSHORE | (CN217835963)|DALIAN SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY CO. LTD. ([CN]) | DU XIN|CUI NA|JI HANG|MIAO YICHAO|CHI LEI|ZHANG LINTAO|SUN KAIQIANG|PAN SHUAI|SUN QIANG|PENG DONGSHENG|PIAN CHENGRONG|LÜ YAN|MA JUN | (CN217835963)|DU XIN|CUI NA|JI HANG|MIAO YICHAO|CHI LEI|ZHANG LINTAO|SUN KAIQIANG|PAN SHUAI|SUN QIANG|PENG DONGSHENG|PIAN CHENGRONG|LÜ YAN|MA JUN | (CN217835963)|LIU QI;DALIAN GEZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENT LTD.|Reg. Nb: 21238|PAN XIAOTIE;DALIAN GEZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENT LTD.|Reg. Nb: 21238 | (CN217835963)|In conclusion, the invention can protect the atmospheric environment, reduce the greenhouse effect, produce methanol, have good economic benefit, and is a green offshore platform with environmental protection and economy|The chemical absorption method has the advantages of large gas treatment capacity, high carbon dioxide recovery rate and mature technology, and is suitable for offshore platforms.|(2) Compared with onshore methanol production plants, the offshore methanol production platform can collect and process carbon dioxide discharged by other offshore drilling platforms nearby, and the problem that a large amount of carbon dioxide generated in the operation of an offshore engineering project is difficult to process is solved.|In addition, in view of the particularity of the offshore environment, the carbon reduction difficulty is high, the maintenance is difficult, and the cost is high.| | (CN217835963)|1. An offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function is characterized by comprising a platform supported on the sea through a support mechanism; the platform is provided with an exhaust gas conveying pipeline which is communicated with the drilling platform and used for collecting exhaust gas generated by the drilling platform; the platform is also provided with a waste gas storage tank, the waste gas conveying pipeline is communicated with an input port of the waste gas storage tank, an output port of the waste gas storage tank is communicated with a post-combustion carbon dioxide capturing system, and the post-combustion carbon dioxide capturing system is used for communicating carbon dioxide separated from waste gas with the carbon dioxide storage tank; the carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with the methanol production system.| | (CN217835963)|The invention aims to provide an offshore methanol production platform which is self-sufficient in energy and has a carbon capture function, not only can not generate any carbon emission per se so as to effectively solve the problem of carbon dioxide emission of peripheral offshore platforms, but also reduces the risk of secondary leakage of a carbon sequestration technology. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|The invention discloses an offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and a carbon capture function, which relates to the technical field of ocean engineering and comprises a platform supported on the sea through a support mechanism; the platform is provided with an exhaust gas conveying pipeline which is communicated with the drilling platform and used for collecting exhaust gas generated by the drilling platform; the platform is also provided with a waste gas storage tank, the waste gas conveying pipeline is communicated with an input port of the waste gas storage tank, an output port of the waste gas storage tank is communicated with the burnt carbon dioxide capturing system, and the burnt carbon dioxide capturing system is used for communicating carbon dioxide separated from waste gas with the carbon dioxide storage tank; the carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with the methanol production system.|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to an offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and a carbon capture function.| | (CN217835963)|METHANOL PRODUCTION PLATFORM(100,37)|PRODUCTION PLATFORM(100,37)|OFFSHORE METHANOL PRODUCTION PLATFORM(100,35)|ENERGY SELF SUFFICIENCY(100,23)|CARBON CAPTURE FUNCTION(100,11)|CONVEYING PIPELINE(100,7)|OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT PARTICULARITY(64,1)|PLATFORM(59,32)|EXHAUST GAS CONVEYING PIPELINE(57,3)|WASTE GAS CONVEYING PIPELINE(51,4)|ONSHORE METHANOL PRODUCTION PLANT(51,1)|OFFSHORE PLATFORM PERIPHERAL(47,2)|STATIONARY JACKET(46,1)|OFFSHORE ENGINEERING PROJECT(44,1)|GREEN OFFSHORE PLATFORM(42,1)|OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT(42,1)|DRILLING PLATFORM(41,11)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING(41,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE(39,56)|CARBON CAPTURE CAPABILITY(35,6)|OFFSHORE DRILLING PLATFORM(35,4)|STORAGE TANK(34,29)|WASTE GAS(34,25)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(34,3)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(32,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(31,2)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION UNIT(30,2)|WASTE GAS STORAGE TANK(29,12)|ELECTROLYZED WATER MODULE(25,10)|SEA(25,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE TANK(24,9)|METHANOL PRODUCTION PLANT(24,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEPARATED(23,3)|EXHAUST GAS(22,10)|POST COMBUSTION CARBON DIOXIDE(22,5)|GAS TREATMENT(22,1)|ECONOMY(21,1)|PILE FOUNDATION(20,6)|SUBSEA PIPELINE(20,1)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION MODULE(19,3)|PRODUCTION PLANT(18,4)|SEAWATER LIFT PUMP(18,4)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION(18,1)|OFFSHORE ENGINEERING PROJECT OPERATION(18,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(17,10)|OFFSHORE PLATFORM(17,5)|CARBON REDUCTION DIFFICULTY(17,1)|METHANOL STORAGE TANK(15,6)|SEABED(14,4)|INPUT PORT(14,3)|ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT(14,2)|MATURE TECHNOLOGY(14,2)|AUTONOMY(14,1)|REGENERATING TOWER(13,3)|METHANOL PRODUCTION SYSTEM(12,9)|ELECTROLYTIC CELL(11,2)|HYDROGEN PRODUCTION(11,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY RATE(11,1)|HYDROGEN PURIFICATION(10,4)|OXYGEN STORAGE TANK(10,4)|LARGE GAS TREATMENT CAPACITY(10,1)|RECOVERY RATE(10,1)|SYNTHETIC COUPLED REACTION(10,1)|COUPLED REACTOR(9,5)|METHANOL PRODUCTION MODULE(9,5)|SOLAR PANEL(9,5)|ELECTROLYTIC BATH(9,2)|CARBON EMISSION(8,5)|UPPER BLOCK(8,5)|GREENHOUSE EFFECT(8,2)|OCEAN SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|PROCESS CARBON DIOXIDE(8,1)|VALUABLE LAND RESOURCE(8,1)|UPPER DECK(7,16)|LAND METHANOL PRODUCTION PLANT(7,2)|LEAN MEA SOLUTION(7,2)|RICH MEA SOLUTION(7,2)|BOARDING PLATFORM(7,1)|FIXATION INVESTMENT(7,1)|LAND SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|LIFTED SEAWATER(7,1)|ONSHORE FACILITY(7,1)|SEAWATER LIFTING PUMP(7,1)|GAS LIQUID SEPARATION(6,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE WATER VAPOR(6,2)|METHANOL FUEL(6,2)|CIRCULATING COMPRESSOR(6,1)|METHANOL REFINING(6,1)|PERIPHERAL OFFSHORE DRILLING PLATFORM(6,1)|PRODUCTION SYSTEM(5,9)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE MODULE(5,3)|504 REGENERATION TOWER(5,1)|ABSORBENT MEA SOLUTION(5,1)|CARBON CIRCULATION CONCEPT(5,1)|LEAN SOLUTION COOLER(5,1)|LIVING OFFICE(5,1)|PLATFORM PERSONNEL(5,1)|BYPRODUCT(4,2)|CONDENSATION(4,2)|ENTERPRISE(4,2)|HELICOPTER DECK(4,2)|REBOILER(4,2)|SUBMARINE PIPELINE(4,2)|SYNTHESIS COUPLING REACTION RECYCLING(4,2)|107 ONSHORE PLANT(4,1)|502 ABSORPTION TOWER(4,1)|508 LEAN LIQUID COOLER(4,1)|CAPTURING CARBON(4,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION PLATFORM(4,1)|CARBON TRADING MARKET(4,1)|COPPER CATALYST ACTION(4,1)|CRUDE PRODUCT METHANOL(4,1)|ELECTROLYTIC WATER MODULE(4,1)|OPEN SEAWATER CIRCULATION(4,1)|PLATFORM ELEVATION(4,1)|PLATFORM MAIN(4,1)|POPULARIZATION(4,1)|WIND DRIVEN GENERATOR(4,1)|VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE(3,5)|OFFSHORE FIXED JACKET STRUCTURE(3,3)|UPPER MODULE(3,3)|ABSORPTION PROCESS FLOW(3,2)|DIESEL ENGINE(3,2)|206 SEAWATER LIFT PUMP(3,1)| | (CN217835963)|1. An offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function is characterized by comprising a platform supported on the sea through a support mechanism;|the platform is provided with an exhaust gas conveying pipeline which is communicated with the drilling platform and used for collecting exhaust gas generated by the drilling platform;|the platform is also provided with a waste gas storage tank, the waste gas conveying pipeline is communicated with an input port of the waste gas storage tank, an output port of the waste gas storage tank is communicated with a post-combustion carbon dioxide capturing system, and the post-combustion carbon dioxide capturing system is used for communicating carbon dioxide separated from waste gas with the carbon dioxide storage tank;|the carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with the methanol production system.|2. The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficiency of energy and carbon capture capability of claim 1, wherein said platform comprises an offshore stationary jacket structure comprising an upper block, a jacket, and a pile foundation; the upper block comprises an upper deck and a lower deck; the jacket is correspondingly inserted into the pile foundation arranged on the seabed.|3. The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture capability of claim 1, wherein a wind turbine and a solar panel are disposed on the platform.|4. The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function according to claim 2, characterized in that 4 vertical axis wind turbines are arranged on the platform, and the 4 vertical axis wind turbines are respectively arranged at 4 corners of the upper deck.|5. The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture functions of claim 1, wherein a set of seawater desalination units is arranged on the platform, and the seawater desalination units are communicated with a seawater lift pump.|6. The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of claim 5, wherein the platform is further provided with an electrolyzed water module communicated with the seawater desalination device, the electrolyzed water module comprises an electrolytic cell device, a gas-liquid separation device, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank, and a hydrogen product obtained by the electrolyzed water module is communicated with the methanol production system.|7. The self-sufficient-energy-source and carbon-capture-capable offshore methanol production platform of claim 1, wherein the post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system is based on a chemical absorption process flow.|8. The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture capability of claim 1, wherein a methanol storage tank is further provided on the platform.|9. The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture capability of claim 8, wherein the methanol storage tank is connected to land via a subsea pipeline.|10. The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture capability of claim 1, wherein the methanol production system is based on a carbon dioxide water vapor reverse transformation, synthetic coupled reaction recycle process. | (CN217835963)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to an offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and a carbon capture function.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Various industries strive to explore how to reduce carbon and even not discharge carbon so as to reduce greenhouse effect and protect atmospheric environment. Especially after the carbon trading market is opened, for enterprises, reducing carbon emission is equivalent to saving expenses, and even redundant carbon quota can be sold to obtain profits, so that the carbon emission reduction is economical, and the enterprises are stimulated to reduce carbon unnecessarily. In the field of ocean engineering, most offshore platforms such as drilling platforms and pressurizing platforms are far off the shore, shore power cannot be used, and the requirements on energy sources such as high power and high stability are met, so that the traditional diesel engine is still used as a main energy supply means. This results in continuous large carbon emissions during operation, contrary to the current two-carbon policy. In addition, in view of the particularity of the offshore environment, the carbon reduction difficulty is high, the maintenance is difficult, and the cost is high.|[0003] Various carbon capture, carbon sequestration technologies are currently in force in an effort to reduce carbon emissions. However, carbon capture requires a large amount of energy consumption, and carbon may be generated while capturing carbon; the carbon sequestration technology, whether land sequestration or ocean sequestration, is not enough to prove the reliability and effectiveness at present, and leakage may occur under extreme geological or meteorological conditions, causing greater harm.|[0004] Methanol is an important chemical basic raw material, can be used for preparing various products such as olefin, aldehyde, ester, ether and the like, and has wide application in the fields of pesticide, medicine, chemical industry, plastics and the like. Meanwhile, methanol is also an important clean fuel, the demand for the methanol fuel is greatly increased under the condition that the policy promotes the great development of fuel cells, and the popularization and application of the methanol fuel are also beneficial to the energy structure transformation of China. The current preparation method of methanol mainly uses natural gas or coal as raw materials to prepare the methanol through a series of chemical process flows, so that the consumption of fossil raw materials is increased, carbon emission can not be avoided in the methanol production process, and the method is neither economical nor environment-friendly.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide an offshore methanol production platform which is self-sufficient in energy and has a carbon capture function, not only can not generate any carbon emission per se so as to effectively solve the problem of carbon dioxide emission of peripheral offshore platforms, but also reduces the risk of secondary leakage of a carbon sequestration technology.|[0006] In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0007] an offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function comprises a platform supported on the sea through a support mechanism;|[0008] the platform is provided with an exhaust gas conveying pipeline which is communicated with the drilling platform and used for collecting exhaust gas generated by the drilling platform;|[0009] the platform is also provided with a waste gas storage tank, the waste gas conveying pipeline is communicated with an input port of the waste gas storage tank, an output port of the waste gas storage tank is communicated with the burnt carbon dioxide capturing system, and the burnt carbon dioxide capturing system is used for communicating carbon dioxide separated from waste gas with the carbon dioxide storage tank;|[0010] the carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with the methanol production system.|[0011] The platform comprises an offshore fixed jacket structure, and the offshore fixed jacket structure comprises an upper module, a jacket and a pile foundation; the upper module comprises an upper deck and a lower deck; the guide pipe frame is correspondingly inserted into a pile foundation arranged on the seabed.|[0012] The platform is provided with a wind driven generator and a solar cell panel.|[0013] 4 vertical axis wind driven generators are arranged on the platform, and the 4 vertical axis wind driven generators are respectively arranged at 4 corners of the upper deck.|[0014] A set of seawater desalination device is arranged on the platform and communicated with the seawater lift pump.|[0015] The platform is also provided with an electrolyzed water module communicated with the seawater desalination device, the electrolyzed water module comprises an electrolytic bath device, a gas-liquid separation device, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank, and a hydrogen product obtained by the electrolyzed water module is communicated with the methanol production system.|[0016] The post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system is based on a process flow of a chemical absorption method.|[0017] The platform is also provided with a methanol storage tank.|[0018] The methanol storage tank is communicated with the land through a submarine pipeline.|[0019] The methanol production system is based on the technological process of carbon dioxide water vapor inverse transformation and synthesis coupling reaction recycling.|[0020] More specifically, the following:|[0021] a self-sufficient and carbon capture function of the energy offshore methanol production platform, the platform adopts the offshore fixed jacket structure, mainly by the upper portion chunk, the jacket, the pile foundation three parts is formed. The upper module is the main body of the platform and is divided into an upper deck and a lower deck, and the upper deck and the lower deck are rectangular; the jacket has 6 legs, and is correspondingly inserted into 6 pile foundations on the seabed.|[0022] The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function has the following energy sources: the wind-solar hybrid power system consisting of the vertical axis wind driven generator, the solar panel and the lithium battery energy storage device does not need external energy, does not produce waste gas emission, and is green and environment-friendly. 4 vertical axis aerogenerators are arranged at 4 corners of the upper deck, and the occupied space is small. The vertical axis wind driven generator can effectively reduce the height of the fan and is beneficial to installation and maintenance on the sea. Solar panel arranges the upper deck, and lithium cell energy memory and distribution system arrange at the lower deck.|[0023] The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function is suitable to be arranged at a position close to a plurality of offshore drilling platforms, so that waste gas generated by the offshore drilling platforms can be collected conveniently; an exhaust gas storage tank is arranged on the upper deck, and exhaust gas generated when the peripheral offshore drilling platform operates is directly conveyed to the exhaust gas storage tank through a pipeline for temporary storage.|[0024] The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function is characterized in that a carbon dioxide storage tank is arranged on an upper deck and used for storing carbon dioxide captured by a post-combustion capture technology for waste gas; and also for storing carbon dioxide transported by the carbon dioxide transport vessel to the platform for disposal.|[0025] According to the offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function, the lower deck is provided with the seawater desalination device, and a part of seawater lifted to the platform through the seawater lifting pump is desalinated. Another part of the lifted seawater is used as cooling water. The lower deck is also provided with a set of electrolyzed water module which specifically comprises an electrolytic bath device, a gas-liquid separation device, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank and is used for electrolyzing the desalted water to prepare hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the hydrogen is used as a raw material for methanol production, and the oxygen can be collected as a byproduct and can also be directly discharged into the atmosphere.|[0026] The offshore methanol production platform is self-sufficient in energy and has the carbon capture function, the carbon dioxide capture module after combustion is arranged on the lower deck, the gas in the waste gas storage tank is captured by the carbon dioxide capture module after combustion, the carbon dioxide capture method after combustion is adopted, the fixation investment is less, the system is independent and flexible, the principle is simple, the technology is mature, and the offshore methanol production platform is the technology most suitable for capturing the carbon dioxide by the offshore platform. The carbon dioxide separation technology adopted in the method is a chemical absorption method, and the principle is as follows: enabling carbon dioxide in the waste gas to react with the absorbent chemically, absorbing the carbon dioxide in the gas, and discharging the rest gas into the atmosphere; then the absorbent is heated to decompose the carbon dioxide again, thereby achieving the purpose of separating and recovering the carbon dioxide. The chemical absorption method has the advantages of large gas treatment capacity, high carbon dioxide recovery rate and mature technology, and is suitable for offshore platforms.|[0027] According to the offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function, the lower deck is provided with the set of methanol production modules, the captured carbon dioxide and hydrogen prepared by electrolyzed water are used as raw materials, the technological processes of carbon dioxide and water vapor inverse transformation and synthesis coupling reaction recycling are mainly adopted, and the offshore methanol production platform has the characteristics of simple equipment, mild reaction conditions, mature technology, high carbon conversion rate and high methanol generation rate. Two methanol storage tanks are contained in the methanol production module and are used for collecting the produced product methanol. The methanol can be transported to various ports by special transport vessels, or submarine pipelines can be constructed to be directly transported to land from the platform.|[0028] By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:|[0029] (1) Compared with land-based methanol production plants, the method does not occupy valuable land resources.|[0030] (2) Compared with onshore methanol production plants, the offshore methanol production platform can collect and process carbon dioxide discharged by other offshore drilling platforms nearby, and the problem that a large amount of carbon dioxide generated in the operation of an offshore engineering project is difficult to process is solved.|[0031] (3) Compared with a land-based methanol production plant, the wind energy and the light energy on the sea are more sufficient than those on the land, the energy used by the offshore methanol production platform is completely from green energy sources such as wind and light, is self-sufficient, has no continuous energy source cost, does not cause extra carbon emission, and is economical and environment-friendly.|[0032] (4) Compared with the traditional methanol production plant which uses coal or natural gas as raw materials, the offshore methanol production platform only uses waste gas and seawater as raw materials, changes waste into valuable, has sufficient raw materials and no cost, and can also make extra profit by performing carbon capture on the waste gas even under the condition that carbon trading is open.|[0033] (5) Compared with a carbon sequestration technology with safety and reliability to be verified, the carbon sequestration platform adopts a carbon circulation concept to reduce carbon emission, uses carbon dioxide as a raw material to prepare other industrial finished products, achieves the purposes of carbon sequestration and energy storage, and is mature in technology, safe and reliable.|[0034] (6) Compared with the common carbon sequestration technology, the platform can fix carbon, and meanwhile, the platform can obtain profits through carbon reduction and produced methanol products, and has remarkable economic benefit.|[0035] In conclusion, the invention can protect the atmospheric environment, reduce the greenhouse effect, produce methanol, have good economic benefit, and is a green offshore platform with environmental protection and economy|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0036] Fig. 1 is a general arrangement diagram of the sea area of the present invention.|[0037] Fig. 2 is a platform elevation of the present invention.|[0038] Figure 3 is a plan view of the upper deck of the present invention.|[0039] Figure 4 is a plan view of the lower deck of the present invention.|[0040] FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of a post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention.|[0041] FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram of a methanol production system of the present invention.|[0042] In the drawings, the reference numbers are respectively:|[0043] in fig. 1: 101-offshore methanol production platform, 102, 103, 104-surrounding drilling platform, 105-exhaust gas transfer line, 106-remote offshore platform, 107-onshore plant, 108-carbon dioxide carrier.|[0044] In fig. 2: 201-jacket, 202-jacket to upper block connection, 203-upper block, 204-upper deck, 205-lower deck, 206-seawater lift pump, 207-pump tower, 208-landing, 209-stairway, 210-waste gas line.|[0045] In fig. 3: 301-vertical axis wind turbine, 302-solar panel, 303-waste gas storage tank, 304-carbon dioxide storage tank, 305-office living area, 306-helicopter deck, 307-crane.|[0046] In fig. 4: 401-a seawater desalination module, 402-an electrolytic water module, 403-a burned carbon dioxide capture module, 404-a methanol production module, 405-a power distribution equipment room, and 406-a storage battery room.|[0047] In fig. 5: 501-fan, 502-absorption tower, 503-rich liquid pump, 504-regeneration tower, 505-reboiler, 506-lean liquid pump, 507-lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, 508-lean liquid cooler.|[0048] In fig. 6: 601-coupling reactor, 602-heat exchanger, 603-condenser, 604-pump, 605-methanol refining device, 606-methanol storage tank, 607-compressor.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0049] The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.|[0050] As shown in fig. 1, which is a general arrangement diagram of the sea area of the present invention, the offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of the present invention is preferably installed in a sea area rich in oil and gas fields with a plurality of drilling platforms around, such as the bohai sea and the south sea area in China. In the operation process of the surrounding drilling platforms 102, 103 and 104, the waste gas generated by the diesel engine is desulfurized and dedusted, and then is directly conveyed to the offshore methanol production platform 101 through a waste gas conveying pipeline 105 for subsequent carbon capture treatment. Carbon dioxide produced at a remote offshore platform 106 or an onshore facility 107 can be captured and transported by a carbon dioxide carrier 108 to the offshore methanol production platform 101 for storage as a feedstock.|[0051] As shown in fig. 2-the elevation of the platform of the invention, the offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of the invention adopts an offshore fixed jacket structure, firstly, a jacket 201 is placed on the seabed, then, piles are driven, and then, an upper block 203 is welded above the jacket through a jacket and upper block connecting structure 202, so that the offshore methanol production platform 101 is installed. The upper block 203 is divided into two layers, consisting of an upper deck 204 and a lower deck 205. In addition, a seawater lift pump 206 is located below the sea surface and is secured to the jacket by a pump tower 207. Platform personnel can go up and down the platform via the boarding platform 208 and go to the different decks of the platform via the stairways 209. The exhaust from the other drilling platforms is conveyed to the platform via exhaust line 210.|[0052] As shown in fig. 3-plan view of the upper deck of the present invention, the offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of the present invention has 4 vertical axis wind turbines 301 arranged at four corners of the upper deck 204, and the vertical axis wind turbines can effectively reduce the height of the wind turbine and facilitate the installation and maintenance on the sea. The upper deck is also provided with a plurality of solar panels 302, and wind energy and solar energy constitute the energy source of the platform. Furthermore, there are arranged two waste gas tanks 303, two carbon dioxide tanks 304, a living office 305, a helicopter deck 306, and a crane 307.|[0053] As shown in fig. 4-a plan view of the lower deck of the present invention, an offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-contained energy and carbon capture capability according to the present invention has a seawater desalination module 401, an electrolyzed water module 402, a post-combustion carbon dioxide capture module 403, a methanol production module 404, a power distribution equipment room 405, and a battery room 406 disposed on the lower deck 205. The seawater desalination module 401 is used for desalinating seawater pumped up by the seawater lift pump 206, fresh water is used for generating hydrogen and oxygen by the subsequent electrolyzed water module 402, and the electrolyzed water module specifically comprises an electrolytic cell device, a gas-liquid separation device, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank. The hydrogen is used as a raw material for the subsequent production of methanol, and the oxygen can be stored as a byproduct and can also be directly discharged into the atmosphere. The roles of the post-combustion carbon dioxide capture module 403 and the methanol production module 404 are detailed in fig. 5, fig. 6.|[0054] As shown in fig. 5, a process flow diagram of the post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention, the present invention is a self-sufficient energy and carbon capture offshore methanol production platform 101, wherein the post-combustion carbon dioxide capture module on the platform separates and captures carbon dioxide by a chemical absorption method, and the chemical absorption agent uses an ethanolamine (MEA) solution. The specific process flow is as follows: the gas in the waste gas storage tank 303 is conveyed to the bottom of the absorption tower 502 through the fan 501, and is in reverse contact with the absorbent MEA solution (lean solution) sprayed from top to bottom to perform chemical reaction. The decarbonized and non-contaminated gas is discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the column, and the MEA solution (rich solution) having absorbed carbon dioxide is discharged from the bottom of the column and sent to the regeneration tower 504 by the rich solution pump 503 for desorption and regeneration. By heating the regeneration tower by the reboiler 505, the rich MEA solution will be thermally decomposed, and the released carbon dioxide will come out from the top of the regeneration tower and be transported to the carbon dioxide storage tank 304 for storage as a raw material. After releasing carbon dioxide, the rich MEA solution is changed into a lean MEA solution, and the lean MEA solution is transported by a lean solution pump 506, and first passes through a lean solution and rich solution heat exchanger 507, where the lean solution exchanges heat, and then is sent to a lean solution cooler 508 (using open seawater circulation cooling) for further cooling, and then returned to the top of the absorption tower for recycling.|[0055] As shown in fig. 6, which is a process flow diagram of a methanol production system of the present invention, the offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of the present invention mixes carbon dioxide and hydrogen on the platform and then introduces them into a coupling reactor 601, where the reaction is divided into two parts: the inverse transformation reaction of water and vapor is firstly carried out in the upper half section of the reactor, and after the reaction is carried out at the temperature of 220 ℃ and the pressure of 3.0Mpa and under the action of a catalyst, typical gas components comprise carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and water vapor. Then the gas enters the lower half section of the coupling reactor, and further reaction for synthesizing the methanol is carried out under the action of a copper-based catalyst. After the reaction, the mixed gas is discharged from the reactor, primarily cooled by a heat exchanger 602, and then cooled (by adopting open circulation cooling with seawater) in a condenser 603, the cooled liquid phase product is a mixture of crude product methanol and water, and is conveyed to a methanol refining device 605 by a pump 604, and the prepared refined methanol is conveyed to a methanol storage tank 606 for storage. The gas which cannot be liquefied in the condenser 603 is mixed gas which is not completely reacted in the coupling reactor 601, and is sent to the heat exchanger 602 through the circulating compressor 607, exchanges heat with the product at the outlet of the coupling reactor 601, then is sent back to the inlet at the top of the upper half section of the reactor, is mixed with the raw material gas, and then reacts in the coupling reactor 601 again. Therefore, the reaction rate of carbon can be improved, the energy consumption is saved, and more methanol products can be obtained.|[0056] The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention. | (CN217835963)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to an offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and a carbon capture function.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Various industries strive to explore how to reduce carbon and even not discharge carbon so as to reduce greenhouse effect and protect atmospheric environment. Especially after the carbon trading market is opened, for enterprises, reducing carbon emission is equivalent to saving expenses, and even redundant carbon quota can be sold to obtain profits, so that the carbon emission reduction is economical, and the enterprises are stimulated to reduce carbon unnecessarily. In the field of ocean engineering, most offshore platforms such as drilling platforms and pressurizing platforms are far off the shore, shore power cannot be used, and the requirements on energy sources such as high power and high stability are met, so that the traditional diesel engine is still used as a main energy supply means. This results in continuous large carbon emissions during operation, contrary to the current two-carbon policy. In addition, in view of the particularity of the offshore environment, the carbon reduction difficulty is high, the maintenance is difficult, and the cost is high.|[0003] Various carbon capture, carbon sequestration technologies are currently in force in an effort to reduce carbon emissions. However, carbon capture requires a large amount of energy consumption, and carbon may be generated while capturing carbon; the carbon sequestration technology, whether land sequestration or ocean sequestration, is not enough to prove the reliability and effectiveness at present, and leakage may occur under extreme geological or meteorological conditions, causing greater harm.|[0004] Methanol is an important chemical basic raw material, can be used for preparing various products such as olefin, aldehyde, ester, ether and the like, and has wide application in the fields of pesticide, medicine, chemical industry, plastics and the like. Meanwhile, methanol is also an important clean fuel, the demand for the methanol fuel is greatly increased under the condition that the policy promotes the great development of fuel cells, and the popularization and application of the methanol fuel are also beneficial to the energy structure transformation of China. The current preparation method of methanol mainly uses natural gas or coal as raw materials to prepare the methanol through a series of chemical process flows, so that the consumption of fossil raw materials is increased, carbon emission can not be avoided in the methanol production process, and the method is neither economical nor environment-friendly.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide an offshore methanol production platform which is self-sufficient in energy and has a carbon capture function, not only can not generate any carbon emission per se so as to effectively solve the problem of carbon dioxide emission of peripheral offshore platforms, but also reduces the risk of secondary leakage of a carbon sequestration technology.|[0006] In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0007] an offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function comprises a platform supported on the sea through a support mechanism;|[0008] the platform is provided with an exhaust gas conveying pipeline which is communicated with the drilling platform and used for collecting exhaust gas generated by the drilling platform;|[0009] the platform is also provided with a waste gas storage tank, the waste gas conveying pipeline is communicated with an input port of the waste gas storage tank, an output port of the waste gas storage tank is communicated with the burnt carbon dioxide capturing system, and the burnt carbon dioxide capturing system is used for communicating carbon dioxide separated from waste gas with the carbon dioxide storage tank;|[0010] the carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with the methanol production system.|[0011] The platform comprises an offshore fixed jacket structure, and the offshore fixed jacket structure comprises an upper module, a jacket and a pile foundation; the upper module comprises an upper deck and a lower deck; the guide pipe frame is correspondingly inserted into a pile foundation arranged on the seabed.|[0012] The platform is provided with a wind driven generator and a solar cell panel.|[0013] 4 vertical axis wind driven generators are arranged on the platform, and the 4 vertical axis wind driven generators are respectively arranged at 4 corners of the upper deck.|[0014] A set of seawater desalination device is arranged on the platform and communicated with the seawater lift pump.|[0015] The platform is also provided with an electrolyzed water module communicated with the seawater desalination device, the electrolyzed water module comprises an electrolytic bath device, a gas-liquid separation device, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank, and a hydrogen product obtained by the electrolyzed water module is communicated with the methanol production system.|[0016] The post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system is based on a process flow of a chemical absorption method.|[0017] The platform is also provided with a methanol storage tank.|[0018] The methanol storage tank is communicated with the land through a submarine pipeline.|[0019] The methanol production system is based on the technological process of carbon dioxide water vapor inverse transformation and synthesis coupling reaction recycling.|[0020] More specifically, the following:|[0021] a self-sufficient and carbon capture function of the energy offshore methanol production platform, the platform adopts the offshore fixed jacket structure, mainly by the upper portion chunk, the jacket, the pile foundation three parts is formed. The upper module is the main body of the platform and is divided into an upper deck and a lower deck, and the upper deck and the lower deck are rectangular; the jacket has 6 legs, and is correspondingly inserted into 6 pile foundations on the seabed.|[0022] The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function has the following energy sources: the wind-solar hybrid power system consisting of the vertical axis wind driven generator, the solar panel and the lithium battery energy storage device does not need external energy, does not produce waste gas emission, and is green and environment-friendly. 4 vertical axis aerogenerators are arranged at 4 corners of the upper deck, and the occupied space is small. The vertical axis wind driven generator can effectively reduce the height of the fan and is beneficial to installation and maintenance on the sea. Solar panel arranges the upper deck, and lithium cell energy memory and distribution system arrange at the lower deck.|[0023] The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function is suitable to be arranged at a position close to a plurality of offshore drilling platforms, so that waste gas generated by the offshore drilling platforms can be collected conveniently; an exhaust gas storage tank is arranged on the upper deck, and exhaust gas generated when the peripheral offshore drilling platform operates is directly conveyed to the exhaust gas storage tank through a pipeline for temporary storage.|[0024] The offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function is characterized in that a carbon dioxide storage tank is arranged on an upper deck and used for storing carbon dioxide captured by a post-combustion capture technology for waste gas; and also for storing carbon dioxide transported by the carbon dioxide transport vessel to the platform for disposal.|[0025] According to the offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function, the lower deck is provided with the seawater desalination device, and a part of seawater lifted to the platform through the seawater lifting pump is desalinated. Another part of the lifted seawater is used as cooling water. The lower deck is also provided with a set of electrolyzed water module which specifically comprises an electrolytic bath device, a gas-liquid separation device, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank and is used for electrolyzing the desalted water to prepare hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the hydrogen is used as a raw material for methanol production, and the oxygen can be collected as a byproduct and can also be directly discharged into the atmosphere.|[0026] The offshore methanol production platform is self-sufficient in energy and has the carbon capture function, the carbon dioxide capture module after combustion is arranged on the lower deck, the gas in the waste gas storage tank is captured by the carbon dioxide capture module after combustion, the carbon dioxide capture method after combustion is adopted, the fixation investment is less, the system is independent and flexible, the principle is simple, the technology is mature, and the offshore methanol production platform is the technology most suitable for capturing the carbon dioxide by the offshore platform. The carbon dioxide separation technology adopted in the method is a chemical absorption method, and the principle is as follows: enabling carbon dioxide in the waste gas to react with the absorbent chemically, absorbing the carbon dioxide in the gas, and discharging the rest gas into the atmosphere; then the absorbent is heated to decompose the carbon dioxide again, thereby achieving the purpose of separating and recovering the carbon dioxide. The chemical absorption method has the advantages of large gas treatment capacity, high carbon dioxide recovery rate and mature technology, and is suitable for offshore platforms.|[0027] According to the offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and the carbon capture function, the lower deck is provided with the set of methanol production modules, the captured carbon dioxide and hydrogen prepared by electrolyzed water are used as raw materials, the technological processes of carbon dioxide and water vapor inverse transformation and synthesis coupling reaction recycling are mainly adopted, and the offshore methanol production platform has the characteristics of simple equipment, mild reaction conditions, mature technology, high carbon conversion rate and high methanol generation rate. Two methanol storage tanks are contained in the methanol production module and are used for collecting the produced product methanol. The methanol can be transported to various ports by special transport vessels, or submarine pipelines can be constructed to be directly transported to land from the platform.|[0028] By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:|[0029] (1) Compared with land-based methanol production plants, the method does not occupy valuable land resources.|[0030] (2) Compared with onshore methanol production plants, the offshore methanol production platform can collect and process carbon dioxide discharged by other offshore drilling platforms nearby, and the problem that a large amount of carbon dioxide generated in the operation of an offshore engineering project is difficult to process is solved.|[0031] (3) Compared with a land-based methanol production plant, the wind energy and the light energy on the sea are more sufficient than those on the land, the energy used by the offshore methanol production platform is completely from green energy sources such as wind and light, is self-sufficient, has no continuous energy source cost, does not cause extra carbon emission, and is economical and environment-friendly.|[0032] (4) Compared with the traditional methanol production plant which uses coal or natural gas as raw materials, the offshore methanol production platform only uses waste gas and seawater as raw materials, changes waste into valuable, has sufficient raw materials and no cost, and can also make extra profit by performing carbon capture on the waste gas even under the condition that carbon trading is open.|[0033] (5) Compared with a carbon sequestration technology with safety and reliability to be verified, the carbon sequestration platform adopts a carbon circulation concept to reduce carbon emission, uses carbon dioxide as a raw material to prepare other industrial finished products, achieves the purposes of carbon sequestration and energy storage, and is mature in technology, safe and reliable.|[0034] (6) Compared with the common carbon sequestration technology, the platform can fix carbon, and meanwhile, the platform can obtain profits through carbon reduction and produced methanol products, and has remarkable economic benefit.|[0035] In conclusion, the invention can protect the atmospheric environment, reduce the greenhouse effect, produce methanol, have good economic benefit, and is a green offshore platform with environmental protection and economy|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0036] Fig. 1 is a general arrangement diagram of the sea area of the present invention.|[0037] Fig. 2 is a platform elevation of the present invention.|[0038] Figure 3 is a plan view of the upper deck of the present invention.|[0039] Figure 4 is a plan view of the lower deck of the present invention.|[0040] FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of a post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention.|[0041] FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram of a methanol production system of the present invention.|[0042] In the drawings, the reference numbers are respectively:|[0043] in fig. 1: 101-offshore methanol production platform, 102, 103, 104-surrounding drilling platform, 105-exhaust gas transfer line, 106-remote offshore platform, 107-onshore plant, 108-carbon dioxide carrier.|[0044] In fig. 2: 201-jacket, 202-jacket to upper block connection, 203-upper block, 204-upper deck, 205-lower deck, 206-seawater lift pump, 207-pump tower, 208-landing, 209-stairway, 210-waste gas line.|[0045] In fig. 3: 301-vertical axis wind turbine, 302-solar panel, 303-waste gas storage tank, 304-carbon dioxide storage tank, 305-office living area, 306-helicopter deck, 307-crane.|[0046] In fig. 4: 401-a seawater desalination module, 402-an electrolytic water module, 403-a burned carbon dioxide capture module, 404-a methanol production module, 405-a power distribution equipment room, and 406-a storage battery room.|[0047] In fig. 5: 501-fan, 502-absorption tower, 503-rich liquid pump, 504-regeneration tower, 505-reboiler, 506-lean liquid pump, 507-lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, 508-lean liquid cooler.|[0048] In fig. 6: 601-coupling reactor, 602-heat exchanger, 603-condenser, 604-pump, 605-methanol refining device, 606-methanol storage tank, 607-compressor.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0049] The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.|[0050] As shown in fig. 1, which is a general arrangement diagram of the sea area of the present invention, the offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of the present invention is preferably installed in a sea area rich in oil and gas fields with a plurality of drilling platforms around, such as the bohai sea and the south sea area in China. In the operation process of the surrounding drilling platforms 102, 103 and 104, the waste gas generated by the diesel engine is desulfurized and dedusted, and then is directly conveyed to the offshore methanol production platform 101 through a waste gas conveying pipeline 105 for subsequent carbon capture treatment. Carbon dioxide produced at a remote offshore platform 106 or an onshore facility 107 can be captured and transported by a carbon dioxide carrier 108 to the offshore methanol production platform 101 for storage as a feedstock.|[0051] As shown in fig. 2-the elevation of the platform of the invention, the offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of the invention adopts an offshore fixed jacket structure, firstly, a jacket 201 is placed on the seabed, then, piles are driven, and then, an upper block 203 is welded above the jacket through a jacket and upper block connecting structure 202, so that the offshore methanol production platform 101 is installed. The upper block 203 is divided into two layers, consisting of an upper deck 204 and a lower deck 205. In addition, a seawater lift pump 206 is located below the sea surface and is secured to the jacket by a pump tower 207. Platform personnel can go up and down the platform via the boarding platform 208 and go to the different decks of the platform via the stairways 209. The exhaust from the other drilling platforms is conveyed to the platform via exhaust line 210.|[0052] As shown in fig. 3-plan view of the upper deck of the present invention, the offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of the present invention has 4 vertical axis wind turbines 301 arranged at four corners of the upper deck 204, and the vertical axis wind turbines can effectively reduce the height of the wind turbine and facilitate the installation and maintenance on the sea. The upper deck is also provided with a plurality of solar panels 302, and wind energy and solar energy constitute the energy source of the platform. Furthermore, there are arranged two waste gas tanks 303, two carbon dioxide tanks 304, a living office 305, a helicopter deck 306, and a crane 307.|[0053] As shown in fig. 4-a plan view of the lower deck of the present invention, an offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-contained energy and carbon capture capability according to the present invention has a seawater desalination module 401, an electrolyzed water module 402, a post-combustion carbon dioxide capture module 403, a methanol production module 404, a power distribution equipment room 405, and a battery room 406 disposed on the lower deck 205. The seawater desalination module 401 is used for desalinating seawater pumped up by the seawater lift pump 206, fresh water is used for generating hydrogen and oxygen by the subsequent electrolyzed water module 402, and the electrolyzed water module specifically comprises an electrolytic cell device, a gas-liquid separation device, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank. The hydrogen is used as a raw material for the subsequent production of methanol, and the oxygen can be stored as a byproduct and can also be directly discharged into the atmosphere. The roles of the post-combustion carbon dioxide capture module 403 and the methanol production module 404 are detailed in fig. 5, fig. 6.|[0054] As shown in fig. 5, a process flow diagram of the post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention, the present invention is a self-sufficient energy and carbon capture offshore methanol production platform 101, wherein the post-combustion carbon dioxide capture module on the platform separates and captures carbon dioxide by a chemical absorption method, and the chemical absorption agent uses an ethanolamine (MEA) solution. The specific process flow is as follows: the gas in the waste gas storage tank 303 is conveyed to the bottom of the absorption tower 502 through the fan 501, and is in reverse contact with the absorbent MEA solution (lean solution) sprayed from top to bottom to perform chemical reaction. The decarbonized and non-contaminated gas is discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the column, and the MEA solution (rich solution) having absorbed carbon dioxide is discharged from the bottom of the column and sent to the regeneration tower 504 by the rich solution pump 503 for desorption and regeneration. By heating the regeneration tower by the reboiler 505, the rich MEA solution will be thermally decomposed, and the released carbon dioxide will come out from the top of the regeneration tower and be transported to the carbon dioxide storage tank 304 for storage as a raw material. After releasing carbon dioxide, the rich MEA solution is changed into a lean MEA solution, and the lean MEA solution is transported by a lean solution pump 506, and first passes through a lean solution and rich solution heat exchanger 507, where the lean solution exchanges heat, and then is sent to a lean solution cooler 508 (using open seawater circulation cooling) for further cooling, and then returned to the top of the absorption tower for recycling.|[0055] As shown in fig. 6, which is a process flow diagram of a methanol production system of the present invention, the offshore methanol production platform 101 with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function of the present invention mixes carbon dioxide and hydrogen on the platform and then introduces them into a coupling reactor 601, where the reaction is divided into two parts: the inverse transformation reaction of water and vapor is firstly carried out in the upper half section of the reactor, and after the reaction is carried out at the temperature of 220 ℃ and the pressure of 3.0Mpa and under the action of a catalyst, typical gas components comprise carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and water vapor. Then the gas enters the lower half section of the coupling reactor, and further reaction for synthesizing the methanol is carried out under the action of a copper-based catalyst. After the reaction, the mixed gas is discharged from the reactor, primarily cooled by a heat exchanger 602, and then cooled (by adopting open circulation cooling with seawater) in a condenser 603, the cooled liquid phase product is a mixture of crude product methanol and water, and is conveyed to a methanol refining device 605 by a pump 604, and the prepared refined methanol is conveyed to a methanol storage tank 606 for storage. The gas which cannot be liquefied in the condenser 603 is mixed gas which is not completely reacted in the coupling reactor 601, and is sent to the heat exchanger 602 through the circulating compressor 607, exchanges heat with the product at the outlet of the coupling reactor 601, then is sent back to the inlet at the top of the upper half section of the reactor, is mixed with the raw material gas, and then reacts in the coupling reactor 601 again. Therefore, the reaction rate of carbon can be improved, the energy consumption is saved, and more methanol products can be obtained.|[0056] The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention. | Family Number|(102646022)|102646022|Abstract|(CN217835963U U)|The utility model discloses an energy self - sufficient offshore methanol production platform with a carbon capture function , and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering , and the offshore methanol production platform comprises a platform supported on the sea through a supporting mechanism ; the platform is provided with a waste gas conveying pipeline used for being communicated with the drilling platform and collecting waste gas generated by the drilling platform . A waste gas storage tank is further arranged on the platform , the waste gas conveying pipeline is communicated with an input port of the waste gas storage tank , an output port of the waste gas storage tank is communicated with the post - combustion carbon dioxide capturing system , and the post - combustion carbon dioxide capturing system is used for communicating carbon dioxide separated from waste gas with a carbon dioxide storage tank ; the carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with a methanol production system . According to the invention , the problem of carbon dioxide emission of peripheral offshore platforms can be effectively solved , and the risk of secondary leakage of a carbon sequestration technology is reduced . | | Chemical engineering|Environmental technology|Transport | B01D-005/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/86|B63B-035/44 | B01D-005/00|B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-053/86|B63B-035/44 | CN118722986 | CN118722986 111643090 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y | GRANTED | (CN217835963)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN217835963)|ALIVE | (CN217835963)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN217835963|Actual or expected expiration date=2032-01-18|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2022-01-18|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202220128105|Application date=2022-01-18|Standardized application number=2022CN-U128105|Event publication date=2022-11-18|Event code=CN/U|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Registered Utility Model|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN217835963|Publication stage code=U|Publication date=2022-11-18|Standardized publication number=CN217835963U|Event publication date=2022-11-18|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN217835963)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=jf59U3ybGzZ2jQjnGYqMI6qLeopS8oZMbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000065554549&ekey=1937&xpn=CN217835963U&kind=U | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=tSB7D9sLxpjZerBYNjL%252FRbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN217835963)|CN | (CN217835963)|NAME=DALIAN SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY CO. LTD. , COUNTRY=CN | (CN217835963)|NAME=LIU QI;DALIAN GEZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENT LTD. , REG=21238NAME=PAN XIAOTIE;DALIAN GEZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENT LTD. , REG=21238 | (CN217835963)|NAME=DU XIN|NAME=CUI NA|NAME=JI HANG|NAME=MIAO YICHAO|NAME=CHI LEI|NAME=ZHANG LINTAO|NAME=SUN KAIQIANG|NAME=PAN SHUAI|NAME=SUN QIANG|NAME=PENG DONGSHENG|NAME=PIAN CHENGRONG|NAME=LÜ YAN|NAME=MA JUN | Titre: (CN217835963)|Offshore methanol production platform with self-sufficient energy and carbon capture function Résumé: (CN217835963)|The utility model discloses an energy self-sufficient offshore methanol production platform with a carbon capture function, and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, and the offshore methanol production platform comprises a platform supported on the sea through a supporting mechanism; the platform is provided with a waste gas conveying pipeline used for being communicated with the drilling platform and collecting waste gas generated by the drilling platform. A waste gas storage tank is further arranged on the platform, the waste gas conveying pipeline is communicated with an input port of the waste gas storage tank, an output port of the waste gas storage tank is communicated with the post-combustion carbon dioxide capturing system, and the post-combustion carbon dioxide capturing system is used for communicating carbon dioxide separated from waste gas with a carbon dioxide storage tank; the carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with a methanol production system. According to the invention, the problem of carbon dioxide emission of peripheral offshore platforms can be effectively solved, and the risk of secondary leakage of a carbon sequestration technology is reduced. | 71.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a methanol production platform with carbon capture, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN217835963)|1 | (CN217835963)|9 | (CN217835963)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN217835963)|6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN217835963)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2022-11-18|Gazette number: GAZNUM=38-4602|Number of Pages: NPAGES=12| | (CN217835963)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN217835963U)|Utility model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 79 | US09/304,063|EP00930107|US09/521,895|WOUS00/009805 | WOUS00/009805|EP00930107|ES00930107T|EP07116538|DE60039116T|NZ51556300|JP2000614800|AU4798600|AT00930107T | ES2307510|EP1913809|DE60039116|ATE397383|EP1207743|EP1913809|EP1207743|NZ515563|JP2003523275|AU761848|EP1207743|AU4798600|WO00/65902 | 881798 | WO00/65902 A1 2000-11-09 [WO200065902]|EP1207743 B1 2008-06-04 [EP1207743]|EP1207743 A4 2006-07-19 [EP1207743]|EP1207743 A1 2002-05-29 [EP1207743]|ES2307510 T3 2008-12-01 [ES2307510]|EP1913809 A3 2008-09-03 [EP1913809]|EP1913809 A2 2008-04-23 [EP1913809]|DE60039116 D1 2008-07-17 [DE60039116]|NZ515563 A 2004-04-30 [NZ-515563]|JP2003523275 A 2003-08-05 [JP2003523275]|AU761848 B2 2003-06-12 [AU-761848]|AU4798600 A 2000-11-17 [AU200047986]|ATE397383 T1 2008-06-15 [ATE397383] | 1999-05-04|2000-03-09|2000-04-27 | 2000-04-27|2000-04-27|2000-04-27|2000-04-27|2000-04-27|2000-04-27|2000-04-27|2000-04-27|2000-04-27 | 2008-12-01|2008-09-03|2008-07-17|2008-06-15|2008-06-04|2008-04-23|2006-07-19|2004-04-30|2003-08-05|2003-06-12|2002-05-29|2000-11-17|2000-11-09 | (EP1207743)|2008-06-04|||(DE60039116)|2008-07-17||(ES2307510)|2008-12-01|(ATE397383)|2008-06-15|(AU-761848)|2003-06-12| | (EP1207743)|2020-04-27|(EP1913809)|2010-11-03|(WO00/65902)|2002-11-04|(DE60039116)|2011-02-17|(JP2003523275)|2009-07-07|(ES2307510)|2011-07-15|(ATE397383)|2008-12-15|(AU761848)|2020-04-27|(NZ515563)|2020-04-27 | (EP1207743)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide | (EP1207743)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate. | GREENSEA VENTURE | (EP1207743)|GreenSea Venture, Inc. ([US])|(EP1207743)|Markels, Michael Jr. ([US])|(EP1207743)|Markels, Michael Jr. ([US])|(EP1913809)|GreenSea Venture, Inc. ([US])|(EP1913809)|GREENSEA VENTURE, INC.|(WO00/65902)|MARKELS, Michael, Jr. ([US])|(DE60039116)|GREENSEA VENTURE INC.||(ES2307510)|GREENSEA VENTURE, INC.|(ATE397383)|GREENSEA VENTURE, INC.|(AU761848)|GREENSEA VENTURE, INC.|(AU4798600)|GREENSEA VENTURE, INC.|(NZ515563)|GREENSEA VENTURE, INC | MARKELS MICHAEL JR | (EP1207743)|Markels, Michael, Jr.|(EP1207743)|Markels, Michael Jr.|(EP1207743)|Markels, Michael Jr. | (EP1207743)|Petri, Stellan;Ström & Gulliksson AB ([SE])|Reg. Nb: 00023987|(EP1913809)|Karlsson, Leif Gunnar Börje;Ström & Gulliksson AB ([SE])|Reg. Nb: 00089411|(WO00/65902)|MOORE, Thomas, J. etc. ([US]) | (EP1207743)|The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide.|Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits.|It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large.|This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest.| | (EP1207743)|1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in an open ocean comprising the following steps: applying a first fertilizer in a spiral pattern to an area of the surface of an open ocean.| | (EP1913809)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.| | (EP1207743)|METHANEDIONE(100,41)|OPEN OCEAN(100,6)|POLITICAL UNREST(100,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(77,6)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(71,1)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(68,1)|FERTILIZER(56,50)|FERTILIZER PATCH(46,8)|SPIRAL PATTERN(37,3)|SEQUESTRATION(34,2)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(28,1)|SUNLIGHT(23,5)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(23,3)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(20,3)|LIFE SPAN(19,1)|METHANEDIONE OCEANIC UPTAKE(19,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(19,1)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(18,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(18,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(17,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(13,1)|MONITORING METHANEDIONE UPTAKE(13,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(12,2)|BARREN DESERT(12,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(12,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(12,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(12,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(12,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(12,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(12,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(12,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(12,1)|THERMOCLINE(10,5)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(10,2)|AIJ CANDIDATE(10,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(10,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(9,2)|BLOOM DOT(9,1)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(9,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(9,1)|FISH BLOOM(9,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(9,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(9,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(9,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(9,1)|RIO TREATY(9,1)|SHALLOW BAY(9,1)|VERDANT ZONE(9,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(8,7)|PHOTIC ZONE(8,7)|ANOXIC CONDITION(8,2)|NATURAL SINK(8,2)|BIOMASS(7,3)|BLOOM INTERIOR(7,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(7,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(7,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(7,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(7,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(7,1)|MILKY GREEN(7,1)|POWER SOURCE(7,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(7,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(7,1)|SEA FLOOR(7,1)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(6,2)|EXPERIMENT(6,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(6,2)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(6,2)|MICROORGANISM(6,2)|REPORTING(6,2)|SUITABILITY(6,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(6,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(6,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(6,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(6,1)|FISH GROWTH(6,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(6,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(6,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(6,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(6,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|SHIP START(6,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(5,5)|DEEP OCEAN(5,3)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(5,3)|IRON CHELATE(5,3)|TREE(5,2)|WEATHER(5,2)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(4,1)|CORAL REEF(4,1)|COST ESTIMATION(4,1)|DEBIT(4,1)|ENOUGH LAND(4,1)|FERTILIZATION PULSE LENGTH(4,1)||(EP1207743)|METHANEDIONE(100,41)|OPEN OCEAN(100,6)|POLITICAL UNREST(100,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(77,6)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(71,1)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(68,1)|FERTILIZER(56,50)|FERTILIZER PATCH(46,8)|SPIRAL PATTERN(37,3)|SEQUESTRATION(34,2)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(28,1)|SUNLIGHT(23,5)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(23,3)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(20,3)|LIFE SPAN(19,1)|METHANEDIONE OCEANIC UPTAKE(19,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(19,1)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(18,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(18,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(17,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(13,1)|MONITORING METHANEDIONE UPTAKE(13,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(12,2)|BARREN DESERT(12,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(12,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(12,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(12,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(12,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(12,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(12,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(12,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(12,1)|THERMOCLINE(10,5)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(10,2)|AIJ CANDIDATE(10,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(10,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(9,2)|BLOOM DOT(9,1)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(9,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(9,1)|FISH BLOOM(9,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(9,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(9,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(9,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(9,1)|RIO TREATY(9,1)|SHALLOW BAY(9,1)|VERDANT ZONE(9,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(8,7)|PHOTIC ZONE(8,7)|ANOXIC CONDITION(8,2)|NATURAL SINK(8,2)|BIOMASS(7,3)|BLOOM INTERIOR(7,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(7,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(7,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(7,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(7,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(7,1)|MILKY GREEN(7,1)|POWER SOURCE(7,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(7,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(7,1)|SEA FLOOR(7,1)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(6,2)|EXPERIMENT(6,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(6,2)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(6,2)|MICROORGANISM(6,2)|REPORTING(6,2)|SUITABILITY(6,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(6,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(6,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(6,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(6,1)|FISH GROWTH(6,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(6,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(6,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(6,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(6,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|SHIP START(6,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(5,5)|DEEP OCEAN(5,3)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(5,3)|IRON CHELATE(5,3)|TREE(5,2)|WEATHER(5,2)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(4,1)|CORAL REEF(4,1)|COST ESTIMATION(4,1)|DEBIT(4,1)|ENOUGH LAND(4,1)|FERTILIZATION PULSE LENGTH(4,1)||(EP1207743)|METHANEDIONE(100,41)|OPEN OCEAN(100,6)|POLITICAL UNREST(100,1)|MISSING NUTRIENT(77,6)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(71,1)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(68,1)|FERTILIZER(56,50)|FERTILIZER PATCH(46,8)|SPIRAL PATTERN(37,3)|SEQUESTRATION(34,2)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(28,1)|SUNLIGHT(23,5)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(23,3)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(20,3)|LIFE SPAN(19,1)|METHANEDIONE OCEANIC UPTAKE(19,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(19,1)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(18,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(18,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(17,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(13,1)|MONITORING METHANEDIONE UPTAKE(13,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(12,2)|BARREN DESERT(12,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(12,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(12,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(12,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(12,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(12,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(12,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(12,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(12,1)|THERMOCLINE(10,5)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(10,2)|AIJ CANDIDATE(10,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(10,1)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(9,2)|BLOOM DOT(9,1)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(9,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(9,1)|FISH BLOOM(9,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(9,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(9,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(9,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(9,1)|RIO TREATY(9,1)|SHALLOW BAY(9,1)|VERDANT ZONE(9,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(8,7)|PHOTIC ZONE(8,7)|ANOXIC CONDITION(8,2)|NATURAL SINK(8,2)|BIOMASS(7,3)|BLOOM INTERIOR(7,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(7,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(7,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(7,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(7,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(7,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(7,1)|MILKY GREEN(7,1)|POWER SOURCE(7,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(7,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(7,1)|SEA FLOOR(7,1)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(6,2)|EXPERIMENT(6,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(6,2)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(6,2)|MICROORGANISM(6,2)|REPORTING(6,2)|SUITABILITY(6,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(6,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(6,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(6,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(6,1)|FISH GROWTH(6,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(6,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(6,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(6,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(6,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(6,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(6,1)|SHIP START(6,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(6,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(5,5)|DEEP OCEAN(5,3)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(5,3)|IRON CHELATE(5,3)|TREE(5,2)|WEATHER(5,2)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(4,1)|CORAL REEF(4,1)|COST ESTIMATION(4,1)|DEBIT(4,1)|ENOUGH LAND(4,1)|FERTILIZATION PULSE LENGTH(4,1)||(EP1913809)|METHANEDIONE(100,4)|FERTILIZER PATCH(100,2)|FERTILIZER(95,7)|MISSING NUTRIENT(62,1)|FISH GROWTH(44,1)|SPIRAL PATTERN(37,1)|NUTRIENT(36,1)|ZOOPLANKTON(34,1)|SEA(28,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(26,1)|DIFFUSION(24,1)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(23,1)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(23,1)||(EP1913809)|METHANEDIONE(100,4)|FERTILIZER PATCH(100,2)|FERTILIZER(95,7)|MISSING NUTRIENT(62,1)|FISH GROWTH(44,1)|SPIRAL PATTERN(37,1)|NUTRIENT(36,1)|ZOOPLANKTON(34,1)|SEA(28,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(26,1)|DIFFUSION(24,1)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(23,1)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(23,1)||(WO00/65902)|METHANEDIONE(100,42)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,10)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(100,8)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(95,4)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTERING(50,1)|FERTILIZER(49,59)|POLITICAL UNREST(49,1)|LIMITING ZOOPLANKTON(44,2)|FISH GROWTH(37,3)|HARNESS(35,1)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(33,1)|FERTILIZER PATCH(30,9)|NET METHANEDIONE(30,2)|SPIRAL PATTERN(27,5)|FERTILIZATION(26,19)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(26,1)|NUTRIENT(23,15)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(23,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(21,1)|INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD(20,1)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(19,2)|INFANCY(19,1)|SUNLIGHT(18,4)|METHANEDIONE LEVEL(15,3)|FOSSIL FUEL(14,6)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(14,1)|INDUSTRIAL WORLD(13,1)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(11,3)|GEOLOGICAL FORMATION(11,1)|THERMOCLINE(10,6)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(9,3)|LIFE SPAN(9,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(8,2)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(8,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(8,1)|EXHAUST GAS(8,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(7,8)|HEAT ENGINE(7,1)|SOLAR POWER(7,1)|IRON CHELATE(6,4)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE CONTENT(6,2)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN(6,1)|NATURAL GAS(6,1)|POWER PRODUCING EQUIPMENT(6,1)|OPEN OCEAN(5,4)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(5,2)|BARREN DESERT(5,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(5,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(5,1)|FERTILIZATION SPIRAL PATTERN(5,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(5,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(5,1)|NET ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(5,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(5,1)|OCEAN NINETY(5,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(5,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(5,1)|ANOXIC CONDITION(4,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(4,2)|BLOOM DOT(4,1)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(4,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(4,1)|FISH BLOOM(4,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(4,1)|NET METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(4,1)|RELEASED METHANEDIONE(4,1)|RIO TREATY(4,1)|SHALLOW BAY(4,1)|VERDANT ZONE(4,1)|EXPERIMENT(3,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(3,2)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(3,2)|MICROORGANISM(3,2)|REPORTING(3,2)|SUITABILITY(3,2)|BLOOM INTERIOR(3,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(3,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(3,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(3,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(3,1)|MILKY GREEN(3,1)|POWER SOURCE(3,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,5)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(2,3)|PLANT MATERIAL(2,3)|TREE(2,2)|WEATHER(2,2)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(2,1)|ATMOSPHERE METHANEDIONE LEVEL(2,1)|BIOMASS(2,1)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(2,1)|CORAL REEF(2,1)|DEBIT(2,1)|ENOUGH LAND(2,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(2,1)|NATURAL SINK(2,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(2,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(2,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(2,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,1)|SHIP START(2,1)||(DE60039116)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,1)||(JP2003523275)|FERTILIZER(100,57)|METHANEDIONE(100,47)|NUTRIENT(100,13)|METHANEDIONE SEQUESTRATION(100,7)|EXTENT(100,6)|DEEP MUNICIAN(100,5)|ABSENT NUTRIENT(100,3)|DEEP PUBLIC(100,2)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,2)|SEQUESTERING METHANEDIONE(98,2)|NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY(92,3)|PLANT PLANKTON GROWTH(57,1)|POLITICAL ANXIETY(51,1)|REGION HYPERTROPHY(43,3)|HAIRLESS MARINE(42,1)|BLOCKED METHANEDIONE(40,2)|REGION HYPERTROPHICATION(38,1)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(37,1)|FERTILIZER COMPARTMENT(34,5)|SPIRAL PATTERN(32,4)|DECREASED LIFESPAN(32,1)|DEEP PUBLIC DOMAIN(31,1)|ANIMAL PLANKTON(29,4)|PLANT PLANKTON(28,9)|DEEP MUNICIAN SURFACE(28,2)|TRANSILLUMINATION BAND DEPTH(28,1)|HYPERTROPHY(21,13)|NATURAL SINK(21,2)|SEQUESTRATION(18,2)|FERTILIZER MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION(17,2)|PUBLIC COMPATIBLE AREA(17,1)|PLANT PLANKTON BLOOM(14,3)|LIGNIN SULFONIC ACID(14,2)|SUNLIGHT(12,5)|DECREASED LEVEL(12,1)|OCEAN CURRENT(10,5)|FOSSIL FUEL(9,7)|ENERGY DEMAND(9,1)|PERCEAN OCEAN(9,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN JUMP(9,1)|SQUARE MILE(8,6)|HAIRLESS OCEAN(8,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE REVERSAL(8,1)|IRON CHELATE(7,4)|SEA FLOOR(7,4)|TRANSLUCENT BAND DEPTH(7,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(7,1)|DEEP TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(7,1)|SEQUESTERED METHANEDIONE(7,1)|ANIMAL PLANKTON GROWTH(6,1)|ANNUAL FISHABLE(6,1)|FERTILIZER OPTIMIZATION(6,1)|HYPERTROPHIC SEAWATER(6,1)|INTENSITY POWER SOURCE(6,1)|METHANEDIONE METABOLISM(6,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(5,5)|ANNUAL METHANEDIONE PRODUCTION(5,1)|COMMERCIALIZED WORLDWIDE ECONOMY(5,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON COMPARTMENT(5,1)|FERTILIZER NUTRIENT(5,1)|GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY(5,1)|GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY(5,1)|HYPERTROPHIC SITUATION(5,1)|LYO TREATY(5,1)|METHANEDIONE SINK(5,1)|NET METHANEDIONE(5,1)|PLANKTON ORGANISM(5,1)|PLANT PLANKTON RISE(5,1)|PUBLIC COMPATIBLE AREA SURFACE(5,1)|UNGLAZED OCEAN(5,1)|VARIABLE TEMPERATURE LAYER(4,6)|BIOMASS(4,3)|IRON SALT(4,3)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE LEVEL(4,2)|LARGE MARINE FANCY(4,2)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(4,2)|ATMOSPHERIC METHANEDIONE CONTENT(4,1)|BIOCARBON FRACTION(4,1)|CYANOBACTERIA PLANT(4,1)|EARLY HYPERTROPHY(4,1)|EARTH CLIMATE(4,1)|EFFICACY MEASURE(4,1)|EFFICIENCY FERTILIZER(4,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(4,1)|FUNDAMENTAL THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(4,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(4,1)|HYPEROPIA PATTERN(4,1)|HYPERPLASIA HELICAL PATTERN(4,1)|HYPERTROPHY DAY(4,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(4,1)|LIVE CORING(4,1)|METHANEDIONE REMOVAL(4,1)|METHANEDIONE ZERO NET PRODUCTION(4,1)|OCEAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(4,1)|POWDERED FERTILIZER(4,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(4,1)|SEA FOOD(4,1)|SHALLOW SEA(4,1)|SPIRALED ARM(4,1)|SUPERFICIAL WOUND(4,1)|WORLDWIDE FISH PRODUCTION(4,1)|WORLDWIDE MARINE PLANT LIFE(4,1)|METHANEDIONE NET FLOW(3,2)|MICROORGANISM(3,2)|ORGANIC CARBON SETTLING(3,2)|ORGANIC NITROGEN SETTLING(3,2)|ORGANIC PARTICLE(3,2)|SECTOR(3,2)|ANIMAL PLANKTON FOOD SUPPLY(3,1)|FERTILIZER COMPARTMENT SIZE(3,1)|FERTILIZER LOCATION(3,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(3,1)|FILTERED FED FISH(3,1)|HELIX PATTERN(3,1)|HYDOXYLATED WATER(3,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(3,1)|MAJOR NUTRIENT(3,1)|MARINE FANCY(3,1)|METHANE REMOVAL(3,1)|NEGATIVE SINK(3,1)|NUTRIENT DENSE SUBSEA WATER(3,1)|OCEAN SQUARE MILE(3,1)|REPORT(3,1)|SQUARE MILE COMPARTMENT(3,1)|TRENDSTREAM(3,1)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(2,3)|PELLET(2,3)|AREA HYPERTROPHY(2,1)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(2,1)|COST ESTIMATION(2,1)||(AU761848)|MISSING NUTRIENT(100,10)|FERTILIZER(49,59)|POLITICAL UNREST(49,1)|OPEN OCEAN DEPTH(46,8)|LIMITING ZOOPLANKTON(44,2)|SEQUESTERING CARBON DIOXIDE(41,7)|FISH GROWTH(37,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(36,7)|OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT(33,1)|FERTILIZER PATCH(30,9)|CARBON DIOXIDE STATEMENT(28,4)|SPIRAL PATTERN(27,5)|FERTILIZATION(26,20)|NUTRIENT(23,15)|LIGNIN ACID SULFONATE(19,2)|SEQUESTRATION(16,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(14,44)|HARNESS LOW INTENSITY(14,1)|SUNLIGHT(11,5)|THERMOCLINE(10,6)|GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY(9,3)|LIFE SPAN(9,1)|SUPERSATURATED OCEAN UPWELLING(9,1)|BARREN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN(8,1)|ENERGY REQUIREMENT(8,1)|PHOTIC ZONE(7,8)|IRON CHELATE(6,4)|CATCH ABLE FISH TON(6,2)|DEEP TROPICAL OCEAN(6,1)|SEQUESTER CARBON DIOXIDE(5,3)|SINKING ORGANIC PARTICLE(5,2)|BARREN DESERT(5,1)|BARREN OCEAN SQUARE MILE(5,1)|FERTILIZATION CESSATION(5,1)|FERTILIZATION SPIRAL PATTERN(5,1)|FLOATING BUOY PLACEMENT(5,1)|OCEAN FERTILIZATION(5,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISM(5,1)|VERDANT ECOSYSTEM(5,1)|ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION(5,1)|ANOXIC CONDITION(4,2)|NATURAL SINK(4,2)|SEAFOOD PRODUCTION(4,2)|BLOOM DOT(4,1)|FERTILIZER YEAR(4,1)|FISH BLOOM(4,1)|FISH INTRODUCTION(4,1)|RIO TREATY(4,1)|SHALLOW BAY(4,1)|VERDANT ZONE(4,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(3,7)|BIOMASS(3,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE METABOLISM(3,2)|DEEP BARREN OCEAN SURFACE(3,2)|EXPERIMENT(3,2)|FERTILIZED WATER(3,2)|MICROORGANISM(3,2)|REPORTING(3,2)|SUITABILITY(3,2)|BLOOM INTERIOR(3,1)|CONSTANT PHYTOPLANKTON(3,1)|FERTILIZATION OPTIMUM PATTERN(3,1)|FERTILIZER NATURE(3,1)|HUMAN INTERVENTION(3,1)|INORGANIC NITRATE(3,1)|IRON FERTILIZER(3,1)|MILKY GREEN(3,1)|POWER SOURCE(3,1)|PRELIMINARY CALCULATION(3,1)|RELEASE MINUS SINK(3,1)|SEA FLOOR(3,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM(2,5)|PLANT LIFE(2,4)|ATMOSPHERE CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT(2,3)|DEEP OCEAN(2,3)|DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT(2,3)|TREE(2,2)|WEATHER(2,2)|ANNUAL CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION(2,1)|APPROXIMATE BALANCE(2,1)|BASIC THERMODYNAMICS LIMIT(2,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION(2,1)|CARBON MAXIMUM FIXATION(2,1)|CORAL REEF(2,1)|COST ESTIMATION(2,1)|DEBIT(2,1)|ENOUGH LAND(2,1)|FILTER FEEDER FISH(2,1)|INORGANIC NITROGEN(2,1)|NUMEROUS ORGANISM(2,1)|NUTRIENT CONTENT(2,1)|ORGANIC TURNOVER(2,1)|PHOTOSYNTHESIS(2,1)|SHIP START(2,1)|SUBSTITUTE SHEET(2,1)|THERMODYNAMICS BASIS(2,1)| | (EP1207743)|1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in an open ocean comprising the following steps: applying a first fertilizer in a spiral pattern to an area of the surface of an open ocean.|2. The method of claim 1, wherein said applying forms a patch of fertilizer, and the minimum concentration of said first fertilizer at any point in the surface of said patch is not less than from about 50% to about 60% of the maximum concentration of said first fertilizer at any point in the surface of said patch at a time about three days after the last application of fertilizer.|3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of testing an area of the surface of the open ocean, in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from said area, and to identify said first missing nutrient.|4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first fertilizer comprises said first missing nutrient and fertilizes said area with an appropriate amount of said first missing nutrient whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered.|5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from said fertilization of said area.|6. The method of claim 1, wherein said spiral pattern starts at a buoy that floats with current.|7. The method of claim 1, wherein said area of said open ocean has a depth in excess of about 5,000 feet.|8. The method of claim 1, wherein said spiral pattern comprises a plurality of arms, and wherein the concentration of said first fertilizer in said area does not vary by more than 50% between said arms of said spiral for from about one to about two days after said applying to said arms. | (EP1207743)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0001] The field of the invention is controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This may have a significant effect on global climate change, including global warming.|[0002] The carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has been increasing. This is based on measurements over the last 40 years or more. There is concern that this increase may result in global climate change, which over time may have an adverse effect on weather, sea level and human survival.|[0003] This concern has lead to the 1992 Rio Treaty and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. These call for significant decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels by the industrial world. If these reductions are put into effect, then serious adverse consequences are expected. The economy of the industrialized world could be significantly, adversely affected. This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest. Moreover, this would not be a solution because it does not permit or require a reversal of the currently increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|[0004] Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere both by the burning of fossil fuels, and by the recycling of plant materials. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by the photosynthesis of plants on land and in the oceans. This removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere may be referred to as a carbon dioxide sink. It is the net flow (releases minus sinks) that has caused the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide level which is of present concern. Without human intervention, the net flow of carbon dioxide into and out of the atmosphere is roughly zero, with the sources and sinks in rough balance. When fossil fuels are burned, only about 60 percent of the released carbon dioxide is subsequently taken out of the atmosphere by natural sinks. The remaining about 40 percent increases the carbon dioxide level of the atmosphere, leading to concern over climate changes.|[0005] The net carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere can be reduced, but not eliminated, by increasing the efficiency of power-producing equipment and by harnessing wind and solar power. Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits. We have been increasing the efficiency of heat engines for over 200 years, and may be approaching the limits of basic thermodynamics. It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large. Moreover, these approaches can only reduce the increase in carbon dioxide concentration, never eliminate the increase. Therefore, these approaches cannot adequately address the concern over the increasing carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere.|[0006] The technology of carbon dioxide sink enhancement is in its infancy. The sequestering of carbon dioxide in geological formations is both beneficial and inexpensive, if the carbon dioxide is relatively concentrated. An example of relatively concentrated carbon dioxide is the off-gas after removal of methane from natural gas containing carbon dioxide. However, there is relatively little carbon dioxide available in such concentrated form. Most carbon dioxide is available in concentrations of from about 10 percent to about 25 percent in exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil fuels. It is quite expensive to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide from about 10 or 25 percent to about 100 percent. The preferable course of action appears to be the use of sunlight and plants to do the concentrating, and subsequently to sequester the resulting plant material in some manner.|[0007] One approach would be to plant trees. However, there is not enough land to plant sufficient trees to zero out the net carbon dioxide production. Even if there were enough land, we would have to find a place to store the resulting wood after about 50 to about 100 years, such that the wood would not rot and release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Thus, this approach would not sequester carbon dioxide for a relatively long period of time.|[0008] The best place to enhance plant growth is in the oceans. Ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is a barren desert with almost no plant life. About sixty percent of the plant life (phytoplankton) in the oceans of the world arises from about only two percent of the surface of the oceans. A reduction in the net flow of carbon dioxide may be achieved, if some of that ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is made as productive as that two percent.|[0009] One method utilizing this approach is disclosed in Jones, I.S.F. et al., "Enhanced Oceanic Uptake of Carbon Dioxide - an AIJ Candidate" Proceedings, Technologies For Activities Implemented Jointly, 1997, pp. 267-272. Jones, I.S.F. et al. teaches providing nutrients to ocean in a prevailing current that sweeps the nutrient to deep water and monitoring carbon dioxide uptake by phytoplankton with satellites.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0010] The problem as set above is solved by a method according to claim 1.|[0011] In particular, a method of sequestering carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: testing an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability; fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide; and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The testing includes a determination of the diffusion coefficient in the surface of the ocean so that an optimum pattern of fertilization can be designed. The fertilizing preferably includes a ship dispersing pelletized, liquid or powder fertilizer in a spiral pattern. The ship starts at the center of the spiral which is marked by a buoy that floats with the current. The method may include the additional step of reporting the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. An area of the surface of an ocean is suitable if both at least one nutrient is missing to a significant extent, and the water is deep. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the metabolism of carbon dioxide is reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. An appropriate amount of a missing nutrient is an amount to raise the concentration of the nutrient at the ocean surface so that the metabolism of carbon dioxide is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of the nutrient. The fertilizing creates a new verdant zone, preferably in the ocean surface above very deep water. The depth of the water is preferable at least about 5,000 feet (about 1524 meters), more preferably at least about 10,000 feet (about 3048 meters), and most preferably at least about 15,000 feet (about 4572 meters). The testing may be carried out by any of a number of methods. The reporting may be carried out in a number of forms. Conventional forms would include printing the report on paper or another substrate, or storing the report in magnetic media or optical media. The report may be in a form required by a governmental authority. Such governmental authority may monitor the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere by a particular person or company. The amount of carbon dioxide released may be a debit on the balance sheet of such person or company. The governmental authority may allow credits on such balance sheet for the amount of carbon dioxide stated in such report as being sequestered.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0012] The testing of an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability for the present method preferably includes a determination of the diffusion coefficient for the surface of the water. This allows for an estimate to be made of the mixing of the fertilizer that will take place over a fixed period of time after the application of the fertilizer. In order to make this estimate, one also needs to know the composition of the fertilizer. In a preferred embodiment, the diffusion coefficient is measured using the same pelletized, liquid or powder fertilizer that will be applied to the surface of the ocean.|[0013] The fertilizing of a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide, preferably includes the application of a pelletized, liquid or powder fertilizer in a spiral pattern to create a patch of fertilizer. Preferably, the size of the patch of fertilizer is such that the center of the patch is not disturbed by the edges of the patch for at least about twenty days after the fertilizer is applied. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the fertilizer in the center of the patch does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about twenty days after the patch is applied, which may define the minimum size of the patch of fertilizer.|[0014] The size of the patch of fertilizer is also affected by other factors. The vessel that applies the fertilizer may be a ship that is capable of a speed of about 15 to about 18 knots. Multiple vessels may be used. In a preferred embodiment, a single ship may apply the patch of fertilizer over a time period of from about 3 to about 4 days. The maximum size of the patch may be affected by the top speed of the vessel, the maximum rate at which the vessel can distribute the fertilizer, and the concentration of the nutrients in the fertilizer. Preferably, a liquid fertilizer is used which may allow the rate at which the fertilizer is pumped into the ocean to be more precisely controlled in relation to the speed of the vessel.|[0015] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a preferred pattern of application of the fertilizer. The center 1 of the spiral may be defined by the placement of a floating buoy. The buoy may be carried by the current. Thus, the latitude and longitude of the center of the spiral may vary as the fertilizer is applied. The vessel may begin applying the fertilizer at the center 1 of the spiral, and continue application of the fertilizer in the spiral pattern as shown by line 8 which ends at point 9. The fertilizer is applied such that the concentration of the fertilizer in the surface of the ocean does not vary by more than about 50% between the arms of the spiral within from about one to about two days after the fertilizer is applied. A radius is shown in broken line connecting the center 1 with points 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 on line 8. The concentration of the fertilizer may be at a maximum at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The concentration of the fertilizer may be at a minimum at the points along the radius which are equidistant from points 1 and 2, equidistant from points 2 and 3, equidistant from points 3 and 4, equidistant from points 4 and 5, equidistant from points 5 and 6, and equidistant from points 6 and 7. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration at each of these equidistant points is no less than about 50% of the concentration of each of points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Within a time period of from about 1 to about 2 days after completion of the application of the patch of fertilizer, the concentration of the fertilizer over the entire surface of the patch may be from about 50% to about 60% of the maximum concentration of the fertilizer at any point in the patch due to the mixing of the fertilizer in the surface of the ocean.|[0016] The spiral application of the fertilizer preferably results in a continuous bloom of phytoplankton across the entire surface of the patch of fertilizer, and does not result in dots of blooms or over fertilization. This may allow for the maximum fixation of carbon within the interior of the bloom. The center of the patch may be regarded as that area which is sufficiently distant from the edge of the patch, so that the variation of the concentration of fertilizer there is due only to the initial concentration and the utilization of the fertilizer by the phytoplankton bloom.|[0017] Sequestration of carbon dioxide by fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of an open ocean has a number of benefits. Substantial amounts of carbon dioxide may be sequestered for substantial periods of time. The present invention may sequester all of the net carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels because about 53 percent of the carbon taken out of the ocean (and from the atmosphere) by the process of the present invention is expected to be sequestered in the deep ocean for about 1,000 to about 2,000 years, as has been measured in the deep, tropical Pacific Ocean. The present invention should not be carried out in a shallow bay or lake because this could produce anoxic conditions.|[0018] The barren ocean may be made verdant by adding the missing nutrients to the ocean surface. This occurs naturally in the upwelling off of Peru where nutrient-rich bottom water comes to the surface and the phytoplankton bloom.|[0019] Whether an area of the surface of an ocean is suitable for sequestering carbon dioxide depends on a number of factors. The depth of the ocean should be sufficient to prevent the development of anoxic conditions after fertilization. The depth of the thermocline, about 50 to 300 ft. (about 15 to 91 meters), is preferably less than the depth of the photic zone, such that the thermocline prevents the fertilizer from reaching a depth below the photic zone. The photic zone extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of from about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters), generally speaking. The photic zone may best be described functionally. It extends from the surface to a depth where sunlight no longer causes an appreciable amount of photosynthesis. However, if the depth of the thermocline is greater than the depth of the photic zone, then the fertilizer may comprise a float material to prevent the fertilizer from sinking to a depth below the photic zone. The amount and nature of the fertilizer depends on the nutrients that are missing from the surface of the ocean. Preferably, iron is the only nutrient that is missing to a significant extent from the area of the ocean to be fertilized. This allows fertilization with a fertilizer that comprises only iron salts, and preferably iron chelates that prevent the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. However, other nutrients may be missing from the surface of the ocean. If nitrogen is missing to a significant extent, then the fertilizer may comprise at least one nutrient which causes a bloom of at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen. The microorganism may be from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton. The surface of the ocean may also be missing phosphate and trace minerals, which may be incorporated into the fertilizer system. If the surface of the ocean is missing both iron and an additional nutrient, then the preferred method may include the separate application of a plurality of fertilizers. The first fertilizer preferably includes iron, and more preferably an iron chelate. The other missing nutrients may be applied in a second fertilizer, or in a plurality of additional fertilizers. It is preferred that each fertilizer release the corresponding nutrient in a form that does not react with any iron chelates in the first fertilizer and that does not precipitate to any substantial extent.|[0020] The amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out a fertilization according to the present invention depends upon a number of factors. The composition, amount and rate of distribution of the fertilizer are all factors. The nutrient content of the water of the ocean is also a factor, not only at the location of the application of the fertilizer, but also all locations to which the fertilized water is subsequently carried by any currents. The temperature, the amount of sunlight and the depth of the thermocline are factors. The nature and number of the organisms in the water that metabolize the fertilizer or that eat the plant materials produced, are also factors.|[0021] The primary missing nutrient is iron in much of the surface of the oceans. In an experiment, iron salts were added to a portion of the surface of the barren tropical Pacific ocean. A bloom of phytoplankton resulted. This plant bloom turned the ocean from deep blue to milky green and drew down the carbon dioxide concentration in the fertilized water. The phytoplankton increased about 27 times versus background in about nine days, as a result of fertilization with iron salts during the first, fourth and eighth days (days zero, three and seven of the experiment). This plant bloom occurred in spite of the relatively low efficiency of the fertilizer that was used (about 95 percent of the iron precipitated out of the photic zone shortly after application).|[0022] A test has been carried out to evaluate the application of fertilizers that comprise both iron and phosphate. The initial fertilization produced a bloom of phytoplankton of about 4.5 to 7 times the initial concentration of such phytoplankton, in just over one day. Adverse weather and ocean conditions after the first day precluded further effective measurements.|[0023] A second test has been carried out to evaluate the application of an iron fertilizer. Iron-containing pellets were dispersed over a nine square mile patch of open ocean. This resulted in an increase of phytoplankton concentration of about five times the background concentration of phytoplankton. The maximum bloom appeared to be about 600 pounds of phytoplankton per pound of fertilizer, by extrapolating over the increasing size of the patch at nearly constant phytoplankton concentration.|[0024] The measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out the fertilization of the present invention may require that some estimates be made. Total dissolved carbon may be removed from the water at the surface of the ocean by three mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; (2) some will be dispersed by currents; and (3) some will be degassed to the atmosphere over the ocean. Numerous organisms may metabolize each nutrient including inorganic nitrogen that is available at the surface of the ocean. These organisms may be removed from that area of the surface of the ocean by two mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; and (2) some are dispersed by the current or swimming. None are removed to the air over the ocean. As these phytoplankton organisms metabolize each fertilizer, they usually uptake both carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Estimates may be made of the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean by assuming that the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean is proportional to the amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean. The amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean can be measured from the draw down of inorganic nitrates and the carbon-nitrogen ratios in the organic materials formed. As the particles of organic carbon sink below the main thermocline, this organic carbon is effectively sequestered in the deep ocean for periods of time approaching the time scale of organic turnover which is from about 1,000 to about 10,000 years.|[0025] The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. Preliminary calculations indicate that for each year, for each eight square miles of deep tropical ocean fertilized, about 17,000 tons of carbon dioxide containing about 4,600 tons of carbon may be converted to biomass and sequestered to the ocean floor. After a substantial period of time such as over about the next 1,000 to 2,000 years, most of this carbon is expected to be oxidized to carbon dioxide and returned to the surface of the ocean in the form of super-saturated ocean upwellings but a part will remain in the deep ocean in the form of calcium carbonate and other carbonaceous materials. Therefore, the present invention may sequester the 40 percent of the carbon dioxide that the U.S. produces by burning fossil fuels each year and that is not taken out by natural sinks, if this continuous fertilization is carried out over 1,100,000 square miles of deep barren ocean surface. The estimated current cost is about $5 per ton of carbon sequestered, when one considers that about 1,000 tons of carbon will be sequestered per ton of fertilizer spread over the surface of the deep barren ocean. This estimated cost is much lower than the estimated cost of alternative approaches primarily because of the use of sunlight to concentrate the carbon dioxide from the ocean surface and the atmosphere into the form of biomass which is then sequestered naturally over long periods of time.|[0026] There are additional consequences of carrying out the method of the present invention. About half the biomass that is created by fertilization according to the present invention will be recycled through zooplankton, fish and marine mammals. If there is continuous fertilization according to the present invention of about 1,100,000 square miles of deep barren ocean, then it is estimated that an additional 70 million tons of catchable fish per year would be produced, or about two-thirds of the current world fish production. This is based on an estimate of 60 tons of catchable fish per square mile per year under continuous fertilization. These estimates may be subject to revision because there are many variables as one moves up the food chain from the phytoplankton. These variables are not particularly well understood or easy to control at this time. However, it is known that where this fertilization occurs naturally, such as off of Peru, the ocean is able to take advantage of the available food and produce a bloom of fish. The amount of catchable fish per year per square mile of barren ocean that is fertilized, may be increased by seeding the ocean with filter-feeder fish. The introduction of these fish will increase the fraction of biological carbon that is recycled to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, and will decrease the fraction that is sequestered to the ocean depths. Therefore, carbon dioxide sequestration is preferably carried out with fertilization pulses of less than thirty days in a particular body of water, to limit the zooplankton and fish growth. The use of fertilization pulses can increase sequestration of carbon dioxide from as little as ten percent of organic carbon formed to as much as eighty percent organic carbon formed. The length of such a fertilization pulse is more preferably less than about twenty days in a particular area. The time period between fertilization pulses in a particular area is preferably in excess of about thirty days, and more preferably in excess of about forty-five days from the end of one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse.|[0027] The environmental effects of carrying out the method of the present invention are expected to be benign, because the same fertilization has been going on naturally in upwellings for millions of years. The main effect of carrying out the method of the present invention is expected to be substantial increases in the food supplies of, and therefore the population of zooplankton and fish in the newly created verdant ecosystems. Preferably, the fertilization according to the present invention will not take place near living coral reefs or in shallow water, so as to avoid any adverse effect thereon. In any event, the environmental effects at the ocean surface of carrying out the present invention will be short term, vanishing within about one month from the cessation of fertilization. If at some time in the future it is decided to carry out such fertilization on a large scale as part of a method of ocean farming, then the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere may indeed be significantly reduced and, therefore, the possible environmental effects of such large scale ocean farming should be carefully monitored as large scale ocean farming is implemented.|[0028] The ocean fertilization of about 1,100,000 square miles (about 3,000,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 2 billion tons (about 1.8 billion metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 700,000 tons (about 644,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer and would sequester the net annual carbon dioxide production of the United States from burning fossil fuels. This is about 2,000 tons (about 1,800 metric tons) per day for 350 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $5,000 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $3.5 billion per year. This cost includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of sequestration, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|[0029] Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on a number of factors.|[0030] A method of sequestering carbon dioxide is disclosed by U.S. Patent Application No. 09/304,063, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Methods of increasing seafood production in the ocean are disclosed by U.S. Patents Nos. 5,433,173, 5,535,701, and 5,967,087, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|[0031] Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | (EP1207743)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION|[0001] The field of the invention is controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This may have a significant effect on global climate change, including global warming.|[0002] The carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has been increasing. This is based on measurements over the last 40 years or more. There is concern that this increase may result in global climate change, which over time may have an adverse effect on weather, sea level and human survival.|[0003] This concern has lead to the 1992 Rio Treaty and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. These call for significant decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels by the industrial world. If these reductions are put into effect, then serious adverse consequences are expected. The economy of the industrialized world could be significantly, adversely affected. This could result in a loss of jobs, decreases in the standard of living, reduction in life span and possible political unrest. Moreover, this would not be a solution because it does not permit or require a reversal of the currently increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|[0004] Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere both by the burning of fossil fuels, and by the recycling of plant materials. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by the photosynthesis of plants on land and in the oceans. This removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere may be referred to as a carbon dioxide sink. It is the net flow (releases minus sinks) that has caused the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide level which is of present concern. Without human intervention, the net flow of carbon dioxide into and out of the atmosphere is roughly zero, with the sources and sinks in rough balance. When fossil fuels are burned, only about 60 percent of the released carbon dioxide is subsequently taken out of the atmosphere by natural sinks. The remaining about 40 percent increases the carbon dioxide level of the atmosphere, leading to concern over climate changes.|[0005] The net carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere can be reduced, but not eliminated, by increasing the efficiency of power-producing equipment and by harnessing wind and solar power. Generally speaking, these approaches are costly and may be reaching their practical limits. We have been increasing the efficiency of heat engines for over 200 years, and may be approaching the limits of basic thermodynamics. It is very costly to harness low intensity power sources such as wind, waves, sunlight and ocean thermal gradients, especially where energy requirements are large. Moreover, these approaches can only reduce the increase in carbon dioxide concentration, never eliminate the increase. Therefore, these approaches cannot adequately address the concern over the increasing carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere.|[0006] The technology of carbon dioxide sink enhancement is in its infancy. The sequestering of carbon dioxide in geological formations is both beneficial and inexpensive, if the carbon dioxide is relatively concentrated. An example of relatively concentrated carbon dioxide is the off-gas after removal of methane from natural gas containing carbon dioxide. However, there is relatively little carbon dioxide available in such concentrated form. Most carbon dioxide is available in concentrations of from about 10 percent to about 25 percent in exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil fuels. It is quite expensive to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide from about 10 or 25 percent to about 100 percent. The preferable course of action appears to be the use of sunlight and plants to do the concentrating, and subsequently to sequester the resulting plant material in some manner.|[0007] One approach would be to plant trees. However, there is not enough land to plant sufficient trees to zero out the net carbon dioxide production. Even if there were enough land, we would have to find a place to store the resulting wood after about 50 to about 100 years, such that the wood would not rot and release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Thus, this approach would not sequester carbon dioxide for a relatively long period of time.|[0008] The best place to enhance plant growth is in the oceans. Ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is a barren desert with almost no plant life. About sixty percent of the plant life (phytoplankton) in the oceans of the world arises from about only two percent of the surface of the oceans. A reduction in the net flow of carbon dioxide may be achieved, if some of that ninety-eight percent of the surface of the ocean is made as productive as that two percent.|[0009] One method utilizing this approach is disclosed in Jones, I.S.F. et al., "Enhanced Oceanic Uptake of Carbon Dioxide - an AIJ Candidate" Proceedings, Technologies For Activities Implemented Jointly, 1997, pp. 267-272. Jones, I.S.F. et al. teaches providing nutrients to ocean in a prevailing current that sweeps the nutrient to deep water and monitoring carbon dioxide uptake by phytoplankton with satellites.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0010] The problem as set above is solved by a method according to claim 1.|[0011] In particular, a method of sequestering carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: testing an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability; fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide; and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The testing includes a determination of the diffusion coefficient in the surface of the ocean so that an optimum pattern of fertilization can be designed. The fertilizing preferably includes a ship dispersing pelletized, liquid or powder fertilizer in a spiral pattern. The ship starts at the center of the spiral which is marked by a buoy that floats with the current. The method may include the additional step of reporting the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. An area of the surface of an ocean is suitable if both at least one nutrient is missing to a significant extent, and the water is deep. A nutrient is missing to a significant extent, if the metabolism of carbon dioxide is reduced to a significant extent by the level of the nutrient in the water. An appropriate amount of a missing nutrient is an amount to raise the concentration of the nutrient at the ocean surface so that the metabolism of carbon dioxide is no longer reduced to a significant extent by the concentration of the nutrient. The fertilizing creates a new verdant zone, preferably in the ocean surface above very deep water. The depth of the water is preferable at least about 5,000 feet (about 1524 meters), more preferably at least about 10,000 feet (about 3048 meters), and most preferably at least about 15,000 feet (about 4572 meters). The testing may be carried out by any of a number of methods. The reporting may be carried out in a number of forms. Conventional forms would include printing the report on paper or another substrate, or storing the report in magnetic media or optical media. The report may be in a form required by a governmental authority. Such governmental authority may monitor the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere by a particular person or company. The amount of carbon dioxide released may be a debit on the balance sheet of such person or company. The governmental authority may allow credits on such balance sheet for the amount of carbon dioxide stated in such report as being sequestered.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION|[0012] The testing of an area of the surface of an ocean for suitability for the present method preferably includes a determination of the diffusion coefficient for the surface of the water. This allows for an estimate to be made of the mixing of the fertilizer that will take place over a fixed period of time after the application of the fertilizer. In order to make this estimate, one also needs to know the composition of the fertilizer. In a preferred embodiment, the diffusion coefficient is measured using the same pelletized, liquid or powder fertilizer that will be applied to the surface of the ocean.|[0013] The fertilizing of a suitable area of the surface of the ocean to increase plant life and sequester carbon dioxide, preferably includes the application of a pelletized, liquid or powder fertilizer in a spiral pattern to create a patch of fertilizer. Preferably, the size of the patch of fertilizer is such that the center of the patch is not disturbed by the edges of the patch for at least about twenty days after the fertilizer is applied. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the fertilizer in the center of the patch does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about twenty days after the patch is applied, which may define the minimum size of the patch of fertilizer.|[0014] The size of the patch of fertilizer is also affected by other factors. The vessel that applies the fertilizer may be a ship that is capable of a speed of about 15 to about 18 knots. Multiple vessels may be used. In a preferred embodiment, a single ship may apply the patch of fertilizer over a time period of from about 3 to about 4 days. The maximum size of the patch may be affected by the top speed of the vessel, the maximum rate at which the vessel can distribute the fertilizer, and the concentration of the nutrients in the fertilizer. Preferably, a liquid fertilizer is used which may allow the rate at which the fertilizer is pumped into the ocean to be more precisely controlled in relation to the speed of the vessel.|[0015] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a preferred pattern of application of the fertilizer. The center 1 of the spiral may be defined by the placement of a floating buoy. The buoy may be carried by the current. Thus, the latitude and longitude of the center of the spiral may vary as the fertilizer is applied. The vessel may begin applying the fertilizer at the center 1 of the spiral, and continue application of the fertilizer in the spiral pattern as shown by line 8 which ends at point 9. The fertilizer is applied such that the concentration of the fertilizer in the surface of the ocean does not vary by more than about 50% between the arms of the spiral within from about one to about two days after the fertilizer is applied. A radius is shown in broken line connecting the center 1 with points 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 on line 8. The concentration of the fertilizer may be at a maximum at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The concentration of the fertilizer may be at a minimum at the points along the radius which are equidistant from points 1 and 2, equidistant from points 2 and 3, equidistant from points 3 and 4, equidistant from points 4 and 5, equidistant from points 5 and 6, and equidistant from points 6 and 7. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration at each of these equidistant points is no less than about 50% of the concentration of each of points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Within a time period of from about 1 to about 2 days after completion of the application of the patch of fertilizer, the concentration of the fertilizer over the entire surface of the patch may be from about 50% to about 60% of the maximum concentration of the fertilizer at any point in the patch due to the mixing of the fertilizer in the surface of the ocean.|[0016] The spiral application of the fertilizer preferably results in a continuous bloom of phytoplankton across the entire surface of the patch of fertilizer, and does not result in dots of blooms or over fertilization. This may allow for the maximum fixation of carbon within the interior of the bloom. The center of the patch may be regarded as that area which is sufficiently distant from the edge of the patch, so that the variation of the concentration of fertilizer there is due only to the initial concentration and the utilization of the fertilizer by the phytoplankton bloom.|[0017] Sequestration of carbon dioxide by fertilizing a suitable area of the surface of an open ocean has a number of benefits. Substantial amounts of carbon dioxide may be sequestered for substantial periods of time. The present invention may sequester all of the net carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels because about 53 percent of the carbon taken out of the ocean (and from the atmosphere) by the process of the present invention is expected to be sequestered in the deep ocean for about 1,000 to about 2,000 years, as has been measured in the deep, tropical Pacific Ocean. The present invention should not be carried out in a shallow bay or lake because this could produce anoxic conditions.|[0018] The barren ocean may be made verdant by adding the missing nutrients to the ocean surface. This occurs naturally in the upwelling off of Peru where nutrient-rich bottom water comes to the surface and the phytoplankton bloom.|[0019] Whether an area of the surface of an ocean is suitable for sequestering carbon dioxide depends on a number of factors. The depth of the ocean should be sufficient to prevent the development of anoxic conditions after fertilization. The depth of the thermocline, about 50 to 300 ft. (about 15 to 91 meters), is preferably less than the depth of the photic zone, such that the thermocline prevents the fertilizer from reaching a depth below the photic zone. The photic zone extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of from about 150 to 300 feet (about 46 to 91 meters), generally speaking. The photic zone may best be described functionally. It extends from the surface to a depth where sunlight no longer causes an appreciable amount of photosynthesis. However, if the depth of the thermocline is greater than the depth of the photic zone, then the fertilizer may comprise a float material to prevent the fertilizer from sinking to a depth below the photic zone. The amount and nature of the fertilizer depends on the nutrients that are missing from the surface of the ocean. Preferably, iron is the only nutrient that is missing to a significant extent from the area of the ocean to be fertilized. This allows fertilization with a fertilizer that comprises only iron salts, and preferably iron chelates that prevent the iron from precipitating to any significant extent. The preferred chelates include lignin, and particularly lignin acid sulfonate. However, other nutrients may be missing from the surface of the ocean. If nitrogen is missing to a significant extent, then the fertilizer may comprise at least one nutrient which causes a bloom of at least one microorganism that fixes nitrogen. The microorganism may be from the group consisting of blue green algae and phytoplankton. The surface of the ocean may also be missing phosphate and trace minerals, which may be incorporated into the fertilizer system. If the surface of the ocean is missing both iron and an additional nutrient, then the preferred method may include the separate application of a plurality of fertilizers. The first fertilizer preferably includes iron, and more preferably an iron chelate. The other missing nutrients may be applied in a second fertilizer, or in a plurality of additional fertilizers. It is preferred that each fertilizer release the corresponding nutrient in a form that does not react with any iron chelates in the first fertilizer and that does not precipitate to any substantial extent.|[0020] The amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out a fertilization according to the present invention depends upon a number of factors. The composition, amount and rate of distribution of the fertilizer are all factors. The nutrient content of the water of the ocean is also a factor, not only at the location of the application of the fertilizer, but also all locations to which the fertilized water is subsequently carried by any currents. The temperature, the amount of sunlight and the depth of the thermocline are factors. The nature and number of the organisms in the water that metabolize the fertilizer or that eat the plant materials produced, are also factors.|[0021] The primary missing nutrient is iron in much of the surface of the oceans. In an experiment, iron salts were added to a portion of the surface of the barren tropical Pacific ocean. A bloom of phytoplankton resulted. This plant bloom turned the ocean from deep blue to milky green and drew down the carbon dioxide concentration in the fertilized water. The phytoplankton increased about 27 times versus background in about nine days, as a result of fertilization with iron salts during the first, fourth and eighth days (days zero, three and seven of the experiment). This plant bloom occurred in spite of the relatively low efficiency of the fertilizer that was used (about 95 percent of the iron precipitated out of the photic zone shortly after application).|[0022] A test has been carried out to evaluate the application of fertilizers that comprise both iron and phosphate. The initial fertilization produced a bloom of phytoplankton of about 4.5 to 7 times the initial concentration of such phytoplankton, in just over one day. Adverse weather and ocean conditions after the first day precluded further effective measurements.|[0023] A second test has been carried out to evaluate the application of an iron fertilizer. Iron-containing pellets were dispersed over a nine square mile patch of open ocean. This resulted in an increase of phytoplankton concentration of about five times the background concentration of phytoplankton. The maximum bloom appeared to be about 600 pounds of phytoplankton per pound of fertilizer, by extrapolating over the increasing size of the patch at nearly constant phytoplankton concentration.|[0024] The measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that is sequestered by carrying out the fertilization of the present invention may require that some estimates be made. Total dissolved carbon may be removed from the water at the surface of the ocean by three mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; (2) some will be dispersed by currents; and (3) some will be degassed to the atmosphere over the ocean. Numerous organisms may metabolize each nutrient including inorganic nitrogen that is available at the surface of the ocean. These organisms may be removed from that area of the surface of the ocean by two mechanisms: (1) some will go to the bottom of the ocean as sinking organic particles; and (2) some are dispersed by the current or swimming. None are removed to the air over the ocean. As these phytoplankton organisms metabolize each fertilizer, they usually uptake both carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Estimates may be made of the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean by assuming that the amount of organic carbon that sinks to the bottom of the ocean is proportional to the amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean. The amount of organic nitrogen that sinks to the bottom of the ocean can be measured from the draw down of inorganic nitrates and the carbon-nitrogen ratios in the organic materials formed. As the particles of organic carbon sink below the main thermocline, this organic carbon is effectively sequestered in the deep ocean for periods of time approaching the time scale of organic turnover which is from about 1,000 to about 10,000 years.|[0025] The present invention allows for the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. Preliminary calculations indicate that for each year, for each eight square miles of deep tropical ocean fertilized, about 17,000 tons of carbon dioxide containing about 4,600 tons of carbon may be converted to biomass and sequestered to the ocean floor. After a substantial period of time such as over about the next 1,000 to 2,000 years, most of this carbon is expected to be oxidized to carbon dioxide and returned to the surface of the ocean in the form of super-saturated ocean upwellings but a part will remain in the deep ocean in the form of calcium carbonate and other carbonaceous materials. Therefore, the present invention may sequester the 40 percent of the carbon dioxide that the U.S. produces by burning fossil fuels each year and that is not taken out by natural sinks, if this continuous fertilization is carried out over 1,100,000 square miles of deep barren ocean surface. The estimated current cost is about $5 per ton of carbon sequestered, when one considers that about 1,000 tons of carbon will be sequestered per ton of fertilizer spread over the surface of the deep barren ocean. This estimated cost is much lower than the estimated cost of alternative approaches primarily because of the use of sunlight to concentrate the carbon dioxide from the ocean surface and the atmosphere into the form of biomass which is then sequestered naturally over long periods of time.|[0026] There are additional consequences of carrying out the method of the present invention. About half the biomass that is created by fertilization according to the present invention will be recycled through zooplankton, fish and marine mammals. If there is continuous fertilization according to the present invention of about 1,100,000 square miles of deep barren ocean, then it is estimated that an additional 70 million tons of catchable fish per year would be produced, or about two-thirds of the current world fish production. This is based on an estimate of 60 tons of catchable fish per square mile per year under continuous fertilization. These estimates may be subject to revision because there are many variables as one moves up the food chain from the phytoplankton. These variables are not particularly well understood or easy to control at this time. However, it is known that where this fertilization occurs naturally, such as off of Peru, the ocean is able to take advantage of the available food and produce a bloom of fish. The amount of catchable fish per year per square mile of barren ocean that is fertilized, may be increased by seeding the ocean with filter-feeder fish. The introduction of these fish will increase the fraction of biological carbon that is recycled to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, and will decrease the fraction that is sequestered to the ocean depths. Therefore, carbon dioxide sequestration is preferably carried out with fertilization pulses of less than thirty days in a particular body of water, to limit the zooplankton and fish growth. The use of fertilization pulses can increase sequestration of carbon dioxide from as little as ten percent of organic carbon formed to as much as eighty percent organic carbon formed. The length of such a fertilization pulse is more preferably less than about twenty days in a particular area. The time period between fertilization pulses in a particular area is preferably in excess of about thirty days, and more preferably in excess of about forty-five days from the end of one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse.|[0027] The environmental effects of carrying out the method of the present invention are expected to be benign, because the same fertilization has been going on naturally in upwellings for millions of years. The main effect of carrying out the method of the present invention is expected to be substantial increases in the food supplies of, and therefore the population of zooplankton and fish in the newly created verdant ecosystems. Preferably, the fertilization according to the present invention will not take place near living coral reefs or in shallow water, so as to avoid any adverse effect thereon. In any event, the environmental effects at the ocean surface of carrying out the present invention will be short term, vanishing within about one month from the cessation of fertilization. If at some time in the future it is decided to carry out such fertilization on a large scale as part of a method of ocean farming, then the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere may indeed be significantly reduced and, therefore, the possible environmental effects of such large scale ocean farming should be carefully monitored as large scale ocean farming is implemented.|[0028] The ocean fertilization of about 1,100,000 square miles (about 3,000,000 square kilometers) at a rate of removing about 2 billion tons (about 1.8 billion metric tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2) would initially require about 700,000 tons (about 644,000 metric tons) per year of fertilizer and would sequester the net annual carbon dioxide production of the United States from burning fossil fuels. This is about 2,000 tons (about 1,800 metric tons) per day for 350 days per year. If the fertilizer applied to the ocean costs about $5,000 per ton (about 0.9 metric ton), then the cost is about $3.5 billion per year. This cost includes the cost of monitoring, testing and reporting, so as to optimize the method of sequestration, including the optimization of the composition of the fertilizer, the application rate and the location of application.|[0029] Thus, the present method allows for variation, including variation in the composition of the fertilizer, as well as the location and nature of the application of fertilizer, depending on a number of factors.|[0030] A method of sequestering carbon dioxide is disclosed by U.S. Patent Application No. 09/304,063, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Methods of increasing seafood production in the ocean are disclosed by U.S. Patents Nos. 5,433,173, 5,535,701, and 5,967,087, which are hereby incorporated by reference.|[0031] Variations of the invention may be envisioned by those skilled in the art and the invention is to be limited solely by the claims appended hereto. | Family Number|(881798)|881798|Abstract|(ATE397383 T1)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.|(AU-761848 B2)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.|(DE60039116 D1)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.|(EP1207743 B1)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.|(EP1913809 A3)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.|(ES2307510 T3)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.|(JP2003523275 A)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.(From EP1913809 A2)|(NZ-515563 A)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide in a deep ocean comprises: (1) testing an area of the surface of the ocean in order to confirm that at least a first nutrient is missing to a significant extent from the area and to identify the first missing nutrient; (2) applying a first fertilizer which comprises an iron chelate to fertilize the area with an appropriate amount of iron chelate whereby carbon dioxide is sequestered; and (3) measuring the amount of sequestered carbon dioxide that results from the fertilization of the area. Preferably the fertilizer is applied in pulses to limit zooplankton and fish growth or in a spiral pattern and the iron chelate is selected from lignin or lignin acid sulfonate.|(WO200065902 A1)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50 % within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5 % during a time priod of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate.|Title|(NZ-515563 A)|Sequestering carbon dioxide in deep open ocean by applying fertilizer comprising an iron chelator| | Chemical engineering|Environmental technology|Other special machines | A01G-015/00|A01G-033/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/20|Y02A-040/81|Y02P-060/20|Y02P-060/60 | A01G-015/00|A01G-033/00|A01K-061/00|A01K-061/10|A01K-061/20|Y02A-040/81|Y02P-060/20|Y02P-060/60 | A01G-015/00|A01G-031/00|A01K-061/00|B01J-019/00|C02F-003/00 | A01C-021/00|A01G-015/00|A01G-031/00|A01K-061/00|B01J-019/00|C02F-003/00|C05D-009/00 | WO201029285;WO201029285|WO200919529|WO2008124883|EP2176657;EP2176657;EP2176657|WO200921269|CN109413996|JP2025533660|WO202475126|US20230200360|US11330775|AU2008286680;AU2008286680|US8728755|AU2008238614;AU2008238614|JP2009502486|JP2006069866 | WO201029285 17900126 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO200919529 19314046 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO2008124883 1796402 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X CAT=Y|EP2176657 1824212 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|WO200921269 1824212 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|CN109413996 78061798 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|JP2025533660 109305214 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO202475126 109305214 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US20230200360 105400110 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US11330775 78061798 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|AU2008286680 1824212 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8728755 1824212 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|AU2008238614 1796402 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2009502486 62127156 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|JP2006069866 32350908 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | WO9826653|WO9826653|US5992089|US5992089|US9304063|US9304063|WO9826653|US5967087|US5967087|US5967087|US5535701|US5535701|US5433173|US5433173|US5433172|US5433172 | WO9826653 54859170 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO9826653 54859170 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|US5992089 66804222 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X CAT=P CAT=A|US5992089 66804222 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A CAT=P|US9304063 45791651 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US9304063 45791651 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|WO9826653 54859170 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US5967087 54859170 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5967087 54859170 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5967087 54859170 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5535701 1220367 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5535701 1220367 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5433173 1220367 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5433173 1220367 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5433172 456831 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US5433172 456831 WHO=Applicant SELF=N | WO9826653; XP002929161; XP002929160; XP002929159; US5433172; US5535701; US5967087; US9304063|WO9826653; XP002929159; XP002929161; XP002929160; US5992089; US5433172; US5535701; US5967087; US9304063; US5433173||XP002929161; XP002929159; XP002929160; US5992089; US5433173; US5535T01; US5967087|||WO98026653|WO9826653| | (EP1207743)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-See also references of WO 0065902A1|-JONES I S F ET AL: "ENHANCED OCEANIC UPTAKE OF CARBON DIOXIDE - AN AIJ CANDIDATE", PROCEEDINGS, TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY, 1997, pages 267 - 272, XP002929159|-JONES I S F ET AL: "PHOTOSYNTHETIC GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION BY OCEAN NOURISHMENT", ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, OXFORD, GB, vol. 38, no. SUPPL, 1997, pages 367 - 372, XP002929161, ISSN: 0196-8904|-JONES I S F: "ENHANCED CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE BY THE WORLD'S OCEANS", ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, OXFORD, GB, vol. 37, no. 6 - 8, 1996, pages 1049 - 1052, XP002929160, ISSN: 0196-8904|-Jones, I.S.F. et al., "Enhanced Oceanic Uptake of Carbon Dioxide - an AIJ Candidate" Proceedings, Technologies For Activities Implemented Jointly, 1997, pp. 267-272||(EP1913809)|Search Report references [Examiner]|-JONES I S F ET AL: "PHOTOSYNTHETIC GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION BY OCEAN NOURISHMENT", ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, OXFORD, GB, vol. 38, no. SUPPL, 1997, pages 367 - 372, XP002929161, ISSN: 0196-8904|-JONES I S F ET AL: "ENHANCED OCEANIC UPTAKE OF CARBON DIOXIDE - AN AIJ CANDIDATE", PROCEEDINGS, TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY, 1997, pages 267 - 272, XP002929159|-JONES I S F: "ENHANCED CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE BY THE WORLD'S OCEANS", ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, OXFORD, GB, vol. 37, no. 6 - 8, 1996, pages 1049 - 1052, XP002929160, ISSN: 0196-8904||(WO00/65902)|International Search Report [Examiner]|-JONES ET AL.: "Photosynthetic greenhouse gas mitigation by ocean nourishment", ENERGY CONVERS. MANAGE. (SUPPLE., PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL), vol. 38, 1996, pages S367 - S372, XP002929161|-JONES: "enhanced carbon dioxide uptake by the world's oceans", ENERGY CONVERS. MANAGE., vol. 37, no. 6-8, 1996, pages 1049 - 1052, XP002929160|-JONES ET AL.: "Enhanced oceanic uptake of carbon dioxide - AIJ candidate greenhouse gas mitigation", PROC. TECHNOL. ACT. IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY, 1997, pages 267 - 272, XP002929159||||||| | REVOKED | (EP1207743)|EXPIRED|(EP1913809)|LAPSED|(WO00/65902)|LAPSED|(DE60039116)|LAPSED|(JP2003523275)|REVOKED|(ES2307510)|LAPSED|(ATE397383)|LAPSED|(AU761848)|EXPIRED|(NZ515563)|EXPIRED | DEAD | (EP1207743)|DEAD|(EP1913809)|DEAD|(WO00/65902)|DEAD|(DE60039116)|DEAD|(JP2003523275)|DEAD|(ES2307510)|DEAD|(ATE397383)|DEAD|(AU761848)|DEAD|(NZ515563)|DEAD | (EP1207743)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP1207743|Actual or expected expiration date=2020-04-27|Legal state=DEAD|Status=EXPIRED|Event publication date=2000-04-27|Event code=EP/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=EP EP00930107|Application date=2000-04-27|Standardized application number=2000EP-0930107|Event publication date=2002-04-12|Event code=EP/PUAI|Event group=Administrative notifications|PUBLIC REFERENCE MADE UNDER ARTICLE 153(3) EPC TO A PUBLISHED INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION THAT HAS ENTERED THE EUROPEAN PHASE|Publication 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DETAILS FOR ATE397383|Actual or expected expiration date=2008-12-15|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2000-04-27|Event code=AT/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=AT AT00930107|Application date=2000-04-27|Standardized application number=2000AT-0930107T|Event publication date=2008-06-15|Event code=AT/T1|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Translation of an European patent specification|Publication country=AT|Publication number=ATE397383|Publication stage code=T1|Publication date=2008-06-15|Standardized publication number=ATE397383|Event publication date=2008-12-15|Event code=AT/RER|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties|Erloschen gem. par. 5 abs. 3 patveg.|(AU761848)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR AU761848|Actual or expected expiration date=2020-04-27|Legal state=DEAD|Status=EXPIRED|Event publication date=2000-04-27|Event code=AU/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=AU AU4798600|Application date=2000-04-27|Standardized application number=2000AU-0047986|Event publication date=2000-11-17|Event code=AU/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Open to public inspection|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU4798600|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2000-11-17|Standardized publication number=AU200047986|Event publication date=2001-12-20|Event code=AU/PC1|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment before grant (sect. 113)|The former owner was: MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|OWNER:GREENSEA VENTURE, INC.|Event publication date=2003-06-12|Event code=AU/B2|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patent proceeded by OPI|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU761848|Publication stage code=B2|Publication date=2003-06-12|Standardized publication number=AU-761848|Event publication date=2003-10-09|Event code=AU/FGA|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|Event publication date=2020-04-27|Event code=AU/EEDX|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent has expired|(NZ515563)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR NZ515563|Actual or expected expiration date=2020-04-27|Legal state=DEAD|Status=EXPIRED|Event publication date=2000-04-27|Event code=NZ/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=NZ NZ51556300|Application date=2000-04-27|Standardized application number=2000NZ-0515563|Event publication date=2004-04-30|Event code=NZ/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=NZ|Publication number=NZ515563|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2004-04-30|Standardized publication number=NZ-515563|Event publication date=2004-08-27|Event code=NZ/PSEA|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Patent sealed|Event publication date=2005-01-28|Event code=NZ/RENW|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Renewal (renewal fees accepted)|Event publication date=2007-04-27|Event code=NZ/RENW|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Renewal (renewal fees accepted)|Event publication date=2020-04-27|Event code=NZ/EEDX|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Patent has expired | (EP1207743)|Contracting States: DE, BE, FI, PT, CH, DK, LU, GR, IT, FR, ES, SE, AT, CY, MC, GB, IE, LI, NL|(EP1913809)|Contracting States: DE, BE, FI, PT, CH, DK, LU, GR, IT, FR, ES, SE, AT, CY, MC, GB, IE, LI, NL|(WO00/65902)|ARIPO: GH, SD, UG, GM, TZ, LS, SZ, SL, KE, MW, ZW|(WO00/65902)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO00/65902)|EPO: DE, BE, FI, PT, CH, DK, LU, GR, IT, FR, ES, SE, AT, CY, MC, GB, IE, NL|(WO00/65902)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO00/65902)|National States: TT, DE, PT, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, HR, LV, UA, HU, UG, MA, DZ, MD, MG, ID, YU, MK, EE, MN, IL, AE, IN, UZ, AG, ZA, IS, MW, AL, MX, AM, ES, AT, AU, VN, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, NO, FI, RU, BG, JP, NZ, BR, SD, SE, SG, SI, BY, SK, SL, KE, GB, KG, GD, CA, GE, GH, CH, KP, GM, KR, CN, CR, KZ, CU, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, PL, TR, LK | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=EE0uJfhWMUj9gMxuKYCb5GkyFX8ClgOuNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=EP1913809&ekey=964&xpn=EP1207743&kind=B1 | https://register.epo.org/application?number=EP00930107 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=HdoJx9CPkGKeccOAsqvWAnfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO00/65902)|US | (WO00/65902)|NAME=MARKELS, Michael, Jr. [US / US] Versar, Inc. 6850 Versar Center P.O. Box 1549 Springfield, VA 22151 , COUNTRY=US | (EP1207743)|SE|(EP1207743)|SE|(EP1207743)|SE|(EP1913809)|SE|(EP1913809)|SE|(WO00/65902)|US | (EP1207743)|NAME=Petri, Stellan;Ström & Gulliksson AB P.O. Box 4188 , CITY=203 13 Malmö , COUNTRY=SE , REG=00023987|(EP1207743)|NAME=Petri, Stellan;Ström & Gulliksson AB P.O. Box 4188 , CITY=203 13 Malmö , COUNTRY=SE , REG=00023987|(EP1207743)|NAME=Petri, Stellan Ström & Gulliksson ABBox 41 88 , CITY=203 13 Malmö , COUNTRY=SE , REG=00023987|(EP1913809)|NAME=Karlsson, Leif Gunnar Börje;Ström & Gulliksson AB P.O. Box 4188 , CITY=203 13 Malmö , COUNTRY=SE , REG=00089411|(EP1913809)|NAME=Karlsson, Leif Gunnar Börje;Ström & Gulliksson AB P.O. Box 4188 , CITY=203 13 Malmö , COUNTRY=SE , REG=00089411|(WO00/65902)|NAME=MOORE, Thomas, J. etc. Bacon & Thomas, PLLC 625 Slaters Lane 4th floor Alexandria, VA 22314 , COUNTRY=US | (EP1207743)|US|(EP1207743)|US|(EP1207743)|US|(EP1913809)|US|(EP1913809)|US|(WO00/65902)|US|||||| | (EP1207743)|NAME=Markels, Michael, Jr. 3121 NW 31st Avenue, CITY=Camas, WA 98607-7370, COUNTRY=US|(EP1207743)|NAME=Markels, Michael Jr. Versar, Inc., 6850 Versar Center, P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, VA 22151, COUNTRY=US|(EP1207743)|NAME=Markels, Michael Jr. Versar, Inc.,6850 Versar Center,P.O. Box 1549, CITY=Springfield, VA 22151, COUNTRY=US|(EP1913809)|NAME=Markels Jr, Michael, CITY=Mason Neck, VA, COUNTRY=US|(EP1913809)|NAME=Markels Jr, Michael, CITY=Mason Neck, VA, COUNTRY=US|(WO00/65902)|NAME=MARKELS, Michael, Jr. [US / US] Versar, Inc. 6850 Versar Center P.O. Box 1549 Springfield, VA 22151, COUNTRY=US|(DE60039116)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL JR.|(ES2307510)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL, JR.|(ATE397383)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL|(AU761848)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(AU4798600)|NAME=MICHAEL MARKELS JR.|(NZ515563)|NAME=MARKELS, MICHAEL | Titre: (EP1207743)|Method of sequestering carbon dioxide Résumé: (EP1207743)|A method of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an ocean comprising testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area a first fertilizer that comprises a missing nutrient, and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered. The application of the first fertilizer is preferably in a spiral pattern which results in a patch of fertilizer. The concentration of the fertilizer preferably does not vary by more than about 50% within about two days of the local application. The concentration of the fertilizer at the center of the patch preferably does not decrease through diffusion by more than about 5% during a time period of about 20 days after the application of the patch of fertilizer. The method may further comprise applying additional fertilizers, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered. The method preferably limits zooplankton and fish growth by applying each fertilizer in pulses. Each fertilizer releases each nutrient over time in the photic zone and in a form that does not precipitate. | 73.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | yes | The article describes a method for sequestering CO₂ in the ocean through the application of fertilizers to stimulate nutrient enrichment, which aligns with the principles of ocean iron fertilization and the biological carbon pump. | 5.0 | 9.0 | (WO00/65902)|4|(EP1207743)|1|||(JP2003523275)|4|(AU761848)|4 | (WO00/65902)|16|(EP1207743)|7|||(JP2003523275)|16|(AU761848)|16 | (EP1207743)|8|||(EP1913809)|10|(WO00/65902)|20|(JP2003523275)|20|(AU761848)|20|(NZ515563)|39 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 8.0 | (WO00/65902)|1|(EP1207743)|1|||(JP2003523275)|1|(AU761848)|1 | 4.0 | 9.0 | (EP1207743)|WO00/65902|(EP1913809)|WO00/65902|(DE60039116)|WO00/65902|(JP2003523275)|WO00/65902|(AU761848)|WO00/65902|(NZ515563)|WO00/65902 | (EP1913809)|EP00930107|(DE60039116)|EP00930107|(ES2307510)|EP00930107 | (EP1207743)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Primary examiner: Bordeux, Jérôme||Primary examiner: Bordeux, Jérôme||Primary examiner: Bordeux, Jérôme||(EP1913809)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|This application was filed on 17-09-2007 as a divisional application to the application mentioned under INID code 62.||(WO00/65902)|Number of Claims: NCL=20|Extended kind: EXTK=100000||(JP2003523275)|Number of Claims: NCL=20||(AU761848)|Number of Claims: NCL=20||(NZ515563)|Number of Claims: NCL=39| | (EP1207743)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (ES2307510)|Patent|(EP1913809)|Patent|(DE60039116)|Patent|(ATE397383)|Patent|(EP1207743)|Patent|(EP1913809)|Patent|(EP1207743)|Patent|(NZ-515563)|Patent|(JP2003523275)|Patent|(AU-761848)|Patent|(EP1207743)|Patent|(AU200047986)|Patent|(WO200065902)|Patent | |||||||||||||||
| 80 | CN202510404337 | CN202510404337 | CN120189800 | 115008796 | CN120189800 A 2025-06-24 [CN120189800] | 2025-04-01 | 2025-04-01 | 2025-06-24 | (CN120189800)|2045-04-01 | (CN120189800)|Seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device | (CN120189800)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, and discloses a seawater type carbon trapping and sequestration device which comprises a trapping box arranged on an offshore platform, an upper funnel is arranged in the trapping box, and the trapping box is provided with a water collecting cavity and a water outlet hole; the washing area surrounds the periphery of the upper funnel and is provided with a filler layer; the bottom of the washing area is provided with an air inlet pipe, the top of the washing area is provided with an exhaust pipe, and the bottom of the washing area is provided with a drainage pipe; combustion flue gas enters the washing area through the gas inlet pipe and passes through the packing layer, and external seawater enters the water collecting cavity through the water inlet pipe and enters the washing area and the packing layer through the water outlet holes. External seawater and combustion flue gas are mixed in the washing area in an up-and-down hedging mode, the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburized flue gas which is discharged outwards through the exhaust pipe, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in the box, and the seawater is discharged into the sea through the drainage pipe, so that the contact area and time of the seawater and the combustion flue gas are increased; therefore, the carbon capture efficiency is improved. | INSTITUTE OF ROCK & SOIL MECHANICE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES|PKU HKUST SHENZHEN HONGKONG INSTITUTION|SHENZHEN GONGKAN GEOTECHNICAL | (CN120189800)|SHENZHEN GONGKAN GEOTECHNICAL GROUP CO. LTD. ([CN])|PKU-HKUST SHENZHEN-HONGKONG INSTITUTION|INSTITUTE OF ROCK & SOIL MECHANICE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | LEI BIN|TONG XIN|LI XIAYING|WU DI|LI HONGBO|SHENG LIYUAN|LI BIN|DU ZICHUN | (CN120189800)|LEI BIN|TONG XIN|LI XIAYING|WU DI|LI HONGBO|SHENG LIYUAN|LI BIN|DU ZICHUN | (CN120189800)|ZHOU TING;SHENZHEN INPRE PATENT AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 44356|JIANG WENXIN;SHENZHEN INPRE PATENT AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 44356 | (CN120189800)|Through setting up inside section 208, not only can increase the initial kinetic energy of sea water, make it form more even divergent rivers when getting into washing region 102, can also improve the mixing effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, solve the lower problem of carbon entrapment efficiency because of rivers uneven distribution leads to.|In the prior art, the traditional carbon capturing and sealing device is generally large in size, complex in structure and difficult to arrange in an environment with limited offshore platform space, a large amount of chemical reagents are needed, the construction and operation costs are high, and the carbon capturing efficiency is difficult to further improve due to the fact that the carbon capturing relies on chemical absorbents or adsorbents, and the problems of limited adsorption capacity, difficult regeneration and the like of the materials in practical application exist.| | (CN120189800)|1. The seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device is characterized by comprising a capturing box arranged on an offshore platform, wherein an upper funnel with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in the capturing box, a water collecting cavity for injecting external seawater is arranged in the upper funnel, the bottom of the water collecting cavity is closed, and the periphery of the upper funnel is provided with a plurality of water outlet holes; The top of the water collecting cavity is connected with a water inlet pipe for injecting external seawater into the water collecting cavity, and the bottom of the washing area is connected with an air inlet pipe for injecting combustion flue gas into the washing area; The combustion flue gas enters the washing area through an air inlet pipe, passes through a plurality of packing layers from bottom to top, enters the water collecting cavity through an inlet pipe, divergently enters the washing area through a plurality of water outlet holes, and passes through a plurality of packing layers from top to bottom; The external seawater and the combustion flue gas are in up-down opposite flushing mixing in the washing area, the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburization flue gas, the decarburization flue gas is discharged outwards through an exhaust pipe, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in a tank, and the seawater in the tank is discharged into the sea through a drain pipe. | | (CN120189800)|The invention aims to provide a seawater type carbon trapping and sealing device, and aims to solve the problem of low carbon trapping efficiency in the prior art.The invention discloses a seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device, which is realized by the method, and comprises a capturing box arranged on an offshore platform, wherein an upper funnel with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in the capturing box, a water collecting cavity for injecting external seawater is arranged in the upper funnel, the bottom of the water collecting cavity is closed, a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the periphery of the upper funnel, a washing area is arranged in the capturing box and surrounds the periphery of the upper funnel, a plurality of packing layers are arranged in the washing area at intervals up and down along the washing area, and packing gaps are formed in the packing layers;|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration and sealing devices, and discloses a seawater type carbon capture and sealing device which comprises a capture box arranged on an offshore platform, wherein the capture box comprises a capture box arranged on the offshore platform, an upper funnel is arranged in the box and is provided with a water collecting cavity and a water outlet hole, a washing area surrounds the periphery of the upper funnel and is provided with a filler layer, a water inlet pipe is arranged at the top of the water collecting cavity, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the bottom of the washing area, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of the washing area, combustion flue gas enters the washing area through the air inlet pipe, enters the water collecting cavity through the filler layer, enters the washing area and the filler layer through the water outlet hole, external seawater and combustion flue gas are vertically offset and mixed in the washing area, decarburization flue gas is formed by the external seawater, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide and then forms seawater in the box and is discharged into the sea through the drain pipe, and the contact area and the time of the seawater and the combustion flue gas are increased, and the efficiency of carbon capture is improved.|The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration, in particular to a seawater type carbon capture and sequestration device.| | (CN120189800)|SEAWATER(100,61)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON(100,6)|CARBON(100,5)|SEAWATER INJECTION(100,4)|CAPTURING BOX(91,5)|WATER COLLECTION CAVITY(78,25)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(61,24)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(61,7)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(61,2)|WASHING AREA(59,37)|CAPTURE BOX(59,2)|DECARBURIZATION FLUE GAS(57,7)|UPPER FUNNEL(53,17)|DIVERGENT RIVER(51,1)|RIVER UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION(50,1)|FILLER LAYER(46,8)|PACKING LAYER(44,17)|WATER OUTLET(42,11)|OFFSHORE PLATFORM(41,11)|FLEXIBLE AIR BAG(35,10)|COMBUSTION INJECTION(35,3)|FLUE GAS(33,38)|UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION(33,1)|ELASTIC COLUMN(31,9)|PACKAGING(31,1)|DRAIN PIPE(30,15)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS INJECTION(30,3)|SEAWATER INITIAL KINETIC ENERGY(30,1)|WATER COLLECTING CHAMBER(29,5)|CARBON ENTRAPMENT(29,3)|DIFFICULT REGENERATION(28,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(26,15)|SEA(26,9)|ROTATING PLATE(25,23)|ADSORBENT(24,1)|AIR INLET PIPE(23,8)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(23,4)|EXHAUST PIPE(23,4)|SEQUESTRATION(23,3)|OPPOSITE FLUSHING MIXING(23,2)|ABSORBENT(23,1)|OFFSHORE PLATFORM SPACING(23,1)|WASHING ZONE(23,1)|SPIRAL DRAIN(22,2)|WATER COLLECTING CAVITY BOTTOM(21,3)|OUTLET HOLE(21,1)|WATER INLET PIPE(20,11)|FLEXIBLE ELASTIC SHEET(19,2)|ROTATING HOLE(18,7)|CONVERGING(18,1)|FIXED LAYER(17,16)|ELASTIC CAVITY(17,4)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON CAPTURE(17,2)|INNER HOLE(16,4)|LIMITED ADSORPTION CAPACITY(16,1)|INLET PIPE(15,3)|CHEMICAL REAGENT(15,1)|SEAWATER TIME(15,1)|SEAWATER TYPE CARBON TRAPPING(15,1)|FILTER LAYER(14,5)|FLOATING LAYER PERIPHERY(14,2)|KINETIC ENERGY(14,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(12,10)|INNER SECTION(11,9)|LIMITED OFFSHORE PLATFORM SPACE(11,1)|LOW CARBON TRAP(11,1)|WATER COLLECTING CAVITY TOP(10,3)|PROTRUDING STRUCTURE(9,3)|WASHING AREA BOTTOM(9,3)|RAISED STRUCTURE(8,2)|CONTACT AREA(7,3)|SEAWATER MIXING(7,2)|TRAPPING BOX(7,2)|ELASTIC SLICE SWING(7,1)|OPERATION COST(7,1)|CARBON SEALING(6,4)|UPWARDLY DISPOSED UPPER FACE(6,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION(5,3)|TURBULENCE(5,3)|FLEXIBLE GASBAG(5,2)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE REQUIREMENT(5,2)|ELASTIC FLUCTUATION(5,1)|ELASTICITY SWING(5,1)|FILLER VOID(5,1)|INCASEMENT SEAWATER FLOW(5,1)|JAM RISK(5,1)|SEAWATER ENVIRONMENT(5,1)|TRAPPING TANK(5,1)|IMPURITY(4,3)|BULGE(4,2)|DIVERGENT MODE(4,2)|CLEAR SEAWATER(4,1)|DECLINING PERFORMANCE(4,1)|ELASTIC COLUMN ELASTIC DEFORMATION(4,1)|ELASTOMERIC COLUMN(4,1)|EXTENSION ROTOR(4,1)|FLOATING LAYER MIDDLE(4,1)| | (CN120189800)|1. The seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device is characterized by comprising a capturing box arranged on an offshore platform, wherein an upper funnel with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in the capturing box, a water collecting cavity for injecting external seawater is arranged in the upper funnel, the bottom of the water collecting cavity is closed, and the periphery of the upper funnel is provided with a plurality of water outlet holes;| The top of the water collecting cavity is connected with a water inlet pipe for injecting external seawater into the water collecting cavity, and the bottom of the washing area is connected with an air inlet pipe for injecting combustion flue gas into the washing area; | The combustion flue gas enters the washing area through an air inlet pipe, passes through a plurality of packing layers from bottom to top, enters the water collecting cavity through an inlet pipe, divergently enters the washing area through a plurality of water outlet holes, and passes through a plurality of packing layers from top to bottom; | The external seawater and the combustion flue gas are in up-down opposite flushing mixing in the washing area, the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburization flue gas, the decarburization flue gas is discharged outwards through an exhaust pipe, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in a tank, and the seawater in the tank is discharged into the sea through a drain pipe. |2. The seawater-type carbon capture and containment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drain pipe extends helically downward into the seawater.|3. The seawater-type carbon capture and containment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drain pipe has a spiral drain in which a plurality of flexible elastic sheets are provided, the elastic sheets being elastically swung by impact during the flow of seawater in the tank.|4. The seawater-type carbon capturing and sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet head, a filter layer is arranged in the water inlet head, and the external seawater enters the water collecting cavity through the water inlet pipe after being filtered by the filter layer.|5. The seawater-type carbon capture and containment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inlet pipe has an inner section extending into the water collection chamber, the inner section being spirally arranged along a circumference of the water collection chamber, the inner section being provided with a plurality of inner holes arranged toward an inner side wall of the water collection chamber, the external seawater in the inner section being sprayed onto the inner side wall of the water collection chamber through the plurality of inner holes and entering the washing zone through the plurality of outlet holes.|6. The seawater type carbon capture and seal device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a rotating plate is rotatably arranged at the lower part of the washing area, the rotating plate is positioned below the packing layer, a plurality of rotating holes are formed in the rotating plate, the drain pipe is arranged below the rotating plate, the seawater in the tank is driven to rotate by the rotating plate and flows downwards through the rotating holes, and the seawater is discharged into the sea through the drain pipe.|7. The seawater-type carbon capture and containment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the rotating plate has an upwardly disposed upper face provided with a plurality of raised structures.|8. The seawater-type carbon capture and seal device according to claim 7, wherein the protruding structure comprises a flexible air bag arranged on the upper surface, an elastic cavity is formed by enclosing the flexible air bag and the upper surface, and the flexible air bag elastically deforms to drive the seawater in the tank to elastically fluctuate upwards in the process of rotating the rotating plate.|9. The seawater-type carbon capture and seal device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of filler layers comprises a fixed layer and a floating layer floating up and down relative to the fixed layer, the fixed layer is positioned below the floating layer, the periphery of the fixed layer is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the washing area, the periphery of the floating layer is movably abutted to the inner side wall of the washing area, and the floating layer floats up and down relative to the fixed layer in the process of mixing the external seawater and the combustion flue gas in the washing area.|10. The seawater-type carbon capture and seal device of claim 9, wherein a plurality of elastic columns surrounding at intervals are connected between the floating layer and the fixed layer, the upper ends of the elastic columns are connected in a converging manner at the middle part of the floating layer, and the lower ends of the elastic columns are connected on the fixed layer in a divergent manner. | (CN120189800)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration, in particular to a seawater type carbon capture and sequestration device.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean is the largest carbon sink on earth and has great potential for carbon sequestration, which is considered the most cost-effective method because ocean can naturally absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|[0003] In recent years, attention has been paid to seawater type carbon capture and sequestration technologies, and since seawater itself contains a large amount of dissolved inorganic carbon and can naturally absorb carbon dioxide, devices related to carbon capture and sequestration technologies have become key devices for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.|[0004] In the prior art, the traditional carbon capturing and sealing device is generally large in size, complex in structure and difficult to arrange in an environment with limited offshore platform space, a large amount of chemical reagents are needed, the construction and operation costs are high, and the carbon capturing efficiency is difficult to further improve due to the fact that the carbon capturing relies on chemical absorbents or adsorbents, and the problems of limited adsorption capacity, difficult regeneration and the like of the materials in practical application exist.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide a seawater type carbon trapping and sealing device, and aims to solve the problem of low carbon trapping efficiency in the prior art.|[0006] The invention discloses a seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device, which is realized by the method, and comprises a capturing box arranged on an offshore platform, wherein an upper funnel with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in the capturing box, a water collecting cavity for injecting external seawater is arranged in the upper funnel, the bottom of the water collecting cavity is closed, a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the periphery of the upper funnel, a washing area is arranged in the capturing box and surrounds the periphery of the upper funnel, a plurality of packing layers are arranged in the washing area at intervals up and down along the washing area, and packing gaps are formed in the packing layers;|[0007] The top of the water collecting cavity is connected with a water inlet pipe for injecting external seawater into the water collecting cavity, and the bottom of the washing area is connected with an air inlet pipe for injecting combustion flue gas into the washing area; |[0008] The combustion flue gas enters the washing area through an air inlet pipe, passes through a plurality of packing layers from bottom to top, enters the water collecting cavity through an inlet pipe, divergently enters the washing area through a plurality of water outlet holes, and passes through a plurality of packing layers from top to bottom; |[0009] The external seawater and the combustion flue gas are in up-down opposite flushing mixing in the washing area, the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburization flue gas, the decarburization flue gas is discharged outwards through an exhaust pipe, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in a tank, and the seawater in the tank is discharged into the sea through a drain pipe. |[0010] Further, the drain pipe extends downwards into the seawater in a spiral shape.|[0011] Further, the drain pipe is internally provided with a spiral drain, a plurality of flexible elastic sheets are arranged in the drain, and the elastic sheets are elastically swung under impact in the process of flowing of the drain.|[0012] Furthermore, the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet head, a filter layer is arranged in the water inlet head, and external seawater enters the water collecting cavity through the water inlet pipe after being filtered by the filter layer.|[0013] Further, the water inlet pipe is provided with an inner section extending into the water collecting cavity, the inner section is spirally arranged along the circumferential direction of the water collecting cavity, a plurality of inner holes are formed in the inner section and are arranged towards the inner side wall of the water collecting cavity, and external seawater in the inner section is sprayed onto the inner side wall of the water collecting cavity through the inner holes and enters the washing area through the water outlet holes.|[0014] Further, a rotating plate which is arranged in a rotating way is arranged at the lower part of the washing area, the rotating plate is positioned below the packing layer, a plurality of rotating holes are formed in the rotating plate, the drain pipe is arranged below the rotating plate, seawater in the tank is driven to rotate by the rotating plate and flows downwards through the rotating holes, and the seawater is discharged into the sea through the drain pipe.|[0015] Further, the rotating plate has an upper face disposed upwardly, the upper face being provided with a plurality of raised structures.|[0016] Further, the bulge structure comprises a flexible air bag arranged on the upper surface, an elastic cavity is formed by surrounding the flexible air bag and the upper surface, and in the rotating process of the rotating plate, the flexible air bag is elastically deformed to drive seawater in the tank to elastically fluctuate upwards.|[0017] Further, the plurality of filler layers comprise fixed layers and floating layers floating up and down relative to the fixed layers, the fixed layers are located below the floating layers, the periphery of the fixed layers are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the washing area, the periphery of the floating layers movably abut against the inner side wall of the washing area, and the floating layers float up and down relative to the fixed layers in the process of mixing the external seawater and the combustion flue gas in the washing area.|[0018] Further, a plurality of elastic columns surrounding at intervals are connected between the floating layer and the fixed layer, the upper ends of the elastic columns are connected in a converging mode to the middle of the floating layer, and the lower ends of the elastic columns are connected to the fixed layer in a divergent mode.|[0019] Compared with the prior art, the seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device provided by the invention has the following technical advantages:|[0020] Firstly, an upper funnel with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in a trapping box, and a plurality of water outlets are formed in the periphery of the upper funnel, so that external seawater enters a washing area in a divergent mode and is mixed with combustion flue gas passing through a packing layer from bottom to top in an up-down opposite-flushing mode, the contact area and the contact time of the seawater and the combustion flue gas are greatly increased by the opposite-flushing mixing mode, carbon dioxide can be efficiently absorbed by the seawater, and the carbon trapping efficiency is improved; |[0021] secondly, the seawater type carbon capture and storage device has compact overall structure, is suitable for installation and operation on an offshore platform, has better flexibility and applicability, fully considers the space limitation of the offshore platform, and can meet the actual requirement of ocean carbon storage; |[0022] Finally, the carbon dioxide is directly captured and sealed in the offshore platform, so that the energy consumption and risk in the carbon transportation process are reduced, the on-site treatment of carbon sealing is realized, and the safety and economical efficiency of carbon sealing are improved. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device;|[0024] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drain provided by the present invention; |[0025] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rotating plate according to the present invention; |[0026] in the figure, a trapping tank 100, an upper funnel 101, a washing area 102, a rotating plate 103, a rotating hole 104, an upper face 105, a flexible air bag 106 and an elastic cavity 107; |[0027] A water collecting cavity 200, a water inlet pipe 201, an air inlet pipe 202, an air outlet pipe 203, a water outlet pipe 204, a water drainage channel 205, an elastic sheet 206, a filter layer 207 and an inner section 208; |[0028] filler layer 300, filler void 301, fixed layer 302, floating layer 303, and elastomeric columns 304. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0029] The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.|[0030] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.|[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and that the specific meaning of the terms described above may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.|[0032] Referring to fig. 1-3, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided.|[0033] The seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device comprises a capturing box 100 arranged on an offshore platform, wherein an upper funnel 101 with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in the capturing box 100, a water collecting cavity 200 for injecting external seawater is arranged in the upper funnel 101, the bottom of the water collecting cavity 200 is closed, and a plurality of water outlets are formed in the periphery of the upper funnel 101;|[0034] The top of the water collecting cavity 200 is connected with a water inlet pipe 201 for injecting external seawater into the water collecting cavity 200, and the bottom of the washing area 102 is connected with an air inlet pipe 202 for injecting combustion flue gas into the washing area 102; |[0035] combustion flue gas enters the washing area 102 through the air inlet pipe 202, passes through the plurality of filler layers 300 from bottom to top, enters the water collecting cavity 200 through the water inlet pipe 201, divergently enters the washing area 102 through the plurality of water outlet holes, and passes through the plurality of filler layers 300 from top to bottom; |[0036] The external seawater and the combustion flue gas are in up-down opposite-flow mixing in the washing area 102, the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburization flue gas, the decarburization flue gas is discharged outwards through the exhaust pipe 203, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in the tank, and the seawater in the tank is discharged into the sea through the drain pipe 204. |[0037] The seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device provided by the invention has the following technical advantages:|[0038] Firstly, by arranging an upper funnel 101 with a large upper part and a small lower part in a trapping box 100 and utilizing a plurality of water outlets on the periphery of the upper funnel, external seawater enters a washing area 102 in a divergent shape and forms up-down opposite flushing mixing with combustion flue gas passing through a packing layer 300 from bottom to top, and the opposite flushing mixing mode greatly increases the contact area and the contact time of the seawater and the combustion flue gas, so that carbon dioxide can be efficiently absorbed by the seawater, and the efficiency of carbon trapping is improved; |[0039] secondly, the seawater type carbon capture and storage device has compact overall structure, is suitable for installation and operation on an offshore platform, has better flexibility and applicability, fully considers the space limitation of the offshore platform, and can meet the actual requirement of ocean carbon storage; |[0040] Finally, the carbon dioxide is directly captured and sealed in the offshore platform, so that the energy consumption and risk in the carbon transportation process are reduced, the on-site treatment of carbon sealing is realized, and the safety and economical efficiency of carbon sealing are improved. |[0041] In this embodiment, the drain 204 extends spirally downward into the seawater.|[0042] Like this, can make the incasement sea water form stable spiral flow in the discharge process, increase the incasement sea water before discharging with the contact time of the burning flue gas in the washing region 102, improve carbon dioxide's absorption efficiency, simultaneously, heliciform drain pipe 204 can also reduce the turbulence and the impact of drainage in-process, avoid causing too big disturbance to the surrounding sea water environment to realize more steady drainage process, ensure carbon sequestration's stability and security.|[0043] In this embodiment, the drain pipe 204 has a spiral drain 205, and a plurality of flexible elastic pieces 206 are provided in the drain 205, and the elastic pieces 206 are elastically swung by impact during the flow of seawater in the tank in the drain 205.|[0044] Like this, can produce elasticity swing in the incasement sea water flow in-process, increase the turbulent flow degree of sea water, promote the mixing of sea water and combustion flue gas, improve carbon dioxide's absorption efficiency, simultaneously, the swing of elastic slice 206 can also reduce the jam risk in the drainage 205, ensure drainage process's smoothness nature to when improving carbon entrapment efficiency, guarantee the steady operation of device.|[0045] In this embodiment, a water inlet head is connected to the water inlet pipe 201, a filter layer 207 is disposed in the water inlet head, and external seawater enters the water collecting cavity 200 through the water inlet pipe 201 after being filtered by the filter layer 207.|[0046] Like this, impurity and suspended solid in can effectively filter outside sea water prevent that these impurity from getting into behind the water collection chamber 200 and blocking up apopore or packing layer 300 to ensure the normal operating of device, through providing clear sea water as absorption medium, can improve the contact effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, further promote carbon entrapment efficiency, reduce equipment maintenance cost and the running risk because of the impurity leads to simultaneously.|[0047] In this embodiment, the water inlet pipe 201 has an inner section 208 extending into the water collecting chamber 200, the inner section 208 is spirally arranged along the circumferential direction of the water collecting chamber 200, a plurality of inner holes are formed in the inner section 208 and are arranged towards the inner side wall of the water collecting chamber 200, and the external seawater in the inner section 208 is sprayed onto the inner side wall of the water collecting chamber 200 through the plurality of inner holes and enters the washing area 102 through the plurality of water outlet holes.|[0048] Through setting up inside section 208, not only can increase the initial kinetic energy of sea water, make it form more even divergent rivers when getting into washing region 102, can also improve the mixing effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, solve the lower problem of carbon entrapment efficiency because of rivers uneven distribution leads to.|[0049] In the embodiment, the lower part of the washing area 102 is provided with a rotating plate 103 which is arranged in a rotating way, the rotating plate 103 is positioned below the packing layer 300, a plurality of rotating holes 104 are arranged in the rotating plate 103, a drain pipe 204 is arranged below the rotating plate 103, and seawater in the tank is driven to rotate by the rotating plate 103 and flows downwards through the rotating holes 104 and is discharged into the sea through the drain pipe 204.|[0050] Through setting up the rotor plate 103, can make the incasement sea water receive rotor plate 103's drive and produce the whirl at the discharge in-process, this kind of whirl can increase the sea water before discharging with the contact time of burning flue gas, further improves carbon dioxide's absorption efficiency, simultaneously, can also make the sea water evenly discharge downwards through rotor hole 104, reduces the turbulence and the impact of drainage in-process.|[0051] In this embodiment, the rotating plate 103 has an upper face 105 disposed upward, and the upper face 105 is provided with a plurality of protruding structures.|[0052] Like this, increased area of contact and frictional force between rotor plate 103 and the incasement sea water, not only can improve the rotational velocity and the mixed effect of sea water, can also produce local disturbance to the sea water through protruding structure, promote the mixing of sea water and burning flue gas, in addition, protruding structure can also reduce rotor plate 103 surface's wearing and tearing, extension rotor plate 103's life reduces the maintenance cost of device.|[0053] In the embodiment, the bulge structure comprises a flexible air bag 106 arranged on the upper surface 105, an elastic cavity 107 is formed by surrounding the flexible air bag 106 and the upper surface 105, and the flexible air bag 106 elastically deforms and drives the seawater in the tank to elastically fluctuate upwards in the process of rotating the rotating plate 103.|[0054] Through flexible gasbag 106, can produce elastic deformation at the rotation in-process of rotating plate 103 to the sea water in the drive case produces elastic fluctuation up, has increased the turbulent flow degree and the mixed effect of sea water, makes sea water and burning flue gas fully contact, simultaneously, flexible gasbag 106 can also reduce the direct impact of rotating plate 103 to the sea water in the rotation in-process, avoids splashing or equipment damage because of the sea water that excessive turbulence leads to.|[0055] In this embodiment, the plurality of filler layers 300 includes a fixed layer 302 and a floating layer 303 floating up and down relative to the fixed layer 302, the fixed layer 302 is located below the floating layer 303, the periphery of the fixed layer 302 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the washing area 102, the periphery of the floating layer 303 is movably abutted to the inner side wall of the washing area 102, and the floating layer 303 floats up and down relative to the fixed layer 302 in the process of mixing external seawater and combustion flue gas in the washing area 102.|[0056] Through setting up the packing layer 300 into the integrated configuration of fixed layer 302 and floating layer 303, can make floating layer 303 float from top to bottom for fixed layer 302 in the outside sea water and combustion flue gas mixing process, increased the clearance change between the packing layer 300 to further promote the mixing and the mass transfer effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, thereby improve carbon capture efficiency, simultaneously, floating layer 303 can also reduce the performance decline problem that the packing layer 300 leads to because of the jam in the long-term operation in-process.|[0057] In this embodiment, a plurality of elastic columns 304 surrounding at intervals are connected between the floating layer 303 and the fixed layer 302, the upper ends of the plurality of elastic columns 304 are connected in a converging manner to the middle of the floating layer 303, and the lower ends of the plurality of elastic columns 304 are connected in a diverging manner to the fixed layer 302.|[0058] Through setting up a plurality of elastic columns 304 between floating layer 303 and fixed layer 302, can provide stable support and elasticity buffering for floating layer 303, not only can ensure that floating layer 303 keeps good motion stability in the upper and lower floating process, can also further increase the clearance change between the packing layer 300 through elastic deformation of elastic columns 304 to promote the mixing and the mass transfer effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, improve carbon capture efficiency. At the same time, the elastic column 304 can also reduce the damage risk of the packing layer 300 caused by mechanical vibration or impact in the operation process, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the device.|[0059] The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention. | (CN120189800)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine carbon sequestration, in particular to a seawater type carbon capture and sequestration device.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Ocean is the largest carbon sink on earth and has great potential for carbon sequestration, which is considered the most cost-effective method because ocean can naturally absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.|[0003] In recent years, attention has been paid to seawater type carbon capture and sequestration technologies, and since seawater itself contains a large amount of dissolved inorganic carbon and can naturally absorb carbon dioxide, devices related to carbon capture and sequestration technologies have become key devices for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.|[0004] In the prior art, the traditional carbon capturing and sealing device is generally large in size, complex in structure and difficult to arrange in an environment with limited offshore platform space, a large amount of chemical reagents are needed, the construction and operation costs are high, and the carbon capturing efficiency is difficult to further improve due to the fact that the carbon capturing relies on chemical absorbents or adsorbents, and the problems of limited adsorption capacity, difficult regeneration and the like of the materials in practical application exist.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide a seawater type carbon trapping and sealing device, and aims to solve the problem of low carbon trapping efficiency in the prior art.|[0006] The invention discloses a seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device, which is realized by the method, and comprises a capturing box arranged on an offshore platform, wherein an upper funnel with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in the capturing box, a water collecting cavity for injecting external seawater is arranged in the upper funnel, the bottom of the water collecting cavity is closed, a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the periphery of the upper funnel, a washing area is arranged in the capturing box and surrounds the periphery of the upper funnel, a plurality of packing layers are arranged in the washing area at intervals up and down along the washing area, and packing gaps are formed in the packing layers;|[0007] The top of the water collecting cavity is connected with a water inlet pipe for injecting external seawater into the water collecting cavity, and the bottom of the washing area is connected with an air inlet pipe for injecting combustion flue gas into the washing area; |[0008] The combustion flue gas enters the washing area through an air inlet pipe, passes through a plurality of packing layers from bottom to top, enters the water collecting cavity through an inlet pipe, divergently enters the washing area through a plurality of water outlet holes, and passes through a plurality of packing layers from top to bottom; |[0009] The external seawater and the combustion flue gas are in up-down opposite flushing mixing in the washing area, the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburization flue gas, the decarburization flue gas is discharged outwards through an exhaust pipe, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in a tank, and the seawater in the tank is discharged into the sea through a drain pipe. |[0010] Further, the drain pipe extends downwards into the seawater in a spiral shape.|[0011] Further, the drain pipe is internally provided with a spiral drain, a plurality of flexible elastic sheets are arranged in the drain, and the elastic sheets are elastically swung under impact in the process of flowing of the drain.|[0012] Furthermore, the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet head, a filter layer is arranged in the water inlet head, and external seawater enters the water collecting cavity through the water inlet pipe after being filtered by the filter layer.|[0013] Further, the water inlet pipe is provided with an inner section extending into the water collecting cavity, the inner section is spirally arranged along the circumferential direction of the water collecting cavity, a plurality of inner holes are formed in the inner section and are arranged towards the inner side wall of the water collecting cavity, and external seawater in the inner section is sprayed onto the inner side wall of the water collecting cavity through the inner holes and enters the washing area through the water outlet holes.|[0014] Further, a rotating plate which is arranged in a rotating way is arranged at the lower part of the washing area, the rotating plate is positioned below the packing layer, a plurality of rotating holes are formed in the rotating plate, the drain pipe is arranged below the rotating plate, seawater in the tank is driven to rotate by the rotating plate and flows downwards through the rotating holes, and the seawater is discharged into the sea through the drain pipe.|[0015] Further, the rotating plate has an upper face disposed upwardly, the upper face being provided with a plurality of raised structures.|[0016] Further, the bulge structure comprises a flexible air bag arranged on the upper surface, an elastic cavity is formed by surrounding the flexible air bag and the upper surface, and in the rotating process of the rotating plate, the flexible air bag is elastically deformed to drive seawater in the tank to elastically fluctuate upwards.|[0017] Further, the plurality of filler layers comprise fixed layers and floating layers floating up and down relative to the fixed layers, the fixed layers are located below the floating layers, the periphery of the fixed layers are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the washing area, the periphery of the floating layers movably abut against the inner side wall of the washing area, and the floating layers float up and down relative to the fixed layers in the process of mixing the external seawater and the combustion flue gas in the washing area.|[0018] Further, a plurality of elastic columns surrounding at intervals are connected between the floating layer and the fixed layer, the upper ends of the elastic columns are connected in a converging mode to the middle of the floating layer, and the lower ends of the elastic columns are connected to the fixed layer in a divergent mode.|[0019] Compared with the prior art, the seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device provided by the invention has the following technical advantages:|[0020] Firstly, an upper funnel with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in a trapping box, and a plurality of water outlets are formed in the periphery of the upper funnel, so that external seawater enters a washing area in a divergent mode and is mixed with combustion flue gas passing through a packing layer from bottom to top in an up-down opposite-flushing mode, the contact area and the contact time of the seawater and the combustion flue gas are greatly increased by the opposite-flushing mixing mode, carbon dioxide can be efficiently absorbed by the seawater, and the carbon trapping efficiency is improved; |[0021] secondly, the seawater type carbon capture and storage device has compact overall structure, is suitable for installation and operation on an offshore platform, has better flexibility and applicability, fully considers the space limitation of the offshore platform, and can meet the actual requirement of ocean carbon storage; |[0022] Finally, the carbon dioxide is directly captured and sealed in the offshore platform, so that the energy consumption and risk in the carbon transportation process are reduced, the on-site treatment of carbon sealing is realized, and the safety and economical efficiency of carbon sealing are improved. |DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device;|[0024] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drain provided by the present invention; |[0025] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rotating plate according to the present invention; |[0026] in the figure, a trapping tank 100, an upper funnel 101, a washing area 102, a rotating plate 103, a rotating hole 104, an upper face 105, a flexible air bag 106 and an elastic cavity 107; |[0027] A water collecting cavity 200, a water inlet pipe 201, an air inlet pipe 202, an air outlet pipe 203, a water outlet pipe 204, a water drainage channel 205, an elastic sheet 206, a filter layer 207 and an inner section 208; |[0028] filler layer 300, filler void 301, fixed layer 302, floating layer 303, and elastomeric columns 304. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0029] The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.|[0030] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.|[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and that the specific meaning of the terms described above may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.|[0032] Referring to fig. 1-3, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided.|[0033] The seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device comprises a capturing box 100 arranged on an offshore platform, wherein an upper funnel 101 with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged in the capturing box 100, a water collecting cavity 200 for injecting external seawater is arranged in the upper funnel 101, the bottom of the water collecting cavity 200 is closed, and a plurality of water outlets are formed in the periphery of the upper funnel 101;|[0034] The top of the water collecting cavity 200 is connected with a water inlet pipe 201 for injecting external seawater into the water collecting cavity 200, and the bottom of the washing area 102 is connected with an air inlet pipe 202 for injecting combustion flue gas into the washing area 102; |[0035] combustion flue gas enters the washing area 102 through the air inlet pipe 202, passes through the plurality of filler layers 300 from bottom to top, enters the water collecting cavity 200 through the water inlet pipe 201, divergently enters the washing area 102 through the plurality of water outlet holes, and passes through the plurality of filler layers 300 from top to bottom; |[0036] The external seawater and the combustion flue gas are in up-down opposite-flow mixing in the washing area 102, the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburization flue gas, the decarburization flue gas is discharged outwards through the exhaust pipe 203, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in the tank, and the seawater in the tank is discharged into the sea through the drain pipe 204. |[0037] The seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device provided by the invention has the following technical advantages:|[0038] Firstly, by arranging an upper funnel 101 with a large upper part and a small lower part in a trapping box 100 and utilizing a plurality of water outlets on the periphery of the upper funnel, external seawater enters a washing area 102 in a divergent shape and forms up-down opposite flushing mixing with combustion flue gas passing through a packing layer 300 from bottom to top, and the opposite flushing mixing mode greatly increases the contact area and the contact time of the seawater and the combustion flue gas, so that carbon dioxide can be efficiently absorbed by the seawater, and the efficiency of carbon trapping is improved; |[0039] secondly, the seawater type carbon capture and storage device has compact overall structure, is suitable for installation and operation on an offshore platform, has better flexibility and applicability, fully considers the space limitation of the offshore platform, and can meet the actual requirement of ocean carbon storage; |[0040] Finally, the carbon dioxide is directly captured and sealed in the offshore platform, so that the energy consumption and risk in the carbon transportation process are reduced, the on-site treatment of carbon sealing is realized, and the safety and economical efficiency of carbon sealing are improved. |[0041] In this embodiment, the drain 204 extends spirally downward into the seawater.|[0042] Like this, can make the incasement sea water form stable spiral flow in the discharge process, increase the incasement sea water before discharging with the contact time of the burning flue gas in the washing region 102, improve carbon dioxide's absorption efficiency, simultaneously, heliciform drain pipe 204 can also reduce the turbulence and the impact of drainage in-process, avoid causing too big disturbance to the surrounding sea water environment to realize more steady drainage process, ensure carbon sequestration's stability and security.|[0043] In this embodiment, the drain pipe 204 has a spiral drain 205, and a plurality of flexible elastic pieces 206 are provided in the drain 205, and the elastic pieces 206 are elastically swung by impact during the flow of seawater in the tank in the drain 205.|[0044] Like this, can produce elasticity swing in the incasement sea water flow in-process, increase the turbulent flow degree of sea water, promote the mixing of sea water and combustion flue gas, improve carbon dioxide's absorption efficiency, simultaneously, the swing of elastic slice 206 can also reduce the jam risk in the drainage 205, ensure drainage process's smoothness nature to when improving carbon entrapment efficiency, guarantee the steady operation of device.|[0045] In this embodiment, a water inlet head is connected to the water inlet pipe 201, a filter layer 207 is disposed in the water inlet head, and external seawater enters the water collecting cavity 200 through the water inlet pipe 201 after being filtered by the filter layer 207.|[0046] Like this, impurity and suspended solid in can effectively filter outside sea water prevent that these impurity from getting into behind the water collection chamber 200 and blocking up apopore or packing layer 300 to ensure the normal operating of device, through providing clear sea water as absorption medium, can improve the contact effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, further promote carbon entrapment efficiency, reduce equipment maintenance cost and the running risk because of the impurity leads to simultaneously.|[0047] In this embodiment, the water inlet pipe 201 has an inner section 208 extending into the water collecting chamber 200, the inner section 208 is spirally arranged along the circumferential direction of the water collecting chamber 200, a plurality of inner holes are formed in the inner section 208 and are arranged towards the inner side wall of the water collecting chamber 200, and the external seawater in the inner section 208 is sprayed onto the inner side wall of the water collecting chamber 200 through the plurality of inner holes and enters the washing area 102 through the plurality of water outlet holes.|[0048] Through setting up inside section 208, not only can increase the initial kinetic energy of sea water, make it form more even divergent rivers when getting into washing region 102, can also improve the mixing effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, solve the lower problem of carbon entrapment efficiency because of rivers uneven distribution leads to.|[0049] In the embodiment, the lower part of the washing area 102 is provided with a rotating plate 103 which is arranged in a rotating way, the rotating plate 103 is positioned below the packing layer 300, a plurality of rotating holes 104 are arranged in the rotating plate 103, a drain pipe 204 is arranged below the rotating plate 103, and seawater in the tank is driven to rotate by the rotating plate 103 and flows downwards through the rotating holes 104 and is discharged into the sea through the drain pipe 204.|[0050] Through setting up the rotor plate 103, can make the incasement sea water receive rotor plate 103's drive and produce the whirl at the discharge in-process, this kind of whirl can increase the sea water before discharging with the contact time of burning flue gas, further improves carbon dioxide's absorption efficiency, simultaneously, can also make the sea water evenly discharge downwards through rotor hole 104, reduces the turbulence and the impact of drainage in-process.|[0051] In this embodiment, the rotating plate 103 has an upper face 105 disposed upward, and the upper face 105 is provided with a plurality of protruding structures.|[0052] Like this, increased area of contact and frictional force between rotor plate 103 and the incasement sea water, not only can improve the rotational velocity and the mixed effect of sea water, can also produce local disturbance to the sea water through protruding structure, promote the mixing of sea water and burning flue gas, in addition, protruding structure can also reduce rotor plate 103 surface's wearing and tearing, extension rotor plate 103's life reduces the maintenance cost of device.|[0053] In the embodiment, the bulge structure comprises a flexible air bag 106 arranged on the upper surface 105, an elastic cavity 107 is formed by surrounding the flexible air bag 106 and the upper surface 105, and the flexible air bag 106 elastically deforms and drives the seawater in the tank to elastically fluctuate upwards in the process of rotating the rotating plate 103.|[0054] Through flexible gasbag 106, can produce elastic deformation at the rotation in-process of rotating plate 103 to the sea water in the drive case produces elastic fluctuation up, has increased the turbulent flow degree and the mixed effect of sea water, makes sea water and burning flue gas fully contact, simultaneously, flexible gasbag 106 can also reduce the direct impact of rotating plate 103 to the sea water in the rotation in-process, avoids splashing or equipment damage because of the sea water that excessive turbulence leads to.|[0055] In this embodiment, the plurality of filler layers 300 includes a fixed layer 302 and a floating layer 303 floating up and down relative to the fixed layer 302, the fixed layer 302 is located below the floating layer 303, the periphery of the fixed layer 302 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the washing area 102, the periphery of the floating layer 303 is movably abutted to the inner side wall of the washing area 102, and the floating layer 303 floats up and down relative to the fixed layer 302 in the process of mixing external seawater and combustion flue gas in the washing area 102.|[0056] Through setting up the packing layer 300 into the integrated configuration of fixed layer 302 and floating layer 303, can make floating layer 303 float from top to bottom for fixed layer 302 in the outside sea water and combustion flue gas mixing process, increased the clearance change between the packing layer 300 to further promote the mixing and the mass transfer effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, thereby improve carbon capture efficiency, simultaneously, floating layer 303 can also reduce the performance decline problem that the packing layer 300 leads to because of the jam in the long-term operation in-process.|[0057] In this embodiment, a plurality of elastic columns 304 surrounding at intervals are connected between the floating layer 303 and the fixed layer 302, the upper ends of the plurality of elastic columns 304 are connected in a converging manner to the middle of the floating layer 303, and the lower ends of the plurality of elastic columns 304 are connected in a diverging manner to the fixed layer 302.|[0058] Through setting up a plurality of elastic columns 304 between floating layer 303 and fixed layer 302, can provide stable support and elasticity buffering for floating layer 303, not only can ensure that floating layer 303 keeps good motion stability in the upper and lower floating process, can also further increase the clearance change between the packing layer 300 through elastic deformation of elastic columns 304 to promote the mixing and the mass transfer effect of sea water and combustion flue gas, improve carbon capture efficiency. At the same time, the elastic column 304 can also reduce the damage risk of the packing layer 300 caused by mechanical vibration or impact in the operation process, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the device.|[0059] The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention. | Family Number|(115008796)|115008796|Abstract|(CN120189800 A)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration , and discloses a seawater type carbon trapping and sequestration device which comprises a trapping box arranged on an offshore platform , an upper funnel is arranged in the trapping box , and the trapping box is provided with a water collecting cavity and a water outlet hole ; the washing area surrounds the periphery of the upper funnel and is provided with a filler layer ; the bottom of the washing area is provided with an air inlet pipe , the top of the washing area is provided with an exhaust pipe , and the bottom of the washing area is provided with a drainage pipe ; combustion flue gas enters the washing area through the gas inlet pipe and passes through the packing layer , and external seawater enters the water collecting cavity through the water inlet pipe and enters the washing area and the packing layer through the water outlet holes . External seawater and combustion flue gas are mixed in the washing area in an up - and - down hedging mode , the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburized flue gas which is discharged outwards through the exhaust pipe , the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in the box , and the seawater is discharged into the sea through the drainage pipe , so that the contact area and time of the seawater and the combustion flue gas are increased ; therefore , the carbon capture efficiency is improved . | | Environmental technology|Materials, metallurgy | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/18|B01D-053/18/5|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/0283|C01B-032/50|C02F-001/00/1|C02F-2103/08 | B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/18|B01D-053/18/5|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/0283|C01B-032/50|C02F-001/00/1|C02F-2103/08 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|C01B-032/50|C02F-001/00|C02F-103/08 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/18|C01B-032/50|C02F-001/00|C02F-103/08 | PENDING | (CN120189800)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN120189800)|ALIVE | (CN120189800)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN120189800|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-04-01|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-04-01|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202510404337|Application date=2025-04-01|Standardized application number=2025CN-0404337|Event publication date=2025-06-24|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN120189800|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-06-24|Standardized publication number=CN120189800|Event publication date=2025-06-24|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-07-11|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN120189800)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKdPGaUA3ulzC1fn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077932081&ekey=2539&xpn=CN120189800&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=vxwKST9W5xtO4SGAYTIkzpNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN120189800)|CN | (CN120189800)|NAME=SHENZHEN GONGKAN GEOTECHNICAL GROUP CO. LTD. , COUNTRY=CN | (CN120189800)|NAME=ZHOU TING;SHENZHEN INPRE PATENT AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=44356NAME=JIANG WENXIN;SHENZHEN INPRE PATENT AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=44356 | (CN120189800)|NAME=LEI BIN|NAME=TONG XIN|NAME=LI XIAYING|NAME=WU DI|NAME=LI HONGBO|NAME=SHENG LIYUAN|NAME=LI BIN|NAME=DU ZICHUN | Titre: (CN120189800)|Seawater type carbon capturing and sealing device Résumé: (CN120189800)|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, and discloses a seawater type carbon trapping and sequestration device which comprises a trapping box arranged on an offshore platform, an upper funnel is arranged in the trapping box, and the trapping box is provided with a water collecting cavity and a water outlet hole; the washing area surrounds the periphery of the upper funnel and is provided with a filler layer; the bottom of the washing area is provided with an air inlet pipe, the top of the washing area is provided with an exhaust pipe, and the bottom of the washing area is provided with a drainage pipe; combustion flue gas enters the washing area through the gas inlet pipe and passes through the packing layer, and external seawater enters the water collecting cavity through the water inlet pipe and enters the washing area and the packing layer through the water outlet holes. External seawater and combustion flue gas are mixed in the washing area in an up-and-down hedging mode, the combustion flue gas is washed by the external seawater to form decarburized flue gas which is discharged outwards through the exhaust pipe, the external seawater absorbs carbon dioxide to form seawater in the box, and the seawater is discharged into the sea through the drainage pipe, so that the contact area and time of the seawater and the combustion flue gas are increased; therefore, the carbon capture efficiency is improved. | 70.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a carbon capturing device that uses seawater to wash combustion flue gas, which is not related to stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN120189800)|1 | (CN120189800)|9 | (CN120189800)|10 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN120189800)|3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN120189800)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-06-24|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-2601|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10| | (CN120189800)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN120189800)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 81 | CN202210833041 | CN202210833041 | CN115267109 | 102359578 | CN115267109 A 2022-11-01 [CN115267109] | 2022-07-15 | 2022-07-15 | 2022-11-01 | (CN115267109)|2023-06-20 | (CN115267109)|Regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on marine shellfish big data | (CN115267109)|The invention belongs to the technical field of fishery carbon sequestration, and particularly relates to a regional carbon sequestration statistical method and equipment based on marine shellfish big data, the regional carbon sequestration statistical equipment comprises a shell, the two sides of the shell are respectively provided with a first motor, and the ends, away from each other, of the two first motors are respectively connected with rotating rollers through rotating shafts; the side wall of the rotating roller is connected with a group of blades which are annularly and uniformly distributed, the top surface of the shell is connected with an arc-shaped sleeve through a bracket and a connecting rod, an internal ball head of the arc-shaped sleeve is connected with a rolling ball, and the bottom end of the rolling ball is connected with a detector; according to the method, the operation sea area and the sea area water quality condition are analyzed through the arranged statistical equipment, a culture owner fills in a work log SAAS system, the aquatic product type, specification, density and quality of a culture area are analyzed and counted according to related data in the SAAS system, the carbon sink number is estimated, detailed data in the whole culture process are given through the SAAS system, and the culture efficiency is improved. Important data support is provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system. | YUBEI RANCH SHANDONG MARINE TECHNOLOGY | (CN115267109)|YUBEI RANCH SHANDONG MARINE TECH CO LTD ([CN]) | LÜ MING | (CN115267109)|LÜ MING | (CN115267109)|WANG JINGZHOU;Yantai Junding Bochuang Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)|Reg. Nb: 37356 | (CN115267109)|Preferably, the elastic part is made of a film material, a sealed cavity can be formed between the elastic part and the surface of the sampling box, a sliding sleeve is arranged in the sampling box, a sliding rod is connected in the free end of the sliding sleeve in a sliding manner, the other end of the sliding rod is connected with a baffle at a corresponding position, the inner end of the sliding sleeve is communicated with the inside of the elastic part through a conduit, and when the baffle rotates and does not block the sampling groove, the baffle can drive the sliding rod to slide towards the outer end of the sliding sleeve; in-process that descends in the ocean when the sample chamber, because the sample groove is kept away from to the baffle under the effect of sea water, make the baffle can drive the slide bar to keeping away from the inner side motion of slip table, thereby can take out the inside gas of elastic component through the pipe, when the sample chamber stops the whereabouts, the commentaries on classics board is at the in-process that resets, can take the slide bar to slide to the slide sleeve inner, and with its inside gas impress in the elastic component, thereby make the elastic component can be at the in-process of tympanites, pop out the impurity that exists on the surface, make the baffle can carry out more effective sealing to the sample groove.|Most of traditional shellfish carbon transfer statistics are calculated and calculated by a small-scale scientific research institution, a large-scale application path is lacked, domain overall data support is absent, instantaneity is poor, reliability is low and the like, and manual statistics and calculation are needed in most cases; meanwhile, when the conventional statistical device detects the ocean, if the ocean is subjected to a large storm, the detector on the device can be unstable and shake, so that the stable detection of the device on ocean related data is influenced.|Preferably, the end face of the sampling box corresponding to the free end of the baffle is provided with an elastic piece; when the in-process of sampling case downstream and stopping, because some impurity can be located the position department that sampling case and baffle laminated mutually, lead to this impurity can obstruct the inseparable laminating of baffle tip and sampling case, thereby make the baffle be difficult to carry out effectual shutoff to the sample groove, through setting up the elastic component this moment, make the sampling case when stopping the whereabouts, the baffle tip can support and press on the elastic component surface, make the elastic component sunken deformation, can pop out its surperficial impurity, even there is impurity on the elastic component surface, through the extrusion of baffle, also can make the elastic component inseparable laminate mutually with the baffle, thereby make the sample groove can carry out effectual shutoff, further reduce the condition that the water sample flowed outside taking place at the in-process.|To remedy the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one of the technical problems set forth in the background is addressed.| | (CN115267109)|1. Regional carbon sink statistical equipment based on marine shellfish big data; the method is characterized in that: including casing (1), first motor (2) are installed respectively to the both sides of casing (1), and the one end of keeping away from each other of two first motor (2) is connected with through the pivot respectively and changes roller (3), be connected with blade (4) of a set of annular equipartition on the lateral wall of commentaries on classics roller (3), be connected with arc cover (6) through support (5) and connecting rod on the top surface of casing (1), the inside bulb of arc cover (6) is connected with spin (7), the bottom of spin (7) is connected with detector (8).| | (CN115267109)|The invention belongs to the technical field of fishery carbon sink, and particularly relates to a regional carbon sink counting method and device based on ocean shellfish big data, which comprises a shell, wherein first motors are respectively arranged on two sides of the shell, the ends, far away from each other, of the two first motors are respectively connected with a rotating roller through rotating shafts, a group of blades which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode are connected to the side wall of the rotating roller, an arc-shaped sleeve is connected to the top surface of the shell through a support and a connecting rod, a ball is connected to the ball head inside the arc-shaped sleeve, and the bottom end of the ball is connected with a detector; the invention analyzes the area of the operating sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area through the arranged statistical equipment, the aquaculture owner fills the work log SAAS system, analyzes and counts the aquatic species, specification, density and quality of the aquaculture area and estimates the carbon sink quantity according to the related data in the SAAS system, and provides detailed data in the whole aquaculture process through the SAAS system, thereby providing important data support for the ocean carbon sink standard system.|Therefore, the invention provides a regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on marine shellfish big data.| | (CN115267109)|CARBON SINK(100,40)|BIG DATA(100,20)|MARINE SHELLFISH(100,20)|MARINE SHELLFISH BIG DATA(100,19)|CARBON SINK STATISTICAL METHOD(100,8)|STATISTICAL METHOD(100,8)|STATISTICAL EQUIPMENT(100,7)|CARBON SINK STATISTICAL EQUIPMENT(100,2)|BAFFLE TIP INSEPARABLE LAMINATING(60,1)|INTELLIGENT CULTIVATION HANGING CAGE(58,4)|EFFECTUAL SHUTOFF(57,2)|AQUACULTURE OWNER(51,1)|OCEAN SHELLFISH(49,1)|ANNULAR EQUIPARTITION(41,1)|INSEPARABLE LAMINATING(41,1)|SURPERFICIAL IMPURITY(41,1)|BAFFLE(37,50)|CARBON SINK REGION(37,11)|AQUATIC SPECIES(36,4)|SAMPLE GROOVE(36,4)|SHUTOFF SUBASSEMBLY(35,3)|BAFFLE TIP(35,2)|OCEAN SHELLFISH BIG DATA(35,1)|ELASTIC COMPONENT(34,6)|CLASSIC ROLLER(34,1)|CULTURED SHELLFISH SOFT TISSUE(31,6)|ELASTIC COMPONENT INSEPARABLE LAMINATE(31,1)|CLASSIC BOARD(30,6)|COMPONENT INSEPARABLE LAMINATE(29,1)|ELASTIC COMPONENT SUNKEN DEFORMATION(29,1)|SHELLFISH CARBON(29,1)|SYMMETRY PLECTRUM(28,1)|BOX INTRODUCTION(27,74)|BAFFLE EXTRUSION(27,2)|COMPONENT SUNKEN DEFORMATION(26,1)|FEED LIQUOR GROOVE(25,2)|ARC COVER(24,2)|SAAS(23,8)|SAMPLE CHAMBER(23,2)|IMPURITY(22,15)|ROPE WINDING(22,9)|COMMENTARY(22,7)|AQUACULTURE(22,2)|FISHERY CARBON SINK(22,2)|ARRANGED STATISTICAL EQUIPMENT(22,1)|INSIDE BULB(22,1)|SHELL(21,28)|ROTATING ROLLER(21,9)|AQUACULTURE AREA QUALITY(21,1)|ARC COVER INSIDE BULB(21,1)|ELASTIC PLECTRUM(21,1)|SLIDE SLEEVE(21,1)|SLIDING SLEEVE(20,17)|CASING(20,5)|SEALED CAVITY(20,3)|AQUACULTURE AREA(20,1)|COMMENTARY LATERAL WALL(20,1)|GROOVE INTRODUCTION(19,20)|STATISTIC(19,4)|INSTANTANEITY(19,1)|ELASTIC PIECE(18,23)|SEA(18,21)|CAVITY INTRODUCTION(18,18)|SOLAR INTELLIGENT FLOATING BODY(18,7)|ASCENSION(18,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK(17,6)|SEABED DEPOSITION CARBON FIXATION(17,4)|WORK LOG SAAS(17,4)|SLIDE SLEEVE INNER(17,1)|INSIDE GAS(16,2)|SPIN BOTTOM(16,1)|SLIDE BAR(15,5)|ARC SHAPED SLEEVE(15,4)|SHELLFISH CULTURE DRY WEIGHT(15,3)|SHELLFISH CULTURE PRODUCT(15,3)|SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION(15,1)|GPS MODULE(14,3)|GPS TRACKING MODULE(14,3)|SLIP TABLE(14,1)|TORSIONAL SPRING ROTATION(14,1)|SEAWATER(13,21)|SHEET MAGNETIC ATTRACTION(13,3)|LIQUID GROOVE(13,2)|SPIN(13,1)|INTRODUCING PORT(12,8)|ANNULAR MODE(12,3)|CONVERSION COEFFICIENT(12,3)|STABLE DETECTION(12,3)|SHELL SOFT TISSUE(12,2)|LATERAL WALL(11,5)|POSITION DEPARTMENT(11,1)|SHUTOFF BOARD LATERAL WALL(11,1)|SAMPLE GLASS CASE(10,6)|TENSION SENSOR(10,5)|COMMUNICATION MODULE(10,3)|MASS PROPORTION(10,3)|BOOK(10,1)|ELASTIC COMPONENT INSIDE GAS(10,1)|JUST INTRODUCED BOX(10,1)|SYMMETRIC CONNECTION(10,1)|DETECTION CASE(9,6)|ADSORPTION BLOCK(9,5)|CARBON CONTENT DATA(9,5)|CONNECTING ROD(9,4)|LARGE STORM(9,2)|JUST ELASTIC COMPONENT(9,1)|LATERAL WALL DEPARTMENT(9,1)|SEA AREA(8,21)|LIMITING PLATE(8,7)|WATER SAMPLE(8,6)|OBSTACLE PROBABILITY(8,3)|SEAWATER OUTFLOW(8,3)|OCEAN RELATED DATA(8,2)|POP(8,2)|DOMAIN OVERALL DATA SUPPORT(8,1)|INTRODUCTION CASE(7,9)|ARC SLEEVE(7,6)|ELASTIC COMPONENT SURFACE(7,4)|SUPPORTING DATA(7,4)|BALL HEAD(7,3)|OCEAN FLOW VELOCITY(7,3)|SOLAR BATTERY(7,3)|FURLING ROPE(7,2)|INSIDE SLIDING CONNECTION(7,1)|PLECTRUM END(7,1)|SAMPLE CASE ASCENDING MOTION(7,1)|SAMPLE CONNECTION(7,1)|MONITORING VIBRATION ALARM DEVICE(6,3)|ROTATING SHAFT(6,3)|SONAR DETECTOR(6,3)|CULTURE SAAS(6,2)|MEMBRANE MATERIAL(6,1)|ROTATING PLATE(5,16)|WATER QUALITY(5,16)|DETECTION BOX(5,7)|TOTAL CARBON SINK(5,3)|FILM MATERIAL(5,2)|INTELLIGENT HARDWARE(5,2)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,2)|APPLICATION PATH(5,1)|CARBON SINK COUNTING METHOD(5,1)|COUNTING METHOD(5,1)|CULTURE OWNER FILL(5,1)|EYE TWINKLING(5,1)|OPEN MODE(5,1)|PSEUDOFECAL PELLET(5,1)|SEEDLING BREEDING(5,1)|SHUTOFF PROGRESS(5,1)|TORSION SPRING(4,11)|ELASTIC MEMBER(4,9)|MAGNETIC PLATE(4,9)|ROLLING BALL(4,8)|WATER SURFACE(4,6)|INTRODUCED BOX SURFACE(4,5)|LIQUID INLET GROOVE(4,4)|PLUGGING PLATE(4,4)|INCLINATION ANGLE(4,3)|WATER QUALITY SENSOR(4,3)|OCEAN RELEVANT DATA(4,2)|RELEVANT OCEAN DATA(4,2)|SEAWATER ACTION(4,2)|SHIP DRIVING(4,2)|SUSPENSION CAGE WEIGHT(4,2)|BOTTOM SURFACE PUNISHMENT(4,1)|IMPURITY CLEANING(4,1)|INSIDE WATER QUALITY(4,1)|MICRO ZOOPLANKTON(4,1)|SPECIES CULTIVATION(4,1)|AWAY(3,4)|CULTURE AREA QUALITY(3,4)|ANTI THEFT ALARM DEVICE(3,3)|CLEANLINESS(3,3)|DATA PROCESSING MODULE(3,3)|DRY WEIGHT YIELD DATA(3,3)|LIQUID OUTLET GROOVE(3,3)|OUTER END(3,3)|PLUGGING COMPONENT(3,3)|RELEVANT OCEAN AREA(3,3)|SEAWATER IMPACT FORCE(3,3)|WET WEIGHT(3,3)|CHLOROPHYL(3,2)|COOPERATION(3,2)|DISAPPEARANCE(3,2)|DRIFTING(3,2)|FLOATING GROUP(3,2)|INFLATION(3,2)|LIQUID INLET TANK(3,2)|LIQUID OUTLET TANK(3,2)|SALINITY(3,2)|CONVERT BICARBONATE(3,1)|ELASTIC SHIFTING PIECE(3,1)|MARINE CULTURE INDUSTRY(3,1)|ROLLING ROPE(3,1)|SEA FOOD(3,1)|SHAKING ROLE(3,1)|SYMMETRICAL SWITCH(3,1)|UNSTABLE SHAKING CONDITION(3,1)|WIN HUMAN PRODUCTION(3,1)| | (CN115267109)|1. Regional carbon sink statistical equipment based on marine shellfish big data; the method is characterized in that: including casing (1), first motor (2) are installed respectively to the both sides of casing (1), and the one end of keeping away from each other of two first motor (2) is connected with through the pivot respectively and changes roller (3), be connected with blade (4) of a set of annular equipartition on the lateral wall of commentaries on classics roller (3), be connected with arc cover (6) through support (5) and connecting rod on the top surface of casing (1), the inside bulb of arc cover (6) is connected with spin (7), the bottom of spin (7) is connected with detector (8).|2. The regional carbon sink statistical device based on the marine shellfish big data as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the system comprises a water surface unit, a water body unit and a seabed unit, wherein the water surface unit takes a solar intelligent floating body (29) as a carrier, and the solar intelligent floating body is provided with a solar battery, a GPS module, a data processing module, a communication module, a water quality sensor and a tension sensor; the water body unit takes an intelligent cultivation hanging cage (30) as a carrier, and an ocean current flow velocity monitoring device, an inclination angle monitoring vibration alarm device, an anti-theft alarm device and a GPS tracking module are arranged on the intelligent cultivation hanging cage; the seabed unit takes a seabed deposition carbon fixation sensor (31) as a carrier.|3. The regional carbon sink statistical device based on the marine shellfish big data as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: a sampling cavity (9) is formed in the bottom of the shell (1), a second motor is installed in the sampling cavity (9), the output end of the second motor is connected with a winding rope (10), a sampling port communicated with the sampling cavity (9) is formed in the bottom surface of the sampling cavity (9), a sampling assembly is arranged at the sampling port, and the sampling assembly is connected with the end portion of the winding rope (10); sample subassembly includes and rolls up sampling box (11) that rope (10) link to each other with the book, sampling groove (12) have respectively been seted up with the bottom surface punishment to the top surface of sampling box (11), be connected with baffle (13) through the torsional spring rotation on sampling box (11) terminal surface of sampling groove (12) one side, baffle (13) can carry out the shutoff to sampling groove (12) under the effect of torsional spring, just sampling box (11) from last when dropping down in aqueous, baffle (13) rotate under hydraulic effect to make sampling groove (12) be in the open mode.|4. The regional carbon sink statistical device based on the marine shellfish big data as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: sample chamber (9) inside is equipped with detection case (14), lateral wall department that detection case (14) are close to sample case (11) has seted up feed liquor groove (15), feed liquor groove (15) department is equipped with the shutoff subassembly, inside water quality testing ware (16) of being equipped with of detection case (14), sample case (11) have been close to and have been seted up out liquid groove (17) on the lateral wall of feed liquor groove (15), the top of going out liquid groove (17) is rotated through the torsional spring and is connected with commentaries on classics board (18), commentaries on classics board (18) can carry out the shutoff to going out liquid groove (17) under the effect of torsional spring, the sample connection both sides are equipped with and carry out spacing limiting plate (19) to the ascending motion of sample case (11) vertical side.|5. The regional carbon sink statistical device based on the marine shellfish big data as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the shutoff subassembly includes shutoff board (20), be connected with the spring between the lateral wall of shutoff board (20) top and detection case (14), be equipped with magnetic sheet (21) on detection case (14) lateral wall of feed liquor groove (15) department, the end connection who changes board (18) has adsorption block (22) that attracts mutually with magnetic sheet (21), when sample case (11) moves up under the effect of limiting plate (19), the top surface of sample case (11) can be laminated with the bottom surface of shutoff board (20) mutually.|6. The regional carbon sink statistical device based on the marine shellfish big data as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: and an elastic piece (23) is arranged on the end face of the sampling box (11) corresponding to the free end of the baffle (13).|7. The regional carbon sink statistical device based on the marine shellfish big data as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: elastic component (23) comprise the membrane material, just elastic component (23) can with sample case (11) between the surface form sealed cavity, sample case (11) inside is equipped with sliding sleeve (24), the inside sliding connection of free end of sliding sleeve (24) has slide bar (25), the other end of slide bar (25) links to each other with baffle (13) of corresponding position, sliding sleeve (24) the inner is linked together through pipe (26) with elastic component (23) inside, baffle (13) are taking place to rotate and when no longer carrying out the shutoff to sample groove (12), baffle (13) can drive slide bar (25) and slide to sliding sleeve (24) outer end.|8. The regional carbon sink statistical device based on the marine shellfish big data as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the surface of the elastic piece (23) is provided with a plurality of groups of concave parts (27), and the width of the concave parts (27) is gradually increased from the middle part to two sides.|9. The regional carbon sink statistical device based on marine shellfish big data as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: elastic plectrum (28) of symmetric connection on the lateral wall of depressed part (27), plectrum (28) set to the arc form, just the free end of plectrum (28) is crooked towards depressed part (27) inner, and the free end of two plectrums of symmetry (28) is laminated each other simultaneously.|10. A regional carbon sink statistical method based on marine shellfish big data, which adopts the statistical device of any one of claims 1-9, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:|s1: analyzing the area of the operating sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area through statistical equipment, filling a work log SAAS system through a culture owner, analyzing and counting the aquatic species, specification, density and quality of a culture area according to related data in the SAAS system, simultaneously acquiring a conversion coefficient from the wet weight to the dry weight of a specific shellfish culture variety, and converting the fresh shellfish culture product yield into the dry weight yield;|s2: after the dry weight yield of certain cultured shellfish is obtained, calculating the dry weight yield data of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish according to the mass proportion of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish in the whole;|s3: on the basis of obtaining the dry weight yield of the shell and the dry weight yield of soft tissues of a certain shellfish variety, respectively utilizing the carbon content data and the carbon content data of the soft tissues of the shell to calculate the carbon fixation amount of the shell and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissues of the variety;|s4: and adding the carbon fixation amount of the shells and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissues obtained by the calculation in the previous step to obtain the total carbon sink amount generated by the culture of the shellfish variety. | (CN115267109)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fishery carbon sink, and particularly relates to a regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on marine shellfish big data.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] At present, the marine culture industry in China forms a whole industrial chain of new species cultivation, seedling breeding, aquaculture and harvest processing. The mariculture can provide a large amount of high-quality blue marine food, can concentrate on 'ocean negative release', is a win-win human production activity, and is expected to become 'blue carbon capable of realizing industrialization', with great development potential in the future. Cultured shellfish can primarily utilize carbon in the ocean in two ways: one is to directly convert bicarbonate in seawater into calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) shells through calcification, and the other is to synthesize self-substance by filtering and feeding particulate organic carbon (including phytoplankton, micro zooplankton, organic debris, microorganism, etc.) in water body, so as to increase carbon content in organism. The unused organic carbon is settled to the seabed in the form of fecal pellets and pseudo-fecal pellets, and the transportation of the organic carbon to the seabed is accelerated. Thus, we can remove carbon from seawater not only by harvesting the cultured shellfish, but also by the biological and carbonate pumps that culture the shellfish. Thereby achieving the purpose of permanent or semi-permanent carbon sink.|[0003] Most of traditional shellfish carbon transfer statistics are calculated and calculated by a small-scale scientific research institution, a large-scale application path is lacked, domain overall data support is absent, instantaneity is poor, reliability is low and the like, and manual statistics and calculation are needed in most cases; meanwhile, when the conventional statistical device detects the ocean, if the ocean is subjected to a large storm, the detector on the device can be unstable and shake, so that the stable detection of the device on ocean related data is influenced.|[0004] Therefore, the invention provides a regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on marine shellfish big data.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] To remedy the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one of the technical problems set forth in the background is addressed.|[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the invention relates to regional carbon sink statistical equipment based on marine shellfish big data; the detection device comprises a shell, wherein first motors are respectively installed on two sides of the shell, one ends, far away from each other, of the two first motors are respectively connected with a rotating roller through rotating shafts, a group of blades which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode are connected to the side wall of the rotating roller, an arc-shaped sleeve is connected to the top surface of the shell through a support and a connecting rod, a ball head inside the arc-shaped sleeve is connected with a rolling ball, and the bottom end of the rolling ball is connected with a detector; in the prior art, in order to effectively count ocean carbon sinks, intelligent hardware is often required to analyze the area of an operation sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area, but when the existing device detects the ocean, if the device encounters the condition of large wind waves, the detector on the device can generate the condition of instability and shaking, so that the stable detection of the device on relevant ocean data is influenced; according to the invention, the detector is arranged on the shell (the detector can be a position emitter and can emit the position of the detector to the background in real time so as to measure the area of the ocean, meanwhile, a sonar detector can be arranged on the detector so as to detect the depth of the ocean), when a specific ocean area needs to be detected, the first motor drives the blade on the roller to rotate, so that the blade can drive the shell to move forwards to a destination in the process of stirring the seawater, the manual driving of a ship is not needed to detect the relevant ocean area, and when the sea surface fluctuates, the detector can drive the rolling ball to rotate in the arc sleeve under the gravity, so that the position of the detector can be adjusted, the detector is always in a vertical state, the detector can stably and accurately detect the relevant data of the ocean, and a stable and accurate data support can be provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system.|[0007] Preferably, the system also comprises a water surface unit, a water body unit and a seabed unit, wherein the water surface unit takes a solar intelligent floating body as a carrier, the solar intelligent floating body is provided with a solar battery, a GPS module, a data processing module, a communication module, a water quality sensor and a tension sensor, the water quality of a culture area, such as salinity, hp, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and the like, can be monitored through the arranged solar intelligent floating body, meanwhile, the water level can be adjusted through a built-in air pump, a positioning device can monitor the drifting amount of the floating group, and the tension sensor is used for monitoring the weight of the suspension cage; the water body unit takes an intelligent cultivation hanging cage as a carrier, and an ocean current flow velocity monitoring device, an inclination angle monitoring vibration alarm device, an anti-theft alarm device and a GPS tracking module are arranged on the intelligent cultivation hanging cage; the seabed unit takes a seabed deposition carbon fixation sensor as a carrier; through setting up above-mentioned three monitoring unit to fix it in the specific area in ocean, make it to monitor the regional carbon sink quantity, the casing monitor that the cooperation was removed can carry out more detailed monitoring and statistics to the relevant data in ocean.|[0008] Preferably, a sampling cavity is formed in the bottom of the shell, a second motor is installed in the sampling cavity, an output end of the second motor is connected with a winding rope, a sampling port communicated with the sampling cavity is formed in the bottom surface of the sampling cavity, a sampling assembly is arranged at the sampling port, and the sampling assembly is connected with the end portion of the winding rope; when water quality needs to be detected, the second motor drives the furling rope to be lowered, so that the sampling cavity can move to a specific area, water with a specific depth can be sampled through the sampling assembly, and therefore data of carbon sink in an ocean area can be calculated more reasonably and accurately in a mode of respectively detecting water quality with different depths; the sampling assembly comprises a sampling box connected with the winding rope, sampling grooves are respectively formed in the top surface and the bottom surface of the sampling box, a baffle plate is rotatably connected to the end surface of the sampling box on one side of each sampling groove through a torsion spring, the baffle plate can seal the sampling grooves under the action of the torsion spring, and when the sampling box falls from top to bottom in water, the baffle plate rotates under the action of water pressure to enable the sampling grooves to be in an open state; when the sampling assembly descends gradually in the sea, the seawater exerts upward acting force on the baffles at the moment, the two baffles can be simultaneously pushed open, the seawater penetrates through the sampling box, when the sampling box moves to a specific position and stops moving, the impact force of the seawater on the two baffles disappears at the moment, the two baffles can rotate and reset under the action of the torsion spring, and the sampling groove is blocked, the seawater flowing into the sampling box in the area can be stored and stored, when the sampling box is lifted upwards under the pulling force of the winding rope, the seawater can tightly press the baffle at the top end on the surface of the sampling box, the condition that the water at the specific depth in the sampling box flows into the sampling box is reduced, the sampling assembly is impure, the sampling assembly is arranged into the structure, the sampling assembly can automatically open and close by means of falling and rising in the sea, a complex driving device is not needed, the structure of the sampling assembly is simplified, and the probability of obstacles of the sampling assembly is kept firmly.|[0009] Preferably, a detection box is arranged in the sampling cavity, a liquid inlet groove is formed in the side wall, close to the sampling box, of the detection box, a plugging assembly is arranged at the liquid inlet groove, a water quality detector is arranged in the detection box, a liquid outlet groove is formed in the side wall, close to the liquid inlet groove, of the sampling box, the top end of the liquid outlet groove is rotatably connected with a rotating plate through a torsion spring, the rotating plate can plug the liquid outlet groove under the action of the torsion spring, and limiting plates for limiting the movement of the sampling box in the vertical direction are arranged on two sides of the sampling port; when the sampling case still provided water to the in-process of casing, the sea water can compress tightly the commentaries on classics board in play liquid tank one side, reduce the condition of the sea water outflow of specific area in the sampling case, the sampling case can move to detection case department from the detection mouth under the effect of two limiting plates simultaneously, open through control shutoff subassembly and commentaries on classics board this moment, make the water sample of sampling case can flow into in the detection case automatically, and detect through water quality detector, make the water quality testing work of ocean convenient and fast more.|[0010] Preferably, the plugging assembly comprises a plugging plate, a spring is connected between the top end of the plugging plate and the side wall of the detection box, a magnetic plate is arranged on the side wall of the detection box at the liquid inlet groove, an adsorption block attracted with the magnetic plate is connected to the end part of the rotating plate, and when the sampling box moves upwards under the action of the limiting plate, the top surface of the sampling box can be attached to the bottom surface of the plugging plate; when the sampling case from the sample connection upward movement, the sampling case can be with the continuous jack-up that makes progress of shutoff board to make the feed liquor groove open automatically, when the commentaries on classics board moves to magnetic sheet position department simultaneously, the magnetic sheet can be through the attraction to the adsorption block, makes the commentaries on classics board rotate and opens, thereby can make the automatic water sample in the sampling case flow in the detection case, makes going on of the detection of quality of water can be automatic.|[0011] Preferably, the end face of the sampling box corresponding to the free end of the baffle is provided with an elastic piece; when the in-process of sampling case downstream and stopping, because some impurity can be located the position department that sampling case and baffle laminated mutually, lead to this impurity can obstruct the inseparable laminating of baffle tip and sampling case, thereby make the baffle be difficult to carry out effectual shutoff to the sample groove, through setting up the elastic component this moment, make the sampling case when stopping the whereabouts, the baffle tip can support and press on the elastic component surface, make the elastic component sunken deformation, can pop out its surperficial impurity, even there is impurity on the elastic component surface, through the extrusion of baffle, also can make the elastic component inseparable laminate mutually with the baffle, thereby make the sample groove can carry out effectual shutoff, further reduce the condition that the water sample flowed outside taking place at the in-process.|[0012] Preferably, the elastic part is made of a film material, a sealed cavity can be formed between the elastic part and the surface of the sampling box, a sliding sleeve is arranged in the sampling box, a sliding rod is connected in the free end of the sliding sleeve in a sliding manner, the other end of the sliding rod is connected with a baffle at a corresponding position, the inner end of the sliding sleeve is communicated with the inside of the elastic part through a conduit, and when the baffle rotates and does not block the sampling groove, the baffle can drive the sliding rod to slide towards the outer end of the sliding sleeve; in-process that descends in the ocean when the sample chamber, because the sample groove is kept away from to the baffle under the effect of sea water, make the baffle can drive the slide bar to keeping away from the inner side motion of slip table, thereby can take out the inside gas of elastic component through the pipe, when the sample chamber stops the whereabouts, the commentaries on classics board is at the in-process that resets, can take the slide bar to slide to the slide sleeve inner, and with its inside gas impress in the elastic component, thereby make the elastic component can be at the in-process of tympanites, pop out the impurity that exists on the surface, make the baffle can carry out more effective sealing to the sample groove.|[0013] Preferably, a plurality of groups of concave parts are arranged on the surface of the elastic part, and the width of each concave part is gradually increased from the middle part to two sides; when the elastic piece is inflated and expanded, the concave part on the surface of the elastic piece can be instantly opened after being expanded to a certain degree, so that the surface of the elastic piece can shake, and the cleaning of impurities on the surface by the elastic piece is further promoted.|[0014] Preferably, the side wall of the depressed part is symmetrically connected with elastic shifting pieces, the shifting pieces are arranged in an arc shape, the free ends of the shifting pieces bend towards the inner end of the depressed part, and the free ends of the two symmetrical shifting pieces are mutually attached; when the depressed part opened gradually under the effect of atmospheric pressure, the depressed part can drive two plectrum free ends that support and press and pop out in the twinkling of an eye to can play the effect that the bullet flies to the impurity on elastic component surface, further improve the cleanliness on elastic component surface.|[0015] A regional carbon sink statistical method based on marine shellfish big data adopts the statistical equipment, and comprises the following steps:|s1: analyzing the area of the operating sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area through statistical equipment, filling a work log SAAS system through a culture owner, analyzing and counting the aquatic species, specification, density and quality of a culture area according to related data in the SAAS system, simultaneously acquiring a conversion coefficient from the wet weight to the dry weight of a specific shellfish culture variety, and converting the fresh shellfish culture product yield into the dry weight yield; detailed data in the whole culture process is given through the set statistical equipment and the culture SAAS system, and important data support is provided for an ocean carbon sequestration standard system;|s2: after the dry weight yield of certain cultured shellfish is obtained, calculating the dry weight yield data of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish according to the mass proportion of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish in the whole;|s3: on the basis of obtaining the dry weight yield of the shell and the dry weight yield of soft tissues of a certain shellfish variety, respectively utilizing the carbon content data and the carbon content data of the soft tissues of the shell to calculate the carbon fixation amount of the shell and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissues of the variety;|s4: and adding the carbon fixation amount of the shells and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissues obtained by the calculation in the previous step to obtain the total carbon sink amount generated by the culture of the shellfish variety.|[0016] The invention has the following beneficial effects:|1. according to the regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on the marine shellfish big data, provided statistical equipment is arranged to analyze the area of an operation sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area, a culture owner fills in a work log SAAS system, analyzes and counts the aquatic product type, specification, density and quality of a culture area according to relevant data in the SAAS system, estimates the carbon sink quantity, provides detailed data in the whole culture process through the SAAS system, and provides important data support for a marine carbon sink standard system;|2. according to the regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on the marine shellfish big data, provided by the invention, the structure of the sampling assembly is arranged, so that the sampling assembly can be automatically opened and closed by depending on falling and rising in the sea, a complex driving device is not required to be arranged, the structure of the sampling assembly is simplified, and meanwhile, the probability of the sampling assembly being obstructed is adhered to.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.|[0018] The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:|FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;|FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;|FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 2;|FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the elastic member in the second embodiment;|FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a surface unit, a body unit and a seabed unit in the present invention;|FIG. 6 is a diagram of the method steps of the present invention;|FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the process of carbon sequestration for marine shellfish.|[0019] In the figure: the device comprises a shell 1, a first motor 2, a rotating roller 3, a blade 4, a support 5, an arc sleeve 6, a rolling ball 7, a detector 8, a sampling cavity 9, a winding rope 10, a sampling box 11, a sampling groove 12, a baffle 13, a detection box 14, a liquid inlet groove 15, a water quality detector 16, a liquid outlet groove 17, a rotating plate 18, a limiting plate 19, a blocking plate 20, a magnetic plate 21, an adsorption block 22, an elastic piece 23, a sliding sleeve 24, a sliding rod 25, a guide pipe 26, a concave part 27, a shifting sheet 28, a solar intelligent floating body 29, an intelligent cultivation hanging cage 30 and a seabed deposition carbon fixation sensor 31.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0020] The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description so that the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the present invention can be easily understood. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.|[0021] The first embodiment is as follows:|referring to fig. 1-2, a regional carbon sink statistical apparatus based on marine shellfish big data according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; the device comprises a shell 1, wherein first motors 2 are respectively installed on two sides of the shell 1, one ends, away from each other, of the two first motors 2 are respectively connected with a rotating roller 3 through rotating shafts, a group of blades 4 which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode are connected to the side wall of the rotating roller 3, an arc sleeve 6 is connected to the top surface of the shell 1 through a support 5 and a connecting rod, a ball head inside the arc sleeve 6 is connected with a rolling ball 7, and the bottom end of the rolling ball 7 is connected with a detector 8; in the prior art, in order to effectively count ocean carbon sinks, intelligent hardware is often required to analyze the area of an operating sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area, but when the existing device detects the ocean, if the existing device encounters a condition of large storms, the detector 8 on the device can generate an unstable shaking condition, so that the stable detection of the device on ocean related data is influenced; according to the invention, the detector 8 is arranged on the shell 1 (the detector 8 can be a position emitter, the position of the detector 8 is emitted to the background in real time to measure the area of the ocean), meanwhile, the sonar detector 8 can be arranged on the detector 8 to detect the depth of the ocean), when a specific ocean area needs to be detected, the first motor 2 drives the blades 4 on the rotating roller 3 to rotate, so that the blades 4 can drive the shell 1 to move forwards to a destination in the process of stirring the seawater, manual ship driving is not needed to detect the relevant ocean area, when the sea surface fluctuates, the detector 8 can drive the rolling ball 7 to rotate in the arc sleeve 6 under the gravity, the position of the detector 8 can be adjusted, the detector 8 is always in a vertical state, the detector 8 can stably and accurately detect relevant data of the ocean, and stable and accurate data support can be provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system.|[0022] As shown in fig. 5, the system further comprises a water surface unit, a water body unit and a seabed unit, wherein the water surface unit takes a solar intelligent floating body 29 as a carrier, a solar battery, a GPS module, a data processing module, a communication module, a water quality sensor and a tension sensor are arranged on the solar intelligent floating body, the water quality of a culture area, such as salinity, hp, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and the like, can be monitored through the arranged solar intelligent floating body, meanwhile, the water level can be adjusted through a built-in air pump, a positioning device can monitor the drifting amount of the floating group, and the tension sensor is used for monitoring the weight of the suspension cage; the water body unit takes an intelligent cultivation hanging cage 30 as a carrier, and an ocean current flow velocity monitoring device, an inclination angle monitoring vibration alarm device, an anti-theft alarm device and a GPS tracking module are arranged on the intelligent cultivation hanging cage; the seabed unit takes a seabed deposition carbon fixation sensor 31 as a carrier; through setting up above-mentioned three monitoring unit to fix it in the specific area in ocean, make it to monitor the regional carbon sink quantity, the casing monitor that the cooperation was removed can carry out more detailed monitoring and statistics to the relevant data in ocean.|[0023] As shown in fig. 2-3, a sampling cavity 9 is formed at the bottom of the housing 1, a second motor is installed inside the sampling cavity 9, an output end of the second motor is connected with a rolling rope 10, a sampling port communicated with the sampling cavity 9 is formed at the bottom surface of the sampling cavity 9, a sampling assembly is arranged at the sampling port, and the sampling assembly is connected with an end portion of the rolling rope 10; when water quality needs to be detected, the second motor drives the rolling rope 10 to be lowered at the moment, so that the sampling cavity 9 can move to a specific area, water at a specific depth can be sampled through the sampling assembly, and therefore data of carbon sink in an ocean area can be calculated more reasonably and accurately in a mode of respectively detecting water quality at different depths; the sampling assembly comprises a sampling box 11 connected with a furling rope 10, sampling grooves 12 are respectively formed in the top surface and the bottom surface of the sampling box 11, a baffle 13 is rotatably connected to the end surface of the sampling box 11 on one side of each sampling groove 12 through a torsion spring, the baffle 13 can block the sampling grooves 12 under the action of the torsion spring, and when the sampling box 11 falls from top to bottom in water, the baffle 13 rotates under the action of water pressure to enable the sampling grooves 12 to be in an open state; when the sampling assembly gradually descends in the ocean, the seawater exerts upward acting force on the baffles 13 at the moment, so that the two baffles can be simultaneously pushed open, and the seawater passes through the sampling box 11, when the sampling box 11 moves to a specific position and stops moving, at the moment, along with the disappearance of impact force of the seawater on the two baffles 13, the two baffles can rotate and reset under the action of the torsion spring, and the sampling groove 12 is blocked, so that the seawater flowing into the sampling box 11 in the area can be stored and stored, when the sampling box 11 is lifted upwards under the pulling force of the winding rope 10, the seawater can press the baffle 13 at the top end on the surface of the sampling box 11, so that the situation that the external water flows into the sampling box 11 to cause water impurities in the sampling box 11 at a specific depth is reduced, the sampling assembly is set into the structure, so that the working of the sampling assembly can be automatically opened and closed depending on the falling and ascending in the ocean, a complex driving device is not needed, the structure of the sampling assembly is simplified, and the probability of obstacles is kept.|[0024] A detection box 14 is arranged in the sampling cavity 9, a liquid inlet groove 15 is formed in the side wall of the detection box 14 close to the sampling box 11, a plugging component is arranged at the liquid inlet groove 15, a water quality detector 16 is arranged in the detection box 14, a liquid outlet groove 17 is formed in the side wall of the sampling box 11 close to the liquid inlet groove 15, the top end of the liquid outlet groove 17 is rotatably connected with a rotating plate 18 through a torsion spring, the rotating plate 18 can plug the liquid outlet groove 17 under the action of the torsion spring, and limiting plates 19 for limiting the movement of the sampling box 11 in the vertical direction are arranged on two sides of the sampling port; when the sampling box 11 is used for providing water to the shell 1, the rotating plate 18 can be tightly pressed on one side of the liquid outlet tank 17 by seawater, the outflow of seawater in a specific area in the sampling box 11 is reduced, meanwhile, the sampling box 11 can move to the detection box 14 from the detection port under the action of the two limiting plates 19, and at the moment, the plugging component and the rotating plate 18 are controlled to be opened, so that a water sample of the sampling box 11 can automatically flow into the detection box 14 and is detected by the water quality detector 16, and the marine water quality detection work is more convenient and faster.|[0025] The plugging assembly comprises a plugging plate 20, a spring is connected between the top end of the plugging plate 20 and the side wall of the detection box 14, a magnetic plate 21 is arranged on the side wall of the detection box 14 at the liquid inlet groove 15, an adsorption block 22 attracted with the magnetic plate 21 is connected to the end part of the rotating plate 18, and when the sampling box 11 moves upwards under the action of the limiting plate 19, the top surface of the sampling box 11 can be attached to the bottom surface of the plugging plate 20; when the sampling box 11 moves upwards from the sampling opening, the plugging plate 20 can be continuously jacked upwards by the sampling box 11, so that the liquid inlet tank 15 is automatically opened, and when the rotating plate 18 moves to the position of the magnetic plate 21, the magnetic plate 21 can attract the adsorption block 22 to rotate and open the rotating plate 18, so that a water sample in the sampling box 11 can automatically flow into the detection box 14, and the detection work of the water quality can be automatically carried out.|[0026] An elastic piece 23 is arranged on the end face of the sampling box 11 corresponding to the free end of the baffle 13; when the sampling box 11 moves downwards and stops, a part of impurities can be located at a position where the sampling box 11 is attached to the baffle 13, so that the impurities can prevent the end of the baffle 13 from being tightly attached to the sampling box 11, and therefore the baffle 13 is difficult to effectively seal the sampling slot 12.|[0027] The elastic piece 23 is made of a film material, a sealed cavity can be formed between the elastic piece 23 and the surface of the sampling box 11, a sliding sleeve 24 is arranged in the sampling box 11, a sliding rod 25 is connected in the free end of the sliding sleeve 24 in a sliding manner, the other end of the sliding rod 25 is connected with a baffle 13 at a corresponding position, the inner end of the sliding sleeve 24 is communicated with the inside of the elastic piece 23 through a conduit 26, and when the baffle 13 rotates and does not block the sampling groove 12 any more, the baffle 13 can drive the sliding rod 25 to slide towards the outer end of the sliding sleeve 24; when the sampling box 11 descends in the ocean, the baffle 13 is far away from the sampling groove 12 under the action of seawater, so that the baffle 13 can drive the sliding rod 25 to move towards one side far away from the inner end of the sliding table, the gas in the elastic part 23 can be pumped out through the guide pipe 26, when the sampling box 11 stops descending, the rotating plate 18 can drive the sliding rod 25 to slide towards the inner end of the sliding sleeve 24 and press the gas in the sliding sleeve into the elastic part 23 in the resetting process, and therefore the elastic part 23 can pop out impurities on the surface in the swelling process, and the baffle 13 can more effectively seal the sampling groove 12.|[0028] The second embodiment:|as shown in fig. 4, a first comparative example, in which another embodiment of the present invention is: the surface of the elastic piece 23 is provided with a plurality of groups of concave parts 27, and the width of the concave parts 27 is gradually increased from the middle part to two sides; when the elastic member 23 swells during inflation, the concave portion 27 on the surface of the elastic member 23 will open instantly after swelling to a certain extent, so that the surface of the elastic member 23 can play a role of shaking, and cleaning of surface impurities by the elastic member 23 is further promoted.|[0029] The side wall of the depressed part 27 is symmetrically connected with elastic shifting sheets 28, the shifting sheets 28 are arranged in an arc shape, the free ends of the shifting sheets 28 are bent towards the inner end of the depressed part 27, and meanwhile, the free ends of the two symmetrical shifting sheets 28 are mutually attached; when the recessed portion 27 is gradually opened under the action of air pressure, the recessed portion 27 can drive the free ends of the two abutting shifting pieces 28 to pop up instantly, so that the impurity on the surface of the elastic piece 23 can be bounced off, and the cleanliness of the surface of the elastic piece 23 is further improved.|[0030] As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the regional carbon sink statistical method based on the marine shellfish big data, which is provided by the invention, adopts the statistical equipment, and comprises the following steps:|s1: analyzing the area of the operating sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area through statistical equipment, filling a work log SAAS system through a culture owner, analyzing and counting the aquatic species, specification, density and quality of a culture area according to related data in the SAAS system, simultaneously acquiring a conversion coefficient from the wet weight to the dry weight of a specific shellfish culture variety, and converting the fresh shellfish culture product yield into the dry weight yield; detailed data in the whole culture process is given through the set statistical equipment and the culture SAAS system, and important data support is provided for an ocean carbon sequestration standard system;|s2: after the dry weight yield of certain cultured shellfish is obtained, calculating the dry weight yield data of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish according to the mass proportion of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish in the whole;|s3: on the basis of obtaining the dry weight yield and the soft tissue dry weight yield of a shell of a certain shellfish variety, respectively utilizing carbon content data and soft tissue carbon content data in the shell of the variety to calculate the carbon fixation amount of the shell of the variety and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissue;|s4: and adding the carbon fixation amount of the shells and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissues obtained by the calculation in the previous step to obtain the total carbon sink amount generated by the culture of the shellfish variety.|[0031] The working principle is as follows: according to the invention, the detector 8 is arranged on the shell 1 (the detector 8 can be a position emitter, the position of the detector 8 is emitted to the background in real time to measure the area of the ocean, meanwhile, the sonar detector 8 can be arranged on the detector 8 to detect the depth of the ocean), when a specific ocean area needs to be detected, the first motor 2 drives the blade 4 on the rotating roller 3 to rotate, so that the blade 4 can drive the shell 1 to move forwards to a destination in the process of stirring the seawater, manual ship driving is not needed to detect the relevant ocean area, when the sea surface fluctuates, the detector 8 can drive the rolling ball 7 to rotate in the arc sleeve 6 under the gravity, the position of the detector 8 can be adjusted, the detector 8 is always in a vertical state, the detector 8 can stably and accurately detect relevant ocean data, and stable and accurate data support can be provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system; when water quality needs to be detected, the second motor drives the rolling rope 10 to be lowered at the moment, so that the sampling cavity 9 can move to a specific area, water at a specific depth can be sampled through the sampling assembly, and therefore data of carbon sink in an ocean area can be calculated more reasonably and accurately in a mode of respectively detecting water quality at different depths; when the sampling assembly gradually descends in the ocean, the seawater exerts upward acting force on the baffles 13 at the moment, so that the two baffles can be simultaneously pushed open, and the seawater passes through the sampling box 11, when the sampling box 11 moves to a specific position and stops moving, at the moment, along with the disappearance of the impact force of the seawater on the two baffles 13, the two baffles can rotate and reset under the action of the torsion spring, and the sampling groove 12 is blocked, so that the seawater flowing into the sampling box 11 in the area can be stored and preserved, when the sampling box 11 is lifted upwards under the pulling force of the winding rope 10, the seawater can press the baffle 13 at the top end on the surface of the sampling box 11, so that the situation that the external water flows into the sampling box 11 and water at a specific depth in the sampling box 11 is impure is reduced, the sampling assembly is set into the structure, so that the working of the sampling assembly can be automatically opened and closed depending on the falling and ascending in the ocean, a complex driving device is not needed, the structure of the sampling assembly is simplified, and the probability of obstacles is kept in the sampling assembly; when the sampling box 11 is used for lifting water out of the shell 1, the rotating plate 18 can be tightly pressed by seawater on one side of the liquid outlet tank 17, the outflow of seawater in a specific area in the sampling box 11 is reduced, meanwhile, the sampling box 11 can move to the detection box 14 from the detection port under the action of the two limiting plates 19, and at the moment, the plugging component and the rotating plate 18 are controlled to be opened, so that a water sample in the sampling box 11 can automatically flow into the detection box 14 and can be detected by the water quality detector 16, and the water quality detection work of the ocean is more convenient and faster; when the sampling box 11 moves upwards from the sampling opening, the plugging plate 20 can be continuously jacked upwards by the sampling box 11, so that the liquid inlet tank 15 is automatically opened, and meanwhile, when the rotating plate 18 moves to the position of the magnetic plate 21, the magnetic plate 21 can attract the adsorption block 22 to ensure that the rotating plate 18 rotates and opens, so that a water sample in the sampling box 11 can automatically flow into the detection box 14, and the water quality detection work can be automatically carried out; when the sampling box 11 moves downwards and stops, because a part of impurities can be located at the position where the sampling box 11 is attached to the baffle 13, the impurities can prevent the end part of the baffle 13 from being tightly attached to the sampling box 11, so that the baffle 13 is difficult to effectively block the sampling slot 12, at this time, by arranging the elastic piece 23, when the sampling box 11 stops falling, the end part of the baffle 13 can be pressed against the surface of the elastic piece 23, so that the elastic piece 23 is sunken and deformed, the impurities on the surface of the elastic piece can be ejected, even if the surface of the elastic piece 23 has impurities, the elastic piece 23 can be tightly attached to the baffle 13 by the extrusion of the baffle 13, so that the sampling slot 12 can effectively block a water sample, and further, the condition that the outflow occurs in the taking-out process is reduced; when the sampling box 11 descends in the ocean, the baffle 13 is far away from the sampling groove 12 under the action of seawater, so that the baffle 13 can drive the sliding rod 25 to move towards one side far away from the inner end of the sliding table, and the gas in the elastic part 23 can be pumped out through the guide pipe 26, when the sampling box 11 stops descending, the rotating plate 18 can drive the sliding rod 25 to slide towards the inner end of the sliding sleeve 24 and press the gas in the sliding sleeve into the elastic part 23 in the resetting process, so that the elastic part 23 can pop out impurities on the surface in the swelling process, and the baffle 13 can more effectively seal the sampling groove 12; when the elastic member 23 swells during inflation, the concave part 27 on the surface of the elastic member 23 can be instantly opened after swelling to a certain extent, so that the surface of the elastic member 23 can play a shaking effect, and the cleaning of surface impurities by the elastic member 23 is further promoted; when the recessed portion 27 is gradually opened under the action of air pressure, the recessed portion 27 can drive the free ends of the two abutting shifting pieces 28 to pop up instantly, so that the impurity on the surface of the elastic piece 23 can be bounced off, and the cleanliness of the surface of the elastic piece 23 is further improved.|[0032] The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. | (CN115267109)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fishery carbon sink, and particularly relates to a regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on marine shellfish big data.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] At present, the marine culture industry in China forms a whole industrial chain of new species cultivation, seedling breeding, aquaculture and harvest processing. The mariculture can provide a large amount of high-quality blue marine food, can concentrate on 'ocean negative release', is a win-win human production activity, and is expected to become 'blue carbon capable of realizing industrialization', with great development potential in the future. Cultured shellfish can primarily utilize carbon in the ocean in two ways: one is to directly convert bicarbonate in seawater into calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) shells through calcification, and the other is to synthesize self-substance by filtering and feeding particulate organic carbon (including phytoplankton, micro zooplankton, organic debris, microorganism, etc.) in water body, so as to increase carbon content in organism. The unused organic carbon is settled to the seabed in the form of fecal pellets and pseudo-fecal pellets, and the transportation of the organic carbon to the seabed is accelerated. Thus, we can remove carbon from seawater not only by harvesting the cultured shellfish, but also by the biological and carbonate pumps that culture the shellfish. Thereby achieving the purpose of permanent or semi-permanent carbon sink.|[0003] Most of traditional shellfish carbon transfer statistics are calculated and calculated by a small-scale scientific research institution, a large-scale application path is lacked, domain overall data support is absent, instantaneity is poor, reliability is low and the like, and manual statistics and calculation are needed in most cases; meanwhile, when the conventional statistical device detects the ocean, if the ocean is subjected to a large storm, the detector on the device can be unstable and shake, so that the stable detection of the device on ocean related data is influenced.|[0004] Therefore, the invention provides a regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on marine shellfish big data.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] To remedy the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one of the technical problems set forth in the background is addressed.|[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the invention relates to regional carbon sink statistical equipment based on marine shellfish big data; the detection device comprises a shell, wherein first motors are respectively installed on two sides of the shell, one ends, far away from each other, of the two first motors are respectively connected with a rotating roller through rotating shafts, a group of blades which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode are connected to the side wall of the rotating roller, an arc-shaped sleeve is connected to the top surface of the shell through a support and a connecting rod, a ball head inside the arc-shaped sleeve is connected with a rolling ball, and the bottom end of the rolling ball is connected with a detector; in the prior art, in order to effectively count ocean carbon sinks, intelligent hardware is often required to analyze the area of an operation sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area, but when the existing device detects the ocean, if the device encounters the condition of large wind waves, the detector on the device can generate the condition of instability and shaking, so that the stable detection of the device on relevant ocean data is influenced; according to the invention, the detector is arranged on the shell (the detector can be a position emitter and can emit the position of the detector to the background in real time so as to measure the area of the ocean, meanwhile, a sonar detector can be arranged on the detector so as to detect the depth of the ocean), when a specific ocean area needs to be detected, the first motor drives the blade on the roller to rotate, so that the blade can drive the shell to move forwards to a destination in the process of stirring the seawater, the manual driving of a ship is not needed to detect the relevant ocean area, and when the sea surface fluctuates, the detector can drive the rolling ball to rotate in the arc sleeve under the gravity, so that the position of the detector can be adjusted, the detector is always in a vertical state, the detector can stably and accurately detect the relevant data of the ocean, and a stable and accurate data support can be provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system.|[0007] Preferably, the system also comprises a water surface unit, a water body unit and a seabed unit, wherein the water surface unit takes a solar intelligent floating body as a carrier, the solar intelligent floating body is provided with a solar battery, a GPS module, a data processing module, a communication module, a water quality sensor and a tension sensor, the water quality of a culture area, such as salinity, hp, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and the like, can be monitored through the arranged solar intelligent floating body, meanwhile, the water level can be adjusted through a built-in air pump, a positioning device can monitor the drifting amount of the floating group, and the tension sensor is used for monitoring the weight of the suspension cage; the water body unit takes an intelligent cultivation hanging cage as a carrier, and an ocean current flow velocity monitoring device, an inclination angle monitoring vibration alarm device, an anti-theft alarm device and a GPS tracking module are arranged on the intelligent cultivation hanging cage; the seabed unit takes a seabed deposition carbon fixation sensor as a carrier; through setting up above-mentioned three monitoring unit to fix it in the specific area in ocean, make it to monitor the regional carbon sink quantity, the casing monitor that the cooperation was removed can carry out more detailed monitoring and statistics to the relevant data in ocean.|[0008] Preferably, a sampling cavity is formed in the bottom of the shell, a second motor is installed in the sampling cavity, an output end of the second motor is connected with a winding rope, a sampling port communicated with the sampling cavity is formed in the bottom surface of the sampling cavity, a sampling assembly is arranged at the sampling port, and the sampling assembly is connected with the end portion of the winding rope; when water quality needs to be detected, the second motor drives the furling rope to be lowered, so that the sampling cavity can move to a specific area, water with a specific depth can be sampled through the sampling assembly, and therefore data of carbon sink in an ocean area can be calculated more reasonably and accurately in a mode of respectively detecting water quality with different depths; the sampling assembly comprises a sampling box connected with the winding rope, sampling grooves are respectively formed in the top surface and the bottom surface of the sampling box, a baffle plate is rotatably connected to the end surface of the sampling box on one side of each sampling groove through a torsion spring, the baffle plate can seal the sampling grooves under the action of the torsion spring, and when the sampling box falls from top to bottom in water, the baffle plate rotates under the action of water pressure to enable the sampling grooves to be in an open state; when the sampling assembly descends gradually in the sea, the seawater exerts upward acting force on the baffles at the moment, the two baffles can be simultaneously pushed open, the seawater penetrates through the sampling box, when the sampling box moves to a specific position and stops moving, the impact force of the seawater on the two baffles disappears at the moment, the two baffles can rotate and reset under the action of the torsion spring, and the sampling groove is blocked, the seawater flowing into the sampling box in the area can be stored and stored, when the sampling box is lifted upwards under the pulling force of the winding rope, the seawater can tightly press the baffle at the top end on the surface of the sampling box, the condition that the water at the specific depth in the sampling box flows into the sampling box is reduced, the sampling assembly is impure, the sampling assembly is arranged into the structure, the sampling assembly can automatically open and close by means of falling and rising in the sea, a complex driving device is not needed, the structure of the sampling assembly is simplified, and the probability of obstacles of the sampling assembly is kept firmly.|[0009] Preferably, a detection box is arranged in the sampling cavity, a liquid inlet groove is formed in the side wall, close to the sampling box, of the detection box, a plugging assembly is arranged at the liquid inlet groove, a water quality detector is arranged in the detection box, a liquid outlet groove is formed in the side wall, close to the liquid inlet groove, of the sampling box, the top end of the liquid outlet groove is rotatably connected with a rotating plate through a torsion spring, the rotating plate can plug the liquid outlet groove under the action of the torsion spring, and limiting plates for limiting the movement of the sampling box in the vertical direction are arranged on two sides of the sampling port; when the sampling case still provided water to the in-process of casing, the sea water can compress tightly the commentaries on classics board in play liquid tank one side, reduce the condition of the sea water outflow of specific area in the sampling case, the sampling case can move to detection case department from the detection mouth under the effect of two limiting plates simultaneously, open through control shutoff subassembly and commentaries on classics board this moment, make the water sample of sampling case can flow into in the detection case automatically, and detect through water quality detector, make the water quality testing work of ocean convenient and fast more.|[0010] Preferably, the plugging assembly comprises a plugging plate, a spring is connected between the top end of the plugging plate and the side wall of the detection box, a magnetic plate is arranged on the side wall of the detection box at the liquid inlet groove, an adsorption block attracted with the magnetic plate is connected to the end part of the rotating plate, and when the sampling box moves upwards under the action of the limiting plate, the top surface of the sampling box can be attached to the bottom surface of the plugging plate; when the sampling case from the sample connection upward movement, the sampling case can be with the continuous jack-up that makes progress of shutoff board to make the feed liquor groove open automatically, when the commentaries on classics board moves to magnetic sheet position department simultaneously, the magnetic sheet can be through the attraction to the adsorption block, makes the commentaries on classics board rotate and opens, thereby can make the automatic water sample in the sampling case flow in the detection case, makes going on of the detection of quality of water can be automatic.|[0011] Preferably, the end face of the sampling box corresponding to the free end of the baffle is provided with an elastic piece; when the in-process of sampling case downstream and stopping, because some impurity can be located the position department that sampling case and baffle laminated mutually, lead to this impurity can obstruct the inseparable laminating of baffle tip and sampling case, thereby make the baffle be difficult to carry out effectual shutoff to the sample groove, through setting up the elastic component this moment, make the sampling case when stopping the whereabouts, the baffle tip can support and press on the elastic component surface, make the elastic component sunken deformation, can pop out its surperficial impurity, even there is impurity on the elastic component surface, through the extrusion of baffle, also can make the elastic component inseparable laminate mutually with the baffle, thereby make the sample groove can carry out effectual shutoff, further reduce the condition that the water sample flowed outside taking place at the in-process.|[0012] Preferably, the elastic part is made of a film material, a sealed cavity can be formed between the elastic part and the surface of the sampling box, a sliding sleeve is arranged in the sampling box, a sliding rod is connected in the free end of the sliding sleeve in a sliding manner, the other end of the sliding rod is connected with a baffle at a corresponding position, the inner end of the sliding sleeve is communicated with the inside of the elastic part through a conduit, and when the baffle rotates and does not block the sampling groove, the baffle can drive the sliding rod to slide towards the outer end of the sliding sleeve; in-process that descends in the ocean when the sample chamber, because the sample groove is kept away from to the baffle under the effect of sea water, make the baffle can drive the slide bar to keeping away from the inner side motion of slip table, thereby can take out the inside gas of elastic component through the pipe, when the sample chamber stops the whereabouts, the commentaries on classics board is at the in-process that resets, can take the slide bar to slide to the slide sleeve inner, and with its inside gas impress in the elastic component, thereby make the elastic component can be at the in-process of tympanites, pop out the impurity that exists on the surface, make the baffle can carry out more effective sealing to the sample groove.|[0013] Preferably, a plurality of groups of concave parts are arranged on the surface of the elastic part, and the width of each concave part is gradually increased from the middle part to two sides; when the elastic piece is inflated and expanded, the concave part on the surface of the elastic piece can be instantly opened after being expanded to a certain degree, so that the surface of the elastic piece can shake, and the cleaning of impurities on the surface by the elastic piece is further promoted.|[0014] Preferably, the side wall of the depressed part is symmetrically connected with elastic shifting pieces, the shifting pieces are arranged in an arc shape, the free ends of the shifting pieces bend towards the inner end of the depressed part, and the free ends of the two symmetrical shifting pieces are mutually attached; when the depressed part opened gradually under the effect of atmospheric pressure, the depressed part can drive two plectrum free ends that support and press and pop out in the twinkling of an eye to can play the effect that the bullet flies to the impurity on elastic component surface, further improve the cleanliness on elastic component surface.|[0015] A regional carbon sink statistical method based on marine shellfish big data adopts the statistical equipment, and comprises the following steps:|s1: analyzing the area of the operating sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area through statistical equipment, filling a work log SAAS system through a culture owner, analyzing and counting the aquatic species, specification, density and quality of a culture area according to related data in the SAAS system, simultaneously acquiring a conversion coefficient from the wet weight to the dry weight of a specific shellfish culture variety, and converting the fresh shellfish culture product yield into the dry weight yield; detailed data in the whole culture process is given through the set statistical equipment and the culture SAAS system, and important data support is provided for an ocean carbon sequestration standard system;|s2: after the dry weight yield of certain cultured shellfish is obtained, calculating the dry weight yield data of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish according to the mass proportion of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish in the whole;|s3: on the basis of obtaining the dry weight yield of the shell and the dry weight yield of soft tissues of a certain shellfish variety, respectively utilizing the carbon content data and the carbon content data of the soft tissues of the shell to calculate the carbon fixation amount of the shell and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissues of the variety;|s4: and adding the carbon fixation amount of the shells and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissues obtained by the calculation in the previous step to obtain the total carbon sink amount generated by the culture of the shellfish variety.|[0016] The invention has the following beneficial effects:|1. according to the regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on the marine shellfish big data, provided statistical equipment is arranged to analyze the area of an operation sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area, a culture owner fills in a work log SAAS system, analyzes and counts the aquatic product type, specification, density and quality of a culture area according to relevant data in the SAAS system, estimates the carbon sink quantity, provides detailed data in the whole culture process through the SAAS system, and provides important data support for a marine carbon sink standard system;|2. according to the regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on the marine shellfish big data, provided by the invention, the structure of the sampling assembly is arranged, so that the sampling assembly can be automatically opened and closed by depending on falling and rising in the sea, a complex driving device is not required to be arranged, the structure of the sampling assembly is simplified, and meanwhile, the probability of the sampling assembly being obstructed is adhered to.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.|[0018] The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:|FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;|FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;|FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 2;|FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the elastic member in the second embodiment;|FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a surface unit, a body unit and a seabed unit in the present invention;|FIG. 6 is a diagram of the method steps of the present invention;|FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the process of carbon sequestration for marine shellfish.|[0019] In the figure: the device comprises a shell 1, a first motor 2, a rotating roller 3, a blade 4, a support 5, an arc sleeve 6, a rolling ball 7, a detector 8, a sampling cavity 9, a winding rope 10, a sampling box 11, a sampling groove 12, a baffle 13, a detection box 14, a liquid inlet groove 15, a water quality detector 16, a liquid outlet groove 17, a rotating plate 18, a limiting plate 19, a blocking plate 20, a magnetic plate 21, an adsorption block 22, an elastic piece 23, a sliding sleeve 24, a sliding rod 25, a guide pipe 26, a concave part 27, a shifting sheet 28, a solar intelligent floating body 29, an intelligent cultivation hanging cage 30 and a seabed deposition carbon fixation sensor 31.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0020] The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description so that the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the present invention can be easily understood. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.|[0021] The first embodiment is as follows:|referring to fig. 1-2, a regional carbon sink statistical apparatus based on marine shellfish big data according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; the device comprises a shell 1, wherein first motors 2 are respectively installed on two sides of the shell 1, one ends, away from each other, of the two first motors 2 are respectively connected with a rotating roller 3 through rotating shafts, a group of blades 4 which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode are connected to the side wall of the rotating roller 3, an arc sleeve 6 is connected to the top surface of the shell 1 through a support 5 and a connecting rod, a ball head inside the arc sleeve 6 is connected with a rolling ball 7, and the bottom end of the rolling ball 7 is connected with a detector 8; in the prior art, in order to effectively count ocean carbon sinks, intelligent hardware is often required to analyze the area of an operating sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area, but when the existing device detects the ocean, if the existing device encounters a condition of large storms, the detector 8 on the device can generate an unstable shaking condition, so that the stable detection of the device on ocean related data is influenced; according to the invention, the detector 8 is arranged on the shell 1 (the detector 8 can be a position emitter, the position of the detector 8 is emitted to the background in real time to measure the area of the ocean), meanwhile, the sonar detector 8 can be arranged on the detector 8 to detect the depth of the ocean), when a specific ocean area needs to be detected, the first motor 2 drives the blades 4 on the rotating roller 3 to rotate, so that the blades 4 can drive the shell 1 to move forwards to a destination in the process of stirring the seawater, manual ship driving is not needed to detect the relevant ocean area, when the sea surface fluctuates, the detector 8 can drive the rolling ball 7 to rotate in the arc sleeve 6 under the gravity, the position of the detector 8 can be adjusted, the detector 8 is always in a vertical state, the detector 8 can stably and accurately detect relevant data of the ocean, and stable and accurate data support can be provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system.|[0022] As shown in fig. 5, the system further comprises a water surface unit, a water body unit and a seabed unit, wherein the water surface unit takes a solar intelligent floating body 29 as a carrier, a solar battery, a GPS module, a data processing module, a communication module, a water quality sensor and a tension sensor are arranged on the solar intelligent floating body, the water quality of a culture area, such as salinity, hp, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and the like, can be monitored through the arranged solar intelligent floating body, meanwhile, the water level can be adjusted through a built-in air pump, a positioning device can monitor the drifting amount of the floating group, and the tension sensor is used for monitoring the weight of the suspension cage; the water body unit takes an intelligent cultivation hanging cage 30 as a carrier, and an ocean current flow velocity monitoring device, an inclination angle monitoring vibration alarm device, an anti-theft alarm device and a GPS tracking module are arranged on the intelligent cultivation hanging cage; the seabed unit takes a seabed deposition carbon fixation sensor 31 as a carrier; through setting up above-mentioned three monitoring unit to fix it in the specific area in ocean, make it to monitor the regional carbon sink quantity, the casing monitor that the cooperation was removed can carry out more detailed monitoring and statistics to the relevant data in ocean.|[0023] As shown in fig. 2-3, a sampling cavity 9 is formed at the bottom of the housing 1, a second motor is installed inside the sampling cavity 9, an output end of the second motor is connected with a rolling rope 10, a sampling port communicated with the sampling cavity 9 is formed at the bottom surface of the sampling cavity 9, a sampling assembly is arranged at the sampling port, and the sampling assembly is connected with an end portion of the rolling rope 10; when water quality needs to be detected, the second motor drives the rolling rope 10 to be lowered at the moment, so that the sampling cavity 9 can move to a specific area, water at a specific depth can be sampled through the sampling assembly, and therefore data of carbon sink in an ocean area can be calculated more reasonably and accurately in a mode of respectively detecting water quality at different depths; the sampling assembly comprises a sampling box 11 connected with a furling rope 10, sampling grooves 12 are respectively formed in the top surface and the bottom surface of the sampling box 11, a baffle 13 is rotatably connected to the end surface of the sampling box 11 on one side of each sampling groove 12 through a torsion spring, the baffle 13 can block the sampling grooves 12 under the action of the torsion spring, and when the sampling box 11 falls from top to bottom in water, the baffle 13 rotates under the action of water pressure to enable the sampling grooves 12 to be in an open state; when the sampling assembly gradually descends in the ocean, the seawater exerts upward acting force on the baffles 13 at the moment, so that the two baffles can be simultaneously pushed open, and the seawater passes through the sampling box 11, when the sampling box 11 moves to a specific position and stops moving, at the moment, along with the disappearance of impact force of the seawater on the two baffles 13, the two baffles can rotate and reset under the action of the torsion spring, and the sampling groove 12 is blocked, so that the seawater flowing into the sampling box 11 in the area can be stored and stored, when the sampling box 11 is lifted upwards under the pulling force of the winding rope 10, the seawater can press the baffle 13 at the top end on the surface of the sampling box 11, so that the situation that the external water flows into the sampling box 11 to cause water impurities in the sampling box 11 at a specific depth is reduced, the sampling assembly is set into the structure, so that the working of the sampling assembly can be automatically opened and closed depending on the falling and ascending in the ocean, a complex driving device is not needed, the structure of the sampling assembly is simplified, and the probability of obstacles is kept.|[0024] A detection box 14 is arranged in the sampling cavity 9, a liquid inlet groove 15 is formed in the side wall of the detection box 14 close to the sampling box 11, a plugging component is arranged at the liquid inlet groove 15, a water quality detector 16 is arranged in the detection box 14, a liquid outlet groove 17 is formed in the side wall of the sampling box 11 close to the liquid inlet groove 15, the top end of the liquid outlet groove 17 is rotatably connected with a rotating plate 18 through a torsion spring, the rotating plate 18 can plug the liquid outlet groove 17 under the action of the torsion spring, and limiting plates 19 for limiting the movement of the sampling box 11 in the vertical direction are arranged on two sides of the sampling port; when the sampling box 11 is used for providing water to the shell 1, the rotating plate 18 can be tightly pressed on one side of the liquid outlet tank 17 by seawater, the outflow of seawater in a specific area in the sampling box 11 is reduced, meanwhile, the sampling box 11 can move to the detection box 14 from the detection port under the action of the two limiting plates 19, and at the moment, the plugging component and the rotating plate 18 are controlled to be opened, so that a water sample of the sampling box 11 can automatically flow into the detection box 14 and is detected by the water quality detector 16, and the marine water quality detection work is more convenient and faster.|[0025] The plugging assembly comprises a plugging plate 20, a spring is connected between the top end of the plugging plate 20 and the side wall of the detection box 14, a magnetic plate 21 is arranged on the side wall of the detection box 14 at the liquid inlet groove 15, an adsorption block 22 attracted with the magnetic plate 21 is connected to the end part of the rotating plate 18, and when the sampling box 11 moves upwards under the action of the limiting plate 19, the top surface of the sampling box 11 can be attached to the bottom surface of the plugging plate 20; when the sampling box 11 moves upwards from the sampling opening, the plugging plate 20 can be continuously jacked upwards by the sampling box 11, so that the liquid inlet tank 15 is automatically opened, and when the rotating plate 18 moves to the position of the magnetic plate 21, the magnetic plate 21 can attract the adsorption block 22 to rotate and open the rotating plate 18, so that a water sample in the sampling box 11 can automatically flow into the detection box 14, and the detection work of the water quality can be automatically carried out.|[0026] An elastic piece 23 is arranged on the end face of the sampling box 11 corresponding to the free end of the baffle 13; when the sampling box 11 moves downwards and stops, a part of impurities can be located at a position where the sampling box 11 is attached to the baffle 13, so that the impurities can prevent the end of the baffle 13 from being tightly attached to the sampling box 11, and therefore the baffle 13 is difficult to effectively seal the sampling slot 12.|[0027] The elastic piece 23 is made of a film material, a sealed cavity can be formed between the elastic piece 23 and the surface of the sampling box 11, a sliding sleeve 24 is arranged in the sampling box 11, a sliding rod 25 is connected in the free end of the sliding sleeve 24 in a sliding manner, the other end of the sliding rod 25 is connected with a baffle 13 at a corresponding position, the inner end of the sliding sleeve 24 is communicated with the inside of the elastic piece 23 through a conduit 26, and when the baffle 13 rotates and does not block the sampling groove 12 any more, the baffle 13 can drive the sliding rod 25 to slide towards the outer end of the sliding sleeve 24; when the sampling box 11 descends in the ocean, the baffle 13 is far away from the sampling groove 12 under the action of seawater, so that the baffle 13 can drive the sliding rod 25 to move towards one side far away from the inner end of the sliding table, the gas in the elastic part 23 can be pumped out through the guide pipe 26, when the sampling box 11 stops descending, the rotating plate 18 can drive the sliding rod 25 to slide towards the inner end of the sliding sleeve 24 and press the gas in the sliding sleeve into the elastic part 23 in the resetting process, and therefore the elastic part 23 can pop out impurities on the surface in the swelling process, and the baffle 13 can more effectively seal the sampling groove 12.|[0028] The second embodiment:|as shown in fig. 4, a first comparative example, in which another embodiment of the present invention is: the surface of the elastic piece 23 is provided with a plurality of groups of concave parts 27, and the width of the concave parts 27 is gradually increased from the middle part to two sides; when the elastic member 23 swells during inflation, the concave portion 27 on the surface of the elastic member 23 will open instantly after swelling to a certain extent, so that the surface of the elastic member 23 can play a role of shaking, and cleaning of surface impurities by the elastic member 23 is further promoted.|[0029] The side wall of the depressed part 27 is symmetrically connected with elastic shifting sheets 28, the shifting sheets 28 are arranged in an arc shape, the free ends of the shifting sheets 28 are bent towards the inner end of the depressed part 27, and meanwhile, the free ends of the two symmetrical shifting sheets 28 are mutually attached; when the recessed portion 27 is gradually opened under the action of air pressure, the recessed portion 27 can drive the free ends of the two abutting shifting pieces 28 to pop up instantly, so that the impurity on the surface of the elastic piece 23 can be bounced off, and the cleanliness of the surface of the elastic piece 23 is further improved.|[0030] As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the regional carbon sink statistical method based on the marine shellfish big data, which is provided by the invention, adopts the statistical equipment, and comprises the following steps:|s1: analyzing the area of the operating sea area and the water quality condition of the sea area through statistical equipment, filling a work log SAAS system through a culture owner, analyzing and counting the aquatic species, specification, density and quality of a culture area according to related data in the SAAS system, simultaneously acquiring a conversion coefficient from the wet weight to the dry weight of a specific shellfish culture variety, and converting the fresh shellfish culture product yield into the dry weight yield; detailed data in the whole culture process is given through the set statistical equipment and the culture SAAS system, and important data support is provided for an ocean carbon sequestration standard system;|s2: after the dry weight yield of certain cultured shellfish is obtained, calculating the dry weight yield data of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish according to the mass proportion of the shells and the soft tissue of the cultured shellfish in the whole;|s3: on the basis of obtaining the dry weight yield and the soft tissue dry weight yield of a shell of a certain shellfish variety, respectively utilizing carbon content data and soft tissue carbon content data in the shell of the variety to calculate the carbon fixation amount of the shell of the variety and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissue;|s4: and adding the carbon fixation amount of the shells and the carbon fixation amount of the soft tissues obtained by the calculation in the previous step to obtain the total carbon sink amount generated by the culture of the shellfish variety.|[0031] The working principle is as follows: according to the invention, the detector 8 is arranged on the shell 1 (the detector 8 can be a position emitter, the position of the detector 8 is emitted to the background in real time to measure the area of the ocean, meanwhile, the sonar detector 8 can be arranged on the detector 8 to detect the depth of the ocean), when a specific ocean area needs to be detected, the first motor 2 drives the blade 4 on the rotating roller 3 to rotate, so that the blade 4 can drive the shell 1 to move forwards to a destination in the process of stirring the seawater, manual ship driving is not needed to detect the relevant ocean area, when the sea surface fluctuates, the detector 8 can drive the rolling ball 7 to rotate in the arc sleeve 6 under the gravity, the position of the detector 8 can be adjusted, the detector 8 is always in a vertical state, the detector 8 can stably and accurately detect relevant ocean data, and stable and accurate data support can be provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system; when water quality needs to be detected, the second motor drives the rolling rope 10 to be lowered at the moment, so that the sampling cavity 9 can move to a specific area, water at a specific depth can be sampled through the sampling assembly, and therefore data of carbon sink in an ocean area can be calculated more reasonably and accurately in a mode of respectively detecting water quality at different depths; when the sampling assembly gradually descends in the ocean, the seawater exerts upward acting force on the baffles 13 at the moment, so that the two baffles can be simultaneously pushed open, and the seawater passes through the sampling box 11, when the sampling box 11 moves to a specific position and stops moving, at the moment, along with the disappearance of the impact force of the seawater on the two baffles 13, the two baffles can rotate and reset under the action of the torsion spring, and the sampling groove 12 is blocked, so that the seawater flowing into the sampling box 11 in the area can be stored and preserved, when the sampling box 11 is lifted upwards under the pulling force of the winding rope 10, the seawater can press the baffle 13 at the top end on the surface of the sampling box 11, so that the situation that the external water flows into the sampling box 11 and water at a specific depth in the sampling box 11 is impure is reduced, the sampling assembly is set into the structure, so that the working of the sampling assembly can be automatically opened and closed depending on the falling and ascending in the ocean, a complex driving device is not needed, the structure of the sampling assembly is simplified, and the probability of obstacles is kept in the sampling assembly; when the sampling box 11 is used for lifting water out of the shell 1, the rotating plate 18 can be tightly pressed by seawater on one side of the liquid outlet tank 17, the outflow of seawater in a specific area in the sampling box 11 is reduced, meanwhile, the sampling box 11 can move to the detection box 14 from the detection port under the action of the two limiting plates 19, and at the moment, the plugging component and the rotating plate 18 are controlled to be opened, so that a water sample in the sampling box 11 can automatically flow into the detection box 14 and can be detected by the water quality detector 16, and the water quality detection work of the ocean is more convenient and faster; when the sampling box 11 moves upwards from the sampling opening, the plugging plate 20 can be continuously jacked upwards by the sampling box 11, so that the liquid inlet tank 15 is automatically opened, and meanwhile, when the rotating plate 18 moves to the position of the magnetic plate 21, the magnetic plate 21 can attract the adsorption block 22 to ensure that the rotating plate 18 rotates and opens, so that a water sample in the sampling box 11 can automatically flow into the detection box 14, and the water quality detection work can be automatically carried out; when the sampling box 11 moves downwards and stops, because a part of impurities can be located at the position where the sampling box 11 is attached to the baffle 13, the impurities can prevent the end part of the baffle 13 from being tightly attached to the sampling box 11, so that the baffle 13 is difficult to effectively block the sampling slot 12, at this time, by arranging the elastic piece 23, when the sampling box 11 stops falling, the end part of the baffle 13 can be pressed against the surface of the elastic piece 23, so that the elastic piece 23 is sunken and deformed, the impurities on the surface of the elastic piece can be ejected, even if the surface of the elastic piece 23 has impurities, the elastic piece 23 can be tightly attached to the baffle 13 by the extrusion of the baffle 13, so that the sampling slot 12 can effectively block a water sample, and further, the condition that the outflow occurs in the taking-out process is reduced; when the sampling box 11 descends in the ocean, the baffle 13 is far away from the sampling groove 12 under the action of seawater, so that the baffle 13 can drive the sliding rod 25 to move towards one side far away from the inner end of the sliding table, and the gas in the elastic part 23 can be pumped out through the guide pipe 26, when the sampling box 11 stops descending, the rotating plate 18 can drive the sliding rod 25 to slide towards the inner end of the sliding sleeve 24 and press the gas in the sliding sleeve into the elastic part 23 in the resetting process, so that the elastic part 23 can pop out impurities on the surface in the swelling process, and the baffle 13 can more effectively seal the sampling groove 12; when the elastic member 23 swells during inflation, the concave part 27 on the surface of the elastic member 23 can be instantly opened after swelling to a certain extent, so that the surface of the elastic member 23 can play a shaking effect, and the cleaning of surface impurities by the elastic member 23 is further promoted; when the recessed portion 27 is gradually opened under the action of air pressure, the recessed portion 27 can drive the free ends of the two abutting shifting pieces 28 to pop up instantly, so that the impurity on the surface of the elastic piece 23 can be bounced off, and the cleanliness of the surface of the elastic piece 23 is further improved.|[0032] The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. | Family Number|(102359578)|102359578|Abstract|(CN115267109 A)|The invention belongs to the technical field of fishery carbon sequestration , and particularly relates to a regional carbon sequestration statistical method and equipment based on marine shellfish big data , the regional carbon sequestration statistical equipment comprises a shell , the two sides of the shell are respectively provided with a first motor , and the ends , away from each other , of the two first motors are respectively connected with rotating rollers through rotating shafts ; the side wall of the rotating roller is connected with a group of blades which are annularly and uniformly distributed , the top surface of the shell is connected with an arc - shaped sleeve through a bracket and a connecting rod , an internal ball head of the arc - shaped sleeve is connected with a rolling ball , and the bottom end of the rolling ball is connected with a detector ; according to the method , the operation sea area and the sea area water quality condition are analyzed through the arranged statistical equipment , a culture owner fills in a work log SAAS system , the aquatic product type , specification , density and quality of a culture area are analyzed and counted according to related data in the SAAS system , the carbon sink number is estimated , detailed data in the whole culture process are given through the SAAS system , and the culture efficiency is improved . Important data support is provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system . | | Analysis of biological materials|Computer technology|Transport | B63B-035/00|G01D-021/02|G01N-001/10|G01N-033/18|G06F-016/1815|G06F-017/18|Y02A-040/81 | B63B-035/00|G01D-021/02|G01N-001/10|G01N-033/18|G06F-016/1815|G06F-017/18|Y02A-040/81 | B63B-035/00|G01D-021/02|G01N-001/10|G01N-033/18|G06F-016/18|G06F-017/18 | B63B-035/00|G01D-021/02|G01N-001/10|G01N-033/18|G06F-016/18|G06F-017/18 | CN115902138B | CN115902138B 104411102 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | LAPSED | (CN115267109)|LAPSED | DEAD | (CN115267109)|DEAD | (CN115267109)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN115267109|Actual or expected expiration date=2023-06-20|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2022-07-15|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202210833041|Application date=2022-07-15|Standardized application number=2022CN-0833041|Event publication date=2022-11-01|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115267109|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2022-11-01|Standardized publication number=CN115267109|Event publication date=2022-11-01|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2022-11-18|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2023-06-20|Event code=CN/WW01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Withdrawal of patent application after publication | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSvkd7t5+MdVVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000065242539&ekey=2085&xpn=CN115267109&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=hSEVjq4%252FKBdb8HFZRxElNZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN115267109)|CN | (CN115267109)|NAME=YUBEI RANCH SHANDONG MARINE TECH CO LTD , COUNTRY=CN | (CN115267109)|NAME=WANG JINGZHOU;Yantai Junding Bochuang Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership) , REG=37356 | (CN115267109)|CN | (CN115267109)|NAME=LÜ MING, COUNTRY=CN | Titre: (CN115267109)|Regional carbon sink statistical method and device based on marine shellfish big data Résumé: (CN115267109)|The invention belongs to the technical field of fishery carbon sequestration, and particularly relates to a regional carbon sequestration statistical method and equipment based on marine shellfish big data, the regional carbon sequestration statistical equipment comprises a shell, the two sides of the shell are respectively provided with a first motor, and the ends, away from each other, of the two first motors are respectively connected with rotating rollers through rotating shafts; the side wall of the rotating roller is connected with a group of blades which are annularly and uniformly distributed, the top surface of the shell is connected with an arc-shaped sleeve through a bracket and a connecting rod, an internal ball head of the arc-shaped sleeve is connected with a rolling ball, and the bottom end of the rolling ball is connected with a detector; according to the method, the operation sea area and the sea area water quality condition are analyzed through the arranged statistical equipment, a culture owner fills in a work log SAAS system, the aquatic product type, specification, density and quality of a culture area are analyzed and counted according to related data in the SAAS system, the carbon sink number is estimated, detailed data in the whole culture process are given through the SAAS system, and the culture efficiency is improved. Important data support is provided for an ocean carbon sink standard system. | 80.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon sequestration related to marine shellfish and does not mention iron fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth for CO₂ uptake. | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN115267109)|1 | (CN115267109)|9 | (CN115267109)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN115267109)|7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN115267109)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2022-11-01|Gazette number: GAZNUM=38-4401|Substantial examination effective date: 20221118|Number of Pages: NPAGES=17| | (CN115267109)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN115267109)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 82 | WOCN2022/142813|WOCN2023/113915|WOCN2023/142529|WOCN2023/076157 | WOCN2023/142529|CN202380083070 | CN120529958|WO2024/140859 | 110470469 | WO2024/140859 A1 2024-07-04 [WO2024140859]|CN120529958 A 2025-08-22 [CN120529958] | 2022-12-28|2023-02-15|2023-08-19|2023-12-27 | 2023-12-27|2023-12-27 | 2025-08-22|2024-07-04 | (WO2024/140859)|2026-06-28|(CN120529958)|2043-12-27 | (WO2024/140859)|Net-zero-carbon fossil energy production method, ccs system, and blue carbon power station | (WO2024/140859)|A net-zero-carbon fossil energy production method, a CCS system, and a blue carbon power station technique, which relate to a nature-based energy transition engineering technical solution, in which only natural seawater and carbon-free electric power are used to perform driving, so as to perform deep seawater-absorption carbon capture and bicarbonate-ion-type ocean carbon storage on fossil energy such as that of a coastal power station. In the techniques, the principles that a certain amount of carbon dioxide can be dissolved in seawater and the ocean can store a huge amount of carbon dioxide are used, and seawater is used to wash and clean tail gases of fossil fuel, such that carbon dioxide in the tail gases is dissolved in seawater, so as to carry out carbon capture, and then the pH value of the seawater in which the carbon dioxide in the tail gases is dissolved is adjusted to reach an emission standard, thereby realizing green low-carbon transition of fossil energy at low costs. | PENG SIGAN ([CN])|PENG SIGAN ([CN]) | (WO2024/140859)|PENG, Sigan ([CN])|(CN120529958)|PENG SIGAN ([CN]) | PENG SIGAN|PENG YINGCHUAN | (WO2024/140859)|PENG, Sigan|PENG, Yingchuan | (WO2024/140859)|In addition, the technical proposal of the invention not only has the advantages of being legal, but also has the technical effects of the climate environment that the marine ecological environment is friendly and the marine carbon is permanently sealed.|The combustion of the fossil fuel relies on air for combustion support, and the generated high-temperature flue gas pressure containing carbon is atmospheric pressure; one embodiment of the invention adopts pretreatment and washing seawater to wash the high-temperature flue gas containing carbon (CO2) for realizing the process of temperature reduction and/or desulfurization, and the invention has the advantages that the pretreatment and washing seawater are adopted for washing the high-temperature flue gas containing carbon (CO2) to realize the temperature reduction and/or desulfurization; Another embodiment uses the original flue gas desulphurization (FGD) process of the fossil energy system to replace; one embodiment of the pre-treatment washing sea water is extracted from the sea; another embodiment uses the process such as cooling sea water from a power plant to drain water; the temperature of the cooling sea water of the power plant is generally 8-9 °C higher than that of the sea water directly taken from the sea; therefore, the temperature reduction and/or desulphurization effect of the pre-treatment washing sea water directly extracted from the sea is better, and the pre-treatment washing sea water is beneficial to improving the decarbonization absorption effect and the carbon capture rate.|Even for the application of negative emissions (air direct carbon capture), the theoretical scale of the coastal biological carbon sinks is very limited because the carbon sinks of marine organisms account for a very small proportion in marine ecosystems, and the contact area between coastal areas and air is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the entire ocean/atmosphere interface.|However, many of the current technical solutions proposed under the concept of "blue carbon" are basically limited to the edge of the concept of "blue carbon" - the use of "coastal carbon sink".|The cost-reduction constraint is the affordability of the energy consumption of carbon capture materials: all types of carbon capture technologies that have been in the process of experimentation and are highly dependent on artificial chemical sorbents, whose structural characteristics of high material consumption and high energy consumption are difficult to change; the scale-reduction constraint is the availability of carbon sinks for carbon sequestration: since the early 2000s (2002) international collaborative experiment on "molecular" carbon sequestration for carbon dioxide in the ocean, when regulatory and marine ecological issues were discontinued/terminated, almost all carbon sequestration technology pilot demonstrations have been highly dependent on geological (including seabed geology) carbon sequestration, which accounts for less than 5% of the natural carbon sequestration of the earth Moreover, the structural defects of CCS as a whole are prominent: the carbon capture technology links and the carbon sequestration technology links are independent, and there is no continuous CCS chain, so that the "source-sink match" can not be achieved between the first and the last, but the implementation of the "utilization" as a temporary carbon storage mode, and the overall cost of CCS is further increased and the size of the achievable carbon sinks is further compressed.| | (WO2024/140859)|1. The invention relates to a method for producing clean zero carbon fossil energy, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: 1) burning fossil fuels to generate energy and fossil fuel smoke; 2) carrying out temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment on the fossil fuel smoke to generate pretreated smoke; 3) carrying out seawater carbon absorption and capture on the pretreated smoke by decarbonization absorption seawater to generate decarbonization and absorption seawater and decarbonization gas; 4) discharging the decarbonization gas to the atmosphere; and 5) injecting the decarbonization and absorption seawater into the ocean to carry out carbon sequestration.|3. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises: providing a CCS marine platform, and allowing the washing to be performed on the CCS marine platform, so as to reduce the pumping height and power consumption of the decarbonized absorbing seawater.|7. A carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) system for clean zero-carbon fossil energy is characterized in that the system comprises: a preprocessor which performs temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment on the fossil fuel flue gas to generate pretreated flue gas; a decarbonization absorption tower which washes the pretreated flue gas by decarbonization absorption sea water to absorb carbon dioxide capture, generates decarbonization absorption sea water and decarbonization gas, and discharges the decarbonization gas to the atmosphere; a decarbonization absorption sea water supply device which is used for sending the sea water pump extracted from the ocean to the decarbonization absorption tower to become decarbonization absorption sea water; and a discharge device which is used for discharging the decarbonization absorption sea water into the ocean to perform carbon sequestration.|13. The system is characterized in that the system also comprises a CCS marine platform, and the preprocessor and/or decarbonization absorption tower and/or neutralizer are arranged on the CCS marine platform to reduce the height of the pumped seawater and the power consumption.| | (WO2024/140859)|The device provides a fossil energy system 1, a CCS system 2, a carbon-free energy power generation system 4 and an air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system 5 which are arranged according to the requirement of near-zero/net-zero carbon emission, and the fossil energy system 1 comprises a combustion device 1.1, a fossil energy conversion device 1.5, a fossil energy power generation device 1.6, A clean energy product is externally delivered through an output channel 1.7 of the clean energy product, and a high temperature flue gas containing carbon is discharged through an exhaust flue 1.2 at the same time; a CCS system 2 comprises a CCS ocean platform 2.1 used for carrying a CCS process device, an offshore flue 2.2 used for connecting a fossil energy system 1 and a CCS system 2, and a preprocessor 2.3 used for treating the high temperature flue gas containing carbon into a low temperature low sulfur carbon gas; and the CCS system 2 comprises a CCS ocean platform 2.1 used for carrying a CCS process device, and an offshore flue 2.2 used for connecting the fossil energy system 1 and the CCS system 2.|The first purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior carbon capture technology and provide a low-cost deep carbon capture technology proposal of fossil energy in the scale of a power station; The second object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of the prior carbon storage technology and provide a low-cost ocean carbon storage technical proposal of a power station with friendly ecological environment, which conforms to international conventions and regulations; the third object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, and provide a low-cost carbon capture and storage technical proposal with a whole-process power station scale; The fourth object of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a carbon capture and storage technical proposal based on the zero addition of natural full-process artificial chemicals; The fifth object of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a climate mitigation technical proposal for transforming the integration and win-win development of clean energy and renewable energy; The general purpose of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a blue carbon power station engineering technical proposal which utilizes the carbon sinks of the marine ecosystem (biological and non-biological factors) on a large scale and can accelerate the deployment, and create the necessary conditions for obtaining the massive natural carbon sinks for the climate target of net zero carbon emission.|The invention relates to a method for producing clean zero carbon fossil energy, a CCS system and a blue carbon power station, belonging to the technical field of climate energy transformation and the technical field of marine engineering, in particular to a production technology of clean zero carbon fossil energy mainly based on carbon capture and storage (CCS).| | (WO2024/140859)|CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION(100,140)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER(100,51)|POWER STATION(100,51)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(100,16)|BLUE CARBON(100,15)|BLUE CARBON POWER STATION(100,11)|ZERO CARBON FOSSIL ENERGY(100,7)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION TOWER(77,56)|DESULFURIZATION PRETREATMENT(57,7)|PRETREATED SMOKE(52,3)|MARINE PLATFORM(47,13)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ISSUE(47,1)|INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXPERIMENT(45,1)|SEAWATER(44,77)|ABSORPTION SEAWATER(42,13)|SEA PLATFORM(41,55)|DECARBONIZATION GAS(40,14)|CLIMATE MITIGATION TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(40,1)|SENDING SEAWATER(40,1)|FRIENDLY ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(39,1)|SEABED GEOLOGY(39,1)|PRETREATED SEAWATER(38,17)|TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(36,13)|OFFSHORE FLUE(35,8)|SEA(34,63)|PRETREATED FLUE GAS(32,12)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(32,2)|TRANSFORMING INTEGRATION(32,1)|PREPROCESSOR(31,36)|DECARBONIZATION(31,15)|PUMPING SEAWATER(31,2)|STORAGE TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(30,2)|ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL SORBENT(30,1)|COASTAL BIOLOGICAL CARBON SINK(30,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY(29,10)|EXHAUST FLUE(29,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(28,19)|NEUTRALIZED SEAWATER(28,11)|NONBIOLOGICAL FACTOR(28,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(27,57)|PRETREATMENT(26,12)|CLIMATE ENVIRONMENT(26,1)|NEUTRALIZER(25,30)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION(25,10)|DESULPHURIZATION PRETREATMENT(25,2)|MARINE ORGANISM ACCOUNT(25,1)|LIFTING OCEAN PLATFORM(23,8)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM CARBON SINK(23,1)|STRUCTURAL DEFECT(23,1)|FOSSIL FUEL SMOKE(22,4)|CARBON CAPTURE(21,38)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(21,3)|COOLING SEAWATER(21,2)|BICARBONATE OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(21,1)|CARBON ABSORPTION(21,1)|CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY PROPOSAL(21,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGY LINK(21,1)|CLIMATE ENERGY TRANSFORMATION(21,1)|COASTAL CARBON SINK(21,1)|MASSIVE NATURAL CARBON SINK(21,1)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(20,5)|CARBON SINK AVAILABILITY(20,1)|STATUTORY DISCHARGE STANDARD(19,8)|WIN DEVELOPMENT(19,2)|MIX SEAWATER(19,1)|NATURAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(19,1)|DESULFURIZATION(18,6)|ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE(18,1)|DEMONSTRATION(18,1)|LINKING TECHNOLOGY(18,1)|FLUE GAS(17,87)|CARBON SINK(17,17)|MARINE CARBON(17,2)|CLEAN TAIL GAS(17,1)|DEPLOYMENT(17,1)|FOSSIL FUEL FUME(16,9)|PUMPING HEIGHT(16,4)|CARBON STORAGE(16,2)|NEGATIVE EMISSION(16,2)|CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY(16,1)|CLIMATE(16,1)|POWER PLANT COOLING SEAWATER(16,1)|FOSSIL FUEL FLUE GAS(15,16)|COMBUSTION(15,8)|DESULPHURIZATION(15,3)|MARINE ORGANISM(15,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(14,33)|POWER GENERATION(14,16)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER PUMP(14,4)|CLIMATE MITIGATION(14,2)|COASTAL AREA(14,1)|ION MARINE CARBON STORAGE(14,1)|POWER STATION TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(14,1)|SCALE REDUCTION CONSTRAINT(14,1)|SEQUESTERED CARBON DIOXIDE(14,1)|SUPPORTING COMBUSTION(14,1)|TREATING TEMPERATURE(14,1)|AIR SEQUESTRATION(13,1)|ENTIRE OCEAN ATMOSPHERE INTERFACE(13,1)|TEMPORARY CARBON STORAGE MODE(13,1)|CO2(12,29)|CO2E MEASUREMENT DATA(12,2)|ENERGY ACCUMULATOR(12,2)|INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION(12,2)|MARINE ENGINEERING(12,2)|POWER STATION SCALE(12,2)|EXPERIMENTATION(12,1)|COASTAL POWER STATION(11,1)|COST REDUCTION CONSTRAINT(11,1)|REGULATION(10,7)|SEAWATER VALUE(10,5)|SO2 VOLUME CONTENT(10,5)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORBING SEAWATER(10,2)|WASHING DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER(10,2)|CARBON STORAGE MODE(10,1)|SOURCE SINK MATCH(10,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY SYSTEM(9,17)|TEMPERATURE REDUCTION(9,16)|CLEAN ENERGY PRODUCTION(9,6)|DECARBONIZATION DEPTH(9,5)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(9,4)|DECARBURIZATION ABSORPTION TOWER(9,2)|FLUE GAS SO2(9,2)|MATERIAL CONSUMPTION(9,1)|NATURE ENERGY TRANSITION(9,1)|SEAWATER AFT DECARBONIZATION(9,1)|SMALL PROPORTION(9,1)|ABSORBED SEAWATER(8,4)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(8,4)|FLUE GAS DESULPHURIZATION(8,3)|INCREMENTAL BICARBONATE ION(8,3)|PREPROCESSOR DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION TOWER DISCHARGE(8,3)|TIDE FLUCTUATION(8,3)|ELEVATING OCEAN PLATFORM(8,2)|NEUTRALIZER SEAWATER PUMP(8,2)|PRETREATED WASHED SEAWATER(8,2)|CARBON EMISSION(7,13)|AIR CARBON CAPTURE(7,7)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,5)|RENEWABLE ENERGY(7,4)|TEMPERATURE FLUE GAS(7,3)|NEUTRALIZATION SEAWATER PUMP(7,2)|CLEAN ENERGY(7,1)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER DELIVERY(7,1)|DECARBURIZED ABSORPTION SEAWATER(7,1)|NEUTRALIZER SEAWATER INTAKE PIPE(7,1)|SEAWATER PUMPING ALTITUDE(7,1)|UN MARPOL CONVENTION(7,1)|UNITED NATIONS MARPOL CONVENTION(7,1)|FREE ENERGY POWER(6,13)|POWER CONSUMPTION(6,10)|CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT(6,7)|NET ZERO CARBON EMISSION(6,7)|CARBON CAPTURE RATE(6,6)|FIXED OCEAN PLATFORM(6,6)|FLUE GAS BYPASS DOOR(6,6)|CARBON ACCOUNTING(6,4)|RISK ACCIDENT(6,3)|COAL FIRED BOILER(6,2)|OCEAN SHIP(6,2)|SEAWATER ACIDITY(6,2)|SUBSTITUTE PREPROCESSOR(6,2)|CUSTOM OCEAN PLATFORM(6,1)|DECARBURIZED TOWER(6,1)|FLOATING TELESCOPIC FLUE(6,1)|FRESHWATER TON(6,1)|NEUTRALIZER SEAWATER PIPE(6,1)|ONSHORE COMBUSTION FACILITY(6,1)|PRETREATMENT SEAWATER DELIVERY PIPE(6,1)|TEMPERATURE LOW SULFUR(6,1)|POWER PLANT(5,11)|PUMPING MODE(5,6)|SEABED(5,6)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,4)|TIDAL DIFFERENCE(5,4)|TIDAL ENERGY(5,4)|WIND ENERGY(5,4)|COOL SEAWATER(5,2)|DECARBURIZATION DEPTH(5,2)|SEAWATER PUMP SUPPLY(5,2)|SEAWATER WASHING(5,2)|TIDAL LAW(5,2)|CARBON CAPTURE MATERIAL(5,1)|CARBON GAS(5,1)|COASTAL VEGETATION(5,1)|COST REDUCTION(5,1)|ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT DEPARTMENT(5,1)|FLOATING OCEAN PLATFORM RISE(5,1)|GREEN LOW CARBON TRANSITION(5,1)|NEUTRALIZED SEAWATER STREAM(5,1)|PLANNED OVERHAUL(5,1)|PRETREATING SEAWATER(5,1)|PRETREATMENT SEAWATER PUMP(5,1)|PRETREATMENT SEAWATER TREATMENT TANK(5,1)|PRIOR CARBON CAPTURE(5,1)|PRIOR CARBON STORAGE(5,1)|REALIZING CLIMATE TARGET(5,1)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION(5,1)|SEAWATER LIFTING ELEVATION(5,1)|FREE ENERGY GENERATION(4,12)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(4,10)|NET ZERO(4,7)|FILLER LAYER(4,4)|NUCLEAR ENERGY(4,4)|WASTE HEAT BOILER(4,4)|OUTPUT CHANNEL(4,3)|DECARBONIZING GAS(4,2)|CARRYING OUT SEAWATER(4,1)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(4,1)|CO2 REGULATORY RESTRICTION STORAGE(4,1)|CO2E METERING(4,1)|COASTAL ORGANISM(4,1)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER RATIO(4,1)|DETECTION CO2E METER(4,1)|DISCHARGING FLUE(4,1)|DISSOLVING TRAPPING(4,1)|HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION(4,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER(4,1)|NATURALLY ABSORB CO2(4,1)|NEUTRALIZING SEAWATER(4,1)|OCEAN ION CARBON SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|PACKED ABSORPTION TOWER(4,1)|PERMANENT BICARBONATE ION(4,1)|PUBLIC SKEPTICISM(4,1)|REPAIR ORGANIZATION(4,1)|SEA PLATFORM FLOAT(4,1)|SEA PLATFORM LIFT(4,1)|SEAWATER DRAINAGE(4,1)|SEAWATER ELEVATION(4,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING(4,1)|SEAWATER STANDARD DRAINAGE PIPE(4,1)|SPILLOVER KNOWLEDGE(4,1)|STATUTORY DISCHARGING STANDARD(4,1)|UNAFFORDABLE FUNDAMENTAL(4,1)|UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION(4,1)|UNITED NATIONS MEPC(4,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY PRODUCTION(3,5)|CONTACT AREA(3,4)|WAVE ENERGY(3,4)|DETECTION CONTROLLER(3,3)|FLUE GAS DISCHARGE(3,3)|IMO(3,3)|PACKING LAYER(3,3)|TIDAL LEVEL(3,3)|COAL QUALITY(3,2)|FIXED SEA PLATFORM(3,2)|FOSSIL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE(3,2)|HORIZONTAL RESTRICTION(3,2)|STATUTORY EMISSION STANDARD(3,2)|ABSORBING TOWER(3,1)|BOILER STEAM TURBINE(3,1)|CAPTURE CO2(3,1)|CARBON FREE ELECTRICAL POWER(3,1)|CLIMATE MITIGATION BASIC LOGIC(3,1)|CO2 SOLUBILITY(3,1)|CO2 WASHING(3,1)|DRAINAGE DETECTION(3,1)|EARTH NATURAL CARBON AGGREGATE(3,1)|INTRODUCTION TOWER(3,1)|KEY PILLAR(3,1)|LIMESTONE GYPSUM WET(3,1)|LOW COST CARBON CAPTURE(3,1)|MIXING SEAWATER(3,1)|NATIONAL REGULATION(3,1)|NATURAL ALKALINITY CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,1)|PRETREATED SMOKE TEMPERATURE(3,1)|REGULATION EMISSION PERMITTED STANDARD(3,1)|SEA GRASS(3,1)|SEAWATER ABSORBING CARBON CAPTURE(3,1)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION CARBON CAPTURE(3,1)|SEAWATER DEPTH(3,1)|SELF SUSTAINED SNORKELING(3,1)|SKETCH MAP(3,1)|TECHNICAL CHALLENGE(3,1)|FREE ENERGY(2,41)|SEA LEVEL(2,13)|FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION(2,6)|DEEP WATER EXTRACTION MODE(2,4)|HYDROGEN CARBONATE ION MODE(2,4)|LIGHT ENERGY(2,4)|MEASURING CARBON CAPTURE(2,3)|ONSHORE POWER STATION(2,3)|ACCIDENT TEMPERATURE(2,2)|DESULFURIZER(2,2)|FLOATING DOCK CONNECTION(2,2)|MARINE ACCIDENT(2,2)|OCCASION(2,2)|SINGLE BOILER EVAPORATION CAPACITY(2,2)|CARBON CATCHMENT RESERVOIR(2,1)|CO2 TOTAL EMISSION(2,1)|DECARBONIZATION COST(2,1)|DECARBONIZATION FLUE GAS(2,1)|DECARBURIZED SEAWATER TOTAL FLOW(2,1)|DEPLOYMENT EQUIPMENT(2,1)|DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE(2,1)|DISCHARGE MIXING ZONE(2,1)|EARLY TESTING(2,1)|EMISSION SMOKE TEMPERATURE(2,1)|EXHAUSTING CARBON(2,1)|FLUE GAS TRANSPORTATION(2,1)|HCO3 STORAGE(2,1)|INTRODUCED CARBONACEOUS GAS(2,1)|KILOMETER(2,1)|MANGROVE CARBON SINK(2,1)|MARINE CARBON CAPTURE(2,1)|MARINE CARBON SINK(2,1)|MARINE ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT(2,1)|MARINE NATURAL CARBON SINK(2,1)|MEASURED CO2E(2,1)|OCEAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION(2,1)|OCEANIC CARBON STORAGE(2,1)|OFFSHORE CARBON CAPTURE(2,1)|POPULARITY(2,1)|PREPROCESSING(2,1)|PUMPING HEAD(2,1)|PUMPING HEIGHT REDUCTION(2,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER POTENTIAL ENERGY(2,1)|SEAWATER DESULPHURIZATION(2,1)|SEAWATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION(2,1)|STANDARD DISCHARGE SEAWATER(2,1)|STANDARD SEAWATER EXHAUST PIPE(2,1)|TECHNICAL FACILITY(2,1)|TRAP CO2(2,1)|WORKING ELEVATION(2,1)||(CN120529958)|CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION(100,138)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,32)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER(100,28)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(100,16)|BLUE CARBON(100,14)|FOSSIL ENERGY PRODUCTION(100,10)|FOSSIL ENERGY SOURCE(100,6)|CLEAN ZERO CARBON(100,4)|NET ZERO CARBIDE ENERGY(100,1)|PRODUCING NET ZERO CARBON(100,1)|DECARBURIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER(70,15)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION TOWER(68,21)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION(66,1)|MARINE NATURAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(56,3)|SEA PLATFORM(53,65)|DECARBONIZING ABSORBER SEAWATER(53,1)|PRETREATED FLUE GAS(50,22)|DESULFURIZATION PRETREATMENT(50,6)|NATURAL SEA(50,3)|NONBIOLOGICAL FACTOR(49,2)|ABSORBER TOWER DECARBONIZATION(48,1)|COASTAL VEGETATION(48,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGY(48,1)|COASTAL CARBON SINK(47,3)|TAIL INTERACTION CONSTRAINT(47,1)|COASTAL ORGANISM(46,1)|DEEP SEAWATER ABSORPTION(45,1)|DECARBURIZATION ABSORPTION TOWER(44,27)|FOSSIL FUEL FUME(44,5)|COASTAL VEGETATION CARBON SINK(44,1)|TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(42,2)|CARBON TRAPPING ACCOUNTING(41,1)|SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION(41,1)|CLIMATE TARGET(40,3)|PARIS AGREEMENT(40,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(39,5)|MARINE CARBON TRAPPING(39,1)|WIN DEVELOPMENT(38,3)|CARBON TRAPPING(37,2)|CARBON SINK(36,16)|NEUTRALIZED SEAWATER(35,11)|DECARBONIZATION GAS(34,8)|SEQUESTRATION(33,11)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(33,5)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM CARBON SINK(33,3)|ABSORBING MODE(33,2)|PUMPED SEAWATER ELEVATION(33,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(32,58)|SEA(32,53)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(32,5)|FOSSIL FUEL FLUE GAS(31,30)|LINKING TECHNOLOGY(31,2)|LIFTING OCEAN PLATFORM(30,11)|DESULFURIZATION PREPROCESSING(30,3)|CARBON TRAP(30,2)|GLOBAL NATURAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(30,1)|ION OCEAN CARBON SEALING(30,1)|NATURAL SEAWATER(30,1)|ACQUIRED MASS NATURAL(29,1)|IONIC OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(29,1)|CLIMATE(28,2)|APPLICABLE NEGATIVE EMISSION(28,1)|CLEAN ZERO CARBIDE(28,1)|GLOBAL NATURAL(28,1)|SCALE MARINE NATURAL(28,1)|STRUCTURAL DEFECT(28,1)|SEAWATER(26,56)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(26,2)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATION(26,1)|NEUTRALIZER(25,28)|PRETREATMENT SEAWATER(25,4)|CLIMATE ENERGY TRANSFORMATION(25,1)|MARINE NATURAL CARBON SINK(25,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY FUSION(25,1)|SCALE MASS NATURAL SEA(25,1)|TOTAL DACCS(25,1)|INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION(24,3)|GLOBAL CARBON EMISSION INFLUENCE(24,1)|MITIGATION SOLUTION(24,1)|ADDED DACCS(23,1)|EARLY TEST FAILURE(23,1)|INCAPABILITY(23,1)|OCEAN AIR(23,1)|OCEAN ATMOSPHERE INTERFACE(23,1)|FLUE GAS(22,92)|DECARBURIZATION GAS(22,7)|CLEAN ZERO CARBON EMISSION(22,6)|EXTRACTING SEAWATER(22,5)|OCEAN NATURAL(22,2)|GLOBAL CARBON EMISSION(22,1)|SEQUESTERING CARBON CAPTURE(21,7)|DECARBURIZATION(21,3)|OCEAN NATURAL CARBON SINK(21,2)|EDGE UTILIZATION(21,1)|OCCASION(21,1)|OCEAN AIR CARBON CAPTURE(21,1)|SIGNIFICANCE(21,1)|ZERO CARBON EMISSION(20,12)|CENTURY(20,1)|CONVERTED CLEAN ENERGY FUSION(20,1)|INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION(20,1)|DACCS(19,17)|BASIC LOGIC(19,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION(19,1)|COAL GENERATED ENERGY(19,1)|COMMITTEE(19,1)|ECO FRIENDLY(19,1)|FRAMEWORK CONVENTION(19,1)|MANGROVE(19,1)|MIXED SEAWATER(19,1)|ZERO CARBON CLIMATE TARGET(19,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(18,25)|DISCHARGE EQUIPMENT(18,3)|CLIMATE MITIGATION(18,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(18,1)|CARBON EMISSION INFLUENCE(18,1)|DEPLOYMENT(18,1)|GEOLOGY(18,1)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(18,1)|SEAWEED(18,1)|PRETREATMENT(17,12)|ABSORPTION CARBON CAPTURE(17,3)|PRETREATING(17,3)|DECARBONIZING GAS(17,2)|CARBON SINK SCALE(17,1)|COASTAL AREA(17,1)|DEFECT(17,1)|EARTH TOTAL NATURAL CARBON(17,1)|ELECTRICITY GENERATION(17,1)|EXPERIMENT(17,1)|NATURAL ENERGY TRANSFORMATION(17,1)|STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCE(17,1)|POWER GENERATION(16,32)|OFFSHORE FLUE(16,8)|CARBON TEMPORARY STORAGE MODE(16,1)|IPCC(16,1)|MOLECULAR CARBON DIOXIDE(16,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(15,32)|PRETREATED WASHING SEAWATER(15,4)|BICARBONATE(15,2)|NET ZERO CARBON TARGET(15,1)|TOTAL NATURAL CARBON(15,1)|LEGAL DISCHARGE STANDARD(14,3)|CLIMATE CHANGE(14,2)|EXTRACTING DECARBONIZING ABSORPTION SEAWATER(14,2)|CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION(14,1)|CLEAN ENERGY CONVERSION(14,1)|DECARBONIZING ABSORPTION TOWER(13,3)|PRECONDITIONER DECARBONIZING ABSORBER EDUCTOR(13,3)|COASTAL POWER STATION(13,2)|COST EFFECTIVE MITIGATION(13,1)|FULL SCALE(13,1)|POWER STATION SCALE(12,3)|ENERGY GENERATION(12,1)|SCALE AVAILABILITY(12,1)|SMALL PROPORTION(12,1)|REGULATION(11,7)|BLUE CARBON POWER STATION(11,6)|ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION(11,2)|RENEWABLE ENERGY(11,2)|TIDAL WATER(11,2)|AVAILABLE CARBON SINK(11,1)|CARBON SINK AVAILABLE SCALE(11,1)|EMISSIONS REDUCTION(11,1)|MATERIAL CONSUMPTION(11,1)|PRIOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION DEFECT(11,1)|CARBON EMISSION(10,8)|DECARBURIZATION DEPTH(10,5)|INCREMENTAL BICARBONATE ION(10,3)|WINDPOWER STATION(10,3)|COAL POWER STATION(10,2)|OFFSHORE ACCIDENT RISK(10,2)|COST EFFECTIVE MITIGATION SOLUTION(10,1)|EXTRACTING DECARBURIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER(10,1)|LIMITING FACTOR(10,1)|POWER STATION(9,41)|FIXED OCEAN PLATFORM(9,8)|AIR CARBON CAPTURE(9,6)|BLUE CARBON POWER PLANT(9,4)|SEAWATER ACIDITY(9,2)|SEAWATER LIFTING ELEVATION(9,2)|SEAWATER PUMPING ALTITUDE(9,1)|FLUE GAS BYPASS DOOR(8,6)|VOLUME CONTENT(8,6)|BICARBONATE ION MODE OCEAN(8,4)|LOW CARBON TRANSFORMATION(8,4)|COAL FIRED BOILER(8,3)|ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION(8,3)|FREE ENERGY GENERATION(8,2)|ONSHORE COMBUSTION(8,2)|SUBSTITUTE PREPROCESSOR(8,2)|DECARBONATED ABSORPTION SEAWATER(8,1)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER DEPTH(8,1)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER PUMP(8,1)|DECARBURIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER PUMP(8,1)|DECARBURIZED ABSORPTION SEAWATER(8,1)|FUEL GAS(8,1)|OFFSHORE FLOATING DEPLOYMENT(8,1)|PREPROCESSING SEAWATER WASHING(8,1)|PRIOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|TOTAL CARBON REDUCTION(8,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(7,5)|REGULATION ALLOWABLE EMISSION STANDARD(7,5)|CARBON ACCOUNTING(7,4)|FOSSIL FUEL SMOKE(7,3)|RISK ACCIDENT(7,3)|SMOKE DISCHARGE(7,3)|DECARBONIZATION DEPTH(7,2)|EPA VGP(7,2)|GREEN LOW CARBON TRANSFORMATION(7,2)|IMO MEPC(7,2)|SMOKE BYPASS(7,2)|TIDE LAW(7,2)|CARBON FREE ELECTRIC(7,1)|CUSTOMIZED OCEAN PLATFORM(7,1)|DECARBURIZATION SEAWATER PUMP(7,1)|FLOATING TELESCOPING FLUE(7,1)|INSTALLATION FOUNDATION ALTITUDE(7,1)|NEUTRALIZATION SEAWATER PUMPING HEIGHT(7,1)|PREPROCESSING SEAWATER DELIVERY PIPE(7,1)|PREPROCESSING SEAWATER TREATMENT POOL(7,1)|COAL FIRED POWER STATION(6,6)|PUMPING MODE(6,6)|ENERGY CONSUMPTION(6,4)|NATURAL GAS POWER STATION(6,4)|TIDAL ENERGY(6,4)|EXHAUST FLUE(6,2)|EXHAUST FUNNEL(6,2)|FACILITY DRAIN(6,2)|MASS UTILIZATION(6,2)|PUMPING LIFT(6,2)|SEAWATER ABSORPTION CARBON CAPTURE(6,2)|COST REDUCTION(6,1)|DECARBONIZATION TOWER(6,1)|DECARBURIZATION ABSORPTION TOWER HEIGHT(6,1)|DEEP DECARBURIZATION(6,1)|FLOATING OCEAN PLATFORM RISE(6,1)|NEUTRALIZATION SEAWATER PIPE(6,1)|NEUTRALIZING SEAWATER(6,1)|PREPROCESSING SEAWATER PUMP(6,1)|REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT(6,1)|SEAWATER DESALINIZATION(6,1)|FREE ENERGY POWER(5,20)|NUCLEAR ENERGY(5,4)|OCEAN WATER(5,4)|PACKING LAYER(5,4)|SEQUESTRATION RATE(5,4)|WASTE HEAT BOILER(5,4)|CARBON FREE POWER GENERATION(5,3)|PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER STATION(5,3)|ABSORBING SEAWATER(5,1)|ABSORPTION SEAWATER DELIVERY PIPE(5,1)|ADOPTING PRETREATMENT(5,1)|COMBINED CYCLE(5,1)|DECARBONIZATION ABSORPTION SEAWATER FLOW(5,1)|DECARBONIZING ABSORPTION SEAWATER TEMPERATURE(5,1)|DRAINAGE PIPELINE(5,1)|FOUNDATION ELEVATION(5,1)|FRIENDLY MARINE ECOLOGY(5,1)|HCO OCEAN STORAGE(5,1)|HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION(5,1)|HOMOGENEOUS INPHASE(5,1)|LOW COST CARBON(5,1)|MARINE NATURAL ALKALINITY(5,1)|NEUTRALIZED SEAWATER PUMP(5,1)|NEUTRALIZER ELEVATION(5,1)|OCEAN SHIP(5,1)|OFFLINE BUILDING(5,1)|OFFLINE CONSTRUCTING(5,1)|PERMANENT BICARBONATE ION(5,1)|PERMANENT MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(5,1)|PLANNED OVERHAUL(5,1)|PRETREATED SEAWATER TREATMENT POND(5,1)|SEA VESSEL(5,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION(5,1)|TIDAL FLUCTUATION(5,1)|UNITED STATES MARPO CONVENTION(5,1)|FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION(4,10)|SEA PLATFORM SUPPORT FRAME(4,6)|CONTACT AREA(4,4)|FILLER LAYER(4,3)|POWER PLANT COOLING SEAWATER(4,3)|COAL QUALITY(4,2)|DISSOLUTION(4,2)|ENERGY ACCUMULATOR(4,2)|HEIGHT REGULATION(4,2)|SEAWATER NATURAL TEMPERATURE(4,2)|ABSORPTION SEAWATER STANDARD(4,1)|BOILER STEAM TURBINE(4,1)|DRAINAGE DETECTION(4,1)|DRAINAGE PH DETECTION CONTROLLER(4,1)|EMISSION BLEND(4,1)|EMISSION SEAWATER STANDARD(4,1)|EXHAUSTING SMOKE VOLUME(4,1)|LIMESTONE GYPSUM WET(4,1)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION(4,1)|NATIONAL REGULATION(4,1)|OFFSHORE DEPLOYMENT DESIGN(4,1)|OVERFLOW KNOWLEDGE(4,1)|PRETREATED SEAWATER FLOW(4,1)|PRETREATMENT PROCESSOR(4,1)|PUBLIC DOUBT(4,1)|SULFUR PARAMETER(4,1)|SULFUR REMOVAL PRETREATMENT(4,1)|WASHED SEAWATER(4,1)|SEA LEVEL(3,14)|CARBON CAPTURE RATE(3,8)|PH VALUE(3,5)|WATER INTAKE PIPE(3,5)|LIGHT ENERGY(3,4)|NET ZERO CARBON EMISSION(3,4)|CARRYING OUT SEAWATER(3,3)|ENERGY STORAGE(3,3)|ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT(3,2)|E METERING DATA(3,2)|MEASURING CARBON SEQUESTRATION(3,2)|TRAPPING(3,2)|ADJUSTING PARAMETER(3,1)|ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL(3,1)|CARBON CAPTURE DECARBONIZATION(3,1)|COMMODITY(3,1)|CONSTANT SEABED HEIGHT(3,1)|CONVEYING CARBON(3,1)|DECARBONIZATION COST(3,1)|DECARBONIZING FLUE GAS(3,1)|DECARBURIZATION ABSORBER STRUCTURE(3,1)|DEEP DECARBONIZATION FUNCTION(3,1)|DESULFURIZATION GAS CONTENT(3,1)|DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE(3,1)|DRAIN DETECTION(3,1)|ENVIRONMENT LAW ENFORCEMENT(3,1)|EXHAUST DRUM(3,1)|EXHAUST SMOKE TEMPERATURE(3,1)|EXTRACTION SITE(3,1)|FLOATING DOCK COUPLING(3,1)| | (WO2024/140859)|1. The invention relates to a method for producing clean zero carbon fossil energy, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: |1) burning fossil fuels to generate energy and fossil fuel smoke; |2) carrying out temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment on the fossil fuel smoke to generate pretreated smoke; |3) carrying out seawater carbon absorption and capture on the pretreated smoke by decarbonization absorption seawater to generate decarbonization and absorption seawater and decarbonization gas; |4) discharging the decarbonization gas to the atmosphere; and |5) injecting the decarbonization and absorption seawater into the ocean to carry out carbon sequestration.|2. According to the method in Claim 1, the method is characterized in that the temperature of the pretreated flue gas is no higher than 50°C, no higher than 30°C, no higher than 20°C, no higher than 10°C, or no higher than 5°C than the water temperature of the decarbonized absorption seawater; the volume content of the pretreated flue gas SO2 is less than 100ppm, or less than 80ppm, or less than 30ppm.|3. The method is characterized in that the method also comprises: providing a CCS marine platform, and allowing the washing to be performed on the CCS marine platform, so as to reduce the pumping height and power consumption of the decarbonized absorbing seawater.|4. According to the method described in claim 1, the method is characterized in that: in step 5), after decarbonization and absorption, the seawater is discharged into the sea, the seawater is first mixed with neutralized seawater to form mixed seawater, so that the pH value rises to reach the statutory discharge standard, so that the CO2 absorbed and captured by the seawater is converted into hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3-), and the ion-type marine carbon storage is realized by injecting the seawater into the sea.|5. According to the method in claim 1, the method is characterized in that the method also comprises: detecting and measuring the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in the flue gas absorbed and collected from fossil fuels, by detecting the difference between the CO2 content of the flue gas measured from the fossil fuels and the CO2 content of the desulfurized gas; and the CO2e measurement data being transmitted to a carbon accounting system in real time or periodically.|6. The method, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that the method further comprises providing a carbon-free energy generation system and/or a direct carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) system in the atmosphere.|7. A carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) system for clean zero-carbon fossil energy is characterized in that the system comprises: a |preprocessor which performs temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment on the fossil fuel flue gas to generate pretreated flue gas; a |decarbonization absorption tower which washes the pretreated flue gas by decarbonization absorption sea water to absorb carbon dioxide capture, generates decarbonization absorption sea water and decarbonization gas, and discharges the decarbonization gas to the atmosphere; a |decarbonization absorption sea water supply device which is used for sending the sea water pump extracted from the ocean to the decarbonization absorption tower to become decarbonization absorption sea water; and a |discharge device which is used for discharging the decarbonization absorption sea water into the ocean to perform carbon sequestration.|8. The system as described in claim 7 is characterized in that the energy for decarbonizing and absorbing seawater from the ocean is provided by a carbon-free energy power generation system, which comprises one or more of wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy and nuclear energy; and the carbon-free energy power generation system comprises an energy accumulator, so that power supply is uninterrupted.|9. The system, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that the preprocessor is configured to wash the fossil fuel fumes with pretreated seawater to effect a temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment.|10. Such as claim 7, is characterize by a volume content of SO2 in that pretreated flue gas of less than 100ppm, or less than 80ppm, or less than 30ppm.|11. Such as that describe in claim 7, is characterized in that the temperature of the pretreated flue gas is no higher than 50°C, or no higher than 30°C, or no higher than 20°C, or no higher than 10°C, or no higher than 5°C, than the temperature of decarbonized seawater.|12. Such as that system describe in claim 7, characterized in that the discharge device further comprise a neutralizer for mix seawater with the neutralizer after decarbonization and absorption to form mixed seawater so as to raise the pH value to achieve the statutory discharge standard.|13. The system is characterized in that the system also comprises a CCS marine platform, and the preprocessor and/or decarbonization absorption tower and/or neutralizer are arranged on the CCS marine platform to reduce the height of the pumped seawater and the power consumption.|14. The invention is characterized in that the blue carbon power station also comprises a CCS (carbon capture and storage) system as described in claim 7, which is used for decarbonizing the fossil fuel flue gas.|15. According to the blue carbon power station in Claim 14, the CCS system is characterized in that the CCS system also comprises a neutralizer, a CCS ocean platform and a carbon-free energy power generation unit; the preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower and the neutralizer are arranged on the CCS ocean platform; the CCS ocean platform is configured as a floating and/or lifting ocean platform which fluctuates with the tide; The preprocessor is configured to wash fossil fuel fumes with pretreated seawater to achieve temperature reduction and/or desulphurization pretreatment; the pretreated seawater, decarbonized absorption seawater, neutralized seawater are extracted from the ocean, and the energy required to extract the seawater is provided by a carbon-free energy generation system and/or the power station itself; at least 95%, or 90%, or 85%, or 80%, or 75%, of fossil fuel fumes or 70%, 60%, or 50% of carbon dioxide trapped and sequestered; the CCS system also includes a direct carbon capture and sequestered air (DACCS) system for capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere, the captured and sequestered carbon dioxide being equal to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the decarbonized gas to the atmosphere. | (WO2024/140859)|technical field|[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing clean zero carbon fossil energy, a CCS system and a blue carbon power station, belonging to the technical field of climate energy transformation and the technical field of marine engineering, in particular to a production technology of clean zero carbon fossil energy mainly based on carbon capture and storage (CCS).|background technology|[0002] The transition to clean and low-carbon fossil fuels and the development of renewable energy have been seen as two key pillars that will be needed to meet the Paris climate target of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. However, for a long time, renewable energy has achieved great development, the cost continues to decrease and the scale of expansion, while the clean and low-carbon transition of fossil energy has stalled. The International Energy Agency's 2016 report argues that the key technology for a clean, low-carbon transition to a net-zero carbon target for fossil fuels — commercial carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) power station projects — will require hundreds of projects by 2020 and thousands by 2050. But as of March 2023, there had been only one case of a global coal-fired power station, and even one, gas-fired, which has a greater impact on carbon emissions, was shut down in 2020 because of unaffordable fundamentals. For 30 years, CCS solutions have failed to overcome the challenges of cost and scale.|[0003] The cost-reduction constraint is the affordability of the energy consumption of carbon capture materials: all types of carbon capture technologies that have been in the process of experimentation and are highly dependent on artificial chemical sorbents, whose structural characteristics of high material consumption and high energy consumption are difficult to change; the scale-reduction constraint is the availability of carbon sinks for carbon sequestration: since the early 2000s (2002) international collaborative experiment on "molecular" carbon sequestration for carbon dioxide in the ocean, when regulatory and marine ecological issues were discontinued/terminated, almost all carbon sequestration technology pilot demonstrations have been highly dependent on geological (including seabed geology) carbon sequestration, which accounts for less than 5% of the natural carbon sequestration of the earth Moreover, the structural defects of CCS as a whole are prominent: the carbon capture technology links and the carbon sequestration technology links are independent, and there is no continuous CCS chain, so that the "source-sink match" can not be achieved between the first and the last, but the implementation of the "utilization" as a temporary carbon storage mode, and the overall cost of CCS is further increased and the size of the achievable carbon sinks is further compressed.|[0004] Since the Paris Agreement, the increasing popularity of the concept of "blue carbon" aimed at harnessing the natural carbon sinks of the oceans has shown that the substantial amount of CO2 emitted as a result of the reduction/negative emission of the net-zero carbon target has to be stored by large-scale natural marine carbon sinks (representing >93% of the Earth's natural carbon aggregates), the basic logic of climate mitigation, More than 10 years after the requirements and commitments of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for the sustainable use of carbon sinks from marine ecosystems (living and abiotic factors) and the vision of the United Nations Climate Change Specialized Committee (IPCC) that the use of marine natural carbon sinks would constitute the most cost effective mitigation program were put on hold due to the failure of early testing, the field is being reconceived and new technologies for the use of marine natural carbon sinks are being explored.|[0005] However, many of the current technical solutions proposed under the concept of "blue carbon" are basically limited to the edge of the concept of "blue carbon" — the use of "coastal carbon sink". Only depending on the biological carbon sink of mangroves, seagrass, algae and other coastal vegetation to naturally absorb CO2 in the air, can not be used in other occasions to reduce carbon emissions. Even for the application of negative emissions (air direct carbon capture), the theoretical scale of the coastal biological carbon sinks is very limited because the carbon sinks of marine organisms account for a very small proportion in marine ecosystems, and the contact area between coastal areas and air is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the entire ocean/atmosphere interface. In addition, most of the coastal organisms can not contact the air in the ocean water and many other constraints, the actual scale of the carbon sinks is even negligible. It is clear that the "most cost effective mitigation solution using natural carbon sinks of the oceans" proposed by IPCC is a technical challenge that has been eagerly sought and consistently unsuccessful in this field.|[0006] As a targeted solution, the CCS technical solution of seawater method (Patent No.: US) was proposed in 2016 11,045,785 B2), based on the FGD development experience and spillover knowledge, a CO2 emission reduction (and negative emission) technology scheme utilizing natural carbon sinks of marine ecosystems is disclosed: carbon capture (zero addition of artificial chemicals) and natural alkalinity carbon sequestration of the oceans only using seawater scrubbing. But there are still gaps in the technology described for meeting the 2050 net-zero carbon climate target and for the urgent need to increase the depth of decarbonization and speed up large-scale deployment.|[0007] Contents of Invention|[0008] The first purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior carbon capture technology and provide a low-cost deep carbon capture technology proposal of fossil energy in the scale of a power station;|[0009] The second object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of the prior carbon storage technology and provide a low-cost ocean carbon storage technical proposal of a power station with friendly ecological environment, which conforms to international conventions and regulations;|[0010] the third object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, and provide a low-cost carbon capture and storage technical proposal with a whole-process power station scale;|[0011] The fourth object of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a carbon capture and storage technical proposal based on the zero addition of natural full-process artificial chemicals;|[0012] The fifth object of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a climate mitigation technical proposal for transforming the integration and win-win development of clean energy and renewable energy;|[0013] The general purpose of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a blue carbon power station engineering technical proposal which utilizes the carbon sinks of the marine ecosystem (biological and non-biological factors) on a large scale and can accelerate the deployment, and create the necessary conditions for obtaining the massive natural carbon sinks for the climate target of net zero carbon emission.|[0014] The technical proposal of the method for producing the clean zero-carbon fossil energy of the invention comprises the following steps:|[0015] 1) burning fossil fuels to generate energy and fossil fuel fumes;|[0016] 2) The fossil fuel flue gas is pre-treated by temperature reduction and/or desulfurization to generate the pre-treated flue gas;|[0017] 3) Decarbonization-absorption seawater is used to capture the carbon in the pretreated flue gas, and then the decarbonization-absorption seawater and decarbonization gas are generated.|[0018] 4) exhausting the decarbonizing gas into the atmosphere;|[0019] 5) injecting decarbonized absorbed seawater into the ocean for carbon sequestration;|[0020] The further technical proposal is that the method also comprises the following steps:|[0021] The fossil fuel is selected from one or more of natural gas, fuel oil, and coal.|[0022] The energy source is one or more of electric energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy and hydrogen energy.|[0023] The combustion of the fossil fuel relies on air to support combustion, and the generated carbon-containing high-temperature flue gas pressure is atmospheric pressure.|[0024] In the step 2), the fossil fuel fumes are washed with pretreated seawater to achieve temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment.|[0025] the temperature of the flue gas after the pretreatment is not higher than 50°C, not higher than 30°C, not higher than 20°C, not higher than 10°C, or not higher than 5°C;|[0026] The volume content of the flue gas SO2 after the pretreatment is less than 100ppm, or less than 80ppm, or less than 30ppm.|[0027] The pretreated sea water is extracted from the ocean.|[0028] The pre-treated seawater comes from the secondary utilization of process drained water such as cooling seawater in a power plant.|[0029] The pretreatment is replaced by the original flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process of the fossil energy system.|[0030] The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in the flue gas absorbed and captured fossil fuel is detected and measured by detecting the difference between the CO2 content of the flue gas measured from the fossil fuel and the CO2 content of the desulfurized gas; and the CO2e measurement data is transmitted to a carbon accounting system in real time or periodically.|[0031] In step 3), that region where the seawater absorb carbon capture is located is in communication with the atmosphere.|[0032] A filler layer is provided, and in step 3), the pretreated flue gas flows through the filler layer, and the decarbonization absorption seawater flows downwards through the filler layer due to the gravitational potential energy, thereby performing seawater absorption carbon capture.|[0033] In step 3), that wash is performed above sea level, and the decarbonize absorbing seawater is drawn from the sea.|[0034] In that step 5), the decarbonize and absorb seawater is first mixed with the neutralize seawater to form mixed seawater before the seawater is discharged into the sea, so that the pH value increase reaches the statutory discharge standard.|[0035] The said meeting the statutory emission standards is to meet the emission permitted standards of the regulations governing the area where the drainage is located, including the IMO under the UN MARPOL Convention MEPC rules governing EPA in North America The pH limit in the VGP rule.|[0036] The permitted discharge standards include the provisions on the discharge mixing zones as determined by the environmental law enforcement department of the region where the drainage is located.|[0037] In the discharged seawater meeting the statutory discharge standard, the CO2 absorbed and captured by the seawater has been converted into incremental bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)—the natural and main form of carbon in the ocean, and the step 5) is injected into the ocean to realize the carbon sequestration of the ocean ions.|[0038] In the step 5), the decarbonized and absorbed seawater is discharged into seawater below the sea surface through a drainage pipe by self-weight.|[0039] The preprocessor/decarbonization absorption tower/discharge device operates at atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure), and the device drains water by self-weight into the next step, and/or into the ocean.|[0040] Provides CCS Ocean Platform.|[0041] Any one or more of the steps of pretreatment, decarbonization absorption, neutralization, etc., is performed on an offshore deployed CCS marine platform to facilitate reduction of the pumping height and energy consumption of the seawater.|[0042] The decarbonization absorbs seawater and/or neutralizes seawater, and adopts a large-flow low-lift pumping mode, so as to reduce pumping height and energy consumption.|[0043] The height of the decarbonization absorption seawater pump is not higher than 50m, or 30m, or 25m, or 20m, or 15m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m.|[0044] The neutralized seawater is extracted from the ocean.|[0045] The height of the neutralizer liquid level relative to the actual sea level is not higher than 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m, or 0.2m.|[0046] The decarbonization and absorption seawater extracted from the ocean adopts a deep water extraction mode.|[0047] The depth of the decarbonized absorption seawater extracted from the ocean is not less than 0.5m, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, or not less than 30m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m, relative to the actual sea level.|[0048] In step 3), that ratio of the flow rate of decarbonized absorption seawater to the flow rate of the fossil fuel smoke is adjust, so that the pH value of the seawater after decarbonized absorption reaches the statutory discharge standard.|[0049] In that step 5), the decarbonize and absorb seawater is first mixed with the neutralize seawater to form mixed seawater before the seawater is discharged into the sea, so that the pH value is increased to reach the statutory discharge standard.|[0050] Provide carbon-free energy sources for power generation.|[0051] The sea water pump for extracting and pumping decarbonized absorption sea water and/or neutralizing and/or pre-treating sea water from the sea is driven by a carbon-free energy generation system.|[0052] The carbon-free energy comprises one or more of wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy and nuclear energy.|[0053] The carbon-free energy source power generation system comprises an energy storage method to keep the power supply uninterrupted.|[0054] A direct carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) of air is provided, the amount of carbon dioxide directly captured and sequestrated from the atmosphere is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere by the decarbonized gas as described in step 4), so as to produce net zero carbon emission fossil energy in an overall effect.|[0055] The technical proposal of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) system of the invention comprises:|[0056] a pre-processor, which performs temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment on the fossil fuel flue gas to generate the pretreated flue gas;|[0057] decarbonization absorption tower, washing decarbonization absorption seawater to absorb and capture carbon dioxide, generating decarbonization absorption seawater and decarbonization gas, and discharging the decarbonization gas to atmosphere;|[0058] a decarbonization absorption seawater supply device for supplying a seawater pump pumped out of the ocean to the decarbonization absorption tower to become decarbonization absorption seawater;|[0059] A discharge device for discharging the decarbonized and absorbed seawater into the ocean for carbon sequestration.|[0060] The further technical scheme is as follows:|[0061] The fossil fuel is selected from one or more of natural gas, fuel oil, and coal.|[0062] The combustion device generated by the fossil fuel smoke comprises a boiler, a gas-steam combined cycle turbine (CCGT), a waste heat boiler and an internal combustion engine.|[0063] The preprocessor is configured to wash the fossil fuel fumes with pretreated seawater to achieve a temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment.|[0064] The pretreated sea water is extracted from the ocean.|[0065] The pre-treated seawater is from power plant cooled seawater.|[0066] The SO2 volume content in that pretreat flue gas is less than 100ppm, or less than 80ppm, or less than 30ppm.|[0067] The temperature of the flue gas after the pretreatment is not higher than 50°C, not higher than 30°C, not higher than 20°C, not higher than 10°C, or not higher than 5°C than the water temperature of the decarbonization absorption seawater.|[0068] The discharge device also comprises a neutralizer for mixing the decarbonized and absorbed seawater with the neutralized seawater to form mixed seawater so as to raise the pH value to reach the statutory discharge standard.|[0069] The inner cavity region of the decarbonization absorption tower used for washing is communicated with the atmosphere through an exhaust cylinder.|[0070] The internal pressure of the decarbonization absorption tower is normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).|[0071] The decarbonization absorption seawater is introduced into the decarbonization absorption tower from the upper part of the decarbonization absorption tower and is sprayed down by weight to contact with the carbon-containing gas introduced into the tower to wash the CO2 in the capture gas.|[0072] The decarbonization absorption tower is a packing type absorption tower, so that the decarbonization absorption seawater and the carbonaceous gas are contacted through the packing layer to obtain a larger gas-liquid contact area, so as to improve the trapping effect of the washing and dissolution of CO2.|[0073] The filler is made of a material which can tolerate high temperature of accident, and comprises metal, ceramic and high molecular materials.|[0074] The discharge device comprises a drain pipe for discharging the decarbonized and absorbed seawater into the seawater below the sea surface by self-weight.|[0075] The preprocessor/decarbonization absorption tower/discharge device operates at atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure), and the device drains are configured to flow into the next process by self-weight and/or into the ocean.|[0076] The decarbonization absorption tower comprises a water distributor, the height of the outlet of which is not higher than 50m, or 30m, or 25m, or 20m, or 15m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m, relative to the actual sea level.|[0077] The height of the neutralizer liquid level relative to the actual sea level is not higher than 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m, or 0.2m.|[0078] The decarbonization and absorption seawater supply device comprises a water intake pipe used for extracting seawater from the ocean below the sea level; the depth of the inlet at the lower end of the water intake pipe relative to the actual sea level is not less than 0.5m, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, or not less than 30m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m.|[0079] The discharge device also includes a drainage detection device for detecting the pH value of the seawater before discharge.|[0080] The decarbonization absorption seawater supply device also comprises a device used for adjusting the flow rate of the decarbonization absorption seawater, so that the pH value of the seawater after the decarbonization absorption meets the statutory discharge standard.|[0081] The discharging device also comprises a neutralizer, which is used for mixing the seawater after decarbonization and absorption with the neutralized seawater to form mixed seawater, so that the pH value is increased to meet the statutory discharging standard.|[0082] The system also includes a neutralization seawater supply device for extracting seawater from the ocean into a neutralization seawater.|[0083] The system also includes a CCS marine platform, where the preprocessor and/or decarbonization absorption tower and/or neutralizer are located to reduce pumping height and power consumption of the seawater and to reduce the land area occupied by the CCS system.|[0084] The CCS ocean platform is selected from one or more of a floating ocean platform, a lifting ocean platform, and a fixed ocean platform.|[0085] The CCS ocean platform is a floating ocean platform which fluctuates with the tide of the sea surface, so as to reduce the additional pumping height and power consumption due to the tide fluctuation, and is selected from one or a plurality of customized CCS floating docks and conventional ocean ships.|[0086] The CCS floating ocean platform is a CCS floating dock floating on the sea surface, rises and falls with the tide to overcome the power loss caused by the tidal difference, and the connection of the floating dock and the upper part of the ocean platform support frame with the lower part fixed on the seabed is vertical sliding and horizontal restriction.|[0087] The CCS floating dock is provided with a limited-position anchoring device to limit that the ocean platform does not have too large a horizontal movement range due to wind and wave driving.|[0088] The CCS ocean platform is a lifting ocean platform which follows the tide fluctuation of the sea surface, so as to reduce the additional pumping height and power consumption due to the tide fluctuation, and is selected from the custom ocean platforms with adjustable height.|[0089] The height of the CCS lifting ocean platform is adjusted by the ocean platform support frame, the lower end of the support frame is fixed at the bottom of the sea, and the height is adjusted by a hydraulic/pneumatic/mechanical device, and the CCS ocean platform is automatically controlled to rise and fall according to the tidal law, so as to overcome the power loss caused by the tidal difference.|[0090] The CCS ocean platform is a fixed ocean platform with a constant height to the seabed, and is selected from conventional ocean platforms.|[0091] The CCS fixes the ocean platform, the underwater part is fixed on the seabed through a support frame, the height of the water part is fixed, the elevation is designed according to the highest tide level, and the highest tide level is designed according to the first meeting every year, or once meeting every five years, or once meeting every ten years, or once meeting every fifty years.|[0092] The preprocessor is either installed on the same CCS marine platform with the decarbonization absorption tower or deployed on shore with the fossil energy system; the carbon-free power generation device, or integrated with the CCS system, is deployed on the same CCS marine platform, and/or deployed on the sea and/or shore adjacent to the CCS system.|[0093] The system also includes a floating telescopic flue for transporting flue gas from an onshore fossil energy system to a CCS marine platform.|[0094] The system also includes a device for measuring carbon capture and sequestration, for measuring carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) trapped and sequestrated in fossil fuel smoke, generating metering data, and transmitting the metering data to a carbon accounting system in real time or on a regular basis.|[0095] The apparatus for measuring carbon capture and sequestration is configured to detect the amount of carbon dioxide contained in fossil fuel fume before contact with decarbonization absorbing seawater and the amount of carbon dioxide contained in decarbonization gas after contact with decarbonization absorbing seawater, thereby achieving the measurement of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) captured and sequestrated in fossil fuel fume.|[0096] The system also includes a carbon-free energy generation system.|[0097] The carbon-free energy power generation system drives a seawater pump to extract and pump the decarbonized absorbing seawater and/or neutralize and/or pre-treat seawater from the ocean.|[0098] The carbon-free energy source power generation system comprises one or more of wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy and nuclear energy; the carbon-free energy source power generation system comprises an energy accumulator, so that power supply is uninterrupted.|[0099] The system also includes a direct atmospheric carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) system.|[0100] The technical proposal of the blue carbon power station of the invention is as follows:|[0101] The blue carbon power station is characterized in that the blue carbon power station also comprises a carbon capture and storage (CCS) system of the invention, which is used for decarbonizing the fossil fuel flue gas.|[0102] The further technical scheme is as follows:|[0103] The fossil energy system is selected from one or more of a coal-fired boiler steam turbine power generation system, a gas turbine power generation system, and a gas-steam combined cycle (CCGT) power generation system.|[0104] The blue carbon power station also comprises a flue gas bypass system, which is used for guiding the fossil fuel flue gas to the atmosphere when a risk accident occurs in the offshore carbon capture and storage system, so as to isolate the risk of the marine accident and ensure the safety of the operation of the onshore fossil energy system.|[0105] The flue gas bypass system comprises a fossil fuel flue gas bypass door and a flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder. The fossil fuel flue gas bypass door is configured to guide the fossil fuel flue gas to the flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder when a risk accident occurs in the carbon capture and storage system, thereby guiding the atmosphere.|[0106] The CCS system also comprises a fixed ocean platform, wherein the preprocessor is located on the shore, and the decarbonization absorption tower and the neutralizer are located on the fixed ocean platform; the preprocessor is configured to use the cooling seawater at the end of the turbine of the power station to wash the fossil fuel fumes for temperature reduction and/or desulphurization pretreatment; the decarbonization absorption seawater and the neutralizer seawater are extracted from the ocean, and the required energy for extraction is provided by the power station itself; and at least 70% of the carbon dioxide in the fossil fuel fumes is captured and sealed.|[0107] The CCS system also comprises an elevating ocean platform, wherein the preprocessor, the decarbonization absorption tower and the neutralizer are arranged on the elevating ocean platform; the preprocessor is configured to wash the fossil fuel flue gas with the pretreated seawater to realize the pre-treatment of temperature reduction and/or desulfurization; the pretreated seawater, the decarbonization absorption seawater and the neutralized seawater are extracted from the ocean, and the required energy for extraction is provided by the power station itself; and at least 80% of the carbon dioxide in the fossil fuel flue gas is captured and stored.|[0108] The CCS system also comprises a floating ocean platform and a carbon-free energy power generation system; the preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower and a neutralizer are arranged on the CCS ocean platform; the preprocessor is configured to wash the fossil fuel fumes with the pretreated seawater to realize the pre-treatment of temperature reduction and/or desulfurization; the pretreated seawater, the decarbonization absorption seawater and the neutralized seawater are extracted from the ocean, and the energy required for extracting the seawater is provided by the carbon-free energy power generation system and/or the power station; and at least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the fossil fuel fumes is captured and stored.|[0109] The CCS system further comprises a floating ocean platform, a carbon-free energy power generation system, and an air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system; the preprocessor, decarbonization absorption tower, and neutralizer are located on the CCS ocean platform; the CCS ocean platform is configured as a floating and/or lifting ocean platform that fluctuates with the tide; The pretreated sea water, the decarbonized and absorbed sea water, and the neutralized sea water are extracted from the sea, and the energy required for extracting the sea water is mainly provided by a carbon-free energy generation system; at least 95%, or 90%, or 85%, or 85%, or 75%, or 70%, 60%, or 50% of carbon dioxide in the fossil fuel smoke is captured and sealed; the air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system directly captures and stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and the captured and sealed carbon dioxide is equal to the carbon dioxide in the decarbonized gas discharged to the atmosphere, and the required electric energy is generated by the carbon-free energy generation system.|[0110] The clean energy products produced by the fossil energy conversion system are delivered to the outside, and the energy products include, but are not limited to, electric energy and/or thermal energy and/or mechanical energy and/or hydrogen energy.|[0111] The carbon-free energy generation system delivers a carbon-free energy product to the outside through a carbon-free energy product output channel, including but not limited to electrical energy and/or thermal energy and/or mechanical energy and/or hydrogen energy and/or other energy products.|[0112] The technical principle and effect of the invention are as follows:|[0113] The technical proposal of the invention only uses seawater to absorb and capture CO2 and convert the CO2 into hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3-)—the natural forms of the carbon in the seawater are permanently sealed and stored in the ocean, the principle of the sea water absorption and carbon capture technology and the principle of the hydrogen carbonate ion mode ocean carbon sealing technology are all based on the following ocean chemical reaction formula.|[0114] CO2 dissolved in seawater has the following chemical reaction formula:|[0115] Firstly, the principle of ocean chemistry tells us that in the normal range of pH7.8~8.3, and the pH range of 6~9 required by the ocean environmental protection regulations, the above chemical reaction formula goes to the right direction, and the product is bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)—the natural form and the main mode of existence of carbon in sea water. The technical proposal of the invention is designed according to the statutory emission standard of the specific implementation area, for example, the IMO under the United Nations MARPOL Convention MEPC pH≥6.5 in the 259 (68) rule, or governs EPA in North America VGP The pH≥6.0 equivalent limit in that 2013 rule is determine as the pH limit of the seawater discharged after decarbonization absorption of the invention, and therefore the bicarbonate ion (HCO3 -) which actually enters into and is stored in the seawater is a natural form, that is, the invention is a" bicarbonate ion (HCO3 -) marine carbon sequestration" (Ocean) Storage of HCO3-), rather than the Ocean (CO2), which is subject to public skepticism and regulatory restrictions Storage of CO2). In addition, the technical proposal of the invention not only has the advantages of being legal, but also has the technical effects of the climate environment that the marine ecological environment is friendly and the marine carbon is permanently sealed.|[0116] Secondly, the rate and amount of CO2 dissolved in seawater are negatively related to the temperature and acidity of seawater and highly sensitive: the lower the temperature and acidity of seawater, the higher the rate of CO2 dissolved and the greater the amount of CO2 dissolved, and the corresponding carbon capture rate is both greater the decarbonization depth. Therefore, the technical proposal of the invention, on the one hand, for the high-temperature and high-sulfur flue gas generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, the seawater is firstly washed and pretreated to be a low-temperature and low-sulfur gas, so as to remarkably reduce the heat and acidity brought into the decarbonization absorption seawater by the flue gas; on the other hand, fresh seawater with lower water temperature (at least 8-9°C lower than the temperature of the cooling water of a power plant) is adopted to be taken as the decarbonization absorption seawater, so that the seawater temperature and the acidity in the decarbonization absorption tower when washing, dissolving and collecting CO2 are lower, and the technical effect of further improving the carbon capture rate and increasing the decarbonization depth is achieved.|[0117] Furthermore, the invention washes and catches the CO2 in the flue gas by the decarbonization absorption seawater, and the carbon capture quantity is positively related to the decarbonization absorption seawater flow rate. Therefore, the upper limit of the capture amount and the decarburization depth is determined by the total energy consumption of the decarburized and absorbed seawater which can be borne, and the energy consumption is equal to the product of the total flow of the decarburized and absorbed seawater and the elevation elevation of the seawater; therefore, the invention adopts a large-flow low-lift pumping mode, and the processes such as the decarburized and absorbed tower which need large water quantity are arranged on a CCS ocean platform which is as close to the sea surface as possible, compared with the process area arranged on an on-shore power station, the elevation and the power consumption required by the pumping of the seawater are obviously reduced, and the power consumption of the CCS ocean platform is greatly reduced; In addition, the CCS floating ocean platform rises and falls with the tide, the elevation of the sea water lifting can always be at the optimal value, the additional energy loss caused by the elevation reserved for the tidal water fall difference (generally from a few meters to more than ten meters) is eliminated, thereby achieving the technical effect of significantly reducing the decarbonization cost, not only solving the problem that the existing power station can not deploy the CCS due to lack of land space.|[0118] In addition, the invention adopts a deep water extraction mode to extract decarbonization absorption seawater from the ocean, and aims at extracting the decarbonization absorption seawater with deeper and lower temperature to obtain higher carbon capture rate: for example, the 100m seawater in some sea areas is reduced by about 0.5°C per depth, and based on the principle that the medium vertical lifting in the homogenous (fluid) environment has no potential energy loss, increasing the water extraction depth has little influence on the power consumption of the water pump, that is, the cost is not affected, but the invention is greatly helpful to improve the carbon capture rate of the CO2 solubility.|[0119] The overall technical effect produced by the technical proposal of the invention is that: the transformation of the fossil energy such as the fuel-fired coal-fired power station to be green and low-carbon is realized with extremely low cost, and the transformation is integrated with the renewable energy for win-win development, thus creating necessary conditions for the large-scale utilization of the marine natural carbon sink power station which is necessary for realizing the climate target of 2050 net zero carbon emission.|Illustration Notes|[0120] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the method for producing clean zero-carbon fossil energy of the present invention.|[0121] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the low carbon emission energy production system of the coal-fired power station of the invention, which is characterized in that a preprocessor is arranged on shore, a decarbonization absorption tower and a neutralizer are arranged offshore, and a CCS seawater pump is driven by the auxiliary power of the power station.|[0122] Figure 3 is a sketch map of the embodiment of the low carbon emission energy production system of the gas-steam combined cycle power plant of the invention, which is characterized in that a preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower and a neutralizer are arranged on a floating CCS ocean platform, and a CCS seawater pump is driven by the auxiliary power of the power plant.|[0123] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a near-zero carbon emission energy production system of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant of the present invention, and is characterized in that a preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower, and a neutralizer are arranged on a floating CCS marine platform, and a CCS seawater pump is driven by a carbon-free energy source.|[0124] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the fossil fuel power station net zero carbon emission energy production system of the invention, which is characterized in that a preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower and a neutralizer are arranged on a floating CCS ocean platform, and a carbon-free energy source is adopted to drive a CCS seawater pump and an air direct carbon capture and storage DACCS system.|[0125] FIG. 6 is a decarbonization absorption tower structure of the present invention and a water distributor elevation thereof, and a liquid level elevation diagram of the neutralizer.|[0126] The name of the Figure Number Marker Object in the attached drawing is: 1— fossil energy system, 1.1— combustion device, 1.2— flue gas exhaust channel, 1.3— flue gas bypass door, 1.4— flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder, 1.5— fossil energy conversion device, 1.6— fossil energy power generation device, 1.7— clean energy product output channel, 2—CCS system, 2.1—CCS ocean platform, 2.1-1—CCS fixed ocean platform, 2.1-2—CCS lifting ocean platform, 2.1-3—CCS floating ocean platform (floating dock), 2.2— off-shore flue and support, 2.3— pre-processor 2.4— Pretreatment Seawater Pump, 2.5— Pretreatment Seawater Pump Water Intake Pipe, 2.6— Pretreatment Seawater Delivery Pipe, 2.7— Pretreatment Seawater Standard Drainage Pipe, 2.8— Pretreatment Seawater Treatment Tank, 2.9— Packing Layer, 2.10— Water Distributor, 2.11— Water Distributor Height, 2.12— Decarbonization Absorption Tower, 2.13— Decarbonization Absorption Seawater Pump, 2.14— Decarbonization Absorption Seawater Pump Water Intake Pipe, 2.15— Ocean Platform Support 2.16— Decarbonization Absorption Sea Water Transport Pipe, 2.17— Decarbonization Absorption Tower Drain Pipe, 2.18— Neutralizer, 2.19— Neutralizer Sea Water Pump, 2.20— Neutralizer Sea Water Intake Pipe, 2.21— Liquid Level Height of Neutralizer, 2.22— Neutralizer Sea Water Pipe, 2.23—pH Detection Controller, 2.24— Decarbonization Flue Gas Pipe, 2.25— Exhaust Cylinder, 2.26— Standard Sea Water Exhaust Pipe, 3—CO2e unit/device, 3.1—CO2e data channel, 3.2—CCS detection sampling data channel, 4— carbon-free energy generation system, 4.1— wind power station, 4.2— wind turbine, 4.3— energy storage, 4.4— power line, 4.5— photovoltaic power station, 4.6— wave power generator, 4.7— carbon-free energy product output channel, 5— direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system.|Specific Implementation Methods|[0127] Example 1: A basic embodiment of the method for producing clean zero-carbon fossil energy of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:|[0128] 1) burning fossil fuels to generate energy and fossil fuel fumes;|[0129] 2) The fossil fuel flue gas is pre-treated by temperature reduction and/or desulfurization to generate the pre-treated flue gas;|[0130] 3) Decarbonization-absorption seawater is used to capture the carbon in the pretreated flue gas, and then the decarbonization-absorption seawater and decarbonization gas are generated.|[0131] 4) exhausting the decarbonizing gas into the atmosphere;|[0132] 5) injecting decarbonized absorbed seawater into the ocean for carbon sequestration;|[0133] Example 2: An embodiment based on Example 1 includes the following steps:|[0134] 1) Burning fossil fuels to generate energy and exhausting carbon-containing (CO2) high temperature flue gas; Cooling and/or desulfurizing the high temperature flue gas into low-temperature low-sulfur carbon-containing gas and introducing it into a decarbonization absorption tower;|[0135] 2) Decarbonization absorption seawater is extracted from the ocean by a seawater pump and introduced into a decarbonization absorption tower to wash the carbon-containing gas to capture CO2 in the carbon-containing gas, thereby generating decarbonization gas and the seawater after decarbonization absorption; the decarbonization gas is discharged to the atmosphere;|[0136] 3) After the decarbonization and absorption, adjusting the pH value of the seawater to reach the discharge standard permitted by the regulations, the seawater reaches the discharge standard, and then the CO2 dissolved and captured in the seawater after the decarbonization and absorption has been converted into the incremental bicarbonate ions (HCO3-);|[0137] 4) The discharged seawater reaches the standard and is injected into the ocean water body below the sea surface by self-weight through pipelines, so as to realize the ocean carbon storage in the hydrogen carbonate ion mode;|[0138] 5) Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) for capturing and storing marine carbon is detected and measured.|[0139] The decarbonization and absorption seawater and/or the neutralization seawater extracted from the ocean adopt a large-flow low-lift pumping mode, and the required electric energy comes from fossil energy and/or carbon-free energy.|[0140] The decarbonization and absorption seawater extracted from the ocean adopts a deep water extraction mode.|[0141] The fossil fuels include natural gas, oil, and coal.|[0142] The clean energy products produced by the fossil energy conversion system are delivered to the outside, and the energy products include, but are not limited to, electric energy and/or thermal energy and/or mechanical energy and/or hydrogen energy.|[0143] Example 3: Multiple sets of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 6:|[0144] The combustion of the fossil fuel relies on air for combustion support, and the generated high-temperature flue gas pressure containing carbon is atmospheric pressure; one embodiment of the invention adopts pretreatment and washing seawater to wash the high-temperature flue gas containing carbon (CO2) for realizing the process of temperature reduction and/or desulfurization, and the invention has the advantages that the pretreatment and washing seawater are adopted for washing the high-temperature flue gas containing carbon (CO2) to realize the temperature reduction and/or desulfurization; Another embodiment uses the original flue gas desulphurization (FGD) process of the fossil energy system to replace; one embodiment of the pre-treatment washing sea water is extracted from the sea; another embodiment uses the process such as cooling sea water from a power plant to drain water; the temperature of the cooling sea water of the power plant is generally 8-9 °C higher than that of the sea water directly taken from the sea; therefore, the temperature reduction and/or desulphurization effect of the pre-treatment washing sea water directly extracted from the sea is better, and the pre-treatment washing sea water is beneficial to improving the decarbonization absorption effect and the carbon capture rate.|[0145] The temperature of the low-temperature low-sulfur carbonaceous gas and the sulfur-containing parameter before decarburization and absorption after the pretreatment, the temperature of the carbonaceous gas in one embodiment is not higher than the water temperature of the decarburized absorption seawater, respectively, but not higher than 50°C, or not higher than 30°C, or not higher than 20°C, or not higher than 10°C, or not higher than 5°C; and the volume content of the SO2 in the carbonaceous gas in the other embodiment is less than 100ppm, or less than 80ppm, or less than 30ppm. The method for adjusting the temperature and the sulfur-containing parameter of the low-temperature low-sulfur carbon-containing gas before decarburization and absorption after pretreatment is to change the flow rate of the pretreatment washing seawater.|[0146] the inner pressure of the decarbonization absorption tower is normal pressure (atmospheric pressure) and the external atmosphere is communicated with the exhaust cylinder; the decarbonization absorption sea water is introduced into the decarbonization absorption tower from the upper part of the decarbonization absorption tower and is sprayed down by the self weight to contact with the carbon-containing gas in the introduction tower so as to wash and trap the CO2;|[0147] One embodiment uses a packed absorption tower, so that the decarbonization absorption seawater and the carbonaceous gas are contacted through a packed layer to obtain a larger gas-liquid contact area, thereby obtaining a better CO2 washing and dissolving trapping effect.|[0148] The adjustment of that pH value of the sea water aft decarbonization and absorption to achieve the emission standard allow by the regulations is to meet the emission standard of the regulations which govern the area where the water is discharged, such as the IMO under the MARPOL convention of the United nations MEPC pH≥6.5 in the 259 (68) rule, or governs EPA in North America VGP The pH≥6.0 equivalent limit in Rule 2013, which includes the specification of the discharge mixing zone defined by the local environmental enforcement authorities; at this point, the CO2 washed and captured in the standard discharge seawater has been converted into incremental bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)— the natural and dominant form of carbon in the ocean, and the injection of the above-surface marine bodies of water is a step towards the realization of marine carbon sequestration based on natural and permanent bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) modes.|[0149] The method for adjusting the pH value is to adjust the ratio of the decarbonization absorption seawater flow rate and the carbon-containing gas flow rate, and/or mix the decarbonization absorption seawater with the neutralized seawater in a neutralizer and adjust the mixing ratio; for this purpose, one embodiment sets a pH detection controller in a power supply control loop of the decarbonization absorption seawater pump and the neutralizer seawater pump; the neutralized seawater is extracted from the ocean.|[0150] The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) for capturing and realizing marine carbon sequestration is detected and measured by detecting and measuring the CO2 content difference value of 1) the carbon-containing high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion of the fossil fuel and 2) the decarbonization gas discharged from the decarbonization absorption tower, and the measured CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) is transmitted to a designated carbon accounting system.|[0151] The measurement technology for detecting the CO2 content of the gas is relatively mature, and the related detection CO2e meter, the data processor and the like can be selected from a commercial flue gas component measuring instrument.|[0152] The high-flow low-lift pumping mode is for decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and neutralizer 2.18 and preprocessor 2.3, reducing the pumping altitude of seawater required by them to reduce potential energy loss, which requires reducing both the elevation of the base of the device to sea level to reduce the loss of the base potential energy and the working elevation of the device to reduce the loss of the working potential energy. One set of embodiments for reducing the loss of the underlying potential energy is that the pre-processing, decarbonization absorption, neutralization, and the like are performed on a CCS ocean platform 2.1 in one and more steps, respectively. Since CCS Ocean Platform 2.1 employs an offshore near-sea deployment design, the deployment equipment thereon is significantly lower than the base elevation deployed within the onshore power station site of the embodiments described.|[0153] One set of embodiments for reducing the loss of working potential energy, wherein the height of the horizontal centerline of the water dispenser of the decarbonization absorption tower relative to the actual sea level is not higher than 50 m, or 30 m, or 25 m, or 20 m, or 15 m, or 10 m, or 9 m, or 8 m, or 7 m, or 6 m, or 5 m, or 4 m, or 3 m, or 2 m, or 1 m, or 0.5m, respectively; another set of embodiments for reducing the loss of working potential energy, The height of the liquid level of the neutralizer relative to the actual sea level is not higher than 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m, or 0.2m, respectively.|[0154] The decarbonization and absorption seawater extracted from the ocean adopts a deep water extraction mode, and aims at extracting the decarbonization and absorption seawater which is deeper and lower in temperature to obtain higher carbon capture rate; the water temperature of some sea areas is reduced by about 0.5°C for every 100m of water depth increase, which is greatly helpful for improving the solubility of CO2, but the cost is increased little, because the power consumption of the water pump is sensitive to the pumping head and not sensitive to the water intake depth. To this end, the set of embodiments respectively extract sea water at depths of not less than 0.5m, not less than 1m, not less than 3m, not less than 5m, not less than 10m, not less than 15m, not less than 20m, not less than 30m, not less than 50m, not less than 100m, not less than 200m, not less than 300m, not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m of the actual sea level.|[0155] The seawater pump power supply for extracting decarbonized absorbing seawater and/or neutralizing seawater and/or pre-treating and washing seawater from the ocean: one set of embodiments comes from a carbon-free energy power generation system 4, which is a carbon-free energy system for wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy, nuclear energy, etc., and comprises a carbon-free energy system for supplying power intermittently by adopting an energy storage method; another set of embodiments is provided by the fossil energy system 1; and another set of embodiments is provided by the carbon-free energy power generation system 4 in cooperation with the fossil energy system 1.|[0156] Example 4: Embodiments of a carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) system implementing the method of the present invention, the system comprising:|[0157] a pre-processor, which performs temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment on the fossil fuel flue gas to generate the pretreated flue gas;|[0158] decarbonization absorption tower, washing decarbonization absorption seawater to absorb and capture carbon dioxide, generating decarbonization absorption seawater and decarbonization gas, and discharging the decarbonization gas to atmosphere;|[0159] a decarbonization absorption seawater supply device for supplying a seawater pump pumped out of the ocean to the decarbonization absorption tower to become decarbonization absorption seawater;|[0160] A discharge device for discharging the decarbonized and absorbed seawater into the ocean for carbon sequestration.|[0161] The preprocessor/decarbonization absorption tower/discharge device operates at atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure), and the device drains are configured to flow into the next process by self-weight and/or into the ocean.|[0162] Example 5: The device embodiment implementing the method of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 6:|[0163] The device provides a fossil energy system 1, a CCS system 2, a carbon-free energy power generation system 4 and an air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system 5 which are arranged according to the requirement of near-zero/net-zero carbon emission, and the fossil energy system 1 comprises a combustion device 1.1, a fossil energy conversion device 1.5, a fossil energy power generation device 1.6, A clean energy product is externally delivered through an output channel 1.7 of the clean energy product, and a high temperature flue gas containing carbon is discharged through an exhaust flue 1.2 at the same time; a CCS system 2 comprises a CCS ocean platform 2.1 used for carrying a CCS process device, an offshore flue 2.2 used for connecting a fossil energy system 1 and a CCS system 2, and a preprocessor 2.3 used for treating the high temperature flue gas containing carbon into a low temperature low sulfur carbon gas; and the CCS system 2 comprises a CCS ocean platform 2.1 used for carrying a CCS process device, and an offshore flue 2.2 used for connecting the fossil energy system 1 and the CCS system 2. The decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 is installed on the CCS ocean platform 2.1, and is used for making low-temperature low-sulfur carbon-containing gas fully contact with decarbonization absorption seawater for seawater absorption type carbon capture, and the decarbonization absorption seawater supply equipment comprises a decarbonization absorption seawater pump 2.13, a decarbonization absorption seawater pump 2.13, and a decarbonization absorption seawater pump 2.13. The decarbonization absorption sea water pump takes water pipe 2.14, the decarbonization absorption sea water delivery pipe 2.16, etc., the neutralization sea water supply equipment comprises a neutralization sea water pump 2.19, a neutralization sea water pump takes water pipe 2.20, a neutralization sea water pipe 2.22, etc., the decarbonization absorption sea water pump 2.13 provides the decarbonization absorption sea water to the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, and the neutralizer 2.18 is arranged on a CCS sea platform 2.1, and the decarbonization absorption sea water supply equipment comprises a neutralization sea water pump 2.19, a neutralization sea water pump 2.20, and a neutralization sea water pipe 2.22. The invention is used for mixing and neutralizing the decarbonized and absorbed seawater discharged from a decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the neutralized seawater provided by a neutralization seawater pump 2.19, so as to reach the discharge standard of the discharged seawater which meets the discharge standard of the regulation; the discharged seawater meets the discharge standard and is absorbed into the seawater below the sea surface through the seawater discharge pipe 2.26 which meets the discharge standard by weight, so as to realize the oceanic carbon storage of the hydrogen carbonate ion mode; A drainage pH detecting controller 2.23 (a drainage detecting device) is used for detecting and controlling the pH value of the standard discharged seawater; a CO2e measuring unit/device 3 (a device used for measuring the carbon capture and storage capacity) is used for detecting and measuring the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of the seawater absorbing carbon capture and the marine carbon capture in the hydrogen carbonate ion mode; The exhaust cylinder 2.25 is used for connecting the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 to the atmosphere so as to discharge the decarbonized gas to the atmosphere; the carbon-free energy generation system 4 and/or the fossil energy power generation device 1.6 are used for supplying power to the CCS system 2; the carbon-free energy generation system 4 delivers the carbon-free energy product to the outside through the carbon-free energy product output channel 4.7 as required; and the air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system 5 is used for directly capturing carbon dioxide from the air and sealing the carbon dioxide.|[0164] Example 6: Multiple sets of embodiments based on Example 3, as shown in Figures 1 to 6:|[0165] in one embodiment, that combustion device 1.1 describe in one embodiment is a boiler, a gas-steam combined cycle turbine (CCGT), a waste heat boiler, an internal combustion engine;|[0166] The CCS sea platform 2.1 is a CCS fixed sea platform 2.1-1, a CCS lifting sea platform 2.1-2, and a CCS floating sea platform 2.1-3:|[0167] One set of embodiments is a CCS-fixed ocean platform 2.1-1, the underwater portion being fixed to the seabed by a support frame, the height of the upper portion being fixed, and the elevation of the mounting base surface of the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the neutralizer 2.18 and the preprocessor 2.3 being designed according to the highest tide level, which is designed according to one encounter every year, one encounter every 5 years, one encounter every 10 years, and one encounter every 50 years. The embodiment designed according to the highest tidal level every year is more cost effective.|[0168] For the water equipment with fixed altitude, the pumping head should be designed according to the highest tidal level, so that the potential energy of pumping seawater will be lost when the tidal level is low. The range of high tide and low tide difference in the same sea area is different from time to time, generally several meters; for pumping large amounts of water for CCS occasions, even 0.5m, 1m tide difference will also cause considerable power loss.|[0169] A group of embodiments for overcoming the power loss caused by tidal difference adopts a CCS lifting ocean platform 2.1-2, as shown in Figure 3; the ocean platform 2.1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a support frame 2.15 of the ocean platform; the height of the ocean platform 2.1 is adjusted by the support frame 2.15 of the ocean platform; the lower end of the support frame 2.15 is fixed at the bottom of the sea; a hydraulic/pneumatic/mechanical device is arranged to adjust the height; and the CCS ocean platform 2.1 is automatically controlled to lift and descend according to the tidal law.|[0170] Another set of embodiments for overcoming the power loss caused by tidal difference adopts a CCS floating ocean platform, as shown in FIG. 3, the ocean platform 2.1 is a CCS floating dock 2.1-3 floating on the sea surface, the "water rising ship height" rises and falls with tides, and the connection of the floating dock 2.1-3 and the upper part of the ocean platform support frame 2.15 fixed to the seabed at the lower part of one embodiment is vertical sliding and horizontal restriction. In another embodiment, the CCS floating dock 2.1-3 is provided with a limit anchoring device to limit the horizontal movement range of the ocean platform from being excessively driven by the wind; the limit anchoring device is selected from the existing marine engineering equipment, such as a barge series. The CCS ocean platform described in another embodiment is replaced by a conventional ocean ship; and the other embodiment is replaced by a self-sustained snorkeling ocean platform.|[0171] A set of embodiments describe an energy product delivered to the outside through a clean energy product output channel 1.7, and/or a carbon-free energy product delivered to the outside through a carbon-free energy product output channel 4.7, respectively, electrical energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, hydrogen energy, and other energy products.|[0172] preprocessor 2.3 described in one set of embodiments, either mounted on that same CCS marine platform 2.1 with the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, or deployed on shore with the fossil energy system 1;|[0173] A carbon-free energy power generation system 4 described in one set of embodiments, or integrated with the CCS system 2, is deployed on the same CCS ocean platform 2.1, and/or on the sea and/or shore adjacent to the CCS system 2.|[0174] The decarbonization absorption sea water is introduced from the outer upper part of the decarbonization absorption tower, is scattered along the cross section of the decarbonization absorption tower by the water distributor in the decarbonization absorption tower and is sprayed down by gravity, flows through the filler layer in the tower, thereby contacting the introduced carbonaceous gas in a large area to dissolve and trap CO2. The decarbonization absorption tower adopts a filler to increase the gas-liquid contact area, and the filler is made of materials which can tolerate high temperature of accident, and comprises metal, ceramics and high molecular materials.|[0175] The offshore flue 2.2 is made of metal and/or polymer and/or other materials, and the telescopic length and bending angle can be changed in a large range, so as to adapt to the situation that the CCS ocean platform fluctuates and swings along with the tide and the sea surface wind and wave, and the CCS ocean platform can be changed in a large range The flue gas transportation between the onshore combustion facility and the CCS marine platform is always maintained; in the case where the CCS marine platform 2.1 is far from the shore, an intermediate support is provided for the offshore flue 2.2, which consists of a support fixed to the seabed and/or a pontoon bridge and/or a pontoon boat.|[0176] The decarbonized absorbing seawater has a natural temperature at the water temperature ratio extraction point used for absorption not higher than 5°C, not higher than 4°C, not higher than 3°C, not higher than 2°C, or not higher than 1°C. The neutralized seawater stream has a natural temperature at the water temperature ratio extraction point for neutralization not higher than 10°C, not higher than 5°C, not higher than 3°C, or not higher than 1°C.|[0177] The 2.26 lower end outlet of the standard seawater drain pipe is positioned at a depth below the sea level, and is respectively not less than 0.5m, not less than 1m, not less than 3m, not less than 5m, not less than 10m, not less than 15m, not less than 20m, not less than 30m, not less than 50m, not less than 100m, not less than 200m, not less than 300m, not less than 500m.|[0178] Example 7: An example of a blue carbon power station implementing the method and system scheme of the present invention, as shown in Figures 1 to 6:|[0179] The power station provides a fossil energy system 1, a CCS system 2, and a CO2e metering unit 3, and a carbon-free energy generation system 4 and an air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system 5 configured according to requirements for near-zero/net-zero carbon emission; the fossil energy system 1, one set of embodiments of which are respectively a conventional coal-fired boiler steam turbine power generation process, a gas turbine power generation process, and a gas turbine power generation process A gas-steam combined cycle power generation process (CCGT), wherein the combustion of fossil fuels generates thermal energy to drive a steam turbine and a generator to generate electric energy, and simultaneously generate carbon-containing high-temperature flue gas. The CCS system 2 comprises a preprocessor 2.3, a decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, and a neutralizer 2.18, wherein seawater is extracted from the sea to perform washing absorption type carbon capture on the flue gas, and the marine carbon sequestration is performed in a hydrogen carbonate ion mode in compliance with the regulations. The CO2e measuring unit 3 detects and measures carbon dioxide equivalent which is captured and achieves marine carbon sequestration.|[0180] In one embodiment, the power station is a low carbon emission power station, the carbon capture and storage rate is more than 70% of the decarbonization depth, the preprocessor 2.3 is arranged on the shore, the pretreated washed seawater uses the terminal end of the power station steam turbine to cool the seawater, the pretreated seawater pump 2.4 is a power station cooling water seawater pump (commonly known as a circulating water pump), the preprocessor 2.3 is arranged on the shore, the pretreated washed seawater uses the terminal end of the power station steam turbine to cool the seawater, the pretreated seawater pump 2.4 is a power station cooling water seawater pump (commonly known as a circulating water pump), and the pretreated seawater pump 2.4 is a power station cooling water seawater pump. The sea water is pretreated and washed to treat high-temperature flue gas, and then is treated by a pretreated sea water treatment tank 2.8 to discharge to the sea after reaching the discharge standards permitted by the regulations; the CCS sea platform 2.1 installed on the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the neutralizer 2.18 is a fixed sea platform; the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 requires seawater in a large-water low-lift pumping mode, and the required electric energy is generated by the self-use electricity of the fossil energy power station.|[0181] The power station in one set of embodiments is a near-zero carbon emission power station, the carbon capture and storage rate is more than 90% of the decarburization depth, the preprocessor 2.3, the decarburization absorption tower 2.12 and the CCS ocean platform 2.1 installed in the neutralizer 2.18 are lifting type, the height of which is adjustable, the CCS ocean platform; the preprocessor 2.3, the decarburization absorption tower 2.12, and the CCS ocean platform 2.1 are lifting type The neutralizer 2.18 needs sea water to be extracted from the ocean, and adopts a large-water low-lift pumping mode, and the required electric energy is mainly generated by the carbon-free energy power generation system 4; the decarbonization absorption sea water needed by the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 is extracted from the ocean, and the decarbonization absorption sea water needed by the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 is extracted from the ocean, and is respectively not less than 0.5m, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, below the actual sea level or not less than 30m, or not less than 50m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m deep sea water; the preprocessor washing sea water drainage is designed to directly reach the standard and discharge sea water.|[0182] The power station in another embodiment is a net zero carbon emission power station, as shown in FIG. 5, the carbon capture and storage rate is about 100% of the decarbonization depth; the preprocessor 2.3, the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the CCS ocean platform 2.1 installed in the neutralizer 2.18 adopt the CCS floating dock; The preprocessor 2.3, the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, the seawater required by the neutralizer 2.18 adopts a large water quantity low lift pumping mode, and the required electric energy is generated by the carbon-free energy power generation system 4; the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 respectively captures the carbon-containing flue gas of the fossil fuel of the power station by not less than 95%, or not less than 90%, or not less than 85%, or not less than 80%, or not less than 75%, Said air direct carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) system (5) captures CO2 directly from the atmosphere and sequesters the amount of CO2 to the atmosphere which is equal to the discharge amount of CO2 to the atmosphere remaining in decarbonized gas after the decarbonization absorption and capture, and the required electric energy comes from a carbon-free energy generation system (4).|[0183] Another embodiment of the fossil energy system 1 provides a flue gas bypass system, comprising a fossil fuel flue gas bypass door 1.3 and a flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder 1.4. The fossil fuel flue gas bypass door 1.3 is connected between an onshore fossil fuel combustion device 1 and an offshore flue 2.2 inlet, and is used for directing the fossil fuel flue gas to the flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder 1.4 when a risk accident occurs in the sea surface floating deployment CCS process system, so as to disentangle the CCS process system, isolate the risk of a marine accident, and guarantee the safety of the onshore fossil energy system operation.|[0184] Example 8: A set of embodiments for transforming a coastal coal-fired power plant group from a low-carbon to a blue-carbon power plant, as shown in Figures 1 to 5: The power plant group was originally a coal-fired power plant group operating in an existing power grid, with a total installation of 5.28GW, including eight sets of 660MW ultra-supercritical power plants. The total CO2 emission from the coal-fired boiler of the power plant was approximately 20Mt/yr, the emitted flue gas temperature was approximately 128°C, the volume content of SO2 in the discharged flue gas was approximately 300 to 800ppm depending on the coal quality, and the CO2 was approximately 13 to 15% of the discharged flue gas volume. The original flue gas desulphurization(FGD) system consists of 8 sets of limestone/gypsum wet desulphurization process, the evaporation capacity of a single boiler is 2,078t/h, the flue gas capacity of a single boiler is 1,900,000Nm3/h, and the elevation of the zero meter layer of the power plant is 30m.|[0185] The first embodiment is a reconstruction example of a low carbon emission fossil energy production device, the reconstruction process: 1) the original limestone/gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system of a power station is taken as a substitute preprocessor 2.3, so as to treat the discharged flue gas of the power station into a CO2-containing gas flow with a temperature of about 60°C and a concentration of SO2 of less than 80ppm; and 2) the original FGD flue gas bypass door of the power station is reconstructed into a flue gas bypass door 1.3 which is matched with the process of the invention The original exhausting cylinder of the power station is changed into a flue gas bypass exhausting cylinder 1.4 which is matched with the technique of the invention; 3) the fixed CCS ocean platform 2.1 is constructed and debugged off-line, and CCS technical facilities such as decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, neutralizer 2.18, offshore flue 2.2, etc. are constructed on the sea platform; the off-line means that the construction, installation and debugging process before the access does not affect the operation of the on-shore power station completely; 4) during the planned repair and shutdown period of the power station, the CCS ocean platform is debugged and debugged The CCS system is connected to the CCS ocean platform 2.1 and the CCS system thereof, and/or the built flue gas bypass door 1.3 is used to switch the CCS system to be connected to the CCS system under the non-stop state of the power station; the power supply of the CCS system is borne by the auxiliary power of the power station. After implementation, the coal-fired power plant achieves low-carbon emission, and the carbon capture and storage rate is more than 75%, and the total CCS is 15Mt/yr.|[0186] The second embodiment is carried out on the basis of the first embodiment, and is a modified embodiment of a near-zero carbon emission fossil energy production device. The modification process is as follows: 1) a special seawater washing type preprocessor 2.3 is arranged on a CCS lifting ocean platform 2.1-2, and fresh seawater is extracted from the CCS ocean platform 2.1 to be used for pretreatment seawater washing nearby, so that the temperature of the pretreated smoke is significantly reduced compared with that of the first embodiment; 2) a decarbonization absorption seawater pump 2.13 is arranged on the lifting CCS ocean platform 2.1-2, and the lower end water intake of the decarbonization absorption seawater pump water intake pipe 2.14 is located at a depth of 300m below the sea surface, The invention leads the decarbonization absorption to be carried out under the lower temperature condition, thereby increasing the carbon capture rate and reducing the power consumption; 3) a newly built wind power station and/or a photovoltaic power station on the sea and/or the shore near the power station are taken as a carbon-free energy source power generation system, and all the required power is provided to the CCS system, so that the carbon capture and storage process does not consume the electricity of the fossil energy source, and the carbon footprint is zero; after the implementation, the coal-fired power station realizes near-zero carbon emission, and the carbon capture and storage rate reaches 95%, and the total CCS is 19Mt/yr.|[0187] The overall effects of this embodiment are:|[0188] 1) After the original FGD process system was shut down and dismantled, hundreds of thousands of tons of ore (desulfurizer) were previously consumed annually from mines hundreds of kilometers away, and millions of tons of freshwater (desulfurizer solvent) were consumed annually from seawater desalination. The substantial carbon emissions from the consumption of these energy resources, as well as their economic costs, have been reduced to zero.|[0189] 2) Since the increased cost of the deep decarbonization of the present embodiment is close to the operating cost of the original FGD, the total cost increase of power generation after adding the deep decarbonization function of the power station is little or even no increase.|[0190] 3) All CO2 trapped is transformed into bicarbonate—the natural form of carbon in seawater, which is permanently sealed in the carbon catchment reservoir of marine ecosystem. It not only conforms to the existing international conventions and national regulations, but also ensures the marine ecological environment friendly.|[0191] Example 9: Another example of low-carbon transformation of a coastal coal-fired power plant group, as shown in Figures 1 to 5: The power plant group is a coal-fired power plant group operating in the existing power grid, with a total installation of 5.28GW, including eight sets of 660MW ultra-supercritical power plant groups, and the total emission of CO2 by the coal-fired power plant boilers is about 20Mt/yr, and the emission smoke temperature is about 128°C. The volume content of SO2 in the flue gas is changed to 300-800ppm depending on the coal quality, and the CO2 is about 13-15% of the flue gas volume; the original flue gas desulphurization (FGD) is 8 sets of seawater desulphurization process, and the cooling water of a power plant turbine is used as the desulphurization process washing desulphurizer; the evaporation capacity of a single boiler is 2,075t/h, the flue gas capacity of a single boiler is 1,905,000Nm3/h; the elevation of the zero meter layer of the power plant is 33m.|[0192] The first embodiment is a modified embodiment of a low carbon emission fossil energy production device, the implementation process is as follows: 1) the original seawater flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system of the power station is taken as a substitute preprocessor 2.3, so as to treat the discharged flue gas of the power station into a CO2-containing gas flow with a temperature of about 40°C and a SO2 concentration of less than 80ppm; and 2), 3), and 4) steps are the same as steps 2), 3), and 4) of the first implementation process of Example 6, after the implementation, the coal-fired power station realizes low carbon emission, and the carbon capture and storage rate of the coal-fired power station is more than 80%, and the total CCS is about 16Mt/yr.|[0193] The second embodiment is the reconstruction example of a near-zero carbon emission fossil energy production device, the reconstruction process is basically the same as that of the second implementation process of Example 6, and the effects after implementation are basically the same: the coal-fired power plant achieves near-zero carbon emission, the carbon capture and storage rate thereof reaches 95%, and the total CCS is 19Mt/yr.|[0194] The third embodiment is an embodiment of retrofitting a clean zero carbon emission fossil energy production device, and is carried out on the basis of the second embodiment, adding an ocean-based direct carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) system, the new DACCS system and all power required by the original CCS system, and the DACCS system. The coal-fired power station realizes the net zero carbon emission after the implementation, and the flue gas carbon capture and storage rate of the coal-fired power station is 95%, the total CCS amount is 19Mt/yr, and the total DACCS amount is 1Mt/yr, which is equal to the residual amount after carbon capture and storage; the total carbon reduction amount of the CCS+DACCS is 20Mt/yr, which is equal to the CO2 amount of the coal-fired power station 20Mt/yr.|[0195] All new CCS and/or DACCS processes are deployed offshore, solving the problem of lacking CCS deployment space in existing coastal power plants.|[0196] Example 10: Low Carbon Transition Example for a Coastal Gas Power Plant. The fuel of the coastal gas power station is liquefied natural gas (LNG), and three sets of gas-steam combined cycle power generating sets are arranged, each set is 400MW, and the total is 1200MW; the exhaust gas temperature of the waste heat boiler is about 85 to 100°C; the content of the SO2 is very low and no desulphurization is required; and the flue gas contains about 7% of the CO2. The implementation process of the embodiment is as follows: 1) a flue gas bypass door 1.3 required by the process is additionally arranged for a flue gas discharging flue of a waste heat boiler of a power station, and the original exhaust cylinder of the power station is changed into a flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder 1.4 required by the process of the invention; 2) a CCS ocean platform 2.1 is constructed and debugged off-line, the ocean platform is a CCS floating dock 2.1-3, and a seawater washing type pre-processor 2.3 is constructed on the ocean platform, so as to treat the high temperature CO2 flue gas discharged from the power station into a CO2 gas flow with a temperature of about 30°C; The decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the neutralizer 2.18, the offshore flue 2.2 and other CCS process facilities are provided; 3) during the planned overhaul and shutdown of the power station, the CCS floating dock and the CCS system thereof are accessed, and/or the built flue gas bypass door 1.3 is utilized to switch the CCS system to the CCS system under the condition that the power station does not shutdown; the power supply of the CCS system is borne by the auxiliary power of the power station. After implementation, the gas-fired power station achieves near-zero carbon emission, and the carbon capture and storage rate is more than 95%.|[0197] The natural gas power station represented by the gas-steam combined cycle process has the carbon emission reduced by half compared with the same power generation capacity of coal-fired power station, but the total scale is not small, the total scale is expanded continuously, and the influence on the global carbon emission is greater than that of the coal-fired power station; the low carbon transformation of the gas power station is realized by adopting the technical proposal of the invention, and the invention has important significance for realizing the climate target.|[0198] The scope of protection of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. | (WO2024/140859)|technical field|[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing clean zero carbon fossil energy, a CCS system and a blue carbon power station, belonging to the technical field of climate energy transformation and the technical field of marine engineering, in particular to a production technology of clean zero carbon fossil energy mainly based on carbon capture and storage (CCS).|background technology|[0002] The transition to clean and low-carbon fossil fuels and the development of renewable energy have been seen as two key pillars that will be needed to meet the Paris climate target of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. However, for a long time, renewable energy has achieved great development, the cost continues to decrease and the scale of expansion, while the clean and low-carbon transition of fossil energy has stalled. The International Energy Agency's 2016 report argues that the key technology for a clean, low-carbon transition to a net-zero carbon target for fossil fuels — commercial carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) power station projects — will require hundreds of projects by 2020 and thousands by 2050. But as of March 2023, there had been only one case of a global coal-fired power station, and even one, gas-fired, which has a greater impact on carbon emissions, was shut down in 2020 because of unaffordable fundamentals. For 30 years, CCS solutions have failed to overcome the challenges of cost and scale.|[0003] The cost-reduction constraint is the affordability of the energy consumption of carbon capture materials: all types of carbon capture technologies that have been in the process of experimentation and are highly dependent on artificial chemical sorbents, whose structural characteristics of high material consumption and high energy consumption are difficult to change; the scale-reduction constraint is the availability of carbon sinks for carbon sequestration: since the early 2000s (2002) international collaborative experiment on "molecular" carbon sequestration for carbon dioxide in the ocean, when regulatory and marine ecological issues were discontinued/terminated, almost all carbon sequestration technology pilot demonstrations have been highly dependent on geological (including seabed geology) carbon sequestration, which accounts for less than 5% of the natural carbon sequestration of the earth Moreover, the structural defects of CCS as a whole are prominent: the carbon capture technology links and the carbon sequestration technology links are independent, and there is no continuous CCS chain, so that the "source-sink match" can not be achieved between the first and the last, but the implementation of the "utilization" as a temporary carbon storage mode, and the overall cost of CCS is further increased and the size of the achievable carbon sinks is further compressed.|[0004] Since the Paris Agreement, the increasing popularity of the concept of "blue carbon" aimed at harnessing the natural carbon sinks of the oceans has shown that the substantial amount of CO2 emitted as a result of the reduction/negative emission of the net-zero carbon target has to be stored by large-scale natural marine carbon sinks (representing >93% of the Earth's natural carbon aggregates), the basic logic of climate mitigation, More than 10 years after the requirements and commitments of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for the sustainable use of carbon sinks from marine ecosystems (living and abiotic factors) and the vision of the United Nations Climate Change Specialized Committee (IPCC) that the use of marine natural carbon sinks would constitute the most cost effective mitigation program were put on hold due to the failure of early testing, the field is being reconceived and new technologies for the use of marine natural carbon sinks are being explored.|[0005] However, many of the current technical solutions proposed under the concept of "blue carbon" are basically limited to the edge of the concept of "blue carbon" — the use of "coastal carbon sink". Only depending on the biological carbon sink of mangroves, seagrass, algae and other coastal vegetation to naturally absorb CO2 in the air, can not be used in other occasions to reduce carbon emissions. Even for the application of negative emissions (air direct carbon capture), the theoretical scale of the coastal biological carbon sinks is very limited because the carbon sinks of marine organisms account for a very small proportion in marine ecosystems, and the contact area between coastal areas and air is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the entire ocean/atmosphere interface. In addition, most of the coastal organisms can not contact the air in the ocean water and many other constraints, the actual scale of the carbon sinks is even negligible. It is clear that the "most cost effective mitigation solution using natural carbon sinks of the oceans" proposed by IPCC is a technical challenge that has been eagerly sought and consistently unsuccessful in this field.|[0006] As a targeted solution, the CCS technical solution of seawater method (Patent No.: US) was proposed in 2016 11,045,785 B2), based on the FGD development experience and spillover knowledge, a CO2 emission reduction (and negative emission) technology scheme utilizing natural carbon sinks of marine ecosystems is disclosed: carbon capture (zero addition of artificial chemicals) and natural alkalinity carbon sequestration of the oceans only using seawater scrubbing. But there are still gaps in the technology described for meeting the 2050 net-zero carbon climate target and for the urgent need to increase the depth of decarbonization and speed up large-scale deployment.|[0007] Contents of Invention|[0008] The first purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior carbon capture technology and provide a low-cost deep carbon capture technology proposal of fossil energy in the scale of a power station;|[0009] The second object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of the prior carbon storage technology and provide a low-cost ocean carbon storage technical proposal of a power station with friendly ecological environment, which conforms to international conventions and regulations;|[0010] the third object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, and provide a low-cost carbon capture and storage technical proposal with a whole-process power station scale;|[0011] The fourth object of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a carbon capture and storage technical proposal based on the zero addition of natural full-process artificial chemicals;|[0012] The fifth object of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a climate mitigation technical proposal for transforming the integration and win-win development of clean energy and renewable energy;|[0013] The general purpose of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a blue carbon power station engineering technical proposal which utilizes the carbon sinks of the marine ecosystem (biological and non-biological factors) on a large scale and can accelerate the deployment, and create the necessary conditions for obtaining the massive natural carbon sinks for the climate target of net zero carbon emission.|[0014] The technical proposal of the method for producing the clean zero-carbon fossil energy of the invention comprises the following steps:|[0015] 1) burning fossil fuels to generate energy and fossil fuel fumes;|[0016] 2) The fossil fuel flue gas is pre-treated by temperature reduction and/or desulfurization to generate the pre-treated flue gas;|[0017] 3) Decarbonization-absorption seawater is used to capture the carbon in the pretreated flue gas, and then the decarbonization-absorption seawater and decarbonization gas are generated.|[0018] 4) exhausting the decarbonizing gas into the atmosphere;|[0019] 5) injecting decarbonized absorbed seawater into the ocean for carbon sequestration;|[0020] The further technical proposal is that the method also comprises the following steps:|[0021] The fossil fuel is selected from one or more of natural gas, fuel oil, and coal.|[0022] The energy source is one or more of electric energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy and hydrogen energy.|[0023] The combustion of the fossil fuel relies on air to support combustion, and the generated carbon-containing high-temperature flue gas pressure is atmospheric pressure.|[0024] In the step 2), the fossil fuel fumes are washed with pretreated seawater to achieve temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment.|[0025] the temperature of the flue gas after the pretreatment is not higher than 50°C, not higher than 30°C, not higher than 20°C, not higher than 10°C, or not higher than 5°C;|[0026] The volume content of the flue gas SO2 after the pretreatment is less than 100ppm, or less than 80ppm, or less than 30ppm.|[0027] The pretreated sea water is extracted from the ocean.|[0028] The pre-treated seawater comes from the secondary utilization of process drained water such as cooling seawater in a power plant.|[0029] The pretreatment is replaced by the original flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process of the fossil energy system.|[0030] The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in the flue gas absorbed and captured fossil fuel is detected and measured by detecting the difference between the CO2 content of the flue gas measured from the fossil fuel and the CO2 content of the desulfurized gas; and the CO2e measurement data is transmitted to a carbon accounting system in real time or periodically.|[0031] In step 3), that region where the seawater absorb carbon capture is located is in communication with the atmosphere.|[0032] A filler layer is provided, and in step 3), the pretreated flue gas flows through the filler layer, and the decarbonization absorption seawater flows downwards through the filler layer due to the gravitational potential energy, thereby performing seawater absorption carbon capture.|[0033] In step 3), that wash is performed above sea level, and the decarbonize absorbing seawater is drawn from the sea.|[0034] In that step 5), the decarbonize and absorb seawater is first mixed with the neutralize seawater to form mixed seawater before the seawater is discharged into the sea, so that the pH value increase reaches the statutory discharge standard.|[0035] The said meeting the statutory emission standards is to meet the emission permitted standards of the regulations governing the area where the drainage is located, including the IMO under the UN MARPOL Convention MEPC rules governing EPA in North America The pH limit in the VGP rule.|[0036] The permitted discharge standards include the provisions on the discharge mixing zones as determined by the environmental law enforcement department of the region where the drainage is located.|[0037] In the discharged seawater meeting the statutory discharge standard, the CO2 absorbed and captured by the seawater has been converted into incremental bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)—the natural and main form of carbon in the ocean, and the step 5) is injected into the ocean to realize the carbon sequestration of the ocean ions.|[0038] In the step 5), the decarbonized and absorbed seawater is discharged into seawater below the sea surface through a drainage pipe by self-weight.|[0039] The preprocessor/decarbonization absorption tower/discharge device operates at atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure), and the device drains water by self-weight into the next step, and/or into the ocean.|[0040] Provides CCS Ocean Platform.|[0041] Any one or more of the steps of pretreatment, decarbonization absorption, neutralization, etc., is performed on an offshore deployed CCS marine platform to facilitate reduction of the pumping height and energy consumption of the seawater.|[0042] The decarbonization absorbs seawater and/or neutralizes seawater, and adopts a large-flow low-lift pumping mode, so as to reduce pumping height and energy consumption.|[0043] The height of the decarbonization absorption seawater pump is not higher than 50m, or 30m, or 25m, or 20m, or 15m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m.|[0044] The neutralized seawater is extracted from the ocean.|[0045] The height of the neutralizer liquid level relative to the actual sea level is not higher than 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m, or 0.2m.|[0046] The decarbonization and absorption seawater extracted from the ocean adopts a deep water extraction mode.|[0047] The depth of the decarbonized absorption seawater extracted from the ocean is not less than 0.5m, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, or not less than 30m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m, relative to the actual sea level.|[0048] In step 3), that ratio of the flow rate of decarbonized absorption seawater to the flow rate of the fossil fuel smoke is adjust, so that the pH value of the seawater after decarbonized absorption reaches the statutory discharge standard.|[0049] In that step 5), the decarbonize and absorb seawater is first mixed with the neutralize seawater to form mixed seawater before the seawater is discharged into the sea, so that the pH value is increased to reach the statutory discharge standard.|[0050] Provide carbon-free energy sources for power generation.|[0051] The sea water pump for extracting and pumping decarbonized absorption sea water and/or neutralizing and/or pre-treating sea water from the sea is driven by a carbon-free energy generation system.|[0052] The carbon-free energy comprises one or more of wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy and nuclear energy.|[0053] The carbon-free energy source power generation system comprises an energy storage method to keep the power supply uninterrupted.|[0054] A direct carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) of air is provided, the amount of carbon dioxide directly captured and sequestrated from the atmosphere is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere by the decarbonized gas as described in step 4), so as to produce net zero carbon emission fossil energy in an overall effect.|[0055] The technical proposal of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) system of the invention comprises:|[0056] a pre-processor, which performs temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment on the fossil fuel flue gas to generate the pretreated flue gas;|[0057] decarbonization absorption tower, washing decarbonization absorption seawater to absorb and capture carbon dioxide, generating decarbonization absorption seawater and decarbonization gas, and discharging the decarbonization gas to atmosphere;|[0058] a decarbonization absorption seawater supply device for supplying a seawater pump pumped out of the ocean to the decarbonization absorption tower to become decarbonization absorption seawater;|[0059] A discharge device for discharging the decarbonized and absorbed seawater into the ocean for carbon sequestration.|[0060] The further technical scheme is as follows:|[0061] The fossil fuel is selected from one or more of natural gas, fuel oil, and coal.|[0062] The combustion device generated by the fossil fuel smoke comprises a boiler, a gas-steam combined cycle turbine (CCGT), a waste heat boiler and an internal combustion engine.|[0063] The preprocessor is configured to wash the fossil fuel fumes with pretreated seawater to achieve a temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment.|[0064] The pretreated sea water is extracted from the ocean.|[0065] The pre-treated seawater is from power plant cooled seawater.|[0066] The SO2 volume content in that pretreat flue gas is less than 100ppm, or less than 80ppm, or less than 30ppm.|[0067] The temperature of the flue gas after the pretreatment is not higher than 50°C, not higher than 30°C, not higher than 20°C, not higher than 10°C, or not higher than 5°C than the water temperature of the decarbonization absorption seawater.|[0068] The discharge device also comprises a neutralizer for mixing the decarbonized and absorbed seawater with the neutralized seawater to form mixed seawater so as to raise the pH value to reach the statutory discharge standard.|[0069] The inner cavity region of the decarbonization absorption tower used for washing is communicated with the atmosphere through an exhaust cylinder.|[0070] The internal pressure of the decarbonization absorption tower is normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).|[0071] The decarbonization absorption seawater is introduced into the decarbonization absorption tower from the upper part of the decarbonization absorption tower and is sprayed down by weight to contact with the carbon-containing gas introduced into the tower to wash the CO2 in the capture gas.|[0072] The decarbonization absorption tower is a packing type absorption tower, so that the decarbonization absorption seawater and the carbonaceous gas are contacted through the packing layer to obtain a larger gas-liquid contact area, so as to improve the trapping effect of the washing and dissolution of CO2.|[0073] The filler is made of a material which can tolerate high temperature of accident, and comprises metal, ceramic and high molecular materials.|[0074] The discharge device comprises a drain pipe for discharging the decarbonized and absorbed seawater into the seawater below the sea surface by self-weight.|[0075] The preprocessor/decarbonization absorption tower/discharge device operates at atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure), and the device drains are configured to flow into the next process by self-weight and/or into the ocean.|[0076] The decarbonization absorption tower comprises a water distributor, the height of the outlet of which is not higher than 50m, or 30m, or 25m, or 20m, or 15m, or 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m, relative to the actual sea level.|[0077] The height of the neutralizer liquid level relative to the actual sea level is not higher than 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m, or 0.2m.|[0078] The decarbonization and absorption seawater supply device comprises a water intake pipe used for extracting seawater from the ocean below the sea level; the depth of the inlet at the lower end of the water intake pipe relative to the actual sea level is not less than 0.5m, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, or not less than 30m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m.|[0079] The discharge device also includes a drainage detection device for detecting the pH value of the seawater before discharge.|[0080] The decarbonization absorption seawater supply device also comprises a device used for adjusting the flow rate of the decarbonization absorption seawater, so that the pH value of the seawater after the decarbonization absorption meets the statutory discharge standard.|[0081] The discharging device also comprises a neutralizer, which is used for mixing the seawater after decarbonization and absorption with the neutralized seawater to form mixed seawater, so that the pH value is increased to meet the statutory discharging standard.|[0082] The system also includes a neutralization seawater supply device for extracting seawater from the ocean into a neutralization seawater.|[0083] The system also includes a CCS marine platform, where the preprocessor and/or decarbonization absorption tower and/or neutralizer are located to reduce pumping height and power consumption of the seawater and to reduce the land area occupied by the CCS system.|[0084] The CCS ocean platform is selected from one or more of a floating ocean platform, a lifting ocean platform, and a fixed ocean platform.|[0085] The CCS ocean platform is a floating ocean platform which fluctuates with the tide of the sea surface, so as to reduce the additional pumping height and power consumption due to the tide fluctuation, and is selected from one or a plurality of customized CCS floating docks and conventional ocean ships.|[0086] The CCS floating ocean platform is a CCS floating dock floating on the sea surface, rises and falls with the tide to overcome the power loss caused by the tidal difference, and the connection of the floating dock and the upper part of the ocean platform support frame with the lower part fixed on the seabed is vertical sliding and horizontal restriction.|[0087] The CCS floating dock is provided with a limited-position anchoring device to limit that the ocean platform does not have too large a horizontal movement range due to wind and wave driving.|[0088] The CCS ocean platform is a lifting ocean platform which follows the tide fluctuation of the sea surface, so as to reduce the additional pumping height and power consumption due to the tide fluctuation, and is selected from the custom ocean platforms with adjustable height.|[0089] The height of the CCS lifting ocean platform is adjusted by the ocean platform support frame, the lower end of the support frame is fixed at the bottom of the sea, and the height is adjusted by a hydraulic/pneumatic/mechanical device, and the CCS ocean platform is automatically controlled to rise and fall according to the tidal law, so as to overcome the power loss caused by the tidal difference.|[0090] The CCS ocean platform is a fixed ocean platform with a constant height to the seabed, and is selected from conventional ocean platforms.|[0091] The CCS fixes the ocean platform, the underwater part is fixed on the seabed through a support frame, the height of the water part is fixed, the elevation is designed according to the highest tide level, and the highest tide level is designed according to the first meeting every year, or once meeting every five years, or once meeting every ten years, or once meeting every fifty years.|[0092] The preprocessor is either installed on the same CCS marine platform with the decarbonization absorption tower or deployed on shore with the fossil energy system; the carbon-free power generation device, or integrated with the CCS system, is deployed on the same CCS marine platform, and/or deployed on the sea and/or shore adjacent to the CCS system.|[0093] The system also includes a floating telescopic flue for transporting flue gas from an onshore fossil energy system to a CCS marine platform.|[0094] The system also includes a device for measuring carbon capture and sequestration, for measuring carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) trapped and sequestrated in fossil fuel smoke, generating metering data, and transmitting the metering data to a carbon accounting system in real time or on a regular basis.|[0095] The apparatus for measuring carbon capture and sequestration is configured to detect the amount of carbon dioxide contained in fossil fuel fume before contact with decarbonization absorbing seawater and the amount of carbon dioxide contained in decarbonization gas after contact with decarbonization absorbing seawater, thereby achieving the measurement of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) captured and sequestrated in fossil fuel fume.|[0096] The system also includes a carbon-free energy generation system.|[0097] The carbon-free energy power generation system drives a seawater pump to extract and pump the decarbonized absorbing seawater and/or neutralize and/or pre-treat seawater from the ocean.|[0098] The carbon-free energy source power generation system comprises one or more of wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy and nuclear energy; the carbon-free energy source power generation system comprises an energy accumulator, so that power supply is uninterrupted.|[0099] The system also includes a direct atmospheric carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) system.|[0100] The technical proposal of the blue carbon power station of the invention is as follows:|[0101] The blue carbon power station is characterized in that the blue carbon power station also comprises a carbon capture and storage (CCS) system of the invention, which is used for decarbonizing the fossil fuel flue gas.|[0102] The further technical scheme is as follows:|[0103] The fossil energy system is selected from one or more of a coal-fired boiler steam turbine power generation system, a gas turbine power generation system, and a gas-steam combined cycle (CCGT) power generation system.|[0104] The blue carbon power station also comprises a flue gas bypass system, which is used for guiding the fossil fuel flue gas to the atmosphere when a risk accident occurs in the offshore carbon capture and storage system, so as to isolate the risk of the marine accident and ensure the safety of the operation of the onshore fossil energy system.|[0105] The flue gas bypass system comprises a fossil fuel flue gas bypass door and a flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder. The fossil fuel flue gas bypass door is configured to guide the fossil fuel flue gas to the flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder when a risk accident occurs in the carbon capture and storage system, thereby guiding the atmosphere.|[0106] The CCS system also comprises a fixed ocean platform, wherein the preprocessor is located on the shore, and the decarbonization absorption tower and the neutralizer are located on the fixed ocean platform; the preprocessor is configured to use the cooling seawater at the end of the turbine of the power station to wash the fossil fuel fumes for temperature reduction and/or desulphurization pretreatment; the decarbonization absorption seawater and the neutralizer seawater are extracted from the ocean, and the required energy for extraction is provided by the power station itself; and at least 70% of the carbon dioxide in the fossil fuel fumes is captured and sealed.|[0107] The CCS system also comprises an elevating ocean platform, wherein the preprocessor, the decarbonization absorption tower and the neutralizer are arranged on the elevating ocean platform; the preprocessor is configured to wash the fossil fuel flue gas with the pretreated seawater to realize the pre-treatment of temperature reduction and/or desulfurization; the pretreated seawater, the decarbonization absorption seawater and the neutralized seawater are extracted from the ocean, and the required energy for extraction is provided by the power station itself; and at least 80% of the carbon dioxide in the fossil fuel flue gas is captured and stored.|[0108] The CCS system also comprises a floating ocean platform and a carbon-free energy power generation system; the preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower and a neutralizer are arranged on the CCS ocean platform; the preprocessor is configured to wash the fossil fuel fumes with the pretreated seawater to realize the pre-treatment of temperature reduction and/or desulfurization; the pretreated seawater, the decarbonization absorption seawater and the neutralized seawater are extracted from the ocean, and the energy required for extracting the seawater is provided by the carbon-free energy power generation system and/or the power station; and at least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the fossil fuel fumes is captured and stored.|[0109] The CCS system further comprises a floating ocean platform, a carbon-free energy power generation system, and an air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system; the preprocessor, decarbonization absorption tower, and neutralizer are located on the CCS ocean platform; the CCS ocean platform is configured as a floating and/or lifting ocean platform that fluctuates with the tide; The pretreated sea water, the decarbonized and absorbed sea water, and the neutralized sea water are extracted from the sea, and the energy required for extracting the sea water is mainly provided by a carbon-free energy generation system; at least 95%, or 90%, or 85%, or 85%, or 75%, or 70%, 60%, or 50% of carbon dioxide in the fossil fuel smoke is captured and sealed; the air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system directly captures and stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and the captured and sealed carbon dioxide is equal to the carbon dioxide in the decarbonized gas discharged to the atmosphere, and the required electric energy is generated by the carbon-free energy generation system.|[0110] The clean energy products produced by the fossil energy conversion system are delivered to the outside, and the energy products include, but are not limited to, electric energy and/or thermal energy and/or mechanical energy and/or hydrogen energy.|[0111] The carbon-free energy generation system delivers a carbon-free energy product to the outside through a carbon-free energy product output channel, including but not limited to electrical energy and/or thermal energy and/or mechanical energy and/or hydrogen energy and/or other energy products.|[0112] The technical principle and effect of the invention are as follows:|[0113] The technical proposal of the invention only uses seawater to absorb and capture CO2 and convert the CO2 into hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO3-)—the natural forms of the carbon in the seawater are permanently sealed and stored in the ocean, the principle of the sea water absorption and carbon capture technology and the principle of the hydrogen carbonate ion mode ocean carbon sealing technology are all based on the following ocean chemical reaction formula.|[0114] CO2 dissolved in seawater has the following chemical reaction formula:|[0115] Firstly, the principle of ocean chemistry tells us that in the normal range of pH7.8~8.3, and the pH range of 6~9 required by the ocean environmental protection regulations, the above chemical reaction formula goes to the right direction, and the product is bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)—the natural form and the main mode of existence of carbon in sea water. The technical proposal of the invention is designed according to the statutory emission standard of the specific implementation area, for example, the IMO under the United Nations MARPOL Convention MEPC pH≥6.5 in the 259 (68) rule, or governs EPA in North America VGP The pH≥6.0 equivalent limit in that 2013 rule is determine as the pH limit of the seawater discharged after decarbonization absorption of the invention, and therefore the bicarbonate ion (HCO3 -) which actually enters into and is stored in the seawater is a natural form, that is, the invention is a" bicarbonate ion (HCO3 -) marine carbon sequestration" (Ocean) Storage of HCO3-), rather than the Ocean (CO2), which is subject to public skepticism and regulatory restrictions Storage of CO2). In addition, the technical proposal of the invention not only has the advantages of being legal, but also has the technical effects of the climate environment that the marine ecological environment is friendly and the marine carbon is permanently sealed.|[0116] Secondly, the rate and amount of CO2 dissolved in seawater are negatively related to the temperature and acidity of seawater and highly sensitive: the lower the temperature and acidity of seawater, the higher the rate of CO2 dissolved and the greater the amount of CO2 dissolved, and the corresponding carbon capture rate is both greater the decarbonization depth. Therefore, the technical proposal of the invention, on the one hand, for the high-temperature and high-sulfur flue gas generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, the seawater is firstly washed and pretreated to be a low-temperature and low-sulfur gas, so as to remarkably reduce the heat and acidity brought into the decarbonization absorption seawater by the flue gas; on the other hand, fresh seawater with lower water temperature (at least 8-9°C lower than the temperature of the cooling water of a power plant) is adopted to be taken as the decarbonization absorption seawater, so that the seawater temperature and the acidity in the decarbonization absorption tower when washing, dissolving and collecting CO2 are lower, and the technical effect of further improving the carbon capture rate and increasing the decarbonization depth is achieved.|[0117] Furthermore, the invention washes and catches the CO2 in the flue gas by the decarbonization absorption seawater, and the carbon capture quantity is positively related to the decarbonization absorption seawater flow rate. Therefore, the upper limit of the capture amount and the decarburization depth is determined by the total energy consumption of the decarburized and absorbed seawater which can be borne, and the energy consumption is equal to the product of the total flow of the decarburized and absorbed seawater and the elevation elevation of the seawater; therefore, the invention adopts a large-flow low-lift pumping mode, and the processes such as the decarburized and absorbed tower which need large water quantity are arranged on a CCS ocean platform which is as close to the sea surface as possible, compared with the process area arranged on an on-shore power station, the elevation and the power consumption required by the pumping of the seawater are obviously reduced, and the power consumption of the CCS ocean platform is greatly reduced; In addition, the CCS floating ocean platform rises and falls with the tide, the elevation of the sea water lifting can always be at the optimal value, the additional energy loss caused by the elevation reserved for the tidal water fall difference (generally from a few meters to more than ten meters) is eliminated, thereby achieving the technical effect of significantly reducing the decarbonization cost, not only solving the problem that the existing power station can not deploy the CCS due to lack of land space.|[0118] In addition, the invention adopts a deep water extraction mode to extract decarbonization absorption seawater from the ocean, and aims at extracting the decarbonization absorption seawater with deeper and lower temperature to obtain higher carbon capture rate: for example, the 100m seawater in some sea areas is reduced by about 0.5°C per depth, and based on the principle that the medium vertical lifting in the homogenous (fluid) environment has no potential energy loss, increasing the water extraction depth has little influence on the power consumption of the water pump, that is, the cost is not affected, but the invention is greatly helpful to improve the carbon capture rate of the CO2 solubility.|[0119] The overall technical effect produced by the technical proposal of the invention is that: the transformation of the fossil energy such as the fuel-fired coal-fired power station to be green and low-carbon is realized with extremely low cost, and the transformation is integrated with the renewable energy for win-win development, thus creating necessary conditions for the large-scale utilization of the marine natural carbon sink power station which is necessary for realizing the climate target of 2050 net zero carbon emission.|Illustration Notes|[0120] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the method for producing clean zero-carbon fossil energy of the present invention.|[0121] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the low carbon emission energy production system of the coal-fired power station of the invention, which is characterized in that a preprocessor is arranged on shore, a decarbonization absorption tower and a neutralizer are arranged offshore, and a CCS seawater pump is driven by the auxiliary power of the power station.|[0122] Figure 3 is a sketch map of the embodiment of the low carbon emission energy production system of the gas-steam combined cycle power plant of the invention, which is characterized in that a preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower and a neutralizer are arranged on a floating CCS ocean platform, and a CCS seawater pump is driven by the auxiliary power of the power plant.|[0123] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a near-zero carbon emission energy production system of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant of the present invention, and is characterized in that a preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower, and a neutralizer are arranged on a floating CCS marine platform, and a CCS seawater pump is driven by a carbon-free energy source.|[0124] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the fossil fuel power station net zero carbon emission energy production system of the invention, which is characterized in that a preprocessor, a decarbonization absorption tower and a neutralizer are arranged on a floating CCS ocean platform, and a carbon-free energy source is adopted to drive a CCS seawater pump and an air direct carbon capture and storage DACCS system.|[0125] FIG. 6 is a decarbonization absorption tower structure of the present invention and a water distributor elevation thereof, and a liquid level elevation diagram of the neutralizer.|[0126] The name of the Figure Number Marker Object in the attached drawing is: 1— fossil energy system, 1.1— combustion device, 1.2— flue gas exhaust channel, 1.3— flue gas bypass door, 1.4— flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder, 1.5— fossil energy conversion device, 1.6— fossil energy power generation device, 1.7— clean energy product output channel, 2—CCS system, 2.1—CCS ocean platform, 2.1-1—CCS fixed ocean platform, 2.1-2—CCS lifting ocean platform, 2.1-3—CCS floating ocean platform (floating dock), 2.2— off-shore flue and support, 2.3— pre-processor 2.4— Pretreatment Seawater Pump, 2.5— Pretreatment Seawater Pump Water Intake Pipe, 2.6— Pretreatment Seawater Delivery Pipe, 2.7— Pretreatment Seawater Standard Drainage Pipe, 2.8— Pretreatment Seawater Treatment Tank, 2.9— Packing Layer, 2.10— Water Distributor, 2.11— Water Distributor Height, 2.12— Decarbonization Absorption Tower, 2.13— Decarbonization Absorption Seawater Pump, 2.14— Decarbonization Absorption Seawater Pump Water Intake Pipe, 2.15— Ocean Platform Support 2.16— Decarbonization Absorption Sea Water Transport Pipe, 2.17— Decarbonization Absorption Tower Drain Pipe, 2.18— Neutralizer, 2.19— Neutralizer Sea Water Pump, 2.20— Neutralizer Sea Water Intake Pipe, 2.21— Liquid Level Height of Neutralizer, 2.22— Neutralizer Sea Water Pipe, 2.23—pH Detection Controller, 2.24— Decarbonization Flue Gas Pipe, 2.25— Exhaust Cylinder, 2.26— Standard Sea Water Exhaust Pipe, 3—CO2e unit/device, 3.1—CO2e data channel, 3.2—CCS detection sampling data channel, 4— carbon-free energy generation system, 4.1— wind power station, 4.2— wind turbine, 4.3— energy storage, 4.4— power line, 4.5— photovoltaic power station, 4.6— wave power generator, 4.7— carbon-free energy product output channel, 5— direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system.|Specific Implementation Methods|[0127] Example 1: A basic embodiment of the method for producing clean zero-carbon fossil energy of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:|[0128] 1) burning fossil fuels to generate energy and fossil fuel fumes;|[0129] 2) The fossil fuel flue gas is pre-treated by temperature reduction and/or desulfurization to generate the pre-treated flue gas;|[0130] 3) Decarbonization-absorption seawater is used to capture the carbon in the pretreated flue gas, and then the decarbonization-absorption seawater and decarbonization gas are generated.|[0131] 4) exhausting the decarbonizing gas into the atmosphere;|[0132] 5) injecting decarbonized absorbed seawater into the ocean for carbon sequestration;|[0133] Example 2: An embodiment based on Example 1 includes the following steps:|[0134] 1) Burning fossil fuels to generate energy and exhausting carbon-containing (CO2) high temperature flue gas; Cooling and/or desulfurizing the high temperature flue gas into low-temperature low-sulfur carbon-containing gas and introducing it into a decarbonization absorption tower;|[0135] 2) Decarbonization absorption seawater is extracted from the ocean by a seawater pump and introduced into a decarbonization absorption tower to wash the carbon-containing gas to capture CO2 in the carbon-containing gas, thereby generating decarbonization gas and the seawater after decarbonization absorption; the decarbonization gas is discharged to the atmosphere;|[0136] 3) After the decarbonization and absorption, adjusting the pH value of the seawater to reach the discharge standard permitted by the regulations, the seawater reaches the discharge standard, and then the CO2 dissolved and captured in the seawater after the decarbonization and absorption has been converted into the incremental bicarbonate ions (HCO3-);|[0137] 4) The discharged seawater reaches the standard and is injected into the ocean water body below the sea surface by self-weight through pipelines, so as to realize the ocean carbon storage in the hydrogen carbonate ion mode;|[0138] 5) Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) for capturing and storing marine carbon is detected and measured.|[0139] The decarbonization and absorption seawater and/or the neutralization seawater extracted from the ocean adopt a large-flow low-lift pumping mode, and the required electric energy comes from fossil energy and/or carbon-free energy.|[0140] The decarbonization and absorption seawater extracted from the ocean adopts a deep water extraction mode.|[0141] The fossil fuels include natural gas, oil, and coal.|[0142] The clean energy products produced by the fossil energy conversion system are delivered to the outside, and the energy products include, but are not limited to, electric energy and/or thermal energy and/or mechanical energy and/or hydrogen energy.|[0143] Example 3: Multiple sets of embodiments based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 6:|[0144] The combustion of the fossil fuel relies on air for combustion support, and the generated high-temperature flue gas pressure containing carbon is atmospheric pressure; one embodiment of the invention adopts pretreatment and washing seawater to wash the high-temperature flue gas containing carbon (CO2) for realizing the process of temperature reduction and/or desulfurization, and the invention has the advantages that the pretreatment and washing seawater are adopted for washing the high-temperature flue gas containing carbon (CO2) to realize the temperature reduction and/or desulfurization; Another embodiment uses the original flue gas desulphurization (FGD) process of the fossil energy system to replace; one embodiment of the pre-treatment washing sea water is extracted from the sea; another embodiment uses the process such as cooling sea water from a power plant to drain water; the temperature of the cooling sea water of the power plant is generally 8-9 °C higher than that of the sea water directly taken from the sea; therefore, the temperature reduction and/or desulphurization effect of the pre-treatment washing sea water directly extracted from the sea is better, and the pre-treatment washing sea water is beneficial to improving the decarbonization absorption effect and the carbon capture rate.|[0145] The temperature of the low-temperature low-sulfur carbonaceous gas and the sulfur-containing parameter before decarburization and absorption after the pretreatment, the temperature of the carbonaceous gas in one embodiment is not higher than the water temperature of the decarburized absorption seawater, respectively, but not higher than 50°C, or not higher than 30°C, or not higher than 20°C, or not higher than 10°C, or not higher than 5°C; and the volume content of the SO2 in the carbonaceous gas in the other embodiment is less than 100ppm, or less than 80ppm, or less than 30ppm. The method for adjusting the temperature and the sulfur-containing parameter of the low-temperature low-sulfur carbon-containing gas before decarburization and absorption after pretreatment is to change the flow rate of the pretreatment washing seawater.|[0146] the inner pressure of the decarbonization absorption tower is normal pressure (atmospheric pressure) and the external atmosphere is communicated with the exhaust cylinder; the decarbonization absorption sea water is introduced into the decarbonization absorption tower from the upper part of the decarbonization absorption tower and is sprayed down by the self weight to contact with the carbon-containing gas in the introduction tower so as to wash and trap the CO2;|[0147] One embodiment uses a packed absorption tower, so that the decarbonization absorption seawater and the carbonaceous gas are contacted through a packed layer to obtain a larger gas-liquid contact area, thereby obtaining a better CO2 washing and dissolving trapping effect.|[0148] The adjustment of that pH value of the sea water aft decarbonization and absorption to achieve the emission standard allow by the regulations is to meet the emission standard of the regulations which govern the area where the water is discharged, such as the IMO under the MARPOL convention of the United nations MEPC pH≥6.5 in the 259 (68) rule, or governs EPA in North America VGP The pH≥6.0 equivalent limit in Rule 2013, which includes the specification of the discharge mixing zone defined by the local environmental enforcement authorities; at this point, the CO2 washed and captured in the standard discharge seawater has been converted into incremental bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)— the natural and dominant form of carbon in the ocean, and the injection of the above-surface marine bodies of water is a step towards the realization of marine carbon sequestration based on natural and permanent bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) modes.|[0149] The method for adjusting the pH value is to adjust the ratio of the decarbonization absorption seawater flow rate and the carbon-containing gas flow rate, and/or mix the decarbonization absorption seawater with the neutralized seawater in a neutralizer and adjust the mixing ratio; for this purpose, one embodiment sets a pH detection controller in a power supply control loop of the decarbonization absorption seawater pump and the neutralizer seawater pump; the neutralized seawater is extracted from the ocean.|[0150] The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) for capturing and realizing marine carbon sequestration is detected and measured by detecting and measuring the CO2 content difference value of 1) the carbon-containing high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion of the fossil fuel and 2) the decarbonization gas discharged from the decarbonization absorption tower, and the measured CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) is transmitted to a designated carbon accounting system.|[0151] The measurement technology for detecting the CO2 content of the gas is relatively mature, and the related detection CO2e meter, the data processor and the like can be selected from a commercial flue gas component measuring instrument.|[0152] The high-flow low-lift pumping mode is for decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and neutralizer 2.18 and preprocessor 2.3, reducing the pumping altitude of seawater required by them to reduce potential energy loss, which requires reducing both the elevation of the base of the device to sea level to reduce the loss of the base potential energy and the working elevation of the device to reduce the loss of the working potential energy. One set of embodiments for reducing the loss of the underlying potential energy is that the pre-processing, decarbonization absorption, neutralization, and the like are performed on a CCS ocean platform 2.1 in one and more steps, respectively. Since CCS Ocean Platform 2.1 employs an offshore near-sea deployment design, the deployment equipment thereon is significantly lower than the base elevation deployed within the onshore power station site of the embodiments described.|[0153] One set of embodiments for reducing the loss of working potential energy, wherein the height of the horizontal centerline of the water dispenser of the decarbonization absorption tower relative to the actual sea level is not higher than 50 m, or 30 m, or 25 m, or 20 m, or 15 m, or 10 m, or 9 m, or 8 m, or 7 m, or 6 m, or 5 m, or 4 m, or 3 m, or 2 m, or 1 m, or 0.5m, respectively; another set of embodiments for reducing the loss of working potential energy, The height of the liquid level of the neutralizer relative to the actual sea level is not higher than 10m, or 9m, or 8m, or 7m, or 6m, or 5m, or 4m, or 3m, or 2m, or 1m, or 0.5m, or 0.2m, respectively.|[0154] The decarbonization and absorption seawater extracted from the ocean adopts a deep water extraction mode, and aims at extracting the decarbonization and absorption seawater which is deeper and lower in temperature to obtain higher carbon capture rate; the water temperature of some sea areas is reduced by about 0.5°C for every 100m of water depth increase, which is greatly helpful for improving the solubility of CO2, but the cost is increased little, because the power consumption of the water pump is sensitive to the pumping head and not sensitive to the water intake depth. To this end, the set of embodiments respectively extract sea water at depths of not less than 0.5m, not less than 1m, not less than 3m, not less than 5m, not less than 10m, not less than 15m, not less than 20m, not less than 30m, not less than 50m, not less than 100m, not less than 200m, not less than 300m, not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m of the actual sea level.|[0155] The seawater pump power supply for extracting decarbonized absorbing seawater and/or neutralizing seawater and/or pre-treating and washing seawater from the ocean: one set of embodiments comes from a carbon-free energy power generation system 4, which is a carbon-free energy system for wind energy, light energy, wave energy, tidal energy, nuclear energy, etc., and comprises a carbon-free energy system for supplying power intermittently by adopting an energy storage method; another set of embodiments is provided by the fossil energy system 1; and another set of embodiments is provided by the carbon-free energy power generation system 4 in cooperation with the fossil energy system 1.|[0156] Example 4: Embodiments of a carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) system implementing the method of the present invention, the system comprising:|[0157] a pre-processor, which performs temperature reduction and/or desulfurization pretreatment on the fossil fuel flue gas to generate the pretreated flue gas;|[0158] decarbonization absorption tower, washing decarbonization absorption seawater to absorb and capture carbon dioxide, generating decarbonization absorption seawater and decarbonization gas, and discharging the decarbonization gas to atmosphere;|[0159] a decarbonization absorption seawater supply device for supplying a seawater pump pumped out of the ocean to the decarbonization absorption tower to become decarbonization absorption seawater;|[0160] A discharge device for discharging the decarbonized and absorbed seawater into the ocean for carbon sequestration.|[0161] The preprocessor/decarbonization absorption tower/discharge device operates at atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure), and the device drains are configured to flow into the next process by self-weight and/or into the ocean.|[0162] Example 5: The device embodiment implementing the method of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 6:|[0163] The device provides a fossil energy system 1, a CCS system 2, a carbon-free energy power generation system 4 and an air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system 5 which are arranged according to the requirement of near-zero/net-zero carbon emission, and the fossil energy system 1 comprises a combustion device 1.1, a fossil energy conversion device 1.5, a fossil energy power generation device 1.6, A clean energy product is externally delivered through an output channel 1.7 of the clean energy product, and a high temperature flue gas containing carbon is discharged through an exhaust flue 1.2 at the same time; a CCS system 2 comprises a CCS ocean platform 2.1 used for carrying a CCS process device, an offshore flue 2.2 used for connecting a fossil energy system 1 and a CCS system 2, and a preprocessor 2.3 used for treating the high temperature flue gas containing carbon into a low temperature low sulfur carbon gas; and the CCS system 2 comprises a CCS ocean platform 2.1 used for carrying a CCS process device, and an offshore flue 2.2 used for connecting the fossil energy system 1 and the CCS system 2. The decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 is installed on the CCS ocean platform 2.1, and is used for making low-temperature low-sulfur carbon-containing gas fully contact with decarbonization absorption seawater for seawater absorption type carbon capture, and the decarbonization absorption seawater supply equipment comprises a decarbonization absorption seawater pump 2.13, a decarbonization absorption seawater pump 2.13, and a decarbonization absorption seawater pump 2.13. The decarbonization absorption sea water pump takes water pipe 2.14, the decarbonization absorption sea water delivery pipe 2.16, etc., the neutralization sea water supply equipment comprises a neutralization sea water pump 2.19, a neutralization sea water pump takes water pipe 2.20, a neutralization sea water pipe 2.22, etc., the decarbonization absorption sea water pump 2.13 provides the decarbonization absorption sea water to the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, and the neutralizer 2.18 is arranged on a CCS sea platform 2.1, and the decarbonization absorption sea water supply equipment comprises a neutralization sea water pump 2.19, a neutralization sea water pump 2.20, and a neutralization sea water pipe 2.22. The invention is used for mixing and neutralizing the decarbonized and absorbed seawater discharged from a decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the neutralized seawater provided by a neutralization seawater pump 2.19, so as to reach the discharge standard of the discharged seawater which meets the discharge standard of the regulation; the discharged seawater meets the discharge standard and is absorbed into the seawater below the sea surface through the seawater discharge pipe 2.26 which meets the discharge standard by weight, so as to realize the oceanic carbon storage of the hydrogen carbonate ion mode; A drainage pH detecting controller 2.23 (a drainage detecting device) is used for detecting and controlling the pH value of the standard discharged seawater; a CO2e measuring unit/device 3 (a device used for measuring the carbon capture and storage capacity) is used for detecting and measuring the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of the seawater absorbing carbon capture and the marine carbon capture in the hydrogen carbonate ion mode; The exhaust cylinder 2.25 is used for connecting the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 to the atmosphere so as to discharge the decarbonized gas to the atmosphere; the carbon-free energy generation system 4 and/or the fossil energy power generation device 1.6 are used for supplying power to the CCS system 2; the carbon-free energy generation system 4 delivers the carbon-free energy product to the outside through the carbon-free energy product output channel 4.7 as required; and the air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system 5 is used for directly capturing carbon dioxide from the air and sealing the carbon dioxide.|[0164] Example 6: Multiple sets of embodiments based on Example 3, as shown in Figures 1 to 6:|[0165] in one embodiment, that combustion device 1.1 describe in one embodiment is a boiler, a gas-steam combined cycle turbine (CCGT), a waste heat boiler, an internal combustion engine;|[0166] The CCS sea platform 2.1 is a CCS fixed sea platform 2.1-1, a CCS lifting sea platform 2.1-2, and a CCS floating sea platform 2.1-3:|[0167] One set of embodiments is a CCS-fixed ocean platform 2.1-1, the underwater portion being fixed to the seabed by a support frame, the height of the upper portion being fixed, and the elevation of the mounting base surface of the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the neutralizer 2.18 and the preprocessor 2.3 being designed according to the highest tide level, which is designed according to one encounter every year, one encounter every 5 years, one encounter every 10 years, and one encounter every 50 years. The embodiment designed according to the highest tidal level every year is more cost effective.|[0168] For the water equipment with fixed altitude, the pumping head should be designed according to the highest tidal level, so that the potential energy of pumping seawater will be lost when the tidal level is low. The range of high tide and low tide difference in the same sea area is different from time to time, generally several meters; for pumping large amounts of water for CCS occasions, even 0.5m, 1m tide difference will also cause considerable power loss.|[0169] A group of embodiments for overcoming the power loss caused by tidal difference adopts a CCS lifting ocean platform 2.1-2, as shown in Figure 3; the ocean platform 2.1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a support frame 2.15 of the ocean platform; the height of the ocean platform 2.1 is adjusted by the support frame 2.15 of the ocean platform; the lower end of the support frame 2.15 is fixed at the bottom of the sea; a hydraulic/pneumatic/mechanical device is arranged to adjust the height; and the CCS ocean platform 2.1 is automatically controlled to lift and descend according to the tidal law.|[0170] Another set of embodiments for overcoming the power loss caused by tidal difference adopts a CCS floating ocean platform, as shown in FIG. 3, the ocean platform 2.1 is a CCS floating dock 2.1-3 floating on the sea surface, the "water rising ship height" rises and falls with tides, and the connection of the floating dock 2.1-3 and the upper part of the ocean platform support frame 2.15 fixed to the seabed at the lower part of one embodiment is vertical sliding and horizontal restriction. In another embodiment, the CCS floating dock 2.1-3 is provided with a limit anchoring device to limit the horizontal movement range of the ocean platform from being excessively driven by the wind; the limit anchoring device is selected from the existing marine engineering equipment, such as a barge series. The CCS ocean platform described in another embodiment is replaced by a conventional ocean ship; and the other embodiment is replaced by a self-sustained snorkeling ocean platform.|[0171] A set of embodiments describe an energy product delivered to the outside through a clean energy product output channel 1.7, and/or a carbon-free energy product delivered to the outside through a carbon-free energy product output channel 4.7, respectively, electrical energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, hydrogen energy, and other energy products.|[0172] preprocessor 2.3 described in one set of embodiments, either mounted on that same CCS marine platform 2.1 with the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, or deployed on shore with the fossil energy system 1;|[0173] A carbon-free energy power generation system 4 described in one set of embodiments, or integrated with the CCS system 2, is deployed on the same CCS ocean platform 2.1, and/or on the sea and/or shore adjacent to the CCS system 2.|[0174] The decarbonization absorption sea water is introduced from the outer upper part of the decarbonization absorption tower, is scattered along the cross section of the decarbonization absorption tower by the water distributor in the decarbonization absorption tower and is sprayed down by gravity, flows through the filler layer in the tower, thereby contacting the introduced carbonaceous gas in a large area to dissolve and trap CO2. The decarbonization absorption tower adopts a filler to increase the gas-liquid contact area, and the filler is made of materials which can tolerate high temperature of accident, and comprises metal, ceramics and high molecular materials.|[0175] The offshore flue 2.2 is made of metal and/or polymer and/or other materials, and the telescopic length and bending angle can be changed in a large range, so as to adapt to the situation that the CCS ocean platform fluctuates and swings along with the tide and the sea surface wind and wave, and the CCS ocean platform can be changed in a large range The flue gas transportation between the onshore combustion facility and the CCS marine platform is always maintained; in the case where the CCS marine platform 2.1 is far from the shore, an intermediate support is provided for the offshore flue 2.2, which consists of a support fixed to the seabed and/or a pontoon bridge and/or a pontoon boat.|[0176] The decarbonized absorbing seawater has a natural temperature at the water temperature ratio extraction point used for absorption not higher than 5°C, not higher than 4°C, not higher than 3°C, not higher than 2°C, or not higher than 1°C. The neutralized seawater stream has a natural temperature at the water temperature ratio extraction point for neutralization not higher than 10°C, not higher than 5°C, not higher than 3°C, or not higher than 1°C.|[0177] The 2.26 lower end outlet of the standard seawater drain pipe is positioned at a depth below the sea level, and is respectively not less than 0.5m, not less than 1m, not less than 3m, not less than 5m, not less than 10m, not less than 15m, not less than 20m, not less than 30m, not less than 50m, not less than 100m, not less than 200m, not less than 300m, not less than 500m.|[0178] Example 7: An example of a blue carbon power station implementing the method and system scheme of the present invention, as shown in Figures 1 to 6:|[0179] The power station provides a fossil energy system 1, a CCS system 2, and a CO2e metering unit 3, and a carbon-free energy generation system 4 and an air direct carbon capture and storage (DACCS) system 5 configured according to requirements for near-zero/net-zero carbon emission; the fossil energy system 1, one set of embodiments of which are respectively a conventional coal-fired boiler steam turbine power generation process, a gas turbine power generation process, and a gas turbine power generation process A gas-steam combined cycle power generation process (CCGT), wherein the combustion of fossil fuels generates thermal energy to drive a steam turbine and a generator to generate electric energy, and simultaneously generate carbon-containing high-temperature flue gas. The CCS system 2 comprises a preprocessor 2.3, a decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, and a neutralizer 2.18, wherein seawater is extracted from the sea to perform washing absorption type carbon capture on the flue gas, and the marine carbon sequestration is performed in a hydrogen carbonate ion mode in compliance with the regulations. The CO2e measuring unit 3 detects and measures carbon dioxide equivalent which is captured and achieves marine carbon sequestration.|[0180] In one embodiment, the power station is a low carbon emission power station, the carbon capture and storage rate is more than 70% of the decarbonization depth, the preprocessor 2.3 is arranged on the shore, the pretreated washed seawater uses the terminal end of the power station steam turbine to cool the seawater, the pretreated seawater pump 2.4 is a power station cooling water seawater pump (commonly known as a circulating water pump), the preprocessor 2.3 is arranged on the shore, the pretreated washed seawater uses the terminal end of the power station steam turbine to cool the seawater, the pretreated seawater pump 2.4 is a power station cooling water seawater pump (commonly known as a circulating water pump), and the pretreated seawater pump 2.4 is a power station cooling water seawater pump. The sea water is pretreated and washed to treat high-temperature flue gas, and then is treated by a pretreated sea water treatment tank 2.8 to discharge to the sea after reaching the discharge standards permitted by the regulations; the CCS sea platform 2.1 installed on the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the neutralizer 2.18 is a fixed sea platform; the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 requires seawater in a large-water low-lift pumping mode, and the required electric energy is generated by the self-use electricity of the fossil energy power station.|[0181] The power station in one set of embodiments is a near-zero carbon emission power station, the carbon capture and storage rate is more than 90% of the decarburization depth, the preprocessor 2.3, the decarburization absorption tower 2.12 and the CCS ocean platform 2.1 installed in the neutralizer 2.18 are lifting type, the height of which is adjustable, the CCS ocean platform; the preprocessor 2.3, the decarburization absorption tower 2.12, and the CCS ocean platform 2.1 are lifting type The neutralizer 2.18 needs sea water to be extracted from the ocean, and adopts a large-water low-lift pumping mode, and the required electric energy is mainly generated by the carbon-free energy power generation system 4; the decarbonization absorption sea water needed by the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 is extracted from the ocean, and the decarbonization absorption sea water needed by the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 is extracted from the ocean, and is respectively not less than 0.5m, or not less than 1m, or not less than 3m, or not less than 5m, or not less than 10m, or not less than 15m, or not less than 20m, below the actual sea level or not less than 30m, or not less than 50m, or not less than 100m, or not less than 200m, or not less than 300m, or not less than 500m, or not less than 1000m, or not less than 2000m deep sea water; the preprocessor washing sea water drainage is designed to directly reach the standard and discharge sea water.|[0182] The power station in another embodiment is a net zero carbon emission power station, as shown in FIG. 5, the carbon capture and storage rate is about 100% of the decarbonization depth; the preprocessor 2.3, the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the CCS ocean platform 2.1 installed in the neutralizer 2.18 adopt the CCS floating dock; The preprocessor 2.3, the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, the seawater required by the neutralizer 2.18 adopts a large water quantity low lift pumping mode, and the required electric energy is generated by the carbon-free energy power generation system 4; the decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 respectively captures the carbon-containing flue gas of the fossil fuel of the power station by not less than 95%, or not less than 90%, or not less than 85%, or not less than 80%, or not less than 75%, Said air direct carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) system (5) captures CO2 directly from the atmosphere and sequesters the amount of CO2 to the atmosphere which is equal to the discharge amount of CO2 to the atmosphere remaining in decarbonized gas after the decarbonization absorption and capture, and the required electric energy comes from a carbon-free energy generation system (4).|[0183] Another embodiment of the fossil energy system 1 provides a flue gas bypass system, comprising a fossil fuel flue gas bypass door 1.3 and a flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder 1.4. The fossil fuel flue gas bypass door 1.3 is connected between an onshore fossil fuel combustion device 1 and an offshore flue 2.2 inlet, and is used for directing the fossil fuel flue gas to the flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder 1.4 when a risk accident occurs in the sea surface floating deployment CCS process system, so as to disentangle the CCS process system, isolate the risk of a marine accident, and guarantee the safety of the onshore fossil energy system operation.|[0184] Example 8: A set of embodiments for transforming a coastal coal-fired power plant group from a low-carbon to a blue-carbon power plant, as shown in Figures 1 to 5: The power plant group was originally a coal-fired power plant group operating in an existing power grid, with a total installation of 5.28GW, including eight sets of 660MW ultra-supercritical power plants. The total CO2 emission from the coal-fired boiler of the power plant was approximately 20Mt/yr, the emitted flue gas temperature was approximately 128°C, the volume content of SO2 in the discharged flue gas was approximately 300 to 800ppm depending on the coal quality, and the CO2 was approximately 13 to 15% of the discharged flue gas volume. The original flue gas desulphurization(FGD) system consists of 8 sets of limestone/gypsum wet desulphurization process, the evaporation capacity of a single boiler is 2,078t/h, the flue gas capacity of a single boiler is 1,900,000Nm3/h, and the elevation of the zero meter layer of the power plant is 30m.|[0185] The first embodiment is a reconstruction example of a low carbon emission fossil energy production device, the reconstruction process: 1) the original limestone/gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system of a power station is taken as a substitute preprocessor 2.3, so as to treat the discharged flue gas of the power station into a CO2-containing gas flow with a temperature of about 60°C and a concentration of SO2 of less than 80ppm; and 2) the original FGD flue gas bypass door of the power station is reconstructed into a flue gas bypass door 1.3 which is matched with the process of the invention The original exhausting cylinder of the power station is changed into a flue gas bypass exhausting cylinder 1.4 which is matched with the technique of the invention; 3) the fixed CCS ocean platform 2.1 is constructed and debugged off-line, and CCS technical facilities such as decarbonization absorption tower 2.12, neutralizer 2.18, offshore flue 2.2, etc. are constructed on the sea platform; the off-line means that the construction, installation and debugging process before the access does not affect the operation of the on-shore power station completely; 4) during the planned repair and shutdown period of the power station, the CCS ocean platform is debugged and debugged The CCS system is connected to the CCS ocean platform 2.1 and the CCS system thereof, and/or the built flue gas bypass door 1.3 is used to switch the CCS system to be connected to the CCS system under the non-stop state of the power station; the power supply of the CCS system is borne by the auxiliary power of the power station. After implementation, the coal-fired power plant achieves low-carbon emission, and the carbon capture and storage rate is more than 75%, and the total CCS is 15Mt/yr.|[0186] The second embodiment is carried out on the basis of the first embodiment, and is a modified embodiment of a near-zero carbon emission fossil energy production device. The modification process is as follows: 1) a special seawater washing type preprocessor 2.3 is arranged on a CCS lifting ocean platform 2.1-2, and fresh seawater is extracted from the CCS ocean platform 2.1 to be used for pretreatment seawater washing nearby, so that the temperature of the pretreated smoke is significantly reduced compared with that of the first embodiment; 2) a decarbonization absorption seawater pump 2.13 is arranged on the lifting CCS ocean platform 2.1-2, and the lower end water intake of the decarbonization absorption seawater pump water intake pipe 2.14 is located at a depth of 300m below the sea surface, The invention leads the decarbonization absorption to be carried out under the lower temperature condition, thereby increasing the carbon capture rate and reducing the power consumption; 3) a newly built wind power station and/or a photovoltaic power station on the sea and/or the shore near the power station are taken as a carbon-free energy source power generation system, and all the required power is provided to the CCS system, so that the carbon capture and storage process does not consume the electricity of the fossil energy source, and the carbon footprint is zero; after the implementation, the coal-fired power station realizes near-zero carbon emission, and the carbon capture and storage rate reaches 95%, and the total CCS is 19Mt/yr.|[0187] The overall effects of this embodiment are:|[0188] 1) After the original FGD process system was shut down and dismantled, hundreds of thousands of tons of ore (desulfurizer) were previously consumed annually from mines hundreds of kilometers away, and millions of tons of freshwater (desulfurizer solvent) were consumed annually from seawater desalination. The substantial carbon emissions from the consumption of these energy resources, as well as their economic costs, have been reduced to zero.|[0189] 2) Since the increased cost of the deep decarbonization of the present embodiment is close to the operating cost of the original FGD, the total cost increase of power generation after adding the deep decarbonization function of the power station is little or even no increase.|[0190] 3) All CO2 trapped is transformed into bicarbonate—the natural form of carbon in seawater, which is permanently sealed in the carbon catchment reservoir of marine ecosystem. It not only conforms to the existing international conventions and national regulations, but also ensures the marine ecological environment friendly.|[0191] Example 9: Another example of low-carbon transformation of a coastal coal-fired power plant group, as shown in Figures 1 to 5: The power plant group is a coal-fired power plant group operating in the existing power grid, with a total installation of 5.28GW, including eight sets of 660MW ultra-supercritical power plant groups, and the total emission of CO2 by the coal-fired power plant boilers is about 20Mt/yr, and the emission smoke temperature is about 128°C. The volume content of SO2 in the flue gas is changed to 300-800ppm depending on the coal quality, and the CO2 is about 13-15% of the flue gas volume; the original flue gas desulphurization (FGD) is 8 sets of seawater desulphurization process, and the cooling water of a power plant turbine is used as the desulphurization process washing desulphurizer; the evaporation capacity of a single boiler is 2,075t/h, the flue gas capacity of a single boiler is 1,905,000Nm3/h; the elevation of the zero meter layer of the power plant is 33m.|[0192] The first embodiment is a modified embodiment of a low carbon emission fossil energy production device, the implementation process is as follows: 1) the original seawater flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system of the power station is taken as a substitute preprocessor 2.3, so as to treat the discharged flue gas of the power station into a CO2-containing gas flow with a temperature of about 40°C and a SO2 concentration of less than 80ppm; and 2), 3), and 4) steps are the same as steps 2), 3), and 4) of the first implementation process of Example 6, after the implementation, the coal-fired power station realizes low carbon emission, and the carbon capture and storage rate of the coal-fired power station is more than 80%, and the total CCS is about 16Mt/yr.|[0193] The second embodiment is the reconstruction example of a near-zero carbon emission fossil energy production device, the reconstruction process is basically the same as that of the second implementation process of Example 6, and the effects after implementation are basically the same: the coal-fired power plant achieves near-zero carbon emission, the carbon capture and storage rate thereof reaches 95%, and the total CCS is 19Mt/yr.|[0194] The third embodiment is an embodiment of retrofitting a clean zero carbon emission fossil energy production device, and is carried out on the basis of the second embodiment, adding an ocean-based direct carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) system, the new DACCS system and all power required by the original CCS system, and the DACCS system. The coal-fired power station realizes the net zero carbon emission after the implementation, and the flue gas carbon capture and storage rate of the coal-fired power station is 95%, the total CCS amount is 19Mt/yr, and the total DACCS amount is 1Mt/yr, which is equal to the residual amount after carbon capture and storage; the total carbon reduction amount of the CCS+DACCS is 20Mt/yr, which is equal to the CO2 amount of the coal-fired power station 20Mt/yr.|[0195] All new CCS and/or DACCS processes are deployed offshore, solving the problem of lacking CCS deployment space in existing coastal power plants.|[0196] Example 10: Low Carbon Transition Example for a Coastal Gas Power Plant. The fuel of the coastal gas power station is liquefied natural gas (LNG), and three sets of gas-steam combined cycle power generating sets are arranged, each set is 400MW, and the total is 1200MW; the exhaust gas temperature of the waste heat boiler is about 85 to 100°C; the content of the SO2 is very low and no desulphurization is required; and the flue gas contains about 7% of the CO2. The implementation process of the embodiment is as follows: 1) a flue gas bypass door 1.3 required by the process is additionally arranged for a flue gas discharging flue of a waste heat boiler of a power station, and the original exhaust cylinder of the power station is changed into a flue gas bypass exhaust cylinder 1.4 required by the process of the invention; 2) a CCS ocean platform 2.1 is constructed and debugged off-line, the ocean platform is a CCS floating dock 2.1-3, and a seawater washing type pre-processor 2.3 is constructed on the ocean platform, so as to treat the high temperature CO2 flue gas discharged from the power station into a CO2 gas flow with a temperature of about 30°C; The decarbonization absorption tower 2.12 and the neutralizer 2.18, the offshore flue 2.2 and other CCS process facilities are provided; 3) during the planned overhaul and shutdown of the power station, the CCS floating dock and the CCS system thereof are accessed, and/or the built flue gas bypass door 1.3 is utilized to switch the CCS system to the CCS system under the condition that the power station does not shutdown; the power supply of the CCS system is borne by the auxiliary power of the power station. After implementation, the gas-fired power station achieves near-zero carbon emission, and the carbon capture and storage rate is more than 95%.|[0197] The natural gas power station represented by the gas-steam combined cycle process has the carbon emission reduced by half compared with the same power generation capacity of coal-fired power station, but the total scale is not small, the total scale is expanded continuously, and the influence on the global carbon emission is greater than that of the coal-fired power station; the low carbon transformation of the gas power station is realized by adopting the technical proposal of the invention, and the invention has important significance for realizing the climate target.|[0198] The scope of protection of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. | Family Number|(110470469)|110470469|Abstract|(WO2024140859 A1)|A net-zero-carbon fossil energy production method, a CCS system, and a blue carbon power station technique, which relate to a nature-based energy transition engineering technical solution, in which only natural seawater and carbon-free electric power are used to perform driving, so as to perform deep seawater-absorption carbon capture and bicarbonate-ion-type ocean carbon storage on fossil energy such as that of a coastal power station. In the techniques, the principles that a certain amount of carbon dioxide can be dissolved in seawater and the ocean can store a huge amount of carbon dioxide are used, and seawater is used to wash and clean tail gases of fossil fuel, such that carbon dioxide in the tail gases is dissolved in seawater, so as to carry out carbon capture, and then the pH value of the seawater in which the carbon dioxide in the tail gases is dissolved is adjusted to reach an emission standard, thereby realizing green low-carbon transition of fossil energy at low costs.|L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'énergie fossile nette nulle de carbone, un système CCS, et une technique de centrale électrique au carbone bleu, qui se rapportent à une solution technique d'ingénierie de transition d'énergie basée sur la nature, dans laquelle seule l'eau de mer naturelle et l'énergie électrique sans carbone sont utilisées pour mettre en œuvre un pilotage, de façon à mettre en œuvre une capture de carbone par absorption d'eau de mer profonde et un stockage de carbone océanique de type bicarbonate-ion sur une énergie fossile telle que celle d'une centrale électrique située sur la côte. Dans les techniques, les principes selon lesquels une certaine quantité de dioxyde de carbone peut être dissoute dans l'eau de mer et que l'océan peut stocker une énorme quantité de dioxyde de carbone sont utilisés, et l'eau de mer est utilisée pour laver et nettoyer des gaz résiduaires des combustibles fossiles, de sorte que le dioxyde de carbone présent dans les gaz résiduaires soit dissous dans l'eau de mer, de façon à mettre en œuvre une capture de carbone, puis la valeur du pH de l'eau de mer dans laquelle le dioxyde de carbone présent dans les gaz résiduaires est dissous est ajustée pour atteindre une norme d'émission, ce qui permet de mettre en œuvre une transition verte à faible émission de carbone des énergies fossiles à de faible coût.|(CN120529958 A)|The invention relates to a net zero carbon fossil energy production method , a CCS system and a blue carbon power station technology , which are an energy transformation engineering technical solution based on nature , and are driven by only natural seawater and carbon - free electric power to implement deep seawater absorption carbon capture and bicarbonate radical ion type ocean carbon sequestration on fossil energy of a coastal power station and the like ; the whole process conforms to the current international convention and environmental protection regulations , the marine ecological environment is friendly , green and low - carbon transformation of fossil energy of a fuel gas , fuel oil and coal - fired power plant can be achieved with extremely low cost , the fossil energy can be fused with renewable energy to achieve win - win development , and the method has a great significance in large - scale utilization of marine natural carbon sink power stations necessary for achieving the 2050 net zero carbon emission climate target . And necessary conditions are created . | | Environmental technology | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/62|B01D-2257/504|Y02A-050/2342|Y02C-010/04|Y02C-010/06|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/14/75|B01D-053/62|B01D-2257/504|Y02A-050/2342|Y02C-010/04|Y02C-010/06|Y02C-020/40 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/62 | B01D-053/14|B01D-053/62 | US20210372615|US20210372615|CN106076066|CN106076066|WO2013144178|WO2013144178|KR20130090297|KR20130090297|KR20130073783|KR20130073783|JP03188924|JP03188924|JP05007769 | US20210372615 87172137 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|US20210372615 87172137 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|CN106076066 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|CN106076066 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|WO2013144178 18811100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|WO2013144178 18811100 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|KR20130090297 46077326 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|KR20130090297 46077326 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|KR20130073783 45867673 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|KR20130073783 45867673 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|JP03188924 27960248 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|JP03188924 27960248 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|JP05007769 20056840 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | WO2013144178; CN106076066; JP03188924; KR20130073783; KR20130090297; US20210372615; JP05007769|JP03188924; KR20130073783; KR20130090297; WO2013144178; CN106076066; US20210372615 | PENDING | (WO2024/140859)|PENDING|(CN120529958)|PENDING | ALIVE | (WO2024/140859)|ALIVE|(CN120529958)|ALIVE | (WO2024/140859)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2024/140859|Actual or expected expiration date=2026-06-28|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2023-12-27|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOCN2023/142529|Application date=2023-12-27|Standardized application number=2023WO-CN142529|Event publication date=2024-07-04|Event code=WO/A1|Event group=Examination events|Published application with search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2024/140859|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2024-07-04|Standardized publication number=WO2024140859|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN120529958|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-12-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CN Corresponding appl: CN202380083070|Application date in the designated or member state=2023-12-27|Application number in the designated or member state=2023CN-80083070|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CN Corresponding pat: CN120529958|Publication stage code in the designated or member state=A|Publication date in the designated or member state=2025-08-22|Publication number in the designated or member state=CN120529958|Event publication date=2025-06-09|Event code=WO/WWE|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Entry into national phase|Wipo information: entry into national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CN|Event publication date=2025-08-22|Event code=WO/WWP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Wipo information: published in national office|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=CN|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-07-29|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2025-07-29|Event code=WO/NENP|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Non-entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2025-12-24|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP Corresponding appl: EP23910776|Event publication date=2024-08-14|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2025-12-24|Event code=WO/122|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|EP: PCT app. not ent. europ. phase|EP: PCT anmeldung nicht in europaeische phase eingetreten|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|(CN120529958)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN120529958|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-12-27|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2023-12-27|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202380083070|Application date=2023-12-27|Standardized application number=2023CN-80083070|Event publication date=2025-08-22|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN120529958|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-08-22|Standardized publication number=CN120529958|Event publication date=2025-08-22|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-09-09|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (WO2024/140859)|ARIPO: GH, RW, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2024/140859)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2024/140859)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, ME, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2024/140859)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2024/140859)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IQ, IR, IS, AL, IT, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, JM, RU, BG, JO, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, KG, KH, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, KW, CR, KZ, CU, CV, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, DJ, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MU, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, WS, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL | (WO2024/140859)|WO; CN|(CN120529958)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=icjTorqguCAqIPR+hF15B90P/F2Pwh1EkaV0SMUACwOCCKReMmHu7M9Ry4MrhQjLALkMBz8hwaI=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=WO0000000006529960&ekey=2341&xpn=WO2024140859&kind=A1 | http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2024140859&redirectedID=true | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=6DNzxrOiQ6Z%252FEUMEOQWeNrmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | WO | (WO2024/140859)|CN | (WO2024/140859)|NAME=PENG, Sigan Southwest Area, 3rd Floor, No. 2123 Pudong Avenue Pilot Free Trade Zone Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201208 , COUNTRY=CN | (WO2024/140859)|CN; CN|(CN120529958)|CN | (WO2024/140859)|NAME=PENG, Sigan Southwest Area, 3rd Floor, No. 2123 Pudong Avenue Pilot Free Trade Zone Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201208, POSTCODE=201208, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=PENG, Yingchuan Southwest Area, 3rd Floor, No. 2123 Pudong Avenue Pilot Free Trade Zone Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201208, POSTCODE=201208, COUNTRY=CN|(CN120529958)|NAME=THE INVENTOR HAS WAIVED THE RIGHT TO BE MENTIONED, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=PENG YINGCHUAN | Titre: (WO2024/140859)|Net-zero-carbon fossil energy production method, ccs system, and blue carbon power station Résumé: (WO2024/140859)|A net-zero-carbon fossil energy production method, a CCS system, and a blue carbon power station technique, which relate to a nature-based energy transition engineering technical solution, in which only natural seawater and carbon-free electric power are used to perform driving, so as to perform deep seawater-absorption carbon capture and bicarbonate-ion-type ocean carbon storage on fossil energy such as that of a coastal power station. In the techniques, the principles that a certain amount of carbon dioxide can be dissolved in seawater and the ocean can store a huge amount of carbon dioxide are used, and seawater is used to wash and clean tail gases of fossil fuel, such that carbon dioxide in the tail gases is dissolved in seawater, so as to carry out carbon capture, and then the pH value of the seawater in which the carbon dioxide in the tail gases is dissolved is adjusted to reach an emission standard, thereby realizing green low-carbon transition of fossil energy at low costs. | 78.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on carbon capture and storage related to fossil energy production, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 7.0 | 0.0 | (WO2024/140859)|4|(CN120529958)|2 | (WO2024/140859)|11|(CN120529958)|13 | (WO2024/140859)|15|(CN120529958)|15 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | (WO2024/140859)|6|(CN120529958)|6 | 4.0 | 2.0 | (CN120529958)|WO2024/140859 | (WO2024/140859)|Number of Claims: NCL=15|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(CN120529958)|Number of Claims: NCL=15|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-08-22|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-3402|Number of Pages: NPAGES=32| | (WO2024/140859)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN120529958)|Patent|(WO2024140859)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 83 | CN202320945134U | CN202320945134U | CN219655826 | 106423154 | CN219655826 U 2023-09-08 [CN219655826U] | 2023-04-23 | 2023-04-23 | 2023-09-08 | (CN219655826U)|2023-09-08 | (CN219655826)|2026-04-14 | (CN219655826)|Same-well injection and pumping system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in seabed saline water layer | (CN219655826)|The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, in particular to a same-well injection and pumping system for sequestration of carbon dioxide in a seabed salt water layer, which comprises an offshore platform arranged on the sea level, a main well is arranged in the offshore platform and extends towards the seabed from the offshore platform, and the lower portion of the main well is connected with a pumping branch well. A water pipe is arranged in the main well in a penetrating mode and connected with the gas injection branch well, and the gas injection branch well and the water pumping branch well are both horizontally arranged. A carbon dioxide injection allocation device is arranged on the front portion of the water pumping branch well, and a plurality of gas injection holes are formed in the length direction of the water pumping branch well. According to the utility model, the gas injection branch well and the water pumping branch well form a double-horizontal well structure; the contact area of the injection well and the salt water layer can be effectively increased through the double-horizontal-well structure, the gas injection amount and the gas injection rate are increased, the situation that the pressure of carbon dioxide is larger than the stratum fracture pressure is avoided, and rapid sealing and storage of carbon dioxide are achieved. | GUANGZHOU MARINE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY | (CN219655826)|GUANGZHOU MARINE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ([CN]) | LI XIAN|LU HONGFENG|XU CHENLU|XING DONGHUI|DOU JINWEN | (CN219655826)|LI XIAN|LU HONGFENG|XU CHENLU|XING DONGHUI|DOU JINWEN | (CN219655826)|CHENG MINLU;GUANGZHOU KEYUE I.P. LAW OFFICE|Reg. Nb: 44001 | (CN219655826)|1. The same-well injection and extraction system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer on the sea floor comprises an offshore platform arranged on the sea level, wherein a main well is arranged in the offshore platform and extends out from the offshore platform to the sea bottom; the front part of the pumping branch well is provided with a carbon dioxide injection distributor, and a plurality of air injection holes are arranged along the length direction of the pumping branch well.| | (CN219655826)|The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sealing, in particular to a same-well injection and extraction system for sealing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, which comprises an offshore platform arranged on the sea level, wherein a main well is arranged in the offshore platform, extends out from the offshore platform to the sea bottom, is connected with a water pumping branch well through the lower part of the main well, is internally penetrated with a water pipe, is connected with an air injection branch well, and is horizontally arranged; the front part of the pumping branch well is provided with a carbon dioxide injection distributor, and a plurality of air injection holes are arranged along the length direction of the pumping branch well. In the utility model, a double horizontal well structure is formed by the gas injection branch well and the water pumping branch well; the contact area between the injection well and the salty water layer can be effectively increased through the double-horizontal-well structure, the gas filling amount and the gas filling rate are increased, the pressure of carbon dioxide is prevented from being larger than the pressure of stratum rupture, and the rapid sealing and storage of the carbon dioxide are realized.| | (CN219655826)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,73)|SALTY WATER LAYER(100,33)|INJECTION(100,22)|SEALING(100,11)|SEA FLOOR(100,7)|INJECTION DISTRIBUTOR(100,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,5)|SUBMARINE SALTY WATER LAYER(100,1)|STRATUM RUPTURE(93,1)|OFFSHORE PLATFORM(82,22)|OCEAN CARBON SEALING(70,1)|STRATUM RUPTURE PRESSURE(69,1)|COWELL INJECTION(65,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION DISTRIBUTOR(61,4)|TRANSPORTATION PIPELINE(56,9)|SEA FLOOR BRINE LAYER(56,2)|GAS INJECTION(54,29)|RESERVOIR MONITORING(46,11)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(42,3)|SEA BOTTOM(41,10)|QUICK SEALING(40,2)|GAS FILLING(39,2)|FRACTURING FORMATION(35,5)|PUMPING BRANCH WELL(33,6)|AIR INJECTION HOLE(32,3)|GAS BARRIER SCREEN(29,1)|LIQUID PURIFIER(25,6)|SEALING CARBON DIOXIDE(25,3)|WATER PUMPING BRANCH(25,3)|BRINE LAYER PRESSURE(24,3)|AIR INJECTION BRANCH(22,3)|MONITORING PRESSURE(20,12)|PUMPING LENGTH DIRECTION(19,5)|WATER PUMPING VALVE(18,10)|LENGTH DIRECTION(17,13)|STRATUM FRACTURE PRESSURE(17,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE PRESSURE(17,2)|SEA LEVEL(16,5)|GAS COMPRESSOR(15,9)|CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION ALLOCATION(15,6)|OCEAN SEQUESTRATION DEVELOPMENT(15,1)|WATER PIPE(12,20)|WATER PUMPING(11,10)|CONTACT AREA(10,3)|DRAINAGE SYSTEM(10,2)|ECONOMIC BENEFIT(10,2)|MARINE SEQUESTRATION(10,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION(9,4)|BRINE PUMPING(9,1)|PUMPING INJECTED DIOXIDE(9,1)|RESEARCH HOTSPOT(9,1)|WELLHEAD MULTI WAY VALVE(8,6)|GAS FLOWMETER(8,2)|HYDRAULIC ANCHOR ACTION(7,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|GAS BARRIER SIEVE TUBE(6,3)|SEAWATER(6,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE UPWARD DISSIPATION(6,1)|CO2 SEALING(6,1)|KEY PARAMETER(6,1)|SEABED SEDIMENTARY LAYER(6,1)|DOUBLE HORIZONTAL WELL STRUCTURE(5,4)| | (CN219655826)|1. The same-well injection and extraction system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer on the sea floor comprises an offshore platform arranged on the sea level, wherein a main well is arranged in the offshore platform and extends out from the offshore platform to the sea bottom;|the front part of the pumping branch well is provided with a carbon dioxide injection distributor, and a plurality of air injection holes are arranged along the length direction of the pumping branch well.|2. The co-well injection and drainage system for sequestration of carbon dioxide in a seafloor brine layer of claim 1, wherein a reservoir monitoring system is provided on the gas injection branch well for monitoring the pressure of the brine layer and the pressure of formation fracture.|3. The same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer on the sea floor according to claim 2, wherein a water pumping valve and a pressure control valve are sequentially arranged at the front part of the gas injection branch well along the length direction of the gas injection branch well, and the water pumping valve and the pressure control valve are respectively connected with the reservoir monitoring system.|4. The system of claim 3, wherein a gas barrier screen is further disposed in the gas injection branch well, the gas barrier screen being disposed along a length direction of the gas injection branch well.|5. The system of claim 1, wherein the pumping branch well is provided with a pressure monitoring system for monitoring the pressure of the brine layer and the pressure of formation fracture.|6. The same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer on the sea floor according to claim 5, wherein a pressure-controlled switch and a carbon dioxide injection and injection distributor are sequentially arranged at the front part of the pumping branch well along the length direction of the pumping branch well, and the pressure-controlled switch and the carbon dioxide injection and injection distributor are respectively connected with the pressure monitoring system.|7. The co-well injection and drainage system for sequestration of carbon dioxide in a seafloor brine layer according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the water pipe is provided with a liquid purifier.|8. The system of claim 1 or 7, wherein a hydraulic anchor is provided on the water line.|9. The same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide from a salty water layer on the sea floor according to claim 1, wherein a gas compressor and a storage and transportation pipeline are arranged on the offshore platform; the gas compressor is communicated with the gas injection branch well through the storage and transportation pipeline.|10. The system of claim 1 or 9, wherein the offshore platform is provided with a wellhead multi-way valve, which is arranged in an upper portion of the main well. | (CN219655826)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, in particular to a same-well injection and extraction system for sealing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the bottom of a sea.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Since the 90 s of the last century, the emission of carbon dioxide has increased year by year, and if the emission of carbon dioxide is not strictly controlled, serious consequences will be caused to the economy, environment and public health of China and even the world; carbon capture and sequestration (CCUS) technology is implemented to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore, CCUS technology is a necessary approach to energy conservation and emission reduction. This technology is being applied in various ways around the world and has achieved significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. The sequestration process of CCUS technology involves a variety of sequestration technologies, with marine sequestration becoming a research hotspot in recent years with its many advantages.|[0003] However, the current carbon dioxide sequestration method has the following problems: on one hand, a plurality of wells are adopted to realize carbon dioxide injection and salt water pumping, so that the cost is high and the efficiency is low; on the other hand, key parameters such as formation pressure and carbon dioxide content of a salty water layer cannot be monitored at multiple points, whether the upper covering layer can effectively block upward migration of carbon dioxide cannot be accurately judged, and upward dissipation of carbon dioxide is easily caused.|[0004] There are currently little research on the above problems, which limits further development of ocean sequestration technology, and thus the present disclosure proposes a deep-sea carbon dioxide sequestration co-well injection and extraction system for the above problems.|[0005] The prior art, such as patent number 202021422932.2, discloses a well structure for exploiting natural gas hydrate and petroleum and natural gas in the same well, patent number 202220788905.X discloses a multi-layer pumping and injecting system for sealing carbon dioxide, and patent application number 202210794001.2, discloses a multi-layer pumping and injecting CO2 sealing method for a seabed sedimentary layer, which does not solve the technical problems well.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The utility model aims at: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the same-well injection and pumping system comprising an injection branch well and a pumping branch well is provided.|[0007] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:|[0008] the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer on the sea floor comprises an offshore platform arranged on the sea level, wherein a main well is arranged in the offshore platform, the main well extends out from the offshore platform to the sea floor, a water pumping branch well is connected to the lower part of the main well through which the main well passes, a water pipe penetrates through the main well, the water pipe is connected with an air injection branch well, the air injection branch well is arranged above the water pumping branch well, and the air injection branch well and the water pumping branch well are horizontally arranged;|[0009] the front part of the pumping branch well is provided with a carbon dioxide injection distributor, and a plurality of air injection holes are arranged along the length direction of the pumping branch well.|[0010] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, a reservoir monitoring system is arranged on the gas injection branch well and is used for monitoring the pressure of the salty water layer and the pressure of stratum fracture.|[0011] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing up carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, a water pumping valve and a pressure control valve are sequentially arranged at the front part of the gas injection branch well along the length direction of the gas injection branch well, and the water pumping valve and the pressure control valve are respectively connected with the reservoir monitoring system.|[0012] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, the gas injection branch well is internally provided with a gas-isolation sieve tube, and the gas-isolation sieve tube is arranged along the length direction of the gas injection branch well.|[0013] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, the pumping branch well is provided with a pressure monitoring system, and the pressure monitoring system is used for monitoring the pressure of the salty water layer and the pressure of stratum fracture.|[0014] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, a pressure-controlled switch and a carbon dioxide injection and injection allocation device are sequentially arranged at the front part of the pumping branch well along the length direction of the pumping branch well, and the pressure-controlled switch and the carbon dioxide injection and injection allocation device are respectively connected with the pressure monitoring system.|[0015] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing up carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the bottom of the sea, the upper part of the water pipe is provided with a liquid purifier.|[0016] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing up carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the bottom of the sea, a hydraulic anchor is arranged on the water pipe.|[0017] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing up carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, a gas compressor and a storage and transportation pipeline are arranged on the offshore platform; the gas compressor is communicated with the gas injection branch well through the storage and transportation pipeline.|[0018] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the bottom of the sea, the offshore platform is provided with a wellhead multi-way valve, and the wellhead multi-way valve is arranged at the upper part of the main well.|[0019] The utility model has the beneficial effects that:|[0020] 1. in the utility model, the main well is connected with the pumping branch well, the water pipe is penetrated in the main well and connected with the gas injection branch well, so that the effect of the horizontal well structure is realized; the contact area between the injection well and the salty water layer can be effectively increased through the double-horizontal well structure, the gas filling amount and the gas filling rate are increased, the pressure of carbon dioxide is prevented from being larger than the pressure of stratum fracture, and the rapid sealing and storage of the carbon dioxide are realized;|[0021] 2. in the sealing process of carbon dioxide, various parameters are monitored in real time through a corresponding reservoir monitoring system, and the gas injection and water pumping processes are intelligently controlled and regulated so as to maintain the stability of stratum pressure; on the other hand, carbon dioxide injection and water pumping operation can be completed simultaneously by adopting one main well and offshore platform, so that the drilling and operation cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0022] Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present utility model.|[0023] Reference numerals illustrate: 1-an offshore platform; 2-wellhead multi-way valve; 3-a gas compressor; 4-a storage and transportation pipeline; 5-a liquid purifier; 6-a hydraulic anchor; 7-gas injection branch wells; 8-pumping branch well; 9-reservoir monitoring system; 10-voltage-controlled switch; 11-a carbon dioxide injection allocation device; 12-a water pumping valve; 13-a pressure control valve; 14-a gas barrier sieve tube; 15-gas injection holes; 16-a pressure monitoring system; 17-sea level; 18-a water pipe; 19-a main well; 20-interface of salty water layer and cap layer.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0024] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model.|[0025] As shown in fig. 1, the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer on the sea floor comprises an offshore platform 1 arranged on a sea level 17, wherein a main well 19 is arranged in the offshore platform 1, the main well 19 extends out from the offshore platform 1 to the sea bottom, a water pumping branch well 8 is connected to the lower part of the main well 19 through which the main well 19 passes, a water pipe 18 penetrates through the main well 19, the water pipe 18 is connected with an air injection branch well 7, the air injection branch well 7 is arranged above the water pumping branch well 8, and the air injection branch well 7 and the water pumping branch well 8 are horizontally arranged; the pumping branch well 8 is provided with a carbon dioxide injection distributor 11 at the front thereof, and a plurality of injection holes 15 are provided along the length direction of the pumping branch well 8.|[0026] In the utility model, the main well 19 is connected with the water pumping branch well 8, the water pipe 18 is penetrated in the main well 19, and the water pipe 18 is connected with the gas injection branch well 7, so that the effect of a horizontal well structure is realized, the contact surface area of the main well 19 and a salty water layer is increased due to the arrangement of the horizontal well structure, and the injection amount of carbon dioxide is greatly improved, so that the economic benefit is improved; moreover, through the double horizontal well structure, the contact area between the injection well and the salty water layer can be effectively increased, carbon dioxide is injected into the salty water layer through the gas injection holes 15, the gas injection quantity and the gas injection rate are increased, and the rapid sealing of the carbon dioxide is realized.|[0027] Wherein the water pumping branch well 8 is positioned at the junction 20 of the salty water layer and the cover layer.|[0028] In some embodiments of the present utility model, a reservoir monitoring system 9 is disposed on the gas injection branch well 7, where the reservoir monitoring system 9 is located at the junction of the salty water layer and the upper cover layer, and is mainly used for monitoring the formation fracture pressure and the upward migration flow rate of carbon dioxide, if the flow rate is too high, it indicates that the upper cover layer cannot effectively block the migration of carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide can leak; if the pressure is too great here, the formation may fracture and crack, resulting in leakage of carbon dioxide. The pressure of the salty water layer and the pressure of the stratum fracture are monitored in real time through the reservoir monitoring system 9, and signals are sent to corresponding components according to the pressure difference of the two pressures.|[0029] In some embodiments of the present utility model, along the length direction of the gas injection branch well 7, a water pumping valve 12 and a pressure control valve 13 are sequentially arranged at the front part of the gas injection branch well 7, and the water pumping valve 12 and the pressure control valve 13 are respectively connected with the first reservoir monitoring 9 system. The pressure of the salty water layer and the pressure of the stratum fracture can be monitored in real time through the first reservoir monitoring system 9, signals are sent to the water pumping valve 12 and/or the pressure control valve 13 according to the pressure difference of the two pressures, and the effect of switching the opening and closing of the water pumping valve 12 and/or the pressure control valve 13 is achieved.|[0030] Preferably, the gas-barrier sieve tube 14 is also arranged in the gas injection branch well 7, and the gas-barrier sieve tube 14 is arranged along the length direction of the gas injection branch well 7. The gas barrier screen 14 is used to block the inflow of gas and only allow water into the gas injection branch well 7.|[0031] Further, the upper part of the water pipe 18 is provided with a liquid purifier 5; the water pipe 18 is provided with a hydraulic anchor 6. The pore water pumped in the gas injection branch well 7 flows to the offshore platform 1 through the water pipe 18 and is discharged into the sea water after being treated by the liquid purifier 5. Moreover, under the action of the hydraulic anchor 6, the weight of the water pipe 18 is increased, and the position movement of the water pipe 18 is avoided.|[0032] In certain embodiments of the present utility model, a pressure monitoring system 16 is provided on the water extraction branch well 8, the second reservoir monitoring system 16 being used to monitor the pressure of the brine layer and the pressure of formation fractures; the pressure monitoring system 16 is located at the lower part of the salty water layer, and is mainly used for monitoring the pressure around the pumping branch well 8, so as to avoid that the injected dioxide of the pumping branch well 8 is concentrated around the well, and the well Zhou Yali of the pumping branch well 8 is too high to cause the formation to be broken.|[0033] In some embodiments of the present utility model, a pressure-controlled switch 10 and a carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11 are sequentially disposed at the front of the pumping branch well 8 along the length direction of the pumping branch well 8, and the pressure-controlled switch 10 and the carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11 are respectively connected with a pressure monitoring system 16. The pressure monitoring system 16 can monitor the pressure of a salty water layer and the pressure of formation fracture in real time, and send signals to the pressure-controlled switch 10 and/or the carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11 according to the pressure difference of the two pressures, so that the pressure-controlled switch 10 can be switched on and off, and the start and stop of the carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11 can be controlled.|[0034] Preferably, a gas flowmeter is arranged at the joint of the main well 19 and the pumping branch well 8, and the flow rate of the carbon dioxide is known in real time through the gas flowmeter.|[0035] In some embodiments of the utility model, the offshore platform 1 is provided with a gas compressor 3 and a storage and transportation pipeline 4; the gas compressor 3 is communicated with the gas injection branch well 7 through the storage and transportation pipeline 4. The carbon dioxide to be buried is conveyed to the gas compressor 3 through the storage and transportation pipeline 4, and is added to a gas injection branch well 7 for conveying the carbon dioxide to the saline water layer under a certain pressure.|[0036] Preferably, the offshore platform 1 is provided with a wellhead multi-way valve 2, the wellhead multi-way valve 2 being arranged in the upper part of the main well 19, through which wellhead multi-way valve 2 the injection of carbon dioxide in the main well 19 and the pumping of brine in the water pipe 18 can be controlled.|[0037] During operation, carbon dioxide to be buried is conveyed to the gas compressor 3 through the storage and transportation pipeline 4, and is conveyed to the gas injection branch well 7 under a certain pressure; the reservoir monitoring system 9 monitors the pressure of the saline layer and the pressure of the formation fracture in real time, if the pressure of the saline layer is smaller than the formation fracture pressure at this time, the pressure-controlled switch 10 is turned on, carbon dioxide enters the saline layer through the gas injection hole 15, and the carbon dioxide rate of injection into the saline layer is controlled by the carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11.|[0038] After injecting carbon dioxide for a period of time, the carbon dioxide continuously moves upwards and is enriched above the saline water layer, at the moment, the water pumping branch well 8 is positioned above the saline water layer, and the water pumping branch well 8 is positioned above the saline water layer; at this time, when the pressure of the carbon dioxide in the pressure monitoring system 16 is monitored to reach the fracture pressure of the stratum, the air pressure valve and the water pumping valve 12 can be opened, pore water in the salty water layer enters the water pipe 18 through the water pumping branch well 8, and pumped pore water flows to the offshore platform 1 through the water pipe 18 and is discharged into seawater after being treated by the liquid purifier 5; alternatively, when the pressure monitoring system 16 monitors that the pressure of the carbon dioxide is about to reach the fracture pressure of the formation, the injection of carbon dioxide may be selectively turned off, thereby reducing the pressure of the formation;|[0039] the two modes can avoid that the pressure of the carbon dioxide is higher than the fracture pressure of the stratum, and the sealing effect of the carbon dioxide is realized.|[0040] All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model. | (CN219655826)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, in particular to a same-well injection and extraction system for sealing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the bottom of a sea.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Since the 90 s of the last century, the emission of carbon dioxide has increased year by year, and if the emission of carbon dioxide is not strictly controlled, serious consequences will be caused to the economy, environment and public health of China and even the world; carbon capture and sequestration (CCUS) technology is implemented to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore, CCUS technology is a necessary approach to energy conservation and emission reduction. This technology is being applied in various ways around the world and has achieved significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. The sequestration process of CCUS technology involves a variety of sequestration technologies, with marine sequestration becoming a research hotspot in recent years with its many advantages.|[0003] However, the current carbon dioxide sequestration method has the following problems: on one hand, a plurality of wells are adopted to realize carbon dioxide injection and salt water pumping, so that the cost is high and the efficiency is low; on the other hand, key parameters such as formation pressure and carbon dioxide content of a salty water layer cannot be monitored at multiple points, whether the upper covering layer can effectively block upward migration of carbon dioxide cannot be accurately judged, and upward dissipation of carbon dioxide is easily caused.|[0004] There are currently little research on the above problems, which limits further development of ocean sequestration technology, and thus the present disclosure proposes a deep-sea carbon dioxide sequestration co-well injection and extraction system for the above problems.|[0005] The prior art, such as patent number 202021422932.2, discloses a well structure for exploiting natural gas hydrate and petroleum and natural gas in the same well, patent number 202220788905.X discloses a multi-layer pumping and injecting system for sealing carbon dioxide, and patent application number 202210794001.2, discloses a multi-layer pumping and injecting CO2 sealing method for a seabed sedimentary layer, which does not solve the technical problems well.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0006] The utility model aims at: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the same-well injection and pumping system comprising an injection branch well and a pumping branch well is provided.|[0007] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:|[0008] the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer on the sea floor comprises an offshore platform arranged on the sea level, wherein a main well is arranged in the offshore platform, the main well extends out from the offshore platform to the sea floor, a water pumping branch well is connected to the lower part of the main well through which the main well passes, a water pipe penetrates through the main well, the water pipe is connected with an air injection branch well, the air injection branch well is arranged above the water pumping branch well, and the air injection branch well and the water pumping branch well are horizontally arranged;|[0009] the front part of the pumping branch well is provided with a carbon dioxide injection distributor, and a plurality of air injection holes are arranged along the length direction of the pumping branch well.|[0010] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, a reservoir monitoring system is arranged on the gas injection branch well and is used for monitoring the pressure of the salty water layer and the pressure of stratum fracture.|[0011] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing up carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, a water pumping valve and a pressure control valve are sequentially arranged at the front part of the gas injection branch well along the length direction of the gas injection branch well, and the water pumping valve and the pressure control valve are respectively connected with the reservoir monitoring system.|[0012] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, the gas injection branch well is internally provided with a gas-isolation sieve tube, and the gas-isolation sieve tube is arranged along the length direction of the gas injection branch well.|[0013] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, the pumping branch well is provided with a pressure monitoring system, and the pressure monitoring system is used for monitoring the pressure of the salty water layer and the pressure of stratum fracture.|[0014] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, a pressure-controlled switch and a carbon dioxide injection and injection allocation device are sequentially arranged at the front part of the pumping branch well along the length direction of the pumping branch well, and the pressure-controlled switch and the carbon dioxide injection and injection allocation device are respectively connected with the pressure monitoring system.|[0015] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing up carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the bottom of the sea, the upper part of the water pipe is provided with a liquid purifier.|[0016] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing up carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the bottom of the sea, a hydraulic anchor is arranged on the water pipe.|[0017] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing up carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the sea bottom, a gas compressor and a storage and transportation pipeline are arranged on the offshore platform; the gas compressor is communicated with the gas injection branch well through the storage and transportation pipeline.|[0018] As an improvement of the technical scheme of the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer at the bottom of the sea, the offshore platform is provided with a wellhead multi-way valve, and the wellhead multi-way valve is arranged at the upper part of the main well.|[0019] The utility model has the beneficial effects that:|[0020] 1. in the utility model, the main well is connected with the pumping branch well, the water pipe is penetrated in the main well and connected with the gas injection branch well, so that the effect of the horizontal well structure is realized; the contact area between the injection well and the salty water layer can be effectively increased through the double-horizontal well structure, the gas filling amount and the gas filling rate are increased, the pressure of carbon dioxide is prevented from being larger than the pressure of stratum fracture, and the rapid sealing and storage of the carbon dioxide are realized;|[0021] 2. in the sealing process of carbon dioxide, various parameters are monitored in real time through a corresponding reservoir monitoring system, and the gas injection and water pumping processes are intelligently controlled and regulated so as to maintain the stability of stratum pressure; on the other hand, carbon dioxide injection and water pumping operation can be completed simultaneously by adopting one main well and offshore platform, so that the drilling and operation cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0022] Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present utility model.|[0023] Reference numerals illustrate: 1-an offshore platform; 2-wellhead multi-way valve; 3-a gas compressor; 4-a storage and transportation pipeline; 5-a liquid purifier; 6-a hydraulic anchor; 7-gas injection branch wells; 8-pumping branch well; 9-reservoir monitoring system; 10-voltage-controlled switch; 11-a carbon dioxide injection allocation device; 12-a water pumping valve; 13-a pressure control valve; 14-a gas barrier sieve tube; 15-gas injection holes; 16-a pressure monitoring system; 17-sea level; 18-a water pipe; 19-a main well; 20-interface of salty water layer and cap layer.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0024] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model.|[0025] As shown in fig. 1, the same-well injection and extraction system for sealing off carbon dioxide in a salty water layer on the sea floor comprises an offshore platform 1 arranged on a sea level 17, wherein a main well 19 is arranged in the offshore platform 1, the main well 19 extends out from the offshore platform 1 to the sea bottom, a water pumping branch well 8 is connected to the lower part of the main well 19 through which the main well 19 passes, a water pipe 18 penetrates through the main well 19, the water pipe 18 is connected with an air injection branch well 7, the air injection branch well 7 is arranged above the water pumping branch well 8, and the air injection branch well 7 and the water pumping branch well 8 are horizontally arranged; the pumping branch well 8 is provided with a carbon dioxide injection distributor 11 at the front thereof, and a plurality of injection holes 15 are provided along the length direction of the pumping branch well 8.|[0026] In the utility model, the main well 19 is connected with the water pumping branch well 8, the water pipe 18 is penetrated in the main well 19, and the water pipe 18 is connected with the gas injection branch well 7, so that the effect of a horizontal well structure is realized, the contact surface area of the main well 19 and a salty water layer is increased due to the arrangement of the horizontal well structure, and the injection amount of carbon dioxide is greatly improved, so that the economic benefit is improved; moreover, through the double horizontal well structure, the contact area between the injection well and the salty water layer can be effectively increased, carbon dioxide is injected into the salty water layer through the gas injection holes 15, the gas injection quantity and the gas injection rate are increased, and the rapid sealing of the carbon dioxide is realized.|[0027] Wherein the water pumping branch well 8 is positioned at the junction 20 of the salty water layer and the cover layer.|[0028] In some embodiments of the present utility model, a reservoir monitoring system 9 is disposed on the gas injection branch well 7, where the reservoir monitoring system 9 is located at the junction of the salty water layer and the upper cover layer, and is mainly used for monitoring the formation fracture pressure and the upward migration flow rate of carbon dioxide, if the flow rate is too high, it indicates that the upper cover layer cannot effectively block the migration of carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide can leak; if the pressure is too great here, the formation may fracture and crack, resulting in leakage of carbon dioxide. The pressure of the salty water layer and the pressure of the stratum fracture are monitored in real time through the reservoir monitoring system 9, and signals are sent to corresponding components according to the pressure difference of the two pressures.|[0029] In some embodiments of the present utility model, along the length direction of the gas injection branch well 7, a water pumping valve 12 and a pressure control valve 13 are sequentially arranged at the front part of the gas injection branch well 7, and the water pumping valve 12 and the pressure control valve 13 are respectively connected with the first reservoir monitoring 9 system. The pressure of the salty water layer and the pressure of the stratum fracture can be monitored in real time through the first reservoir monitoring system 9, signals are sent to the water pumping valve 12 and/or the pressure control valve 13 according to the pressure difference of the two pressures, and the effect of switching the opening and closing of the water pumping valve 12 and/or the pressure control valve 13 is achieved.|[0030] Preferably, the gas-barrier sieve tube 14 is also arranged in the gas injection branch well 7, and the gas-barrier sieve tube 14 is arranged along the length direction of the gas injection branch well 7. The gas barrier screen 14 is used to block the inflow of gas and only allow water into the gas injection branch well 7.|[0031] Further, the upper part of the water pipe 18 is provided with a liquid purifier 5; the water pipe 18 is provided with a hydraulic anchor 6. The pore water pumped in the gas injection branch well 7 flows to the offshore platform 1 through the water pipe 18 and is discharged into the sea water after being treated by the liquid purifier 5. Moreover, under the action of the hydraulic anchor 6, the weight of the water pipe 18 is increased, and the position movement of the water pipe 18 is avoided.|[0032] In certain embodiments of the present utility model, a pressure monitoring system 16 is provided on the water extraction branch well 8, the second reservoir monitoring system 16 being used to monitor the pressure of the brine layer and the pressure of formation fractures; the pressure monitoring system 16 is located at the lower part of the salty water layer, and is mainly used for monitoring the pressure around the pumping branch well 8, so as to avoid that the injected dioxide of the pumping branch well 8 is concentrated around the well, and the well Zhou Yali of the pumping branch well 8 is too high to cause the formation to be broken.|[0033] In some embodiments of the present utility model, a pressure-controlled switch 10 and a carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11 are sequentially disposed at the front of the pumping branch well 8 along the length direction of the pumping branch well 8, and the pressure-controlled switch 10 and the carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11 are respectively connected with a pressure monitoring system 16. The pressure monitoring system 16 can monitor the pressure of a salty water layer and the pressure of formation fracture in real time, and send signals to the pressure-controlled switch 10 and/or the carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11 according to the pressure difference of the two pressures, so that the pressure-controlled switch 10 can be switched on and off, and the start and stop of the carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11 can be controlled.|[0034] Preferably, a gas flowmeter is arranged at the joint of the main well 19 and the pumping branch well 8, and the flow rate of the carbon dioxide is known in real time through the gas flowmeter.|[0035] In some embodiments of the utility model, the offshore platform 1 is provided with a gas compressor 3 and a storage and transportation pipeline 4; the gas compressor 3 is communicated with the gas injection branch well 7 through the storage and transportation pipeline 4. The carbon dioxide to be buried is conveyed to the gas compressor 3 through the storage and transportation pipeline 4, and is added to a gas injection branch well 7 for conveying the carbon dioxide to the saline water layer under a certain pressure.|[0036] Preferably, the offshore platform 1 is provided with a wellhead multi-way valve 2, the wellhead multi-way valve 2 being arranged in the upper part of the main well 19, through which wellhead multi-way valve 2 the injection of carbon dioxide in the main well 19 and the pumping of brine in the water pipe 18 can be controlled.|[0037] During operation, carbon dioxide to be buried is conveyed to the gas compressor 3 through the storage and transportation pipeline 4, and is conveyed to the gas injection branch well 7 under a certain pressure; the reservoir monitoring system 9 monitors the pressure of the saline layer and the pressure of the formation fracture in real time, if the pressure of the saline layer is smaller than the formation fracture pressure at this time, the pressure-controlled switch 10 is turned on, carbon dioxide enters the saline layer through the gas injection hole 15, and the carbon dioxide rate of injection into the saline layer is controlled by the carbon dioxide injection allocation device 11.|[0038] After injecting carbon dioxide for a period of time, the carbon dioxide continuously moves upwards and is enriched above the saline water layer, at the moment, the water pumping branch well 8 is positioned above the saline water layer, and the water pumping branch well 8 is positioned above the saline water layer; at this time, when the pressure of the carbon dioxide in the pressure monitoring system 16 is monitored to reach the fracture pressure of the stratum, the air pressure valve and the water pumping valve 12 can be opened, pore water in the salty water layer enters the water pipe 18 through the water pumping branch well 8, and pumped pore water flows to the offshore platform 1 through the water pipe 18 and is discharged into seawater after being treated by the liquid purifier 5; alternatively, when the pressure monitoring system 16 monitors that the pressure of the carbon dioxide is about to reach the fracture pressure of the formation, the injection of carbon dioxide may be selectively turned off, thereby reducing the pressure of the formation;|[0039] the two modes can avoid that the pressure of the carbon dioxide is higher than the fracture pressure of the stratum, and the sealing effect of the carbon dioxide is realized.|[0040] All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model. | Family Number|(106423154)|106423154|Abstract|(CN219655826U U)|The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration , in particular to a same - well injection and pumping system for sequestration of carbon dioxide in a seabed salt water layer , which comprises an offshore platform arranged on the sea level , a main well is arranged in the offshore platform and extends towards the seabed from the offshore platform , and the lower portion of the main well is connected with a pumping branch well . A water pipe is arranged in the main well in a penetrating mode and connected with the gas injection branch well , and the gas injection branch well and the water pumping branch well are both horizontally arranged . A carbon dioxide injection allocation device is arranged on the front portion of the water pumping branch well , and a plurality of gas injection holes are formed in the length direction of the water pumping branch well . According to the utility model , the gas injection branch well and the water pumping branch well form a double - horizontal well structure ; the contact area of the injection well and the salt water layer can be effectively increased through the double - horizontal - well structure , the gas injection amount and the gas injection rate are increased , the situation that the pressure of carbon dioxide is larger than the stratum fracture pressure is avoided , and rapid sealing and storage of carbon dioxide are achieved . | | Mechanical elements | F17C-001/00|F17C-013/00|F17C-013/02|F17C-013/04 | F17C-001/00|F17C-013/00|F17C-013/02|F17C-013/04 | CN118779559|CN118148568 | CN118779559 111777233 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN118148568 110108245 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | LAPSED | (CN219655826)|LAPSED | DEAD | (CN219655826)|DEAD | (CN219655826)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN219655826|Actual or expected expiration date=2026-04-14|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2023-04-23|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202320945134|Application date=2023-04-23|Standardized application number=2023CN-U945134|Event publication date=2023-09-08|Event code=CN/U|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Registered Utility Model|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN219655826|Publication stage code=U|Publication date=2023-09-08|Standardized publication number=CN219655826U|Event publication date=2023-09-08|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right|Event publication date=2026-04-14|Event code=CN/CF01|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=jf59U3ybGzbJjZbfvZNpU6qLeopS8oZMbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000069463604&ekey=2316&xpn=CN219655826U&kind=U | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=vBoY1Kts%252BCgKgAA0BjZtOrmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN219655826)|CN | (CN219655826)|NAME=GUANGZHOU MARINE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN219655826)|NAME=CHENG MINLU;GUANGZHOU KEYUE I.P. LAW OFFICE , REG=44001 | (CN219655826)|NAME=LI XIAN|NAME=LU HONGFENG|NAME=XU CHENLU|NAME=XING DONGHUI|NAME=DOU JINWEN | Titre: (CN219655826)|Same-well injection and pumping system for sealing and storing carbon dioxide in seabed saline water layer Résumé: (CN219655826)|The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean carbon sequestration, in particular to a same-well injection and pumping system for sequestration of carbon dioxide in a seabed salt water layer, which comprises an offshore platform arranged on the sea level, a main well is arranged in the offshore platform and extends towards the seabed from the offshore platform, and the lower portion of the main well is connected with a pumping branch well. A water pipe is arranged in the main well in a penetrating mode and connected with the gas injection branch well, and the gas injection branch well and the water pumping branch well are both horizontally arranged. A carbon dioxide injection allocation device is arranged on the front portion of the water pumping branch well, and a plurality of gas injection holes are formed in the length direction of the water pumping branch well. According to the utility model, the gas injection branch well and the water pumping branch well form a double-horizontal well structure; the contact area of the injection well and the salt water layer can be effectively increased through the double-horizontal-well structure, the gas injection amount and the gas injection rate are increased, the situation that the pressure of carbon dioxide is larger than the stratum fracture pressure is avoided, and rapid sealing and storage of carbon dioxide are achieved. | 79.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a system for carbon dioxide sequestration in seabed saline water, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 0.0 | 2.0 | (CN219655826)|1 | (CN219655826)|9 | (CN219655826)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN219655826)|1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN219655826)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-09-08|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-3602|Number of Pages: NPAGES=7| | (CN219655826)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN219655826U)|Utility model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 84 | CN202511280680 | CN202511280680 | CN121021060 | 116856117 | CN121021060 A 2025-11-28 [CN121021060] | 2025-09-09 | 2025-09-09 | 2025-11-28 | (CN121021060)|2045-09-09 | (CN121021060)|Alkali residue-based bionic curing agent and preparation method and marine ecological restoration application thereof | (CN121021060)|The invention relates to the field of resource recycling and ocean engineering materials, and discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, a preparation method thereof and an application of the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent in ocean ecological restoration. The curing agent comprises industrial alkaline residues, modified marine shell powder, a seaweed extract and a functional additive; preparing modified ocean shell powder: cleaning, drying and crushing ocean shells, and sieving to obtain shell powder; mixing the shell powder with citric acid, carrying out stirring reaction in a water bath, and after the reaction is completed, carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 4-5, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent which accounts for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and vacuum drying. The curing agent disclosed by the invention can be applied to seabed artificial reefs, coast slope protection ecological restoration and carbon sequestration carriers, can also be applied to scenes such as ocean engineering foundations and the like, and can reduce phenomena such as toppling of ocean power generation buildings caused by silt loss. | SHENZHEN SHIKEYU TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MATERIAL | (CN121021060)|SHENZHEN SHIKEYU TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. ([CN]) | HU JUN|HU JIALIN|ZHOU LIBIN | (CN121021060)|HU JUN|HU JIALIN|ZHOU LIBIN | (CN121021060)|PAN ZHONGGUO;Shenzhen Qianxing Patent Agency (General Partnership)|Reg. Nb: 41045 | (CN121021060)|1. The alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of industrial caustic sludge; 20-40 parts of modified sea shell powder; 3-8 parts of seaweed extract; 2-5 parts of functional auxiliary agent; the modified marine shell powder is prepared by the following method: Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning, drying and crushing marine shells, and sieving to obtain shell powder; Step 2, surface activation, namely mixing shell powder with citric acid, stirring and reacting in a water bath, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying after the reaction is completed; and 3, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing the activated shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 4-5, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and vacuum drying to obtain the modified marine shell powder. | | (CN121021060)|The application aims to provide a novel curing material which utilizes industrial waste, is environment-friendly, has strong seawater erosion resistance and is compatible with marine ecological environment, so that wastes such as industrial alkaline residues, waste shell powder and the like are fully utilized, the recycling of the wastes is realized, and the curing material is applied to submarine artificial reefs (strong seawater erosion resistance), coastal slope protection ecological restoration (replacing traditional masonry, being more environment-friendly) and carbon-fixing carriers (high carbon emission reduction), can also be used in scenes such as marine engineering foundations and the like, and the phenomenon of dumping of marine power generation buildings caused by sediment loss is reduced.|The application relates to the field of resource recycling and ocean engineering materials, and discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, a preparation method thereof and an ocean ecological restoration application.|The application relates to the field of resource recycling and ocean engineering materials, in particular to an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, a preparation method thereof and an ocean ecological restoration application.| | (CN121021060)|CURING AGENT(100,42)|ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION(100,5)|MARINE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION(100,3)|OCEAN ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION(100,2)|SEAWEED EXTRACT(77,28)|RESOURCE RECYCLING(75,2)|SUBMARINE ARTIFICIAL REEF(61,3)|CAUSTIC SLUDGE(57,12)|COASTAL SLOPE PROTECTION(55,1)|SEASHELL POWDER(51,19)|SHELL POWDER(48,12)|SEAWATER EROSION RESISTANCE(48,7)|MODIFIED SEASHELL POWDER(47,16)|MARINE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION(46,1)|MARINE SHELL POWDER(44,12)|PRETREATED SEAWEED RESIDUE(43,2)|ALKALINE RESIDUE(41,10)|OCEAN ENGINEERING FOUNDATION(41,4)|MARINE ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY(41,3)|CRUSHING MARINE SHELL(40,2)|SEDIMENT LOSS(40,2)|ULTRASONIC CYTOBREAKER(40,1)|KH 550 ACCOUNTING(39,7)|MODIFIED MARINE SHELL POWDER(38,12)|PRETREATED ALGAE RESIDUE(36,5)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(35,7)|SILANE COUPLING AGENT ACCOUNTING(35,1)|ABSOLUTE ETHYL ALCOHOL(34,25)|AUXILIARY AGENT FUNCTION(33,22)|ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION(33,5)|SEAWEED EXTRACTION(31,3)|ACTIVATED SHELL POWDER(29,4)|MASONRY(29,1)|SUCTION FILTRATION(28,9)|RESOURCE RECYCLING FIELD(28,2)|ECOLOGICAL CURING(26,3)|CLEANING SEA SHELL(25,1)|SUPERNATANT COLLECTION(24,5)|SCENE(24,2)|RECYCLING(24,1)|ALKALI SLAG(22,3)|OCEAN ENGINEERING MATERIAL(22,2)|MARINE ENGINEERING(22,1)|MARINE POWER GENERATION BUILDING(21,1)|DROPWISE(20,5)|REVETMENT(20,1)|CARBON FIXING CARRIER(19,3)|PRETREATMENT(18,5)|CURING MATERIAL(17,3)|CENTRIFUGATION(17,2)|CARBON FIXATION CARRIER(17,1)|CITRIC ACID(15,3)|EXTRACTING SOLUTION(15,2)|POTASSIUM DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE SOLUTION(14,3)|UNIFORM SLURRY(14,3)|CONSTANT HUMIDITY(14,2)|SOLUTION EXTRACTION(13,5)|DEMOLDING(13,3)|ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION BUILDING BLOCK(13,2)|INDUSTRIAL WASTE(13,2)|UNMODIFIED SEASHELL POWDER(13,2)|EMISSION REDUCTION(13,1)|WATER BATH(12,14)|SODIUM SULFATE(12,12)|VACUUM DRYING(12,11)|SODIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION(12,7)|ETHANOL SOLUTION(12,5)|FRACTIONAL PRECIPITATION(12,4)|SIEVING(12,3)|FEEDING LIQUID RATIO(11,1)|SEAWEED POWDER(10,3)|COAST(10,2)|SEA BOTTOM(10,2)|SODIUM METASILICATE(10,2)|WATER BATH ULTRASONIC TREATMENT(10,2)|SEAWEED EXTRACT SYNERGY(10,1)|ACETONE(9,5)|CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION(9,5)|STANDING(9,4)|MARINE SOFT SOIL FOUNDATION(9,1)|CITRIC ACID SOLUTION(8,4)|SURFACE ACTIVATION(8,4)|DRYING SEA SHELL(7,3)|ULTRASONIC CELL DISRUPTION(7,3)|CONSTANT TEMPERATURE(7,2)|SEAWATER ENVIRONMENT(7,2)|MARINE WINDMILL(7,1)|PREPROCESSING RAW MATERIAL(6,5)|SODIUM SILICATE MASS RATIO(6,5)|INTERMITTENT OPERATION(6,4)|CONSTANT WEIGHT(6,3)|MARINE ECONOMY(6,1)|CARRYING OUT SUCTION FILTRATION(5,9)|COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(5,6)|DEIONIZED WATER(5,5)|POST TREATMENT(5,5)|BASE SURFACE(5,3)|BASE RESIDUE(5,1)|MARINE ORGANISM ATTACHMENT GROWTH(5,1)|PRECIPITATE COLLECTION(5,1)|PROTECTION ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION(5,1)|CARRYING OUT REFLUX REACTION(4,6)|WATER SOLID RATIO(4,3)|CORROSION RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT(4,2)| | (CN121021060)|1. The alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:| 50-70 parts of industrial caustic sludge; | 20-40 parts of modified sea shell powder; | 3-8 parts of seaweed extract; | 2-5 parts of functional auxiliary agent; | the modified marine shell powder is prepared by the following method: | Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning, drying and crushing marine shells, and sieving to obtain shell powder; | Step 2, surface activation, namely mixing shell powder with citric acid, stirring and reacting in a water bath, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying after the reaction is completed; | and 3, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing the activated shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 4-5, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and vacuum drying to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |2. The alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation process of the modified marine shell powder, the shell powder and a 1mol/L citric acid solution are mixed according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 in the step 2, and are stirred and reacted for 2 hours in a water bath at 50 ℃.|3. The alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation process of the modified marine shell powder, in the step 3, a solid-to-liquid ratio of the shell powder to absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:20, and a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the shell powder is slowly added dropwise.|4. The alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agent according to claim 1, wherein the extraction method of the seaweed extract comprises the following steps:| Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed in an ethanol solution, stirring and filtering to obtain seaweed residues; | Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, in which the pretreated algae residue is mixed with a sodium carbonate solution, and the mixture is subjected to water bath ultrasonic treatment to obtain an extracting solution; | step 3, centrifugal separation, namely further centrifuging the extracting solution and collecting supernatant; | step 4, fractional precipitation, namely slowly adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 20-30%, standing, centrifuging to remove the precipitate, continuously adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 70-80%, standing overnight, and collecting the precipitate; | and 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, vacuum drying, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |5. The alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent according to claim 4, wherein in the extraction method of the seaweed extract, the pretreated seaweed residue is mixed with 2% sodium carbonate solution in the step 2, the mixture is placed in a 60 ℃ water bath with a feed liquid ratio of 1:20, and an ultrasonic cytobreaker is adopted, the power is 600W, the frequency is 25kHz, the treatment is carried out for 40min, and each 5s of operation and each 5s of intermittent operation are carried out alternately.|6. The alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agent of claim 1, wherein the functional auxiliary agent is one or more of sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate and sodium sulfate.|7. The alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent according to claim 6, wherein the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is (3-5): 1.|8. The method for preparing the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:| Step 1, preparing raw materials, namely drying industrial alkaline residues to constant weight, crushing, sieving and preparing modified sea shell powder and seaweed extract; | And 2, compounding the components, namely uniformly mixing the alkali slag powder with the functional auxiliary agent, then adding the modified sea shell powder and the seaweed extract, and continuously stirring and mixing to obtain the alkali slag-based bionic curing agent. |9. Use of the alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agent according to any one of claims 1-7 in marine ecological restoration, characterized in that the use comprises at least one of the following:| Artificial reef on the sea bottom; | ecological restoration building blocks for coast slope protection; | a carbon-fixing carrier; | ocean engineering foundation. |10. The use of the alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agent according to claim 9, wherein the application method comprises:| Step 1, wet forming, namely mixing the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent with deionized water, wherein the water-solid ratio is (0.4-0.6): 1, and forming uniform slurry; | step 2, ecological curing, namely injecting the obtained slurry into a die, and curing for 36-48h under the conditions of 20+/-2 ℃ and 98+/-2% humidity at constant temperature and constant humidity; | And 3, performing surface alkali control treatment, namely immersing the sample in 1-2wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 18-24 hours after demolding, thus obtaining the product. | (CN121021060)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The application relates to the field of resource recycling and ocean engineering materials, in particular to an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, a preparation method thereof and an ocean ecological restoration application.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The alkaline residue is alkaline residue discharged in the process of alkali preparation and alkali treatment in industrial production, and the main components of the alkaline residue are calcium salts such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride and the like, and contain sodium chloride and the like.|[0003] In ocean engineering construction, such as submarine artificial reefs, coast slope protection ecological restoration, ocean engineering foundations, and the like, natural stone or reinforced concrete is conventionally used in a large amount. The materials have high energy consumption and large carbon emission in the production process, and have poor compatibility with marine ecological environment. In addition, conventional curing agents such as ordinary cement for reinforcing the marine soft soil foundation are easy to erode in a seawater environment, the stability is reduced, and the collapse of buildings such as marine windmills is easy to cause sand and stone flow.|[0004] Therefore, the development of a novel curing material which utilizes industrial waste, is environment-friendly, has strong seawater erosion resistance and is compatible with marine ecological environment has great significance for developing green marine economy.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The application aims to provide a novel curing material which utilizes industrial waste, is environment-friendly, has strong seawater erosion resistance and is compatible with marine ecological environment, so that wastes such as industrial alkaline residues, waste shell powder and the like are fully utilized, the recycling of the wastes is realized, and the curing material is applied to submarine artificial reefs (strong seawater erosion resistance), coastal slope protection ecological restoration (replacing traditional masonry, being more environment-friendly) and carbon-fixing carriers (high carbon emission reduction), can also be used in scenes such as marine engineering foundations and the like, and the phenomenon of dumping of marine power generation buildings caused by sediment loss is reduced.|[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:|[0007] in a first aspect, the application provides an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: |[0008] 50-70 parts of industrial caustic sludge; |[0009] 20-40 parts of modified sea shell powder; |[0010] 3-8 parts of seaweed extract; |[0011] 2-5 parts of functional auxiliary agent; |[0012] the modified marine shell powder is prepared by the following method: |[0013] Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning, drying and crushing marine shells, and sieving to obtain shell powder; |[0014] Step 2, surface activation, namely mixing shell powder with citric acid, stirring and reacting in a water bath, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying after the reaction is completed; |[0015] and 3, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing the activated shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 4-5, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and vacuum drying to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |[0016] Further, in the preparation process of the modified marine shell powder, in the step 2, the shell powder and a citric acid solution with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1mol/L are mixed and stirred in a water bath at 50 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours.|[0017] Further, in the preparation process of the modified marine shell powder, in the step 3, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the shell powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:20, and the silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the shell powder is slowly added dropwise.|[0018] Further, the modified marine shell powder is prepared by the following method:|[0019] Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning and drying sea shells, mechanically crushing, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder; |[0020] Step 2, surface activation, namely mixing shell powder and a citric acid solution with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, stirring in a water bath with the temperature of 50 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, filtering after the reaction is finished, repeatedly washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 105 ℃; |[0021] And 3, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing the activated shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring the mixture according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, regulating the pH value of the solution to be 4-5 by using glacial acetic acid, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction for 4 hours at 75 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, washing the shell powder for 2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, removing the coupling agent, and carrying out vacuum drying for 12 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |[0022] Further, the extraction method of the seaweed extract comprises the following steps:|[0023] Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed in an ethanol solution, stirring and filtering to obtain seaweed residues; |[0024] Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, in which the pretreated algae residue is mixed with a sodium carbonate solution, and the mixture is subjected to water bath ultrasonic treatment to obtain an extracting solution; |[0025] step 3, centrifugal separation, namely further centrifuging the extracting solution and collecting supernatant; |[0026] step 4, fractional precipitation, namely slowly adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 20-30%, standing, centrifuging to remove the precipitate, continuously adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 70-80%, standing overnight, and collecting the precipitate; |[0027] and 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, vacuum drying, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |[0028] In the extraction method of the seaweed extract, the pretreated seaweed residues are mixed with 2% sodium carbonate solution in the step 2, the mixture is placed in a 60 ℃ water bath with a feed-liquid ratio of 1:20, an ultrasonic cell disruptor is adopted, the power is 600W, the frequency is 25kHz, the treatment is carried out for 40min, and every 5s of work is carried out, and the intermittent 5s of work is carried out alternately.|[0029] Further, the extraction method of the seaweed extract comprises the following steps:|[0030] Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed powder in 90% ethanol solution for 3 hours, stirring and filtering the seaweed powder to obtain seaweed residues, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1:10; |[0031] Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, namely mixing pretreated algae residues with 2% sodium carbonate solution, placing the mixture in a water bath with the temperature of 60 ℃ according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1:20, and performing ultrasonic cell disruption with the power of 600W and the frequency of 25kHz for 40min, wherein each time of 5s, 5s of intermittent operation and alternate operation are performed; |[0032] Step 3, centrifugal separation, namely centrifuging the extracting solution at 8000rpm for 20min, and collecting supernatant; |[0033] Step 4, fractional precipitation, namely slowly adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 20-30%, standing for 4 hours, centrifuging to remove the precipitate, continuously adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 70-80%, standing overnight, and collecting the precipitate; |[0034] And 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, dehydrating for 3 times, vacuum drying at 45 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |[0035] Further, the functional auxiliary agent is one or more of sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate and sodium sulfate.|[0036] Further, the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is (3-5): 1.|[0037] In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which comprises the following steps:|[0038] Step 1, preparing raw materials, namely drying industrial alkaline residues to constant weight, crushing, sieving and preparing modified sea shell powder and seaweed extract; |[0039] And 2, compounding the components, namely uniformly mixing the alkali slag powder with the functional auxiliary agent, then adding the modified sea shell powder and the seaweed extract, and continuously stirring and mixing to obtain the alkali slag-based bionic curing agent. |[0040] In a third aspect, the application provides an application of the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent in marine ecological restoration, wherein the application at least comprises one of the following:|[0041] Artificial reef on the sea bottom; |[0042] ecological restoration building blocks for coast slope protection; |[0043] a carbon-fixing carrier; |[0044] ocean engineering foundation. |[0045] Further, the application method comprises the following steps:|[0046] Step 1, wet forming, namely mixing the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent with deionized water, wherein the water-solid ratio is (0.4-0.6): 1, and forming uniform slurry; |[0047] step 2, ecological curing, namely injecting the obtained slurry into a die, and curing for 36-48h under the conditions of 20+/-2 ℃ and 98+/-2% humidity at constant temperature and constant humidity; |[0048] And 3, performing surface alkali control treatment, namely immersing the sample in 1-2wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 18-24 hours after demolding, thus obtaining the product. |[0049] In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects:|[0050] The application uses industrial alkaline residue and marine shell waste as main raw materials of the curing agent, realizes waste utilization, is green and environment-friendly, accords with the national circular economy development direction, and the curing agent prepared by the application has compact structure, higher compressive strength and seawater erosion resistance, is obviously superior to common silicate cement, has homology of material components and marine environment elements, has pH value close to that of seawater after the surface is subjected to alkali control treatment, and is beneficial to the attachment growth of marine organisms. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0051] The technical scheme and effect of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and not limiting thereof.|[0052] Example 1|[0053] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:|[0054] 50 parts of industrial caustic sludge; |[0055] 20 parts of modified sea shell powder; |[0056] 3 parts of seaweed extract; |[0057] 2 parts of functional auxiliary agent; |[0058] In this example, each serving is 100g. |[0059] Wherein, the industrial caustic sludge is solid waste discharged in the process of producing sodium carbonate by an ammonia-soda process, and the dry basis mass composition of the industrial caustic sludge is required to meet the requirements that Ca (OH) 2≥20%,CaCO3 is more than or equal to 40 percent and the pH value (prepared into 10 percent aqueous solution) is more than or equal to 12.0.|[0060] The modified sea shell powder is prepared by the following steps:|[0061] Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning and drying sea shells, mechanically crushing, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder; |[0062] Step 2, surface activation, namely mixing shell powder and a citric acid solution with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, stirring in a water bath with the temperature of 50 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, filtering after the reaction is finished, repeatedly washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 105 ℃; |[0063] and 3, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing the activated shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring the mixture, regulating the pH value of the solution to be 4 by using glacial acetic acid, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction for 4 hours at 75 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, washing the shell powder with absolute ethyl alcohol for 2 times to remove the coupling agent, and carrying out vacuum drying for 12 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |[0064] The seaweed extract is prepared by the following method:|[0065] Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed powder in 90% ethanol solution for 3 hours, stirring and filtering the seaweed powder to obtain seaweed residues, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1:10; |[0066] Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, namely mixing pretreated algae residues with 2% sodium carbonate solution, placing the mixture in a water bath with the temperature of 60 ℃ according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1:20, and performing ultrasonic cell disruption with the power of 600W and the frequency of 25kHz for 40min, wherein each time of 5s, 5s of intermittent operation and alternate operation are performed; |[0067] Step 3, centrifugal separation, namely centrifuging the extracting solution at 8000rpm for 20min, and collecting supernatant; |[0068] Step 4, fractional precipitation, namely slowly adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 30%, standing for 4 hours, centrifuging to remove the precipitate, continuously adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration reaches 70%, standing overnight, and collecting the precipitate; |[0069] And 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, dehydrating for 3 times, vacuum drying at 45 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |[0070] The functional auxiliary agent is sodium silicate.|[0071] The preparation method of the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|[0072] Step 1, preparing raw materials, namely drying industrial alkaline residues to constant weight, crushing, sieving and preparing modified sea shell powder and seaweed extract; |[0073] And 2, compounding the components, namely uniformly mixing the alkali slag powder with the functional auxiliary agent, then adding the modified sea shell powder and the seaweed extract, and continuously stirring and mixing to obtain the alkali slag-based bionic curing agent. |[0074] Example 2|[0075] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:|[0076] 60 parts of industrial caustic sludge; |[0077] 30 parts of modified sea shell powder; |[0078] 5 parts of seaweed extract; |[0079] 3.5 parts of functional auxiliary agent; |[0080] In this example, each serving is 100g. |[0081] Example 3|[0082] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:|[0083] 70 parts of industrial caustic sludge; |[0084] 40 parts of modified sea shell powder; |[0085] 8 parts of seaweed extract; |[0086] 5 parts of functional auxiliary agent; |[0087] In this example, each serving is 100g. |[0088] Example 4|[0089] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is 3:1.|[0090] Example 5|[0091] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is 4:1.|[0092] Example 6|[0093] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is 5:1.|[0094] Comparative example 1|[0095] The present example discloses an alkaline residue based biomimetic curing agent, which differs from example 1 only in that an equivalent amount of unmodified sea shell powder is used instead of modified sea shell powder.|[0096] Comparative example 2|[0097] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the preparation method of the modified sea shell powder comprises the following steps:|[0098] Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning and drying sea shells, mechanically crushing, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder; |[0099] And 2, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, regulating the pH value of the solution to 4 by using glacial acetic acid, slowly dripping silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction for 4 hours at 75 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, washing for 2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, removing the coupling agent, and carrying out vacuum drying for 12 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |[0100] Comparative example 3|[0101] The present example discloses an alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agent, which differs from example 1 only in that the preparation method of seaweed extract comprises the following steps:|[0102] Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed powder in 90% ethanol solution for 3 hours, stirring and filtering the seaweed powder to obtain seaweed residues, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1:10; |[0103] Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, namely mixing pretreated algae residues with 2% sodium carbonate solution, placing the mixture in a water bath with the temperature of 60 ℃ according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1:20, and performing ultrasonic cell disruption with the power of 600W and the frequency of 25kHz for 40min, wherein each time of 5s, 5s of intermittent operation and alternate operation are performed; |[0104] Step 3, centrifugal separation, namely centrifuging the extracting solution at 8000rpm for 20min, and collecting supernatant; |[0105] Step 4, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration reaches 70%, standing overnight, and collecting precipitate; |[0106] And 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, dehydrating for 3 times, vacuum drying at 45 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |[0107] Comparative example 4|[0108] Ordinary 42.5 Portland cement.|[0109] Comparative example 5|[0110] This example discloses an alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agent, which differs from example 1 only in that no seaweed extract is added.|[0111] Performance detection|[0112] Test pieces prepared from the alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agents of examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance test.|[0113] (1) Preparation of test pieces:|[0114] step 1, wet forming, namely mixing the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent with deionized water, wherein the water-solid ratio is 0.5:1, and forming uniform slurry; |[0115] Step 2, ecological curing, namely injecting the obtained slurry into a die, and curing for 36h under the conditions of 20+/-2 ℃ and 98+/-2% humidity; |[0116] And 3, performing surface alkali control treatment, namely immersing the sample in 1.5wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 18 hours after demolding, thus obtaining the product. |[0117] (2) Compressive strength is tested by referring to GB/T17671-2021 method for testing Cement mortar strength (ISO method);|[0118] seawater resistance test by referring to GB/T749-2008 "cement sulfate resistance test method", the corrosion resistance coefficient after 90 days of immersion (k=post-immersion strength/pre-immersion strength) was tested. |[0119] (3) Experimental results:|[0120] 28d compressive Strength (MPa) 90D seawater erosion resistance (K)Example 143.51.06Example 244.31.11Example 343.91.09Example 444.61.14Example 545.11.16Example 645.01.14Comparative example 137.10.72Comparative example 239.10.75Comparative example 338.30.72Comparative example 443.60.84Comparative example 535.70.69|[0121] In combination with examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-5, and in combination with the above table data, the compressive strength of example 1 was slightly lower than that of ordinary 42.5 Portland cement, but the corrosion resistance coefficient (K=1.06) was much higher than that of cement (K=0.84), indicating that the structure was more stable in a seawater environment, the strength was still increasing, and the corrosion resistance was excellent.|[0122] In comparative example 1, the same amount of unmodified sea shell powder was used instead of modified sea shell powder, and the performance of the modified sea shell powder was significantly reduced compared with that of example 1, which indicates that the compressive strength and seawater erosion resistance of the modified sea shell powder can be improved. Comparative example 5 has the worst performance, which indicates that no effective corrosion-resistant system can be formed without adding seaweed extract, and the synergy of seaweed extract is of great importance.|[0123] In conclusion, the industrial alkali residues and the marine shell wastes are used as main raw materials of the curing agent, the prepared curing agent forms a compact curing body structure, has higher compressive strength and seawater erosion resistance, is obviously superior to that of ordinary Portland cement, has homology with marine environment elements, has a pH value close to that of seawater after the surface is subjected to alkali control treatment, and is beneficial to the attachment and growth of marine organisms.|[0124] The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present application and is not to be construed as limiting the present application, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present application as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present application. | (CN121021060)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The application relates to the field of resource recycling and ocean engineering materials, in particular to an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, a preparation method thereof and an ocean ecological restoration application.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The alkaline residue is alkaline residue discharged in the process of alkali preparation and alkali treatment in industrial production, and the main components of the alkaline residue are calcium salts such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride and the like, and contain sodium chloride and the like.|[0003] In ocean engineering construction, such as submarine artificial reefs, coast slope protection ecological restoration, ocean engineering foundations, and the like, natural stone or reinforced concrete is conventionally used in a large amount. The materials have high energy consumption and large carbon emission in the production process, and have poor compatibility with marine ecological environment. In addition, conventional curing agents such as ordinary cement for reinforcing the marine soft soil foundation are easy to erode in a seawater environment, the stability is reduced, and the collapse of buildings such as marine windmills is easy to cause sand and stone flow.|[0004] Therefore, the development of a novel curing material which utilizes industrial waste, is environment-friendly, has strong seawater erosion resistance and is compatible with marine ecological environment has great significance for developing green marine economy.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The application aims to provide a novel curing material which utilizes industrial waste, is environment-friendly, has strong seawater erosion resistance and is compatible with marine ecological environment, so that wastes such as industrial alkaline residues, waste shell powder and the like are fully utilized, the recycling of the wastes is realized, and the curing material is applied to submarine artificial reefs (strong seawater erosion resistance), coastal slope protection ecological restoration (replacing traditional masonry, being more environment-friendly) and carbon-fixing carriers (high carbon emission reduction), can also be used in scenes such as marine engineering foundations and the like, and the phenomenon of dumping of marine power generation buildings caused by sediment loss is reduced.|[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:|[0007] in a first aspect, the application provides an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: |[0008] 50-70 parts of industrial caustic sludge; |[0009] 20-40 parts of modified sea shell powder; |[0010] 3-8 parts of seaweed extract; |[0011] 2-5 parts of functional auxiliary agent; |[0012] the modified marine shell powder is prepared by the following method: |[0013] Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning, drying and crushing marine shells, and sieving to obtain shell powder; |[0014] Step 2, surface activation, namely mixing shell powder with citric acid, stirring and reacting in a water bath, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying after the reaction is completed; |[0015] and 3, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing the activated shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 4-5, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and vacuum drying to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |[0016] Further, in the preparation process of the modified marine shell powder, in the step 2, the shell powder and a citric acid solution with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1mol/L are mixed and stirred in a water bath at 50 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours.|[0017] Further, in the preparation process of the modified marine shell powder, in the step 3, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the shell powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:20, and the silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the shell powder is slowly added dropwise.|[0018] Further, the modified marine shell powder is prepared by the following method:|[0019] Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning and drying sea shells, mechanically crushing, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder; |[0020] Step 2, surface activation, namely mixing shell powder and a citric acid solution with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, stirring in a water bath with the temperature of 50 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, filtering after the reaction is finished, repeatedly washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 105 ℃; |[0021] And 3, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing the activated shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring the mixture according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, regulating the pH value of the solution to be 4-5 by using glacial acetic acid, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction for 4 hours at 75 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, washing the shell powder for 2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, removing the coupling agent, and carrying out vacuum drying for 12 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |[0022] Further, the extraction method of the seaweed extract comprises the following steps:|[0023] Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed in an ethanol solution, stirring and filtering to obtain seaweed residues; |[0024] Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, in which the pretreated algae residue is mixed with a sodium carbonate solution, and the mixture is subjected to water bath ultrasonic treatment to obtain an extracting solution; |[0025] step 3, centrifugal separation, namely further centrifuging the extracting solution and collecting supernatant; |[0026] step 4, fractional precipitation, namely slowly adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 20-30%, standing, centrifuging to remove the precipitate, continuously adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 70-80%, standing overnight, and collecting the precipitate; |[0027] and 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, vacuum drying, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |[0028] In the extraction method of the seaweed extract, the pretreated seaweed residues are mixed with 2% sodium carbonate solution in the step 2, the mixture is placed in a 60 ℃ water bath with a feed-liquid ratio of 1:20, an ultrasonic cell disruptor is adopted, the power is 600W, the frequency is 25kHz, the treatment is carried out for 40min, and every 5s of work is carried out, and the intermittent 5s of work is carried out alternately.|[0029] Further, the extraction method of the seaweed extract comprises the following steps:|[0030] Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed powder in 90% ethanol solution for 3 hours, stirring and filtering the seaweed powder to obtain seaweed residues, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1:10; |[0031] Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, namely mixing pretreated algae residues with 2% sodium carbonate solution, placing the mixture in a water bath with the temperature of 60 ℃ according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1:20, and performing ultrasonic cell disruption with the power of 600W and the frequency of 25kHz for 40min, wherein each time of 5s, 5s of intermittent operation and alternate operation are performed; |[0032] Step 3, centrifugal separation, namely centrifuging the extracting solution at 8000rpm for 20min, and collecting supernatant; |[0033] Step 4, fractional precipitation, namely slowly adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 20-30%, standing for 4 hours, centrifuging to remove the precipitate, continuously adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 70-80%, standing overnight, and collecting the precipitate; |[0034] And 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, dehydrating for 3 times, vacuum drying at 45 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |[0035] Further, the functional auxiliary agent is one or more of sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate and sodium sulfate.|[0036] Further, the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is (3-5): 1.|[0037] In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which comprises the following steps:|[0038] Step 1, preparing raw materials, namely drying industrial alkaline residues to constant weight, crushing, sieving and preparing modified sea shell powder and seaweed extract; |[0039] And 2, compounding the components, namely uniformly mixing the alkali slag powder with the functional auxiliary agent, then adding the modified sea shell powder and the seaweed extract, and continuously stirring and mixing to obtain the alkali slag-based bionic curing agent. |[0040] In a third aspect, the application provides an application of the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent in marine ecological restoration, wherein the application at least comprises one of the following:|[0041] Artificial reef on the sea bottom; |[0042] ecological restoration building blocks for coast slope protection; |[0043] a carbon-fixing carrier; |[0044] ocean engineering foundation. |[0045] Further, the application method comprises the following steps:|[0046] Step 1, wet forming, namely mixing the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent with deionized water, wherein the water-solid ratio is (0.4-0.6): 1, and forming uniform slurry; |[0047] step 2, ecological curing, namely injecting the obtained slurry into a die, and curing for 36-48h under the conditions of 20+/-2 ℃ and 98+/-2% humidity at constant temperature and constant humidity; |[0048] And 3, performing surface alkali control treatment, namely immersing the sample in 1-2wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 18-24 hours after demolding, thus obtaining the product. |[0049] In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects:|[0050] The application uses industrial alkaline residue and marine shell waste as main raw materials of the curing agent, realizes waste utilization, is green and environment-friendly, accords with the national circular economy development direction, and the curing agent prepared by the application has compact structure, higher compressive strength and seawater erosion resistance, is obviously superior to common silicate cement, has homology of material components and marine environment elements, has pH value close to that of seawater after the surface is subjected to alkali control treatment, and is beneficial to the attachment growth of marine organisms. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0051] The technical scheme and effect of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and not limiting thereof.|[0052] Example 1|[0053] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:|[0054] 50 parts of industrial caustic sludge; |[0055] 20 parts of modified sea shell powder; |[0056] 3 parts of seaweed extract; |[0057] 2 parts of functional auxiliary agent; |[0058] In this example, each serving is 100g. |[0059] Wherein, the industrial caustic sludge is solid waste discharged in the process of producing sodium carbonate by an ammonia-soda process, and the dry basis mass composition of the industrial caustic sludge is required to meet the requirements that Ca (OH) 2≥20%,CaCO3 is more than or equal to 40 percent and the pH value (prepared into 10 percent aqueous solution) is more than or equal to 12.0.|[0060] The modified sea shell powder is prepared by the following steps:|[0061] Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning and drying sea shells, mechanically crushing, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder; |[0062] Step 2, surface activation, namely mixing shell powder and a citric acid solution with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, stirring in a water bath with the temperature of 50 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, filtering after the reaction is finished, repeatedly washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 105 ℃; |[0063] and 3, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing the activated shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring the mixture, regulating the pH value of the solution to be 4 by using glacial acetic acid, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction for 4 hours at 75 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, washing the shell powder with absolute ethyl alcohol for 2 times to remove the coupling agent, and carrying out vacuum drying for 12 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |[0064] The seaweed extract is prepared by the following method:|[0065] Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed powder in 90% ethanol solution for 3 hours, stirring and filtering the seaweed powder to obtain seaweed residues, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1:10; |[0066] Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, namely mixing pretreated algae residues with 2% sodium carbonate solution, placing the mixture in a water bath with the temperature of 60 ℃ according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1:20, and performing ultrasonic cell disruption with the power of 600W and the frequency of 25kHz for 40min, wherein each time of 5s, 5s of intermittent operation and alternate operation are performed; |[0067] Step 3, centrifugal separation, namely centrifuging the extracting solution at 8000rpm for 20min, and collecting supernatant; |[0068] Step 4, fractional precipitation, namely slowly adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration is 30%, standing for 4 hours, centrifuging to remove the precipitate, continuously adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration reaches 70%, standing overnight, and collecting the precipitate; |[0069] And 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, dehydrating for 3 times, vacuum drying at 45 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |[0070] The functional auxiliary agent is sodium silicate.|[0071] The preparation method of the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|[0072] Step 1, preparing raw materials, namely drying industrial alkaline residues to constant weight, crushing, sieving and preparing modified sea shell powder and seaweed extract; |[0073] And 2, compounding the components, namely uniformly mixing the alkali slag powder with the functional auxiliary agent, then adding the modified sea shell powder and the seaweed extract, and continuously stirring and mixing to obtain the alkali slag-based bionic curing agent. |[0074] Example 2|[0075] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:|[0076] 60 parts of industrial caustic sludge; |[0077] 30 parts of modified sea shell powder; |[0078] 5 parts of seaweed extract; |[0079] 3.5 parts of functional auxiliary agent; |[0080] In this example, each serving is 100g. |[0081] Example 3|[0082] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:|[0083] 70 parts of industrial caustic sludge; |[0084] 40 parts of modified sea shell powder; |[0085] 8 parts of seaweed extract; |[0086] 5 parts of functional auxiliary agent; |[0087] In this example, each serving is 100g. |[0088] Example 4|[0089] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is 3:1.|[0090] Example 5|[0091] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is 4:1.|[0092] Example 6|[0093] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium sulfate is 5:1.|[0094] Comparative example 1|[0095] The present example discloses an alkaline residue based biomimetic curing agent, which differs from example 1 only in that an equivalent amount of unmodified sea shell powder is used instead of modified sea shell powder.|[0096] Comparative example 2|[0097] The embodiment discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the preparation method of the modified sea shell powder comprises the following steps:|[0098] Step 1, pretreatment, namely cleaning and drying sea shells, mechanically crushing, and sieving with a 800-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder; |[0099] And 2, modifying the coupling agent, namely dispersing shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, regulating the pH value of the solution to 4 by using glacial acetic acid, slowly dripping silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction for 4 hours at 75 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, washing for 2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, removing the coupling agent, and carrying out vacuum drying for 12 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified marine shell powder. |[0100] Comparative example 3|[0101] The present example discloses an alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agent, which differs from example 1 only in that the preparation method of seaweed extract comprises the following steps:|[0102] Step 1, preprocessing raw materials, namely drying and crushing seaweed, soaking the seaweed powder in 90% ethanol solution for 3 hours, stirring and filtering the seaweed powder to obtain seaweed residues, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1:10; |[0103] Step 2, ultrasonic assisted extraction, namely mixing pretreated algae residues with 2% sodium carbonate solution, placing the mixture in a water bath with the temperature of 60 ℃ according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1:20, and performing ultrasonic cell disruption with the power of 600W and the frequency of 25kHz for 40min, wherein each time of 5s, 5s of intermittent operation and alternate operation are performed; |[0104] Step 3, centrifugal separation, namely centrifuging the extracting solution at 8000rpm for 20min, and collecting supernatant; |[0105] Step 4, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant until the alcohol concentration reaches 70%, standing overnight, and collecting precipitate; |[0106] And 5, post-treatment, namely washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, dehydrating for 3 times, vacuum drying at 45 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing to obtain the seaweed extract. |[0107] Comparative example 4|[0108] Ordinary 42.5 Portland cement.|[0109] Comparative example 5|[0110] This example discloses an alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agent, which differs from example 1 only in that no seaweed extract is added.|[0111] Performance detection|[0112] Test pieces prepared from the alkaline residue-based biomimetic curing agents of examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance test.|[0113] (1) Preparation of test pieces:|[0114] step 1, wet forming, namely mixing the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent with deionized water, wherein the water-solid ratio is 0.5:1, and forming uniform slurry; |[0115] Step 2, ecological curing, namely injecting the obtained slurry into a die, and curing for 36h under the conditions of 20+/-2 ℃ and 98+/-2% humidity; |[0116] And 3, performing surface alkali control treatment, namely immersing the sample in 1.5wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 18 hours after demolding, thus obtaining the product. |[0117] (2) Compressive strength is tested by referring to GB/T17671-2021 method for testing Cement mortar strength (ISO method);|[0118] seawater resistance test by referring to GB/T749-2008 "cement sulfate resistance test method", the corrosion resistance coefficient after 90 days of immersion (k=post-immersion strength/pre-immersion strength) was tested. |[0119] (3) Experimental results:|[0120] 28d compressive Strength (MPa) 90D seawater erosion resistance (K)Example 143.51.06Example 244.31.11Example 343.91.09Example 444.61.14Example 545.11.16Example 645.01.14Comparative example 137.10.72Comparative example 239.10.75Comparative example 338.30.72Comparative example 443.60.84Comparative example 535.70.69|[0121] In combination with examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-5, and in combination with the above table data, the compressive strength of example 1 was slightly lower than that of ordinary 42.5 Portland cement, but the corrosion resistance coefficient (K=1.06) was much higher than that of cement (K=0.84), indicating that the structure was more stable in a seawater environment, the strength was still increasing, and the corrosion resistance was excellent.|[0122] In comparative example 1, the same amount of unmodified sea shell powder was used instead of modified sea shell powder, and the performance of the modified sea shell powder was significantly reduced compared with that of example 1, which indicates that the compressive strength and seawater erosion resistance of the modified sea shell powder can be improved. Comparative example 5 has the worst performance, which indicates that no effective corrosion-resistant system can be formed without adding seaweed extract, and the synergy of seaweed extract is of great importance.|[0123] In conclusion, the industrial alkali residues and the marine shell wastes are used as main raw materials of the curing agent, the prepared curing agent forms a compact curing body structure, has higher compressive strength and seawater erosion resistance, is obviously superior to that of ordinary Portland cement, has homology with marine environment elements, has a pH value close to that of seawater after the surface is subjected to alkali control treatment, and is beneficial to the attachment and growth of marine organisms.|[0124] The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present application and is not to be construed as limiting the present application, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present application as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present application. | Family Number|(116856117)|116856117|Abstract|(CN121021060 A)|The invention relates to the field of resource recycling and ocean engineering materials , and discloses an alkaline residue - based bionic curing agent , a preparation method thereof and an application of the alkaline residue - based bionic curing agent in ocean ecological restoration . The curing agent comprises industrial alkaline residues , modified marine shell powder , a seaweed extract and a functional additive ; preparing modified ocean shell powder : cleaning , drying and crushing ocean shells , and sieving to obtain shell powder ; mixing the shell powder with citric acid , carrying out stirring reaction in a water bath , and after the reaction is completed , carrying out suction filtration , washing and drying ; the preparation method comprises the following steps : dispersing shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol , uniformly stirring , adjusting the pH value of the solution to 4-5, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent which accounts for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder , carrying out reflux reaction , and after the reaction is finished , carrying out suction filtration , washing and vacuum drying . The curing agent disclosed by the invention can be applied to seabed artificial reefs , coast slope protection ecological restoration and carbon sequestration carriers , can also be applied to scenes such as ocean engineering foundations and the like , and can reduce phenomena such as toppling of ocean power generation buildings caused by silt loss . | | Civil engineering|Materials, metallurgy | C04B-007/02|C04B-012/04|C04B-014/02|C04B-014/02/4|C04B-014/06|C04B-014/06/8|C04B-014/10|C04B-014/18/5|C04B-014/24|C04B-014/28|C04B-014/42|C04B-018/08|C04B-018/10|C04B-018/12|C04B-018/14/1|C04B-020/02/3|C04B-022/00/2|C04B-022/12/4|C04B-022/14/7|C04B-024/12/2|C04B-024/24|C04B-024/26/52|C04B-024/28/1|C04B-028/00|C04B-038/00/74|C04B-2103/302|C04B-2111/24|E02B-003/14|E02D-2300/002|Y02W-030/91 | (GR1) C04B-028/00[RK1]; C04B-014/28[RK2]; C04B-024/38[RK3]; C04B-012/04[RK4]|(GR2) C04B-020/02/3[RK1]; C04B-014/28[RK2] | C04B-007/02|C04B-012/04|C04B-014/02|C04B-014/02/4|C04B-014/06|C04B-014/06/8|C04B-014/10|C04B-014/18/5|C04B-014/24|C04B-014/28|C04B-014/42|C04B-018/08|C04B-018/10|C04B-018/12|C04B-018/14/1|C04B-020/02/3|C04B-022/00/2|C04B-022/12/4|C04B-022/14/7|C04B-024/12/2|C04B-024/24|C04B-024/26/52|C04B-024/28/1|C04B-028/00|C04B-038/00/74|C04B-2103/302|C04B-2111/24|E02B-003/14|E02D-2300/002|Y02W-030/91 | C04B-007/24|C04B-014/28|C04B-020/02|C04B-028/00|C04B-111/24|E02B-003/04|E02B-003/14|E02D-027/52 | C04B-007/24|C04B-014/28|C04B-020/02|C04B-028/00|C04B-111/24|E02B-003/04|E02B-003/14|E02D-027/52 | PENDING | (CN121021060)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN121021060)|ALIVE | (CN121021060)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN121021060|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-09-09|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-09-09|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202511280680|Application date=2025-09-09|Standardized application number=2025CN-1280680|Event publication date=2025-11-28|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN121021060|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-11-28|Standardized publication number=CN121021060|Event publication date=2025-11-28|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-12-16|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN121021060)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKdEaFNoSCKgrFfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=JA4UnxA5evIhGgoW5cdt0ZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN121021060)|CN | (CN121021060)|NAME=SHENZHEN SHIKEYU TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. , COUNTRY=CN | (CN121021060)|NAME=PAN ZHONGGUO;Shenzhen Qianxing Patent Agency (General Partnership) , REG=41045 | (CN121021060)|CN | (CN121021060)|NAME=HU JUN, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=HU JIALIN|NAME=ZHOU LIBIN | Titre: (CN121021060)|Alkali residue-based bionic curing agent and preparation method and marine ecological restoration application thereof Résumé: (CN121021060)|The invention relates to the field of resource recycling and ocean engineering materials, and discloses an alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent, a preparation method thereof and an application of the alkaline residue-based bionic curing agent in ocean ecological restoration. The curing agent comprises industrial alkaline residues, modified marine shell powder, a seaweed extract and a functional additive; preparing modified ocean shell powder: cleaning, drying and crushing ocean shells, and sieving to obtain shell powder; mixing the shell powder with citric acid, carrying out stirring reaction in a water bath, and after the reaction is completed, carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing shell powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 4-5, slowly dropwise adding a silane coupling agent which accounts for 1-3% of the mass of the shell powder, carrying out reflux reaction, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and vacuum drying. The curing agent disclosed by the invention can be applied to seabed artificial reefs, coast slope protection ecological restoration and carbon sequestration carriers, can also be applied to scenes such as ocean engineering foundations and the like, and can reduce phenomena such as toppling of ocean power generation buildings caused by silt loss. | 81.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a curing agent for marine ecological restoration and does not mention iron fertilization or the stimulation of phytoplankton for CO₂ uptake. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN121021060)|1 | (CN121021060)|9 | (CN121021060)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN121021060)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-11-28|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-4802|Number of Pages: NPAGES=9| | (CN121021060)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN121021060)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 85 | US63/504,833P|US18/667,350 | US18/667,350 | US20240402363 | 112394383 | US20240402363 A1 2024-12-05 [US20240402363] | 2023-05-30|2024-05-17 | 2024-05-17 | 2024-12-05 | (US20240402363)|2044-05-17 | (US20240402363)|In-Situ Beta-particle detector for High Resolution 234Th Export Measurements | (US20240402363)|A sea going instrument is used to measure the 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean. The instrumentation can be adapted to multiple sampling platforms with the goal of providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements at multiple locations and depths in the ocean. This proxy of mass flux is used to complement other in situ sensors to provide high resolution data for features such as Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla), accessory pigments, and PIC normalized to mass flux. | UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA | (US20240402363)|UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA ([US]) | SHAW TIMOTHY J|MYRICK MICHAEL L | (US20240402363)|SHAW TIMOTHY J.|MYRICK MICHAEL L. | (US20240402363)|PMTs are typically somewhat more expensive than SiPMs, but their larger areas make them more suited to the area detection needed for scintillations.|Systems like this show great promise in the effort to translate remote sensing-based estimates of atmospheric carbon uptake in the surface ocean to carbon export to the abyss as carbon attenuation (Bishop et al., 2016; Smith et al., 2018; Shaw et al., 2020).|However, dynamic conditions typical of high flux regions do not allow steady state conditions with respect to maintenance of a constant 234 Th inventory, precluding reliable results for single profile site evaluation. Thus, in dynamic systems, the 234 Th/238 U disequilibrium approach is ship time intensive, and results in limited spatial and temporal resolution of changes in particle settling time and carbon remineralization.| | (US20240402363)|1. A method for in-situ high resolution beta-particle detection for measurements of 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean to the ocean floor, comprising: using a scintillation material sensor to sense the beta decay activity occurring at a sensor placed in a location of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the sensor, and detecting the presence of 234Th by discriminating relatively higher beta energy signals from the sensor indicating a measurement of the beta decay of an excited state of its daughter 234m Pa.|22. A measurement system for in-situ high resolution beta-particle detection for measurements of 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean to the ocean floor, comprising: a scintillation material sensor to sense the beta decay activity occurring at a sensor placed in a location of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the sensor; and a photon signal detector, comprising one of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), receiving the responsive beta energy signals, for detecting the presence of 234Th by discriminating relatively higher beta energy signals from the sensor indicating a measurement of the beta decay of an excited state of its daughter 234m Pa.| | (US20240402363)|A sea going instrument is used to measure the 234 Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean.|The present disclosure is generally directed to improvements in sensors and related technology, particularly to development of in-situ beta-particle detectors for high resolution 234 Th export measurements on moored and autonomous sediment traps.| | (US20240402363)|HIGH RESOLUTION(100,21)|MEASUREMENT SYSTEM(100,20)|SEA(100,19)|SEA SURFACE(100,15)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(100,8)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION INDICATOR(100,7)|SETTLING PARTICLE(100,7)|BETA PARTICLE DETECTION(100,6)|SEA FLOOR(100,5)|BETA PARTICLE DETECTOR(100,4)|IN SITU HIGH RESOLUTION(100,4)|EPISODIC FLUX THRESHOLD(89,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON UPTAKE ESTIMATE(82,1)|AUTONOMOUS SEDIMENT TRAP(80,4)|BETA ENERGY SIGNAL(78,17)|MOORED SEDIMENT TRAP(72,3)|SEAGOING INSTRUMENT(70,3)|FLOATING COLLECTION SENSOR(65,2)|SCINTILLATION MATERIAL SENSOR(64,11)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON UPTAKE(64,1)|CARBON REMINERALIZATION(63,1)|PHOTON SIGNAL DETECTOR(62,9)|MOTOR DRIVER SHUTTLE SAMPLE(61,4)|PLANAR SCINTILLATOR(61,3)|FLUX MEASUREMENT(60,5)|SAMPLE COLLECTION SHUTTER(60,4)|SAMPLE PLATFORM(55,4)|EXPORT MEASUREMENT(55,2)|BETA DECAY(51,12)|DAUGHTER EXCITED STATE(51,4)|RESPONSIVE BETA ENERGY SIGNAL(49,7)|TEMPORAL RESOLUTION(48,6)|PHOTON ENERGY DIFFERENTIATION(46,3)|SCINTILLATION(45,4)|CORRELATION MEASURE(43,1)|SHOW GREAT PROMISE(43,1)|SPECTRUM ANALYZER(43,1)|FLUX REGION(42,1)|INVENTORY(42,1)|EMPTY CELL(41,3)|SCINTILLATION GENERATED PHOTON SIGNAL(41,2)|BETA EMISSION(40,5)|CARBON ATTENUATION(40,2)|POLYVINYL TOLUENE(40,1)|SILICON PHOTOMULTIPLIER(36,5)|DISEQUILIBRIUM(36,3)|PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE(35,28)|FAST PREAMPLIFIER(35,3)|MULTICHANNEL PULSE HEIGHT ANALYZER(34,3)|STANDARD EVALUATION(34,3)|STANDARD COUNT(34,2)|DYNAMIC CONDITION(34,1)|MASS FLUX PROXY(33,2)|AREA DETECTION(32,2)|MOVING SAMPLE(29,3)|CM THICK(29,1)|INSTRUMENTATION(27,3)|SAMPLE COUNT(27,2)|ABYSS(26,5)|CHLOROPHYL(26,2)|ASSOCIATE(24,1)|ACCESSORY PIGMENT(22,3)|SURFACE OCEAN MAGNITUDE(22,3)|SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS(22,2)|PULSE COUNTER(21,3)|MULTICHANNEL ANALYZER(19,9)|SINGLE PROFILE(19,1)|EXCITED STATE(18,6)|GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL(18,2)|MOORED SEDIMENT ANALYZER(17,1)|POLYMER BASE(17,1)|RELIABLE RESULT(17,1)|SIGNAL PULSE HEIGHT(17,1)|LARGE AREA(16,2)|REMOTE SENSING(16,2)|BIOGEOCHEMICAL FLUX UPDATE(16,1)|ATMOSPHERIC MUON ATTENUATION(14,1)|PLASTIC SCINTILLATION MATERIAL SENSOR(14,1)|RESULTANT EPISODIC PRODUCTIVITY(14,1)|RUTGERS VAN DER(14,1)|TIME INTENSIVE(14,1)|ULTIMATE BURIAL(13,2)|CLIMATIC OCEAN(12,1)|DIATOM BLOOM(12,1)|HISTOGRAM READOUT(12,1)|ELECTRON ACCELERATION(11,2)|SCINTILLATION MEASUREMENT(11,2)|STEADY STATE(11,2)|AMBIENT SEAWATER MEASUREMENT(11,1)|ANDTHE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM(11,1)|AUTONOMOUS SENSING PLATFORM(11,1)|CONCEPT INSTRUMENT PROOF(11,1)|EXPORT ESTIMATION(11,1)|EXPORT FLUX DURATION(11,1)|GLOBAL STAKEHOLDER(11,1)|INSTRUMENT MOCKUP(11,1)|MUON CONTRIBUTION(11,1)|NOMINAL SEAWATER(11,1)|PARTICLE SETTLING TIME(11,1)|PARTICLE SUBDUCTION(11,1)|PARTICULATE SEDIMENTATION(11,1)|PHYTODETRITUS TRANSPORT(11,1)|RAPID EPISODIC FLUX(11,1)|REMINERALIZATION EVALUATION(11,1)|ONLY AMBIENT SEAWATER(9,4)|ELECTRON AMPLIFIER(9,2)|ELECTRON GAIN(9,2)|ENERGY DISCRIMINATOR(9,2)|LARGE AREA MAKE(9,2)|UPWELLING(9,2)|ANALYTE DECAY(9,1)|AUTONOMOUS PLATFORM(9,1)|AUTONOMOUS TRAP(9,1)|CARBON ATTENUATION ESTIMATION(9,1)|DEEP OCEAN SEDIMENT(9,1)|EPHEMERAL DEPOSITION(9,1)|FLUSHING FUNNEL(9,1)|GLOBAL CARBON EXPORT(9,1)|INSTRUMENT EVALUATION(9,1)|INTERACTION LIFETIME(9,1)|LABORATORY PROTOTYPE(9,1)|LITHO GENIC PHASE(9,1)|MASS FLUX COMPLEMENT PROXY(9,1)|MINIMUM DETECTABLE ANALYTE COUNT(9,1)|MINIMUM DETECTABLE DPM(9,1)|OLIGOTROPHIC SITE(9,1)|PA TARGET ANALYTE(9,1)|PA YIELD SCINTILLATION(9,1)|PB SHIELDING MASS(9,1)|PHOTON PACKET(9,1)|RED PITAYA STEMIAB(9,1)|SCINTILLATION COUNTING(9,1)|SCINTILLATION PLASTIC(9,1)|SCINTILLATION PROBE(9,1)|SCINTILLATOR THICKNESS JUDICIOUS SELECTION(9,1)|SEAWATER LITER(9,1)|SLOW SINKING PARTICLE(9,1)|VALID SAMPLING(9,1)|ARGO FLOAT(8,3)|CARBON FLUX ATTENUATION(8,3)|LITHO GENIC MATERIAL(8,2)|ALTER CARBON EXPORT(8,1)|BETA ATTENUATION(8,1)|CLIMATE VARIABLE(8,1)|DEEP SEA SEDIMENT(8,1)|DEPTH INTEGRATED PARTICLE EXPORT(8,1)|ENHANCED AGGREGATION(8,1)|GLOBAL ESTIMATE(8,1)|HIGH MASS SHIELDING(8,1)|HOUR TIMESCALE(8,1)|INSTRUMENT LAB(8,1)|MAJOR EXPORT(8,1)|MULTICHANNEL ANALYSIS(8,1)|PARTICULATE MATTER REMINERALIZATION(8,1)|PARTICULATE PHASE ANALYTE(8,1)|PULSE HEIGHT DATA INTERPRETATION(8,1)|SAMPLE FLOCCULANT NATURE(8,1)|SAMPLING RESOLUTION(8,1)|SCINTILLATION DETECTION(8,1)|SENSOR PACKET(8,1)|SIPM STORE CHARGE(8,1)|TWILIGHT ZONE(8,1)|PRELIMINARY RESULT(7,5)|GEOMETRY(7,4)|STANDARD OVER(7,3)|ABYSSAL DEPTH(6,4)|CPMMIN(6,2)|DEDICATED BOTTOM MOUNT INSTRUMENT(6,2)|LITERAL LANGUAGE(6,2)|OCEANOGRAPHY(6,2)|PHOTON PULSE INTENSITY(6,2)|QUANTIFICATION(6,2)|SAMPLE CHAMBER(6,2)|STEMLAB(6,2)|AMBIENT RADIONUCLIDE SOURCE(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC COSMIC RAY INTERACTION(6,1)|AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE(6,1)|BETA COLLECTION(6,1)|BETA SENSITIVE SCINTILLATOR(6,1)|BIOGENIC PHASE(6,1)|CARBON FLUX PROXY MEASUREMENT(6,1)|CARBON PROXY(6,1)|CARBON TRANSFER ATTENUATION(6,1)|COLLECT SAMPLE(6,1)|CONVERTER BOARD(6,1)|COUNTING PULSE(6,1)|CRITICAL THRESHOLD(6,1)|CUP VOLUME(6,1)|DPM CALCULATION(6,1)|DYNAMICS(6,1)|EARTH ATMOSPHERE(6,1)|ELJEN(6,1)|EPHEMERAL OCEANOGRAPHIC(6,1)|ESTIMATING ORGANIC CARBON EXPORT(6,1)|EXPORT MASS FLUX MEASUREMENT(6,1)|INSUBSTANTIAL DIFFERENCE(6,1)|KEY GLOBAL WARMING(6,1)|KILOMETER(6,1)|LABORATORY ANALYSIS(6,1)|LABORATORY COMPUTER(6,1)|LABORATORY TESTING(6,1)|MEASURING BETA(6,1)|MESOTROPHIC LOCATION(6,1)|MINIMUM SAMPLE DETECTION(6,1)|MODEL EXPERIMENT(6,1)|MULTICHANNEL PEAK HEIGHT ANALYSIS(6,1)|NONSTEADY(6,1)|OPTIMAL FILTER PARAMETER(6,1)|PEAK COUNT(6,1)|PRIMARY PARAMETER(6,1)|PROPOSED TOOL(6,1)|SAMPLE ACCUMULATION(6,1)|SENSOR PACKAGE(6,1)|SHUTTER DESIGN(6,1)|SIMULATED AMBIENT CONDITION(6,1)|SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGE(6,1)|STANDARD PLANCHETTE(6,1)|SUBMERGED DEPTH(6,1)|TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP(6,1)|TOOLING CONCEPT(6,1)|VARIABLE DURATION(6,1)|CRITICAL COMPONENT(5,3)|PENETRATION DEPTH(5,3)|SIPMS(5,3)|VDC(5,3)|DYNAMIC SYSTEM(5,2)|KNOWLEDGE(5,2)|ABUNDANCE(4,1)|ATMOSPHERIC MUON PRODUCTION(4,1)|BALLASTING(4,1)|BISHOP(4,1)|CALIBRATION(4,1)|CARBON PUMP(4,1)|CHANNEL CONDUCTION(4,1)|CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT(4,1)|CLIMATE CONDITION CHANGE(4,1)|CLIMATIC CONDITION(4,1)|COMPARATOR CIRCUIT(4,1)|CONFIDENCE(4,1)|CONFIRMATION(4,1)|CUTOUT(4,1)|DC VOLTAGE(4,1)|DE LA(4,1)|DEMONSTRATION(4,1)|DEPLOYMENT(4,1)|DEPTH PROFILE(4,1)|DETECTOR FUNNEL ORIENTATION(4,1)|DPMMIN(4,1)|ENERGY FILTER(4,1)| | (US20240402363)|What is claimed is:|1. A method for in-situ high resolution beta-particle detection for measurements of 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean to the ocean floor, comprising:| using a scintillation material sensor to sense the beta decay activity occurring at a sensor placed in a location of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the sensor, and| detecting the presence of 234Th by discriminating relatively higher beta energy signals from the sensor indicating a measurement of the beta decay of an excited state of its daughter 234m Pa.|2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the relatively higher beta energy signals comprise about 2.27 MeV beta emissions.|3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:| the beta energy signals are detected as scintillation generated photon signals; and| detecting and discriminating includes using signal pulse height analysis of a spectrum of beta energy signals generated by the scintillation material, for differentiation of photon energies associated with the 234Th daughter from those comprising ambient background.|4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising using a multichannel pulse height analyzer in place of high mass shielding.|5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the scintillation materials comprise beta-sensitive plastic scintillation materials that are responsive to beta particles in the energy range of about 2.27 MeV.|6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the plastic scintillation materials a planar scintillator comprising a sheet from 1 mm to several cm thick and with an efficiency of at least 10% above the ambient background.|7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the plastic scintillation materials include a polymer base comprising polyvinyl toluene.|8. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting and discriminating includes using a photon signal detector, with the detector comprising one of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM).|9. The method according to claim 8, wherein detecting and discriminating includes using a photon signal detector comprising a photomultiplier tube (PMT) placed directly under the plastic scintillation materials and a sample to be assessed.|10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the output of the PMT is coupled to a fast preamplifier, with the output of the preamplifier directed to one of: (a) a comparator and pulse counter or (b) to a multichannel analyzer, to count pulses while retaining information about their pulse height.|11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising producing a histogram of counts for different pulse heights.|12. The method according to claim 10, further comprising collecting and sorting all the pulses observed from the PMT.|13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising providing a motor-driver shuttle sample system for selectively providing sequential analysis by movement of samples and standards adjacent to the scintillation material sensor.|14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising selectively performing sequential analysis of ambient background counts, sample and background counts, standard counts with ambient background and standard counts over the sample counts.|15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the location of the ocean comprises a selected depth from the ocean surface.|16. The method according to claim 1, further comprising using a plurality of the scintillation material sensors to respectively sense the beta decay activity occurring at sensors placed in a corresponding plurality of locations of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the respective sensors.|17. The method according to claim 16, wherein using a plurality of the scintillation material sensors comprises using at least one of autonomous or moored sediment traps.|18. The method according to claim 1, further comprising using a sample collection shutter system associated with an existing floating collection sensor.|19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the sample collection shutter system includes two shutters respectively controlled to rotate to collect a sample, isolate the sample for counting, position a standard over an associated photon signal detector for standard evaluation, and move an empty cell with only ambient seawater over the photon signal detector for background counting.|20. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adapting the method of associate a plurality of scintillation material sensors to multiple sampling platforms, and providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements recorded at multiple depths in the ocean.|21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising correlating the measurements recorded with the frequency and magnitude of surface ocean features that drive specific episodic flux thresholds.|22. A measurement system for in-situ high resolution beta-particle detection for measurements of 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean to the ocean floor, comprising:| a scintillation material sensor to sense the beta decay activity occurring at a sensor placed in a location of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the sensor; and| a photon signal detector, comprising one of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), receiving the responsive beta energy signals, for detecting the presence of 234Th by discriminating relatively higher beta energy signals from the sensor indicating a measurement of the beta decay of an excited state of its daughter 234m Pa.|23. The measurement system according to claim 22, wherein the relatively higher beta energy signals comprise about 2.27 MeV beta emissions.|24. The measurement system according to claim 22, wherein:| the beta energy signals comprise scintillation generated photon signals; and| the measurement system further comprises a multichannel pulse height analyzer for analyzing a spectrum of beta energy signals generated by the scintillation material, for differentiation of photon energies associated with the 234Th daughter from those comprising ambient background.|25. The measurement system according to claim 22, wherein the scintillation materials comprise beta-sensitive plastic scintillation materials that are responsive to beta particles in the energy range of about 2.27 MeV.|26. The measurement system according to claim 25, wherein the plastic scintillation materials a planar scintillator comprising a sheet about 1 mm thick and with an efficiency of at least 10% above the ambient background.|27. The measurement system according to claim 22, wherein the photon signal detector comprising a photomultiplier tube (PMT) placed directly under the plastic scintillation material sensor and a sample to be assessed.|28. The measurement system according to claim 27, further comprising a motor-driver shuttle sample system for selectively moving samples and standards adjacent the scintillation material sensor.|29. The measurement system according to claim 22, further comprising a plurality of the measurement systems to respectively sense the beta decay activity occurring at sensors placed in a corresponding plurality of locations of the ocean to be assessed.|30. The measurement system according to claim 29, wherein the plurality of measurement systems respectively are associated with one of an autonomous sediment trap or a moored sediment trap.|31. The measurement system according to claim 30, wherein the plurality of measurement systems are respectively associated with a plurality of existing floating collection sensors.|32. The measurement system according to claim 28, wherein the motor-driver shuttle sample system includes two shutters respectively controlled to rotate to collect a sample, isolate the sample for counting, position a standard over an associated photon signal detector for standard evaluation, and move an empty cell with only ambient seawater over the photon signal detector for background counting.|33. The measurement system according to claim 29, wherein the plurality of measurement systems are each configured with a respective motor-driver shuttle sample system for selectively moving samples and standards adjacent its associated scintillation material sensor for recording and providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements recorded at multiple depths in the ocean.|34. The measurement system according to claim 33, wherein the plurality of measurement systems are each configured for correlating measurements recorded with the frequency and magnitude of surface ocean features that drive specific episodic flux thresholds. | (US20240402363)|PRIORITY CLAIM|[0001] The present application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/504,833, titled In-Situ Beta-Particle Detector For High Resolution 234Th Export Measurements, filed May 30, 2023, and which is fully incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.|(US20240402363)|BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENTLY DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER|[0002] Presently disclosed subject matter generally relates to high resolution beta-particle detectors, and more particularly to development of in-situ beta-particle detectors for high resolution 234Th (Thorium-234) export based mass flux measurements on moored and autonomous sediment traps, such as comprising instruments used in oceanography and limnology to measure the quantity of sinking particulate material in aquatic systems, primarily oceans. In some presently disclosed embodiments, a sea going instrument may be used to measure the 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean.|[0003] It is believed there are currently no available technologies that can measure 234Th on sedimenting particulates in-situ in the ocean water column at activities relevant to ongoing climate change research.|[0004] Global estimates of the transport of phytodetritus to the deep ocean as Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) flux put an upper limit of the impact of the “Carbon Pump” to the deep ocean on the order of 5-15% of global carbon export (Laws et al., 2000; Giering et al., 2014). However, changing climate conditions have led to increased intensity and variability of factors that mediate POC flux, particularly in dynamic coastal systems (Smith et al., 2013; 2018). The resultant episodic productivity events associated with transient physical processes are becoming more significant in their contribution to the net transfer of organic carbon from the upper ocean to abyssal depths (Henson et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2013; 2018, Stukel et al., 2017). Ephemeral oceanographic processes like upwelling events, fronts, eddies and filaments lead to productivity events that export particulate carbon out of surface waters as pulses of highly variable duration (Smith et al., 2018; Bishop et al., 2016).|[0005] An important factor affecting the efficiency of carbon export to the deep ocean during these events is the particle transit time (Shaw et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2018). The physical dynamics of these systems can enhance both primary production as well as vertical transport of particulate phases by processes such as direct subduction of particles and enhanced aggregation.|[0006] The organic material carried with rapidly sinking particles is less susceptible to carbon flux attenuation at mid depths and results in observed periods of high carbon-export efficiency to the abyss (Baldwin et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 1998; Buesseler 1998, Riley et al, 2012; Smith et al., 2018). For example, Buesseler and Boyd (2009) found lower attenuation of surface carbon export through the “twilight zone” following diatom bloom events in a mesotrophic location (K2) compared to an oligotrophic site (Aloha).|[0007] Current methods for estimation of carbon attenuation (e.g. Martin fit versus remineralization length scale) have relatively low sensitivity for short timescale events and are susceptible to location bias (Buesseler and Boyd 2009; de Melo Viríssimo et al., 2022). Remineralization with depth is a key term in global biogeochemical models, and spatiotemporal changes in this term have been shown in model experiments to alter the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 (Kwon et al. 2009). A number of critical factors that affect sinking velocity, and hence carbon flux attenuation, are magnified in association with short timescale physical processes in surface waters (Alldredge et al., 1995; Passow and de la Rocha, 2006; Armstrong et al., 2009). Factors such as aggregation of POC phases and ballasting by biogenic and/or lithogenic phases are consistent with observed episodic flux events (Baldwin et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 1998; Buesseler et al., 1998). These important but ephemeral depositions to the abyss have been shown to occur seasonally and inter-annually over periods of days or weeks at magnitudes equal to or greater than monthly or even annual fluxes at other times. The temporal relationship between dynamic surface processes and their contribution to the net POC flux at abyssal depths requires sampling resolution on timescales of hours to days (Bishop et al., 2016; Stukel et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2018).|[0008] Carbon Flux Proxy Measurements: Shipboard based depth integrated particle export and remineralization for POC, PIC, nutrient and biogenic phases are often measured using the 234Th/238U disequilibrium method (Rutgers van der Loeff et al., 2006; Waples et al., 2003, Buesseler and Boyd 2009). This approach requires a depth profile of 234Th and 238U activities coupled with particulate phase analyte to 234Th ratios (e.g. POC/234Th, PIC/234Th, Nut/234Th) from one or more depths. In open ocean systems, the timescales of processes that alter carbon export are long with respect to the half-life of 234Th and the systems can be treated as steady state. In systems where carbon export is perturbed by a short timescale process, a non-steady state approach is necessary (e.g. after Savoye et al. 2006; Resplandy et al. 2012; Buesseler et al., 2020).|[0009] As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of short timescale processes, the steady state assumption for carbon export may not be valid and repeated sampling of 234Th and 238U profiles is necessary (Savoye et al., 2006). In dynamic systems where a significant fraction of primary productivity results from processes such as upwelling events and eddies that occur on short timescales (Chenillat et al., 2015), the sampling frequency necessary to capture these important events requires intensive ship operations (Buesseler et al., 2020).|[0010] As an alternative to ship time intensive efforts, high resolution in-situ systems like the upper water column Carbon Flux Explorer (CFE, Bishop 2009) and the deep ocean Sediment Event Sensor (SES McGill et al. 2016) have been developed. Systems like this show great promise in the effort to translate remote sensing-based estimates of atmospheric carbon uptake in the surface ocean to carbon export to the abyss as carbon attenuation (Bishop et al., 2016; Smith et al., 2018; Shaw et al., 2020). The presently disclosed subject matter describes the development of an in-situ instrument to measure mass flux, as 234Th export, to complement the types of high-resolution sensors cited above.|SUMMARY OF THE PRESENTLY DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER|[0011] Aspects and advantages of the presently disclosed subject matter will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be apparent from the description, or may be learned through practice of the presently disclosed subject matter.|[0012] Broadly speaking, the presently disclosed subject matter relates to a presently disclosed sea going instrument which is used to measure the 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean.|[0013] Still further, presently disclosed subject matter in part may relate to improvement in the state of the art for sensors.|[0014] The market for presently disclosed technology (to enable real time monitoring of particle settling in the ocean as mass flux) is based on the thousands of Argos buoyancy engines housing in-situ sensors presently deployed in the oceans to monitor a variety of properties. The presently disclosed technology could be part of the sensor packet on Argos floats to measure mass flux from the surface oceans around the globe. It could also be used on long term moored sediment trap systems.|[0015] The presently disclosed technology could support a global network of sensors designed to map factors critical to the evaluation of the impacts of climate change. The specific data generated by this instrument could be critical to the quantification and mapping of carbon sequestration as carbon dioxide transfer from the atmosphere as biogenic material and ultimate burial in the deep ocean. Current methods for measuring 234Th based mass and carbon flux require extensive use of research vessels and many work hours of research effort. As an add on sensor to in-situ sensor packages, the costs per measurement would fall dramatically.|[0016] As a further example, the presently disclosed technology can be adapted to multiple sampling platforms with the goal of providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements at multiple locations and depths in the ocean. This proxy of mass flux will complement other in situ sensors to provide high resolution data for features such as Chla, accessory pigments, and PIC normalized to mass flux. Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) is recognized as an essential climate variable and is one of the primary parameters of ocean-color satellite products.|[0017] Thus, the presently disclosed subject matter has the potential for significant impact in the field of sensors.|[0018] One presently disclosed exemplary embodiment relates to a method for in-situ high resolution beta-particle detection for measurements of 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean to the ocean floor. Such method preferably comprises using a scintillation material sensor to sense the beta decay activity occurring at a sensor placed in a location of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the sensor, and detecting the presence of 234Th by discriminating relatively higher beta energy signals from the sensor indicating a measurement of the beta decay of an excited state of its daughter 234m Pa.|[0019] It is to be understood from the complete disclosure herewith that the presently disclosed subject matter equally relates to both method and corresponding and related apparatus and/or systems.|[0020] One presently disclosed exemplary system preferably relates to a measurement system for in-situ high resolution beta-particle detection for measurements of 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean to the ocean floor. Such system preferably comprises a scintillation material sensor to sense the beta decay activity occurring at a sensor placed in a location of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the sensor; and a photon signal detector, comprising one of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), receiving the responsive beta energy signals, for detecting the presence of 234Th by discriminating relatively higher beta energy signals from the sensor indicating a measurement of the beta decay of an excited state of its daughter 234m Pa.|[0021] Other example aspects of the present disclosure are directed to systems, apparatus, tangible, non-transitory computer-readable media, user interfaces, memory devices, and electronic smart devices or the like. To implement methodology and technology herewith, one or more processors may be provided, programmed to perform the steps and functions as called for by the presently disclosed subject matter, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.|[0022] Additional objects and advantages of the presently disclosed subject matter are set forth in, or will be apparent to, those of ordinary skill in the art from the detailed description herein. Also, it should be further appreciated that modifications and variations to the specifically illustrated, referred and discussed features, elements, and steps hereof may be practiced in various embodiments, uses, and practices of the presently disclosed subject matter without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter. Variations may include, but are not limited to, substitution of equivalent means, features, or steps for those illustrated, referenced, or discussed, and the functional, operational, or positional reversal of various parts, features, steps, or the like.|[0023] Still further, it is to be understood that different embodiments, as well as different presently preferred embodiments, of the presently disclosed subject matter may include various combinations or configurations of presently disclosed features, steps, or elements, or their equivalents (including combinations of features, parts, or steps or configurations thereof not expressly shown in the Figures or stated in the detailed description of such Figures). Additional embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, not necessarily expressed in the summarized section, may include and incorporate various combinations of aspects of features, components, or steps referenced in the summarized objects above, and/or other features, components, or steps as otherwise discussed in this application. Those of ordinary skill in the art will better appreciate the features and aspects of such embodiments, and others, upon review of the remainder of the specification, and will appreciate that the presently disclosed subject matter applies equally to corresponding methodologies as associated with practice of any of the present exemplary devices, and vice versa.|(US20240402363)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES|[0024] A full and enabling disclosure of the presently disclosed subject matter, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended Figures, in which:|[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a Table of exemplary data from practice of the presently disclosed technology, and providing calculated disintegrations per minute (dpm);|[0026] FIG. 2 graphically illustrates preliminary results for a prototype of the presently disclosed instrument lab measured without shielding at sea level, compared to a Germanium Well Gamma measurement;|[0027] FIG. 3(a) illustrates a conceptual design for an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed instrument (sensor);|[0028] FIG. 3(b) illustrates a side view of the sample collection shutters of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3(a); and|[0029] FIG. 3(c) illustrates a mockup of the exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed instrument (sensor) of FIG. 3(a) on an Argo float.|(US20240402363)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0030] Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements or steps of the presently disclosed subject matter.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER|[0031] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the disclosed subject matter. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the presently disclosed subject matter, not limitation of the presently disclosed subject matter. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the presently disclosed subject matter without departing from the scope or spirit of the presently disclosed subject matter. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the presently disclosed subject matter covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.|[0032] The present disclosure is generally directed to improvements in sensors and related technology, particularly to development of in-situ beta-particle detectors for high resolution 234Th export measurements on moored and autonomous sediment traps. Such sediment traps may comprise such as instruments used in oceanography, for measuring the quantity of sinking particulate organic material in marine systems. Examples of such systems would broadly encompass a variety of types, including for example oceans and inland saline water bodies.|[0033] One example of a presently disclosed device is an in-situ sensor system for the measurement of 234Th export for deployment under a range of ocean conditions. The activity of 234Th can be measured via the decay of an excited state of its short-lived daughter 234m Pa (half-life 1.17 minutes). Approximately 98% of 234Th decays produce the excited state of 234 Pa called 234m Pa that provides the signal to be measured. The 234m Pa decays to the ground state, 234U. Beta decay produces a spectrum of energies with 234m Pa strongly skewed toward the upper energy range, with nearly all of these decays having a beta energy of 2.27 MeV (Chu et al., 1999). Such an exemplary device can be based on photon detection from a beta-sensitive plastic scintillator material. The 2.27 MeV beta emission from 234m Pa is much higher energy than the beta emission for the 234Th parent (˜0.1-0.2 MeV from Chu et al., 1999). Preliminary data indicates that 234m Pa yields scintillations that can be detected and discriminated from background by their energy distribution, even under high background conditions at sea level (see preliminary results below). A multichannel pulse height analyzer can effectively replace high mass shielding by allowing the differentiation of the photon energies associated with the 234Th daughter and those from ambient background. The presently disclosed instrument has four critical components: The scintillation material; the scintillation detector; the background evaluation/correction system; and the standard/sample shuttle system.|[0034] Such an exemplary instrument can detect the 234Th activity in sedimenting material as scintillations generated by beta particles ejected during the decay of 234m Pa, a short-lived daughter isotope of 234Th. In order to quantify the 234Th activity, scintillations generated by the beta particles of interest must be identified as different from background beta sources. Several companies make scintillation plastics that are responsive to beta particles in the energy range of our analyte (2.27 MeV for 234 Pa). Our initial studies used scintillator material EJ-204 (Eljen Technology, Texas) in a planar configuration, although other beta-sensitive scintillators and configurations could also work. Plastic scintillation material is attractive because it can be machined or cast into varying shapes to optimize geometries for beta collection. For example, EJ-200 can be obtained as a casting resin and has a photon response similar to EJ-204. Our initial studies evaluated several thicknesses for the material and found significant intensity variations as a function of thickness and geometry with respect to the sample holder. The system was optimized for a 1 mm thick scintillator sheet with an efficiency of 12% (see the table of FIG. 1).|[0035] The detector used for our initial proof of concept instrument is an off the shelf, ORTEC photomultiplier tube (PMT) and base placed directly under the scintillator and sample. However, detectors for an in-situ system can be further optimized for size, sensitivity and power consumption. The two main detector types used for scintillation measurements are photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). PMTs are electron amplifiers starting with a low-work-function photocathode and passing through 10-12 or more stages of electron acceleration and secondary electron emission. Each detected photon results in a single electron emitted from the photocathode and 105-109 electron gain before reaching the anode. PMTs suited to use with scintillators have relatively low dark current when operated at room temperature, high gain, fast (e.g., ns) and uniform response, and are coupled to fast preamplifiers. The output of these preamplifiers in some embodiments can be directed to a comparator and pulse counter or can be directed to a multichannel analyzer to count pulses while retaining information about their pulse height. PMTs are typically somewhat more expensive than SiPMs, but their larger areas make them more suited to the area detection needed for scintillations. This type of detector would be appropriate for the dedicated bottom mount instrument.|[0036] The most critical component of this system is the background evaluation and correction system that, together with atmospheric muon attenuation provided by the water column, will take the place of the mass of Pb shielding normally used to make these types of measurements on board a ship and/or in the laboratory. Atmospheric muons are generated from the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere, and their interaction with matter to produce beta particles with a range of energies is the most variable source of background. These muons can penetrate through several kilometers of ocean water column, but only the most energetic penetrate beyond 10 meters in depth (Tanaka 2020). Atmospheric muon production can vary on short timescales as a function of atmospheric temperature and pressure. For our “proof of concept” instrument, the photons generated by the selected scintillation material were binned by energy and the background spectra were evaluated against that generated by a suite of standards (see FIG. 2). The energy range with the best signal to background spectra was selected manually for the analysis. A high and low pass filter system was applied to the signal to yield the results in FIG. 2. While the lower energy spectrum of these muons will be attenuated with depth in the ocean, it will be necessary to evaluate this and all other sources of ambient background and select the optimum filter parameters automatically at regular intervals during operation. The implementation of this “learning” filter system will be discussed in greater detail later in the presently disclosed subject matter.|[0037] For laboratory testing, the analog output of the PMT (or SiPM) can be directed to a multichannel analyzer (MCA) to produce a histogram of counts for different pulse heights. Some manufacturers provide PMT bases that include these MCAs, and often they include proprietary software to communicate between a laboratory computer and the MCA. One exemplary embodiment is to use a Red Pitaya STEMIab 125-14 board to perform this task. The STEMlab 125-14 board includes two RF analog to digital inputs operating at 125 MS/s with 14 bits of resolution.|[0038] These boards are designed with Xilinx field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology that allows them to be reconfigured to serve as different types of instruments. Although the hardware for these boards is not open-source, the software and development system are, and there already exists a distribution on GitHub for converting the board into a 2-channel MCA. We have downloaded and tested this software in our laboratory with the conventional scintillator/PMT system, developed an electronic circuit to simulate beta particle detection events, and shown we have nearly unit efficiency at detecting these pulses. The power consumption of these boards operating as MCAs was found to be 5 W. Although this is a relatively low power consumption, we can use the knowledge gained from laboratory analysis to build a data system for the PMT/SiPM detectors that operates with a fraction of this power in the field and that doesn't require the Red Pitaya board to be active at all times.|[0039] In a laboratory testing embodiment, the STEMlab 125-14 can perform the high speed task of collecting and sorting all the pulses observed from a PMT or SiPM (with an appropriate change of time scale and selection of appropriate input gain). The readout of the histograms and interpretation of pulse height data can be done rapidly on a desktop computer for the purpose of selecting the threshold for or range of pulse heights that best differentiate our target analyte(s) from background. After applied voltage and threshold levels are determined, a data analysis system may be constructed using one or more comparator circuits that apply critical thresholds for pulse counting, enabling a very low power pulse counter that has optimal selectivity for our analyte.|[0040] The final component of the system for exemplary embodiments is the shuttle system for moving the sample and standards with respect to a fixed photon detector that will be housed in a pressure case. A simple rack and pinion configuration is one example embodiment. Per such exemplary embodiment, a stepper motor coupled to pinioned circular bottom shutter is used to collect samples for counting; move the samples from the detector stage to allow for standard measurement, background measurement and collection surface cleaning. A similar upper “shutter” can be configured to move a standard in position above the detector for calibration and optimization of signal to background (see FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c)). In exemplary embodiments, once the components are optimized to measure the betas of interest, the assembled system can be tested and evaluated for further optimization.|[0041] Rationale for instrument development. Evaluation of the factors that affect the attenuation of carbon transfer from the upper ocean to the deep sea are critical in predicting changes in global carbon budgets with changing climatic conditions. One critical factor is the rate of particulate transfer from the surface ocean to abyssal depths, as mass flux. Methods for the measurement of carbon transfer efficiency between surface and deep waters in dynamic open ocean and coastal systems require high resolution to capture major export events (Buesseler et al., 2008; Bishop et al., 2016; Stukel et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2018; Buesseler et al., 2020). Variations in climatic and upper ocean conditions are linearly linked to carbon cycling and ultimate burial in deep sea sediment. As these processes become more variable and extreme with changing climate conditions, high-resolution measures of their impact on carbon export are necessary. The 234Th/238U disequilibrium approach to estimation of the export of 234Th is currently an important proxy for estimating organic carbon export from the upper ocean. However, dynamic conditions typical of high flux regions do not allow steady state conditions with respect to maintenance of a constant 234Th inventory, precluding reliable results for single profile site evaluation. Thus, in dynamic systems, the 234Th/238U disequilibrium approach is ship time intensive, and results in limited spatial and temporal resolution of changes in particle settling time and carbon remineralization. The evaluation of remineralization rates with depth, as carbon flux attenuation, is a key term in global biogeochemical models. It is therefore very likely to be a key global warming feedback mechanism.|[0042] The instrument exemplary embodiment disclosed here supports autonomous monitoring of mass flux, as 234Th export, and could return high resolution data elucidating the frequency, intensity and duration of export fluxes and remineralization of particulate matter at multiple depths. The high-resolution sampling from autonomous platforms (e.g., moored and Lagrangian sediment traps (LST), and moored sediment analyzers, (SES)), coupled with in-situ measurement of carbon proxies (e.g. fluorescence) enables an unprecedented ability to temporally link high resolution remote sensing products to high resolution deep sea moored and autonomous sensing platforms. The development of this instrument provides the capacity to collect data and knowledge necessary for updates of biogeochemical flux models like those used by regional to global stakeholders like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.|Preliminary Results|Sensitivity and Resolution for the Presently Disclosed System|[0043] One primary value of the presently disclosed device is to increase the resolution for the measurement of mass flux through the water column via the proxy 234Th using both autonomous and moored sediment traps. The limit for sampling resolution is a function of the efficiency of our detector system, the capacity to resolve the ambient background and the sediment trap opening (as particle collection area). The two sample collection modes considered here are an autonomous sediment trap such as an LST or ARGO float with a small collection area (e.g. ˜0.10 m2 after Sherman et al., 2011) and a moored system like the SES (e.g. ˜0.50 m2 after McGill et al., 2016). The current “proof of concept” instrument using a planar scintillator with no shielding has an efficiency of >10% above background (see FIG. 2). This geometry reflects a worst-case scenario.|[0044] Based on our current system, it is possible to measure the minimum detectable activity of a sample for different possible background counts. The background for the laboratory prototype for the selected energy range is ˜150 counts per minute (cpm). This means that the purpose of determining a detection limit as a function of counting time (resolution), the counts are sufficient to approach a Gaussian distribution (Blue et al., 1987).|[0045] Based on equation 1 (below) adapted from Blue et al., (1987), for a background of 150 cpm and a measurement of 8 hours duration the minimum detectable analyte counts above background would be 1.3 cpm for an a of 0.05 (95% confidence). Based on a conservative counter efficiency of 10%, the minimum detectable sample activity would be 13 dpm. For comparison, if the background in-situ is primarily associated with 40K (estimated at ˜12 dpm in an exemplary sample volume) and the muon contribution is of similar magnitude (25 cpm tot), the minimum detectable activity for a sample would be 5 dpm.|[0046] Where: cpmmin is the minimum total analyte counts (in the presence of background) that can be detected per minute, No is the total background counts per minute, z is the number of standard deviations that we want the signal and background separated (from Blue et al., 1987), and t is the sampling time in minutes.|[0047] The minimum detectable decays per minute (dpmmin) is given by the cpmmin divided by the detector efficiency (10% in this case), per Eq. 2:|[0048] The table of FIG. 1 provides calculated dpmmin with the presently disclosed system at sea level background levels and at an expected maximum background at depths below 100 meters. These are converted to dpm m−2 d−1 for an 8 hour collection for a large trap configuration (as an SES 0.5 m2) and an autonomous trap (as an LST 0.1 m2). Even under worst case conditions, the range of measured 234Th export exceeds the minimum detectable dpm for the prototype system.|[0049] Based on the calculations above and the comparison to field measurements, the current prototype detects 234Th fluxes at the low end of the measured range for both small and large trap configurations at high resolution (short sampling windows).|[0050] FIG. 2 graphically represents preliminary results for the prototype (presently disclosed) instrument measured without shielding at sea level in our laboratory compared to a Germanium Well Gamma measurement.|Additional Aspects|[0051] The following additional aspects may be evaluated based on instrument design, evaluation and demonstration described below.|Scintillation Materials and Sensitivity for Beta Counting:|[0052] Depending on application, the proposed instrument will utilize a variety of solid scintillation materials that are now available that show specificity for the detection of beta particles in the energy range consistent with the decay of 234Th and its short-lived daughter 234m Pa. At the earth's surface, cosmic radiation interacts with ambient molecules (including detector materials) to generate significant background for any beta measurements and requires significant shielding and/or very selective background correction. The attenuation of these high energy particles with depth in the ocean reduces the need for shielding for in-situ measurement (Formaggio and Martoff, 2004; C. J. Martoff pers. Comm.). Thus, the preliminary results presented above reflect a worst-case condition with respect to muon generated background. The most significant source of ambient radionuclide background beta emissions in the ocean is the decay of 40K which emits a beta particle of 1.45 MeV with ˜80% probability. While 40K is ubiquitous, the background for small sample volumes is minimal (<5 dpm for a 4 cm diameter x 1 cm deep sample cell, see presently disclosed design section below) due to the short penetration distance of the beta emissions and low overall 40K activity.|[0053] The interaction of individual beta particles with plastic scintillator material yields a packet of photons whose intensity (as number) is proportional to the lifetime of the interaction. Thus, because beta attenuation in any material is a function of energy, the intensity of the photon pulse is proportional to the energy of the beta. This energy distribution allowed the selection of an energy “window” where the beta signals of interest could be differentiated from ambient background in an unshielded system at sea level (see results discussed herein). The sources of background that can contribute to background within the water column are environmental radioactivity (e.g., U and Th decay series from lithogenic material, 40K decay), impurities in apparatus (mostly the same nuclides), and the showers of elementary particles produced by interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth's atmosphere (Heusser, 1995). Preliminary results suggest that photon energy spectrum data collected in-situ can be used to select an appropriate energy “window” for sampling locations and depths in the ocean.|[0054] Two different exemplary embodiment of systems can be based on different detector types (PMT and geometries (see discussion of H2 below). Both exemplary systems have the capacity to be isolated from surrounding seawater by a shutter system (see discussion of H5 below) to reduce the 40K contribution to the background. The sample can be collected in an exemplary trap with a specially designed shutter cup with a depth of ˜3 cm to account for the flocculant nature of the sample, but well within the penetration depth of the 2.27 MeV beta particles generated by the 234m Pa target analyte. The diameter of the exemplary cup can be ˜4 cm yielding a volume of ˜12 mL. The exemplary low volume cup will ensure that any contribution of the 40K beta particles is very low with respect to the 234m Pa signal.|Detector Selection:|[0055] Depending on application, one of two detector types will be used for scintillation measurements, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). PMTs are electron amplifiers starting with a low work-function photocathode and passing through 10-12 or more stages of electron acceleration and secondary electron emission. Each detected photon results in a single electron emitted from the photocathode and 105-109 electron gain before reaching the anode. PMTs suited to use with scintillators have relatively low dark current when operated at room temperature, high gain, fast (e.g., ns) and uniform response, and are coupled to fast preamplifiers. The output of these preamplifiers in some embodiments may be directed to a comparator and pulse counter or can be directed to a multichannel analyzer to count pulses while retaining information about their strength. PMTs are typically somewhat more expensive than SiPMs, but their larger areas make them more suited to the area detection needed for scintillations. This type of detector would be appropriate for the dedicated bottom mount instrument.|[0056] SiPMs are a variation of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in Geiger mode. The elements of a SiPM store charge and experience a breakdown when a photon is absorbed to create a conductive channel. This leads to many electrons passing through the element before the current flow shuts down. These detectors are often produced in the form of many individual pixels that are operated as a unit rather than as individual detection elements. These typically have smaller areas than PMTs and also respond more slowly but are insensitive to magnetic fields. SiPMs are common choices for handheld or portable applications and will be evaluated in conjunction with light guide materials to allow versatility in detector/funnel orientation.|[0057] Both PMTs and SiPMs require high operating voltages, with PMTs requiring ˜1000 VDC and SiPMs requiring ˜200 VDC. In each case, there exist high voltage power units that upconvert low DC voltages efficiently. Exemplary embodiments for testing may include one PMT type and one SiPM type made by Hamamatsu for our scintillator application. The specific exemplary PMT for one such embodiment is the Hamamatsu C139530-01 scintillation probe, which operates on ±5 VDC with nominally 100 mA of current (0.5 W power consumption). This unit has a relatively small (for a PMT) circular active area with a diameter of 12 mm. Although this unit comes with a thin (0.5 mm) built-in plastic scintillator material and the detection circuit provides a comparator and 5 V output pulses, in some presently disclosed embodiments, we can replace the scintillator with our own somewhat thicker plastic scintillator and modify the circuitry to provide an analog output for multichannel analysis.|Real Time Particle Detection with Background Correction:|[0058] The scintillation detection system will be optimized to distinguish “counts” due to analyte decay from background counts as a function of ambient background as a function of measurement location (i.e. depth in the water column). The energy and penetration depth of 40K beta decay products are lower than those of the analyte, so the relative attenuation of the 234m Pa and the 40K betas in the scintillator should provide a discernable difference in photon pulse intensity that can be mitigated with the presently disclosed energy discriminator. Residual high energy muons have very great penetration depths and their average energy and number density will vary with submerged depth. For some presently disclosed embodiments, their interaction with the scintillator material will generate betas with higher energies, but their occurrence should diminish with depth in the water column. From a surface intensity of ˜10−2/cm2-s, muon flux falls to about 10−4/cm2-s at a depth of 100 meters (Heusser, 1995). The natural activity of potassium is about 31000 Bq/kg for pure potassium, so at a nominal seawater concentration of ˜380 mg/L, a practitioner of presently disclosed subject matter would expect to observe ˜12 Bq in a liter of seawater or on the order of 26 DPM for the exemplary cup volume disclosed. This reflects a very low background with respect to the expected sample activity and would produce minimum error once subtracted. Further, the energy discriminator (based on multichannel peak-height analysis) for some presently disclosed embodiments will reduce the potential background from the lower energy 40K beta particles and the high energy muon produced beta particles. This likely provides a route to distinguish target scintillation counts from background by judicious selection of scintillator thickness combined with one or two thresholding levels for peak counting. A much lower potential background contribution occurs from the small amount of lithogenic material collected based on the short collection times.|Shutter System for Sample Count Collection, Standardization and Background Correction:|[0059] The presently disclosed instrument will for some exemplary embodiments make two short duration higher power (5 W) measurements using the multichannel analyzer described above to “train” the energy filter system prior to the longer duration lower power sample measurement. A measurement of background with only ambient seawater in the sample chamber may be compared with a second measurement of ambient seawater and a planchette loaded with a 238U standard to supply activity of its daughter, 234Th. These two measurements allow optimization of the signal to background ratio by selection of the optimized “energy” window for that sampling depth so that longer duration measurements at lower power can be recorded.|[0060] Following sample accumulation in the sample chamber, the sample counts may be collected for the energy window determined in modes 1 and 2 until a statistically significant total count is collected. Then the standard planchette is again rotated into position above the chamber containing the sample. This allows the evaluation of self-absorption of sample derived beta particles.|[0061] FIG. 3(a) is a conceptual design for the overall instrument, FIG. 3(b) is a side view of the sample collection shutters, and FIG. 3(c) is a mockup of the instrument on a Argo float. For example, the two shutters may be rotated to: collect sample; isolate the sample from the funnel for counting; place the standard over the PMT for standard evaluation; and move an empty cell with only ambient seawater over the PMT for background counting. The cutouts allow for flushing the funnel.|Optimization of the Prototype Instrument.|[0062] Once a detection system is submerged below 10 meters, the contributions from lower energy muons diminish leaving primarily residual high energy muons (>30 GeV) from atmospheric cosmic ray interactions. There is a depth independent background from 40K that decays producing a beta particle with an energy of 1.31 MeV that can be minimized for a small volume sample. The resultant measurements at 10 meters depth will represent a “worst case” in-situ scenario as the contribution from high energy muons will diminish with depth in the water column. Tank tests provide an opportunity to complete evaluation of each instrument system under simulated ambient conditions.|[0063] The subject matter outlined above for some embodiments results in instrumentation that can be adapted to multiple sampling platforms with the goal of providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements at multiple depths. This proxy of mass flux complements other in-situ sensors to provide high resolution data for features such as Chlorophyll a, accessory pigments, and PIC normalized to mass flux. These data in turn can be correlated by the user to the frequency and magnitude of surface ocean features that drive specific episodic flux thresholds. The long-term application of the presently disclosed instrumentation enables identification of specific driver(s) of changes in carbon export and attenuation over time, testable improved methods of POC quantification through proxy ratios to mass flux, and confirmation of mechanistic underpinning to how variation in surface features translates to efficiency of carbon export to the abyss. This presently disclosed instrumentation supports analysis of an extraordinary range of factors to be systematically considered including when and how episodic POC transfers to the abyss relate to specific surface ocean features, temperature, export flux, ballasting, the abundance and size distribution of fast and slow sinking particles.|[0064] Global warming is now a well-documented phenomenon that is influencing every aspect of the world, from increased storm intensity to melting of polar ice sheets and rising sea level. Understanding the impact of such changes on climate and on drivers of surface ocean productivity and carbon export will require high resolution process studies. In-situ sensors will be critical components of these necessary future process studies. The presently disclosed subject matter will help validate models of carbon export from the surface ocean, including rapid episodic fluxes, remineralization at abyssal depths and sequestration on the sea floor.|[0065] Variations on this sensor not described here could be suited to other analytes, including some targeted at laboratory or commercial uses (e.g., Radon, potassium, 14C, etc.).|[0066] This written description uses examples to disclose the presently disclosed subject matter, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the presently disclosed subject matter, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the presently disclosed subject matter is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural and/or step elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural and/or elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims. | (US20240402363)|PRIORITY CLAIM|[0001] The present application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/504,833, titled In-Situ Beta-Particle Detector For High Resolution 234Th Export Measurements, filed May 30, 2023, and which is fully incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.|(US20240402363)|BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENTLY DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER|[0002] Presently disclosed subject matter generally relates to high resolution beta-particle detectors, and more particularly to development of in-situ beta-particle detectors for high resolution 234Th (Thorium-234) export based mass flux measurements on moored and autonomous sediment traps, such as comprising instruments used in oceanography and limnology to measure the quantity of sinking particulate material in aquatic systems, primarily oceans. In some presently disclosed embodiments, a sea going instrument may be used to measure the 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean.|[0003] It is believed there are currently no available technologies that can measure 234Th on sedimenting particulates in-situ in the ocean water column at activities relevant to ongoing climate change research.|[0004] Global estimates of the transport of phytodetritus to the deep ocean as Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) flux put an upper limit of the impact of the “Carbon Pump” to the deep ocean on the order of 5-15% of global carbon export (Laws et al., 2000; Giering et al., 2014). However, changing climate conditions have led to increased intensity and variability of factors that mediate POC flux, particularly in dynamic coastal systems (Smith et al., 2013; 2018). The resultant episodic productivity events associated with transient physical processes are becoming more significant in their contribution to the net transfer of organic carbon from the upper ocean to abyssal depths (Henson et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2013; 2018, Stukel et al., 2017). Ephemeral oceanographic processes like upwelling events, fronts, eddies and filaments lead to productivity events that export particulate carbon out of surface waters as pulses of highly variable duration (Smith et al., 2018; Bishop et al., 2016).|[0005] An important factor affecting the efficiency of carbon export to the deep ocean during these events is the particle transit time (Shaw et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2018). The physical dynamics of these systems can enhance both primary production as well as vertical transport of particulate phases by processes such as direct subduction of particles and enhanced aggregation.|[0006] The organic material carried with rapidly sinking particles is less susceptible to carbon flux attenuation at mid depths and results in observed periods of high carbon-export efficiency to the abyss (Baldwin et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 1998; Buesseler 1998, Riley et al, 2012; Smith et al., 2018). For example, Buesseler and Boyd (2009) found lower attenuation of surface carbon export through the “twilight zone” following diatom bloom events in a mesotrophic location (K2) compared to an oligotrophic site (Aloha).|[0007] Current methods for estimation of carbon attenuation (e.g. Martin fit versus remineralization length scale) have relatively low sensitivity for short timescale events and are susceptible to location bias (Buesseler and Boyd 2009; de Melo Viríssimo et al., 2022). Remineralization with depth is a key term in global biogeochemical models, and spatiotemporal changes in this term have been shown in model experiments to alter the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 (Kwon et al. 2009). A number of critical factors that affect sinking velocity, and hence carbon flux attenuation, are magnified in association with short timescale physical processes in surface waters (Alldredge et al., 1995; Passow and de la Rocha, 2006; Armstrong et al., 2009). Factors such as aggregation of POC phases and ballasting by biogenic and/or lithogenic phases are consistent with observed episodic flux events (Baldwin et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 1998; Buesseler et al., 1998). These important but ephemeral depositions to the abyss have been shown to occur seasonally and inter-annually over periods of days or weeks at magnitudes equal to or greater than monthly or even annual fluxes at other times. The temporal relationship between dynamic surface processes and their contribution to the net POC flux at abyssal depths requires sampling resolution on timescales of hours to days (Bishop et al., 2016; Stukel et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2018).|[0008] Carbon Flux Proxy Measurements: Shipboard based depth integrated particle export and remineralization for POC, PIC, nutrient and biogenic phases are often measured using the 234Th/238U disequilibrium method (Rutgers van der Loeff et al., 2006; Waples et al., 2003, Buesseler and Boyd 2009). This approach requires a depth profile of 234Th and 238U activities coupled with particulate phase analyte to 234Th ratios (e.g. POC/234Th, PIC/234Th, Nut/234Th) from one or more depths. In open ocean systems, the timescales of processes that alter carbon export are long with respect to the half-life of 234Th and the systems can be treated as steady state. In systems where carbon export is perturbed by a short timescale process, a non-steady state approach is necessary (e.g. after Savoye et al. 2006; Resplandy et al. 2012; Buesseler et al., 2020).|[0009] As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of short timescale processes, the steady state assumption for carbon export may not be valid and repeated sampling of 234Th and 238U profiles is necessary (Savoye et al., 2006). In dynamic systems where a significant fraction of primary productivity results from processes such as upwelling events and eddies that occur on short timescales (Chenillat et al., 2015), the sampling frequency necessary to capture these important events requires intensive ship operations (Buesseler et al., 2020).|[0010] As an alternative to ship time intensive efforts, high resolution in-situ systems like the upper water column Carbon Flux Explorer (CFE, Bishop 2009) and the deep ocean Sediment Event Sensor (SES McGill et al. 2016) have been developed. Systems like this show great promise in the effort to translate remote sensing-based estimates of atmospheric carbon uptake in the surface ocean to carbon export to the abyss as carbon attenuation (Bishop et al., 2016; Smith et al., 2018; Shaw et al., 2020). The presently disclosed subject matter describes the development of an in-situ instrument to measure mass flux, as 234Th export, to complement the types of high-resolution sensors cited above.|SUMMARY OF THE PRESENTLY DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER|[0011] Aspects and advantages of the presently disclosed subject matter will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be apparent from the description, or may be learned through practice of the presently disclosed subject matter.|[0012] Broadly speaking, the presently disclosed subject matter relates to a presently disclosed sea going instrument which is used to measure the 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean.|[0013] Still further, presently disclosed subject matter in part may relate to improvement in the state of the art for sensors.|[0014] The market for presently disclosed technology (to enable real time monitoring of particle settling in the ocean as mass flux) is based on the thousands of Argos buoyancy engines housing in-situ sensors presently deployed in the oceans to monitor a variety of properties. The presently disclosed technology could be part of the sensor packet on Argos floats to measure mass flux from the surface oceans around the globe. It could also be used on long term moored sediment trap systems.|[0015] The presently disclosed technology could support a global network of sensors designed to map factors critical to the evaluation of the impacts of climate change. The specific data generated by this instrument could be critical to the quantification and mapping of carbon sequestration as carbon dioxide transfer from the atmosphere as biogenic material and ultimate burial in the deep ocean. Current methods for measuring 234Th based mass and carbon flux require extensive use of research vessels and many work hours of research effort. As an add on sensor to in-situ sensor packages, the costs per measurement would fall dramatically.|[0016] As a further example, the presently disclosed technology can be adapted to multiple sampling platforms with the goal of providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements at multiple locations and depths in the ocean. This proxy of mass flux will complement other in situ sensors to provide high resolution data for features such as Chla, accessory pigments, and PIC normalized to mass flux. Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) is recognized as an essential climate variable and is one of the primary parameters of ocean-color satellite products.|[0017] Thus, the presently disclosed subject matter has the potential for significant impact in the field of sensors.|[0018] One presently disclosed exemplary embodiment relates to a method for in-situ high resolution beta-particle detection for measurements of 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean to the ocean floor. Such method preferably comprises using a scintillation material sensor to sense the beta decay activity occurring at a sensor placed in a location of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the sensor, and detecting the presence of 234Th by discriminating relatively higher beta energy signals from the sensor indicating a measurement of the beta decay of an excited state of its daughter 234m Pa.|[0019] It is to be understood from the complete disclosure herewith that the presently disclosed subject matter equally relates to both method and corresponding and related apparatus and/or systems.|[0020] One presently disclosed exemplary system preferably relates to a measurement system for in-situ high resolution beta-particle detection for measurements of 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean to the ocean floor. Such system preferably comprises a scintillation material sensor to sense the beta decay activity occurring at a sensor placed in a location of the ocean to be assessed and to output responsive beta energy signals from the sensor; and a photon signal detector, comprising one of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), receiving the responsive beta energy signals, for detecting the presence of 234Th by discriminating relatively higher beta energy signals from the sensor indicating a measurement of the beta decay of an excited state of its daughter 234m Pa.|[0021] Other example aspects of the present disclosure are directed to systems, apparatus, tangible, non-transitory computer-readable media, user interfaces, memory devices, and electronic smart devices or the like. To implement methodology and technology herewith, one or more processors may be provided, programmed to perform the steps and functions as called for by the presently disclosed subject matter, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.|[0022] Additional objects and advantages of the presently disclosed subject matter are set forth in, or will be apparent to, those of ordinary skill in the art from the detailed description herein. Also, it should be further appreciated that modifications and variations to the specifically illustrated, referred and discussed features, elements, and steps hereof may be practiced in various embodiments, uses, and practices of the presently disclosed subject matter without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter. Variations may include, but are not limited to, substitution of equivalent means, features, or steps for those illustrated, referenced, or discussed, and the functional, operational, or positional reversal of various parts, features, steps, or the like.|[0023] Still further, it is to be understood that different embodiments, as well as different presently preferred embodiments, of the presently disclosed subject matter may include various combinations or configurations of presently disclosed features, steps, or elements, or their equivalents (including combinations of features, parts, or steps or configurations thereof not expressly shown in the Figures or stated in the detailed description of such Figures). Additional embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, not necessarily expressed in the summarized section, may include and incorporate various combinations of aspects of features, components, or steps referenced in the summarized objects above, and/or other features, components, or steps as otherwise discussed in this application. Those of ordinary skill in the art will better appreciate the features and aspects of such embodiments, and others, upon review of the remainder of the specification, and will appreciate that the presently disclosed subject matter applies equally to corresponding methodologies as associated with practice of any of the present exemplary devices, and vice versa.|(US20240402363)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES|[0024] A full and enabling disclosure of the presently disclosed subject matter, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended Figures, in which:|[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a Table of exemplary data from practice of the presently disclosed technology, and providing calculated disintegrations per minute (dpm);|[0026] FIG. 2 graphically illustrates preliminary results for a prototype of the presently disclosed instrument lab measured without shielding at sea level, compared to a Germanium Well Gamma measurement;|[0027] FIG. 3(a) illustrates a conceptual design for an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed instrument (sensor);|[0028] FIG. 3(b) illustrates a side view of the sample collection shutters of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3(a); and|[0029] FIG. 3(c) illustrates a mockup of the exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed instrument (sensor) of FIG. 3(a) on an Argo float.|(US20240402363)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION|[0030] Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements or steps of the presently disclosed subject matter.|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER|[0031] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the disclosed subject matter. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the presently disclosed subject matter, not limitation of the presently disclosed subject matter. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the presently disclosed subject matter without departing from the scope or spirit of the presently disclosed subject matter. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the presently disclosed subject matter covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.|[0032] The present disclosure is generally directed to improvements in sensors and related technology, particularly to development of in-situ beta-particle detectors for high resolution 234Th export measurements on moored and autonomous sediment traps. Such sediment traps may comprise such as instruments used in oceanography, for measuring the quantity of sinking particulate organic material in marine systems. Examples of such systems would broadly encompass a variety of types, including for example oceans and inland saline water bodies.|[0033] One example of a presently disclosed device is an in-situ sensor system for the measurement of 234Th export for deployment under a range of ocean conditions. The activity of 234Th can be measured via the decay of an excited state of its short-lived daughter 234m Pa (half-life 1.17 minutes). Approximately 98% of 234Th decays produce the excited state of 234 Pa called 234m Pa that provides the signal to be measured. The 234m Pa decays to the ground state, 234U. Beta decay produces a spectrum of energies with 234m Pa strongly skewed toward the upper energy range, with nearly all of these decays having a beta energy of 2.27 MeV (Chu et al., 1999). Such an exemplary device can be based on photon detection from a beta-sensitive plastic scintillator material. The 2.27 MeV beta emission from 234m Pa is much higher energy than the beta emission for the 234Th parent (˜0.1-0.2 MeV from Chu et al., 1999). Preliminary data indicates that 234m Pa yields scintillations that can be detected and discriminated from background by their energy distribution, even under high background conditions at sea level (see preliminary results below). A multichannel pulse height analyzer can effectively replace high mass shielding by allowing the differentiation of the photon energies associated with the 234Th daughter and those from ambient background. The presently disclosed instrument has four critical components: The scintillation material; the scintillation detector; the background evaluation/correction system; and the standard/sample shuttle system.|[0034] Such an exemplary instrument can detect the 234Th activity in sedimenting material as scintillations generated by beta particles ejected during the decay of 234m Pa, a short-lived daughter isotope of 234Th. In order to quantify the 234Th activity, scintillations generated by the beta particles of interest must be identified as different from background beta sources. Several companies make scintillation plastics that are responsive to beta particles in the energy range of our analyte (2.27 MeV for 234 Pa). Our initial studies used scintillator material EJ-204 (Eljen Technology, Texas) in a planar configuration, although other beta-sensitive scintillators and configurations could also work. Plastic scintillation material is attractive because it can be machined or cast into varying shapes to optimize geometries for beta collection. For example, EJ-200 can be obtained as a casting resin and has a photon response similar to EJ-204. Our initial studies evaluated several thicknesses for the material and found significant intensity variations as a function of thickness and geometry with respect to the sample holder. The system was optimized for a 1 mm thick scintillator sheet with an efficiency of 12% (see the table of FIG. 1).|[0035] The detector used for our initial proof of concept instrument is an off the shelf, ORTEC photomultiplier tube (PMT) and base placed directly under the scintillator and sample. However, detectors for an in-situ system can be further optimized for size, sensitivity and power consumption. The two main detector types used for scintillation measurements are photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). PMTs are electron amplifiers starting with a low-work-function photocathode and passing through 10-12 or more stages of electron acceleration and secondary electron emission. Each detected photon results in a single electron emitted from the photocathode and 105-109 electron gain before reaching the anode. PMTs suited to use with scintillators have relatively low dark current when operated at room temperature, high gain, fast (e.g., ns) and uniform response, and are coupled to fast preamplifiers. The output of these preamplifiers in some embodiments can be directed to a comparator and pulse counter or can be directed to a multichannel analyzer to count pulses while retaining information about their pulse height. PMTs are typically somewhat more expensive than SiPMs, but their larger areas make them more suited to the area detection needed for scintillations. This type of detector would be appropriate for the dedicated bottom mount instrument.|[0036] The most critical component of this system is the background evaluation and correction system that, together with atmospheric muon attenuation provided by the water column, will take the place of the mass of Pb shielding normally used to make these types of measurements on board a ship and/or in the laboratory. Atmospheric muons are generated from the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere, and their interaction with matter to produce beta particles with a range of energies is the most variable source of background. These muons can penetrate through several kilometers of ocean water column, but only the most energetic penetrate beyond 10 meters in depth (Tanaka 2020). Atmospheric muon production can vary on short timescales as a function of atmospheric temperature and pressure. For our “proof of concept” instrument, the photons generated by the selected scintillation material were binned by energy and the background spectra were evaluated against that generated by a suite of standards (see FIG. 2). The energy range with the best signal to background spectra was selected manually for the analysis. A high and low pass filter system was applied to the signal to yield the results in FIG. 2. While the lower energy spectrum of these muons will be attenuated with depth in the ocean, it will be necessary to evaluate this and all other sources of ambient background and select the optimum filter parameters automatically at regular intervals during operation. The implementation of this “learning” filter system will be discussed in greater detail later in the presently disclosed subject matter.|[0037] For laboratory testing, the analog output of the PMT (or SiPM) can be directed to a multichannel analyzer (MCA) to produce a histogram of counts for different pulse heights. Some manufacturers provide PMT bases that include these MCAs, and often they include proprietary software to communicate between a laboratory computer and the MCA. One exemplary embodiment is to use a Red Pitaya STEMIab 125-14 board to perform this task. The STEMlab 125-14 board includes two RF analog to digital inputs operating at 125 MS/s with 14 bits of resolution.|[0038] These boards are designed with Xilinx field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology that allows them to be reconfigured to serve as different types of instruments. Although the hardware for these boards is not open-source, the software and development system are, and there already exists a distribution on GitHub for converting the board into a 2-channel MCA. We have downloaded and tested this software in our laboratory with the conventional scintillator/PMT system, developed an electronic circuit to simulate beta particle detection events, and shown we have nearly unit efficiency at detecting these pulses. The power consumption of these boards operating as MCAs was found to be 5 W. Although this is a relatively low power consumption, we can use the knowledge gained from laboratory analysis to build a data system for the PMT/SiPM detectors that operates with a fraction of this power in the field and that doesn't require the Red Pitaya board to be active at all times.|[0039] In a laboratory testing embodiment, the STEMlab 125-14 can perform the high speed task of collecting and sorting all the pulses observed from a PMT or SiPM (with an appropriate change of time scale and selection of appropriate input gain). The readout of the histograms and interpretation of pulse height data can be done rapidly on a desktop computer for the purpose of selecting the threshold for or range of pulse heights that best differentiate our target analyte(s) from background. After applied voltage and threshold levels are determined, a data analysis system may be constructed using one or more comparator circuits that apply critical thresholds for pulse counting, enabling a very low power pulse counter that has optimal selectivity for our analyte.|[0040] The final component of the system for exemplary embodiments is the shuttle system for moving the sample and standards with respect to a fixed photon detector that will be housed in a pressure case. A simple rack and pinion configuration is one example embodiment. Per such exemplary embodiment, a stepper motor coupled to pinioned circular bottom shutter is used to collect samples for counting; move the samples from the detector stage to allow for standard measurement, background measurement and collection surface cleaning. A similar upper “shutter” can be configured to move a standard in position above the detector for calibration and optimization of signal to background (see FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c)). In exemplary embodiments, once the components are optimized to measure the betas of interest, the assembled system can be tested and evaluated for further optimization.|[0041] Rationale for instrument development. Evaluation of the factors that affect the attenuation of carbon transfer from the upper ocean to the deep sea are critical in predicting changes in global carbon budgets with changing climatic conditions. One critical factor is the rate of particulate transfer from the surface ocean to abyssal depths, as mass flux. Methods for the measurement of carbon transfer efficiency between surface and deep waters in dynamic open ocean and coastal systems require high resolution to capture major export events (Buesseler et al., 2008; Bishop et al., 2016; Stukel et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2018; Buesseler et al., 2020). Variations in climatic and upper ocean conditions are linearly linked to carbon cycling and ultimate burial in deep sea sediment. As these processes become more variable and extreme with changing climate conditions, high-resolution measures of their impact on carbon export are necessary. The 234Th/238U disequilibrium approach to estimation of the export of 234Th is currently an important proxy for estimating organic carbon export from the upper ocean. However, dynamic conditions typical of high flux regions do not allow steady state conditions with respect to maintenance of a constant 234Th inventory, precluding reliable results for single profile site evaluation. Thus, in dynamic systems, the 234Th/238U disequilibrium approach is ship time intensive, and results in limited spatial and temporal resolution of changes in particle settling time and carbon remineralization. The evaluation of remineralization rates with depth, as carbon flux attenuation, is a key term in global biogeochemical models. It is therefore very likely to be a key global warming feedback mechanism.|[0042] The instrument exemplary embodiment disclosed here supports autonomous monitoring of mass flux, as 234Th export, and could return high resolution data elucidating the frequency, intensity and duration of export fluxes and remineralization of particulate matter at multiple depths. The high-resolution sampling from autonomous platforms (e.g., moored and Lagrangian sediment traps (LST), and moored sediment analyzers, (SES)), coupled with in-situ measurement of carbon proxies (e.g. fluorescence) enables an unprecedented ability to temporally link high resolution remote sensing products to high resolution deep sea moored and autonomous sensing platforms. The development of this instrument provides the capacity to collect data and knowledge necessary for updates of biogeochemical flux models like those used by regional to global stakeholders like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.|Preliminary Results|Sensitivity and Resolution for the Presently Disclosed System|[0043] One primary value of the presently disclosed device is to increase the resolution for the measurement of mass flux through the water column via the proxy 234Th using both autonomous and moored sediment traps. The limit for sampling resolution is a function of the efficiency of our detector system, the capacity to resolve the ambient background and the sediment trap opening (as particle collection area). The two sample collection modes considered here are an autonomous sediment trap such as an LST or ARGO float with a small collection area (e.g. ˜0.10 m2 after Sherman et al., 2011) and a moored system like the SES (e.g. ˜0.50 m2 after McGill et al., 2016). The current “proof of concept” instrument using a planar scintillator with no shielding has an efficiency of >10% above background (see FIG. 2). This geometry reflects a worst-case scenario.|[0044] Based on our current system, it is possible to measure the minimum detectable activity of a sample for different possible background counts. The background for the laboratory prototype for the selected energy range is ˜150 counts per minute (cpm). This means that the purpose of determining a detection limit as a function of counting time (resolution), the counts are sufficient to approach a Gaussian distribution (Blue et al., 1987).|[0045] Based on equation 1 (below) adapted from Blue et al., (1987), for a background of 150 cpm and a measurement of 8 hours duration the minimum detectable analyte counts above background would be 1.3 cpm for an a of 0.05 (95% confidence). Based on a conservative counter efficiency of 10%, the minimum detectable sample activity would be 13 dpm. For comparison, if the background in-situ is primarily associated with 40K (estimated at ˜12 dpm in an exemplary sample volume) and the muon contribution is of similar magnitude (25 cpm tot), the minimum detectable activity for a sample would be 5 dpm.|[0046] Where: cpmmin is the minimum total analyte counts (in the presence of background) that can be detected per minute, No is the total background counts per minute, z is the number of standard deviations that we want the signal and background separated (from Blue et al., 1987), and t is the sampling time in minutes.|[0047] The minimum detectable decays per minute (dpmmin) is given by the cpmmin divided by the detector efficiency (10% in this case), per Eq. 2:|[0048] The table of FIG. 1 provides calculated dpmmin with the presently disclosed system at sea level background levels and at an expected maximum background at depths below 100 meters. These are converted to dpm m−2 d−1 for an 8 hour collection for a large trap configuration (as an SES 0.5 m2) and an autonomous trap (as an LST 0.1 m2). Even under worst case conditions, the range of measured 234Th export exceeds the minimum detectable dpm for the prototype system.|[0049] Based on the calculations above and the comparison to field measurements, the current prototype detects 234Th fluxes at the low end of the measured range for both small and large trap configurations at high resolution (short sampling windows).|[0050] FIG. 2 graphically represents preliminary results for the prototype (presently disclosed) instrument measured without shielding at sea level in our laboratory compared to a Germanium Well Gamma measurement.|Additional Aspects|[0051] The following additional aspects may be evaluated based on instrument design, evaluation and demonstration described below.|Scintillation Materials and Sensitivity for Beta Counting:|[0052] Depending on application, the proposed instrument will utilize a variety of solid scintillation materials that are now available that show specificity for the detection of beta particles in the energy range consistent with the decay of 234Th and its short-lived daughter 234m Pa. At the earth's surface, cosmic radiation interacts with ambient molecules (including detector materials) to generate significant background for any beta measurements and requires significant shielding and/or very selective background correction. The attenuation of these high energy particles with depth in the ocean reduces the need for shielding for in-situ measurement (Formaggio and Martoff, 2004; C. J. Martoff pers. Comm.). Thus, the preliminary results presented above reflect a worst-case condition with respect to muon generated background. The most significant source of ambient radionuclide background beta emissions in the ocean is the decay of 40K which emits a beta particle of 1.45 MeV with ˜80% probability. While 40K is ubiquitous, the background for small sample volumes is minimal (<5 dpm for a 4 cm diameter x 1 cm deep sample cell, see presently disclosed design section below) due to the short penetration distance of the beta emissions and low overall 40K activity.|[0053] The interaction of individual beta particles with plastic scintillator material yields a packet of photons whose intensity (as number) is proportional to the lifetime of the interaction. Thus, because beta attenuation in any material is a function of energy, the intensity of the photon pulse is proportional to the energy of the beta. This energy distribution allowed the selection of an energy “window” where the beta signals of interest could be differentiated from ambient background in an unshielded system at sea level (see results discussed herein). The sources of background that can contribute to background within the water column are environmental radioactivity (e.g., U and Th decay series from lithogenic material, 40K decay), impurities in apparatus (mostly the same nuclides), and the showers of elementary particles produced by interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth's atmosphere (Heusser, 1995). Preliminary results suggest that photon energy spectrum data collected in-situ can be used to select an appropriate energy “window” for sampling locations and depths in the ocean.|[0054] Two different exemplary embodiment of systems can be based on different detector types (PMT and geometries (see discussion of H2 below). Both exemplary systems have the capacity to be isolated from surrounding seawater by a shutter system (see discussion of H5 below) to reduce the 40K contribution to the background. The sample can be collected in an exemplary trap with a specially designed shutter cup with a depth of ˜3 cm to account for the flocculant nature of the sample, but well within the penetration depth of the 2.27 MeV beta particles generated by the 234m Pa target analyte. The diameter of the exemplary cup can be ˜4 cm yielding a volume of ˜12 mL. The exemplary low volume cup will ensure that any contribution of the 40K beta particles is very low with respect to the 234m Pa signal.|Detector Selection:|[0055] Depending on application, one of two detector types will be used for scintillation measurements, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). PMTs are electron amplifiers starting with a low work-function photocathode and passing through 10-12 or more stages of electron acceleration and secondary electron emission. Each detected photon results in a single electron emitted from the photocathode and 105-109 electron gain before reaching the anode. PMTs suited to use with scintillators have relatively low dark current when operated at room temperature, high gain, fast (e.g., ns) and uniform response, and are coupled to fast preamplifiers. The output of these preamplifiers in some embodiments may be directed to a comparator and pulse counter or can be directed to a multichannel analyzer to count pulses while retaining information about their strength. PMTs are typically somewhat more expensive than SiPMs, but their larger areas make them more suited to the area detection needed for scintillations. This type of detector would be appropriate for the dedicated bottom mount instrument.|[0056] SiPMs are a variation of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in Geiger mode. The elements of a SiPM store charge and experience a breakdown when a photon is absorbed to create a conductive channel. This leads to many electrons passing through the element before the current flow shuts down. These detectors are often produced in the form of many individual pixels that are operated as a unit rather than as individual detection elements. These typically have smaller areas than PMTs and also respond more slowly but are insensitive to magnetic fields. SiPMs are common choices for handheld or portable applications and will be evaluated in conjunction with light guide materials to allow versatility in detector/funnel orientation.|[0057] Both PMTs and SiPMs require high operating voltages, with PMTs requiring ˜1000 VDC and SiPMs requiring ˜200 VDC. In each case, there exist high voltage power units that upconvert low DC voltages efficiently. Exemplary embodiments for testing may include one PMT type and one SiPM type made by Hamamatsu for our scintillator application. The specific exemplary PMT for one such embodiment is the Hamamatsu C139530-01 scintillation probe, which operates on ±5 VDC with nominally 100 mA of current (0.5 W power consumption). This unit has a relatively small (for a PMT) circular active area with a diameter of 12 mm. Although this unit comes with a thin (0.5 mm) built-in plastic scintillator material and the detection circuit provides a comparator and 5 V output pulses, in some presently disclosed embodiments, we can replace the scintillator with our own somewhat thicker plastic scintillator and modify the circuitry to provide an analog output for multichannel analysis.|Real Time Particle Detection with Background Correction:|[0058] The scintillation detection system will be optimized to distinguish “counts” due to analyte decay from background counts as a function of ambient background as a function of measurement location (i.e. depth in the water column). The energy and penetration depth of 40K beta decay products are lower than those of the analyte, so the relative attenuation of the 234m Pa and the 40K betas in the scintillator should provide a discernable difference in photon pulse intensity that can be mitigated with the presently disclosed energy discriminator. Residual high energy muons have very great penetration depths and their average energy and number density will vary with submerged depth. For some presently disclosed embodiments, their interaction with the scintillator material will generate betas with higher energies, but their occurrence should diminish with depth in the water column. From a surface intensity of ˜10−2/cm2-s, muon flux falls to about 10−4/cm2-s at a depth of 100 meters (Heusser, 1995). The natural activity of potassium is about 31000 Bq/kg for pure potassium, so at a nominal seawater concentration of ˜380 mg/L, a practitioner of presently disclosed subject matter would expect to observe ˜12 Bq in a liter of seawater or on the order of 26 DPM for the exemplary cup volume disclosed. This reflects a very low background with respect to the expected sample activity and would produce minimum error once subtracted. Further, the energy discriminator (based on multichannel peak-height analysis) for some presently disclosed embodiments will reduce the potential background from the lower energy 40K beta particles and the high energy muon produced beta particles. This likely provides a route to distinguish target scintillation counts from background by judicious selection of scintillator thickness combined with one or two thresholding levels for peak counting. A much lower potential background contribution occurs from the small amount of lithogenic material collected based on the short collection times.|Shutter System for Sample Count Collection, Standardization and Background Correction:|[0059] The presently disclosed instrument will for some exemplary embodiments make two short duration higher power (5 W) measurements using the multichannel analyzer described above to “train” the energy filter system prior to the longer duration lower power sample measurement. A measurement of background with only ambient seawater in the sample chamber may be compared with a second measurement of ambient seawater and a planchette loaded with a 238U standard to supply activity of its daughter, 234Th. These two measurements allow optimization of the signal to background ratio by selection of the optimized “energy” window for that sampling depth so that longer duration measurements at lower power can be recorded.|[0060] Following sample accumulation in the sample chamber, the sample counts may be collected for the energy window determined in modes 1 and 2 until a statistically significant total count is collected. Then the standard planchette is again rotated into position above the chamber containing the sample. This allows the evaluation of self-absorption of sample derived beta particles.|[0061] FIG. 3(a) is a conceptual design for the overall instrument, FIG. 3(b) is a side view of the sample collection shutters, and FIG. 3(c) is a mockup of the instrument on a Argo float. For example, the two shutters may be rotated to: collect sample; isolate the sample from the funnel for counting; place the standard over the PMT for standard evaluation; and move an empty cell with only ambient seawater over the PMT for background counting. The cutouts allow for flushing the funnel.|Optimization of the Prototype Instrument.|[0062] Once a detection system is submerged below 10 meters, the contributions from lower energy muons diminish leaving primarily residual high energy muons (>30 GeV) from atmospheric cosmic ray interactions. There is a depth independent background from 40K that decays producing a beta particle with an energy of 1.31 MeV that can be minimized for a small volume sample. The resultant measurements at 10 meters depth will represent a “worst case” in-situ scenario as the contribution from high energy muons will diminish with depth in the water column. Tank tests provide an opportunity to complete evaluation of each instrument system under simulated ambient conditions.|[0063] The subject matter outlined above for some embodiments results in instrumentation that can be adapted to multiple sampling platforms with the goal of providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements at multiple depths. This proxy of mass flux complements other in-situ sensors to provide high resolution data for features such as Chlorophyll a, accessory pigments, and PIC normalized to mass flux. These data in turn can be correlated by the user to the frequency and magnitude of surface ocean features that drive specific episodic flux thresholds. The long-term application of the presently disclosed instrumentation enables identification of specific driver(s) of changes in carbon export and attenuation over time, testable improved methods of POC quantification through proxy ratios to mass flux, and confirmation of mechanistic underpinning to how variation in surface features translates to efficiency of carbon export to the abyss. This presently disclosed instrumentation supports analysis of an extraordinary range of factors to be systematically considered including when and how episodic POC transfers to the abyss relate to specific surface ocean features, temperature, export flux, ballasting, the abundance and size distribution of fast and slow sinking particles.|[0064] Global warming is now a well-documented phenomenon that is influencing every aspect of the world, from increased storm intensity to melting of polar ice sheets and rising sea level. Understanding the impact of such changes on climate and on drivers of surface ocean productivity and carbon export will require high resolution process studies. In-situ sensors will be critical components of these necessary future process studies. The presently disclosed subject matter will help validate models of carbon export from the surface ocean, including rapid episodic fluxes, remineralization at abyssal depths and sequestration on the sea floor.|[0065] Variations on this sensor not described here could be suited to other analytes, including some targeted at laboratory or commercial uses (e.g., Radon, potassium, 14C, etc.).|[0066] This written description uses examples to disclose the presently disclosed subject matter, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the presently disclosed subject matter, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the presently disclosed subject matter is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural and/or step elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural and/or elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims. | Family Number|(112394383)|112394383|Abstract|(US20240402363 A1)|A sea going instrument is used to measure the 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean. The instrumentation can be adapted to multiple sampling platforms with the goal of providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements at multiple locations and depths in the ocean. This proxy of mass flux is used to complement other in situ sensors to provide high resolution data for features such as Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla), accessory pigments, and PIC normalized to mass flux.| | Analysis of biological materials|Environmental technology | G01N-001/10|G01N-033/18|G01N-2001/1031|G01T-001/178|G01T-001/203|G01T-001/24/8 | G01N-001/10|G01N-033/18|G01N-2001/1031|G01T-001/178|G01T-001/203|G01T-001/24/8 | G01N-001/10|G01N-033/18|G01T-001/178|G01T-001/203|G01T-001/24 | G01N-001/10|G01N-033/18|G01T-001/178|G01T-001/203|G01T-001/24 | CN120194809 | CN120194809 115026705 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | US20170045628 | US20170045628 71204149 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | US20170045628 | PENDING | (US20240402363)|PENDING | ALIVE | (US20240402363)|ALIVE | (US20240402363)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR US20240402363|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-05-17|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=US US18667350|Application date=2024-05-17|Standardized application number=2024US-18667350|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/EXMR|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Examiner Name|PRIMARY EXAMINER:GUNBERG, EDWIN C|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/DK|Event group=Examination events|Attorney Docket Number|Docket Nbr: USC-785 (1654)|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/CUST|Event group=Examination events|Attorney/Agent Customer Number|Customer Nbr: 22827|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Business Entity Status: Small|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/AIA|Event group=Administrative notifications|First Inventor File Indicated:|AIA=Yes|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/ART|Event group=Administrative notifications|USPTO Art Group|ART=2884|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/IDS|Event group=Examination events OAI|Information Disclosure Statement Filed|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/ENT|Event group=Administrative notifications|Entity Status Set to Undiscounted|Event publication date=2024-05-17|Event code=US/PTARDY|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Patent Term Adjustment - Ready for Examination|Event publication date=2024-06-04|Event code=US/SMALL|Event group=Administrative notifications|Appl Has Filed a Verified Statement of Micro to Small Entity Status|Event publication date=2024-06-05|Event code=US/APPFILEREC|Event group=Administrative notifications OAO|Filing Receipt|Event publication date=2024-06-28|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2024-07-09|Event code=US/AS|Event group=Change of name or address Reassignment|Assignment|ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST|Assignors:SHAW, TIMOTHY J.;MYRICK, MICHAEL L.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20240606 TO 20240709|Reel/frame:067934/0732|OWNER:UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA|Event publication date=2024-12-05|Event code=US/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application published|Publication country=US|Publication number=US20240402363|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2024-12-05|Standardized publication number=US20240402363|Event publication date=2024-12-05|Event code=US/PGPUBN|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|PG-Pub Issue Notification|Event publication date=2025-12-18|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2026-01-02|Event code=US/DOCK|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Case Docketed to Examiner|Event publication date=2026-01-21|Event code=US/NOAV|Event group=Examination events OAO|Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed|Event publication date=2026-01-22|Event code=US/NOAM|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events OAO|Mail Notice of Allowance | (US20240402363)|US | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=lOckPE/DvcPSNV4Rd97py07S5CYuDst7JjY7t3dG27jB3cyffD7Soc3HTZ4K3xLA34T3rrXcRGc=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US0000000022387351&ekey=1776&xpn=US20240402363&kind=A1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/18667350/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=ZkfVBq9eTUyqCKBfjk69B8RHIQdPpfyajIQBIFKxQPE%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (US20240402363)|US | (US20240402363)|NAME=UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA , CITY=COLUMBIA , STATE=SC , COUNTRY=US | (US20240402363)|US; US | (US20240402363)|NAME=SHAW TIMOTHY J., CITY=COLUMBIA, STATE=SC , COUNTRY=US |NAME=MYRICK MICHAEL L., CITY=COLUMBIA, STATE=SC , COUNTRY=US | Titre: (US20240402363)|In-Situ Beta-particle detector for High Resolution 234Th Export Measurements Résumé: (US20240402363)|A sea going instrument is used to measure the 234Th activity on settling particles in the ocean as an indicator of carbon sequestration as export from the surface ocean. The instrumentation can be adapted to multiple sampling platforms with the goal of providing high temporal resolution 234Th flux measurements at multiple locations and depths in the ocean. This proxy of mass flux is used to complement other in situ sensors to provide high resolution data for features such as Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla), accessory pigments, and PIC normalized to mass flux. | 74.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on measuring 234Th activity as an indicator of carbon sequestration, but does not discuss iron fertilization or nutrient enrichment aimed at stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 1.0 | 1.0 | (US20240402363)|2 | (US20240402363)|32 | (US20240402363)|34 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (US20240402363)|3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | (US20240402363)|Number of Claims: NCL=34|Number of Drawings: NDR=3|Number of Figures: NFG=3|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,22|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1| | (US20240402363)|Provisional Appl: US63/504,833 FDD=2023-05-30 [2023US-63504833] | (US20240402363)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (US20240402363)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 86 | CN202520784426U | CN202520784426U | CN222952344 | 114814461 | CN222952344 U 2025-06-06 [CN222952344U] | 2025-04-24 | 2025-04-24 | 2025-06-06 | (CN222952344U)|2025-06-06 | (CN222952344)|2035-04-24 | (CN222952344)|Estuary wetland simulation test device | (CN222952344)|The utility model discloses an estuary wetland simulation test device which comprises a simulation box body, the upper end of the simulation box body is fixedly connected with a top cover through an adhesive, the inner wall of the simulation box body is fixedly connected with a partition plate, and the interior of the simulation box body is divided into a laboratory and a contrast chamber by the partition plate at equal intervals. Platforms are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the laboratory and the contrast room, a high tidal flat, a middle tidal flat and a light flat which are sequentially lowered in height are laid at the upper ends of the platforms, air-tight doors are installed at the same side ends of the laboratory and the contrast room, and filter screens are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the laboratory and the contrast room. And air detectors are respectively arranged in the laboratory and the contrast chamber. According to the method, related plants of the estuary wetland are planted in a laboratory and a contrast room, seawater with different pollutant concentrations is injected into the laboratory and the contrast room, fluctuation and ebb of the seawater are simulated every day, and the influence on the carbon sequestration capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious ocean pollution in the future is simulated. | ZHEJIANG PROVINCE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING RESEARCH INSTITUTE | (CN222952344)|ZHEJIANG PROVINCE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING RES INSTITUTE ([CN]) | QIAN LIWEI|YU DONGFANG|LIN CHENGMIAO|CHEN LIJUN|SONG DIE|HU QIUCHENG|XU QINGLIN | (CN222952344)|QIAN LIWEI|YU DONGFANG|LIN CHENGMIAO|CHEN LIJUN|SONG DIE|HU QIUCHENG|XU QINGLIN | (CN222952344)|XUE YAN;BEIJING XINKEHUALING IP SERVICE AGENT|Reg. Nb: 16115 | (CN222952344)|The scheme has the advantages that the relevant plants of the estuary wetland are planted in the laboratory and the control room, seawater with different pollutant concentrations is injected into the laboratory and the control room, rising and falling of the seawater are simulated every day, external natural illumination is simulated through the light supplementing lamp and the lamp holder, and the influence on the carbon sink capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future is simulated.| | (CN222952344)|1. The utility model provides a estuary wetland simulation test device, includes simulation box (12), its characterized in that, the upper end of simulation box (12) is through adhesive fixedly connected with top cap (2), the inner wall fixedly connected with baffle (14) of simulation box (12), and baffle (14) upper end and top cap (2) fixed connection, by baffle (14) equidistance divide into laboratory (15) and contrast room (16) in simulation box (12), the bottom of laboratory (15) and contrast room (16) is all fixedly connected with platform (19), high tidal flat (18), well tidal flat (20) and light tidal flat (21) that highly reduce in proper order are laid to the upper end of platform (19), air tight door (13) are all installed to the homolateral end of laboratory (15) and contrast room (16), and air tight door (13) are located the one end top of keeping away from well tidal flat (20), the bottom of laboratory (15) and contrast room (16) is all fixedly connected with platform (19), and filter screen (22) are kept away from in laboratory (16) and air tight flat (17) are installed in contrast room (16), respectively.| | (CN222952344)|The utility model discloses a estuary wetland simulation test device which comprises a simulation box body, wherein the upper end of the simulation box body is fixedly connected with a top cover through an adhesive, the inner wall of the simulation box body is fixedly connected with a partition plate, the simulation box body is equidistantly divided into a laboratory and a comparison room by the partition plate, the bottoms of the laboratory and the comparison room are fixedly connected with platforms, the upper ends of the platforms are paved with high tidal beaches, middle tidal beaches and light beaches with the heights being sequentially reduced, the same side ends of the laboratory and the comparison room are respectively provided with an airtight door, the bottoms of the laboratory and the comparison room are respectively fixedly connected with a filter screen, and air detectors are respectively arranged in the laboratory and the comparison room. By planting estuary wetland related plants in a laboratory and a control room, and injecting seawater with different pollutant concentrations into the laboratory and the control room and simulating fluctuation tide of the seawater every day, the influence on the carbon sink capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future is simulated.| | (CN222952344)|SIMULATION BOX(100,29)|ESTUARY WETLAND SIMULATION(100,24)|PLANTING ESTUARY WETLAND(58,1)|ESTUARY WETLAND RELEVANT PLANT(43,1)|MIDDLE TIDAL BEACH(38,1)|ESTUARY WETLAND(37,16)|AIRTIGHT DOOR(35,15)|TIDAL BEACH(34,1)|LABORATORY(31,64)|COMPARISON ROOM(29,8)|DRAINAGE PUMP(22,5)|PARTITION PLATE(22,2)|SEAWATER(19,17)|BAFFLE(19,3)|LABORATORY BOTTOM(18,10)|HUMIDITY ILLUMINANCE CO2(18,5)|NATURAL ILLUMINATION(18,1)|CONTRAST ROOM(17,29)|AIRTIGHT FLAT(17,1)|HOMOLATERAL(17,1)|RELEVANT PLANT(17,1)|PLATFORM(15,6)|EQUIDISTANCE(15,1)|CONCENTRATION SEAWATER(14,1)|FLUCTUATION(14,1)|MARINE POLLUTION(12,7)|FILTER SCREEN(12,5)|WATER INLET PUMP(12,5)|CARBON SINK CAPACITY(11,5)|LAMP HOLDER(10,19)|TIDAL FLAT(9,13)|CONTRAST CHAMBER(9,7)|LIGHT BEACH(9,5)|ESTUARY WETLAND ECOSYSTEM(9,2)|CONNECTING PIPE(8,25)|LAMP(8,16)|GPRS WIRELESS TEMPERATURE(8,6)|SIMULATION BOX INNER WALL(8,2)|CONTAMINANT(8,1)|MID TIDAL FLAT(8,1)|FORCED DRAFT BLOWER(7,8)|LIQUID STORAGE TANK(6,19)|CARBON SINK(6,6)|RISING(6,3)|LIGHT TIDAL FLAT(6,2)|TOP COVER(5,11)|CHECK VALVE(5,10)|SIMULATION BOX UPPER END(5,4)|WETLAND PLANT(5,3)|SEAWATER POLLUTANT(5,2)|SEAWATER SCOURING(5,2)|EQUAL INTERVAL(5,1)|ESTUARY WETLAND SOIL(5,1)|PROTECTING ESTUARY WETLAND(5,1)|AIR DETECTOR(4,6)|CONTENT CONTAMINATION(4,3)|CONTROL CHAMBER(4,3)|THREADED CONNECTION(4,3)|FIXED CONNECTION(4,2)|SIMULATION FLOOD TIDE PHENOMENON(4,1)|LIGHT FLAT(3,7)|DRAIN PUMP(3,5)|INNER WALL(3,4)|INTAKE PUMP(3,4)|ILLUMINATION INTENSITY(3,2)|SEAWATER ENVIRONMENT(3,2)|TIDAL RISE(3,2)|BAFFLE EQUIDISTANCE(3,1)|PLANTING SPARGANIUM(3,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(3,1)|CONTROL ROOM(2,30)|WATER LEVEL SENSOR(2,10)|TOP CAP(2,8)|GROUND(2,6)|WATER INLET(2,5)|ADJACENT LIGHT(2,3)|MIDDLE TIDAL FLAT(2,3)|AIR VALVE(2,2)|GRADIENT(2,2)|LABORATORY MATCHED LIQUID(2,2)|PARTITION(2,2)|PLANT NORMAL GROWTH(2,2)|SEALING DOOR(2,2)|SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA(2,2)|CLIMATE REGULATOR(2,1)|CONCENTRATION POLLUTANT(2,1)|EXHAUST BLOWER(2,1)|FLOOD OCCURRENCE(2,1)|ILLUMINANCE CO2(2,1)|LIQUID RESERVE TANK INTERCOMMUNICATION(2,1)|MEDIUM TIDE BEACH(2,1)|MIDDLE SIDE(2,1)|ORDINARY SKILL KNOWLEDGE(2,1)|PLANT REED(2,1)|PLANTING REED(2,1)|POLLUTANT CONTENT(2,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(2,1)|REGULATING FLOOD(2,1)|SEAWATER(2,1)|SIMULATION BOX RIGHT SIDE(2,1)|SUBMERGED LIGHT BEACH(2,1)|ANALOG BOX(1,1)|BLOWER WORK(1,1)|ESTUARY PERSPECTIVE(1,1)| | (CN222952344)|1. The utility model provides a estuary wetland simulation test device, includes simulation box (12), its characterized in that, the upper end of simulation box (12) is through adhesive fixedly connected with top cap (2), the inner wall fixedly connected with baffle (14) of simulation box (12), and baffle (14) upper end and top cap (2) fixed connection, by baffle (14) equidistance divide into laboratory (15) and contrast room (16) in simulation box (12), the bottom of laboratory (15) and contrast room (16) is all fixedly connected with platform (19), high tidal flat (18), well tidal flat (20) and light tidal flat (21) that highly reduce in proper order are laid to the upper end of platform (19), air tight door (13) are all installed to the homolateral end of laboratory (15) and contrast room (16), and air tight door (13) are located the one end top of keeping away from well tidal flat (20), the bottom of laboratory (15) and contrast room (16) is all fixedly connected with platform (19), and filter screen (22) are kept away from in laboratory (16) and air tight flat (17) are installed in contrast room (16), respectively.|2. The estuary wetland simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the left and right sides of the simulation box body (12) are respectively fixedly connected with liquid storage tanks (5), one side of the simulation box body (12) away from the airtight door (13) is provided with a water inlet pump (10) and a drainage pump (11), and the water inlet pump (10) and the drainage pump (11) are both provided with two, the output end threaded connection of the water inlet pump (10) has a first check valve (6), and the first check valve (6) on the two water inlet pumps (10) are respectively communicated with a laboratory (15) and a contrast chamber (16), the input end fixedly connected with a first connecting pipe (8) of the water inlet pump (10), and the first connecting pipe (8) on the two water inlet pumps (10) are respectively communicated with the two liquid storage tanks (5), the input ends of the drainage pump (11) are respectively communicated with the laboratory (15) and the contrast chamber (16), the output end fixedly connected with a second connecting pipe (9) of the drainage pump (11), and the second connecting pipe (9) are respectively connected with the second connecting pipe (7) through the second connecting pipe (7) and the second connecting pipe (11) are respectively communicated with the second connecting pipe (9).|3. The estuary wetland simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the two side middle parts of the simulation box body (12) are respectively provided with a blower (3), the blower (3) is respectively communicated with a laboratory (15) and a comparison room (16), one end flange of the blower (3) far away from the simulation box body (12) is connected with a one-way air valve (4), the upper end of the top cover (2) is fixedly connected with a plurality of exhaust fans (25) at equal intervals, the upper end of the top cover (2) is symmetrically and fixedly connected with two active carbon filter boxes (1), and the active carbon filter boxes (1) are respectively communicated with the laboratory (15) and the comparison room (16) through the exhaust fans (25).|4. A estuary wetland simulation test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of light supplementing lamps and lamp holders (24) are arranged in the laboratory (15) and the control room (16), the lamp holders in the light supplementing lamps and lamp holders (24) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the top cover (2), and the exhaust fan (25) is positioned between two adjacent light supplementing lamps and lamp holders (24).|5. The estuary wetland simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the water level sensor (23) is installed at the bottom of the laboratory (15) and the control room (16), and the water level sensor (23) is located at the side of the filter screen (22) away from the airtight door (13).|6. The estuary wetland simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the air detector (17) is a GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor.|7. The estuary wetland simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the junction of Gao Chaotan (18), mid tidal flat (20) and light flat (21) is an inclined plane.|8. The estuary wetland simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein the control chamber (16) and the laboratory (15) cooperate with the liquid storage tank (5) to store seawater of different concentrations of contaminants, respectively, and wherein the laboratory (15) cooperate with the liquid storage tank (5) to store seawater of greater concentration than the control chamber (16) cooperate with the liquid storage tank (5). | (CN222952344)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of estuary wetland simulation test devices, in particular to an estuary wetland simulation test device.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The estuary wetland refers to a wetland area formed when a river is injected into the ocean or the lake. Due to the geographic location specificity, estuary wetlands play an important role in the natural environment. The estuary wetland can absorb and store a large amount of water, slow down the flood peak flow and play a role in regulating flood. Meanwhile, the root system of the wetland plant can fix soil, so that the erosion of river banks and coasts is reduced. Thus, protecting estuary wetlands helps to reduce the occurrence of floods and coastal erosion. Estuary wetlands are important carbon sinks and climate regulators. Wetland plants absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and fix it in the soil. The soil of the estuary wetland is rich in organic matters, and can store a large amount of carbon for a long time. Meanwhile, the transpiration effect of the wetland plants can also reduce the air temperature and regulate the climate.|[0003] According to different elevations, the estuary wetland is divided into a high tidal flat, a medium tidal flat and a light tidal flat, and under the action of tides, substances exchange with the ocean occurs every day. The device simulates a wetland ecosystem, an experimental group and a control group are arranged, the rising and falling tide of the seawater every day is simulated through the water pump, and the influence on the carbon sink capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future can be simulated through the arrangement of pollutants with different concentrations.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of utility model|[0004] The utility model aims to provide a estuary wetland simulation test device which can simulate the influence on the carbon sink capacity of an estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future by simulating an estuary wetland ecosystem and setting an experimental group and a control group.|[0005] For realizing the above-mentioned purpose, provide estuary wetland simulation test device, including the simulation box, the upper end of simulation box passes through adhesive fixedly connected with top cap, the inner wall fixedly connected with baffle of simulation box, and baffle upper end and top cap fixed connection, divide into laboratory and contrast room by the baffle equidistance in the simulation box, the bottom of laboratory and contrast room is all fixedly connected with platform, high tidal flat, well tidal flat and the light beach that highly reduce in proper order have been laid to the upper end of platform, the air tight door is all installed to the homonymy end of laboratory and contrast room, and the air tight door is located the one end top that well tidal flat was kept away from to high tidal flat, the bottom of laboratory and contrast room is all fixedly connected with filter screen, and the filter screen is located the one side that the air tight door was kept away from to the light beach, install air detector in laboratory and the contrast room respectively. The influence on the carbon sink capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future can be simulated by simulating the estuary wetland ecosystem and setting an experimental group and a control group.|[0006] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the left and right sides of simulation box respectively fixedly connected with liquid reserve tank, one side that the simulation box was kept away from the airtight door is equipped with intake pump and drain pump, and intake pump and drain pump all are provided with two, the output screw thread connection of intake pump has first check valve, and the first check valve on two intake pumps communicates with laboratory and contrast room respectively, the input fixedly connected with first connecting pipe of intake pump, and the first connecting pipe on two intake pumps communicates with two liquid reserve tanks respectively, two the input of drain pump communicates with laboratory and contrast room respectively, the output fixedly connected with second connecting pipe of drain pump, the one end screw thread connection that the drain pump was kept away from to the second connecting pipe has the second check valve, and two drain pumps pass through the second check valve of second connecting pipe connection respectively with two liquid reserve tanks intercommunication. The two liquid storage tanks are used for storing seawater with different pollutant contents, the two water inlet pumps are used for discharging the seawater in the two liquid storage tanks into the laboratory and the contrast chamber through the first connecting pipe respectively to simulate the tide rising phenomenon, and the two water discharge pumps are used for pumping the seawater in the laboratory and the contrast chamber into the two liquid storage tanks through the second connecting pipe respectively to simulate the tide falling phenomenon.|[0007] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the left and right sides middle part of simulation box install the forced draught blower respectively, and the forced draught blower communicates with laboratory and contrast room respectively, the one end flange joint that the simulation box was kept away from to the forced draught blower has the one-way blast gate, the upper end equidistance fixedly connected with of top cap a plurality of exhaust fans, the upper end symmetry fixedly connected with of top cap two active carbon filter cases, and the active carbon filter case communicates with laboratory and contrast room respectively through the exhaust fan. The forced draught blower and exhaust fan cooperation makes the air in laboratory and the contrast room circulate with the external world respectively, adjusts the temperature in the device, before guaranteeing to set up the experiment, plant normal growth in the device, and the active carbon rose box filters the air in the exhaust fan exhaust device, avoids the vapor that the evaporation of sea water formed in the device to carry the pollutant and get into in the external world air.|[0008] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, a plurality of light supplementing lamps and lamp holders are arranged in the laboratory and the contrast room, the lamp holders in the light supplementing lamps and the lamp holders are fixedly connected to the lower end of the top cover, and the exhaust fan is positioned between two adjacent light supplementing lamps and lamp holders. The light supplementing lamp and the lamp holder are used for providing sufficient illumination for plant growth in the device, so that the illumination intensity in a laboratory is the same as that in a control room, and the reliability of a test is improved.|[0009] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the bottoms of the laboratory and the control room are provided with water level sensors, and the water level sensors are positioned on one side of the filter screen far away from the airtight door. The water level sensor is used for monitoring the water levels in the laboratory and the control room, so that the tidal rise and fall amplitude in the laboratory and the control room is the same, and the interference on the test is reduced.|[0010] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the air detector is a GPRS wireless temperature, humidity and illuminance CO2 integrated sensor. The GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor enables the air detector to detect the temperature, humidity, illuminance and carbon dioxide content in the laboratory and the control room, is convenient for adjusting the plant growth environment in the laboratory and the control room, enables the growth environment in the laboratory and the control room to be almost the same, and reduces test variables.|[0011] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the joint of the high tidal flat, the medium tidal flat and the smooth flat is an inclined plane. The inclined plane makes the soil have a certain gradient and shape, so that the soil is not sunk due to the scouring of the sea water flow simulating the tide-like swell-fall caused by the time lapse.|[0012] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, seawater with pollutants of different concentrations is respectively stored in the control room and the laboratory matched liquid storage tank, and the concentration of the seawater pollutants stored in the laboratory matched liquid storage tank is greater than that in the control room matched liquid storage tank. The control room simulates the estuary wetland in the existing normal seawater environment, and the laboratory simulates the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future.|[0013] The scheme has the advantages that the relevant plants of the estuary wetland are planted in the laboratory and the control room, seawater with different pollutant concentrations is injected into the laboratory and the control room, rising and falling of the seawater are simulated every day, external natural illumination is simulated through the light supplementing lamp and the lamp holder, and the influence on the carbon sink capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future is simulated.|[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0015] The utility model is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples;|[0016] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first view of the estuary wet land simulation test device of the present utility model; |[0017] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second view of the estuary wet land simulation test device of the present utility model; |[0018] FIG. 3 is a top view of the estuary wetland simulation test apparatus of the present utility model; |[0019] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first view of the estuary wetland simulation test device of the present utility model with the top cover removed; |[0020] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a simulation box in a first perspective of the estuary wet land simulation test device of the present utility model; |[0021] FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the top cover of the estuary wet land simulation test device of the present utility model. |[0022] Legend description:|[0023] 1. The device comprises an active carbon filter box, a top cover, a 3, a blower, a 4, a one-way air valve, a 5, a liquid storage box, a6, a first one-way valve, a 7, a second one-way valve, a 8, a first connecting pipe, a 9, a second connecting pipe, a 10, a water inlet pump, a 11, a drainage pump, a 12, an analog box body, a 13, an airtight door, a 14, a baffle plate, a 15, a laboratory, a 16, a comparison room, a 17, an air detector, a 18, a high tide beach, a 19, a platform, a 20, a medium tide beach, a 21, a light beach, a 22, a filter screen, a 23, a water level sensor, a 24, a light supplementing lamp, a lamp holder, a 25 and an exhaust fan. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0024] Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present utility model, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings are used to supplement the description of the written description so that one can intuitively and intuitively understand each technical feature and overall technical scheme of the present utility model, but not to limit the scope of the present utility model.|[0025] Referring to fig. 1-6, the estuary wetland simulation test device in the embodiment of the utility model comprises a simulation box body 12, a threading hole for a water level sensor 23, a light supplementing lamp and a lamp holder 24 to pass through is formed in the surface of the simulation box body 12, the upper end of the simulation box body 12 is fixedly connected with a top cover 2 through an adhesive, the inner wall of the simulation box body 12 is fixedly connected with a partition 14, the upper end of the partition 14 is fixedly connected with the top cover 2, the inside of the simulation box body 12 is equidistantly divided into a laboratory 15 and a contrast room 16 by the partition 14, platforms 19 are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16, a high tidal flat 18, a middle tidal flat 20 and a light flat 21 with sequentially reduced heights are paved at the upper end of the platform 19, the high tidal flat 18 is used for planting reeds, the middle tidal flat 20 is used for planting sparganium, the light flat 21 is slightly planted with the light flat, the same side ends of the laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16 are respectively provided with a sealing door 13, the sealing door 13 is positioned at one end of the high tidal flat 18 far away from the middle tidal flat 20, the top 12 is positioned at the same side of the simulation box body 15 and the contrast room 16, the bottom of the air filter screen 16 is respectively, and the water flow is blocked by the sealing device is arranged at the bottom of the side of the laboratory 15 and the contrast filter screen 16, and the bottom of the sealing device is respectively connected with the filter screen 22.|[0026] The left side and the right side of the simulation box body 12 are respectively and fixedly connected with a liquid storage tank 5, one side of the simulation box body 12 far away from the airtight door 13 is provided with a water inlet pump 10 and a water discharge pump 11, the water inlet pump 10 and the water discharge pump 11 are both provided with two, the output end of the water inlet pump 10 is in threaded connection with a first check valve 6, the first check valves 6 on the two water inlet pumps 10 are respectively communicated with a laboratory 15 and a contrast room 16, the input end of the water inlet pump 10 is fixedly connected with a first connecting pipe 8, the first connecting pipes 8 on the two water inlet pumps 10 are respectively communicated with the two liquid storage tanks 5, the input ends of the two water discharge pumps 11 are respectively communicated with the laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16, the output end fixedly connected with second connecting pipe 9 of drain pump 11, the one end threaded connection that drain pump 11 was kept away from to second connecting pipe 9 has second check valve 7, and two drain pumps 11 are connected through second check valve 7 that second connecting pipe 9 connects respectively with two liquid storage tanks 5, two liquid storage tanks 5 are arranged in storing the sea water that the pollutant content is different, two intake pumps 10 are respectively through first connecting pipe 8 with the sea water in two liquid storage tanks 5 to laboratory 15 and contrast room 16 in the discharge, simulate the flood tide phenomenon, two drain pumps 11 are respectively through second connecting pipe 9 with the sea water in laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16 take out to two liquid storage tanks 5 in the simulation flood tide phenomenon.|[0027] The forced draught blower 3 is installed respectively in the both sides middle part of simulation box 12, and forced draught blower 3 communicates with laboratory 15 and contrast room 16 respectively, the one end flange joint that simulation box 12 was kept away from to forced draught blower 3 has one-way blast gate 4, the upper end equidistance fixedly connected with of top cap 2a plurality of exhaust fans 25, the upper end symmetry fixedly connected with of top cap 2 two active carbon filter boxes 1, and active carbon filter box 1 communicates with laboratory 15 and contrast room 16 respectively through exhaust fan 25, forced draught blower 3 and exhaust fan 25 cooperation makes the air in laboratory 15 and contrast room 16 circulate with the external world respectively, adjusts the temperature in the device, before guaranteeing to set up the experiment, and the plant normal growth in the device is filtered to the air in the device of exhaust fan 25 to active carbon filter box 1, avoids the vapor that the evaporation of seawater formed in the device to carry the pollutant and get into in the external air.|[0028] The laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16 are provided with a plurality of light supplementing lamps and lamp holders 24, the lamp holders in the light supplementing lamps and the lamp holders 24 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the top cover 2, the exhaust fan 25 is positioned between two adjacent light supplementing lamps and lamp holders 24, the light supplementing lamps and the lamp holders 24 are used for providing sufficient illumination for plant growth in the device, so that the illumination intensity in the laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16 is the same, and the reliability of the test is improved.|[0029] The bottoms of the laboratory 15 and the control chamber 16 are mounted with a water level sensor 23, and the water level sensor 23 is located on the side of the filter screen 22 remote from the airtight door 13. The water level sensor 23 is used for monitoring the water levels in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, so that the tidal rise and fall amplitude in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 are the same, and the interference of the test is reduced.|[0030] The air detector 17 is a GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor, and the detection data of the GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor is received by an external computer terminal and then displayed by using sensor monitoring software, so that the work of the blower 3, the water inlet pump 10, the drainage pump 11, the light supplementing lamp, the lamp holder 24 and the exhaust fan 25 is controlled, the GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor enables the air detector 17 to detect the temperature, humidity, illuminance and carbon dioxide content in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, the plant growth environment in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 is convenient to adjust, the growth environment in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 is almost the same, and the test variable is reduced.|[0031] The connection of the high tide beach 18, the medium tide beach 20 and the light beach 21 is an inclined plane, and the inclined plane enables the soil to have a certain gradient and shape, so that the soil is not sunk due to the scouring of the sea water flow simulating the tide and the swell and the fall of the soil caused by the time.|[0032] Seawater with different concentrations of pollutants is respectively stored in the liquid storage tanks 5 matched with the control room 16 and the laboratory 15, the concentration of the seawater pollutants stored in the liquid storage tanks 5 matched with the laboratory 15 is larger than that in the liquid storage tanks 5 matched with the control room 16, the control room 16 simulates the estuary wetland in the existing normal seawater environment, and the laboratory 15 simulates the estuary wetland in the future under the severe marine pollution.|[0033] Working principle:|[0034] During simulation test, a worker opens the airtight door 13 to enter a laboratory 15 and a control room 16, lays surface soil on the surfaces of a platform 19 in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 to form a high tidal flat 18, a medium tidal flat 20 and a light flat 21, plants reed on the high tidal flat 18, plants spartina alterniflora on the surface of the medium tidal flat 20, plants a small amount of spartina alterniflora on the light flat 21, then adds a certain amount of seawater with different pollutant contents to the bottom of the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, which are far away from the airtight door 13, of a filter screen 22, simulates the phenomenon that part of seawater floods the light flat 21 except for rising and falling tide, a light supplementing lamp and a lamp holder 24 provide illumination under the same condition for normal growth of plants in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, simulates light variation under the external natural environment, and after the plants are planted, the air blower 3 works to send the external air into the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, the exhaust blower filters the wet hot air in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 through an active carbon filter box 1, and then discharges the seawater with different pollutant contents, the seawater is filtered by the active carbon filter box 1 for a period of time, and the carbon storage capacity of the plants and the carbon storage capacity of the laboratory 15 and the carbon storage capacity of the carbon storage is regularly measured and the carbon storage capacity of the plant is estimated; |[0035] The water intake pump 10 is not operated, the water intake pump 10 is respectively connected with the laboratory 15 and the contrast chamber 16 through the first connecting pipe 8 to discharge seawater, so that the water level in the laboratory 15 and the contrast chamber is increased to simulate the flood tide phenomenon, the submerged light beach 21 and part of the middle tide beach 20 or all the middle tide beach 20 are submerged, the water intake pump 10 is not operated, the water intake pump 11 is respectively connected with the laboratory 15 and the contrast chamber 16 through the second connecting pipe 9 to pump seawater into the liquid storage tank 5, so that the water level of the seawater in the device is reduced to simulate the flood tide phenomenon. |[0036] The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model. | (CN222952344)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of estuary wetland simulation test devices, in particular to an estuary wetland simulation test device.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The estuary wetland refers to a wetland area formed when a river is injected into the ocean or the lake. Due to the geographic location specificity, estuary wetlands play an important role in the natural environment. The estuary wetland can absorb and store a large amount of water, slow down the flood peak flow and play a role in regulating flood. Meanwhile, the root system of the wetland plant can fix soil, so that the erosion of river banks and coasts is reduced. Thus, protecting estuary wetlands helps to reduce the occurrence of floods and coastal erosion. Estuary wetlands are important carbon sinks and climate regulators. Wetland plants absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and fix it in the soil. The soil of the estuary wetland is rich in organic matters, and can store a large amount of carbon for a long time. Meanwhile, the transpiration effect of the wetland plants can also reduce the air temperature and regulate the climate.|[0003] According to different elevations, the estuary wetland is divided into a high tidal flat, a medium tidal flat and a light tidal flat, and under the action of tides, substances exchange with the ocean occurs every day. The device simulates a wetland ecosystem, an experimental group and a control group are arranged, the rising and falling tide of the seawater every day is simulated through the water pump, and the influence on the carbon sink capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future can be simulated through the arrangement of pollutants with different concentrations.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of utility model|[0004] The utility model aims to provide a estuary wetland simulation test device which can simulate the influence on the carbon sink capacity of an estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future by simulating an estuary wetland ecosystem and setting an experimental group and a control group.|[0005] For realizing the above-mentioned purpose, provide estuary wetland simulation test device, including the simulation box, the upper end of simulation box passes through adhesive fixedly connected with top cap, the inner wall fixedly connected with baffle of simulation box, and baffle upper end and top cap fixed connection, divide into laboratory and contrast room by the baffle equidistance in the simulation box, the bottom of laboratory and contrast room is all fixedly connected with platform, high tidal flat, well tidal flat and the light beach that highly reduce in proper order have been laid to the upper end of platform, the air tight door is all installed to the homonymy end of laboratory and contrast room, and the air tight door is located the one end top that well tidal flat was kept away from to high tidal flat, the bottom of laboratory and contrast room is all fixedly connected with filter screen, and the filter screen is located the one side that the air tight door was kept away from to the light beach, install air detector in laboratory and the contrast room respectively. The influence on the carbon sink capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future can be simulated by simulating the estuary wetland ecosystem and setting an experimental group and a control group.|[0006] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the left and right sides of simulation box respectively fixedly connected with liquid reserve tank, one side that the simulation box was kept away from the airtight door is equipped with intake pump and drain pump, and intake pump and drain pump all are provided with two, the output screw thread connection of intake pump has first check valve, and the first check valve on two intake pumps communicates with laboratory and contrast room respectively, the input fixedly connected with first connecting pipe of intake pump, and the first connecting pipe on two intake pumps communicates with two liquid reserve tanks respectively, two the input of drain pump communicates with laboratory and contrast room respectively, the output fixedly connected with second connecting pipe of drain pump, the one end screw thread connection that the drain pump was kept away from to the second connecting pipe has the second check valve, and two drain pumps pass through the second check valve of second connecting pipe connection respectively with two liquid reserve tanks intercommunication. The two liquid storage tanks are used for storing seawater with different pollutant contents, the two water inlet pumps are used for discharging the seawater in the two liquid storage tanks into the laboratory and the contrast chamber through the first connecting pipe respectively to simulate the tide rising phenomenon, and the two water discharge pumps are used for pumping the seawater in the laboratory and the contrast chamber into the two liquid storage tanks through the second connecting pipe respectively to simulate the tide falling phenomenon.|[0007] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the left and right sides middle part of simulation box install the forced draught blower respectively, and the forced draught blower communicates with laboratory and contrast room respectively, the one end flange joint that the simulation box was kept away from to the forced draught blower has the one-way blast gate, the upper end equidistance fixedly connected with of top cap a plurality of exhaust fans, the upper end symmetry fixedly connected with of top cap two active carbon filter cases, and the active carbon filter case communicates with laboratory and contrast room respectively through the exhaust fan. The forced draught blower and exhaust fan cooperation makes the air in laboratory and the contrast room circulate with the external world respectively, adjusts the temperature in the device, before guaranteeing to set up the experiment, plant normal growth in the device, and the active carbon rose box filters the air in the exhaust fan exhaust device, avoids the vapor that the evaporation of sea water formed in the device to carry the pollutant and get into in the external world air.|[0008] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, a plurality of light supplementing lamps and lamp holders are arranged in the laboratory and the contrast room, the lamp holders in the light supplementing lamps and the lamp holders are fixedly connected to the lower end of the top cover, and the exhaust fan is positioned between two adjacent light supplementing lamps and lamp holders. The light supplementing lamp and the lamp holder are used for providing sufficient illumination for plant growth in the device, so that the illumination intensity in a laboratory is the same as that in a control room, and the reliability of a test is improved.|[0009] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the bottoms of the laboratory and the control room are provided with water level sensors, and the water level sensors are positioned on one side of the filter screen far away from the airtight door. The water level sensor is used for monitoring the water levels in the laboratory and the control room, so that the tidal rise and fall amplitude in the laboratory and the control room is the same, and the interference on the test is reduced.|[0010] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the air detector is a GPRS wireless temperature, humidity and illuminance CO2 integrated sensor. The GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor enables the air detector to detect the temperature, humidity, illuminance and carbon dioxide content in the laboratory and the control room, is convenient for adjusting the plant growth environment in the laboratory and the control room, enables the growth environment in the laboratory and the control room to be almost the same, and reduces test variables.|[0011] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, the joint of the high tidal flat, the medium tidal flat and the smooth flat is an inclined plane. The inclined plane makes the soil have a certain gradient and shape, so that the soil is not sunk due to the scouring of the sea water flow simulating the tide-like swell-fall caused by the time lapse.|[0012] According to the estuary wetland simulation test device, seawater with pollutants of different concentrations is respectively stored in the control room and the laboratory matched liquid storage tank, and the concentration of the seawater pollutants stored in the laboratory matched liquid storage tank is greater than that in the control room matched liquid storage tank. The control room simulates the estuary wetland in the existing normal seawater environment, and the laboratory simulates the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future.|[0013] The scheme has the advantages that the relevant plants of the estuary wetland are planted in the laboratory and the control room, seawater with different pollutant concentrations is injected into the laboratory and the control room, rising and falling of the seawater are simulated every day, external natural illumination is simulated through the light supplementing lamp and the lamp holder, and the influence on the carbon sink capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious marine pollution in the future is simulated.|[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0015] The utility model is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples;|[0016] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first view of the estuary wet land simulation test device of the present utility model; |[0017] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second view of the estuary wet land simulation test device of the present utility model; |[0018] FIG. 3 is a top view of the estuary wetland simulation test apparatus of the present utility model; |[0019] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first view of the estuary wetland simulation test device of the present utility model with the top cover removed; |[0020] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a simulation box in a first perspective of the estuary wet land simulation test device of the present utility model; |[0021] FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the top cover of the estuary wet land simulation test device of the present utility model. |[0022] Legend description:|[0023] 1. The device comprises an active carbon filter box, a top cover, a 3, a blower, a 4, a one-way air valve, a 5, a liquid storage box, a6, a first one-way valve, a 7, a second one-way valve, a 8, a first connecting pipe, a 9, a second connecting pipe, a 10, a water inlet pump, a 11, a drainage pump, a 12, an analog box body, a 13, an airtight door, a 14, a baffle plate, a 15, a laboratory, a 16, a comparison room, a 17, an air detector, a 18, a high tide beach, a 19, a platform, a 20, a medium tide beach, a 21, a light beach, a 22, a filter screen, a 23, a water level sensor, a 24, a light supplementing lamp, a lamp holder, a 25 and an exhaust fan. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0024] Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present utility model, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings are used to supplement the description of the written description so that one can intuitively and intuitively understand each technical feature and overall technical scheme of the present utility model, but not to limit the scope of the present utility model.|[0025] Referring to fig. 1-6, the estuary wetland simulation test device in the embodiment of the utility model comprises a simulation box body 12, a threading hole for a water level sensor 23, a light supplementing lamp and a lamp holder 24 to pass through is formed in the surface of the simulation box body 12, the upper end of the simulation box body 12 is fixedly connected with a top cover 2 through an adhesive, the inner wall of the simulation box body 12 is fixedly connected with a partition 14, the upper end of the partition 14 is fixedly connected with the top cover 2, the inside of the simulation box body 12 is equidistantly divided into a laboratory 15 and a contrast room 16 by the partition 14, platforms 19 are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16, a high tidal flat 18, a middle tidal flat 20 and a light flat 21 with sequentially reduced heights are paved at the upper end of the platform 19, the high tidal flat 18 is used for planting reeds, the middle tidal flat 20 is used for planting sparganium, the light flat 21 is slightly planted with the light flat, the same side ends of the laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16 are respectively provided with a sealing door 13, the sealing door 13 is positioned at one end of the high tidal flat 18 far away from the middle tidal flat 20, the top 12 is positioned at the same side of the simulation box body 15 and the contrast room 16, the bottom of the air filter screen 16 is respectively, and the water flow is blocked by the sealing device is arranged at the bottom of the side of the laboratory 15 and the contrast filter screen 16, and the bottom of the sealing device is respectively connected with the filter screen 22.|[0026] The left side and the right side of the simulation box body 12 are respectively and fixedly connected with a liquid storage tank 5, one side of the simulation box body 12 far away from the airtight door 13 is provided with a water inlet pump 10 and a water discharge pump 11, the water inlet pump 10 and the water discharge pump 11 are both provided with two, the output end of the water inlet pump 10 is in threaded connection with a first check valve 6, the first check valves 6 on the two water inlet pumps 10 are respectively communicated with a laboratory 15 and a contrast room 16, the input end of the water inlet pump 10 is fixedly connected with a first connecting pipe 8, the first connecting pipes 8 on the two water inlet pumps 10 are respectively communicated with the two liquid storage tanks 5, the input ends of the two water discharge pumps 11 are respectively communicated with the laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16, the output end fixedly connected with second connecting pipe 9 of drain pump 11, the one end threaded connection that drain pump 11 was kept away from to second connecting pipe 9 has second check valve 7, and two drain pumps 11 are connected through second check valve 7 that second connecting pipe 9 connects respectively with two liquid storage tanks 5, two liquid storage tanks 5 are arranged in storing the sea water that the pollutant content is different, two intake pumps 10 are respectively through first connecting pipe 8 with the sea water in two liquid storage tanks 5 to laboratory 15 and contrast room 16 in the discharge, simulate the flood tide phenomenon, two drain pumps 11 are respectively through second connecting pipe 9 with the sea water in laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16 take out to two liquid storage tanks 5 in the simulation flood tide phenomenon.|[0027] The forced draught blower 3 is installed respectively in the both sides middle part of simulation box 12, and forced draught blower 3 communicates with laboratory 15 and contrast room 16 respectively, the one end flange joint that simulation box 12 was kept away from to forced draught blower 3 has one-way blast gate 4, the upper end equidistance fixedly connected with of top cap 2a plurality of exhaust fans 25, the upper end symmetry fixedly connected with of top cap 2 two active carbon filter boxes 1, and active carbon filter box 1 communicates with laboratory 15 and contrast room 16 respectively through exhaust fan 25, forced draught blower 3 and exhaust fan 25 cooperation makes the air in laboratory 15 and contrast room 16 circulate with the external world respectively, adjusts the temperature in the device, before guaranteeing to set up the experiment, and the plant normal growth in the device is filtered to the air in the device of exhaust fan 25 to active carbon filter box 1, avoids the vapor that the evaporation of seawater formed in the device to carry the pollutant and get into in the external air.|[0028] The laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16 are provided with a plurality of light supplementing lamps and lamp holders 24, the lamp holders in the light supplementing lamps and the lamp holders 24 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the top cover 2, the exhaust fan 25 is positioned between two adjacent light supplementing lamps and lamp holders 24, the light supplementing lamps and the lamp holders 24 are used for providing sufficient illumination for plant growth in the device, so that the illumination intensity in the laboratory 15 and the contrast room 16 is the same, and the reliability of the test is improved.|[0029] The bottoms of the laboratory 15 and the control chamber 16 are mounted with a water level sensor 23, and the water level sensor 23 is located on the side of the filter screen 22 remote from the airtight door 13. The water level sensor 23 is used for monitoring the water levels in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, so that the tidal rise and fall amplitude in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 are the same, and the interference of the test is reduced.|[0030] The air detector 17 is a GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor, and the detection data of the GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor is received by an external computer terminal and then displayed by using sensor monitoring software, so that the work of the blower 3, the water inlet pump 10, the drainage pump 11, the light supplementing lamp, the lamp holder 24 and the exhaust fan 25 is controlled, the GPRS wireless temperature and humidity illuminance CO2 integrated sensor enables the air detector 17 to detect the temperature, humidity, illuminance and carbon dioxide content in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, the plant growth environment in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 is convenient to adjust, the growth environment in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 is almost the same, and the test variable is reduced.|[0031] The connection of the high tide beach 18, the medium tide beach 20 and the light beach 21 is an inclined plane, and the inclined plane enables the soil to have a certain gradient and shape, so that the soil is not sunk due to the scouring of the sea water flow simulating the tide and the swell and the fall of the soil caused by the time.|[0032] Seawater with different concentrations of pollutants is respectively stored in the liquid storage tanks 5 matched with the control room 16 and the laboratory 15, the concentration of the seawater pollutants stored in the liquid storage tanks 5 matched with the laboratory 15 is larger than that in the liquid storage tanks 5 matched with the control room 16, the control room 16 simulates the estuary wetland in the existing normal seawater environment, and the laboratory 15 simulates the estuary wetland in the future under the severe marine pollution.|[0033] Working principle:|[0034] During simulation test, a worker opens the airtight door 13 to enter a laboratory 15 and a control room 16, lays surface soil on the surfaces of a platform 19 in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 to form a high tidal flat 18, a medium tidal flat 20 and a light flat 21, plants reed on the high tidal flat 18, plants spartina alterniflora on the surface of the medium tidal flat 20, plants a small amount of spartina alterniflora on the light flat 21, then adds a certain amount of seawater with different pollutant contents to the bottom of the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, which are far away from the airtight door 13, of a filter screen 22, simulates the phenomenon that part of seawater floods the light flat 21 except for rising and falling tide, a light supplementing lamp and a lamp holder 24 provide illumination under the same condition for normal growth of plants in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, simulates light variation under the external natural environment, and after the plants are planted, the air blower 3 works to send the external air into the laboratory 15 and the control room 16, the exhaust blower filters the wet hot air in the laboratory 15 and the control room 16 through an active carbon filter box 1, and then discharges the seawater with different pollutant contents, the seawater is filtered by the active carbon filter box 1 for a period of time, and the carbon storage capacity of the plants and the carbon storage capacity of the laboratory 15 and the carbon storage capacity of the carbon storage is regularly measured and the carbon storage capacity of the plant is estimated; |[0035] The water intake pump 10 is not operated, the water intake pump 10 is respectively connected with the laboratory 15 and the contrast chamber 16 through the first connecting pipe 8 to discharge seawater, so that the water level in the laboratory 15 and the contrast chamber is increased to simulate the flood tide phenomenon, the submerged light beach 21 and part of the middle tide beach 20 or all the middle tide beach 20 are submerged, the water intake pump 10 is not operated, the water intake pump 11 is respectively connected with the laboratory 15 and the contrast chamber 16 through the second connecting pipe 9 to pump seawater into the liquid storage tank 5, so that the water level of the seawater in the device is reduced to simulate the flood tide phenomenon. |[0036] The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model. | Family Number|(114814461)|114814461|Abstract|(CN222952344U U)|The utility model discloses an estuary wetland simulation test device which comprises a simulation box body , the upper end of the simulation box body is fixedly connected with a top cover through an adhesive , the inner wall of the simulation box body is fixedly connected with a partition plate , and the interior of the simulation box body is divided into a laboratory and a contrast chamber by the partition plate at equal intervals . Platforms are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the laboratory and the contrast room , a high tidal flat , a middle tidal flat and a light flat which are sequentially lowered in height are laid at the upper ends of the platforms , air - tight doors are installed at the same side ends of the laboratory and the contrast room , and filter screens are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the laboratory and the contrast room . And air detectors are respectively arranged in the laboratory and the contrast chamber . According to the method , related plants of the estuary wetland are planted in a laboratory and a contrast room , seawater with different pollutant concentrations is injected into the laboratory and the contrast room , fluctuation and ebb of the seawater are simulated every day , and the influence on the carbon sequestration capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious ocean pollution in the future is simulated . | | Analysis of biological materials | G01N-033/24 | G01N-033/24 | GRANTED | (CN222952344)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN222952344)|ALIVE | (CN222952344)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN222952344|Actual or expected expiration date=2035-04-24|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2025-04-24|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202520784426|Application date=2025-04-24|Standardized application number=2025CN-U784426|Event publication date=2025-06-06|Event code=CN/U|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Registered Utility Model|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN222952344|Publication stage code=U|Publication date=2025-06-06|Standardized publication number=CN222952344U|Event publication date=2025-06-06|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN222952344)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=TIBu/CuuJkuwyk4d84D4z6qLeopS8oZMbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077815547&ekey=2174&xpn=CN222952344U&kind=U | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=hs061vAtlffgENojfKhuAbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN222952344)|CN | (CN222952344)|NAME=ZHEJIANG PROVINCE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING RES INSTITUTE , COUNTRY=CN | (CN222952344)|NAME=XUE YAN;BEIJING XINKEHUALING IP SERVICE AGENT , REG=16115 | (CN222952344)|NAME=QIAN LIWEI|NAME=YU DONGFANG|NAME=LIN CHENGMIAO|NAME=CHEN LIJUN|NAME=SONG DIE|NAME=HU QIUCHENG|NAME=XU QINGLIN | Titre: (CN222952344)|Estuary wetland simulation test device Résumé: (CN222952344)|The utility model discloses an estuary wetland simulation test device which comprises a simulation box body, the upper end of the simulation box body is fixedly connected with a top cover through an adhesive, the inner wall of the simulation box body is fixedly connected with a partition plate, and the interior of the simulation box body is divided into a laboratory and a contrast chamber by the partition plate at equal intervals. Platforms are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the laboratory and the contrast room, a high tidal flat, a middle tidal flat and a light flat which are sequentially lowered in height are laid at the upper ends of the platforms, air-tight doors are installed at the same side ends of the laboratory and the contrast room, and filter screens are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the laboratory and the contrast room. And air detectors are respectively arranged in the laboratory and the contrast chamber. According to the method, related plants of the estuary wetland are planted in a laboratory and a contrast room, seawater with different pollutant concentrations is injected into the laboratory and the contrast room, fluctuation and ebb of the seawater are simulated every day, and the influence on the carbon sequestration capacity of the estuary wetland under the condition of serious ocean pollution in the future is simulated. | 76.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a simulation test device for estuary wetlands and carbon sequestration under pollution conditions, without addressing ocean iron fertilization or related nutrient enrichment for phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN222952344)|1 | (CN222952344)|7 | (CN222952344)|8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN222952344)|6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN222952344)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-06-06|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-2302|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10| | (CN222952344)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN222952344U)|Utility model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 87 | CN202310026694 | CN202310026694 | CN116215758|CN116215758 | 105228095 | CN116215758 B 2023-08-18 [CN116215758B]|CN116215758 A 2023-06-06 [CN116215758] | 2023-01-09 | 2023-01-09 | 2023-08-18|2023-06-06 | (CN116215758B)|2023-08-18 | (CN116215758)|2043-01-09 | (CN116215758)|Sea gas carbon flux observation buoy and working method thereof | (CN116215758)|The invention provides an air-sea carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof. The buoy body comprises an above-sea-surface measuring device located on the upper portion of the buoy body, a sealed cabin located in the buoy body, a buoyancy oil bag, an below-sea-surface measuring device located on the upper portion of the buoy body and an anchor chain connected with the bottom end of the below-sea-surface measuring device from top to bottom in sequence. By means of the technical scheme, CO2 concentration changes above the sea surface, on the sea-air interface and below the sea surface can be observed, carbon flux observation between the sea-air interface is achieved, the atmospheric CO2 concentration and the ocean CO2 concentration are associated, high-precision carbon dioxide flux observation is achieved, and the CO2 concentration measurement accuracy is improved. In addition, unattended and long-term in-situ carbon flux observation is realized, so that a technical guarantee is provided for researching the ocean carbon sequestration capability, and the national double-carbon cause is assisted. | CHINA OCEAN UNIVERSITY | (CN116215758)|OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN])|(CN116215758)|OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN]) | JIA YONGGANG|WANG HONGWEI|FU YUTONG|LI YUNHUI|XU YUJIE|SONG JIALI|CONG JINYUE|QIAO YUE|CHEN TIAN | (CN116215758)|Jia Yonggang|Wang Hongwei|Fu Yutong|Li Yunhui|Xu Yujie|Song Jiali|Cong Jinyue|Qiao Yue|Chen Tian|(CN116215758)|JIA YONGGANG|WANG HONGWEI|FU YUTONG|LI YUNHUI|XU YUJIE|SONG JIALI|CONG JINYUE|QIAO YUE|CHEN TIAN | (CN116215758)|ZHANG GUIBIN;JINAN QUANCHENG PATENT & TRADEMARK FIRM|Reg. Nb: 37218 | (CN116215758)|The application is beneficial to the prevention and recovery, is easy to detach and maintain as a whole, has long service life, and can meet the continuous, rapid and densely arranged offshore work demands of a plurality of sea carbon flux observation buoys in a short time.|Climate change is a major problem concerning human survival and development in various countries, and is one of the most serious challenges facing humans in the 21 st century.|In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.| | (CN116215758)|1. The working method of the sea carbon flux observation buoy comprises a buoy body, a seal cabin (2), a buoyancy oil bag (3), a below-sea measuring device (4) and an anchor chain (5), wherein the above-sea measuring device (1) is arranged at the upper part of the buoy body, the seal cabin (2) is arranged in the buoy body and used as a central device, the below-sea measuring device (4) is arranged at the lower part of the buoy body, the anchor chain (5) is connected with the bottom end of the below-sea measuring device (4), and the end of the anchor chain (5) is connected with a fixed anchor (6), and the working method is characterized in that the above-sea measuring device (1) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the seal cabin (2), and the above-sea measuring device (1) comprises a three-dimensional anemometer (1-1) and air CO 2 The device comprises a sensor (1-2), a warning lamp (1-3), a communication antenna (1-4), a solar panel (1-5), a connecting rod (1-6), a supporting frame (1-7) and a circular ring (1-8); three-dimensional anemometer (1-1), air CO 2 The sensor (1-2), the warning lamp (1-3) and the communication antenna (1-4) are arranged at the top of the device and are connected into the sealed cabin (2) through a connecting rod (1-6) which is vertically arranged,the connecting rod (1-6) is fixed in the supporting frame (1-7) through the semicircular ring-shaped piece (7), a circular ring (1-8) is arranged at the upper end of the supporting frame (1-7), the solar cell panel (1-5) is arranged on the outer wall of the supporting frame (1-7), a telescopic supporting rod is arranged between the supporting frame (1-7) and the solar cell panel (1-5), and the inclination angle of the solar cell panel can be adjusted;the subsurface measurement device (4) comprises dissolved CO 2 Sensor (4-1), chlorophyll a sensor (4-2), three-dimensional point type flowmeter (4-3), protection architecture (4-4) include annular groove (4-4-1), outside nested double-deck cross connecting rod (4-4-2) of annular groove (4-4-1), annular groove (4-4-1) and double-deck cross connecting rod (4-4-2) fixed mounting are in sealed cabin (2) outer wall bottom of buoy bottom, anchor chain (5) are fixed in the middle part of double-deck cross connecting rod (4-4-2), dissolve CO 2 The sensor (4-1), the chlorophyll a sensor (4-2) and the three-dimensional point type flowmeter (4-3) are fixedly arranged on the annular groove (4-4-1) so as to protect the measuring device;the sealed cabin (2) is positioned in the hemispherical buoy body, the sealing cover (8) is arranged in the center of the top of the sealed cabin (2), a limiting groove is formed in the sealed cabin (2) and used for fixing the data processing core host (2-1), the observation data acquisition board (2-2), the buoy controller (2-3) and the storage battery (2-4), the data processing core host (2-1), the observation data acquisition board (2-2), the buoy controller (2-3) and the storage battery (2-4) form a buoy circuit integrated design, and the three-dimensional anemometer (1-1) and the air CO are electrically connected 2 The sensor (1-2), the warning lamp (1-3), the communication antenna (1-4), the solar panel (1-5) and the dissolved CO 2 A sensor (4-1), a chlorophyll a sensor (4-2) and a three-dimensional point type flowmeter (4-3);the method specifically comprises the following steps:step S1: the method comprises the steps that a sea carbon flux observation buoy body is connected with a support frame (1-7) and the support frame (1-7) is connected with a solar cell panel (1-5), after sealing of a sealed cabin (2) is completed, when a rear deck A geological cable is lifted, the geological cable is symmetrically connected with a round ring (1-8) at the upper end of the support frame (1-7), after the geological cable is lifted to a certain height, one end of an anchor chain (5) is symmetrically connected with a double-layer cross connecting rod (4-4-2), and the other end of the anchor chain is connected with a fixed anchor (6);step S2: the volume of a buoyancy oil bag (3) in the buoy is adjusted so as to adjust the buoyancy, and the buoy is observed to operate to a set depth for working by the sea gas carbon flux;step S3: when the buoy works, the three-dimensional anemometer (1-1) monitors and records the change of wind speed, and the air CO 2 The sensor (1-2) monitors and records the change of the concentration of the atmospheric carbon dioxide;step S4: three-dimensional point type flowmeter (4-3) for monitoring and recording water flow change and dissolving CO 2 A sensor (4-1) monitors and records the concentration change of the seawater carbon dioxide;step S5: the vorticity correlation method formula is divided into air and dissolved CO 2 The average flux calculation formula: (1)in the method, in the process of the application,is air CO 2 Average flux,/->Is the instantaneous wind speed in the vertical direction, < >>Is air CO 2 Is used for the concentration of the liquid,calculate->And->Can be made higher than 10HzAir CO at frequency and time 2 Measurement of concentration and vertical wind speed to calculate 30min of CO 2 Average flux; (2)in the method, in the process of the application,is to dissolve CO 2 Average flux,/->Is the instantaneous flow rate in the vertical direction, +.>Is to dissolve CO 2 Is used for the concentration of the liquid,calculate->And->Can dissolve CO at high frequency of above 10Hz 2 Measurement of concentration and vertical flow rate to calculate dissolved CO for 30min 2 Average flux,/->Is to dissolve CO 2 Mean flux correction coefficient,/">Is chlorophyll a concentration,/->Is the rate of change of chlorophyll a over time, k is an empirical factor;air CO 2 Sensor (1-2), dissolved CO 2 The sensors (4-1) all meetMonitoring CO 2 The instantaneous concentration c, the three-dimensional anemometer and the three-dimensional point type anemometer (4-3) meet the requirement of monitoring three-dimensional wind speed and three-dimensional flow velocity, and the formula of the vortex correlation method meets the requirement of monitoring CO 2 Vertical flux from atmosphere into the body of water;step S5: the collected data is transmitted to a collection center unit, the collection center transmits the data to a communication unit, and the communication unit transmits the data to an offshore base station or a land base station to complete a data transmission task.| | (CN116215758)|As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the application provides a sea carbon flux observation buoy, wherein a buoy body comprises an above-sea measuring device 1 positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, a sealed cabin 2 positioned in the buoy body and used as a central device, a buoyancy oil bag 3, an under-sea measuring device 4 positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, and an anchor chain 5 connected with the bottom end of the under-sea measuring device 4, wherein the tail end of the anchor chain 5 is connected with a fixed anchor 6, the above-sea measuring device 1 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin 2, and the above-sea measuring device 1 comprises a three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 and air CO _2 The device comprises a sensor 1-2, a warning lamp 1-3, a communication antenna 1-4, a solar panel 1-5, a connecting rod 1-6, a supporting frame 1-7 and a circular ring 1-8; three-dimensional anemometer 1-1, air CO _2 The sensor 1-2, the warning lamp 1-3 and the communication antenna 1-4 are arranged at the top of the device and are connected into the sealed cabin 2 through the connecting rod 1-6 which is vertically arranged, the connecting rod 1-6 is fixed in the supporting frame 1-7 through the semicircular piece 7, the upper end of the supporting frame 1-7 is provided with the circular ring 1-8, the outer wall of the supporting frame 1-7 is provided with the solar panel 1-5, and the supporting frame 1-7 and the solar panel 1-5 are arranged on the outer wall of the supporting frame 1-7A telescopic support rod is arranged between the two solar panels, so that the inclination angle of the solar panels can be adjusted;|The application discloses a real-time sea-air coupling observation buoy system based on Beidou iridium double-star communication, which has the publication number of CN110203333A and is characterized in that turbulence pulsation signals are measured by adopting a vortex correlation method flux measurement module to calculate CO _2 Covariance of concentration pulsation and vertical wind speed pulsation to obtain CO _2 Flux.|The application provides a sea carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof, wherein a buoy body comprises an above-sea measuring device positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, a sealed cabin positioned in the buoy body, a buoyancy oil bag, an under-sea measuring device positioned at the upper part of the buoy body and an anchor chain connected with the bottom end of the under-sea measuring device from top to bottom, and the tail end of the anchor chain is connected with a fixed anchor, so that the CO above the sea, a sea interface and under the sea can be observed through the technical scheme of the application 2 Concentration change, realizing carbon flux observation between sea-gas interfaces and CO atmosphere 2 Concentration and marine CO 2 The concentration is related, the observation of high-precision carbon dioxide flux is realized, and in addition, the unattended and long-term in-situ carbon flux observation is realized, so that technical guarantee is provided for researching the ocean carbon fixation capacity, and the national double-carbon industry is assisted.The application relates to the technical field of sea gas observation, in particular to a sea gas carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof.| | (CN116215758)|OBSERVATION BUOY(100,14)|SEA GAS CARBON(100,6)|SEALED CABIN(91,29)|BUOY(79,36)|ANCHOR CHAIN(76,17)|WARNING LAMP(70,13)|BUOYANCY OIL BAG(69,7)|SEAL CABIN(66,3)|GEOLOGICAL CABLE(58,8)|COMMUNICATION ANTENNA(55,20)|SEA CARBON FLUX(54,10)|CONCENTRATION PULSATION COVARIANCE(54,1)|BUOY CONTROLLER(49,13)|HEMISPHERICAL BUOY(45,3)|BEIDOU IRIDIUM(45,1)|BEIDOU IRIDIUM DOUBLE STAR(45,1)|SOLAR CELL PANEL(43,7)|RESEARCHING OCEAN(42,2)|AVERAGE FLUX(39,12)|CHLOROPHYL(37,14)|SOLAR PANEL(35,19)|TURBULENCE PULSATION SIGNAL(35,1)|THREE DIMENSIONAL ANEMOMETER(33,15)|CONCENTRATION PULSATION(33,1)|SEA GAS OBSERVATION(33,1)|FIXED ANCHOR(32,7)|BUOYANCY OIL BAG VOLUME(32,2)|SEMICIRCULAR PIECE(32,1)|SUPPORTING FRAME(31,14)|TELESCOPING SUPPORT ROD(31,3)|SEAWATER CARBON DIOXIDE(31,1)|PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE(30,2)|OBSERVATION DATA ACQUISITION(27,17)|ANTI COLLISION FENCE(27,6)|CORRECTION COEFFICIENT(27,3)|EMPIRICAL FACTOR(27,3)|COLLECTION CENTER(26,1)|MEASURING MODULE(26,1)|CENTURY(25,1)|BUOY WORK(24,3)|TECHNICAL GUARANTEE(24,2)|CN110203333A(24,1)|BUOYANCY OIL(23,2)|CONNECTING ROD(22,23)|CARBON FLUX OBSERVATION(22,7)|SEA INTERFACE(22,2)|SERVICE LIFE(22,1)|CARBON FLUX(21,34)|FLUX(21,4)|WIND SPEED PULSATION(21,1)|BUOYANCY(20,14)|CIRCULAR RING(20,10)|CHLOROPHYL CHANGE(20,3)|DATA COLLECTION(20,1)|DISSOLVE(20,1)|ANEMOMETER(19,3)|DECK(19,2)|LIMITING GROOVE(19,2)|INCLINATION ANGLE(18,2)|SEALED CABIN TOP(18,2)|ANNULAR GROOVE(17,13)|INSTANTANEOUS WIND SPEED(17,3)|SEA GAS CARBON FLUX(17,3)|SEALING(17,2)|STATISTIC(16,6)|DATA TRANSMISSION TASK(16,3)|PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS(16,3)|UNDERSEA MEASURING DEVICE(16,2)|FIXED FREQUENCY ACQUISITION(16,1)|SEMICIRCULAR RING SHAPED PIECE(16,1)|SUBPACKAGE DATA(16,1)|DATA ACQUISITION(15,22)|DOUBLE DECK CROSS(15,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX(15,2)|CARBON FIXATION CAPACITY(15,2)|NATIONAL DOUBLE CARBON INDUSTRY(15,2)|HUMAN SURVIVAL(15,1)|STORAGE BATTERY(14,10)|ACQUISITION INFORMATION(14,3)|OFFSHORE BASE STATION(14,3)|VORTEX CORRELATION METHOD(14,3)|SUBSURFACE MEASUREMENT DEVICE(14,1)|WIND SPEED(13,9)|SEA(13,8)|MARINE(13,2)|PRELIMINARY PROCESSING(13,2)|EARTH BASE STATION(12,3)|CHANGING CONCENTRATION(12,2)|DEBUGGING(12,2)|DOUBLE STAR(12,1)|CABIN TEMPERATURE(11,3)|PARAMETER SETTING INFORMATION(11,3)|SEA GAS INTERFACE(11,3)|COMMUNICATION UNIT(11,2)|DOUBLE CARBON INDUSTRY(11,2)|BASE STATION(10,12)|CARBON FIXATION(10,2)|INSTANTANEOUS FLOW RATE(10,1)|SUPPORT FRAME(9,16)|OUTER WALL(9,6)|VORTICITY CORRELATION METHOD(9,4)|ANCHOR TAIL END(9,1)|INTERTIDAL ZONECARBON DIOXIDE(9,1)|SEAL CABIN UPPER SURFACE(9,1)|BUOY CIRCUIT INTEGRATED DESIGN(8,3)|MONITORING DATA(8,3)|SEA AIR(8,3)|CLIMATE CHANGE(8,2)|FIXED DATA PROCESSING(8,2)|DECK GEOLOGICAL CABLE(8,1)|TRANSMITTED BACK(8,1)|POINT TYPE FLOWMETER(7,12)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(7,3)|BELOW SEA MEASURING DEVICE(7,3)|SENSOR DATA(7,3)|CORRELATION METHOD(6,7)|SEALED CABIN UPPER SURFACE(6,5)|MEASURING DEVICE PROTECTION(6,3)|RECORDING WATER FLOW CHANGE(6,3)|SET DEPTH(6,3)|FLOW VELOCITY(6,2)|SEA AIR CARBON FLUX(6,2)|MONITORING CHLOROPHYL REQUIREMENT(6,1)|PROMINENT CONTRIBUTION(6,1)|UPPER SURFACE(5,6)|MONITORING SENSOR(5,2)|POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(5,2)|UNDER SEA MEASURING DEVICE(5,2)|BUOYANCY PLATFORM(5,1)|QUANTIFYING ABSORPTION(5,1)|RESTRICTING EVALUATION(5,1)|TECHNICAL BOTTLE NECK(5,1)|TIDAL ZONE WETLAND(5,1)|DATA PROCESSING(4,9)|POSITION INFORMATION(4,3)|SEAWATER(4,3)|STORAGE BATTERY PACK(4,3)|TAIL END(4,3)|ACCUMULATOR BATTERY(4,1)|ACCURATE OBSERVATION(4,1)|FRAME GEOLOGICAL CABLE(4,1)|INFRARED GAS ANALYZER(4,1)|NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|OCEAN CARBON FLUX OBSERVATION(4,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(4,1)|TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(4,1)|UNITED STATES INTERGOVERNMENT(4,1)|ABOVE SEA MEASURING DEVICE(3,8)|MU MOL(3,4)|DATA CHANNEL(3,3)|THREE DIMENSIONAL WIND SPEED(3,3)|FIX FREQUENCY ACQUISITION(3,2)|ENVIRONMENT INTERFERENCE(3,1)|HIGH FREQUENCY(3,1)|SEALING LID(3,1)|WET STATE(3,1)||(CN116215758)|BUOY(100,34)|SEALED CABIN(100,34)|OBSERVATION BUOY(100,13)|SEA GAS CARBON(100,6)|WARNING LAMP(61,13)|BUOYANCY OIL BAG(54,7)|COMMUNICATION ANTENNA(48,20)|SOLAR CELL PANEL(47,10)|CONCENTRATION PULSATION COVARIANCE(47,1)|BUOY CONTROLLER(44,11)|BEIDOU IRIDIUM(40,1)|HEMISPHERICAL BUOY(39,3)|BEIDOU IRIDIUM DOUBLE STAR(39,1)|SEA CARBON FLUX(38,9)|RESEARCHING OCEAN(37,2)|BOTTOMAN ANCHOR(37,1)|ANCHOR CHAIN(36,15)|TELESCOPING SUPPORT ROD(35,3)|TURBULENCE PULSATION SIGNAL(30,1)|CONCENTRATION PULSATION(29,1)|SEA GAS OBSERVATION(29,1)|SEMICIRCULAR PIECE(28,1)|BOTTOMTHE(27,1)|PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE(26,2)|THREE DIMENSIONAL ANEMOMETER(25,15)|SUPPORTING FRAME(25,13)|OBSERVATION DATA ACQUISITION(24,16)|CARBON FLUX OBSERVATION(23,8)|ANTI COLLISION FENCE(23,6)|CENTURY(22,1)|MEASURING MODULE(22,1)|STORAGE BATTERY PACK(21,6)|TECHNICAL GUARANTEE(21,2)|CN110203333A(21,1)|LIMITING GROOVE(21,1)|BUOYANCY(20,16)|SOLAR PANEL(20,15)|BUOYANCY OIL(20,2)|SEA INTERFACE(20,2)|CONNECTING ROD(19,23)|FIXED ANCHOR(19,6)|SERVICE LIFE(19,1)|DISSOLVE(18,1)|WIND SPEED PULSATION(18,1)|CARBON FLUX(17,35)|BUOYANCY OIL BAG VOLUME(17,2)|INCLINATION ANGLE(16,2)|SEALED CABIN TOP(16,2)|CO2 DISSOLUTION(16,1)|ANNULAR GROOVE(15,13)|CIRCULAR RING(15,10)|CORRECTION COEFFICIENT(15,3)|EMPIRICAL FACTOR(15,3)|SEAWATER CARBON DIOXIDE(15,1)|STATISTIC(14,6)|FLUX(14,4)|BUOY WORK(14,3)|PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS(14,3)|AIR AVERAGE FLUX CALCULATION(14,1)|FIXED FREQUENCY ACQUISITION(14,1)|SEMICIRCULAR RING SHAPED PIECE(14,1)|SUBPACKAGE DATA(14,1)|DATA ACQUISITION(13,21)|DOUBLE DECK CROSS(13,6)|SEALING(13,3)|CARBON FIXATION CAPACITY(13,2)|NATIONAL DOUBLE CARBON INDUSTRY(13,2)|COLLECTION CENTER(13,1)|HUMAN SURVIVAL(13,1)|ACQUISITION INFORMATION(12,3)|SUBSURFACE MEASUREMENT DEVICE(12,1)|MEASURING DEVICE(11,26)|SEA(11,7)|BAG(11,6)|CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX(11,6)|MARINE(11,2)|PRELIMINARY PROCESSING(11,2)|SEA GAS INTERFACE(11,2)|DOUBLE STAR(11,1)|SURROUND(11,1)|PARAMETER SETTING INFORMATION(10,3)|CHANGING CONCENTRATION(10,2)|DEBUGGING(10,2)|DOUBLE CARBON INDUSTRY(10,2)|SEA GAS CARBON FLUX(10,2)|DATA COLLECTION(10,1)|UNDERSEA MEASURING DEVICE(10,1)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE(9,3)|CABIN TEMPERATURE(9,3)|DATA TRANSMISSION TASK(9,3)|INSTANTANEOUS WIND SPEED(9,3)|VORTEX CORRELATION METHOD(9,3)|CARBON FIXATION(9,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(8,13)|SEALED CABIN UPPER SURFACE(8,6)|MU MOL(7,5)|SEA AIR(7,4)|BUOY CIRCUIT INTEGRATED DESIGN(7,3)|INSTANTANEOUS FLOW VELOCITY(7,3)|MONITORING DATA(7,3)|OFFSHORE BASE STATION(7,3)|CLIMATE CHANGE(7,2)|FIXED DATA PROCESSING(7,2)|ANCHOR TAIL END(7,1)|DECK GEOLOGICAL CABLE(7,1)|TRANSMITTED BACK(7,1)|OUTER WALL(6,5)|EARTH BASE STATION(6,3)|SENSOR DATA(6,3)|SEA SURFACE(5,20)|SUPPORT FRAME(5,16)|POINT TYPE FLOWMETER(5,12)|MEASURING DEVICE PROTECTION(5,3)|COMMUNICATION UNIT(5,2)|PROMINENT CONTRIBUTION(5,1)|DATA PROCESSING(4,8)|CORRELATION METHOD(4,7)|UPPER SURFACE(4,6)|VORTICITY CORRELATION METHOD(4,4)|SEA AIR CARBON FLUX(4,3)|MONITORING SENSOR(4,2)|POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(4,2)|TAIL END(4,2)|BUOYANCY PLATFORM(4,1)|INTERTIDAL ZONE WETLAND(4,1)|QUANTIFYING ABSORPTION(4,1)|RESTRICTING EVALUATION(4,1)|TECHNICAL BOTTLE NECK(4,1)|POSITION INFORMATION(3,3)|SET DEPTH(3,3)|FIX FREQUENCY ACQUISITION(3,2)|UNDER SEA SURFACE(3,2)|ACCUMULATOR BATTERY(3,1)|ACCURATE OBSERVATION(3,1)|BOTTOM END(3,1)|FRAME GEOLOGICAL CABLE(3,1)|INFRARED GAS ANALYZER(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON FLUX OBSERVATION(3,1)|OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY(3,1)|SEALED CABINTHE(3,1)|TECHNICAL PROPOSAL(3,1)|UNDERSEA SURFACE MEASURING DEVICE(3,1)|UNITED STATES INTERGOVERNMENT(3,1)| | (CN116215758)|1. The working method of the sea carbon flux observation buoy comprises a buoy body, a seal cabin (2), a buoyancy oil bag (3), a below-sea measuring device (4) and an anchor chain (5), wherein the above-sea measuring device (1) is arranged at the upper part of the buoy body, the seal cabin (2) is arranged in the buoy body and used as a central device, the below-sea measuring device (4) is arranged at the lower part of the buoy body, the anchor chain (5) is connected with the bottom end of the below-sea measuring device (4), and the end of the anchor chain (5) is connected with a fixed anchor (6), and the working method is characterized in that the above-sea measuring device (1) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the seal cabin (2), and the above-sea measuring device (1) comprises a three-dimensional anemometer (1-1) and air CO 2 The device comprises a sensor (1-2), a warning lamp (1-3), a communication antenna (1-4), a solar panel (1-5), a connecting rod (1-6), a supporting frame (1-7) and a circular ring (1-8); three-dimensional anemometer (1-1), air CO 2 The sensor (1-2), the warning lamp (1-3) and the communication antenna (1-4) are arranged at the top of the device and are connected into the sealed cabin (2) through a connecting rod (1-6) which is vertically arranged,the connecting rod (1-6) is fixed in the supporting frame (1-7) through the semicircular ring-shaped piece (7), a circular ring (1-8) is arranged at the upper end of the supporting frame (1-7), the solar cell panel (1-5) is arranged on the outer wall of the supporting frame (1-7), a telescopic supporting rod is arranged between the supporting frame (1-7) and the solar cell panel (1-5), and the inclination angle of the solar cell panel can be adjusted;|the subsurface measurement device (4) comprises dissolved CO 2 Sensor (4-1), chlorophyll a sensor (4-2), three-dimensional point type flowmeter (4-3), protection architecture (4-4) include annular groove (4-4-1), outside nested double-deck cross connecting rod (4-4-2) of annular groove (4-4-1), annular groove (4-4-1) and double-deck cross connecting rod (4-4-2) fixed mounting are in sealed cabin (2) outer wall bottom of buoy bottom, anchor chain (5) are fixed in the middle part of double-deck cross connecting rod (4-4-2), dissolve CO 2 The sensor (4-1), the chlorophyll a sensor (4-2) and the three-dimensional point type flowmeter (4-3) are fixedly arranged on the annular groove (4-4-1) so as to protect the measuring device;|the sealed cabin (2) is positioned in the hemispherical buoy body, the sealing cover (8) is arranged in the center of the top of the sealed cabin (2), a limiting groove is formed in the sealed cabin (2) and used for fixing the data processing core host (2-1), the observation data acquisition board (2-2), the buoy controller (2-3) and the storage battery (2-4), the data processing core host (2-1), the observation data acquisition board (2-2), the buoy controller (2-3) and the storage battery (2-4) form a buoy circuit integrated design, and the three-dimensional anemometer (1-1) and the air CO are electrically connected 2 The sensor (1-2), the warning lamp (1-3), the communication antenna (1-4), the solar panel (1-5) and the dissolved CO 2 A sensor (4-1), a chlorophyll a sensor (4-2) and a three-dimensional point type flowmeter (4-3);|the method specifically comprises the following steps:|step S1: the method comprises the steps that a sea carbon flux observation buoy body is connected with a support frame (1-7) and the support frame (1-7) is connected with a solar cell panel (1-5), after sealing of a sealed cabin (2) is completed, when a rear deck A geological cable is lifted, the geological cable is symmetrically connected with a round ring (1-8) at the upper end of the support frame (1-7), after the geological cable is lifted to a certain height, one end of an anchor chain (5) is symmetrically connected with a double-layer cross connecting rod (4-4-2), and the other end of the anchor chain is connected with a fixed anchor (6);|step S2: the volume of a buoyancy oil bag (3) in the buoy is adjusted so as to adjust the buoyancy, and the buoy is observed to operate to a set depth for working by the sea gas carbon flux;|step S3: when the buoy works, the three-dimensional anemometer (1-1) monitors and records the change of wind speed, and the air CO 2 The sensor (1-2) monitors and records the change of the concentration of the atmospheric carbon dioxide;|step S4: three-dimensional point type flowmeter (4-3) for monitoring and recording water flow change and dissolving CO 2 A sensor (4-1) monitors and records the concentration change of the seawater carbon dioxide;|step S5: the vorticity correlation method formula is divided into air and dissolved CO 2 The average flux calculation formula:| (1)|in the method, in the process of the application,is air CO 2 Average flux,/->Is the instantaneous wind speed in the vertical direction, < >>Is air CO 2 Is used for the concentration of the liquid,calculate->And->Can be made higher than 10HzAir CO at frequency and time 2 Measurement of concentration and vertical wind speed to calculate 30min of CO 2 Average flux;| (2)|in the method, in the process of the application,is to dissolve CO 2 Average flux,/->Is the instantaneous flow rate in the vertical direction, +.>Is to dissolve CO 2 Is used for the concentration of the liquid,calculate->And->Can dissolve CO at high frequency of above 10Hz 2 Measurement of concentration and vertical flow rate to calculate dissolved CO for 30min 2 Average flux,/->Is to dissolve CO 2 Mean flux correction coefficient,/">Is chlorophyll a concentration,/->Is the rate of change of chlorophyll a over time, k is an empirical factor;|air CO 2 Sensor (1-2), dissolved CO 2 The sensors (4-1) all meetMonitoring CO 2 The instantaneous concentration c, the three-dimensional anemometer and the three-dimensional point type anemometer (4-3) meet the requirement of monitoring three-dimensional wind speed and three-dimensional flow velocity, and the formula of the vortex correlation method meets the requirement of monitoring CO 2 Vertical flux from atmosphere into the body of water;|step S5: the collected data is transmitted to a collection center unit, the collection center transmits the data to a communication unit, and the communication unit transmits the data to an offshore base station or a land base station to complete a data transmission task.|2. The working method of the sea carbon flux observation buoy according to claim 1, wherein the above-sea measuring device (1) further comprises an anti-collision fence (1-9), the anti-collision fence (1-9) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin (2) and surrounds the outer side of the supporting frame (1-7).|3. The working method of the sea carbon flux observation buoy according to claim 1, wherein a buoyancy oil bag (3) is arranged inside the buoy body and below the sealed cabin (2), and the buoyancy oil bag (3) is communicated with the bottom of the buoy body.|4. A working method of a sea-air carbon flux observation buoy according to claim 3, characterized in that the data processing core host (2-1) performs parameter setting on an observation data acquisition board (2-2), performs preliminary processing and statistics on acquired data, stores parameter setting information and acquisition information in a self-contained manner, and performs setting, debugging and detection on a buoy controller (2-3); the observation data acquisition board (2-2) is connected with each sensor through a corresponding data channel, constant frequency acquisition, statistics and storage are carried out on sensor data, and each 30 minutes of subpackage data are sent to the base station by the communication antenna (1-4) and transmitted back to the user side; the buoy controller (2-3) monitors cabin temperature and position information of the buoy, transmits monitoring data to the data processing core host (2-1) for preliminary analysis, and transmits the data to the base station from the communication antenna every 30 minutes to be transmitted back to the user side; setting the working time length of the warning lamp (1-3); the storage battery (2-4) and the solar panel (1-5) provide power for the buoy to continuously work for a long time, and the power supply system comprises the storage battery (2-4) and the solar panel (1-5). | (CN116215758)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The application relates to the technical field of sea gas observation, in particular to a sea gas carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Since 1960, global CO 2 The concentration increased from 280ppm to 410ppm, and the united states inter-government climate change committee (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) indicated "the next 20 years will be at a temperature of 1.5 degrees celsius". Climate change is a major problem concerning human survival and development in various countries, and is one of the most serious challenges facing humans in the 21 st century.|[0003] The ocean is used as the largest carbon reservoir on the earth, can continuously absorb and fixedly convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and can reduce CO in the atmosphere 2 Content and stable climate change have a prominent contribution. In the vertical direction, CO in the atmosphere 2 Is transferred to the ocean by sea-gas interaction, dissolved CO in the ocean 2 Is immobilized in the ocean by biological absorption and sedimentation, and the total amount of carbon passing through unit area in unit time in the vertical direction is defined as carbon flux, and the carbon flux can be used for quantifying the absorption of atmospheric CO by the ocean 2 And (3) assessing the carbon sequestration capacity of the ocean.|[0004] At present, the observation method of ocean carbon flux mainly comprises remote sensing, a box method, a direct measurement method and the like, and the remote sensing observation method is used for observing atmospheric CO 2 The change of the content is used for calculating the carbon flux, and the ocean CO can not be directly observed 2 Content and observation are easily affected by weather; the box method observation precision is greatly influenced by a measuring instrument, the measuring range is small, and the system error is large; direct measurement cannot be used for long-term in situ carbon flux observation. Therefore, the conventional ocean carbon flux observation equipment cannot realize long-term in-situ, high-resolution and carbon flux observation between the vertical interfaces of the sea and the gas.|[0005] Currently, observation devices for carbon flux focus mainly on carbon flux measurements between the atmosphere and the soil and between the atmosphere and the water meter layer. As disclosed in CN104535522A, the application is named as a wet land CO in intertidal zone 2 Flux measuring device and measuring method thereof, discloses a tidal zone wetland CO 2 Flux measuring device and measuring method thereof, and infrared gas analyzer is adopted to measure CO in carbon flux gas chamber 2 The change of the concentration along with the time can obtain the humidity of the atmosphere and the intertidal zoneCarbon dioxide flux between grounds. However, the device only measures the carbon flux in the closed air chamber, and the carbon flux in the environment is changed for a long time, so that the device ignores the interference of the external environment and has a certain limitation. The application discloses a real-time sea-air coupling observation buoy system based on Beidou iridium double-star communication, which has the publication number of CN110203333A and is characterized in that turbulence pulsation signals are measured by adopting a vortex correlation method flux measurement module to calculate CO 2 Covariance of concentration pulsation and vertical wind speed pulsation to obtain CO 2 Flux. However, the device only measures the carbon flux between the atmosphere and the sea surface, ignores the change of the carbon flux in the sea water, and has certain limitation.|[0006] Therefore, the existing observation equipment does not consider the carbon flux change of the sea-gas two-phase medium, the obtained carbon flux data is quite controversial, the accurate observation of sea-gas carbon flux can not be realized, and the technical bottleneck for restricting the evaluation of sea carbon fixing capacity and the development of sea carbon fixing potential is formed.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the application provides a sea carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof, which can observe CO above sea surface, sea-air interface and below sea surface 2 Concentration change, realizing carbon flux observation between sea-gas interfaces and CO atmosphere 2 Concentration and marine CO 2 The concentration is related, the observation of high-precision carbon dioxide flux is realized, and in addition, the unattended and long-term in-situ carbon flux observation is realized, so that technical guarantee is provided for researching the ocean carbon fixation capacity, and the national double-carbon industry is assisted.|[0008] The application is realized by the following technical scheme: the buoy body comprises an above-sea surface measuring device positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, a sealed cabin positioned in the buoy body, a buoyancy oil bag, an under-sea surface measuring device positioned at the upper part of the buoy body and an anchor chain connected with the bottom end of the under-sea surface measuring device from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the tail end of the anchor chain is connected with a fixed anchor, the above-sea surface measuring device is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin,the measuring device above the sea surface comprises a three-dimensional anemometer and air CO 2 The device comprises a sensor, a warning lamp, a communication antenna, a solar panel, a connecting rod, a support frame and a circular ring; three-dimensional anemometer and air CO 2 The sensor, the warning lamp and the communication antenna are arranged at the top of the device and are connected into the sealed cabin through a vertically installed connecting rod, the connecting rod is fixed in the support frame through a semicircular ring part, a circular ring is arranged at the upper end of the support frame, a solar cell panel is installed on the outer wall of the support frame, and a telescopic support rod and a support frame are arranged between the support frame and the solar cell panel;|[0009] the measuring device below the sea surface comprises dissolved CO 2 Sensor, chlorophyll a sensor, three-dimensional point type flowmeter, protection architecture include annular groove, annular groove outside nested double-deck cross connecting rod, annular groove and double-deck cross connecting rod fixed mounting are in the sealed cabin outer wall bottom of buoy bottom, and the anchor chain is fixed in the middle part of double-deck cross connecting rod, dissolves CO 2 The sensor, the chlorophyll a sensor and the three-dimensional point type flowmeter are fixedly arranged on the annular groove so as to protect the measuring device;|[0010] the sealed cabin is positioned in the hemispherical buoy body, the sealing cover is arranged at the center of the top of the sealed cabin, the limiting groove is arranged in the sealed cabin and used for fixing the data processing core host, the observation data acquisition board, the buoy controller and the storage battery, and the data processing core host, the observation data acquisition board, the buoy controller and the storage battery form a buoy circuit integrated design, and are electrically connected with the three-dimensional anemometer and the air CO 2 Sensor, warning lamp, communication antenna, solar panel and dissolved CO 2 A sensor, a chlorophyll a sensor and a three-dimensional point type flowmeter.|[0011] As a preferable scheme, a buoyancy oil bag is arranged inside the buoy body and below the sealed cabin, and is communicated with the bottom of the buoy body, so that oil is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag, and the buoyancy of the buoy is increased; oil is pumped out of the buoyancy oil bag, so that the buoyancy of the buoy is reduced, and the buoy hovers at a certain water depth.|[0012] As the preferable scheme, the measuring device above the sea surface further comprises an anti-collision fence, wherein the anti-collision fence is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin and surrounds the outer side of the supporting frame.|[0013] As a preferred scheme, the data processing core host sets parameters of an observation data acquisition board, performs primary processing and statistics on acquired data, stores parameter setting information and acquisition information in a self-contained mode, and sets, debugges and detects a buoy controller; the observation data acquisition board is connected with each sensor through a corresponding data channel, performs fixed-frequency acquisition, statistics and storage on sensor data, and transmits the data in each 30 minutes to the base station through the communication antenna to be transmitted back to the user side; the buoy controller monitors cabin temperature and position information of the buoy, transmits monitoring data to the data processing core host for preliminary analysis, and transmits the data to the base station from the communication antenna every 30 minutes to be transmitted back to the user side; setting the working time length of the warning lamp; the storage battery pack and the solar panel provide power for long-term continuous operation of the buoy, and the power supply system consists of the storage battery pack and the solar panel.|[0014] The working method of the sea gas carbon flux observation buoy specifically comprises the following steps:|[0015] step S1: the method comprises the steps that a sea carbon flux observation buoy body, a support frame and a support frame are connected with a solar cell panel, after sealing of a sealed cabin is completed, when a rear deck A frame geological cable is lifted, the geological cable is symmetrically connected with a circular ring at the upper end of the support frame, after the geological cable is lifted to a certain height, one end of an anchor chain is symmetrically connected with a double-layer cross connecting rod, and the other end of the anchor chain is connected with a fixed anchor;|[0016] step S2: the volume of a buoyancy oil bag in the buoy is adjusted so as to adjust the buoyancy, so that the sea gas carbon flux observation buoy operates to a set depth for working;|[0017] step S3: when the buoy works, the three-dimensional anemometer monitors and records the change of wind speed, and air CO 2 The sensor monitors and records the change of the concentration of the atmospheric carbon dioxide;|[0018] step S4: three-dimensional point type flowmeter for monitoring and recording water flow change and dissolving CO 2 The sensor monitors and records the change of the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the seawater.|[0019] Step S5: the vorticity correlation method formula is divided into air and dissolved CO 2 The average flux calculation formula:|[0020] (1)|[0021] in the method, in the process of the application,(μmol·m -2 s -1 ) Is air CO 2 Average flux (typically 30min average),>is the instantaneous wind speed (m.s) -1 ),Is air CO 2 Instantaneous concentration (mu mol.m) -3 ),Calculate->And->Is capable of high frequency measurement (above 10 Hz) of air CO 2 Concentration and vertical wind speed to calculate 30min of CO 2 Average flux.|[0022] (2)|[0023] In the method, in the process of the application,(μmol·m -2 s -1 ) Is to dissolve CO 2 Average flux (typically 30min average),>is the instantaneous flow velocity (m.s) -1 ),Is to dissolve CO 2 Instantaneous concentration (mu mol.m) -3 ),Calculate->And->Can carry out high-frequency measurement (more than 10 Hz) of dissolved CO 2 Concentration and vertical flow rate to calculate 30min of dissolved CO 2 Average flux,/->Is to dissolve CO 2 Mean flux correction coefficient,/">Is chlorophyll a concentration,/->Is the rate of change of chlorophyll a over time, and k is an empirical factor.|[0024] Air CO 2 Sensor, dissolved CO 2 The sensors all meet the requirement of monitoring CO 2 The instantaneous concentration c, the three-dimensional anemometer and the three-dimensional point type anemometer of the system meet the requirements of monitoring three-dimensional wind speed and three-dimensional flow speed, the chlorophyll a sensor meets the requirements of monitoring chlorophyll a concentration, and the formula of the method meets the requirements of monitoring CO through a vorticity correlation method 2 Vertical flux from atmosphere into the body of water;|[0025] step S5: the acquired data are transmitted to an observation data acquisition board, the observation data acquisition board transmits the data to a communication antenna, and the communication antenna transmits the data to an offshore base station or a land base station to complete a data transmission task.|[0026] The application adopts the technical proposal, and compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:|[0027] 1. according to the application, by carrying the on-water and underwater carbon flux observation equipment, the monitoring of the carbon dioxide flux of the sea-gas interface is realized, and long-term in-situ carbon flux observation and real-time transmission are realized by means of solar panels, storage battery power supply and 4G network wireless transmission, so that technical support is provided for sea-gas carbon flux related research, and the development of the national 'double carbon' related industry is assisted.|[0028] 2. According to the application, the buoy is used as an instrument carrying platform, so that the device can observe at different positions of the ocean, and the observation of the carbon dioxide flux of the ocean in different horizontal sections is realized, and the distribution rule of the carbon dioxide flux of the ocean horizontal section is obtained.|[0029] 3. The application is beneficial to the prevention and recovery, is easy to detach and maintain as a whole, has long service life, and can meet the continuous, rapid and densely arranged offshore work demands of a plurality of sea carbon flux observation buoys in a short time.|[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the application.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0031] The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:|[0032] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;|[0033] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present application;|[0034] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the present application;|[0035] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a buoyancy platform according to the present application;|[0036] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the capsule structure of the present application;|[0037] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the underwater measuring device of the present application;|[0038] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the underwater measuring device of the present application;|[0039] figure 8 is a flow chart of the design of the buoy circuit of the present application,|[0040] wherein, the correspondence between the reference numerals and the components in fig. 1 to 7 is:|[0041] 1 sea surface above measuring device, 1-1 three-dimensional anemometer, 1-2 air CO 2 The sensor, 1-3 warning lamp, 1-4 communication antenna, 1-5 solar panel, 1-6 connecting rod, 1-7 support frame, 1-8 circular ring, 2 sealed cabin, 2-1 host, 2-2 observation data acquisition board, 2-3 buoy controller, 2-4 accumulator battery, 3 buoyancy oil bag, 4 measuring device under sea surface, 4-1 dissolved CO 2 The sensor, 4-2 chlorophyll a sensor, 4-3 three-dimensional point type flowmeter, 4-4 protection structure, 4-4-1 annular groove, 4-4-2 double-layer cross connecting rod, 5 anchor chain, 6 anchor, 7 semicircle ring type spare, 8 sealed lid.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0042] In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.|[0043] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.|[0044] The following describes a sea-air carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to fig. 1 to 6.|[0045] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the application provides a sea carbon flux observation buoy, wherein a buoy body comprises an above-sea measuring device 1 positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, a sealed cabin 2 positioned in the buoy body and used as a central device, a buoyancy oil bag 3, an under-sea measuring device 4 positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, and an anchor chain 5 connected with the bottom end of the under-sea measuring device 4, wherein the tail end of the anchor chain 5 is connected with a fixed anchor 6, the above-sea measuring device 1 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin 2, and the above-sea measuring device 1 comprises a three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 and air CO 2 The device comprises a sensor 1-2, a warning lamp 1-3, a communication antenna 1-4, a solar panel 1-5, a connecting rod 1-6, a supporting frame 1-7 and a circular ring 1-8; three-dimensional anemometer 1-1, air CO 2 The sensor 1-2, the warning lamp 1-3 and the communication antenna 1-4 are arranged at the top of the device and are connected into the sealed cabin 2 through the connecting rod 1-6 which is vertically arranged, the connecting rod 1-6 is fixed in the supporting frame 1-7 through the semicircular piece 7, the upper end of the supporting frame 1-7 is provided with the circular ring 1-8, the outer wall of the supporting frame 1-7 is provided with the solar panel 1-5, and the supporting frame 1-7 and the solar panel 1-5 are arranged on the outer wall of the supporting frame 1-7A telescopic support rod is arranged between the two solar panels, so that the inclination angle of the solar panels can be adjusted;|[0046] as shown in fig. 6, the below-sea surface measuring device 4 comprises dissolved CO 2 The sensor 4-1, the chlorophyll a sensor 4-2, the three-dimensional point type flowmeter 4-3 and the protection structure 4-4 are shown in fig. 7, the protection structure 4-4 comprises an annular groove 4-4-1, a double-layer cross connecting rod 4-4-2 is nested outside the annular groove 4-4-1, the annular groove 4-4-1 and the double-layer cross connecting rod 4-4-2 are fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the outer wall of the sealed cabin 2 at the bottom of a buoy, an anchor chain 5 is fixed at the middle part of the double-layer cross connecting rod 4-4-2, and CO is dissolved 2 The sensor 4-1, the chlorophyll a sensor 4-2 and the three-dimensional point type flowmeter 4-3 are fixedly arranged on the annular groove 4-4-1 to protect the measuring device;|[0047] as shown in FIG. 5, the sealed cabin 2 is located inside the hemispherical buoy body, the top center of the sealed cabin 2 is provided with a sealing cover 8, a limit groove is arranged in the sealed cabin 2 for fixing a data processing core host 2-1, an observation data acquisition board 2-2, a buoy controller 2-3 and a storage battery pack 2-4, the data processing core host 2-1, the observation data acquisition board 2-2, the buoy controller 2-3 and the storage battery pack 2-4 form a buoy circuit integrated design, and the three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 and the air CO are electrically connected 2 Sensor 1-2, warning lamp 1-3, communication antenna 1-4, solar panel 1-5, and dissolved CO 2 Sensor 4-1, chlorophyll a sensor 4-2 and three-dimensional point-type flowmeter 4-3.|[0048] The measuring device 1 above the sea surface further comprises an anti-collision fence 1-9, wherein the anti-collision fence 1-9 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin 2 and is arranged on the outer side of the supporting frame 1-7 in a surrounding mode.|[0049] As shown in fig. 2, a buoyancy oil bag 3 is arranged inside the buoy body and below the sealed cabin 2, the buoyancy oil bag 3 is communicated with the bottom of the buoy body, oil is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag 3, and the buoyancy of the buoy is increased; oil is pumped out of the buoyancy oil bag 3, so that the buoyancy of the buoy is reduced, and the buoy hovers at a certain water depth.|[0050] As shown in fig. 8, the data processing core host 2-1 performs parameter setting on the observation data acquisition board 2-2, performs preliminary processing and statistics on acquired data, stores parameter setting information and acquisition information in a self-contained manner, and performs setting, debugging and detection on the buoy controller 2-3; the observation data acquisition board 2-2 is connected with each sensor through a corresponding data channel, performs fixed-frequency acquisition, statistics and storage on sensor data, and transmits the data in each 30 minutes to the base station through the communication antenna 1-4 for transmission back to the user side; the buoy controller 2-3 monitors cabin temperature and position information of the buoy, transmits monitoring data to the data processing core host 2-1 for preliminary analysis, and transmits the data to the base station through the communication antenna every 30 minutes to be transmitted back to the user side; setting the working time length of the warning lamp 1-3; the storage battery pack 2-4 and the solar panel 1-5 provide power for the buoy to continuously work for a long time, and the power supply system consists of the storage battery pack 2-4 and the solar panel 1-5.|[0051] The working method of the sea gas carbon flux observation buoy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|[0052] step S1: the method comprises the steps of connecting a sea carbon flux observation buoy body with a support frame 1-7 and connecting the support frame 1-7 with a solar panel 1-5, after sealing a sealed cabin 2, symmetrically connecting the geological cable with a circular ring 1-8 at the upper end of the support frame 1-7 when a geological cable of a rear deck A is lifted, symmetrically connecting one end of an anchor chain 5 with a double-layer cross connecting rod 4-4-2 after the geological cable is lifted for a certain height, and connecting the other end of the anchor chain with a fixed anchor 6;|[0053] step S2: the volume of the buoyancy oil bag 3 in the buoy is adjusted so as to adjust the buoyancy, so that the sea gas carbon flux observation buoy operates to a set depth for working;|[0054] step S3: when the buoy works, the three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 monitors and records the change of wind speed, and air CO 2 The sensor 1-2 monitors and records the change of the concentration of the atmospheric carbon dioxide;|[0055] step S4: three-dimensional point type flowmeter 4-3 for monitoring and recording water flow change and dissolving CO 2 The sensor 4-1 monitors and records the change of the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the seawater.|[0056] Step S5: the vorticity correlation method formula is divided into air and dissolved CO 2 The average flux calculation formula:|[0057] (1)|[0058] in the method, in the process of the application,(μmol·m -2 s -1 ) Is air CO 2 Average flux (typically 30min average),>is the instantaneous wind speed (m.s) -1 ),Is air CO 2 Instantaneous concentration (mu mol.m) -3 ),Calculate->And->Is capable of high frequency measurement (above 10 Hz) of air CO 2 Concentration and vertical wind speed to calculate 30min of CO 2 Average flux.|[0059] (2)|[0060] In the method, in the process of the application,(μmol·m -2 s -1 ) Is to dissolve CO 2 Average flux (typically 30min average),>is the instantaneous flow velocity (m.s) -1 ),Is to dissolve CO 2 Instantaneous concentration (mu mol.m) -3 ),Calculate->And->Can carry out high-frequency measurement (more than 10 Hz) of dissolved CO 2 Concentration and vertical flow rate to calculate 30min of dissolved CO 2 Average flux,/->Is to dissolve CO 2 Mean flux correction coefficient,/">Is chlorophyll a concentration,/->Is the rate of change of chlorophyll a over time, and k is an empirical factor.|[0061] Air CO 2 Sensor 1-2, dissolved CO 2 The sensors 4-1 all meet the requirement of monitoring CO 2 The three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 and the three-dimensional point type anemometer 4-3 meet the requirement of monitoring three-dimensional wind speed and three-dimensional flow velocity, and the formula of the vortex correlation method is adopted to meet the requirement of monitoring CO 2 Vertical flux from atmosphere into the body of water;|[0062] step S5: the acquired data are transmitted to the observation data acquisition board 2-2, the observation data acquisition board 2-2 transmits the data to the communication antenna 1-4, and the communication antenna 1-4 transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to complete the data transmission task.|[0063] In the description of the present application, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application; the terms "coupled," "mounted," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally connected, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.|[0064] In the description of the present specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "particular embodiments," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.|[0065] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. | (CN116215758)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The application relates to the technical field of sea gas observation, in particular to a sea gas carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Since 1960, global CO 2 The concentration increased from 280ppm to 410ppm, and the united states inter-government climate change committee (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) indicated "the next 20 years will be at a temperature of 1.5 degrees celsius". Climate change is a major problem concerning human survival and development in various countries, and is one of the most serious challenges facing humans in the 21 st century.|[0003] The ocean is used as the largest carbon reservoir on the earth, can continuously absorb and fixedly convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and can reduce CO in the atmosphere 2 Content and stable climate change have a prominent contribution. In the vertical direction, CO in the atmosphere 2 Is transferred to the ocean by sea-gas interaction, dissolved CO in the ocean 2 Is immobilized in the ocean by biological absorption and sedimentation, and the total amount of carbon passing through unit area in unit time in the vertical direction is defined as carbon flux, and the carbon flux can be used for quantifying the absorption of atmospheric CO by the ocean 2 And (3) assessing the carbon sequestration capacity of the ocean.|[0004] At present, the observation method of ocean carbon flux mainly comprises remote sensing, a box method, a direct measurement method and the like, and the remote sensing observation method is used for observing atmospheric CO 2 The change of the content is used for calculating the carbon flux, and the ocean CO can not be directly observed 2 Content and observation are easily affected by weather; the box method observation precision is greatly influenced by a measuring instrument, the measuring range is small, and the system error is large; direct measurement cannot be used for long-term in situ carbon flux observation. Therefore, the conventional ocean carbon flux observation equipment cannot realize long-term in-situ, high-resolution and carbon flux observation between the vertical interfaces of the sea and the gas.|[0005] Currently, observation devices for carbon flux focus mainly on carbon flux measurements between the atmosphere and the soil and between the atmosphere and the water meter layer. As disclosed in CN104535522A, the application is named as a wet land CO in intertidal zone 2 Flux measuring device and measuring method thereof, discloses a tidal zone wetland CO 2 Flux measuring device and measuring method thereof, and infrared gas analyzer is adopted to measure CO in carbon flux gas chamber 2 The change of the concentration along with the time can obtain the humidity of the atmosphere and the intertidal zoneCarbon dioxide flux between grounds. However, the device only measures the carbon flux in the closed air chamber, and the carbon flux in the environment is changed for a long time, so that the device ignores the interference of the external environment and has a certain limitation. The application discloses a real-time sea-air coupling observation buoy system based on Beidou iridium double-star communication, which has the publication number of CN110203333A and is characterized in that turbulence pulsation signals are measured by adopting a vortex correlation method flux measurement module to calculate CO 2 Covariance of concentration pulsation and vertical wind speed pulsation to obtain CO 2 Flux. However, the device only measures the carbon flux between the atmosphere and the sea surface, ignores the change of the carbon flux in the sea water, and has certain limitation.|[0006] Therefore, the existing observation equipment does not consider the carbon flux change of the sea-gas two-phase medium, the obtained carbon flux data is quite controversial, the accurate observation of sea-gas carbon flux can not be realized, and the technical bottleneck for restricting the evaluation of sea carbon fixing capacity and the development of sea carbon fixing potential is formed.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the application provides a sea carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof, which can observe CO above sea surface, sea-air interface and below sea surface 2 Concentration change, realizing carbon flux observation between sea-gas interfaces and CO atmosphere 2 Concentration and marine CO 2 The concentration is related, the observation of high-precision carbon dioxide flux is realized, and in addition, the unattended and long-term in-situ carbon flux observation is realized, so that technical guarantee is provided for researching the ocean carbon fixation capacity, and the national double-carbon industry is assisted.|[0008] The application is realized by the following technical scheme: the buoy body comprises an above-sea surface measuring device positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, a sealed cabin positioned in the buoy body, a buoyancy oil bag, an under-sea surface measuring device positioned at the upper part of the buoy body and an anchor chain connected with the bottom end of the under-sea surface measuring device from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the tail end of the anchor chain is connected with a fixed anchor, the above-sea surface measuring device is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin,the measuring device above the sea surface comprises a three-dimensional anemometer and air CO 2 The device comprises a sensor, a warning lamp, a communication antenna, a solar panel, a connecting rod, a support frame and a circular ring; three-dimensional anemometer and air CO 2 The sensor, the warning lamp and the communication antenna are arranged at the top of the device and are connected into the sealed cabin through a vertically installed connecting rod, the connecting rod is fixed in the support frame through a semicircular ring part, a circular ring is arranged at the upper end of the support frame, a solar cell panel is installed on the outer wall of the support frame, and a telescopic support rod and a support frame are arranged between the support frame and the solar cell panel;|[0009] the measuring device below the sea surface comprises dissolved CO 2 Sensor, chlorophyll a sensor, three-dimensional point type flowmeter, protection architecture include annular groove, annular groove outside nested double-deck cross connecting rod, annular groove and double-deck cross connecting rod fixed mounting are in the sealed cabin outer wall bottom of buoy bottom, and the anchor chain is fixed in the middle part of double-deck cross connecting rod, dissolves CO 2 The sensor, the chlorophyll a sensor and the three-dimensional point type flowmeter are fixedly arranged on the annular groove so as to protect the measuring device;|[0010] the sealed cabin is positioned in the hemispherical buoy body, the sealing cover is arranged at the center of the top of the sealed cabin, the limiting groove is arranged in the sealed cabin and used for fixing the data processing core host, the observation data acquisition board, the buoy controller and the storage battery, and the data processing core host, the observation data acquisition board, the buoy controller and the storage battery form a buoy circuit integrated design, and are electrically connected with the three-dimensional anemometer and the air CO 2 Sensor, warning lamp, communication antenna, solar panel and dissolved CO 2 A sensor, a chlorophyll a sensor and a three-dimensional point type flowmeter.|[0011] As a preferable scheme, a buoyancy oil bag is arranged inside the buoy body and below the sealed cabin, and is communicated with the bottom of the buoy body, so that oil is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag, and the buoyancy of the buoy is increased; oil is pumped out of the buoyancy oil bag, so that the buoyancy of the buoy is reduced, and the buoy hovers at a certain water depth.|[0012] As the preferable scheme, the measuring device above the sea surface further comprises an anti-collision fence, wherein the anti-collision fence is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin and surrounds the outer side of the supporting frame.|[0013] As a preferred scheme, the data processing core host sets parameters of an observation data acquisition board, performs primary processing and statistics on acquired data, stores parameter setting information and acquisition information in a self-contained mode, and sets, debugges and detects a buoy controller; the observation data acquisition board is connected with each sensor through a corresponding data channel, performs fixed-frequency acquisition, statistics and storage on sensor data, and transmits the data in each 30 minutes to the base station through the communication antenna to be transmitted back to the user side; the buoy controller monitors cabin temperature and position information of the buoy, transmits monitoring data to the data processing core host for preliminary analysis, and transmits the data to the base station from the communication antenna every 30 minutes to be transmitted back to the user side; setting the working time length of the warning lamp; the storage battery pack and the solar panel provide power for long-term continuous operation of the buoy, and the power supply system consists of the storage battery pack and the solar panel.|[0014] The working method of the sea gas carbon flux observation buoy specifically comprises the following steps:|[0015] step S1: the method comprises the steps that a sea carbon flux observation buoy body, a support frame and a support frame are connected with a solar cell panel, after sealing of a sealed cabin is completed, when a rear deck A frame geological cable is lifted, the geological cable is symmetrically connected with a circular ring at the upper end of the support frame, after the geological cable is lifted to a certain height, one end of an anchor chain is symmetrically connected with a double-layer cross connecting rod, and the other end of the anchor chain is connected with a fixed anchor;|[0016] step S2: the volume of a buoyancy oil bag in the buoy is adjusted so as to adjust the buoyancy, so that the sea gas carbon flux observation buoy operates to a set depth for working;|[0017] step S3: when the buoy works, the three-dimensional anemometer monitors and records the change of wind speed, and air CO 2 The sensor monitors and records the change of the concentration of the atmospheric carbon dioxide;|[0018] step S4: three-dimensional point type flowmeter for monitoring and recording water flow change and dissolving CO 2 The sensor monitors and records the change of the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the seawater.|[0019] Step S5: the vorticity correlation method formula is divided into air and dissolved CO 2 The average flux calculation formula:|[0020] (1)|[0021] in the method, in the process of the application,(μmol·m -2 s -1 ) Is air CO 2 Average flux (typically 30min average),>is the instantaneous wind speed (m.s) -1 ),Is air CO 2 Instantaneous concentration (mu mol.m) -3 ),Calculate->And->Is capable of high frequency measurement (above 10 Hz) of air CO 2 Concentration and vertical wind speed to calculate 30min of CO 2 Average flux.|[0022] (2)|[0023] In the method, in the process of the application,(μmol·m -2 s -1 ) Is to dissolve CO 2 Average flux (typically 30min average),>is the instantaneous flow velocity (m.s) -1 ),Is to dissolve CO 2 Instantaneous concentration (mu mol.m) -3 ),Calculate->And->Can carry out high-frequency measurement (more than 10 Hz) of dissolved CO 2 Concentration and vertical flow rate to calculate 30min of dissolved CO 2 Average flux,/->Is to dissolve CO 2 Mean flux correction coefficient,/">Is chlorophyll a concentration,/->Is the rate of change of chlorophyll a over time, and k is an empirical factor.|[0024] Air CO 2 Sensor, dissolved CO 2 The sensors all meet the requirement of monitoring CO 2 The instantaneous concentration c, the three-dimensional anemometer and the three-dimensional point type anemometer of the system meet the requirements of monitoring three-dimensional wind speed and three-dimensional flow speed, the chlorophyll a sensor meets the requirements of monitoring chlorophyll a concentration, and the formula of the method meets the requirements of monitoring CO through a vorticity correlation method 2 Vertical flux from atmosphere into the body of water;|[0025] step S5: the acquired data are transmitted to an observation data acquisition board, the observation data acquisition board transmits the data to a communication antenna, and the communication antenna transmits the data to an offshore base station or a land base station to complete a data transmission task.|[0026] The application adopts the technical proposal, and compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:|[0027] 1. according to the application, by carrying the on-water and underwater carbon flux observation equipment, the monitoring of the carbon dioxide flux of the sea-gas interface is realized, and long-term in-situ carbon flux observation and real-time transmission are realized by means of solar panels, storage battery power supply and 4G network wireless transmission, so that technical support is provided for sea-gas carbon flux related research, and the development of the national 'double carbon' related industry is assisted.|[0028] 2. According to the application, the buoy is used as an instrument carrying platform, so that the device can observe at different positions of the ocean, and the observation of the carbon dioxide flux of the ocean in different horizontal sections is realized, and the distribution rule of the carbon dioxide flux of the ocean horizontal section is obtained.|[0029] 3. The application is beneficial to the prevention and recovery, is easy to detach and maintain as a whole, has long service life, and can meet the continuous, rapid and densely arranged offshore work demands of a plurality of sea carbon flux observation buoys in a short time.|[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the application.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0031] The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:|[0032] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;|[0033] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present application;|[0034] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the present application;|[0035] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a buoyancy platform according to the present application;|[0036] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the capsule structure of the present application;|[0037] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the underwater measuring device of the present application;|[0038] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the underwater measuring device of the present application;|[0039] figure 8 is a flow chart of the design of the buoy circuit of the present application,|[0040] wherein, the correspondence between the reference numerals and the components in fig. 1 to 7 is:|[0041] 1 sea surface above measuring device, 1-1 three-dimensional anemometer, 1-2 air CO 2 The sensor, 1-3 warning lamp, 1-4 communication antenna, 1-5 solar panel, 1-6 connecting rod, 1-7 support frame, 1-8 circular ring, 2 sealed cabin, 2-1 host, 2-2 observation data acquisition board, 2-3 buoy controller, 2-4 accumulator battery, 3 buoyancy oil bag, 4 measuring device under sea surface, 4-1 dissolved CO 2 The sensor, 4-2 chlorophyll a sensor, 4-3 three-dimensional point type flowmeter, 4-4 protection structure, 4-4-1 annular groove, 4-4-2 double-layer cross connecting rod, 5 anchor chain, 6 anchor, 7 semicircle ring type spare, 8 sealed lid.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0042] In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.|[0043] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.|[0044] The following describes a sea-air carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to fig. 1 to 6.|[0045] As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the application provides a sea carbon flux observation buoy, wherein a buoy body comprises an above-sea measuring device 1 positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, a sealed cabin 2 positioned in the buoy body and used as a central device, a buoyancy oil bag 3, an under-sea measuring device 4 positioned at the upper part of the buoy body, and an anchor chain 5 connected with the bottom end of the under-sea measuring device 4, wherein the tail end of the anchor chain 5 is connected with a fixed anchor 6, the above-sea measuring device 1 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin 2, and the above-sea measuring device 1 comprises a three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 and air CO 2 The device comprises a sensor 1-2, a warning lamp 1-3, a communication antenna 1-4, a solar panel 1-5, a connecting rod 1-6, a supporting frame 1-7 and a circular ring 1-8; three-dimensional anemometer 1-1, air CO 2 The sensor 1-2, the warning lamp 1-3 and the communication antenna 1-4 are arranged at the top of the device and are connected into the sealed cabin 2 through the connecting rod 1-6 which is vertically arranged, the connecting rod 1-6 is fixed in the supporting frame 1-7 through the semicircular piece 7, the upper end of the supporting frame 1-7 is provided with the circular ring 1-8, the outer wall of the supporting frame 1-7 is provided with the solar panel 1-5, and the supporting frame 1-7 and the solar panel 1-5 are arranged on the outer wall of the supporting frame 1-7A telescopic support rod is arranged between the two solar panels, so that the inclination angle of the solar panels can be adjusted;|[0046] as shown in fig. 6, the below-sea surface measuring device 4 comprises dissolved CO 2 The sensor 4-1, the chlorophyll a sensor 4-2, the three-dimensional point type flowmeter 4-3 and the protection structure 4-4 are shown in fig. 7, the protection structure 4-4 comprises an annular groove 4-4-1, a double-layer cross connecting rod 4-4-2 is nested outside the annular groove 4-4-1, the annular groove 4-4-1 and the double-layer cross connecting rod 4-4-2 are fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the outer wall of the sealed cabin 2 at the bottom of a buoy, an anchor chain 5 is fixed at the middle part of the double-layer cross connecting rod 4-4-2, and CO is dissolved 2 The sensor 4-1, the chlorophyll a sensor 4-2 and the three-dimensional point type flowmeter 4-3 are fixedly arranged on the annular groove 4-4-1 to protect the measuring device;|[0047] as shown in FIG. 5, the sealed cabin 2 is located inside the hemispherical buoy body, the top center of the sealed cabin 2 is provided with a sealing cover 8, a limit groove is arranged in the sealed cabin 2 for fixing a data processing core host 2-1, an observation data acquisition board 2-2, a buoy controller 2-3 and a storage battery pack 2-4, the data processing core host 2-1, the observation data acquisition board 2-2, the buoy controller 2-3 and the storage battery pack 2-4 form a buoy circuit integrated design, and the three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 and the air CO are electrically connected 2 Sensor 1-2, warning lamp 1-3, communication antenna 1-4, solar panel 1-5, and dissolved CO 2 Sensor 4-1, chlorophyll a sensor 4-2 and three-dimensional point-type flowmeter 4-3.|[0048] The measuring device 1 above the sea surface further comprises an anti-collision fence 1-9, wherein the anti-collision fence 1-9 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sealed cabin 2 and is arranged on the outer side of the supporting frame 1-7 in a surrounding mode.|[0049] As shown in fig. 2, a buoyancy oil bag 3 is arranged inside the buoy body and below the sealed cabin 2, the buoyancy oil bag 3 is communicated with the bottom of the buoy body, oil is pumped into the buoyancy oil bag 3, and the buoyancy of the buoy is increased; oil is pumped out of the buoyancy oil bag 3, so that the buoyancy of the buoy is reduced, and the buoy hovers at a certain water depth.|[0050] As shown in fig. 8, the data processing core host 2-1 performs parameter setting on the observation data acquisition board 2-2, performs preliminary processing and statistics on acquired data, stores parameter setting information and acquisition information in a self-contained manner, and performs setting, debugging and detection on the buoy controller 2-3; the observation data acquisition board 2-2 is connected with each sensor through a corresponding data channel, performs fixed-frequency acquisition, statistics and storage on sensor data, and transmits the data in each 30 minutes to the base station through the communication antenna 1-4 for transmission back to the user side; the buoy controller 2-3 monitors cabin temperature and position information of the buoy, transmits monitoring data to the data processing core host 2-1 for preliminary analysis, and transmits the data to the base station through the communication antenna every 30 minutes to be transmitted back to the user side; setting the working time length of the warning lamp 1-3; the storage battery pack 2-4 and the solar panel 1-5 provide power for the buoy to continuously work for a long time, and the power supply system consists of the storage battery pack 2-4 and the solar panel 1-5.|[0051] The working method of the sea gas carbon flux observation buoy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:|[0052] step S1: the method comprises the steps of connecting a sea carbon flux observation buoy body with a support frame 1-7 and connecting the support frame 1-7 with a solar panel 1-5, after sealing a sealed cabin 2, symmetrically connecting the geological cable with a circular ring 1-8 at the upper end of the support frame 1-7 when a geological cable of a rear deck A is lifted, symmetrically connecting one end of an anchor chain 5 with a double-layer cross connecting rod 4-4-2 after the geological cable is lifted for a certain height, and connecting the other end of the anchor chain with a fixed anchor 6;|[0053] step S2: the volume of the buoyancy oil bag 3 in the buoy is adjusted so as to adjust the buoyancy, so that the sea gas carbon flux observation buoy operates to a set depth for working;|[0054] step S3: when the buoy works, the three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 monitors and records the change of wind speed, and air CO 2 The sensor 1-2 monitors and records the change of the concentration of the atmospheric carbon dioxide;|[0055] step S4: three-dimensional point type flowmeter 4-3 for monitoring and recording water flow change and dissolving CO 2 The sensor 4-1 monitors and records the change of the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the seawater.|[0056] Step S5: the vorticity correlation method formula is divided into air and dissolved CO 2 The average flux calculation formula:|[0057] (1)|[0058] in the method, in the process of the application,(μmol·m -2 s -1 ) Is air CO 2 Average flux (typically 30min average),>is the instantaneous wind speed (m.s) -1 ),Is air CO 2 Instantaneous concentration (mu mol.m) -3 ),Calculate->And->Is capable of high frequency measurement (above 10 Hz) of air CO 2 Concentration and vertical wind speed to calculate 30min of CO 2 Average flux.|[0059] (2)|[0060] In the method, in the process of the application,(μmol·m -2 s -1 ) Is to dissolve CO 2 Average flux (typically 30min average),>is the instantaneous flow velocity (m.s) -1 ),Is to dissolve CO 2 Instantaneous concentration (mu mol.m) -3 ),Calculate->And->Can carry out high-frequency measurement (more than 10 Hz) of dissolved CO 2 Concentration and vertical flow rate to calculate 30min of dissolved CO 2 Average flux,/->Is to dissolve CO 2 Mean flux correction coefficient,/">Is chlorophyll a concentration,/->Is the rate of change of chlorophyll a over time, and k is an empirical factor.|[0061] Air CO 2 Sensor 1-2, dissolved CO 2 The sensors 4-1 all meet the requirement of monitoring CO 2 The three-dimensional anemometer 1-1 and the three-dimensional point type anemometer 4-3 meet the requirement of monitoring three-dimensional wind speed and three-dimensional flow velocity, and the formula of the vortex correlation method is adopted to meet the requirement of monitoring CO 2 Vertical flux from atmosphere into the body of water;|[0062] step S5: the acquired data are transmitted to the observation data acquisition board 2-2, the observation data acquisition board 2-2 transmits the data to the communication antenna 1-4, and the communication antenna 1-4 transmits the data to the offshore base station or the land base station to complete the data transmission task.|[0063] In the description of the present application, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application; the terms "coupled," "mounted," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally connected, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.|[0064] In the description of the present specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "particular embodiments," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.|[0065] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. | Family Number|(105228095)|105228095|Abstract|(CN116215758B B)|The invention provides an air - sea carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof . The buoy body comprises an above - sea - surface measuring device located on the upper portion of the buoy body , a sealed cabin located in the buoy body , a buoyancy oil bag , an below - sea - surface measuring device located on the upper portion of the buoy body and an anchor chain connected with the bottom end of the below - sea - surface measuring device from top to bottom in sequence . By means of the technical scheme , CO2 concentration changes above the sea surface , on the sea - air interface and below the sea surface can be observed , carbon flux observation between the sea - air interface is achieved , the atmospheric CO2 concentration and the ocean CO2 concentration are associated , high - precision carbon dioxide flux observation is achieved , and the CO2 concentration measurement accuracy is improved . In addition , unattended and long - term in - situ carbon flux observation is realized , so that a technical guarantee is provided for researching the ocean carbon sequestration capability , and the national double - carbon cause is assisted . | | Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy|Measurement|Telecommunications|Transport | B63B-022/00|B63B-022/04|B63B-2022/006|G01D-021/02|G08C-017/02|H02J-007/35 | B63B-022/00|B63B-022/04|B63B-2022/006|G01D-021/02|G08C-017/02|H02J-007/35 | B63B-022/00|B63B-022/04|G01D-021/02|G08C-017/02|H02J-007/35 | B63B-022/00|B63B-022/04|G01D-021/02|G08C-017/02|H02J-007/35 | CN113525614|US20220044545|CN113212660|CN110562391|CN110203333|CN110182318|CN208264504U|CN106945787|CN106353838|CN103770911|CN2890954U | CN113525614 96576182 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20220044545 91396246 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|CN113212660 95533134 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN110562391 86958566 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN110203333 85940318 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN110182318 85855348 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN208264504U 82664598 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN106945787 76765194 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN106353838 75234383 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN103770911 65420680 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN2890954U 6266947 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | CN103770911; CN110203333; CN106353838; CN113212660; CN110182318; CN2890954U; CN110562391; CN106945787; CN208264504U; CN113525614; US20220044545 | GRANTED | (CN116215758)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN116215758)|ALIVE | (CN116215758)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN116215758|Actual or expected expiration date=2043-01-09|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2023-01-09|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202310026694|Application date=2023-01-09|Standardized application number=2023CN-0026694|Event publication date=2023-06-06|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116215758|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-06-06|Standardized publication number=CN116215758|Event publication date=2023-06-06|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-06-23|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2023-08-18|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN116215758|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2023-08-18|Standardized publication number=CN116215758B|Event publication date=2023-08-18|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN116215758)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoSclq4o0wyVihj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000069160787&ekey=2432&xpn=CN116215758B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=CWS451wpUYAVuGbRfUDGp7msLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN116215758)|CN|(CN116215758)|CN | (CN116215758)|NAME=OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN|(CN116215758)|NAME=OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN | (CN116215758)|NAME=ZHANG GUIBIN;JINAN QUANCHENG PATENT & TRADEMARK FIRM , REG=37218|(CN116215758)|NAME=ZHANG GUIBIN;JINAN QUANCHENG PATENT & TRADEMARK FIRM , REG=37218 | (CN116215758)|NAME=Jia Yonggang|NAME=Wang Hongwei|NAME=Fu Yutong|NAME=Li Yunhui|NAME=Xu Yujie|NAME=Song Jiali|NAME=Cong Jinyue|NAME=Qiao Yue|NAME=Chen Tian|(CN116215758)|NAME=JIA YONGGANG|NAME=WANG HONGWEI|NAME=FU YUTONG|NAME=LI YUNHUI|NAME=XU YUJIE|NAME=SONG JIALI|NAME=CONG JINYUE|NAME=QIAO YUE|NAME=CHEN TIAN | Titre: (CN116215758)|Sea gas carbon flux observation buoy and working method thereof Résumé: (CN116215758)|The invention provides an air-sea carbon flux observation buoy and a working method thereof. The buoy body comprises an above-sea-surface measuring device located on the upper portion of the buoy body, a sealed cabin located in the buoy body, a buoyancy oil bag, an below-sea-surface measuring device located on the upper portion of the buoy body and an anchor chain connected with the bottom end of the below-sea-surface measuring device from top to bottom in sequence. By means of the technical scheme, CO2 concentration changes above the sea surface, on the sea-air interface and below the sea surface can be observed, carbon flux observation between the sea-air interface is achieved, the atmospheric CO2 concentration and the ocean CO2 concentration are associated, high-precision carbon dioxide flux observation is achieved, and the CO2 concentration measurement accuracy is improved. In addition, unattended and long-term in-situ carbon flux observation is realized, so that a technical guarantee is provided for researching the ocean carbon sequestration capability, and the national double-carbon cause is assisted. | 77.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a buoy for measuring carbon flux and CO2 concentrations, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 11.0 | 0.0 | (CN116215758)|1 | (CN116215758)|3 | (CN116215758)|4|(CN116215758)|5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN116215758)|8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN116215758)|Number of Claims: NCL=4|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-08-18|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-3302|Number of Pages: NPAGES=13|Primary examiner: 陈岚|Primary examiner: Chen Lan||(CN116215758)|Number of Claims: NCL=5|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-06-06|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-2301|Number of Pages: NPAGES=13|Primary examiner: 陈岚|Primary examiner: Chen Lan| | (CN116215758)|Previous publication: CN116215758 A 2023-06-06 [CN116215758] | (CN116215758)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN116215758B)|Patent|(CN116215758)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 88 | CN202211407441 | CN202211407441 | CN115653608|CN115653608 | 103670886 | CN115653608 B 2023-06-16 [CN115653608B]|CN115653608 A 2023-01-31 [CN115653608] | 2022-11-09 | 2022-11-09 | 2023-06-16|2023-01-31 | (CN115653608B)|2023-06-16 | (CN115653608)|2042-11-09 | (CN115653608)|Deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device and method based on carbon dioxide | (CN115653608)|The invention discloses a deep-sea mining plume restraining and sealing device based on carbon dioxide, and belongs to the technical field of ocean equipment, the deep-sea mining plume restraining and sealing device comprises a plume collecting unit, a pumping pipe set, a separating and settling unit and a solidifying and discharging unit, the plume collecting unit comprises two anti-overflow covers and a pumping inner pipe, and the two anti-overflow covers are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode. And the suction inner pipe is arranged in the anti-overflow cover and is connected with the pump suction pipe group. The solidification discharge unit comprises a solidification precipitation bin, a conveying mechanism and two high-pressure injection assemblies, and the two high-pressure injection assemblies are oppositely arranged in the solidification precipitation bin and connected with a CO2 storage tank pipeline on the mining vehicle. The separating and settling unit comprises a plurality of hydrocyclones which are connected in sequence; and the pumping pipe group is connected with the curing and settling bin through the hydrocyclones. The invention further discloses a plume restraining and sealing method for deep-sea mining. The anti-overflow cover is large in plume collecting area and high in efficiency, plume diffusion is well reduced, rapid sedimentation of plume is achieved, and the purposes of plume treatment and carbon sequestration are achieved. | CHINA OCEAN UNIVERSITY | (CN115653608)|OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN])|(CN115653608)|OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA ([CN]) | GAO XINGZHENG|CHEN XUGUANG|LIU XUELIN|SUN GUODONG | (CN115653608)|GAO XINGZHENG|CHEN XUGUANG|LIU XUELIN|SUN GUODONG|(CN115653608)|GAO XINGZHENG|CHEN XUGUANG|LIU XUELIN|SUN GUODONG | (CN115653608)|HE ZHAOFEI;QINGDAO ZHONGZHIYUAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 37355 | (CN115653608)|Accordingly, there is a need in the art for further improvements and enhancements.|Once the deep sea plume is diffused, the particle size is extremely small, so that the deep sea plume is extremely difficult to settle, the spreading range can reach thousands of kilometers, and the suspension duration can last for decades.|The environment is complex in topography, and has the characteristics of high pressure, low temperature and the like because the depth is more than thousands of meters.| | (CN115653608)|1. The deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device based on carbon dioxide is characterized by comprising a plume collecting unit, a pumping pipe group, a separation sedimentation unit and a solidification discharge unit, wherein the plume collecting unit comprises two anti-overflow covers and two pumping inner pipes, and the two anti-overflow covers are symmetrically arranged above a crawler belt of a mining vehicle;the suction inner tube is arranged in the overflow prevention cover, one end of the suction inner tube penetrates out of the overflow prevention cover and is connected with the pumping tube group, and a plurality of diversion holes which can be used for allowing plumes to enter the suction inner tube are formed in the overflow prevention cover;the solidification discharge unit is positioned below the separation sedimentation unit and comprises a solidification sedimentation bin, a conveying mechanism and a high-pressure injection assembly, wherein a discharge port is formed in the rear side of the bottom of the solidification sedimentation bin, and the conveying mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the solidification sedimentation bin;the high-pressure jet assemblies are arranged on the inner side wall of the solidification and precipitation bin oppositely and are arranged on CO on the mining vehicle 2 The storage tank is connected with a pipeline;the separation sedimentation unit comprises a plurality of hydrocyclones which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of the pumping pipe group is connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone, and the lower port of each hydrocyclone is communicated with the top of the solidification sedimentation bin.| | (CN115653608)|The invention also discloses a deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing method.|The invention discloses a carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device, which belongs to the technical field of marine equipment and comprises a plume collecting unit, a pumping pipe group, a separation sedimentation unit and a solidification discharge unit, wherein the plume collecting unit comprises two anti-overflow covers and two pumping inner pipes, and the anti-overflow covers are symmetrically arranged left and right.|The invention relates to the technical field of marine equipment, in particular to a deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device and method based on carbon dioxide.| | (CN115653608)|DEEPSEA MINING(100,29)|DEEPSEA MINING PLUME(100,27)|INHIBITION(100,17)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,11)|SOLIDIFICATION SEDIMENTATION BIN(99,10)|PLUME COLLECTING(65,6)|OVERFLOW PREVENTION(49,3)|SEPARATION SEDIMENTATION(47,17)|MINING VEHICLE CRAWLER BELT(47,1)|MINING VEHICLE(45,35)|HYDROCYCLONE ASSEMBLING(43,3)|ANTIOVERFLOW COVER(41,31)|PRECIPITATION BIN(38,26)|DIVERSION HOLE ASSEMBLING(37,6)|SOLIDIFICATION SUB PIXEL(36,7)|DEEP SEA PLUME(34,2)|PUMPING PIPE GROUP(32,5)|DIVERSION HOLE(31,8)|PLUME RAPID SEDIMENTATION(31,1)|MARINE EQUIPMENT(30,2)|CRAWLER BELT(29,1)|SOLIDIFYING BIN(29,1)|HYDROCYCLONE PORT(28,7)|SOLIDIFICATION SEDIMENTATION BIN BOTTOM(26,2)|PRECIPITATING BIN(23,1)|PLUME(22,36)|SOLIDIFICATION SEDIMENTATION BIN TOP(20,3)|INNER PIPE(19,2)|KILOMETER(19,1)|SUSPENSION DURATION(19,1)|CONVEYING PIPE(18,4)|SUPPORTING MOTHER SHIP(18,1)|CONVEYING BELT(17,6)|PIPELINE(16,8)|DIVERSION CHANNEL(16,7)|REST HYDROCYCLONE(15,5)|CATERPILLAR BAND(14,2)|METER(14,1)|SOLIDIFICATION PRECIPITATION BIN TOP(14,1)|SUB PIXEL PORT(13,8)|PUMPING MAIN PIPE(13,7)|TOPOGRAPHY(13,1)|SUCTION INNER TUBE(12,15)|DRIVEN PULLEY(12,7)|OVERFLOW PORT(12,7)|STRIP HOLE ASSEMBLING(12,3)|MONOMER TANK(12,2)|DECADE(12,1)|SYMMETRICALLY ARRANGED LEFT(12,1)|PUMPING POSITION(11,6)|DRIVING PULLEY WHEEL SHAFT(11,2)|STORAGE TANK(10,24)|SLURRY(10,8)|DISCHARGE(10,1)|SPREAD RANGE(10,1)|CONNECTING PIPE REDUCTION(9,18)|CONVEYER BELT(9,5)|DELIVERY PIPE(9,4)|WATER OUTLET(9,3)|SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE(8,15)|UPPER ARC PLATE(8,9)|PRESSURIZING(8,3)|PRESSURE JET NOZZLE(8,2)|CENTRIFUGAL PUMP(7,9)|SOLIDIFICATION BOTTOM(7,5)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,2)|MULTISTAGE HYDROCYCLONE(7,2)|APART RELATIONSHIP(7,1)|INPUT PIPE(6,3)|LINEAR SEQUENCE(6,3)|ADJACENT NEXT HYDROCYCLONE(6,2)|PLUME RAPID SETTLEMENT(6,2)|MINE CAR CRAWLER(6,1)|MINING CAR CRAWLER(6,1)|MINING VEHICLE DISTURBANCE SLUDGE(6,1)|MINING VEHICLE WALKING DISTURBANCE(6,1)|MULTIMETAL ORE COLLECTION(6,1)|ANTIOVERFLOW COVER TOP(5,3)|ANTIOVERFLOW INNER WALL(5,3)|DOUBLE WING(5,3)|LONG SLAT(5,3)|PLUME COLLECTION(5,2)|PLUME DIFFUSION(5,2)|REDUCING CONNECTING PIPE PORT(5,2)|VALVE PLATE ASSEMBLING(5,2)|SUBMARINE SOFT SEDIMENT(5,1)|UPPER PORT(4,3)|CRAWLER LENGTH DIRECTION(4,2)|ABUNDANCE TREND(4,1)|ENVELOPED SILT(4,1)|INHIBITION CONTAINMENT(4,1)|INHIBITION SEQUESTRATION(4,1)|LARGE COLLECTING AREA(4,1)|PUMPING BRANCH PIPE ASSEMBLING(4,1)|SALT ELECTROLYTE ADHESIVE GRAIN(4,1)|SEABED SLUDGE(4,1)|SOLIDIFICATION SEDIMENTATION STOREHOUSE BOTTOM(4,1)|SUBMARINE ORGANISM(4,1)|TURBID SEAWATER(4,1)|PARTICLE SIZE(3,2)|POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP(3,2)|STRUCTURE INTEGRATION(3,2)|ADOPTING PURGING(3,1)|ANTIOVERFLOW COVER TANK(3,1)|DEEP SEA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|DEEP SEA ORGANISM(3,1)|DEEP SEA SEDIMENT(3,1)|DEEPSEA MINING VEHICLE(3,1)|DESTRUCTIVE STRIKING(3,1)|NEXT HYDROCYCLONE INLET PIPELINE(3,1)|OFFSHORE SOIL(3,1)|ORE TEMPORARY STORAGE BIN(3,1)|PLUME PERIPHERY(3,1)|PLUME TREATMENT DIFFICULTY(3,1)|PUMPING BRANCH TUBE(3,1)|PUMPING PLUME(3,1)|SOFT MUD(3,1)|SOLIDIFICATION EMANATION(3,1)|STEP FOUR(3,1)|SUCTION PIPELINE(3,1)|TREATING PLUME(3,1)|VOLCANIC SUBSTANCE(3,1)|HIGH PRESSURE SPRAYING(2,8)|AWAY(2,3)|CRAWLER OUTER SIDE(2,3)|SOLIDIFICATION INNER SIDE WALL(2,3)|SUCTION INNER END(2,3)|HIGH PRESSURE INJECTION(2,2)|PUMPING INNER END(2,2)|CEMENTATION(2,1)|JET NOZZLE ASSEMBLING(2,1)|PLUMESTHE COLLECTING AREA(2,1)|POLYMETALLIC NODULE(2,1)|SEMIBURIED(2,1)|SEPARATED SEAWATER(2,1)|SEPARATED SILT(2,1)|SETTLED SOLID(2,1)|STEP THREE(2,1)|WALKING CARRIER(2,1)|ABUNDANCE VALUE(1,1)||(CN115653608)|DEEPSEA MINING(100,29)|DEEPSEA MINING PLUME(100,26)|INHIBITION(100,15)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,9)|PLUME COLLECTING(67,6)|SEDIMENTATION BIN(60,11)|DEEP SEA PLUME(43,3)|MINING VEHICLE(41,30)|ANTIOVERFLOW COVER(40,8)|SOLIDIFICATION PRECIPITATION BIN(40,5)|PRECIPITATION BIN(39,26)|SUCTION INNER(38,21)|ANTIOVERFLOW GUIDE(35,26)|SEDIMENTATION(33,15)|SOLIDIFICATION(31,30)|MARINE EQUIPMENT(31,2)|HYDROCYCLONE(30,16)|HYDROCYCLONE PORT(29,7)|MINING VEHICLE ORE COLLECTION(29,1)|MINING VEHICLE CRAWLER(28,7)|SOLIDIFICATION DISCHARGE(28,5)|SEQUESTRATION(27,9)|PUMP SUCTION PIPE(26,18)|PRIMARY HYDROCYCLONE(25,11)|PRIMARY HYDROCYCLONE INLET(25,6)|PLUME(24,37)|PLUME RAPID SEDIMENTATION(24,3)|MOTHER SHIP(22,5)|CONVEYING PIPE(21,7)|MINE CAR TRACK(21,2)|PLUME DIFFUSION(20,2)|MONOMER(19,15)|CONVEYING BELT(19,4)|KILOMETER(19,1)|ANTIOVERFLOW(17,11)|PIPELINE(16,7)|SUPPRESSION(16,3)|BILATERAL SYMMETRY(16,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE PLUME INHIBITION(16,1)|PUMPING BRANCH TUBE(16,1)|DISCHARGE PORT(15,8)|REST HYDROCYCLONE(15,3)|SOLIDIFICATION BOTTOM(14,7)|CONTAINMENT(14,3)|NEXT HYDROCYCLONE INLET PIPELINE(14,3)|DRIVING PULLEY WHEEL SHAFT(14,1)|DRIVEN PULLEY(13,5)|SOLIDIFICATION TOP(13,4)|MINING VEHICLE INTERIOR(13,3)|DIVERSION CHANNEL(13,2)|DECADE(13,1)|REGULARLY ARRANGED DIVERSION HOLE(13,1)|INJECTION COMPONENT(12,3)|PUMPING TUBE(11,1)|SPREAD RANGE(11,1)|STORAGE TANK(10,20)|ANTIOVERFLOW GUIDE SINGLE(10,13)|SLURRY(10,10)|PUMPING MAIN PIPE(10,6)|UPPER ARC PLATE(10,5)|PUMPING MAIN TUBE(10,1)|CONVEYER BELT(9,8)|STRIP HOLE(9,4)|HOLLOW STRIP(9,3)|WATER OUTLET(9,3)|CONNECTING PIPE REDUCTION(8,18)|ANTI OVERFLOW GUIDE(8,5)|PRESSURIZING(8,3)|PRESSURE JET NOZZLE(8,2)|OVERFLOW TOP(8,1)|TOP OVERFLOW PORT(8,1)|SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE(7,13)|CENTRIFUGAL PUMP(7,8)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,2)|INPUT PIPE(7,2)|MULTISTAGE HYDROCYCLONE(7,2)|OVERFLOW PREVENTION GUIDE SINGLE(7,2)|HOOD(7,1)|SEABED ORGANISM ASPHYXIA(7,1)|EFFLUX NOZZLE(6,3)|PAIRING(6,3)|ANTIOVERFLOW INNER WALL(6,2)|PUMPING INNER TUBE(6,1)|OVERFLOW PROOF GUIDE SINGLE(5,3)|REDUCING CONNECTING PIPE PORT(5,3)|UPPER PORT(5,3)|DISTURBED SLUDGE(5,2)|PLUME COLLECTION(5,2)|SUCTION BRANCH PIPE(5,2)|MINING VEHICLE SEABED(5,1)|SEDIMENT PARTICLE STICKINESS(5,1)|VALVE PLATE(4,11)|ARC BOARD(4,5)|ABUNDANCE TREND(4,1)|BRIDGING RECESS SALT ELECTROLYTE(4,1)|CURINGTHE SEAWATER(4,1)|DESTROY CEMENTATION(4,1)|MINING VEHICLE CATERPILLAR BAND(4,1)|MINING VEHICLE CRAWLER BELT(4,1)|MINING VEHICLE CRAWLER PERIPHERY(4,1)|ORE TEMPORARY STORAGE STOREHOUSE(4,1)|OVERFLOW SIDE(4,1)|PARTICLE SIZE(4,1)|POLYMETALLIC ORE(4,1)|SEABED SLUDGE(4,1)|SUSPENSION TIME(4,1)|TURBID SEAWATER(4,1)|INNER SUCTION PIPE(3,7)|LENGTH DIRECTION(3,6)|INTEGRAL STRUCTURE(3,3)|BELT DRIVEN WHEEL(3,2)|CRAWLER OUTER SIDE(3,2)|LARGE COLLECTION AREA(3,2)|LATERAL WALL(3,2)|SOLIDIFICATION PRECIPITATION BIN TOP(3,2)|ANTIOVERFLOW INTERIOR(3,1)|DEEP SEA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|DEEP SEA ORGANISM(3,1)|DEEP SEA SEDIMENT(3,1)|DEEPSEA MINING VEHICLE(3,1)|DESTRUCTIVE IMPACT(3,1)|ENVELOPE SILT(3,1)|INJECTION SUBASSEMBLY(3,1)|MINING WORK(3,1)|MOTHER VESSEL(3,1)|OFFSHORE SOIL(3,1)|OVERFLOW MOUTH(3,1)|OVERFLOW PROOF GUIDE MONOMER(3,1)|PREPARATION PLANT MINING VEHICLE(3,1)|PUMPING BRANCH PIPE(3,1)|RESTRAINE SEAL(3,1)|SETTLING BIN(3,1)|SETTLING SEPARATION(3,1)|SOFT MUD(3,1)|SOFT SEDIMENT(3,1)|STEP FOUR(3,1)|VOLCANIC SUBSTANCE(3,1)|SUCTION INNER TUBE(2,6)|DRIVING BELT WHEEL(2,3)|SUCTION INNER END(2,3)|ANTIOVERFLOW GUIDE TOP(2,2)|BILATERAL SYMMETRY MODE(2,1)|EFFLUX COLLECTION BOTTOM(2,1)| | (CN115653608)|1. The deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device based on carbon dioxide is characterized by comprising a plume collecting unit, a pumping pipe group, a separation sedimentation unit and a solidification discharge unit, wherein the plume collecting unit comprises two anti-overflow covers and two pumping inner pipes, and the two anti-overflow covers are symmetrically arranged above a crawler belt of a mining vehicle;|the suction inner tube is arranged in the overflow prevention cover, one end of the suction inner tube penetrates out of the overflow prevention cover and is connected with the pumping tube group, and a plurality of diversion holes which can be used for allowing plumes to enter the suction inner tube are formed in the overflow prevention cover;|the solidification discharge unit is positioned below the separation sedimentation unit and comprises a solidification sedimentation bin, a conveying mechanism and a high-pressure injection assembly, wherein a discharge port is formed in the rear side of the bottom of the solidification sedimentation bin, and the conveying mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the solidification sedimentation bin;|the high-pressure jet assemblies are arranged on the inner side wall of the solidification and precipitation bin oppositely and are arranged on CO on the mining vehicle 2 The storage tank is connected with a pipeline;|the separation sedimentation unit comprises a plurality of hydrocyclones which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of the pumping pipe group is connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone, and the lower port of each hydrocyclone is communicated with the top of the solidification sedimentation bin.|2. The carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the anti-overflow cover comprises a plurality of double-wing anti-overflow cover monomers, the anti-overflow cover monomers are hollow long slat shell structures, and the anti-overflow cover monomers are alternately arranged up and down along the length direction of the crawler belt of the mine car;|the side edges of the upper anti-overflow cover monomers are fixedly connected with the tops of the adjacent lower anti-overflow cover monomers into a whole, and a diversion channel is formed between any two adjacent anti-overflow cover monomers;|one end of each anti-overflow cover monomer is fixedly connected with the mining vehicle, and the other end of each anti-overflow cover monomer extends out of the outer side of the crawler belt of the mining vehicle.|3. The carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device according to claim 2, wherein the anti-overflow cover monomer comprises an upper arc plate and two lower arc plates symmetrically arranged on two sides below the upper arc plate, wherein one adjacent side of the two lower arc plates is fixedly connected through a bottom plate, and one far away side of the two lower arc plates is fixedly connected with the upper arc plate respectively;|two ends of the upper arc plate are respectively provided with an end plate, and the upper arc plate, the bottom plate and the two lower arc plates are connected into an integrated structure through the end plates.|4. The deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device based on carbon dioxide according to claim 2, wherein the bottom surface of each anti-overflow cover monomer is provided with a plurality of diversion holes which are regularly arranged, the top of each anti-overflow cover at the lower side is also provided with a plurality of diversion holes which are arranged in the same mode and correspond to the diversion channel, and in the working state, plumes can enter the anti-overflow cover from the diversion holes;|the inside of each anti-overflow cover monomer is provided with one suction inner pipe, the main body part of the suction inner pipe is arranged in the anti-overflow cover monomer along the length direction, and the circumference side wall of the suction inner pipe is provided with a plurality of strip holes which are regularly arranged;|one end of the suction inner pipe is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the anti-overflow cover monomer, and the other end of the suction inner pipe penetrates out of the bottom surface of the anti-overflow cover monomer.|5. The carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume suppressing and sealing device according to claim 4, wherein the pumping tube group comprises two pumping branch pipes respectively provided with a pumping main pipe, the two pumping branch pipes are respectively arranged at the lower side of the anti-overflow cover, and the other end of each pumping inner pipe is communicated with the pumping branch pipes at the same side;|and each pumping branch pipe is provided with a centrifugal pump, the centrifugal pump is provided with a first motor, and the two pumping branch pipes are connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone through the pumping main pipe.|6. The carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device according to claim 1, wherein overflow ports at the fixed top parts of all the rest hydrocyclones except the last one are connected with inlet pipelines of the adjacent next hydrocyclones, and the overflow ports of the last hydrocyclones can supply water for an ore collecting device of a mining vehicle.|7. The deep sea mining plume inhibition and storage device based on carbon dioxide according to claim 6, wherein the lower port of each hydrocyclone is connected with the top of the solidification precipitation bin through a reducing connecting pipe, the upper port of the reducing connecting pipe is circular, and the lower port of the reducing connecting pipe is square;|the inside of the reducing connecting pipe is provided with two valve plates which are arranged in a relative inclined way, the upper end of the valve plate is hinged with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe, and the upper sides of the valve plates are respectively connected with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe through a spring.|8. The carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and containment device of claim 1, wherein the high pressure jet assembly comprises a plurality of high pressure jet nozzles arranged in a linear sequence and spaced apart relationship, each high pressure jet nozzle being CO 2 The conveying pipes are connected, and the nozzles of the conveying pipes are obliquely arranged;|the CO 2 Delivery pipe and CO arranged on a mining vehicle 2 The storage tanks are connected with each other, CO 2 The top of the storage tank is provided with CO capable of being connected with a sea surface supporting mother ship 2 The input pipe is internally provided with a high-pressure pump, and the outlet end of the high-pressure pump is provided with a pressure control valve.|9. The carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume suppressing and sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt, a driving pulley and a driven pulley, the conveying belt is longitudinally arranged, the driven pulley and the driving pulley are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the front end and the rear end of the conveying belt, and one end of a wheel shaft of the driving pulley is provided with a second motor.|10. A method for restraining and sealing a deep sea mining plume based on carbon dioxide, which adopts the deep sea mining plume restraining and sealing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:|step one, supporting CO on a mother ship on a water surface 2 CO on the mining vehicle by the preparation device 2 CO injection into a storage tank 2 ,CO 2 From CO 2 The preparation device reaches CO in deep sea 2 When the storage tank is changed into liquid CO 2 In CO 2 Liquid CO in the storage tank 2 Pressurizing and then temporarily storing;|secondly, in the submarine walking process of the mining vehicle, plumes formed around the caterpillar band enter the mining vehicle through diversion holes at the bottom of the anti-overflow cover, then enter a pumping pipe group through a suction inner pipe, and the pumping pipe group pumps plumes in the mining vehicle to a separation sedimentation unit;|step three, the plumes firstly enter first hydrocyclones and sequentially enter other hydrocyclones, sediment contained in the plumes is settled to the bottom of each hydrocyclone to form slurry, and the slurry enters a solidification and precipitation bin from the bottom of each hydrocyclone;|step four, CO 2 Liquid CO inside a storage tank 2 Is pumped to two high-pressure spraying assemblies through pipelines, and the high-pressure spraying assemblies spray liquid CO to the slurry entering the solidification and precipitation bin 2 Liquid CO 2 Fully mixing the solid carbon dioxide hydrate with the seawater rich in sediment, and quickly settling the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the lower part of a solidification and precipitation bin;|fifthly, conveying the solid carbon dioxide hydrate settled to the surface of the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the rear side of the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin by a conveying mechanism, discharging the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the outside of the solidification and precipitation bin through a discharge port, and enabling the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to enter the seabed to realize the opposite CO 2 Sealing and storing. | (CN115653608)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine equipment, in particular to a deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device and method based on carbon dioxide.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Mineral resources in deep sea exist in a form of nodules, are rich in a plurality of elements such as manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper and the like, and have great commercial exploitation value. The environment is complex in topography, and has the characteristics of high pressure, low temperature and the like because the depth is more than thousands of meters. The polymetallic nodule is arranged on the surface layer of the submarine soft sediment with the water depth of 4000-6000m, is usually in a semi-buried state, is mainly spherical, has the particle size of 2-10 cm and the density of about 2100kg/m 3 The general trend of abundance as a function of water depth is that the deeper the water, the greater the abundance value. Currently, a submarine mining vehicle is mostly adopted to walk on the seabed to finish the first working procedure in the deep sea mining process, namely, the collection of multi-metal ores.|[0003] The deep sea sediment is in a high-pressure and high-salt environment, is rich in components such as detritus, biological soft mud, cosmic dust, volcanic substances and the like, has a unique flocculent structure formed by bridging between the adhesive grains of the salt electrolyte cementing substance, and is obviously different from land soil and offshore soil in mineral components and microstructure. The mine car walks to break the cementation among the sediments and form plumes. Once the deep sea plume is diffused, the particle size is extremely small, so that the deep sea plume is extremely difficult to settle, the spreading range can reach thousands of kilometers, and the suspension duration can last for decades. The plume water is turbid, so that a large number of deep sea organisms can suffocate and die, destructive striking is brought to the deep sea ecological environment, and the turbid sea water can influence the follow-up mining work. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for further improvements and enhancements.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device based on carbon dioxide, which solves the problems of marine environment damage and choking of submarine organisms caused by the diffusion of plumes on the seabed and great plume treatment difficulty caused by the disturbance of mining vehicle walking on the seabed sludge to form plumes.|[0005] In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0006] the utility model provides a deep sea mining plume restraines sealing device based on carbon dioxide, includes plume collection unit, pumping nest of tubes, separation sedimentation unit and solidification emission unit, the plume collection unit includes anti-overflow cover and suction inner tube, anti-overflow cover has two, bilateral symmetry arranges in the top of mining car track.|[0007] The suction inner tube is arranged inside the anti-overflow cover, one end of the suction inner tube penetrates out of the anti-overflow cover and is connected with the pumping tube group, and a plurality of diversion holes which can be used for the plume to enter the suction inner tube are formed in the anti-overflow cover.|[0008] The solidification discharge unit is located the below of separation sedimentation unit, including solidification sedimentation storehouse, conveying mechanism and high pressure injection subassembly, solidification sedimentation storehouse's bottom rear side has the discharge port, and conveying mechanism sets up in solidification sedimentation storehouse's bottom.|[0009] The high-pressure jet assemblies are arranged on the inner side wall of the solidification and precipitation bin oppositely and are arranged on CO on the mining vehicle 2 The storage tank is connected with the pipeline.|[0010] The separation sedimentation unit comprises a plurality of hydrocyclones which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of the pumping pipe group is connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone, and the lower port of each hydrocyclone is communicated with the top of the solidification sedimentation bin.|[0011] Further, the anti-overflow cover comprises a plurality of double-wing anti-overflow cover monomers, the anti-overflow cover monomers are hollow long slat shell structures, and the anti-overflow cover monomers are alternately distributed up and down along the length direction of the crawler belt of the mine car.|[0012] The side edges of the upper anti-overflow cover monomers are fixedly connected with the tops of the adjacent lower anti-overflow cover monomers into a whole, and a diversion channel is formed between any two adjacent anti-overflow cover monomers.|[0013] One end of each anti-overflow cover monomer is fixedly connected with the mining vehicle, and the other end of each anti-overflow cover monomer extends out of the outer side of the crawler belt of the mining vehicle.|[0014] Further, the anti-overflow cover monomer comprises an upper arc plate and two lower arc plates symmetrically arranged on two sides below the upper arc plate, one adjacent sides of the two lower arc plates are fixedly connected through a bottom plate, and one sides far away from each other are respectively fixedly connected with the upper arc plates.|[0015] Two ends of the upper arc plate are respectively provided with an end plate, and the upper arc plate, the bottom plate and the two lower arc plates are connected into an integrated structure through the end plates.|[0016] Further, the bottom surface of each anti-overflow cover monomer is provided with a plurality of diversion holes which are regularly arranged, the top of each anti-overflow cover at the lower side is also provided with a plurality of diversion holes which are arranged in the same mode at the position corresponding to the diversion channel, and in the working state, plumes can enter the anti-overflow cover from the diversion holes.|[0017] The inside of each anti-overflow cover monomer is provided with one suction inner pipe, the main body part of the suction inner pipe is arranged in the inside of each anti-overflow cover monomer in the length direction, and the circumference side wall of the suction inner pipe is provided with a plurality of strip holes which are regularly arranged.|[0018] One end of the suction inner pipe is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the anti-overflow cover monomer, and the other end of the suction inner pipe penetrates out of the bottom surface of the anti-overflow cover monomer.|[0019] Further, the pumping pipe group comprises two pumping branch pipes which are respectively provided with a pumping main pipe, the two pumping branch pipes are respectively arranged at the lower side of the anti-overflow cover, and the other end of each pumping inner pipe is connected and communicated with the pumping branch pipes at the same side.|[0020] And each pumping branch pipe is provided with a centrifugal pump, the centrifugal pump is provided with a first motor, and the two pumping branch pipes are connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone through the pumping main pipe.|[0021] Further, overflow ports at the fixed top parts of the rest hydrocyclones except the last hydrocyclone are connected with an inlet pipeline of the next hydrocyclone adjacent to the overflow ports, and the overflow ports of the last hydrocyclone can supply water for an ore collecting device of the mining vehicle.|[0022] Further, the lower port of each hydrocyclone is connected with the top of the solidification and precipitation bin through a reducing connecting pipe, the upper port of the reducing connecting pipe is circular, and the lower port of the reducing connecting pipe is square.|[0023] The inside of the reducing connecting pipe is provided with two valve plates which are arranged in a relative inclined way, the upper end of the valve plate is hinged with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe, and the upper side dividing wall of the valve plate is connected with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe through a spring.|[0024] Further, the high-pressure jet assembly comprises a plurality of high-pressure jet nozzles which are arranged at intervals in a linear sequence, and each high-pressure jet nozzle is connected with CO 2 The conveying pipes are connected, and the nozzles of the conveying pipes are obliquely arranged.|[0025] The CO 2 Delivery pipe and CO arranged on a mining vehicle 2 The storage tanks are connected with each other, CO 2 The top of the storage tank is provided with CO capable of being connected with a sea surface support mother ship 2 The input pipe is internally provided with a high-pressure pump, and the outlet end of the high-pressure pump is provided with a pressure control valve.|[0026] Further, conveying mechanism includes conveyer belt, driving pulley and driven pulley, conveyer belt longitudinal arrangement, driven pulley and driving pulley set up respectively in the inboard at conveyer belt front and back both ends, and the shaft one end of driving pulley disposes the second motor.|[0027] Another object of the invention is to propose a carbon dioxide based deep sea mining plume inhibition sequestration method.|[0028] The deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing method based on carbon dioxide adopts the deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device to realize rapid settlement of plume formed by disturbance sludge in the submarine walking process of the mining vehicle. The method comprises the following steps:|[0029] step one, supporting CO on a mother ship on a water surface 2 CO on the mining vehicle by the preparation device 2 CO injection into a storage tank 2 ,CO 2 CO reaching deep sea from its preparation device 2 When the storage tank is changed into liquid CO 2 In CO 2 Liquid CO in the storage tank 2 And (5) performing temporary storage after pressurizing.|[0030] And secondly, in the submarine walking process of the mining vehicle, plumes formed around the caterpillar band enter the mining vehicle through diversion holes at the bottom of the anti-overflow cover, then enter a pumping pipe group through a suction inner pipe, and the pumping pipe group pumps plumes in the mining vehicle to a separation sedimentation unit.|[0031] And thirdly, enabling the plume to enter the first hydrocyclone and sequentially enter the rest hydrocyclones, settling the sediment contained in the plume to the bottom of each hydrocyclone to form slurry, and enabling the slurry to enter the solidification and precipitation bin from the bottom of each hydrocyclone.|[0032] Step four, CO 2 Liquid CO inside a storage tank 2 Is pumped to two high-pressure spraying assemblies through pipelines, and the high-pressure spraying assemblies spray liquid CO to the slurry entering the solidification and precipitation bin 2 Liquid CO 2 Fully mixed with seawater rich in sediment to form solid carbon dioxide hydrate, and quickly settled to the lower part of a solidification and precipitation bin.|[0033] Fifthly, conveying the solid carbon dioxide hydrate settled to the surface of the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the rear side of the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin by a conveying mechanism, discharging the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the outside of the solidification and precipitation bin through a discharge port, and enabling the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to enter the seabed to realize the opposite CO 2 Sealing and storing.|[0034] By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the invention collects plumes around the crawler belt of the mining vehicle, separates out sediment in the plumes through a multi-stage hydrocyclone, sends the plumes into a solidification precipitation bin and sprays liquid CO in a relatively closed space 2 Liquid CO 2 Solid CO combined with sea water to form enveloped silt 2 The hydrate realizes rapid sedimentation and is discharged to the seabed for sealing. The anti-overflow cover adopts a double-wing structure to collect plumesThe collecting area is large, the efficiency is high, the diffusion of plumes can be well reduced, the plumes are fast and efficient to settle, the damage to the marine environment is reduced to the greatest extent, and the purposes of treating plumes and realizing carbon sequestration are achieved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0035] Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition containment device of the present invention.|[0036] Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume suppression and containment device according to the present invention.|[0037] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the separation settling unit and the solidification discharge unit of fig. 2.|[0038] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the overflow preventing cover unit at the upper side of the invention.|[0039] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the unit of the anti-overflow cover of the present invention at the lower side.|[0040] FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the combined structure of the overflow preventing cap unit and the suction inner tube of the present invention.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0041] The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:|[0042] embodiment 1, in combination with fig. 1 to 6, a carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device is installed on a deep sea mining vehicle, and the mining vehicle is used as a walking carrier to realize walking on the seabed. The carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and containment device comprises a plume collecting unit 1, a pumping tube group 2, a separation sedimentation unit 3 and a solidification discharge unit 4, wherein the plume collecting unit 1 comprises two anti-overflow covers and a pumping inner tube 11, the two anti-overflow covers are symmetrically arranged above the crawler 101, the front side of the anti-overflow cover extends to the front end of the crawler 101, and the rear side of the anti-overflow cover protrudes backwards relative to the rear end of the crawler 101 to cover a plume formed by the crawler 101 disturbance on the periphery of the plume, and the plume can be called as a plume.|[0043] The anti-overflow cover comprises a plurality of double-wing anti-overflow cover monomers 12, the anti-overflow cover monomers 12 are hollow long slat shell structures, the anti-overflow cover monomers 12 are alternately distributed up and down along the length direction of the mine car crawler and are fixedly welded into a whole to form a cover plate structure positioned right above the mining car crawler 101, and plume is prevented from being diffused and absorbed.|[0044] The anti-overflow cover unit 12 comprises an upper arc plate 121 and two lower arc plates 122 symmetrically arranged on two sides below the upper arc plate 121, wherein the upper arc plate 121 and the lower arc plates 122 are both upwardly convex arc metal plates, one adjacent sides of the two lower arc plates 122 are fixedly connected through a bottom plate 123, and one far away from each other is respectively connected with the upper arc plate 121 in a tubular shape with a double-wing-shaped section. The two ends of the upper arc plate 121 are respectively provided with an end plate, and the two end plates are connected with the bottom plate 123 and the two lower arc plates 122 to form an integral structure, so as to form a cavity structure of the anti-overflow cover unit 12.|[0045] Specifically, the sides of the upper overflow preventing cover monomers 12 are fixedly, hermetically and welded with the tops of the adjacent lower overflow preventing cover monomers 12 to form a whole, the front side and the rear side of each lower overflow preventing cover monomer 12 are of round-corner structures, and a diversion channel 17 is formed between any two adjacent overflow preventing cover monomers 12. One end of each anti-overflow cover unit 12 is fixedly connected with the mining vehicle, and the other end of each anti-overflow cover unit extends out of the outer side of the crawler 101 of the mining vehicle. When the anti-overflow cover is in operation, the inside of each anti-overflow cover monomer 12 is in a negative pressure state, and the plume below the anti-overflow cover monomers is continuously sucked into the anti-overflow cover monomers 12 through the diversion channel and the diversion holes 13.|[0046] The suction inner pipe 11 is arranged inside the anti-overflow cover, one end of the suction inner pipe 11 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the anti-overflow cover monomer 12, and the other end of the suction inner pipe penetrates out of the bottom surface of the anti-overflow cover monomer 12 to be connected with the pumping pipe group 2. The overflow preventing cover is provided with a plurality of diversion holes 13 for the plume to enter the suction inner tube 11. Specifically, the bottom surface of each anti-overflow cover unit 12 is provided with a plurality of diversion holes 13 which are regularly arranged, the top of each anti-overflow cover at the lower side is also provided with a plurality of diversion holes 13 which are arranged in the same mode at the position corresponding to the diversion channel, and in the working state, plumes can enter the anti-overflow cover from the diversion holes 13.|[0047] Each anti-overflow cover single body 12 is internally provided with one suction inner tube 11, the main body part of the suction inner tube 11 is arranged in the anti-overflow cover single body 12 in the length direction, the circumferential side wall of the suction inner tube is provided with a plurality of strip holes which are regularly arranged, and the suction inner tube 11 is communicated with the inside of the corresponding anti-overflow cover single body 12 through the strip holes on the side wall.|[0048] The pumping tube group 2 includes two pumping branch tubes 22 each provided with one pumping main tube 21, the two pumping branch tubes 22 are each provided on the lower side of the spill-proof cover, and the other end of each of the pumping inner tubes 11 is connected to and communicates with the pumping branch tube 22 on the same side. Each pumping branch pipe 22 is provided with a centrifugal pump 23, the centrifugal pump 23 is provided with a first motor 24, the two pumping branch pipes 22 are connected with one end of the pumping main pipe 21 through a three-way joint, and the other end of the pumping main pipe 21 is connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone 31 of the separation sedimentation unit 3. When the centrifugal pump is in operation, the first motor 24 drives the centrifugal pump 23 to rotate, plumes in the pumping branch pipe 22 are continuously pumped into the separation sedimentation unit 3, the front half section of the pumping branch pipe 22, the suction inner pipe 11 and the anti-overflow cover monomer 12 are all kept in a negative pressure state, the plumes enter the suction inner pipe 11 through the surface of the anti-overflow cover monomer 12 and then are collected into the pumping branch pipe 22, and are sent into an inlet on one side of the upper part of the first hydrocyclone 31 of the separation sedimentation unit 3 through the pumping main pipe 21 by the centrifugal pump 23.|[0049] The separation sedimentation unit 3 comprises four hydrocyclones 31 which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of the pumping pipe group 2 is connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone 31, and the lower port of each hydrocyclone 31 is communicated with the top of the solidification sedimentation bin 41. The overflow ports at the fixed top of the rest hydrocyclones 31 except the last one are connected with the inlet pipeline of the adjacent next hydrocyclone 31, and the overflow ports of the last hydrocyclone 31 can supply water for the ore collecting device of the mining vehicle.|[0050] Specifically, the overflow port at the top of the first hydrocyclone 31 is connected with the inlet pipeline of the second hydrocyclone 31, the overflow port at the top of the second hydrocyclone 31 is connected with the inlet pipeline of the third hydrocyclone 31, the overflow port at the top of the third hydrocyclone 31 is connected with the inlet pipeline of the fourth hydrocyclone 31, the silt contained in the plume in the pumping pipe group 2 is basically separated after the plume is settled through the multi-stage hydrocyclone 31, the separated seawater is discharged from the overflow port at the top of the fourth hydrocyclone 31, and the separated silt enters the solidification and sedimentation bin 41 through the reducing connecting pipe 6 at the lower port of each hydrocyclone 31.|[0051] Further, the lower port of each hydrocyclone 31 is connected to the top of the solidification and precipitation bin 41 through a reducing connecting pipe 6, the upper port of the reducing connecting pipe 6 is circular, and the lower port thereof is square. The inside of the reducing connecting pipe 6 is provided with two valve plates 61, the two valve plates 61 are arranged in a relatively inclined way, the upper end of the valve plates 61 is hinged with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe 6, the upper side dividing wall of the valve plates 61 is connected with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe 6 through a spring 62, and the two valve plates 61 control the speed and flow rate of sediment entering the solidification and precipitation bin 41.|[0052] The solidification discharge unit 4 is located below the separation sedimentation unit 3 and comprises a solidification sedimentation bin 41, a conveying mechanism 42 and a high-pressure injection assembly, a discharge port 44 is formed in the rear side of the bottom of the solidification sedimentation bin 41, and the conveying mechanism 42 is arranged at the bottom of the solidification sedimentation bin 41. The high-pressure jet assemblies are arranged on the inner side wall of the solidification and precipitation bin 41 oppositely and are arranged on CO on the mining vehicle 2 The storage tank 52 is connected by a pipeline. The high-pressure jet assembly comprises a plurality of high-pressure jet nozzles 43, the high-pressure jet nozzles 43 are arranged at intervals in a linear sequence, and each high-pressure jet nozzle 43 is connected with CO 2 The delivery pipes 51 are connected, and the nozzles of the delivery pipes are obliquely arranged. The sediment enters a solidification and precipitation bin 41, and a high-pressure jet nozzle 43 sprays liquid CO into the solidification and precipitation bin 41 2 Liquid CO 2 Combined with seawater in the solidification precipitation bin 41 to form solid CO 2 Hydrate, silt is enveloped in solid CO 2 The hydrates settle together to the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin 41.|[0053] The conveying mechanism 42 comprises a conveying belt 421, a driving pulley 422 and a driven pulley 423, the conveying belt 421 is longitudinally arranged, the driven pulley 423 and the driving pulley 422 are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the front end and the rear end of the conveying belt 421, a second motor is arranged at one end of a wheel shaft of the driving pulley 422, the driving pulley 422 is driven to rotate by the second motor, and the driving pulley 422 drives the driven pulley 423 to rotate through the conveying belt 421. Solid CO 2 The hydrate settles to the upper surface of the conveyor belt 421 and the continuously settled solid CO is conveyed by the conveyor belt 421 2 The hydrate is sent to a discharge port 44 at the rear side of the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin 41, is discharged to the outside of the solidification and precipitation bin 41 through the discharge port 44, and is solidCO at present 2 And (5) sealing and storing at the sea bottom.|[0054] The CO 2 Delivery pipe 51 and CO arranged on a mining vehicle 2 The storage tank 52 is connected with CO 2 The top of the storage tank 52 is provided with CO which can be connected with a sea surface support mother ship 2 The input pipe 53 is provided with a high-pressure pump inside, and the outlet end of the high-pressure pump is provided with a pressure control valve. In the working state, the sea surface supports the mother ship to pass through CO 2 Input pipe 53 to CO 2 The storage tank 52 is fed with liquid CO 2 ,CO 2 The storage tank 52 passes through its internal high pressure pump and CO 2 Delivery tube 51 provides liquid CO to high pressure jet 43 2 The high-pressure jet nozzle 43 continuously sprays liquid CO into the solidification and precipitation bin 41 2 。|[0055] The front side of the mining vehicle is provided with a jet flow collecting cover 81, the bottom of the jet flow collecting cover 81 is open, the top of the jet flow collecting cover 81 is communicated with an ore temporary storage bin of the mining vehicle through a suction pipeline 82, a group of jet flow spray pipes 83 are respectively arranged in the front side and the rear side of the jet flow collecting cover 81, and overflow ports at the top of the fourth-order hydrocyclone 31 are connected with pipelines of the jet flow spray pipes 83 and supply water for the jet flow spray pipes 83.|[0056] Embodiment 2, with reference to fig. 1 to 5, is a method for restraining and sealing a plume of deep sea mining based on carbon dioxide, and by adopting the device for restraining and sealing the plume of deep sea mining, rapid settlement of the plume formed by disturbance sludge of a mining vehicle in the submarine travelling process is realized. The deep sea mining plume inhibition and sequestration method based on carbon dioxide comprises the following steps:|[0057] step one, supporting CO on a mother ship on a water surface 2 CO on the mining vehicle by the preparation device 2 CO injection into a storage tank 2 ,CO 2 CO reaching deep sea from its preparation device 2 When the storage tank is changed into liquid CO 2 In CO 2 Liquid CO in the storage tank 2 And (5) performing temporary storage after pressurizing.|[0058] And secondly, pumping plumes formed around the caterpillar band of the mining vehicle into the mining vehicle through diversion holes at the bottom of the anti-overflow cover in the submarine travelling process, and pumping the plumes into a pumping tube group through a suction inner tube, wherein the pumping tube group pumps the plumes in the mining vehicle to a separation sedimentation unit.|[0059] And thirdly, enabling the plumes to enter the first hydrocyclone and sequentially enter the rest hydrocyclones, enabling sediment contained in the plumes to be settled to the bottoms of the hydrocyclones to form slurry, enabling the bottoms of the hydrocyclones to enter a solidification precipitation bin, and enabling the sediment to be mixed with seawater in the solidification precipitation bin.|[0060] Step four, CO 2 Liquid CO inside a storage tank 2 Is pumped to two high-pressure spraying assemblies through pipelines, and the high-pressure spraying assemblies spray liquid CO to the slurry entering the solidification and precipitation bin 2 Liquid CO 2 Fully mixed with seawater rich in sediment to form solid carbon dioxide hydrate, and quickly settled to the lower part of a solidification and precipitation bin.|[0061] Fifthly, conveying the solid carbon dioxide hydrate settled to the surface of the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the rear side of the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin by a conveying mechanism, discharging the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the outside of the solidification and precipitation bin through a discharge port, and enabling the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to enter the seabed to realize the opposite CO 2 Sealing and storing.|[0062] The parts not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.|[0063] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.|[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.|[0065] It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. | (CN115653608)|TECHNICAL FIELD|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine equipment, in particular to a deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device and method based on carbon dioxide.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Mineral resources in deep sea exist in a form of nodules, are rich in a plurality of elements such as manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper and the like, and have great commercial exploitation value. The environment is complex in topography, and has the characteristics of high pressure, low temperature and the like because the depth is more than thousands of meters. The polymetallic nodule is arranged on the surface layer of the submarine soft sediment with the water depth of 4000-6000m, is usually in a semi-buried state, is mainly spherical, has the particle size of 2-10 cm and the density of about 2100kg/m 3 The general trend of abundance as a function of water depth is that the deeper the water, the greater the abundance value. Currently, a submarine mining vehicle is mostly adopted to walk on the seabed to finish the first working procedure in the deep sea mining process, namely, the collection of multi-metal ores.|[0003] The deep sea sediment is in a high-pressure and high-salt environment, is rich in components such as detritus, biological soft mud, cosmic dust, volcanic substances and the like, has a unique flocculent structure formed by bridging between the adhesive grains of the salt electrolyte cementing substance, and is obviously different from land soil and offshore soil in mineral components and microstructure. The mine car walks to break the cementation among the sediments and form plumes. Once the deep sea plume is diffused, the particle size is extremely small, so that the deep sea plume is extremely difficult to settle, the spreading range can reach thousands of kilometers, and the suspension duration can last for decades. The plume water is turbid, so that a large number of deep sea organisms can suffocate and die, destructive striking is brought to the deep sea ecological environment, and the turbid sea water can influence the follow-up mining work. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for further improvements and enhancements.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0004] Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device based on carbon dioxide, which solves the problems of marine environment damage and choking of submarine organisms caused by the diffusion of plumes on the seabed and great plume treatment difficulty caused by the disturbance of mining vehicle walking on the seabed sludge to form plumes.|[0005] In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:|[0006] the utility model provides a deep sea mining plume restraines sealing device based on carbon dioxide, includes plume collection unit, pumping nest of tubes, separation sedimentation unit and solidification emission unit, the plume collection unit includes anti-overflow cover and suction inner tube, anti-overflow cover has two, bilateral symmetry arranges in the top of mining car track.|[0007] The suction inner tube is arranged inside the anti-overflow cover, one end of the suction inner tube penetrates out of the anti-overflow cover and is connected with the pumping tube group, and a plurality of diversion holes which can be used for the plume to enter the suction inner tube are formed in the anti-overflow cover.|[0008] The solidification discharge unit is located the below of separation sedimentation unit, including solidification sedimentation storehouse, conveying mechanism and high pressure injection subassembly, solidification sedimentation storehouse's bottom rear side has the discharge port, and conveying mechanism sets up in solidification sedimentation storehouse's bottom.|[0009] The high-pressure jet assemblies are arranged on the inner side wall of the solidification and precipitation bin oppositely and are arranged on CO on the mining vehicle 2 The storage tank is connected with the pipeline.|[0010] The separation sedimentation unit comprises a plurality of hydrocyclones which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of the pumping pipe group is connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone, and the lower port of each hydrocyclone is communicated with the top of the solidification sedimentation bin.|[0011] Further, the anti-overflow cover comprises a plurality of double-wing anti-overflow cover monomers, the anti-overflow cover monomers are hollow long slat shell structures, and the anti-overflow cover monomers are alternately distributed up and down along the length direction of the crawler belt of the mine car.|[0012] The side edges of the upper anti-overflow cover monomers are fixedly connected with the tops of the adjacent lower anti-overflow cover monomers into a whole, and a diversion channel is formed between any two adjacent anti-overflow cover monomers.|[0013] One end of each anti-overflow cover monomer is fixedly connected with the mining vehicle, and the other end of each anti-overflow cover monomer extends out of the outer side of the crawler belt of the mining vehicle.|[0014] Further, the anti-overflow cover monomer comprises an upper arc plate and two lower arc plates symmetrically arranged on two sides below the upper arc plate, one adjacent sides of the two lower arc plates are fixedly connected through a bottom plate, and one sides far away from each other are respectively fixedly connected with the upper arc plates.|[0015] Two ends of the upper arc plate are respectively provided with an end plate, and the upper arc plate, the bottom plate and the two lower arc plates are connected into an integrated structure through the end plates.|[0016] Further, the bottom surface of each anti-overflow cover monomer is provided with a plurality of diversion holes which are regularly arranged, the top of each anti-overflow cover at the lower side is also provided with a plurality of diversion holes which are arranged in the same mode at the position corresponding to the diversion channel, and in the working state, plumes can enter the anti-overflow cover from the diversion holes.|[0017] The inside of each anti-overflow cover monomer is provided with one suction inner pipe, the main body part of the suction inner pipe is arranged in the inside of each anti-overflow cover monomer in the length direction, and the circumference side wall of the suction inner pipe is provided with a plurality of strip holes which are regularly arranged.|[0018] One end of the suction inner pipe is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the anti-overflow cover monomer, and the other end of the suction inner pipe penetrates out of the bottom surface of the anti-overflow cover monomer.|[0019] Further, the pumping pipe group comprises two pumping branch pipes which are respectively provided with a pumping main pipe, the two pumping branch pipes are respectively arranged at the lower side of the anti-overflow cover, and the other end of each pumping inner pipe is connected and communicated with the pumping branch pipes at the same side.|[0020] And each pumping branch pipe is provided with a centrifugal pump, the centrifugal pump is provided with a first motor, and the two pumping branch pipes are connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone through the pumping main pipe.|[0021] Further, overflow ports at the fixed top parts of the rest hydrocyclones except the last hydrocyclone are connected with an inlet pipeline of the next hydrocyclone adjacent to the overflow ports, and the overflow ports of the last hydrocyclone can supply water for an ore collecting device of the mining vehicle.|[0022] Further, the lower port of each hydrocyclone is connected with the top of the solidification and precipitation bin through a reducing connecting pipe, the upper port of the reducing connecting pipe is circular, and the lower port of the reducing connecting pipe is square.|[0023] The inside of the reducing connecting pipe is provided with two valve plates which are arranged in a relative inclined way, the upper end of the valve plate is hinged with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe, and the upper side dividing wall of the valve plate is connected with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe through a spring.|[0024] Further, the high-pressure jet assembly comprises a plurality of high-pressure jet nozzles which are arranged at intervals in a linear sequence, and each high-pressure jet nozzle is connected with CO 2 The conveying pipes are connected, and the nozzles of the conveying pipes are obliquely arranged.|[0025] The CO 2 Delivery pipe and CO arranged on a mining vehicle 2 The storage tanks are connected with each other, CO 2 The top of the storage tank is provided with CO capable of being connected with a sea surface support mother ship 2 The input pipe is internally provided with a high-pressure pump, and the outlet end of the high-pressure pump is provided with a pressure control valve.|[0026] Further, conveying mechanism includes conveyer belt, driving pulley and driven pulley, conveyer belt longitudinal arrangement, driven pulley and driving pulley set up respectively in the inboard at conveyer belt front and back both ends, and the shaft one end of driving pulley disposes the second motor.|[0027] Another object of the invention is to propose a carbon dioxide based deep sea mining plume inhibition sequestration method.|[0028] The deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing method based on carbon dioxide adopts the deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device to realize rapid settlement of plume formed by disturbance sludge in the submarine walking process of the mining vehicle. The method comprises the following steps:|[0029] step one, supporting CO on a mother ship on a water surface 2 CO on the mining vehicle by the preparation device 2 CO injection into a storage tank 2 ,CO 2 CO reaching deep sea from its preparation device 2 When the storage tank is changed into liquid CO 2 In CO 2 Liquid CO in the storage tank 2 And (5) performing temporary storage after pressurizing.|[0030] And secondly, in the submarine walking process of the mining vehicle, plumes formed around the caterpillar band enter the mining vehicle through diversion holes at the bottom of the anti-overflow cover, then enter a pumping pipe group through a suction inner pipe, and the pumping pipe group pumps plumes in the mining vehicle to a separation sedimentation unit.|[0031] And thirdly, enabling the plume to enter the first hydrocyclone and sequentially enter the rest hydrocyclones, settling the sediment contained in the plume to the bottom of each hydrocyclone to form slurry, and enabling the slurry to enter the solidification and precipitation bin from the bottom of each hydrocyclone.|[0032] Step four, CO 2 Liquid CO inside a storage tank 2 Is pumped to two high-pressure spraying assemblies through pipelines, and the high-pressure spraying assemblies spray liquid CO to the slurry entering the solidification and precipitation bin 2 Liquid CO 2 Fully mixed with seawater rich in sediment to form solid carbon dioxide hydrate, and quickly settled to the lower part of a solidification and precipitation bin.|[0033] Fifthly, conveying the solid carbon dioxide hydrate settled to the surface of the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the rear side of the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin by a conveying mechanism, discharging the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the outside of the solidification and precipitation bin through a discharge port, and enabling the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to enter the seabed to realize the opposite CO 2 Sealing and storing.|[0034] By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the invention collects plumes around the crawler belt of the mining vehicle, separates out sediment in the plumes through a multi-stage hydrocyclone, sends the plumes into a solidification precipitation bin and sprays liquid CO in a relatively closed space 2 Liquid CO 2 Solid CO combined with sea water to form enveloped silt 2 The hydrate realizes rapid sedimentation and is discharged to the seabed for sealing. The anti-overflow cover adopts a double-wing structure to collect plumesThe collecting area is large, the efficiency is high, the diffusion of plumes can be well reduced, the plumes are fast and efficient to settle, the damage to the marine environment is reduced to the greatest extent, and the purposes of treating plumes and realizing carbon sequestration are achieved.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0035] Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition containment device of the present invention.|[0036] Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume suppression and containment device according to the present invention.|[0037] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the separation settling unit and the solidification discharge unit of fig. 2.|[0038] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the overflow preventing cover unit at the upper side of the invention.|[0039] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the unit of the anti-overflow cover of the present invention at the lower side.|[0040] FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the combined structure of the overflow preventing cap unit and the suction inner tube of the present invention.|INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0041] The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:|[0042] embodiment 1, in combination with fig. 1 to 6, a carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device is installed on a deep sea mining vehicle, and the mining vehicle is used as a walking carrier to realize walking on the seabed. The carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and containment device comprises a plume collecting unit 1, a pumping tube group 2, a separation sedimentation unit 3 and a solidification discharge unit 4, wherein the plume collecting unit 1 comprises two anti-overflow covers and a pumping inner tube 11, the two anti-overflow covers are symmetrically arranged above the crawler 101, the front side of the anti-overflow cover extends to the front end of the crawler 101, and the rear side of the anti-overflow cover protrudes backwards relative to the rear end of the crawler 101 to cover a plume formed by the crawler 101 disturbance on the periphery of the plume, and the plume can be called as a plume.|[0043] The anti-overflow cover comprises a plurality of double-wing anti-overflow cover monomers 12, the anti-overflow cover monomers 12 are hollow long slat shell structures, the anti-overflow cover monomers 12 are alternately distributed up and down along the length direction of the mine car crawler and are fixedly welded into a whole to form a cover plate structure positioned right above the mining car crawler 101, and plume is prevented from being diffused and absorbed.|[0044] The anti-overflow cover unit 12 comprises an upper arc plate 121 and two lower arc plates 122 symmetrically arranged on two sides below the upper arc plate 121, wherein the upper arc plate 121 and the lower arc plates 122 are both upwardly convex arc metal plates, one adjacent sides of the two lower arc plates 122 are fixedly connected through a bottom plate 123, and one far away from each other is respectively connected with the upper arc plate 121 in a tubular shape with a double-wing-shaped section. The two ends of the upper arc plate 121 are respectively provided with an end plate, and the two end plates are connected with the bottom plate 123 and the two lower arc plates 122 to form an integral structure, so as to form a cavity structure of the anti-overflow cover unit 12.|[0045] Specifically, the sides of the upper overflow preventing cover monomers 12 are fixedly, hermetically and welded with the tops of the adjacent lower overflow preventing cover monomers 12 to form a whole, the front side and the rear side of each lower overflow preventing cover monomer 12 are of round-corner structures, and a diversion channel 17 is formed between any two adjacent overflow preventing cover monomers 12. One end of each anti-overflow cover unit 12 is fixedly connected with the mining vehicle, and the other end of each anti-overflow cover unit extends out of the outer side of the crawler 101 of the mining vehicle. When the anti-overflow cover is in operation, the inside of each anti-overflow cover monomer 12 is in a negative pressure state, and the plume below the anti-overflow cover monomers is continuously sucked into the anti-overflow cover monomers 12 through the diversion channel and the diversion holes 13.|[0046] The suction inner pipe 11 is arranged inside the anti-overflow cover, one end of the suction inner pipe 11 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the anti-overflow cover monomer 12, and the other end of the suction inner pipe penetrates out of the bottom surface of the anti-overflow cover monomer 12 to be connected with the pumping pipe group 2. The overflow preventing cover is provided with a plurality of diversion holes 13 for the plume to enter the suction inner tube 11. Specifically, the bottom surface of each anti-overflow cover unit 12 is provided with a plurality of diversion holes 13 which are regularly arranged, the top of each anti-overflow cover at the lower side is also provided with a plurality of diversion holes 13 which are arranged in the same mode at the position corresponding to the diversion channel, and in the working state, plumes can enter the anti-overflow cover from the diversion holes 13.|[0047] Each anti-overflow cover single body 12 is internally provided with one suction inner tube 11, the main body part of the suction inner tube 11 is arranged in the anti-overflow cover single body 12 in the length direction, the circumferential side wall of the suction inner tube is provided with a plurality of strip holes which are regularly arranged, and the suction inner tube 11 is communicated with the inside of the corresponding anti-overflow cover single body 12 through the strip holes on the side wall.|[0048] The pumping tube group 2 includes two pumping branch tubes 22 each provided with one pumping main tube 21, the two pumping branch tubes 22 are each provided on the lower side of the spill-proof cover, and the other end of each of the pumping inner tubes 11 is connected to and communicates with the pumping branch tube 22 on the same side. Each pumping branch pipe 22 is provided with a centrifugal pump 23, the centrifugal pump 23 is provided with a first motor 24, the two pumping branch pipes 22 are connected with one end of the pumping main pipe 21 through a three-way joint, and the other end of the pumping main pipe 21 is connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone 31 of the separation sedimentation unit 3. When the centrifugal pump is in operation, the first motor 24 drives the centrifugal pump 23 to rotate, plumes in the pumping branch pipe 22 are continuously pumped into the separation sedimentation unit 3, the front half section of the pumping branch pipe 22, the suction inner pipe 11 and the anti-overflow cover monomer 12 are all kept in a negative pressure state, the plumes enter the suction inner pipe 11 through the surface of the anti-overflow cover monomer 12 and then are collected into the pumping branch pipe 22, and are sent into an inlet on one side of the upper part of the first hydrocyclone 31 of the separation sedimentation unit 3 through the pumping main pipe 21 by the centrifugal pump 23.|[0049] The separation sedimentation unit 3 comprises four hydrocyclones 31 which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of the pumping pipe group 2 is connected with the inlet of the first hydrocyclone 31, and the lower port of each hydrocyclone 31 is communicated with the top of the solidification sedimentation bin 41. The overflow ports at the fixed top of the rest hydrocyclones 31 except the last one are connected with the inlet pipeline of the adjacent next hydrocyclone 31, and the overflow ports of the last hydrocyclone 31 can supply water for the ore collecting device of the mining vehicle.|[0050] Specifically, the overflow port at the top of the first hydrocyclone 31 is connected with the inlet pipeline of the second hydrocyclone 31, the overflow port at the top of the second hydrocyclone 31 is connected with the inlet pipeline of the third hydrocyclone 31, the overflow port at the top of the third hydrocyclone 31 is connected with the inlet pipeline of the fourth hydrocyclone 31, the silt contained in the plume in the pumping pipe group 2 is basically separated after the plume is settled through the multi-stage hydrocyclone 31, the separated seawater is discharged from the overflow port at the top of the fourth hydrocyclone 31, and the separated silt enters the solidification and sedimentation bin 41 through the reducing connecting pipe 6 at the lower port of each hydrocyclone 31.|[0051] Further, the lower port of each hydrocyclone 31 is connected to the top of the solidification and precipitation bin 41 through a reducing connecting pipe 6, the upper port of the reducing connecting pipe 6 is circular, and the lower port thereof is square. The inside of the reducing connecting pipe 6 is provided with two valve plates 61, the two valve plates 61 are arranged in a relatively inclined way, the upper end of the valve plates 61 is hinged with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe 6, the upper side dividing wall of the valve plates 61 is connected with the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe 6 through a spring 62, and the two valve plates 61 control the speed and flow rate of sediment entering the solidification and precipitation bin 41.|[0052] The solidification discharge unit 4 is located below the separation sedimentation unit 3 and comprises a solidification sedimentation bin 41, a conveying mechanism 42 and a high-pressure injection assembly, a discharge port 44 is formed in the rear side of the bottom of the solidification sedimentation bin 41, and the conveying mechanism 42 is arranged at the bottom of the solidification sedimentation bin 41. The high-pressure jet assemblies are arranged on the inner side wall of the solidification and precipitation bin 41 oppositely and are arranged on CO on the mining vehicle 2 The storage tank 52 is connected by a pipeline. The high-pressure jet assembly comprises a plurality of high-pressure jet nozzles 43, the high-pressure jet nozzles 43 are arranged at intervals in a linear sequence, and each high-pressure jet nozzle 43 is connected with CO 2 The delivery pipes 51 are connected, and the nozzles of the delivery pipes are obliquely arranged. The sediment enters a solidification and precipitation bin 41, and a high-pressure jet nozzle 43 sprays liquid CO into the solidification and precipitation bin 41 2 Liquid CO 2 Combined with seawater in the solidification precipitation bin 41 to form solid CO 2 Hydrate, silt is enveloped in solid CO 2 The hydrates settle together to the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin 41.|[0053] The conveying mechanism 42 comprises a conveying belt 421, a driving pulley 422 and a driven pulley 423, the conveying belt 421 is longitudinally arranged, the driven pulley 423 and the driving pulley 422 are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the front end and the rear end of the conveying belt 421, a second motor is arranged at one end of a wheel shaft of the driving pulley 422, the driving pulley 422 is driven to rotate by the second motor, and the driving pulley 422 drives the driven pulley 423 to rotate through the conveying belt 421. Solid CO 2 The hydrate settles to the upper surface of the conveyor belt 421 and the continuously settled solid CO is conveyed by the conveyor belt 421 2 The hydrate is sent to a discharge port 44 at the rear side of the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin 41, is discharged to the outside of the solidification and precipitation bin 41 through the discharge port 44, and is solidCO at present 2 And (5) sealing and storing at the sea bottom.|[0054] The CO 2 Delivery pipe 51 and CO arranged on a mining vehicle 2 The storage tank 52 is connected with CO 2 The top of the storage tank 52 is provided with CO which can be connected with a sea surface support mother ship 2 The input pipe 53 is provided with a high-pressure pump inside, and the outlet end of the high-pressure pump is provided with a pressure control valve. In the working state, the sea surface supports the mother ship to pass through CO 2 Input pipe 53 to CO 2 The storage tank 52 is fed with liquid CO 2 ,CO 2 The storage tank 52 passes through its internal high pressure pump and CO 2 Delivery tube 51 provides liquid CO to high pressure jet 43 2 The high-pressure jet nozzle 43 continuously sprays liquid CO into the solidification and precipitation bin 41 2 。|[0055] The front side of the mining vehicle is provided with a jet flow collecting cover 81, the bottom of the jet flow collecting cover 81 is open, the top of the jet flow collecting cover 81 is communicated with an ore temporary storage bin of the mining vehicle through a suction pipeline 82, a group of jet flow spray pipes 83 are respectively arranged in the front side and the rear side of the jet flow collecting cover 81, and overflow ports at the top of the fourth-order hydrocyclone 31 are connected with pipelines of the jet flow spray pipes 83 and supply water for the jet flow spray pipes 83.|[0056] Embodiment 2, with reference to fig. 1 to 5, is a method for restraining and sealing a plume of deep sea mining based on carbon dioxide, and by adopting the device for restraining and sealing the plume of deep sea mining, rapid settlement of the plume formed by disturbance sludge of a mining vehicle in the submarine travelling process is realized. The deep sea mining plume inhibition and sequestration method based on carbon dioxide comprises the following steps:|[0057] step one, supporting CO on a mother ship on a water surface 2 CO on the mining vehicle by the preparation device 2 CO injection into a storage tank 2 ,CO 2 CO reaching deep sea from its preparation device 2 When the storage tank is changed into liquid CO 2 In CO 2 Liquid CO in the storage tank 2 And (5) performing temporary storage after pressurizing.|[0058] And secondly, pumping plumes formed around the caterpillar band of the mining vehicle into the mining vehicle through diversion holes at the bottom of the anti-overflow cover in the submarine travelling process, and pumping the plumes into a pumping tube group through a suction inner tube, wherein the pumping tube group pumps the plumes in the mining vehicle to a separation sedimentation unit.|[0059] And thirdly, enabling the plumes to enter the first hydrocyclone and sequentially enter the rest hydrocyclones, enabling sediment contained in the plumes to be settled to the bottoms of the hydrocyclones to form slurry, enabling the bottoms of the hydrocyclones to enter a solidification precipitation bin, and enabling the sediment to be mixed with seawater in the solidification precipitation bin.|[0060] Step four, CO 2 Liquid CO inside a storage tank 2 Is pumped to two high-pressure spraying assemblies through pipelines, and the high-pressure spraying assemblies spray liquid CO to the slurry entering the solidification and precipitation bin 2 Liquid CO 2 Fully mixed with seawater rich in sediment to form solid carbon dioxide hydrate, and quickly settled to the lower part of a solidification and precipitation bin.|[0061] Fifthly, conveying the solid carbon dioxide hydrate settled to the surface of the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the rear side of the bottom of the solidification and precipitation bin by a conveying mechanism, discharging the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to the outside of the solidification and precipitation bin through a discharge port, and enabling the solid carbon dioxide hydrate to enter the seabed to realize the opposite CO 2 Sealing and storing.|[0062] The parts not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.|[0063] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.|[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.|[0065] It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. | Family Number|(103670886)|103670886|Abstract|(CN115653608B B)|The invention discloses a deep - sea mining plume restraining and sealing device based on carbon dioxide , and belongs to the technical field of ocean equipment , the deep - sea mining plume restraining and sealing device comprises a plume collecting unit , a pumping pipe set , a separating and settling unit and a solidifying and discharging unit , the plume collecting unit comprises two anti - overflow covers and a pumping inner pipe , and the two anti - overflow covers are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode . And the suction inner pipe is arranged in the anti - overflow cover and is connected with the pump suction pipe group . The solidification discharge unit comprises a solidification precipitation bin , a conveying mechanism and two high - pressure injection assemblies , and the two high - pressure injection assemblies are oppositely arranged in the solidification precipitation bin and connected with a CO2 storage tank pipeline on the mining vehicle . The separating and settling unit comprises a plurality of hydrocyclones which are connected in sequence ; and the pumping pipe group is connected with the curing and settling bin through the hydrocyclones . The invention further discloses a plume restraining and sealing method for deep - sea mining . The anti - overflow cover is large in plume collecting area and high in efficiency , plume diffusion is well reduced , rapid sedimentation of plume is achieved , and the purposes of plume treatment and carbon sequestration are achieved . | | Civil engineering | E21C-050/00 | E21C-050/00 | CN120520584|CN118704958|CN118273722|CN117776348|CN116924538|CN116988793B|CN117163961B|CN117167016B|CN116291462B | CN120520584 115746160 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN118704958 111623875 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN118273722 110447492 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN117776348 109097555 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN116924538 106956958 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN116988793B 107136078 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN117163961B 107598306 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|CN117167016B 107600932 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|CN116291462B 105420320 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y | CN114534157|CN113431583|WO2022126802|CN110966006|CN106837257|KR101391636 | CN114534157 100254232 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN113431583 96234054 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|WO2022126802 92643215 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|CN110966006 88175040 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y|CN106837257 76453486 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|KR101391636 66381454 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | 李洛丹;刘妮;刘道平;: "二氧化碳海洋封存的研究进展", 能源与环境, no. 06, pages 11 - 12 (Cat. A)|二氧化碳海洋封存的研究进展;李洛丹;刘妮;刘道平;;能源与环境(第06期);11-12、24 (Cat. A) | CN106837257; CN110966006; CN113431583; CN114534157; KR101391636; WO2022126802 | GRANTED | (CN115653608)|GRANTED | ALIVE | (CN115653608)|ALIVE | (CN115653608)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN115653608|Actual or expected expiration date=2042-11-09|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=GRANTED|Event publication date=2022-11-09|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202211407441|Application date=2022-11-09|Standardized application number=2022CN-1407441|Event publication date=2023-01-31|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115653608|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2023-01-31|Standardized publication number=CN115653608|Event publication date=2023-01-31|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2023-02-17|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination|Event publication date=2023-06-16|Event code=CN/B|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Granted patent for invention|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN115653608|Publication stage code=B|Publication date=2023-06-16|Standardized publication number=CN115653608B|Event publication date=2023-06-16|Event code=CN/GR01|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Event indicating In Force|Grant of patent right | (CN115653608)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoTPCZKq4NETShj8BQAJLzMlbZEW38EL5eDPpKOoVIJxKQ7GsFqRuZutXlT5jEXwVJs=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000068240083&ekey=2475&xpn=CN115653608B&kind=B | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=Jmr7cpQOGDvFM%252BYUQKgHfbmsLuw%252FR4oY%252BQgpgFzVRnM%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN115653608)|CN|(CN115653608)|CN | (CN115653608)|NAME=OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN|(CN115653608)|NAME=OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA , COUNTRY=CN | (CN115653608)|NAME=HE ZHAOFEI;QINGDAO ZHONGZHIYUAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=37355|(CN115653608)|NAME=HE ZHAOFEI;QINGDAO ZHONGZHIYUAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=37355 | (CN115653608)|NAME=GAO XINGZHENG|NAME=CHEN XUGUANG|NAME=LIU XUELIN|NAME=SUN GUODONG|(CN115653608)|NAME=GAO XINGZHENG|NAME=CHEN XUGUANG|NAME=LIU XUELIN|NAME=SUN GUODONG | Titre: (CN115653608)|Deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device and method based on carbon dioxide Résumé: (CN115653608)|The invention discloses a deep-sea mining plume restraining and sealing device based on carbon dioxide, and belongs to the technical field of ocean equipment, the deep-sea mining plume restraining and sealing device comprises a plume collecting unit, a pumping pipe set, a separating and settling unit and a solidifying and discharging unit, the plume collecting unit comprises two anti-overflow covers and a pumping inner pipe, and the two anti-overflow covers are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode. And the suction inner pipe is arranged in the anti-overflow cover and is connected with the pump suction pipe group. The solidification discharge unit comprises a solidification precipitation bin, a conveying mechanism and two high-pressure injection assemblies, and the two high-pressure injection assemblies are oppositely arranged in the solidification precipitation bin and connected with a CO2 storage tank pipeline on the mining vehicle. The separating and settling unit comprises a plurality of hydrocyclones which are connected in sequence; and the pumping pipe group is connected with the curing and settling bin through the hydrocyclones. The invention further discloses a plume restraining and sealing method for deep-sea mining. The anti-overflow cover is large in plume collecting area and high in efficiency, plume diffusion is well reduced, rapid sedimentation of plume is achieved, and the purposes of plume treatment and carbon sequestration are achieved. | 75.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a device and method for inhibiting and sealing deep-sea mining plumes, which is not related to stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization for carbon sequestration. | 6.0 | 9.0 | (CN115653608)|1 | (CN115653608)|9 | (CN115653608)|10|(CN115653608)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN115653608)|6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN115653608)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-06-16|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-2402|Number of Pages: NPAGES=14|Primary examiner: 张新|Primary examiner: Zhang Xin||(CN115653608)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2023-01-31|Gazette number: GAZNUM=39-0501|Number of Pages: NPAGES=14|Primary examiner: 张新|Primary examiner: Zhang Xin| | (CN115653608)|Previous publication: CN115653608 A 2023-01-31 [CN115653608] | (CN115653608)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN115653608B)|Patent|(CN115653608)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 89 | CN202510038520 | CN202510038520 | CN119715966 | 113999997 | CN119715966 A 2025-03-28 [CN119715966] | 2025-01-10 | 2025-01-10 | 2025-03-28 | (CN119715966)|2045-01-10 | (CN119715966)|Device and method for evaluating characteristics of seabed multi-phase sealed carbon dioxide | (CN119715966)|The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon dioxide sequestration, and discloses a seabed multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device and method.The device comprises a test box, a support is installed in the test box, a reaction kettle is installed on the support, the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire tube, a top plate and a bottom plate, and the top plate and the bottom plate are installed at the two ends of the sapphire tube; a magnetic stirring rotor is arranged in the sapphire tube; a plurality of seawater inlets and outlets are formed in the top plate; a carbon dioxide injection opening is formed in the bottom plate; the motor is mounted on the bracket, and the motor is electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor; the carbon dioxide storage unit penetrates through the carbon dioxide injection port through a pipeline and is communicated with the sapphire tube; and the seawater container penetrates through the seawater inlet and outlet through a pipeline and is communicated with the sapphire tube. According to the technical scheme, the stability of CO2 in different phase states can be evaluated. | SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY | (CN119715966)|SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY ([CN]) | LIU HUANG|LIU YANGFEI|TANG LINWEI|GUO PING|LI QINGPING|LIAO JUN | (CN119715966)|LIU HUANG|LIU YANGFEI|TANG LINWEI|GUO PING|LI QINGPING|LIAO JUN | (CN119715966)|LIU DONGMEI;BEIJING ZHUOSHENG BAIDA IP AGENT LTD.|Reg. Nb: 16026 | (CN119715966)|The ocean CO _2 sealing and injecting method mainly comprises an indirect method (fertilization) and a direct injection method, wherein the indirect method is to fertilize the ocean, provide nutrient substances required by ocean plants, promote photosynthesis of the ocean plants to consume CO _2, cause unbalanced biological growth and are easy to cause other ecological problems and cannot be applied for a long time due to the fact that the nutrient substances are added, the direct injection method is to inject CO _2 trapped in the atmosphere into the ocean floor, and the characteristic that the density of liquid CO _2 is higher than that of sea water is utilized on the ocean floor in the deep sea, so that the liquid CO _2 stably sinks on the ocean floor, and the CO _2 further generates hydrate solid by utilizing the low-temperature high-pressure environment on the basis of the ocean floor, so that the stable sealing and storing effect is more remarkable.| | (CN119715966)|1. The submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device is characterized by comprising the following components: The device comprises a test box, wherein a support (8) is arranged in the test box, a reaction kettle is rotatably arranged on the support (8), the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire pipe (3) and a top plate and a bottom plate which are arranged at two ends of the sapphire pipe (3), a magnetic stirring rotor (9) is arranged in the sapphire pipe (3), a plurality of seawater inlets and outlets are formed in the top plate, and a carbon dioxide injection port is formed in the bottom plate; The motor (10) is arranged on the bracket (8), and the motor (10) is electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor (9); a carbon dioxide storage unit which is communicated with the sapphire pipe (3) through the carbon dioxide injection port by a pipeline; the seawater container passes through the seawater inlet and outlet and is communicated with the sapphire pipe (3) through a pipeline. | | (CN119715966)|In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the seabed, which is applied to the device for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the seabed, and comprises:|The invention aims to provide a submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device and method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for evaluating characteristics of a multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on a seabed, comprising:| | (CN119715966)|CARBON DIOXIDE(100,84)|EVALUATION(100,11)|SUBMARINE MULTIPHASE SEQUESTRATION(100,11)|SAPPHIRE PIPE(62,66)|SEA FLOOR(30,9)|MAGNETIC STIRRING IMPELLER(29,16)|SEAWATER INLET(29,7)|SEAWATER CONTAINER(26,7)|STIRRING IMPELLER(25,16)|OCEAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS(25,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION(24,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE MULTIPHASE SEQUESTRATION(24,3)|NUTRIENT SUBSTANCE(24,2)|FERTILIZE OCEAN(23,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION(22,10)|SEAWATER(21,85)|REACTION KETTLE(21,8)|OCEAN MULTIPHASE SEALING(20,1)|SEABED SHALLOW ENVIRONMENT(18,4)|WET SEDIMENT(17,7)|SEA PLANT(16,1)|SEABED(15,11)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(14,6)|UNBALANCED BIOLOGICAL GROWTH(14,1)|PIPELINE(13,15)|TEST BOX(13,8)|SEAWATER VESSEL(12,1)|OCEAN CURRENT ENVIRONMENT(11,7)|PRESET PRESSURE DATA(10,17)|SAPPHIRE PIPE HEIGHT(10,2)|FERTILIZATION(10,1)|STABLE SEALING(10,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE SOLID(9,25)|DISSIPATION(9,6)|SEA(8,10)|SEDIMENTATION PRESSURE(8,5)|SAPPHIRE PIPE PRESSURE(8,1)|DISPLACEMENT PUMP(7,9)|SAPPHIRE PIPE END(7,3)|SAPPHIRE PIPE ADJUSTING PRESSURE(7,1)|SINK(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION PORT(6,6)|INTELLIGENT SPEED(6,3)|PRESET GRADIENT DATA(6,3)|CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION OPENING(6,2)|DIRECT INJECTION(6,2)|HORIZONTALLY PLACED SAPPHIRE PIPE(6,2)|OCEAN CARBON DIOXIDE(6,2)|SAPPHIRE PIPE BOTTOM(6,2)|SAPPHIRE PIPE LENGTH(6,2)|DISTILLED CARBON DIOXIDE(6,1)|SEAWATER HORIZONTAL FLOW ENVIRONMENT(5,6)|MOVEABLE PISTON(5,4)|SEABED SURFACE ENVIRONMENT(5,4)|DECOMPOSITION(5,3)|SAPPHIRE PIPE POSITION(5,2)|SAPPHIRE PIPE TOP(5,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(5,1)|QUANTITATIVE LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE(5,1)|INJECTION PORT(4,20)|HYDRATE(4,9)|HYDRATE PARTICLE(4,4)|CONVERTING WATER(4,3)|SUBSEA(4,3)|RISING PRESSURE(4,2)|PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT(4,1)|BOTTOM PLATE(3,14)|CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE UNIT(3,8)|EXPERIMENTAL TEMPERATURE(3,6)|SUSPENSION STABILITY PRESSURE DATA(3,5)|SUSPENSION SYSTEM STABLE PRESSURE DATA(3,5)|ESCAPE FEATURE EVALUATION(3,2)|INJECTING QUANTITATIVE SEAWATER(3,1)|TOP PLATE(2,11)|STORAGE UNIT(2,8)|CONSTANT PRESSURE(2,6)|INTERMEDIATE CONTAINER(2,5)|SEALING RING(2,5)|HORIZONTAL DIRECTION(2,3)|SEABED SURFACE LAYER(2,3)|EXPERIMENTAL ENVIRONMENT(2,2)|HYDRATE SOLID PARTICLE(2,2)|MONITORED DIFFUSION TIME(2,2)|PRACTICABILITY(2,2)|PRESSURE REDUCTION(2,2)|PRESSURE REGULATION(2,2)|SEAWATER INJECTION PORT(2,2)|STABILITY EVALUATION(2,2)|START SINKING(2,2)|BLIND KETTLE(2,1)|DETACHABLE SCREW(2,1)|ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|GEOLOGICAL SEALING(2,1)|GUIDING SIGNIFICANCE(2,1)|INJECTING QUANTITATIVE LIQUID(2,1)|INORGANIC SEALING(2,1)|MARINE SEALING(2,1)|OCEAN FORMULATION(2,1)|OCEAN STORAGE ESTABLISHMENT(2,1)|RESISTANT SAPPHIRE(2,1)|SAPPHIRE REACTION KETTLE(2,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|SEABED BURYING(2,1)|SETTLING EVALUATION(2,1)|SHALLOW SEA FLOOR HYDRATE(2,1)|SINKING EVALUATION(2,1)|SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY TARGET(2,1)|SYNTHESIZED HYDRATE(2,1)|TARGETING STRATEGY(2,1)|VISIBLE EVALUATING(2,1)|SEAWATER PRESSURE(1,4)|SAPPHIRE PRESSURE(1,2)|SEA HORSE(1,2)|SUPERFICIAL LIQUID(1,2)|SUSPENSION STABILIZING PRESSURE(1,2)| | (CN119715966)|1. The submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device is characterized by comprising the following components:| The device comprises a test box, wherein a support (8) is arranged in the test box, a reaction kettle is rotatably arranged on the support (8), the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire pipe (3) and a top plate and a bottom plate which are arranged at two ends of the sapphire pipe (3), a magnetic stirring rotor (9) is arranged in the sapphire pipe (3), a plurality of seawater inlets and outlets are formed in the top plate, and a carbon dioxide injection port is formed in the bottom plate; | The motor (10) is arranged on the bracket (8), and the motor (10) is electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor (9); | a carbon dioxide storage unit which is communicated with the sapphire pipe (3) through the carbon dioxide injection port by a pipeline; | the seawater container passes through the seawater inlet and outlet and is communicated with the sapphire pipe (3) through a pipeline. |2. The submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the motor (10) passes through the bottom plate to be electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor (9) through a connecting wire, and the other end is electrically connected with an intelligent speed regulating system (13) through a connecting wire.|3. The submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characterization device according to claim 1, wherein the seawater vessel is further electrically connected with a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump (14).|4. The submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein sealing rings (4) are arranged at the contact positions of the two ends of the sapphire pipe (3) with the top plate and the bottom plate.|5. The submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein a movable piston (2) is further arranged in the sapphire pipe (3).|6. A method for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the sea floor, which is applied to the device for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the sea floor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:| Step S1, injecting seawater into a sapphire pipe (3), setting a temperature, and adjusting the pressure of the seawater in the sapphire pipe (3) and the pressure of a carbon dioxide storage unit based on first preset pressure data, injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe (3), and gradually pressurizing the seawater based on preset gradient data in the injection process of the liquid carbon dioxide to obtain suspension stability pressure data of the liquid carbon dioxide which can stably suspend in the seawater and begin sinking; | s2, evaluating the escape characteristics of the liquid carbon dioxide by adjusting the spatial position of the sapphire pipe (3) and combining the suspension stability pressure data, wherein the escape characteristics comprise longitudinal escape characteristics and transverse escape characteristics; | S3, installing a piston (2) in the sapphire pipe (3), injecting seawater and carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe (3) after the piston (2) is installed to prepare carbon dioxide hydrate solid, dispersing the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater through a magnetic stirring rotor (9), adjusting the pressure of the sapphire pipe (3), and determining the sedimentation pressure of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater; | and S4, evaluating the stability characteristics of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid on the seabed based on the sedimentation pressure. |7. The method for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase sequestration of carbon dioxide on the sea floor according to claim 6, wherein the evaluation procedure of the longitudinal escape characteristics comprises:| Continuously injecting seawater into the vertically placed sapphire pipe (3) until reaching second preset pressure data, wherein the second preset pressure data is larger than the suspension stable pressure data; | Injecting carbon dioxide into the bottom of the sapphire pipe (3) after the temperature is stable, recording time data of carbon dioxide diffusing to the top of the sapphire pipe (3), and calculating a first longitudinal dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide based on the recorded time data and the height of the sapphire pipe (3); | and continuously injecting seawater into the sapphire pipe (3) and continuously flowing out the seawater to construct a seawater up-and-down flow environment, injecting carbon dioxide into the seawater up-and-down flow environment, and calculating a second longitudinal dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide. |8. The method for evaluating the characteristics of the multi-phase sequestration of carbon dioxide on the sea floor according to claim 6, wherein the evaluation procedure of the characteristics of the lateral sequestration comprises:| Continuously injecting seawater into the vertically placed sapphire pipe (3) until reaching second preset pressure data, wherein the second preset pressure data is larger than the suspension stable pressure data; | Injecting carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe (3) after the temperature is stable, converting the sapphire pipe (3) into a horizontal direction after the carbon dioxide is injected, monitoring the diffusion time of the carbon dioxide from one end to the other end in the sapphire pipe (3), and calculating a first transverse dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide based on the monitored diffusion time and the length of the sapphire pipe (3); | And (3) injecting seawater into the upper part of one end of the horizontally placed sapphire pipe (3) under constant pressure, discharging seawater from the upper part of the other end, constructing a seawater horizontal flow environment, injecting carbon dioxide into the seawater horizontal flow environment, and calculating the second transverse escape characteristic of the carbon dioxide. |9. The method for evaluating characteristics of submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide according to claim 6, wherein the method for adjusting pressure of the sapphire pipe (3) to determine sedimentation pressure of carbon dioxide hydrate solids in seawater comprises the following steps:| The vertically placed sapphire pipe (3) is subjected to pressure regulation of pressure rising and pressure reducing, and the sedimentation pressure of carbon dioxide hydrate solid particles dispersed in the seawater is determined in the pressure regulation process. |10. The method for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase sequestration of carbon dioxide in the ocean floor according to claim 6, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises:| evaluation of stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids at subsea surface layer: | Injecting quantitative seawater into the sapphire pipe (3) until third preset pressure data are reached, wherein the third preset pressure data are larger than the sedimentation pressure; | injecting quantitative liquid carbon dioxide after the temperature is stable, starting stirring to construct a seabed surface environment, and continuously injecting seawater and continuously flowing out the seawater into the sapphire pipe (3) in the seabed surface environment to construct a first ocean current environment; | Observing the condition of the height change of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid with time in the ocean current environment of the first type to obtain the stability characteristic and the decomposition characteristic of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid on the seabed surface layer; | Evaluation of stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids at shallow seafloor: | Adding a certain amount of wet sediment into a sapphire pipe (3) after the piston (2) is removed, injecting carbon dioxide after the temperature is stable, and converting water in the wet sediment into carbon dioxide hydrate solid; | Injecting seawater into the sapphire pipe (3) based on third preset pressure data, and constructing a seabed shallow environment, wherein the static stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids on a seabed surface layer are observed in the seabed shallow environment; | And collecting the carbon dioxide amount distilled from the discharged seawater in the second ocean current environment, and calculating the decomposition characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids in the wet sediment based on the distilled carbon dioxide amount. | (CN119715966)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon dioxide sequestration, and particularly relates to a submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device and method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Excessive emissions of CO 2 are one of the main causes of greenhouse effect, and the annual carbon dioxide emissions are increasing, making global warming more serious. According to statistics, by the end of 2019, the total emission amount of greenhouse gases in China accounts for 27% of the world, a feasible emission reduction scheme is searched, a low-carbon development target is achieved, the world development requirements are met, the ecological environment is protected, and a strategy target of sustainable development is achieved.|[0003] At present, the CO 2 sealing method mainly comprises a geological sealing method, a mineral sealing method and a marine sealing method, and compared with the former two methods, the marine CO 2 sealing method has the characteristics of large sealing space, easy operation, low cost and the like, and has a wider application prospect. The ocean CO 2 sealing and injecting method mainly comprises an indirect method (fertilization) and a direct injection method, wherein the indirect method is to fertilize the ocean, provide nutrient substances required by ocean plants, promote photosynthesis of the ocean plants to consume CO 2, cause unbalanced biological growth and are easy to cause other ecological problems and cannot be applied for a long time due to the fact that the nutrient substances are added, the direct injection method is to inject CO 2 trapped in the atmosphere into the ocean floor, and the characteristic that the density of liquid CO 2 is higher than that of sea water is utilized on the ocean floor in the deep sea, so that the liquid CO 2 stably sinks on the ocean floor, and the CO 2 further generates hydrate solid by utilizing the low-temperature high-pressure environment on the basis of the ocean floor, so that the stable sealing and storing effect is more remarkable. From the current reported results, the density of the liquid CO 2 at low pressure is obviously smaller than that of the seawater, and the density of the liquid CO 2 is larger than that of the seawater only after a certain pressure is reached, so that the requirement on the injection depth of CO 2 in the ocean is met, and the specific depth is not yet reported, and on the basis, the status characteristics of the CO 2 hydrate in the seawater are also rarely reported.|[0004] In summary, the actual state and characteristics of CO 2 in the marine environment (as a function of depth) in different phases (gas, liquid, solid) are not clear, which will affect the implementation and performance evaluation of the method for sequestering CO 2 in the ocean. The existing device for evaluating the CO 2 in the seawater is a blind kettle generally, the sinking-floating relation between the solid of the liquid CO 2、CO2 hydrate and the sediment at the bottom of the sea cannot be effectively observed, the visible evaluating and observing system has the defect of low pressure (basically less than 15 MPa), and in addition, the existing device is not fully designed and lacks the stability influence evaluating function of seawater flow and the like on the CO 2 in different phases.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide a submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device and method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.|[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for evaluating characteristics of a multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on a seabed, comprising:|[0007] The device comprises a test box, wherein a support is arranged in the test box, a reaction kettle is rotatably arranged on the support, the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire pipe, a top plate and a bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged at two ends of the sapphire pipe, and a magnetic stirring rotor is arranged in the sapphire pipe; |[0008] The motor is arranged on the bracket and is electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor; |[0009] A carbon dioxide storage unit which is communicated with the sapphire pipe through a pipeline passing through the carbon dioxide injection port; |[0010] The seawater container passes through the seawater inlet and outlet through a pipeline and is communicated with the sapphire pipe. |[0011] Optionally, one end of the motor passes through the bottom plate through a connecting wire to be electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor, and the other end of the motor is electrically connected with an intelligent speed regulating system through a connecting wire.|[0012] Optionally, the seawater container is also electrically connected with a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump.|[0013] Optionally, sealing rings are arranged at the contact positions of the two ends of the sapphire pipe and the top plate and the bottom plate.|[0014] Optionally, a movable piston is further arranged in the sapphire pipe.|[0015] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the seabed, which is applied to the device for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the seabed, and comprises:|[0016] Step S1, injecting seawater into a sapphire pipe, setting a temperature, and adjusting the seawater pressure in the sapphire pipe and the pressure of a carbon dioxide storage unit based on first preset pressure data; injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe, and gradually pressurizing the seawater based on preset gradient data in the injection process of the liquid carbon dioxide to obtain suspension stability pressure data of the liquid carbon dioxide which can stably suspend in the seawater and start sinking; |[0017] s2, estimating the escape characteristics of the liquid carbon dioxide by adjusting the spatial position of the sapphire pipe and combining the suspension stability pressure data, wherein the escape characteristics comprise longitudinal escape characteristics and transverse escape characteristics; |[0018] S3, installing a piston in the sapphire pipe, injecting seawater and carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe after the piston is installed to prepare carbon dioxide hydrate solid, dispersing the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater through a magnetic stirring rotor, performing pressure adjustment on the sapphire pipe, and determining the sedimentation pressure of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater; |[0019] and S4, evaluating the stability characteristics of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid on the seabed based on the sedimentation pressure. |[0020] Optionally, the evaluation procedure of the longitudinal escape feature includes:|[0021] continuously injecting seawater into the vertically placed sapphire pipe until reaching second preset pressure data, wherein the second preset pressure data is larger than the suspension stable pressure data; |[0022] Injecting carbon dioxide into the bottom of the sapphire pipe after the temperature is stable, recording time data of carbon dioxide diffusing to the top of the sapphire pipe, and calculating a first longitudinal dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide based on the recorded time data and the height of the sapphire pipe; |[0023] And continuously injecting seawater into the sapphire pipe and continuously flowing out the seawater to construct a seawater up-and-down flow environment, injecting carbon dioxide into the seawater up-and-down flow environment, and calculating a second longitudinal dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide. |[0024] Optionally, the evaluation procedure of the lateral escape feature includes:|[0025] continuously injecting seawater into the vertically placed sapphire pipe until reaching second preset pressure data, wherein the second preset pressure data is larger than the suspension stable pressure data; |[0026] injecting carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe after the temperature is stable, converting the sapphire pipe into a horizontal direction after the carbon dioxide is injected, monitoring the diffusion time of the carbon dioxide from one end to the other end in the sapphire pipe, and calculating a first transverse dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide based on the monitored diffusion time and the length of the sapphire pipe; |[0027] and (3) injecting seawater into the upper part of one end of the horizontally placed sapphire pipe under constant pressure, discharging seawater from the upper part of the other end, constructing a seawater horizontal flow environment, injecting carbon dioxide into the seawater horizontal flow environment, and calculating the second transverse escape characteristic of the carbon dioxide. |[0028] Optionally, adjusting the pressure of the sapphire pipe to determine the sedimentation pressure of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater, which specifically comprises:|[0029] the vertically placed sapphire pipe is subjected to pressure regulation of pressure rising and pressure reducing, and the sedimentation pressure of carbon dioxide hydrate solid particles dispersed in the seawater is determined in the pressure regulation process. |[0030] Optionally, the step S4 specifically includes:|[0031] evaluation of stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids at subsea surface layer: |[0032] Injecting quantitative seawater into the sapphire pipe until reaching third preset pressure data, wherein the third preset pressure data is larger than the sedimentation pressure; |[0033] Injecting quantitative liquid carbon dioxide after the temperature is stable, starting stirring to construct a seabed surface environment, and continuously injecting seawater and continuously flowing out the seawater into the sapphire pipe in the seabed surface environment to construct a first ocean current environment; |[0034] Observing the condition of the height change of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid with time in the ocean current environment of the first type to obtain the stability characteristic and the decomposition characteristic of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid on the seabed surface layer; |[0035] Evaluation of stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids at shallow seafloor: |[0036] Adding a certain amount of wet sediment into the sapphire pipe after the piston is removed, injecting carbon dioxide after the temperature is stable, and converting water in the wet sediment into carbon dioxide hydrate solid; |[0037] injecting seawater into the sapphire pipe based on third preset pressure data, and constructing a seabed shallow environment, wherein the static stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids on a seabed surface layer are observed in the seabed shallow environment; |[0038] And collecting the carbon dioxide amount flash-distilled from the discharged seawater in the second ocean current environment, and calculating the decomposition characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids in the wet sediment based on the flash-distilled carbon dioxide amount. |[0039] The invention has the technical effects that:|[0040] the invention provides |[0041] The device is low-temperature resistant, high-pressure resistant, visual and rotatable, the stability characteristics of the seabed surface layer and the shallow liquid and solid buried CO 2 can be comprehensively evaluated by combining the established method, the ocean flow environment can be simulated, the influence of ocean current flow on the CO 2 seabed buried CO 2 is analyzed, the experimental environment can truly reflect the ocean flow environment, the test data are truly and reliably available, the practicability is strong, an important guiding function is provided for formulating a scheme for sealing the CO 2 by ocean, and the on-site practical application can be effectively guided.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0043] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:|[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for evaluating the stability of subsea buried CO 2 in an embodiment of the present invention; |[0045] The reference numbers indicate that the device comprises a sapphire reaction kettle 1, a piston, a sapphire pipe 3, a sealing ring 4, a seawater injection port 5, a seawater injection port 6, an exhaust port 7, a connecting screw rod 8, a bracket 9, a magnetic stirring rotor 10, a motor 11, a carbon dioxide injection port 12, a CO 2 storage tank 13, an intelligent speed regulating system 14, a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 15, an intermediate container 16, an internal connecting pipeline 17 and a high-low temperature test box. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0046] Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.|[0047] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.|[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although the invention has been described with reference to a preferred method, any method similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methodologies associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.|[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.|[0050] As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open ended terms, meaning including, but not limited to.|[0051] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.|[0052] Example 1|[0053] As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a device for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the seabed is provided, including:|[0054] The device comprises a test box, wherein a support 8 is arranged in the test box, a reaction kettle is rotatably arranged on the support 8, the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire pipe 3, a top plate and a bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged at two ends of the sapphire pipe 3, a magnetic stirring rotor 9 is arranged in the sapphire pipe 3, a plurality of seawater inlets and outlets are formed in the top plate, and a carbon dioxide injection port is formed in the bottom plate; |[0055] A motor 10 mounted on the bracket 8, the motor 10 being electrically connected to the magnetic stirring rotor 9; |[0056] a carbon dioxide storage unit which is communicated with the sapphire pipe 3 through the carbon dioxide injection port by a pipeline; |[0057] and the seawater container is communicated with the sapphire pipe 3 through a pipeline passing through the seawater inlet and outlet. |[0058] A submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation method is applied to a submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device, and comprises the following steps:|[0059] Step S1, injecting seawater into a sapphire pipe 3, setting a temperature, and adjusting the seawater pressure in the sapphire pipe 3 and the pressure of a carbon dioxide storage unit based on first preset pressure data, injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe 3, and gradually pressurizing the seawater based on preset gradient data in the injection process of the liquid carbon dioxide to obtain suspension stable pressure data of the liquid carbon dioxide which can stably suspend in the seawater and start sinking; |[0060] Step S2, estimating the escape characteristics of the liquid carbon dioxide by adjusting the spatial position of the sapphire pipe 3 and combining the suspension stability pressure data, wherein the escape characteristics comprise longitudinal escape characteristics and transverse escape characteristics; |[0061] Step S3, installing a piston 2 in the sapphire pipe 3, injecting seawater and carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe 3 after the piston 2 is installed to prepare carbon dioxide hydrate solid, dispersing the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater through a magnetic stirring rotor 9, adjusting the pressure of the sapphire pipe 3, and determining the sedimentation pressure of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater; |[0062] and S4, evaluating the stability characteristics of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid on the seabed based on the sedimentation pressure. |[0063] The embodiment aims to provide a device and a method for evaluating characteristics of submarine surface-shallow multi-phase sequestration CO 2. The device is resistant to low temperature and high pressure, can visually observe the state of CO 2 in seawater under different environments, and can simulate and research the sinking and floating characteristics, the diffusion characteristics, the carrying characteristics of seawater motion on CO 2, the sinking and floating characteristics of CO 2 hydrate solid and the like of liquid CO 2 after CO 2 is injected into seawater. The embodiment has important guiding significance for implementation scheme formulation of the ocean buried CO 2 method, and has wide application prospect.|[0064] The embodiment provides an experimental device for evaluating the stability of CO 2 buried in a seabed surface layer, which comprises a high-pressure-resistant sapphire pipe 3, a frame body 8 for fixing the sapphire pipe 3 and a control system 13 (used for controlling stirring speed). Wherein, one end of the frame body is provided with a motor 10, and the motor 10 can drive a magnetic stirring rotor 9 to provide stirring effect for the fluid in the sapphire pipe 3. The other end is provided with an end cover, the end cap is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet 6. The end cover end is connected with the motor end through four detachable screws 7, the sapphire pipe 3 is arranged in the middle of the four screws, two sealing rings 4 with different diameters are arranged at the contact parts of the sapphire pipe 3 and the two end frames, the sealing rings are used for sealing fluid in the sapphire pipe 3 under high pressure, and meanwhile buffering is applied between the contact surfaces of the sapphire pipe 3 and the frame. The sapphire pipe 3 is internally provided with a movable piston 2, and the kettle body carrying the sapphire pipe 3 can rotate and be fixed at any angle.|[0065] 1. Evaluation of initial sinking pressure of liquid CO 2 in seawater:|[0066] (1) The constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14 is adopted to fill the seawater in the intermediate container 15 into the sapphire pipe 3 (without the piston 2, placed vertically), the pressure is increased to a given pressure P 0, the experimental temperature is set through the high-low temperature test box 17, and meanwhile, the pressure of the CO 2 (with the Sudan red added in advance) storage tank 12 is also increased to P 0; |[0067] (2) After the temperature and pressure are stable, a small amount of liquid CO 2 is injected from the injection port 11 at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under constant pressure, and if CO 2 continuously floats upwards, the density of the liquid CO 2 is smaller than that of seawater under a given pressure; |[0068] (3) Pressurizing the initial pressure P 0 of the seawater, and then performing the step (2), finding out the pressure of the liquid CO 2 which can stably suspend in the seawater, and providing a calculation basis for the site selection depth of the CO 2 buried by the submarine liquid method. |[0069] 2. Evaluation of the longitudinal dissipation characteristics of CO 2 -seawater after CO 2 is buried by a submarine liquid method:|[0070] (1) Filling the sapphire pipe 3 (without the piston 2, placed vertically) with seawater in the intermediate container 15 by using the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14, and continuously injecting the seawater to an experimental set pressure P 1 (the pressure is greater than a suspension stabilizing pressure P 0 of liquid CO 2 in the seawater); |[0071] (2) A certain amount of liquid CO 2 added with sudan red in advance is injected from the injection port 11 at the lower end of the sapphire pipe 3 at constant pressure, and whether the liquid CO 2 diffuses upwards in seawater is checked in a static state. If so, the time for CO 2 to diffuse to the top of the sapphire pipe 3 is recorded, and the apparent diffusion rate (height/migration time of the sapphire pipe 3) is calculated; |[0072] (3) For the environment with up-and-down ocean current movement, a pipeline can be further connected to the sapphire pipe 3 from the injection port of the top end cover, the outlet of the pipeline is slightly higher than the surface of the liquid CO 2, seawater is continuously injected from the pipeline, seawater is continuously discharged from the other outlet 6 of the top end cover, a seawater up-and-down flow environment is created, the time for the liquid CO 2 to diffuse from the bottom to the top under the action of the up-and-down flow of the seawater is mastered, and the apparent diffusion speed is calculated. And the influence of the flow rate of seawater can be further analyzed. |[0073] 3. Evaluation of CO 2 -transverse CO 2 -seawater dissipation characteristics after CO 2 is buried by a submarine liquid method:|[0074] (1) Filling the sapphire pipe 3 (without the piston 2, placed vertically) with the seawater in the intermediate container 15 by using a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14, and continuously injecting the seawater to an experimental set pressure P 1 (the pressure is greater than a suspension stabilizing pressure P 0 of liquid CO 2 in the seawater); |[0075] (2) Injecting a certain amount of liquid CO 2 with Sudan red added in advance from the injection opening 11 at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 at constant pressure (the pressure is maintained unchanged by slowly discharging seawater from the top of the sapphire pipe 3 in the process of injecting CO 2), turning the device into a horizontal direction after the injection, viewing the transverse diffusion characteristic of CO 2 in seawater under static state, monitoring the time of diffusing CO 2 from one end to the other end of the sapphire pipe 3, calculating the apparent diffusion speed, and comparing with the longitudinal diffusion speed; |[0076] (3) For the horizontal ocean current movement, after fluid (seawater and liquid CO 2) is injected, the sapphire pipe 3 is turned into the horizontal state (the position with the fluid injection port on the end cover is above), the density difference is utilized, the upper layer in the horizontal pipe is seawater, the lower layer is liquid CO 2, then the seawater is injected from the injection port of the sapphire pipe 3, the seawater is discharged from the injection port 11 at the other end (under constant pressure), a seawater horizontal flow environment is created, the change condition of the height of the liquid CO 2 along with time is measured in the experimental process, and the carrying effect of the seawater on CO 2 in the seawater horizontal flow environment is mastered. |[0077] 4. Evaluation of the settling pressure of CO 2 hydrate solids in seawater:|[0078] (1) Injecting a certain amount of seawater (with the kettle body standing up and one end with the stirring system 9 down) from the injection port 11 of the sapphire pipe 3 (provided with the piston 2) by using a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14, and setting an experimental temperature; |[0079] (2) After the temperature is stable, a certain amount of CO 2 (between 4 and 5 MPa) is injected from an injection port 11 to synthesize some CO 2 hydrate solid on the surface layer of the seawater, and a stirring system 9 is started to disperse CO 2 hydrate particles in the seawater; |[0080] (3) Then connecting a high-pressure pipeline at the injection port 6 to pressurize the sapphire pipe 3 at 1MPa/h, stabilizing for a period of time (not less than 10 minutes) under each pressure, and determining the initial sinking pressure P 2 of CO 2 hydrate solid particles dispersed in seawater; |[0081] (4) And then gradually reducing the pressure by 0.1MPa/h with P 2 as a starting point, stabilizing the pressure for a period of time (not less than 10 minutes) at each pressure, and further accurately quantifying the P 2. |[0082] 5. Evaluation of stability characteristics of CO 2 hydrate after CO 2 was buried in a subsea surface layer hydrate:|[0083] (1) Adding a certain amount of seawater into the sapphire pipe 3, continuously injecting and pressurizing to a set pressure (higher than the sedimentation pressure P2 of the CO 2 hydrate in the seawater), and setting an experimental temperature; |[0084] (2) After the temperature is stable, a certain amount of liquid CO 2 is injected from the injection port 11, the stirring system 9 is started, about half of seawater is converted into CO 2 hydrate solid, a seawater-CO 2 hydrate solid coexisting environment is constructed, and at the moment, the CO 2 hydrate solid is settled at the lower part; |[0085] (3) A pipeline is connected from the injection port of the top end cover, the outlet of the pipeline is slightly higher than solid CO 2 hydrate, seawater is continuously injected from the pipeline, seawater is continuously discharged from the top end cover 6, a ocean current-like environment is created, the condition that the height of the CO 2 hydrate solid is reduced with time is observed, and the stability and decomposition characteristics of the CO 2 hydrate solid in the seawater are mastered. |[0086] 6. Evaluation of solid stability characteristics of CO 2 hydrate after CO 2 is buried in shallow sea floor hydrate:|[0087] (1) Adding a certain amount of wet sediment (100% of water content) into a sapphire pipe 3 (without a piston 2), injecting CO 2 into the sapphire pipe 3 after the temperature is stabilized, and converting water in the sediment into CO 2 hydrate; |[0088] (2) The pressure in the sapphire pipe 3 is reduced to about 0.3MPa above the phase equilibrium pressure of the CO 2 hydrate at the experimental temperature; |[0089] (3) The gaseous CO 2 in the seawater is replaced by connecting a pipeline from the inner side 5 of the top cover to construct an environment in which seawater-CO 2 hydrate solids coexist, and the seawater is continuously injected to be pressurized to simulate the shallow pressure of the seabed; |[0090] (4) First, the stability of the CO 2 hydrate solid (CO 2 hydrate solid on the contact surface of the sapphire pipe 3 and the sediment) is seen under static state; |[0091] (5) For ocean current environment, seawater is injected from a pipeline connected with the top end cover 5, seawater is discharged from the other outlet 6, the amount of CO 2 obtained by flashing the discharged seawater is collected, if no CO 2 is produced, the stability of CO 2 hydrate solids in the sediment is good, if CO 2 is produced, the decomposition speed of CO 2 hydrate solids in the sediment is calculated by combining the yield. |[0092] Study of the upward and downward pressure of liquid CO 2 in seawater:|[0093] (1) Filling (100 mL) the sapphire pipe 3 (without a piston 2 and placed vertically) with seawater near the cold spring mouth of the south China sea Hippocampus in the intermediate container 15 by using a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14, pressurizing to an initial given pressure of 10MPa, setting an experimental temperature of 4 ℃ by using a high-low temperature test box 17 (simulating the seabed temperature near the cold spring of the south China sea Hippocampus), and simultaneously increasing the pressure of the CO 2 (pre-added with Sudan red) storage tank 12 to 10MPa; |[0094] (2) After the temperature and pressure are stable, about 1mL of liquid CO 2 is injected from the injection port 11 at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under constant pressure, and the CO 2 is found to float to the top of the device quickly, which means that the density of the liquid CO 2 is smaller than the given sea water density under 10 MPa; |[0095] (3) Then, the initial pressure of the seawater and the liquid CO 2 is pressurized by taking 1MPa as a pressure gradient, and then the step (2) is carried out, and the liquid CO 2 is found to be stable and not float up at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under 27 MPa; |[0096] (4) And then the initial pressure of the sea water and the liquid CO 2 is reduced by taking 0.1MPa as the pressure gradient, the liquid CO 2 is found to be stable and not float at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under 26.6MPa, the liquid CO 2 slowly floats at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under 26.5MPa, and finally the initial sinking pressure of the liquid CO 2 in the sea water near the cold spring of the sea horse in the south China sea is determined to be 26.6MPa, namely, the required pressure is not lower than 26.6MPa when the liquid CO 2 is required to be stably sealed and not float at the sea floor near the cold spring of the sea horse in the south China sea. |[0097] Sedimentation and flotation pressure study of CO 2 hydrate solids in seawater:|[0098] (1) 60mL of seawater is injected from an injection port 11 of a sapphire pipe 3 (provided with a movable piston 2) by using a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14 (a kettle body is vertical, one end with a stirring system 9 is arranged below), the seawater pressure is pressed to 5MPa, and the experimental temperature is set to be 4 ℃; |[0099] (2) After the temperature is stable, 5mL of liquid CO 2 is injected from an injection port 11 (constant pressure injection under 5 MPa), a stirring system is started to synthesize some CO 2 hydrate solids on the sea water surface, and CO 2 hydrate particles generated under the action of the stirring system 9 are dispersed on the sea water surface; |[0100] (3) Then, a high-pressure pipeline connected with the injection port 6 is filled with hydraulic oil into the sapphire pipe 3, one end of the synthesized hydrate is pressurized at a speed of 1MPa/min through a piston, the pressure is stable for a period of time (10 minutes) at each pressure, and CO 2 hydrate solid particles floating on the surface of the seawater are found to start when the pressure is increased to 28 MPa; |[0101] (4) And gradually reducing the pressure at a speed of 0.1MPa/h by taking 28MPa as a starting point, stabilizing the pressure for a period of time (not less than 10 minutes) at each pressure, finding that CO 2 hydrate particles settled at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 start to float up again when the pressure is reduced to 27.3MPa, and finally determining that the initial settlement pressure of the CO 2 hydrate particles in the seawater at 4 ℃ is 27.4MPa. |[0102] The device established by the embodiment is low-temperature resistant, high-pressure resistant, visual and rotatable, the stability characteristics of the seabed surface layer and the shallow liquid and solid method after the CO 2 is buried in the seabed can be comprehensively evaluated by combining the established method, the ocean flow environment can be simulated, the influence of ocean current flow on the CO 2 seabed burying is analyzed, the experimental environment can truly reflect the ocean flow environment, the test data are truly and reliably, the practicability is strong, an important guiding function is provided for the establishment of an ocean storage CO 2 scheme, and the on-site practical application can be effectively guided.|[0103] The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims. | (CN119715966)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon dioxide sequestration, and particularly relates to a submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device and method.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Excessive emissions of CO 2 are one of the main causes of greenhouse effect, and the annual carbon dioxide emissions are increasing, making global warming more serious. According to statistics, by the end of 2019, the total emission amount of greenhouse gases in China accounts for 27% of the world, a feasible emission reduction scheme is searched, a low-carbon development target is achieved, the world development requirements are met, the ecological environment is protected, and a strategy target of sustainable development is achieved.|[0003] At present, the CO 2 sealing method mainly comprises a geological sealing method, a mineral sealing method and a marine sealing method, and compared with the former two methods, the marine CO 2 sealing method has the characteristics of large sealing space, easy operation, low cost and the like, and has a wider application prospect. The ocean CO 2 sealing and injecting method mainly comprises an indirect method (fertilization) and a direct injection method, wherein the indirect method is to fertilize the ocean, provide nutrient substances required by ocean plants, promote photosynthesis of the ocean plants to consume CO 2, cause unbalanced biological growth and are easy to cause other ecological problems and cannot be applied for a long time due to the fact that the nutrient substances are added, the direct injection method is to inject CO 2 trapped in the atmosphere into the ocean floor, and the characteristic that the density of liquid CO 2 is higher than that of sea water is utilized on the ocean floor in the deep sea, so that the liquid CO 2 stably sinks on the ocean floor, and the CO 2 further generates hydrate solid by utilizing the low-temperature high-pressure environment on the basis of the ocean floor, so that the stable sealing and storing effect is more remarkable. From the current reported results, the density of the liquid CO 2 at low pressure is obviously smaller than that of the seawater, and the density of the liquid CO 2 is larger than that of the seawater only after a certain pressure is reached, so that the requirement on the injection depth of CO 2 in the ocean is met, and the specific depth is not yet reported, and on the basis, the status characteristics of the CO 2 hydrate in the seawater are also rarely reported.|[0004] In summary, the actual state and characteristics of CO 2 in the marine environment (as a function of depth) in different phases (gas, liquid, solid) are not clear, which will affect the implementation and performance evaluation of the method for sequestering CO 2 in the ocean. The existing device for evaluating the CO 2 in the seawater is a blind kettle generally, the sinking-floating relation between the solid of the liquid CO 2、CO2 hydrate and the sediment at the bottom of the sea cannot be effectively observed, the visible evaluating and observing system has the defect of low pressure (basically less than 15 MPa), and in addition, the existing device is not fully designed and lacks the stability influence evaluating function of seawater flow and the like on the CO 2 in different phases.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide a submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device and method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.|[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for evaluating characteristics of a multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on a seabed, comprising:|[0007] The device comprises a test box, wherein a support is arranged in the test box, a reaction kettle is rotatably arranged on the support, the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire pipe, a top plate and a bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged at two ends of the sapphire pipe, and a magnetic stirring rotor is arranged in the sapphire pipe; |[0008] The motor is arranged on the bracket and is electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor; |[0009] A carbon dioxide storage unit which is communicated with the sapphire pipe through a pipeline passing through the carbon dioxide injection port; |[0010] The seawater container passes through the seawater inlet and outlet through a pipeline and is communicated with the sapphire pipe. |[0011] Optionally, one end of the motor passes through the bottom plate through a connecting wire to be electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor, and the other end of the motor is electrically connected with an intelligent speed regulating system through a connecting wire.|[0012] Optionally, the seawater container is also electrically connected with a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump.|[0013] Optionally, sealing rings are arranged at the contact positions of the two ends of the sapphire pipe and the top plate and the bottom plate.|[0014] Optionally, a movable piston is further arranged in the sapphire pipe.|[0015] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the seabed, which is applied to the device for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the seabed, and comprises:|[0016] Step S1, injecting seawater into a sapphire pipe, setting a temperature, and adjusting the seawater pressure in the sapphire pipe and the pressure of a carbon dioxide storage unit based on first preset pressure data; injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe, and gradually pressurizing the seawater based on preset gradient data in the injection process of the liquid carbon dioxide to obtain suspension stability pressure data of the liquid carbon dioxide which can stably suspend in the seawater and start sinking; |[0017] s2, estimating the escape characteristics of the liquid carbon dioxide by adjusting the spatial position of the sapphire pipe and combining the suspension stability pressure data, wherein the escape characteristics comprise longitudinal escape characteristics and transverse escape characteristics; |[0018] S3, installing a piston in the sapphire pipe, injecting seawater and carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe after the piston is installed to prepare carbon dioxide hydrate solid, dispersing the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater through a magnetic stirring rotor, performing pressure adjustment on the sapphire pipe, and determining the sedimentation pressure of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater; |[0019] and S4, evaluating the stability characteristics of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid on the seabed based on the sedimentation pressure. |[0020] Optionally, the evaluation procedure of the longitudinal escape feature includes:|[0021] continuously injecting seawater into the vertically placed sapphire pipe until reaching second preset pressure data, wherein the second preset pressure data is larger than the suspension stable pressure data; |[0022] Injecting carbon dioxide into the bottom of the sapphire pipe after the temperature is stable, recording time data of carbon dioxide diffusing to the top of the sapphire pipe, and calculating a first longitudinal dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide based on the recorded time data and the height of the sapphire pipe; |[0023] And continuously injecting seawater into the sapphire pipe and continuously flowing out the seawater to construct a seawater up-and-down flow environment, injecting carbon dioxide into the seawater up-and-down flow environment, and calculating a second longitudinal dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide. |[0024] Optionally, the evaluation procedure of the lateral escape feature includes:|[0025] continuously injecting seawater into the vertically placed sapphire pipe until reaching second preset pressure data, wherein the second preset pressure data is larger than the suspension stable pressure data; |[0026] injecting carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe after the temperature is stable, converting the sapphire pipe into a horizontal direction after the carbon dioxide is injected, monitoring the diffusion time of the carbon dioxide from one end to the other end in the sapphire pipe, and calculating a first transverse dissipation characteristic of the carbon dioxide based on the monitored diffusion time and the length of the sapphire pipe; |[0027] and (3) injecting seawater into the upper part of one end of the horizontally placed sapphire pipe under constant pressure, discharging seawater from the upper part of the other end, constructing a seawater horizontal flow environment, injecting carbon dioxide into the seawater horizontal flow environment, and calculating the second transverse escape characteristic of the carbon dioxide. |[0028] Optionally, adjusting the pressure of the sapphire pipe to determine the sedimentation pressure of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater, which specifically comprises:|[0029] the vertically placed sapphire pipe is subjected to pressure regulation of pressure rising and pressure reducing, and the sedimentation pressure of carbon dioxide hydrate solid particles dispersed in the seawater is determined in the pressure regulation process. |[0030] Optionally, the step S4 specifically includes:|[0031] evaluation of stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids at subsea surface layer: |[0032] Injecting quantitative seawater into the sapphire pipe until reaching third preset pressure data, wherein the third preset pressure data is larger than the sedimentation pressure; |[0033] Injecting quantitative liquid carbon dioxide after the temperature is stable, starting stirring to construct a seabed surface environment, and continuously injecting seawater and continuously flowing out the seawater into the sapphire pipe in the seabed surface environment to construct a first ocean current environment; |[0034] Observing the condition of the height change of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid with time in the ocean current environment of the first type to obtain the stability characteristic and the decomposition characteristic of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid on the seabed surface layer; |[0035] Evaluation of stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids at shallow seafloor: |[0036] Adding a certain amount of wet sediment into the sapphire pipe after the piston is removed, injecting carbon dioxide after the temperature is stable, and converting water in the wet sediment into carbon dioxide hydrate solid; |[0037] injecting seawater into the sapphire pipe based on third preset pressure data, and constructing a seabed shallow environment, wherein the static stability characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids on a seabed surface layer are observed in the seabed shallow environment; |[0038] And collecting the carbon dioxide amount flash-distilled from the discharged seawater in the second ocean current environment, and calculating the decomposition characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate solids in the wet sediment based on the flash-distilled carbon dioxide amount. |[0039] The invention has the technical effects that:|[0040] the invention provides |[0041] The device is low-temperature resistant, high-pressure resistant, visual and rotatable, the stability characteristics of the seabed surface layer and the shallow liquid and solid buried CO 2 can be comprehensively evaluated by combining the established method, the ocean flow environment can be simulated, the influence of ocean current flow on the CO 2 seabed buried CO 2 is analyzed, the experimental environment can truly reflect the ocean flow environment, the test data are truly and reliably available, the practicability is strong, an important guiding function is provided for formulating a scheme for sealing the CO 2 by ocean, and the on-site practical application can be effectively guided.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.|[0043] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:|[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for evaluating the stability of subsea buried CO 2 in an embodiment of the present invention; |[0045] The reference numbers indicate that the device comprises a sapphire reaction kettle 1, a piston, a sapphire pipe 3, a sealing ring 4, a seawater injection port 5, a seawater injection port 6, an exhaust port 7, a connecting screw rod 8, a bracket 9, a magnetic stirring rotor 10, a motor 11, a carbon dioxide injection port 12, a CO 2 storage tank 13, an intelligent speed regulating system 14, a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 15, an intermediate container 16, an internal connecting pipeline 17 and a high-low temperature test box. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0046] Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.|[0047] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.|[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although the invention has been described with reference to a preferred method, any method similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methodologies associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.|[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.|[0050] As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open ended terms, meaning including, but not limited to.|[0051] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.|[0052] Example 1|[0053] As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a device for evaluating characteristics of multi-phase carbon dioxide sequestration on the seabed is provided, including:|[0054] The device comprises a test box, wherein a support 8 is arranged in the test box, a reaction kettle is rotatably arranged on the support 8, the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire pipe 3, a top plate and a bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged at two ends of the sapphire pipe 3, a magnetic stirring rotor 9 is arranged in the sapphire pipe 3, a plurality of seawater inlets and outlets are formed in the top plate, and a carbon dioxide injection port is formed in the bottom plate; |[0055] A motor 10 mounted on the bracket 8, the motor 10 being electrically connected to the magnetic stirring rotor 9; |[0056] a carbon dioxide storage unit which is communicated with the sapphire pipe 3 through the carbon dioxide injection port by a pipeline; |[0057] and the seawater container is communicated with the sapphire pipe 3 through a pipeline passing through the seawater inlet and outlet. |[0058] A submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation method is applied to a submarine multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device, and comprises the following steps:|[0059] Step S1, injecting seawater into a sapphire pipe 3, setting a temperature, and adjusting the seawater pressure in the sapphire pipe 3 and the pressure of a carbon dioxide storage unit based on first preset pressure data, injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe 3, and gradually pressurizing the seawater based on preset gradient data in the injection process of the liquid carbon dioxide to obtain suspension stable pressure data of the liquid carbon dioxide which can stably suspend in the seawater and start sinking; |[0060] Step S2, estimating the escape characteristics of the liquid carbon dioxide by adjusting the spatial position of the sapphire pipe 3 and combining the suspension stability pressure data, wherein the escape characteristics comprise longitudinal escape characteristics and transverse escape characteristics; |[0061] Step S3, installing a piston 2 in the sapphire pipe 3, injecting seawater and carbon dioxide into the sapphire pipe 3 after the piston 2 is installed to prepare carbon dioxide hydrate solid, dispersing the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater through a magnetic stirring rotor 9, adjusting the pressure of the sapphire pipe 3, and determining the sedimentation pressure of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid in the seawater; |[0062] and S4, evaluating the stability characteristics of the carbon dioxide hydrate solid on the seabed based on the sedimentation pressure. |[0063] The embodiment aims to provide a device and a method for evaluating characteristics of submarine surface-shallow multi-phase sequestration CO 2. The device is resistant to low temperature and high pressure, can visually observe the state of CO 2 in seawater under different environments, and can simulate and research the sinking and floating characteristics, the diffusion characteristics, the carrying characteristics of seawater motion on CO 2, the sinking and floating characteristics of CO 2 hydrate solid and the like of liquid CO 2 after CO 2 is injected into seawater. The embodiment has important guiding significance for implementation scheme formulation of the ocean buried CO 2 method, and has wide application prospect.|[0064] The embodiment provides an experimental device for evaluating the stability of CO 2 buried in a seabed surface layer, which comprises a high-pressure-resistant sapphire pipe 3, a frame body 8 for fixing the sapphire pipe 3 and a control system 13 (used for controlling stirring speed). Wherein, one end of the frame body is provided with a motor 10, and the motor 10 can drive a magnetic stirring rotor 9 to provide stirring effect for the fluid in the sapphire pipe 3. The other end is provided with an end cover, the end cap is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet 6. The end cover end is connected with the motor end through four detachable screws 7, the sapphire pipe 3 is arranged in the middle of the four screws, two sealing rings 4 with different diameters are arranged at the contact parts of the sapphire pipe 3 and the two end frames, the sealing rings are used for sealing fluid in the sapphire pipe 3 under high pressure, and meanwhile buffering is applied between the contact surfaces of the sapphire pipe 3 and the frame. The sapphire pipe 3 is internally provided with a movable piston 2, and the kettle body carrying the sapphire pipe 3 can rotate and be fixed at any angle.|[0065] 1. Evaluation of initial sinking pressure of liquid CO 2 in seawater:|[0066] (1) The constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14 is adopted to fill the seawater in the intermediate container 15 into the sapphire pipe 3 (without the piston 2, placed vertically), the pressure is increased to a given pressure P 0, the experimental temperature is set through the high-low temperature test box 17, and meanwhile, the pressure of the CO 2 (with the Sudan red added in advance) storage tank 12 is also increased to P 0; |[0067] (2) After the temperature and pressure are stable, a small amount of liquid CO 2 is injected from the injection port 11 at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under constant pressure, and if CO 2 continuously floats upwards, the density of the liquid CO 2 is smaller than that of seawater under a given pressure; |[0068] (3) Pressurizing the initial pressure P 0 of the seawater, and then performing the step (2), finding out the pressure of the liquid CO 2 which can stably suspend in the seawater, and providing a calculation basis for the site selection depth of the CO 2 buried by the submarine liquid method. |[0069] 2. Evaluation of the longitudinal dissipation characteristics of CO 2 -seawater after CO 2 is buried by a submarine liquid method:|[0070] (1) Filling the sapphire pipe 3 (without the piston 2, placed vertically) with seawater in the intermediate container 15 by using the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14, and continuously injecting the seawater to an experimental set pressure P 1 (the pressure is greater than a suspension stabilizing pressure P 0 of liquid CO 2 in the seawater); |[0071] (2) A certain amount of liquid CO 2 added with sudan red in advance is injected from the injection port 11 at the lower end of the sapphire pipe 3 at constant pressure, and whether the liquid CO 2 diffuses upwards in seawater is checked in a static state. If so, the time for CO 2 to diffuse to the top of the sapphire pipe 3 is recorded, and the apparent diffusion rate (height/migration time of the sapphire pipe 3) is calculated; |[0072] (3) For the environment with up-and-down ocean current movement, a pipeline can be further connected to the sapphire pipe 3 from the injection port of the top end cover, the outlet of the pipeline is slightly higher than the surface of the liquid CO 2, seawater is continuously injected from the pipeline, seawater is continuously discharged from the other outlet 6 of the top end cover, a seawater up-and-down flow environment is created, the time for the liquid CO 2 to diffuse from the bottom to the top under the action of the up-and-down flow of the seawater is mastered, and the apparent diffusion speed is calculated. And the influence of the flow rate of seawater can be further analyzed. |[0073] 3. Evaluation of CO 2 -transverse CO 2 -seawater dissipation characteristics after CO 2 is buried by a submarine liquid method:|[0074] (1) Filling the sapphire pipe 3 (without the piston 2, placed vertically) with the seawater in the intermediate container 15 by using a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14, and continuously injecting the seawater to an experimental set pressure P 1 (the pressure is greater than a suspension stabilizing pressure P 0 of liquid CO 2 in the seawater); |[0075] (2) Injecting a certain amount of liquid CO 2 with Sudan red added in advance from the injection opening 11 at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 at constant pressure (the pressure is maintained unchanged by slowly discharging seawater from the top of the sapphire pipe 3 in the process of injecting CO 2), turning the device into a horizontal direction after the injection, viewing the transverse diffusion characteristic of CO 2 in seawater under static state, monitoring the time of diffusing CO 2 from one end to the other end of the sapphire pipe 3, calculating the apparent diffusion speed, and comparing with the longitudinal diffusion speed; |[0076] (3) For the horizontal ocean current movement, after fluid (seawater and liquid CO 2) is injected, the sapphire pipe 3 is turned into the horizontal state (the position with the fluid injection port on the end cover is above), the density difference is utilized, the upper layer in the horizontal pipe is seawater, the lower layer is liquid CO 2, then the seawater is injected from the injection port of the sapphire pipe 3, the seawater is discharged from the injection port 11 at the other end (under constant pressure), a seawater horizontal flow environment is created, the change condition of the height of the liquid CO 2 along with time is measured in the experimental process, and the carrying effect of the seawater on CO 2 in the seawater horizontal flow environment is mastered. |[0077] 4. Evaluation of the settling pressure of CO 2 hydrate solids in seawater:|[0078] (1) Injecting a certain amount of seawater (with the kettle body standing up and one end with the stirring system 9 down) from the injection port 11 of the sapphire pipe 3 (provided with the piston 2) by using a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14, and setting an experimental temperature; |[0079] (2) After the temperature is stable, a certain amount of CO 2 (between 4 and 5 MPa) is injected from an injection port 11 to synthesize some CO 2 hydrate solid on the surface layer of the seawater, and a stirring system 9 is started to disperse CO 2 hydrate particles in the seawater; |[0080] (3) Then connecting a high-pressure pipeline at the injection port 6 to pressurize the sapphire pipe 3 at 1MPa/h, stabilizing for a period of time (not less than 10 minutes) under each pressure, and determining the initial sinking pressure P 2 of CO 2 hydrate solid particles dispersed in seawater; |[0081] (4) And then gradually reducing the pressure by 0.1MPa/h with P 2 as a starting point, stabilizing the pressure for a period of time (not less than 10 minutes) at each pressure, and further accurately quantifying the P 2. |[0082] 5. Evaluation of stability characteristics of CO 2 hydrate after CO 2 was buried in a subsea surface layer hydrate:|[0083] (1) Adding a certain amount of seawater into the sapphire pipe 3, continuously injecting and pressurizing to a set pressure (higher than the sedimentation pressure P2 of the CO 2 hydrate in the seawater), and setting an experimental temperature; |[0084] (2) After the temperature is stable, a certain amount of liquid CO 2 is injected from the injection port 11, the stirring system 9 is started, about half of seawater is converted into CO 2 hydrate solid, a seawater-CO 2 hydrate solid coexisting environment is constructed, and at the moment, the CO 2 hydrate solid is settled at the lower part; |[0085] (3) A pipeline is connected from the injection port of the top end cover, the outlet of the pipeline is slightly higher than solid CO 2 hydrate, seawater is continuously injected from the pipeline, seawater is continuously discharged from the top end cover 6, a ocean current-like environment is created, the condition that the height of the CO 2 hydrate solid is reduced with time is observed, and the stability and decomposition characteristics of the CO 2 hydrate solid in the seawater are mastered. |[0086] 6. Evaluation of solid stability characteristics of CO 2 hydrate after CO 2 is buried in shallow sea floor hydrate:|[0087] (1) Adding a certain amount of wet sediment (100% of water content) into a sapphire pipe 3 (without a piston 2), injecting CO 2 into the sapphire pipe 3 after the temperature is stabilized, and converting water in the sediment into CO 2 hydrate; |[0088] (2) The pressure in the sapphire pipe 3 is reduced to about 0.3MPa above the phase equilibrium pressure of the CO 2 hydrate at the experimental temperature; |[0089] (3) The gaseous CO 2 in the seawater is replaced by connecting a pipeline from the inner side 5 of the top cover to construct an environment in which seawater-CO 2 hydrate solids coexist, and the seawater is continuously injected to be pressurized to simulate the shallow pressure of the seabed; |[0090] (4) First, the stability of the CO 2 hydrate solid (CO 2 hydrate solid on the contact surface of the sapphire pipe 3 and the sediment) is seen under static state; |[0091] (5) For ocean current environment, seawater is injected from a pipeline connected with the top end cover 5, seawater is discharged from the other outlet 6, the amount of CO 2 obtained by flashing the discharged seawater is collected, if no CO 2 is produced, the stability of CO 2 hydrate solids in the sediment is good, if CO 2 is produced, the decomposition speed of CO 2 hydrate solids in the sediment is calculated by combining the yield. |[0092] Study of the upward and downward pressure of liquid CO 2 in seawater:|[0093] (1) Filling (100 mL) the sapphire pipe 3 (without a piston 2 and placed vertically) with seawater near the cold spring mouth of the south China sea Hippocampus in the intermediate container 15 by using a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14, pressurizing to an initial given pressure of 10MPa, setting an experimental temperature of 4 ℃ by using a high-low temperature test box 17 (simulating the seabed temperature near the cold spring of the south China sea Hippocampus), and simultaneously increasing the pressure of the CO 2 (pre-added with Sudan red) storage tank 12 to 10MPa; |[0094] (2) After the temperature and pressure are stable, about 1mL of liquid CO 2 is injected from the injection port 11 at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under constant pressure, and the CO 2 is found to float to the top of the device quickly, which means that the density of the liquid CO 2 is smaller than the given sea water density under 10 MPa; |[0095] (3) Then, the initial pressure of the seawater and the liquid CO 2 is pressurized by taking 1MPa as a pressure gradient, and then the step (2) is carried out, and the liquid CO 2 is found to be stable and not float up at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under 27 MPa; |[0096] (4) And then the initial pressure of the sea water and the liquid CO 2 is reduced by taking 0.1MPa as the pressure gradient, the liquid CO 2 is found to be stable and not float at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under 26.6MPa, the liquid CO 2 slowly floats at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 under 26.5MPa, and finally the initial sinking pressure of the liquid CO 2 in the sea water near the cold spring of the sea horse in the south China sea is determined to be 26.6MPa, namely, the required pressure is not lower than 26.6MPa when the liquid CO 2 is required to be stably sealed and not float at the sea floor near the cold spring of the sea horse in the south China sea. |[0097] Sedimentation and flotation pressure study of CO 2 hydrate solids in seawater:|[0098] (1) 60mL of seawater is injected from an injection port 11 of a sapphire pipe 3 (provided with a movable piston 2) by using a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 14 (a kettle body is vertical, one end with a stirring system 9 is arranged below), the seawater pressure is pressed to 5MPa, and the experimental temperature is set to be 4 ℃; |[0099] (2) After the temperature is stable, 5mL of liquid CO 2 is injected from an injection port 11 (constant pressure injection under 5 MPa), a stirring system is started to synthesize some CO 2 hydrate solids on the sea water surface, and CO 2 hydrate particles generated under the action of the stirring system 9 are dispersed on the sea water surface; |[0100] (3) Then, a high-pressure pipeline connected with the injection port 6 is filled with hydraulic oil into the sapphire pipe 3, one end of the synthesized hydrate is pressurized at a speed of 1MPa/min through a piston, the pressure is stable for a period of time (10 minutes) at each pressure, and CO 2 hydrate solid particles floating on the surface of the seawater are found to start when the pressure is increased to 28 MPa; |[0101] (4) And gradually reducing the pressure at a speed of 0.1MPa/h by taking 28MPa as a starting point, stabilizing the pressure for a period of time (not less than 10 minutes) at each pressure, finding that CO 2 hydrate particles settled at the bottom of the sapphire pipe 3 start to float up again when the pressure is reduced to 27.3MPa, and finally determining that the initial settlement pressure of the CO 2 hydrate particles in the seawater at 4 ℃ is 27.4MPa. |[0102] The device established by the embodiment is low-temperature resistant, high-pressure resistant, visual and rotatable, the stability characteristics of the seabed surface layer and the shallow liquid and solid method after the CO 2 is buried in the seabed can be comprehensively evaluated by combining the established method, the ocean flow environment can be simulated, the influence of ocean current flow on the CO 2 seabed burying is analyzed, the experimental environment can truly reflect the ocean flow environment, the test data are truly and reliably, the practicability is strong, an important guiding function is provided for the establishment of an ocean storage CO 2 scheme, and the on-site practical application can be effectively guided.|[0103] The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims. | Family Number|(113999997)|113999997|Abstract|(CN119715966 A)|The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon dioxide sequestration , and discloses a seabed multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device and method . The device comprises a test box , a support is installed in the test box , a reaction kettle is installed on the support , the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire tube , a top plate and a bottom plate , and the top plate and the bottom plate are installed at the two ends of the sapphire tube ; a magnetic stirring rotor is arranged in the sapphire tube ; a plurality of seawater inlets and outlets are formed in the top plate ; a carbon dioxide injection opening is formed in the bottom plate ; the motor is mounted on the bracket , and the motor is electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor ; the carbon dioxide storage unit penetrates through the carbon dioxide injection port through a pipeline and is communicated with the sapphire tube ; and the seawater container penetrates through the seawater inlet and outlet through a pipeline and is communicated with the sapphire tube . According to the technical scheme , the stability of CO2 in different phase states can be evaluated . | | Analysis of biological materials|Control | G01M-010/00|G01N-033/18|G09B-025/00 | G01M-010/00|G01N-033/18|G09B-025/00 | CN114053969|CN117451948|CN116585981|CN219836484U|CN116312183|CN110980734|CN110586013|CN103940818|JP06226047|JP04083528 | CN114053969 98762693 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=X|CN117451948 108302168 WHO=Examiner SELF=Y CAT=A|CN116585981 106131163 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN219836484U 106877208 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN116312183 105520776 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN110980734 88257041 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN110586013 87027022 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN103940818 66836725 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|JP06226047 28463588 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|JP04083528 23725194 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | 李洛丹;刘妮;刘道平;: "二氧化碳海洋封存的研究进展", 能源与环境, no. 06, 31 December 2008 (2008-12-31) (Cat. A) | JP04083528; JP06226047; CN103940818; CN110586013; CN110980734; CN114053969; CN116312183; CN116585981; CN219836484U; CN117451948 | PENDING | (CN119715966)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN119715966)|ALIVE | (CN119715966)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN119715966|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-01-10|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-01-10|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202510038520|Application date=2025-01-10|Standardized application number=2025CN-0038520|Event publication date=2025-03-28|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN119715966|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-03-28|Standardized publication number=CN119715966|Event publication date=2025-03-28|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-04-15|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN119715966)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoTM/ywobWbsXlfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077003022&ekey=2327&xpn=CN119715966&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=vX2n6cL44uUaEUSChePzx5NXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN119715966)|CN | (CN119715966)|NAME=SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN119715966)|NAME=LIU DONGMEI;BEIJING ZHUOSHENG BAIDA IP AGENT LTD. , REG=16026 | (CN119715966)|NAME=LIU HUANG|NAME=LIU YANGFEI|NAME=TANG LINWEI|NAME=GUO PING|NAME=LI QINGPING|NAME=LIAO JUN | Titre: (CN119715966)|Device and method for evaluating characteristics of seabed multi-phase sealed carbon dioxide Résumé: (CN119715966)|The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean carbon dioxide sequestration, and discloses a seabed multiphase sequestration carbon dioxide characteristic evaluation device and method.The device comprises a test box, a support is installed in the test box, a reaction kettle is installed on the support, the reaction kettle comprises a sapphire tube, a top plate and a bottom plate, and the top plate and the bottom plate are installed at the two ends of the sapphire tube; a magnetic stirring rotor is arranged in the sapphire tube; a plurality of seawater inlets and outlets are formed in the top plate; a carbon dioxide injection opening is formed in the bottom plate; the motor is mounted on the bracket, and the motor is electrically connected with the magnetic stirring rotor; the carbon dioxide storage unit penetrates through the carbon dioxide injection port through a pipeline and is communicated with the sapphire tube; and the seawater container penetrates through the seawater inlet and outlet through a pipeline and is communicated with the sapphire tube. According to the technical scheme, the stability of CO2 in different phase states can be evaluated. | 83.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on evaluating carbon dioxide sequestration characteristics rather than stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 10.0 | 0.0 | (CN119715966)|1 | (CN119715966)|9 | (CN119715966)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN119715966)|1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN119715966)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-03-28|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-1302|Number of Pages: NPAGES=11| | (CN119715966)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN119715966)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90 | CN202511249932 | CN202511249932 | CN121062889 | 116915888 | CN121062889 A 2025-12-05 [CN121062889] | 2025-09-03 | 2025-09-03 | 2025-12-05 | (CN121062889)|2045-09-03 | (CN121062889)|Floating wind power platform self-energized carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system | (CN121062889)|The invention discloses a floating wind power platform self-energized carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system, which comprises a floating platform foundation, which comprises a plurality of buoy parts, and the buoy parts are integrated through connecting parts; the double-path carbon capture subsystem comprises an air carbon capture module and a seawater carbon capture module; the air carbon capture module introduces air into the adsorption module through negative pressure, and selectively adsorbs CO2 in the air; the seawater carbon capturing module is used for separating out CO2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode; the carbon sequestration subsystem is used for compressing, liquefying and sequestration the CO2 conveyed by the double-path carbon capture subsystem; and the wind power function subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower and power distribution equipment for supplying power to each subsystem. The platform is reasonable in configuration and high in function integration degree, has the advantages of wind energy driving, autonomous operation, continuous carbon capture, on-site storage and the like, is particularly suitable for deep and far sea areas without seabed pipe networks and far away from shore-based power grids, and can be used for application scenes such as wind power plant carbon compensation and ocean carbon removal. | CHENGXI SHIPYARD|HANCHEN ELITE MARINE ENGINEERING JIANGSU | (CN121062889)|CHENGXI SHIPYARD CO. LTD. ([CN])|HANCHEN ELITE MARINE ENGINEERING (JIANGSU) CO., LTD. | SHEN YONG|LIU JIAN|YAN XINGCHUN|WANG XIKUN|LIU HUAXING | (CN121062889)|SHEN YONG|LIU JIAN|YAN XINGCHUN|WANG XIKUN|LIU HUAXING | (CN121062889)|LI HONGJIE;WUXI YIHAI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)|Reg. Nb: 32247 | (CN121062889)|Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technology is a key path for controlling the concentration of atmospheric CO _2 and promoting the realization of carbon neutralization targets, and has been widely focused and studied in recent years, wherein the ocean has the advantages of a stable deposition environment in deep open sea areas, a wide sequestration space and a far-apart ecologically sensitive area, and becomes an important ecologically sensitive area for future carbon sequestration and an important carrier for future carbon sequestration.|The invention has the advantages that wind energy is captured by the wind turbine at the top of the central pontoon, is converted into electric energy after being transmitted into a power generation system through the main shaft, and is sequentially processed by the rectifying, voltage stabilizing, power distribution and energy scheduling modules, and power is supplied to the pontoon A (air carbon capturing module), the pontoon B (sea water carbon capturing module) and the pontoon C (compression storage module) through cables in the connecting rod.|The platform disclosed by the invention has the advantages of reasonable configuration, high functional integration level, wind energy driving, autonomous running, continuous carbon capturing, on-site storage and the like, is particularly suitable for deep-open sea areas without submarine pipe networks and far away from shore-based power grids, and can be used for application scenes such as wind power plant carbon compensation, ocean-based CDR (complementary-based CDR) and the like.|However, there are still significant limitations on the technical layout and application mode of current offshore CCS systems, and it is difficult to adapt to the working requirements of deep open sea areas.|In addition, although some systems try to combine renewable energy sources such as offshore wind power, most of the systems are simply combined in parallel by wind power and CCS, deep coupling of energy supply and each functional unit of the CCS is not realized, fluctuation of wind power output (such as wind speed change and night low power generation state) cannot be balanced with an energy storage mechanism through effective energy scheduling, so that core links such as carbon capture and compression are often interrupted due to unstable power supply, and continuous operation requirements are difficult to meet.|The defects are formed by the fact that the prior art cannot break through the limitations of 'functional separation, energy external supply and insufficient environment suitability' in the design concept, on one hand, the technical research and development is focused on the performance improvement of a single CCS link, the integrated collaborative design of a system level is neglected, so that high-efficiency linkage is difficult to form among units, and on the other hand, the special operation conditions of 'ashore support, environment complexity and limited energy supply' of a deep and open sea area are not considered, and the design of the energy self-sourced main supply, the structural stability guarantee and the environment suitability is not incorporated into the whole technical framework.| | (CN121062889)|1. Floating wind power platform self-powered carbon entrapment and deep sea seals up and deposits integration system, its characterized in that includes: The floating platform foundation comprises a plurality of floating pontoon parts, wherein the floating pontoon parts are integrated through connecting parts to form a floating platform floating on the water surface, the floating pontoon parts are configured as carriers of all subsystems, and all the subsystems transmit and transport substances or energy through the connecting parts; the double-path carbon capture subsystem comprises an air carbon capture module and a seawater carbon capture module, wherein the air carbon capture module introduces air into the adsorption module through negative pressure and selectively adsorbs CO 2 in the air, and the seawater carbon capture module separates out CO 2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode; the carbon sealing subsystem compresses, liquefies and seals CO 2 conveyed by the dual-path carbon trapping subsystem; The wind power functional subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower and power distribution equipment for supplying power to each subsystem. | | (CN121062889)|The invention discloses a self-powered carbon capturing and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform, which comprises a floating platform foundation, a wind power functional subsystem and a wind power functional subsystem, wherein the floating platform foundation comprises a plurality of floating barrel parts, the floating barrel parts are integrated through connecting parts, the dual-path carbon capturing subsystem comprises an air carbon capturing module and a seawater carbon capturing module, the air carbon capturing module introduces air into an adsorption module through negative pressure and selectively adsorbs CO 2 in the air, the seawater carbon capturing module separates out CO 2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode, the carbon sealing subsystem compresses, liquefies and seals CO 2 conveyed by the dual-path carbon capturing subsystem, and the wind power functional subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower and power distribution equipment for supplying power to each subsystem.|The invention relates to a self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform, which is particularly suitable for a wind energy utilization and carbon dioxide capture and sealing cooperative system in a deep open sea area.|The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering and carbon neutralization, in particular to a self-powered carbon capturing and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform.| | (CN121062889)|FLOATING WINDPOWER PLATFORM(100,15)|WINDPOWER PLATFORM(100,15)|FLOATING PLATFORM FOUNDATION(100,10)|CARBON POWER(100,1)|FLOATING PONTOON(90,6)|FLOATING BARREL(84,2)|SUBSYSTEM FUNCTION(80,7)|CARBON SEALING SUBSYSTEM COMPRESS(65,3)|DEEP SEA SEQUESTRATION(60,5)|ADSORPTION MODULE(59,3)|SEAWATER CARBON(51,7)|WINDPOWER FUNCTIONAL SUBSYSTEM(51,7)|POWERED CARBON ENTRAPMENT(51,1)|OCEAN CDR(50,1)|SUBSYSTEM(49,14)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE MODULE(48,4)|AUTONOMOUS RUNNING(47,2)|INSUFFICIENT ENVIRONMENT SUITABILITY(45,1)|FUTURE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(44,2)|ELECTROCHEMICAL SEPARATION MODULE(43,18)|ELECTROCHEMICAL SEPARATION MODE(43,4)|CARBON TRAPPING SUBSYSTEM(43,2)|OFFSHORE CCS(40,4)|MULTISTAGE COMPRESSION MODULE(39,9)|SEAWATER(38,53)|SUBMARINE PIPE NETWORK(38,2)|ADSORPTION BED(37,14)|CARBON COMPENSATION(37,2)|CARBON NEUTRALIZATION TARGET(37,1)|ENERGY SCHEDULING MODULE(37,1)|ENVIRONMENT SUITABILITY(37,1)|ROUGH FILTRATION MODULE(35,8)|ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREA(33,2)|WINDPOWER GENERATION TOWER(32,9)|REGENERATION MODULE(32,7)|CARBON NEUTRALIZATION(32,1)|TECHNICAL FRAMEWORK(32,1)|SUBSYSTEM CARRIER(31,3)|DEEP SEA SEAL(31,1)|TECHNICAL LAYOUT(31,1)|ENRICHMENT MODULE(30,10)|ENVIRONMENT COMPLEXITY(29,1)|TECHNICAL RESEARCH(29,1)|WORKING REQUIREMENT(29,1)|PONTOON(28,34)|STABLE DEPOSITION ENVIRONMENT(28,1)|ENERGY SCHEDULING(27,2)|INTEGRATION(27,1)|COMPRESSION STORAGE MODULE(26,1)|AIR CARBON(25,5)|AIR CARBON CAPTURE MODULE(25,5)|SELF POWERED CARBON(25,3)|DUAL PATH CARBON(25,2)|AMINO MODIFIED ADSORBENT PARTICLE(25,1)|SEPARATION FUNCTION(25,1)|STRUCTURAL STABILITY GUARANTEE(25,1)|SOLID ADSORPTION MODULE(24,6)|COUPLING DEPTH(24,1)|CARBON CAPTURE SUBSYSTEM(23,3)|EXTRACTED SEAWATER(23,3)|SHORE POWER GRID(23,3)|WIND ENERGY UTILIZATION(23,1)|BALLAST MODULE(22,9)|WINDPOWER(22,9)|DRIVING WIND ENERGY(22,2)|ELECTRICITY(22,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE(22,1)|OCEAN CARBON REMOVAL(22,1)|WIDE SEQUESTRATION SPACE(22,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(21,21)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(21,3)|NEGATIVE PRESSURE(21,3)|OCEAN ENGINEERING(21,1)|STABILIZATION(21,1)|CENTRAL PONTOON(20,5)|SALINITY ADJUSTMENT(20,3)|SEQUESTRATION(19,3)|SINGLE CCS LINK(19,1)|PLATFORM(18,8)|OPEN SEA DEPTH AREA(18,5)|ADJUSTING TANK(18,1)|CCS FUNCTIONAL UNIT(18,1)|DESIGN CONCEPT(18,1)|POWER GENERATION(18,1)|WIND TURBINE(18,1)|PH MONITORING MODULE(17,10)|FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION LEVEL(17,2)|INTEGRATED COLLABORATIVE DESIGN(17,1)|KEY PATH(17,1)|RECTIFYING(16,5)|CIRCULATION TREATMENT(16,3)|APPLICATION SCENE(16,2)|HEAT REGENERATION MODE(16,2)|SELF POWERED CARBON CAPTURE(15,4)|POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT(15,3)|SEA(15,3)|ENERGY DESIGN(15,1)|DEFECT(14,4)|CCS(14,2)|ENERGY EXTERNAL(14,1)|WINDPOWER OUTPUT FLUCTUATION(14,1)|POWER DISTRIBUTION(13,5)|OPEN SEA AREA(13,4)|ENERGY SUPPLY DEEP COUPLING(13,1)|BYPASS MODULE(12,9)|ANODE PLATE(12,2)|CATHODE PLATE(12,2)|STILL SIGNIFICANT LIMITATION(12,1)|WIND ENERGY(11,1)|PONTOON FUNCTION(10,3)|ALKALINITY REGULATOR(10,2)|NIGHT LOW(10,2)|PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT(10,1)|SEALING COOPERATIVE SYSTEM(10,1)|SEAWATER DIVERSION TRENCH(10,1)|SUBMARINE BASALT CRACK(10,1)|UNSTABLE POWER SUPPLY(10,1)|FILLER(9,3)|COARSE FILTRATION MODULE(9,2)|SEAWATER SALINITY DIFFERENCE(9,2)|CCS POPULARIZATION(9,1)|OFFSHORE WINDPOWER(9,1)|PONTOON CAPTURING SEAWATER CARBON(9,1)|WINDPOWER OUTPUT(9,1)|ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE(8,5)|POWER GRID(8,4)|AMINO MODIFIED ADSORPTION PARTICLE(8,3)|WINDPOWER PLANT(8,3)|ADSORBENT BED(8,2)|AWAY(8,2)|CONTROL PLATFORM(8,2)|DYNAMIC CATENARY(8,2)|PRETREATMENT MODULE(8,2)|RAW SEAWATER(8,2)|WIND SPEED CHANGE(8,2)|GUARANTEEING DIRECTIONAL PROGRESS(8,1)|PONTOON BULKHEAD(8,1)|REFRIGERANT REFRIGERATING CAPACITY(8,1)|SUPERCAPACITOR(7,4)|ELECTRODE STRUCTURE(7,3)|COMPRESSION LIQUEFACTION PURITY REQUIREMENT(7,1)|ENERGY SUPPLY(7,1)|GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION(7,1)|LIQUEFACTION MODULE REQUIREMENT(7,1)|MICROORGANISM SLIME(7,1)|ONLINE ALKALINITY MONITOR(7,1)|PONTOON ABSORPTION MODULE(7,1)|PREFILTERED SEAWATER(7,1)|PRETREATED SEAWATER(7,1)|R410A ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY REFRIGERANT(7,1)|RESINOUS FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL(7,1)|ELECTRODE REACTION(6,4)|MONITORING COMMUNICATION(6,3)|DISTRIBUTED POWER SUPPLY MODULE(6,2)|FUNCTIONAL UNIT(6,2)|SEAWATER TREATMENT(6,2)|ALKALINITY COMPENSATION(6,1)|APPLICATION MODE(6,1)|COOPERATIVE SYSTEM(6,1)|ELECTROLYTE CONTAMINATION(6,1)|ENGINEERING ADAPTABILITY(6,1)|INDUCED DRAFT FAN(6,1)|ONSHORE FACILITY(6,1)|RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE(6,1)|RESISTING SEA WAVE DISTURBANCE(6,1)|SEDIMENTARY ROCK STRATUM(6,1)|CONNECTING ROD(5,7)|ELECTRIC ENERGY(5,7)|CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR(5,4)|ENERGY STORAGE(5,4)|MAIN SHAFT(5,4)|COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT(5,3)|REACTION AREA(5,3)|SERVICE LIFE(5,3)|CENTRAL FLOATING PLATFORM(5,2)|COMPRESSION MODULE(5,2)|FLOATING BALL(5,2)|ION MIGRATION(5,2)|LITHIUM BATTERY PACK(5,2)|SAFETY RISK(5,2)|SUDDEN INCREASE(5,2)|SUPERFINE GLASS WOOL(5,2)|TRANSMISSION PIPELINE(5,2)|ACQUIRE SEAWATER(5,1)|BYPASS PIPELINE(5,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION SUBSYSTEM COMPRESS(5,1)|CONTINUOUS OPERATION REQUIREMENT(5,1)|CONTRADICTION SITUATION(5,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL INDUCTION REACTION(5,1)|ENDURANCE REQUIREMENT(5,1)|HIGH EFFICIENCY LINKAGE(5,1)|INTEGRAL PLATFORM FOUNDATION(5,1)|LEVELING SYSTEM(5,1)|LIQUEFACTION CONTAINMENT CONFIGURATION(5,1)|LIQUEFACTION REQUIREMENT(5,1)|MIGRATION DIRECTION(5,1)|NAFION MEMBRANE(5,1)|PERIODIC REGENERATION(5,1)|POLYSTYRENE DIVINYLBENZENE COPOLYMER(5,1)|POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE FILM PROTECTION(5,1)|PONTOON MODULE(5,1)|PONTOON REGENERATION PERIOD(5,1)|PONTOON STABILITY(5,1)|ROUGH FILTERING MODULE(5,1)|SALINITY CORRECTION(5,1)|SALINITY WINDOW(5,1)|SEA STORM(5,1)|SEAWATER DEPTH(5,1)|SEAWATER MIST(5,1)|SEAWATER SOAKING RESISTANCE(5,1)|TINY BUBBLE(5,1)|CONNECTING PART(4,7)|ROTATING SPEED(4,6)|WATER SURFACE(4,3)|BACK FLUSHING(4,2)|CARBON CAPTURE MODULE(4,2)|CORE EQUIPMENT(4,2)|DEEP SEA ENVIRONMENT(4,2)|DISPERSIBILITY(4,2)|FIXED COUNTERWEIGHT(4,2)|HEATED SLEEVE(4,2)|INTERLAYER(4,2)|LOAD REQUIREMENT(4,2)|REFRIGERANT COMPRESSOR(4,2)|WATER CONDENSATION(4,2)|ABSORPTION PERFORMANCE ATTENUATION(4,1)|ACCURATE REGULATION(4,1)|COARSE FILTER COTTON(4,1)|CONTROLLABLE PORE(4,1)|CONVEYING HOSE(4,1)|COOLING STANDBY(4,1)|CORROSION RESISTANT POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE(4,1)|DC AC INVERTER(4,1)|DEEP SEA OFFSHORE PLATFORM(4,1)|ELECTROCHEMICAL SEPARATION REACTION(4,1)|ELECTRODE POLARIZATION(4,1)|FILTERING PRECISION(4,1)|FUNCTIONAL BUOY(4,1)|HOSE INFLUENCE(4,1)|INSUFFICIENT ADSORPTION(4,1)|INTEGRATED QUICK FUZE(4,1)|ISOLATION CONDUIT(4,1)|LATE MAINTENANCE(4,1)|LIMITED ENERGY SUPPLY(4,1)|MINIATURE MAGNETIC PUMP(4,1)|MULTISTAGE SCREEN(4,1)|NEUTRALIZATION TREATMENT(4,1)|POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE ANTI CORROSION COATING(4,1)|POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE COATING(4,1)|PONTOON AIR INLET(4,1)|PRECISE PRETREATMENT(4,1)|REGENERATIVE HEAT(4,1)|REGULATION PRECISION(4,1)|REVERSE ENERGIZATION(4,1)|SAFETY PIPELINE(4,1)|SAND FILTRATION(4,1)|SEA SAND(4,1)|SEALING PIPELINE(4,1)|SEAWATER INJECTION(4,1)|SEAWATER PUMP(4,1)|SPECIAL OPERATION(4,1)|STORMY WAVE(4,1)|TEMPORARY BUFFER(4,1)|UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION(4,1)|WIRELESS COMMUNICATION MODULE(4,1)|WATER SUCTION PUMP(3,4)|AIR CARBON CAPTURE(3,3)|CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE(3,3)|DEEP SEA AREA(3,3)|REFRIGERANT CIRCULATION SYSTEM(3,3)|WIND WHEEL(3,3)|AC CONVERSION(3,1)|ADSORBENT LAYER(3,1)|ADSORPTION CAPACITY(3,1)|AIRFLOW UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW(3,1)|ANODE CHAMBER(3,1)|B3 SEAWATER CARBON(3,1)|BUFFER BAG(3,1)|CABLE BREAK(3,1)|CATHODE CHAMBER(3,1)|CHROMIUM CONTENT(3,1)|CO2 STORAGE MODULE(3,1)|COMPRESSOR WORK(3,1)|CONVEYING EQUIPMENT(3,1)|CORE SEALING LINK(3,1)|CORROSIVENESS(3,1)|DEDICATED FREQUENCY BAND(3,1)|DEEP SEA RESERVOIR(3,1)|DELIVERY HOSE(3,1)|DIETHYLENETRIAMINE(3,1)|DIPPING RESIN TREATMENT(3,1)|DISTRIBUTION MODULE(3,1)|EFFICIENCY BOTTLE(3,1)|ELASTIC JOINT(3,1)|ELECTRICAL NEUTRALITY(3,1)|ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE(3,1)|ELECTRONEUTRALITY(3,1)|ENERGY ALLOCATION(3,1)|ENERGY UTILIZATION(3,1)|ETHERNET(3,1)|EXPLOSION PROOF ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR(3,1)|FILTER LAYER BLOCKAGE(3,1)|FORCED CIRCULATION MODE(3,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY(3,1)|GAS BACKLOG(3,1)|GAS CONTAMINATION(3,1)|GAS DIFFUSIVITY(3,1)|HCO CHEMICAL BALANCE(3,1)|INJECTION REQUIREMENT(3,1)|INTERCEPTION(3,1)|INTERMEDIATE ELECTROLYTE(3,1)|KEY BARRIER(3,1)|LAYOUT STRUCTURE(3,1)|LEAKAGE RISK(3,1)|LIFTING AIRFLOW CONTACT(3,1)|MARINE EQUIPMENT(3,1)|MARINE GRADE MULTI CORE(3,1)|MARINE ORGANISM ADHESION RESISTANCE(3,1)|MARINE TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT(3,1)|MEASUREMENT PRECISION(3,1)|METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE(3,1)|MODULE ELECTROLYTIC TANK(3,1)|ORGANIC INTEGRATION(3,1)|PERFLUORINATED SULFONIC ACID RESIN(3,1)|PISTON COMPRESSOR OUTLET(3,1)|PONTOON MAIN(3,1)|PRECISE MODULE(3,1)|REACTION INTERRUPTION(3,1)|REALIZING ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION(3,1)|RECTIFICATION VOLTAGE(3,1)|REGENERATION CARBON RELEASE(3,1)|RESERVE ENERGY(3,1)|SALT EROSION(3,1)|SALT FOG(3,1)|SEALING DRYNESS(3,1)|SENSOR PRECISION(3,1)|SENSOR PROBE(3,1)|SILVER POWDER(3,1)|STABILITY ADJUSTMENT(3,1)|STABLE FILTERING(3,1)|STANDBY LOOP(3,1)|TERMINAL CORE MODULE(3,1)|TERNARY COATING(3,1)|VIBRATION TRANSMISSION(3,1)|VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION(3,1)|WEAKENING CHEMICAL(3,1)|ACIDITY(2,1)|ADJUSTABLE DAMPING SUPPORT(2,1)|ADJUSTABLE LIQUID TANK VOLUME(2,1)|ADSORBENT CHEMICAL REACTION(2,1)|ADSORPTION RATE(2,1)|AIR INTRODUCTION(2,1)|ANCHOR(2,1)|ANTICORROSIVE COATING(2,1)|ANTISEA(2,1)|BREAKER(2,1)|CABLE CHANNEL(2,1)|CAPTURING AIR CARBON(2,1)|CARBON CAPTURE PRIORITY(2,1)|CARBON SEALING TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT(2,1)|CARBON STABLE PERFORMANCE(2,1)|CARBONIC ACID CORROSION EQUIPMENT(2,1)|CCS STRUCTURAL DESIGN(2,1)|CENTRAL MONITORING(2,1)|CENTRAL PONTOON DESIGN(2,1)|COLLECTION FREQUENCY(2,1)|COMPACT LAYER PROTECTION(2,1)|CONCENTRATION SENSOR(2,1)|CONDITIONING(2,1)|CONTACTOR(2,1)|CONTROLLABILITY(2,1)|CONVERT CARBONATE ION(2,1)|COOLING MEDIUM(2,1)|CORE REACTION(2,1)|COUPLING FUNCTION(2,1)|COVERAGE(2,1)|DC CONVERTER(2,1)|DEEP SEA GEOLOGICAL LAYER(2,1)|DEEP SEA STORAGE(2,1)|DEEP SEAWATER STATIC PRESSURE(2,1)|DEHUMIDIFICATION FUNCTION(2,1)|DEVELOPING REACTION(2,1)|DOWNSTREAM EQUIPMENT(2,1)|DUAL REQUIREMENT(2,1)|ELECTRODE PAIR(2,1)|ENERGY HEART(2,1)|ENERGY WASTE(2,1)|EQUIPMENT STABILITY(2,1)|ETHYLENEDIAMINE(2,1)|FILLING HEIGHT(2,1)|SEA ENVIRONMENT(2,1)| | (CN121062889)|1. Floating wind power platform self-powered carbon entrapment and deep sea seals up and deposits integration system, its characterized in that includes:| The floating platform foundation comprises a plurality of floating pontoon parts, wherein the floating pontoon parts are integrated through connecting parts to form a floating platform floating on the water surface, the floating pontoon parts are configured as carriers of all subsystems, and all the subsystems transmit and transport substances or energy through the connecting parts; | the double-path carbon capture subsystem comprises an air carbon capture module and a seawater carbon capture module, wherein the air carbon capture module introduces air into the adsorption module through negative pressure and selectively adsorbs CO 2 in the air, and the seawater carbon capture module separates out CO 2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode; | the carbon sealing subsystem compresses, liquefies and seals CO 2 conveyed by the dual-path carbon trapping subsystem; | The wind power functional subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower and power distribution equipment for supplying power to each subsystem. |2. The integrated self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sequestration system of claim 1, wherein the air carbon capture module comprises a solid adsorption module, a regeneration module and a storage module, wherein an adsorption bed is arranged in the solid adsorption module, the adsorption bed is filled with functional materials for selectively adsorbing CO 2 in air, the regeneration module regenerates the adsorption bed in a heating regeneration mode and releases CO 2, and the desorbed CO 2 is sent to the storage module.|3. The floating wind power platform self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sequestration integrated system of claim 2, wherein the functional material comprises one or more of amino modified adsorbent particles, metal organic framework Materials (MOFs), resinous functional materials, porous carbon-based amino functional fillers.|4. The integrated self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sequestration system for the floating wind power platform according to claim 1, wherein the seawater capture module comprises a rough filtration module, a pretreatment and enrichment module, a pH monitoring module, an electrochemical separation module and a bypass module, the extracted seawater is filtered by the rough filtration module and then sent to the pretreatment and enrichment module, the seawater is subjected to temperature, pH, alkalinity and salinity adjustment, and the pH monitoring module detects that the seawater reaching standards is sent to the electrochemical separation module, otherwise the seawater is sent to the bypass module for circulation treatment.|5. The integrated self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sequestration system for a floating wind power platform according to claim 4, wherein an electrode structure is arranged in the electrochemical separation module, the electrode structure comprises anode plates and cathode plates which are symmetrically arranged, an ion exchange membrane is arranged between the electrodes, seawater is filled in the reaction area, the ion exchange membrane is a cation and anion exchange membrane, and CO 2 gas generated by the reaction is sent to the CO 2 storage module.|6. The self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system of the floating wind power platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that the carbon sealing subsystem comprises a multistage compression module, a liquefaction module and a storage tank which are sequentially arranged, wherein CO 2 gas is boosted by the multistage compression module and enters the liquefaction module to be cooled into liquid CO 2, and then the liquid CO 2 is stored in the storage tank.|7. The floating wind power platform self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sequestration integrated system of claim 1, wherein the wind power functional subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower, the wind power generation tower generates electricity and distributes the electricity to other subsystems to form self-power according to load demands through a distributed power supply module.|8. The integrated self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sequestration system for a floating wind power platform of claim 1, wherein the floating platform foundation further comprises a ballast module for longitudinal and lateral stabilization of the control platform by counterweight and tank adjustment. | (CN121062889)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering and carbon neutralization, in particular to a self-powered carbon capturing and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technology is a key path for controlling the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 and promoting the realization of carbon neutralization targets, and has been widely focused and studied in recent years, wherein the ocean has the advantages of a stable deposition environment in deep open sea areas, a wide sequestration space and a far-apart ecologically sensitive area, and becomes an important ecologically sensitive area for future carbon sequestration and an important carrier for future carbon sequestration. However, there are still significant limitations on the technical layout and application mode of current offshore CCS systems, and it is difficult to adapt to the working requirements of deep open sea areas. The existing offshore CCS system adopts a shore-based fixed or decentralized modularized design, under the design thought, all functional units of the system are often arranged independently and lack of organic integration, a carbon capture module is often required to provide power supply by relying on shore-based facilities, and special equipment and transmission pipelines are required to be additionally arranged in compression, liquefaction and sealing links of CO 2, so that the overall structure is strong in dispersibility. The dispersibility not only increases the occupied area and the space complexity of the system, but also is more critical that the material transmission (such as the transportation of CO 2 from the capturing end to the processing end) among the units is dependent on long-distance pipelines or marine transportation equipment, so that the loss and leakage risk of CO 2 in the transmission process are easily caused, and meanwhile, the difficulty of system installation and later maintenance is also improved.|[0003] From an energy supply perspective, existing offshore CCS systems have a strong dependence on external energy sources. The adsorption regeneration, the compression liquefaction of CO 2 and the operation of related equipment in the carbon capturing process are all required to be continuously supported by stable electric energy, but the deep sea area lacks direct coverage of a shore-based power grid, if electric energy is obtained from a shore base by laying long-distance submarine cables, the construction cost is high, the energy consumption is lost due to the fact that the electric energy transmission distance is too long, if independent fuel oil power generation or other fossil energy power supply equipment is adopted, carbon emission is additionally generated, and the contradiction of the low-carbon initial purpose of the CCS technology is formed, so that the contradiction situation of 'emission reduction and emission increase' is formed, and the carbon emission reduction benefit of the system is weakened. In addition, although some systems try to combine renewable energy sources such as offshore wind power, most of the systems are simply combined in parallel by wind power and CCS, deep coupling of energy supply and each functional unit of the CCS is not realized, fluctuation of wind power output (such as wind speed change and night low power generation state) cannot be balanced with an energy storage mechanism through effective energy scheduling, so that core links such as carbon capture and compression are often interrupted due to unstable power supply, and continuous operation requirements are difficult to meet.|[0004] The short plates of the prior art are more prominent in adapting to the complex environment of deep open sea. The deep sea area is faced with severe working conditions such as high wind speed, large waves and strong salt mist, the structural design of the traditional CCS system does not fully consider the influence of the environment on equipment stability, for example, the distributed modules lack a uniform structural support and stability adjustment mechanism, displacement, inclination and even damage are easy to occur under the action of wind and wave load, functional materials for adsorbing CO 2 in the carbon capture module are not suitable and optimized for the deep sea high salt mist air environment, absorption performance attenuation is easy to be caused by salt erosion after long-term use, carbon capture efficiency is reduced, and storage and conveying equipment after CO 2 compression and liquefaction also often lacks a pressure stabilizing and shock absorbing design for resisting sea wave disturbance, so that the safety risk of leakage of liquid CO 2 is increased.|[0005] The defects are formed by the fact that the prior art cannot break through the limitations of 'functional separation, energy external supply and insufficient environment suitability' in the design concept, on one hand, the technical research and development is focused on the performance improvement of a single CCS link, the integrated collaborative design of a system level is neglected, so that high-efficiency linkage is difficult to form among units, and on the other hand, the special operation conditions of 'ashore support, environment complexity and limited energy supply' of a deep and open sea area are not considered, and the design of the energy self-sourced main supply, the structural stability guarantee and the environment suitability is not incorporated into the whole technical framework. These defects finally cause the poor engineering adaptability, high running cost and low carbon emission reduction efficiency of the existing offshore CCS system in the deep sea area, can not meet the requirements of wind power plants, deep sea offshore platforms and other scenes on-site carbon capture and sequestration, and restrict the large-scale application and popularization of the CCS technology in the marine carbon sink field.|[0006] For the above reasons, it is necessary to provide a self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sequestration integrated system for a floating wind power platform to solve the above problems.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a self-powered carbon capturing and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform.|[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:| Self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system of floating wind power platform includes: | The floating platform foundation comprises a plurality of floating pontoon parts, wherein the floating pontoon parts are integrated through connecting parts to form a floating platform floating on the water surface, the floating pontoon parts are configured as carriers of all subsystems, and all the subsystems transmit and transport substances or energy through the connecting parts; | the double-path carbon capture subsystem comprises an air carbon capture module and a seawater carbon capture module, wherein the air carbon capture module introduces air into the adsorption module through negative pressure and selectively adsorbs CO 2 in the air, and the seawater carbon capture module separates out CO 2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode; | the carbon sealing subsystem compresses, liquefies and seals CO 2 conveyed by the dual-path carbon trapping subsystem; | The wind power functional subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower and power distribution equipment for supplying power to each subsystem. |[0009] Further, the air carbon capturing module comprises a solid adsorption module, a regeneration module and a storage module, wherein an adsorption bed is arranged in the solid adsorption module, functional materials for selectively adsorbing CO 2 in air are filled in the adsorption bed, the regeneration module regenerates the adsorption bed in a heating regeneration mode and releases CO 2, and desorbed CO 2 is sent to the storage module.|[0010] Further, the functional material comprises one or more of amino modified adsorption particles, metal organic framework Materials (MOFs), resin type functional materials and porous carbon-based amino functional fillers.|[0011] Further, the seawater carbon capturing module comprises a rough filtration module, a pretreatment and enrichment module, a pH monitoring module, an electrochemical separation module and a bypass module, wherein the extracted seawater is filtered by the rough filtration module and then is sent to the pretreatment and enrichment module, the seawater is subjected to temperature, pH, alkalinity and salinity adjustment, and the pH monitoring module detects that the seawater reaches the standard and is sent to the electrochemical separation module, otherwise, the seawater is sent to the bypass module for circulation treatment.|[0012] Further, an electrode structure is arranged in the electrochemical separation module, the electrode structure comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate which are symmetrically arranged, an ion exchange membrane is arranged between the electrodes, seawater is filled in the reaction area, the ion exchange membrane is a cation and anion exchange membrane, and CO 2 gas generated by the reaction is sent to the CO 2 storage module.|[0013] The carbon sealing subsystem comprises a multistage compression module, a liquefaction module and a storage tank which are sequentially arranged, wherein CO 2 gas is boosted by the multistage compression module and enters the liquefaction module to be cooled into liquid CO 2, and then is stored in the storage tank.|[0014] Further, the wind power functional subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower, the wind power generation tower generates power and distributes electric energy to other subsystems through the distributed power supply module according to load requirements to form self-energy supply.|[0015] Further, the floating platform foundation further comprises a ballast module, and longitudinal and transverse stability of the control platform is regulated through the counterweight and the liquid tank.|[0016] The invention has the advantages that wind energy is captured by the wind turbine at the top of the central pontoon, is converted into electric energy after being transmitted into a power generation system through the main shaft, and is sequentially processed by the rectifying, voltage stabilizing, power distribution and energy scheduling modules, and power is supplied to the pontoon A (air carbon capturing module), the pontoon B (sea water carbon capturing module) and the pontoon C (compression storage module) through cables in the connecting rod. Buoy A operates adsorption-desorption cycle to stably output high-purity CO 2 gas, buoy B converts carbonate ions in seawater into CO 2 gas based on electrochemical induction reaction, and outputs the CO 2 gas to buoy C. And the pontoon C uniformly receives two paths of CO 2 gas, compresses, cools and liquefies, and finally seals and stores the two paths of CO 2 gas into a deep sea geological layer through a high-pressure pump, so that the integrated operation of the whole carbon trapping and sealing process in the open sea environment is realized.|[0017] The platform disclosed by the invention has the advantages of reasonable configuration, high functional integration level, wind energy driving, autonomous running, continuous carbon capturing, on-site storage and the like, is particularly suitable for deep-open sea areas without submarine pipe networks and far away from shore-based power grids, and can be used for application scenes such as wind power plant carbon compensation, ocean-based CDR (complementary-based CDR) and the like.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a floating platform foundation of the present invention;| FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the center pontoon according to the invention; | FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an air carbon capture buoy in accordance with the present invention; | FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seawater carbon capture buoy of the invention; | FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the liquefaction containment buoy of the present invention; | FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the system of the present invention; | In the figure, 1, a central pontoon, 2, a pontoon A, 3, a pontoon B, 4, a pontoon C,5, a ballast module, 6, a connecting box, 7, a connecting rod, 8, a wind power generation tower, 9, a marine multi-core cable, 10, a wind pressure induced fan, 11, a pipeline, 12, a flexible high-voltage conveying hose, 101, a generator, 102, a distribution device, 103, a rectification voltage regulating module, 104, a distributed power supply module, 105, a monitoring communication device, 106, an energy storage device, 201, a solid adsorption module, 202, a regeneration module, 203, a storage module, 301, a bracket structure, 302, a water pumping pipe, 303, a water pumping pump, 304, a water diversion pipe, 305, a rough filtration module, 306, a pretreatment and enrichment module, 307, a pH monitoring module, 308, a bypass module, 309, an electrochemical separation module, 310, an ion exchange membrane, 311, an electrode plate, 312, a power supply control system, 313, an electrolyte, 314, a CO2 storage module, 401, a liquefaction module, 402, a multistage compression module, 403, a storage tank, 404 and a high-pressure pump. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0019] The following describes the invention in further detail with reference to examples. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.|[0020] The invention relates to a self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform, which is particularly suitable for a wind energy utilization and carbon dioxide capture and sealing cooperative system in a deep open sea area. The system organically integrates the wind power generation module and the air carbon capture, seawater carbon capture, compression liquefaction and sealing submodule into four buoy structures, and constructs a carbon capture sealing platform which can be self-powered, continuously operated and is suitable for a far-sea environment.|[0021] The floating platform foundation comprises a plurality of floating platform parts, wherein the floating platform parts are integrated through connecting parts to form a floating platform floating on the water surface, the floating platform parts are configured to be carriers of all subsystems, all the subsystems are connected and transported through the connecting parts, specifically, the floating platform foundation comprises a central floating platform 1, a floating platform A2-air carbon capturing floating platform, a floating platform B3-seawater carbon capturing floating platform and a floating platform C4-liquefaction sealing floating platform, physical and functional coupling is realized through connecting rods 7 and connecting boxes 6, in the embodiment, four floating platform parts are taken as an example, all the floating platforms are of a cylindrical structure, the central floating platform 1 is located at the center, the floating platform A2/B/C is distributed in a regular triangle shape, all the floating platform parts are connected and fixed through the connecting boxes 6 and the connecting rods 7 to form the integral platform foundation, and matched units required by carbon capturing and carbon sealing are integrated in all the floating platform parts respectively, so that the defects of being not matched among all the units in the prior art are overcome, and wind power capturing and CO 2 sealing functions are combined to form a complete floating system.|[0022] The central pontoon 1 is used as an energy heart of a self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system of the whole floating wind power platform, and the design of the central pontoon is unfolded around three core targets of high-efficiency energy capture-stable electric energy treatment-accurate energy distribution, so that the central pontoon is fully adapted to a deep and open sea complex environment in terms of structural layout and functional integration. The wind power generation tower 8 standing at the top adopts a high-strength steel conical structure, the height of the tower is optimally designed according to the average wind speed of the deep sea and the diameter of the wind wheel, and the wind speed is usually between 80 and 100 meters, so that the wind wheel can capture the airflow with higher wind speed (the offshore wind speed increases logarithmically with the increase of the height, the wind speed in the height interval is 30 to 50 percent higher than that of the sea), and the impact of wind load on the tower is reduced through the conical structure. When the horizontal axis wind driven generator 101 supported at the top of the tower is in a high wind speed condition (usually rated wind speed is 12-15 m/s), the wind wheel continuously rotates under the pushing of the air flow, the mechanical energy is transmitted to the internal main shaft through the hub, and the main shaft drives the generator 101 to operate after the rotating speed of the main shaft is increased through the speed increasing gearbox. The generator 101 adopts the permanent magnet synchronous generator 101, and compared with the traditional asynchronous generator 101, the generator has the advantages of high efficiency (rated working condition efficiency is more than or equal to 97%), high power density and good low-speed power generation performance, can efficiently convert mechanical energy transmitted by a main shaft into three-phase alternating current, has output voltage of 690V and frequency of 50Hz, and meets the basic power consumption type requirements of marine equipment.|[0023] The three-phase alternating current output by the generator 101 firstly enters the main control cabinet and the power distribution device 102, as shown in fig. 2, the device is equivalent to a central dispatching station of an energy system, core elements such as a breaker, a contactor, a voltage transformer, a current transformer and the like are integrated inside the device, parameters such as voltage, current, power and the like output by the generator 101 can be monitored in real time, and a circuit is rapidly cut off when faults such as overload and overcurrent occur, so that the safety of downstream equipment is protected. The electric energy then enters a rectifying and voltage regulating module 103 which is designed by combining a three-phase bridge rectifying circuit and a DC-DC/DC-AC conversion unit, wherein for a subsystem needing direct current (such as electrode power supply of an electrochemical separation module 309 and charge and discharge control of an energy storage device 106), the rectifying unit firstly converts three-phase alternating current into direct current, then the output voltage is regulated by a DC-DC converter (which can be flexibly regulated between 24V and 400V) to ensure that the voltage is stabilized at a rated value required by the subsystem, and for a subsystem needing alternating current with a specific frequency (such as a centrifugal compressor and a motor of a wind pressure induced fan 10), the direct current is converted into alternating current with a specific frequency (such as 60 Hz) by a DC-AC inverter to meet the rotating speed control requirements of different motors. The rectifying and voltage regulating module 103 also has a voltage compensation function, when the output voltage of the generator 101 deviates by +/-10% due to fluctuation of wind speed, the output voltage can be quickly regulated, the deviation is controlled within +/-2%, and the power utilization stability of the subsystem is ensured.|[0024] The rectified and voltage-regulated electric energy is transmitted to the distributed power supply module 104. The module adopts a distributed control architecture, distributes electric energy to three functional buoys, namely, a buoy A (air carbon capture), a buoy B (seawater carbon capture) and a buoy C (liquefaction seal storage), through a plurality of independent power supply loops, and each loop is provided with an independent power supply management unit, so that the power supply power can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time load requirements of each buoy. For example, when the electrochemical separation module 309 of pontoon B is in a high-load operation (electrode current density is raised to 150A/m 2), the distributed power supply module 104 automatically increases the power supply of that loop while ensuring that the power supply of the other loops is not affected. In order to improve the reliability of the system, the module has a redundancy switching function, each functional pontoon is provided with two independent power supply loops, and when a main loop fails (such as a cable break and poor contact of a joint), a standby loop can be automatically switched to operate within 50ms, so that carbon capture or blocking operation interruption caused by power failure is avoided. In addition, the short-circuit protection function is realized through an integrated quick fuse and an electronic protection device, when a short-circuit fault occurs in a loop, the power supply can be cut off within 10ms to prevent the fault from expanding, the remote control function is connected with a central monitoring system through an industrial Ethernet, and an operator can remotely adjust power supply parameters and start and stop the power supply loop in a shore-based control center or a central control room of a platform to realize unmanned operation and maintenance.|[0025] The monitoring communication device 105, which cooperates with the distributed power supply module 104, is a "data center" of the energy system, and integrates a data acquisition card, a wireless communication module (supporting Beidou satellite communication and 4G/5G offshore dedicated frequency bands) and a data storage unit therein. The device collects data such as the rotating speed, the generating capacity and the temperature of the wind driven generator 101, the output voltage and the output current of the rectifying and voltage regulating module 103, the power of each power supply loop, the voltage fluctuation and the like in real time through the sensor, the collection frequency can reach 1 time/second, and the data storage capacity can meet the historical data storage requirement of more than 3 years. Meanwhile, the monitoring communication device 105 can analyze the collected data in real time, for example, by comparing the real-time generated energy with the energy consumption of each subsystem, calculate the energy utilization efficiency, and pre-make an energy scheduling strategy according to wind speed prediction data (the trend of the future 24-hour wind speed change is obtained through a meteorological satellite), when the future several hours wind speed is predicted to be significantly reduced, pre-control the energy storage device 106 to increase the charge amount, and reserve energy for the subsequent low power generation state. In addition, the device also supports platform-level energy scheduling, and energy allocation can be adjusted according to the priority of carbon capture and sealing operation, for example, when the liquefaction sealing module of the pontoon C needs high-power operation (the compressor works at full load), electric energy supply is preferentially ensured, and the regenerative heating power of the absorption module of the pontoon A can be temporarily reduced if necessary, so that the core sealing link is ensured not to be interrupted.|[0026] In order to cope with the common wind speed fluctuation in deep open sea (such as sudden rise of wind speed from 5m/s to 18m/s in a short time) and the night low power generation state (the output power of the generator 101 is greatly reduced when the wind speed is lower than 3 m/s), the system is provided with an energy storage device 106, and a hybrid energy storage structure with a lithium battery pack and a super capacitor in parallel is adopted, so that the long-term energy storage and short-term response requirements are considered. The lithium battery pack is composed of lithium iron phosphate batteries, the single voltage is 3.2V, the total capacity is designed according to the maximum load and the endurance requirement of the system, is generally 500-1000kWh, and is mainly used for long-term energy storage tasks, for example, in a night low wind speed period, power is continuously supplied to each subsystem for 4-8 hours, carbon capture operation is guaranteed to be continuously carried out, the super capacitor is an electric double layer super capacitor, the single voltage is 2.7V, the total capacity is 50-100F, the advantages of high charge and discharge speed (the charge time can be as short as second level) and long cycle life (more than or equal to 10 ten thousand times) are achieved, the super capacitor is mainly used for short-term voltage stabilization and load transition, when the output voltage of the generator 101 is suddenly increased due to sudden increase of wind speed, excessive electric energy is quickly absorbed, voltage impact damage equipment is avoided, when the voltage is suddenly reduced due to sudden decrease of wind speed, the super capacitor is quickly released, the voltage is kept stable, the transition time is generally within 10-50ms, and the operation of the subsystem is guaranteed not to be affected. In addition, in the system starting stage, the energy storage device 106 can also provide starting support for high-power equipment such as the generator 101, the compressor and the like, so that impact on a power grid caused by high current during direct starting is avoided.|[0027] The stable electric energy after the treatment is transmitted to each functional pontoon through the marine multi-core cable 9. The cable adopts special maritime engineering design standard, can adapt to the temperature change of deep and open sea, adopts neoprene material as an outer sheath, has excellent salt spray corrosion resistance, seawater soaking resistance and mechanical abrasion resistance, and has the service life of more than 20 years. In order to prevent the cable from being damaged in the sea storm, the marine grade multi-core cable 9 is arranged inside the connecting rod 7, and a cable channel and a maintenance channel are reserved inside, so that the cable is protected from external impact, and the cable is convenient to maintain in the later period. The length of the connecting rod 7 is designed according to the distance between pontoons, and the connecting rod is rigidly connected with each pontoon through a flange, so that stable electric energy transmission to the pontoons A, B, C is ensured.|[0028] The stability of the platform is another key factor of safe operation of the system while the stable supply of energy is ensured, and therefore, the bottom of each pontoon A, B, C is provided with a ballast module 5, and the longitudinal stability and the transverse stability of the platform are realized through the synergistic effect of the fixed counterweight and the adjustable liquid tank. The fixed counterweight part of the ballast module 5 is made of high-density cast iron (density 7200kg/m 3), the weight of the ballast module is 60% -70% of the total weight of the ballast, the ballast module is mainly used for reducing the gravity center of a platform, improving the overall stability and preventing the platform from overturning in stormy waves, the adjustable liquid tank is of a cylindrical or rectangular structure, the volume of the adjustable liquid tank is designed according to the maximum inclination angle of the platform, and the adjustable liquid tank is usually 10-20m3, and the ballast weight can be adjusted by seawater injection or discharge. When the platform is inclined longitudinally or transversely due to the action of wind and waves, the liquid level sensor of the ballast module 5 can detect the inclination angle and the direction in real time, and the control system can inject seawater into the adjustable liquid tank on one inclined side or discharge seawater from the liquid tank on the other side through the water suction pump 303 according to detection data, so that the gravity center position of the platform is adjusted, the inclination angle is restored to be within 1 degree, and the equipment (such as the adsorption bed, the electrolytic tank and the storage tank 403) in each functional pontoon is ensured to be in a horizontal working state. For example, if the pontoon B is inclined, the liquid level in the electrolytic tank may be uneven, which affects the electrode reaction efficiency, and the real-time adjustment of the ballast module 5 can effectively avoid such problems, so as to ensure the stable performance of the carbon capturing and sealing operation.|[0029] The system organically integrates three main core functions of wind power supply, carbon capture and deep sea storage into a floating platform foundation to form a closed-loop autonomous operation system. In the aspect of carbon capture, the system adopts a two-module parallel scheme of air carbon capture and seawater carbon capture, breaks through the efficiency bottleneck of a single carbon capture path, and adapts to the carbon source characteristic in a deep and open sea complex environment.|[0030] In particular, in the embodiment, the air carbon capturing module is arranged in a pontoon A2, as shown in FIG. 3, the pontoon A2 is used as a core functional unit for capturing air carbon in an integrated system, the internal structure and the process flow are sequentially developed around the high-efficiency air introduction-accurate CO 2 adsorption-stable regeneration carbon release, and the operation stability and the carbon capturing efficiency under the deep sea environment are fully considered in the design of each link. The air inlet device of the pontoon A2 is a precondition for realizing large-scale air treatment, and the device takes the wind pressure induced fan 10 as a core power source, adopts induced fan equipment with salt spray corrosion resistance and marine organism adhesion resistance, and can run for a long time in a high-humidity and high-salinity environment without being easy to rust. The fan motor is an explosion-proof asynchronous motor, as shown in fig. 3, not only the wind pressure induced draft fan 10 is arranged at the inlet at the top of the pontoon A2, but also the induced draft fan is correspondingly arranged in the transportation process of the internal storage module 203 and the pipeline 11 for the CO2, thereby transporting the CO2 between systems. The rated power of the wind pressure induced-draft fan 10 is designed according to the air handling capacity of the pontoon A2, the rotating speed can be adjusted through a variable frequency speed regulator, the air introducing amount can be controlled, when the system needs to improve the carbon capturing efficiency, the rotating speed of the fan can be improved to 2900r/min from 1450r/min, at the moment, the negative pressure value of a negative pressure area generated by the rotation of the fan can reach-50 Pa to-80 Pa, a large amount of peripheral air can be efficiently guided to flow in from an air inlet at the top of the pontoon A2, and an insect screen and coarse filter cotton are further arranged at the inlet, so that impurities such as sea sand, plankton and the like in the air can be intercepted, and the air can be prevented from entering a subsequent module to cause blockage.|[0031] The air flowing into the pontoon A2 firstly enters a solid adsorption module 201 (fixed bed), which is the key for realizing selective capture of CO 2, adopts a fixed bed structural design, the shell of the adsorption bed is made of 316L stainless steel, the inner wall is smooth, and a polytetrafluoroethylene coating is sprayed, so that the chemical reaction of the adsorbent and the shell is prevented, and the flow resistance of air flow is reduced. The adsorption material uniformly loaded in the adsorption bed is strictly screened, amino modified adsorption particles, MOFs (metal organic frameworks), resin functional materials or porous carbon-based amino functional fillers can be selected according to practical application scenes, the amino modified adsorption particles usually take mesoporous silica as a carrier, amino groups (such as ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine) are grafted on the surface, the adsorption capacity can reach 2-4mmol/g through the chemical adsorption of amino groups and CO 2, the adsorption can be stably carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, the MOFs can capture CO 2 through the super-large specific surface area (up to 2000-5000m < 2 >/g) and controllable pore channel structures and have the advantages of high adsorption rate and low regeneration energy consumption through physical adsorption and weakening chemical effects, the resin functional materials take polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer as a skeleton, the selectivity to CO 2 is enhanced through introducing functional groups such as amino groups or carboxyl groups, the like, the temperature resistance and the chemical stability are excellent, and the service life can reach 3-5 years. In order to maximize the contact efficiency of the lifting airflow and the adsorbent, the problem of insufficient adsorption caused by 'airflow short circuit' is avoided, the airflow is layered and uniformly distributed in the adsorbent bed, an arc-shaped air guide plate is arranged in the adsorbent bed at intervals of 30-50cm along the height direction, air guide holes with diameters of 5-8mm are uniformly formed in the air guide plate, the air guide holes of adjacent air guide plates are distributed in a staggered manner, and when the air flows through the air guide plates, the air flow is divided into a plurality of small airflows and uniformly distributed to the adsorbent layers below, so that each part of adsorbent can be fully contacted with the air. The whole adsorption process is strictly maintained under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure (0.1 MPa), high temperature or high pressure environment is not required to be additionally provided, the energy consumption is reduced, CO 2 molecules in the air can be firmly fixed on the surface of the adsorbent through chemical or physical effects, other gases such as nitrogen, oxygen and the like are not influenced by the adsorption effect, and are discharged from an exhaust port at the bottom of the adsorption bed, so that the efficient separation of CO 2 and the air is realized.|[0032] After the adsorbent has been in operation for a period of time to saturation (as monitored by the outlet CO 2 concentration sensor, for example, when the concentration exceeds 500ppm, it is determined to be saturated), it enters the regeneration module 202 for heat treatment to release adsorbed CO 2 gas. The heating system of the regeneration module 202 uses the heating wire as a core heating element, the heating wire is made of nichrome material (nickel content 80% and chromium content 20%), the heating wire has the characteristics of high heating efficiency (more than or equal to 95%), high temperature resistance (the long-term use temperature can reach 1200 ℃) and strong oxidation resistance, the heating wire is uniformly wound in the heating sleeve outside the adsorption bed, and the magnesium oxide insulating material is filled between the heating sleeve and the adsorption bed, so that the heat is ensured to be efficiently transferred to the inside of the adsorption bed, and the local overheating damage to the adsorbent caused by direct contact of the heating wire and the adsorption bed is prevented. The regeneration heating process adopts a sectional temperature control strategy, namely, firstly, the temperature is slowly increased to 80-100 ℃ from normal temperature (the temperature rising rate is 5-10 ℃ per minute), the moisture adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent is mainly removed at the stage, then, the temperature is increased to 120-150 ℃ and maintained for 1-2 hours, at the temperature, the adsorption bond between the adsorbent and CO 2 is broken, and the CO 2 is efficiently desorbed. Because the temperature in the heating process is stable and the adsorbent has no reaction with other gases, the concentration of the desorbed CO 2 can reach more than 95 percent, the purity fluctuation range is only +/-1 percent, and the purity requirement of the subsequent compression liquefaction is completely met. The desorbed CO 2 gas is conveyed to the storage module 203 through a thermal isolation conduit, the conduit adopts a double-layer stainless steel structure, a vacuum heat insulation material (such as superfine glass wool) is filled in an interlayer, the thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.03W/(m.K), the temperature loss of CO 2 in the conveying process can be effectively reduced, and the phenomenon that the pipeline 11 is blocked due to condensation of CO 2 caused by temperature dip is avoided.|[0033] The storage module 203 is used as a temporary buffer unit of CO 2, and is essentially a gas-phase buffer cabin, the volume of which is designed according to the carbon capturing rate and the regeneration period of the pontoon A2, the shell is made of pressure-resistant stainless steel, the design pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the pressure fluctuation of CO 2 gas in the regeneration process can be borne. In order to ensure stable storage and unidirectional transmission of CO 2 in the buffer cabin, a multiple safety control assembly is integrated in the module, a pressure regulating valve is used for automatically opening and releasing pressure through real-time monitoring of the pressure in the cabin, for example, when the pressure exceeds 0.25MPa, the pressure is reduced to below 0.2MPa, safety risks caused by the fact that the pressure in the cabin is too high are prevented, a floating ball type structure is adopted in the backflow prevention device, when the pressure of CO 2 airflow in a guide pipe is insufficient, a pipeline opening is automatically plugged by the floating ball under the action of gravity, air or other gases are prevented from flowing backwards into the buffer cabin to pollute CO 2, a spring type structure is adopted in the check valve, only CO 2 is allowed to flow from the thermal isolation guide pipe to the buffer cabin, and the check valve is automatically closed when the pressure is reversed, and unidirectional flow of the airflow is further ensured. Considering that a single adsorption tower cannot perform carbon capturing operation in the regeneration process, 3-4 adsorption towers are usually arranged in the pontoon A2 to run in parallel, and all adsorption towers perform an adsorption-regeneration process in a rotating way according to a preset time sequence, for example, when the adsorption tower 1 is in an adsorption state, the adsorption tower 2 is in a regeneration state, the adsorption tower 3 is in a cooling standby state, the adsorption tower 4 is in a pressure release preparation state, each process is about 3-4 hours, and the system can realize closed loop circulation of continuous carbon capturing and periodic regeneration through the rotating operation mode, so that the CO 2 capturing process is ensured to be uninterrupted. Finally, the high-purity CO 2 in the storage module 203 is led into the pontoon C4 through the transmission pipeline 11 in the connecting box 6, the pipeline 11 adopts a corrosion-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene lining steel pipe, the diameter of the pipeline 11 can be specifically designed according to the flow of CO 2, a flow sensor and a stop valve are arranged on the pipeline 11, the transmission quantity of CO 2 can be monitored in real time, the pipeline 11 is cut off when needed, and the safety and controllability of the whole carbon capture-transmission flow are ensured.|[0034] Further, the seawater carbon capturing module separates out CO2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode, the seawater carbon capturing module comprises a rough filtration module 305, a pretreatment and enrichment module, a pH monitoring module 307, an electrochemical separation module 309 and a bypass module 308, the extracted seawater is filtered by the rough filtration module 305 and then sent to the pretreatment and enrichment module, the seawater is subjected to temperature, pH, alkalinity and salinity adjustment, and the pH monitoring module 307 detects that the seawater reaches the standard and sends the seawater to the electrochemical separation module 309, otherwise, the seawater is sent to the bypass module 308 for circulation treatment. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the pontoon B is used as a core unit for capturing seawater carbon in the integrated system, and the core function of the pontoon B is to efficiently separate out and dissolve inorganic carbon (mainly in the form of HCO 3⁻、CO3 & lt 2 & gt) from seawater, and the structural design and flow planning of the whole system are all surrounded by stable water taking, precise pretreatment and subsequent reaction development, so that the efficient and continuous carbon capturing operation is ensured in a deep and open sea complex marine environment. The support structure 301 of the pontoon B is a foundation for guaranteeing stable operation of the water inlet system, the support structure 301 is designed into a frame structure according to the weight and the installation requirement of the pump set, the bottom is rigidly connected with the bulkhead of the pontoon B through bolts, and the top is provided with an adjustable damping support for bearing water inlet system core equipment such as a water suction pump 303 and a pipeline 11 connector, so that the operation stability of other modules (such as the sensor precision of a pH monitoring module) is prevented from being influenced by vibration transmission to the pontoon main body, and the service life of the pump set is prolonged.|[0035] The water inlet system consisting of the water suction pipe 302, the water suction pump 303 and the water guide pipe 304 is a key channel for the pontoon B to acquire seawater, and the design focus is on the characteristics of corrosion resistance, high flow and low energy consumption. The water suction pipe 302 is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) material, the pipe diameter is designed to be 200-300mm according to the sea water treatment capacity, the pipe body is embedded into a sea water diversion trench at the bottom of the pontoon B, the water inlet extends to the position 1-2m outside the pontoon, and the water suction pump 303 is used as a power core of a water inlet system. The water pump 303 has the dual advantages of low energy consumption and high flow (rated flow is 100-150m < 3 >/h), the rotating speed can be dynamically regulated according to the sea water demand of the subsequent pretreatment module through the variable frequency controller, for example, when the pretreatment module is in low-load operation, the rotating speed of the pump set is reduced from 2900r/min to 1450r/min, the water demand can be met, the energy waste can be avoided, the water conduit 304 is connected with the outlet of the water pump 303 and the inlet of the coarse filtration module 305, the elastic joint is arranged on the pipeline 11, the expansion caused by the temperature change of the pipeline 11 can be compensated, and the cracking and the water leakage of the pipeline 11 can be prevented.|[0036] After flowing out of the penstock 304, the raw seawater first enters a rough filtration module 305, and the core function of the module is to remove large particle impurities (such as sediment and shell fragments) and plankton (such as algae and zooplankton) in the seawater, so that the pipeline 11 is prevented from being blocked or equipment is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the raw seawater enters a subsequent precise module. The coarse filtration module 305 adopts a combined filtration structure of a multi-stage screen and sand filtration, a stainless steel wedge-shaped screen with the aperture of 500 mu m is adopted as a first stage, large particle impurities with the diameter of more than 500 mu m are removed through physical interception, the surface of the screen adopts an inclined design (the inclination angle is 15 degrees), an automatic back flushing device is arranged, when the pressure difference of the screen exceeds 50kPa, a back flushing pump is automatically started, impurities attached to the surface of the screen are flushed to a sewage draining groove through high-pressure water flow (the pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa) from the inner side of the screen, cleaning can be completed without stopping the machine, a quartz sand filter layer is adopted as a filter material, high-quality quartz sand with the particle diameter of 0.8-1.2mm is adopted as a second stage, the filling height is 800-1000mm, seawater flows through the sand filter layer from top to bottom under the action of gravity, fine particles and plankton with the diameter of 10-500 mu m can be intercepted by the sand filter layer, the filtering precision can be below 10 mu m, microorganisms are not easy to grow on the surface of the quartz sand filter layer, and the blockage of the filter layer caused by the microorganism slime is reduced. In order to ensure stable filtering effect, the rough filtering module 305 is further provided with a differential pressure sensor and a flow sensor, the differential pressure and the seawater flow before and after filtering are monitored in real time, and when the differential pressure is abnormally increased or the flow is obviously reduced, an alarm signal is immediately sent out to prompt an operator to check a filtering layer or perform manual cleaning.|[0037] The pre-filtered seawater then enters a pretreatment and enrichment module 306, which is a key link for improving the subsequent electrochemical separation efficiency, and is conditioned to a state most suitable for CO 2 precipitation through three core operations of temperature adjustment, alkalinity compensation and salinity correction. The temperature regulating unit adopts a plate heat exchanger, the plate material of the heat exchanger is titanium alloy, the heat exchanger has excellent corrosion resistance and heat conductivity (the heat conductivity coefficient is more than or equal to 17W/(m & gtK)), the heat exchange medium is low-temperature cooling water (the temperature is 10-15 ℃) generated by the pontoon C liquefaction module 401, the temperature of the seawater is stably controlled to be 20-25 ℃ by regulating the flow of the heat exchange medium, the temperature interval can ensure the chemical activity of HCO 3 -in the seawater and avoid the reduction of the electrode reaction efficiency of a subsequent electrochemical separation module 309 caused by the overhigh temperature, the alkalinity compensating unit strengthens the concentration of HCO 38356-in the seawater by accurately injecting chemical agents, naOH or Ca (OH) 2 solution is generally selected as an alkalinity regulator, the agents are stored in a corrosion-resistant storage tank 403 at the top of the pontoon B, the injection amount is dynamically regulated according to real-time data of an online alkalinity monitor, for example, when the original HCO 3 -concentration is 2.0mmol/L, the concentration of the seawater is increased to 2.5-3.0 per mill by injecting a proper amount of NaOH solution, the concentration of the seawater is increased to be 2.5 per mill/3 per mill/L, the salinity of the seawater is increased to be more than 32 per mill, the salinity difference of the seawater is corrected to be 32 per mill or the salinity is not increased by a small amount of the seawater concentration of 32 per mill, and the seawater is corrected to be 32 per mill, the salinity difference of the seawater is compared with the seawater is adjusted to a small amount of the seawater concentration of 32 per mill (32 per mill) by the sea concentration is separated by the sea water concentration unit), this salinity window ensures proper conductivity (25-30S/m) of the seawater, avoiding the increase in power consumption of the electrochemical separation module 309 due to too low salinity, or the fouling of the electrode surfaces due to too high salinity.|[0038] The pretreated seawater is detected by a pH monitoring module, the module is a key gate for judging whether the seawater is suitable for the subsequent electrochemical separation reaction, the core equipment is an online pH sensor (measuring range 0-14pH, precision + -0.01 pH), a sensor probe is made of glass electrode materials, the surface is covered by a polytetrafluoroethylene protective film, the measurement precision can be prevented from being influenced by the adhesion of impurities in the seawater, and the probe can automatically calibrate a standard solution once per hour (using standard buffer solutions with pH values of 4.01, 7.00 and 10.01), so that the accuracy of monitoring data is ensured. The optimal reaction pH range of the electrochemical separation module 309 is set to 6.5-8.2, and when the pH monitoring module detects that the pH value of the seawater is in the range, the system automatically opens the electromagnetic valve to allow the seawater to flow into the electrochemical separation module 309; if the pH is lower than 6.5 (the acidity is too strong, which may cause corrosion of the electrode) or higher than 8.2 (the alkalinity is too strong, which may inhibit the reaction between HCO 3 -and h+), the solenoid valve is automatically closed, the seawater enters the bypass module 308, the bypass module 308 comprises two treatment paths, namely, for the seawater with smaller pH deviation (such as 6.0-6.5 or 8.2-8.5), the seawater is re-circulated to the pretreatment and enrichment module 306 through the bypass pipeline 11, the injected amount of the alkalinity regulator is regulated and then is conditioned again, for the seawater with larger pH deviation (such as <6.0 or > 8.5), the neutralization treatment unit is firstly introduced, and after the pH is restored to 6.5-8.2, the seawater is re-injected to the front end of the pretreatment and enrichment module 306 for secondary conditioning, so that the water quality entering the electrochemical separation module 309 always meets the reaction requirements, and the carbon capture efficiency is prevented from being influenced by the abnormality or the core equipment is damaged.|[0039] The electrochemical separation module 309 is used as a core reaction unit for capturing seawater carbon of the pontoon B, and as shown in fig. 4, the electrolytic tank type structural design directly determines the precipitation efficiency and the system operation stability of the dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. The main body of the electrolytic tank of the module is made of 316L stainless steel, the thickness of the tank body is designed to be 10-15mm according to the operating pressure (the design pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa), a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-corrosion coating (the thickness is 50-80 mu m) is sprayed on the inner wall, the corrosion of high-concentration Cl & lt- & gt in seawater can be resisted, the dissolution of metal ions to pollute the electrolyte 313 can be avoided, and the long-term operation is ensured to have no leakage risk. The electrode structure in the electrolytic tank adopts a symmetrical arrangement mode, the design can lead the current to be uniformly distributed in the electrolyte 313, electrode polarization or scaling caused by overhigh local current density is avoided, the number of electrode groups is configured according to the sea water treatment capacity, generally 5-10 groups, the distance between each group of electrode pairs is controlled to be 50-80mm, the electrolyte 313 is ensured to have enough flowing space, and the ion migration distance can be reduced to reduce the energy consumption.|[0040] The electrode plate 311 forming the anode and cathode pair is a core component for realizing electrochemical reaction, and the material selection of the electrode plate is required to meet three requirements of high stability, high conductivity and marine corrosion resistance, so that titanium-based noble metal oxide or graphite alloy material is selected. The titanium-based noble metal oxide electrode takes a pure titanium plate (the purity is more than or equal to 99.5%) as a base material, the surface is coated with an IrO 2-RuO2-TiO2 ternary coating (the coating thickness is 5-10 mu m) by a thermal decomposition method, the coating has excellent electrocatalytic activity (oxygen evolution overpotential is as low as 1.4V vs SHE), can stably run in seawater for a long time, has Cl-corrosion resistance life of more than 5000 hours and conductivity of up to 1000S/m, can effectively reduce the resistance loss of the electrode, and the graphite alloy electrode takes high-density graphite (the density is more than or equal to 1.8g/cm <3 >) as a base body, is doped with 5-10% of copper or silver powder to promote conductivity, and forms a compact protective layer on the surface by dipping resin treatment. The dimensions of the electrode plates 311 are designed according to the specifications of the electrolytic cell, and are typically 1000mm by 800mm by 5mm. The ion exchange membrane 310 arranged between the electrodes is a key barrier for guaranteeing the directional progress of the electrochemical reaction and improving the separation efficiency of CO 2, and adopts a double-membrane structure of combining a cation exchange membrane 310 and an anion exchange membrane 310, wherein the two membranes are alternately arranged between the electrode pairs to divide the electrolytic tank into a plurality of independent reaction chambers (an anode chamber, a cathode chamber and an intermediate electrolyte 313 chamber). The cation exchange membrane 310 is made of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin (such as Nafion membrane) and only allows cations such as H+, na+, ca2+ to pass through to prevent anions from migrating with gas molecules, the anion exchange membrane 310 is made of quaternized polyphenyl ether ketone material, the membrane thickness is 180-220 mu m, only allows anions such as HCO 3⁻、CO3 & lt 2 & gt, cl & lt- & gt and the like to pass through, the ionic conductivity of the two membranes is more than or equal to 0.1S/cm, and the efficient migration of ions is ensured to maintain electric neutrality. The core effect of the double-membrane structure is to isolate electrode products, wherein O 2 and H+ are generated in the reaction of the anode side, H 2 and OH-are generated in the reaction of the cathode side, the ion exchange membrane 310 can prevent the OH-from migrating to the anode side and neutralizing with H+ (if the OH-and H+ are combined to generate H 2 O, the local H+ concentration is reduced, the precipitation of CO 2 is inhibited), meanwhile, cl 2(Cl2 generated by the oxidization of the anode can be prevented from mixing with CO 2 to pollute gas, the double-membrane structure has strong corrosiveness), in addition, the safety risk caused by mixing H 2 and O 2 in an electrolytic tank can be avoided, the precipitation efficiency of CO 2 is improved by 30% -40% through multiple isolation effects, and the purity of CO 2 in the precipitated gas can reach more than 94%.|[0041] The reaction area of the electrolytic tank is filled with seawater as electrolyte 313, the seawater is pretreated and pH-adjusted qualified seawater, the salinity of the seawater is controlled to be 32-34 per mill (the conductivity is ensured to be 25-30S/m), and the HCO 3 -concentration is increased to be 2.5-3.0mmol/L, so that sufficient reactants can be provided for electrochemical reaction, and the electrolyte 313 can be ensured to have good conductivity so as to reduce the tank voltage. During the reaction, the electrolyte 313 is not only a carrier for ion migration (cations move to the cathode through the cation exchange membrane 310, anions move to the anode through the anion exchange membrane 310), but also directly participates in the electrode reaction, and the electroneutrality of the whole system is maintained through the directional migration of ions. Meanwhile, the electrolyte 313 flows in a forced circulation mode (driven by a miniature magnetic pump, and the circulation flow is 5-10m < 3 >/h), so that heat generated by the reaction (the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction can be about 50-80W/L) can be timely taken away, the local temperature is prevented from rising to be more than 40 ℃ (the too high temperature can reduce the selectivity of the ion exchange membrane 310 and can also accelerate electrode corrosion), the concentration of HCO 3 -in the electrolyte 313 is uniformly distributed, and the reaction interruption caused by HCO 3 -depletion nearby the electrode is prevented.|[0042] The power control system 312 is used as an 'energy regulation center' of the electrochemical separation module 309 to directly determine the intensity and stability of electrode reaction, and adopts a high-frequency switching power supply design, wherein the output voltage range is 0-10V, the output current range is 0-200A, and the accurate regulation of voltage and current can be realized through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology, and the regulation precision is +/-0.01V and +/-0.1A respectively. the system is internally integrated with the PLC and the current-voltage feedback module, and can collect the voltages at two ends of the electrode in real time, The method comprises the steps of current data, dynamically adjusting output parameters according to the precipitation rate of CO 2 (monitored by a gas flow sensor), properly improving output current when the yield of CO 2 needs to be improved, enhancing the reaction intensity of an electrode, automatically reducing the output current and starting a back flushing program (removing dirt on the surface of the electrode by reverse energization) when abnormal increase of the electrode voltage (possibly caused by electrode scaling) is detected. Under steady power from the power control system 312, the anode side first undergoes an oxidation reaction: the water molecules on the surface of the anode plate lose electrons to generate O 2, H+ and electrons (reaction formula: 2H 2O - 4e⁻ → O2 ++4H+), the H+ generated will rapidly accumulate near the anode, the local pH value of the reaction liquid is suddenly reduced from the initial pH value of 6.5-8.2 to the pH value of 4.0-5.0. When the local pH value is reduced, the original chemical balance of the HCO 3 -and the CO 3 -in the seawater is broken, namely, the CO 3 2-and H+ are combined to generate HCO 3⁻(CO3²⁻ + H⁺ → HCO3 -, then the HCO 3 -is further reacted with H+ to generate CO 2 gas and water molecules (HCO 3⁻ + H⁺ → CO2↑ + H2 O), the whole reaction process can be rapidly carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the reaction rate can reach 0.5-1.0kg CO 2/(m 2 electrode, H). The CO 2 gas generated by the reaction exists in the electrolyte 313 in the form of tiny bubbles which float upwards with the flow of the electrolyte 313 and eventually collect in the gas collection area at the top of the cell. The collecting area is provided with an inclined guide plate (the inclined angle is 30 degrees), so that CO 2 bubbles can be guided to gather at the inlet of the guide pipe, meanwhile, electrolyte 313 is prevented from entering the guide pipe along with gas, a gas-liquid separator is arranged on a pipeline 11, trace seawater mist drops carried in CO 2 gas are further removed, and seawater is prevented from entering a subsequent storage module 203 to cause corrosion of the pipeline 11. The CO 2 gas after gas-liquid separation enters the CO 2 storage module 203 through a flow guide pipe, the storage module 203 is similar to a gas phase buffer cabin of a pontoon A in structure, is a pressure-resistant stainless steel container, is provided with a pressure regulating valve (controlling the pressure in the cabin to be 0.15-0.2 MPa), a check valve (preventing gas from flowing backwards) and a liquid level sensor (monitoring the accumulation amount of condensed water), and can temporarily store CO 2 gas to balance the subsequent transmission pressure. Finally, the CO 2 in the storage module 203 is transmitted to the pontoon C through the pipeline 11, and an electric valve on the pipeline 11 can adjust the CO 2 transmission amount according to the processing capacity (such as the load of the compression module) of the pontoon C, so that the whole seawater carbon capturing process is ensured to be connected with the subsequent liquefaction and sealing links efficiently, and the problems of gas backlog or insufficient supply are avoided.|[0043] Further, the carbon sequestration subsystem compresses, liquefies and sequesters CO2 conveyed by the dual-path carbon capture subsystem, and specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the sequestration buoy C serves as a terminal core module for CO 2 treatment in the whole integrated system, and plays a key role in converting low-pressure CO 2 gas transmitted by the buoy A (air carbon capture) and the buoy B (seawater carbon capture) into a deep sea sequestration state.|[0044] CO 2 gas transmitted from buoy A and buoy B firstly enters a multistage compression module 402 of buoy C through a pipeline 11, wherein the multistage compression module is the core for realizing CO 2 pressure lifting, and the performance of the multistage compression module directly determines the subsequent liquefaction efficiency and energy consumption. Considering that CO 2 can accompany obvious temperature rise and volume change in the process of compressing CO 2 from normal pressure to high pressure, the module adopts a combined scheme of a centrifugal compressor and a piston compressor in series, and the cooperative work of the two compressors can meet the double requirements of high flow and high pressure. The first stage compression adopts a centrifugal compressor, and the CO 2 gas pressure is initially raised from 0.1MPa to 2-3MPa. the centrifugal compressor has the advantages of large treatment flow (the single treatment capacity can reach 1000-2000m 3/h), stable operation and no pulse, and can adapt to the pontoon A, The flow of CO 2 transmitted by the B fluctuates, and the pressure of CO 2 is further increased to 10-15MPa by adopting a piston compressor for secondary compression, and the pressure interval can meet the requirement of the subsequent liquefaction module 401 on the pressure of CO 2 and avoid the rapid increase of equipment energy consumption caused by the overhigh pressure. In the two-stage compression process, the CO 2 gas can generate a large amount of heat due to volume compression, if the temperature is not reduced in time, the damage of equipment caused by the excessively high exhaust temperature (possibly exceeding 150 ℃) of the compressor can be caused, the density of the CO 2 can be reduced, and the subsequent liquefaction efficiency is affected. Thus, an intercooler is provided between the two stages of compressors and at the piston compressor outlet. The cooling medium is deep sea low-temperature seawater (temperature is 4-10 ℃), and forced circulation flow through the heat exchange tube by a seawater pump, so as to exchange heat with CO 2 gas in the shell side, and the temperature of CO 2 is reduced from 100-150 ℃ to 30-40 ℃ after compression. Meanwhile, the cooler also integrates a dehumidification function, trace steam carried in CO 2 gas can be condensed into liquid water in the cooling process, the condensed water is automatically discharged through a drain valve at the bottom of the cooler, the water is prevented from entering a subsequent liquefaction module 401 to form ice blockage or reacting with CO 2 to generate carbonic acid corrosion equipment, the water content of the dehumidified CO 2 gas can be reduced to below 50ppm, and the requirements of liquefaction and sealing dryness are met.|[0045] The compressed and dehumidified CO 2 gas (pressure 10-15MPa, temperature 30-40 ℃) then enters liquefaction module 401, whose core objective is to convert CO 2 from the gaseous state to the liquid or supercritical state (CO 2 critical temperature 31.1℃), the critical pressure is 7.38MPa, and when the temperature is lower than 31.1 ℃ and the pressure is higher than 7.38MPa, CO 2 can enter a supercritical state, and the high-density gas-diffusion liquid-storage device has the characteristics of gas diffusivity and liquid density and is more beneficial to deep sea sealing. The liquefaction module 401 is composed of a high-efficiency heat exchanger, The refrigerant circulation system and the phase change control unit are composed of a plate shell type structure, a heat exchange plate is made of titanium alloy, the surface of the heat exchange plate is corrugated to enlarge the heat exchange area, the refrigerant circulation system is made of R410A environment-friendly refrigerant, the refrigerant is compressed to be in a high-temperature and high-pressure state through a refrigerant compressor, the refrigerant is cooled by a condenser and then becomes liquid, the refrigerant is throttled and depressurized through an expansion valve to form a low-temperature refrigerant, the low-temperature refrigerant enters the heat exchanger, the heat absorption heat is changed into gas after heat exchange with CO 2, the gas enters the refrigerant compressor again to complete circulation, the refrigerating capacity of the whole refrigerant system is designed to be 50-100kW according to the liquefaction amount of CO 2, the temperature of CO 2 can be stably reduced to be 25-30 ℃ (lower than the critical temperature of 31.1 ℃), the temperature of the CO is monitored in real time through a temperature sensor (precision +/-0.1 ℃) and a pressure sensor (precision +/-0.01 MPa), when the temperature of CO 2 is detected to be higher than 31.1 ℃, the quantity of the refrigerant circulation system is automatically increased, when the liquid pressure is lower than 10MPa, a feedback signal is sent to the multistage compression module 402, the temperature is properly, the CO is increased, the CO is properly, the CO is cooled to be in a stable state, and the phase change rate of the CO is ensured to be in the supercritical state of the compression module, and the CO is at 3598%.|[0046] The liquefied CO 2 is led to a storage tank 403 through a pipeline 11, and the storage tank 403 is a temporary storage unit of the CO 2 before sealing, and the design focus is on guaranteeing the storage safety and the state stability of the CO 2. The storage tank 403 adopts a double-layer stainless steel structure, an interlayer between two layers of shells is injected with a high-vacuum heat insulation layer (the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10 < -3 > Pa), and superfine glass wool is filled as an auxiliary heat insulation material, and the double-heat insulation structure can control the heat leakage rate of the storage tank 403 to be below 5W/(m < 2 >. K), so that external heat is effectively prevented from being transferred into the storage tank 403, and the increase of evaporation amount and the sudden rise of pressure caused by the temperature rise of liquid CO 2 are avoided. The inside of the storage tank 403 is provided with multiple safety control components, wherein the pressure release valve is arranged in two stages, the primary valve is set to have the pressure of 16MPa, the secondary valve is set to have the pressure of 17MPa, CO 2 after pressure release is led back to the liquefaction module 401 through the safety pipeline 11 for reprocessing, carbon leakage caused by direct discharge is avoided, the temperature monitoring probe is arranged at intervals of 1m along the height direction of the storage tank 403, the temperature of CO 2 in different areas of the storage tank 403 is monitored in real time, when the local temperature exceeds 31 ℃, an alarm signal is triggered and an auxiliary cooling system (through spraying low-temperature seawater for cooling) on the outer wall of the storage tank 403 is started, the anti-sea wave disturbance pressure stabilizing device adopts an internal elastic buffer bag, and when the pontoon C shakes due to the action of wind waves, the buffer bag can absorb impact energy of CO 2, and the damage to the structure of the storage tank 403 caused by severe pressure change is avoided.|[0047] The final deep sea sequestration operation is accomplished by the high pressure pump 404 and transfer line 11 system. The high-pressure pump 404 has excellent wear resistance and high-pressure resistance, can run for a long time under the working condition of 20-30MPa of outlet pressure, has the flow adjustment range of 1-5m < 3 >/h, and can flexibly adjust the conveying amount of the liquid CO 2 according to the injection requirement of the deep sea reservoir. After flowing out of the storage tank 403, the liquid CO 2 enters the suction end of the high-pressure pump 404, is compressed by the plunger and then is raised to 25-30MPa, which overcomes the static pressure of the deep sea water and the injection resistance of the sealing layer, and is then pumped into the flexible high-pressure delivery hose 12. The hose adopts a multi-layer composite structure, the inner layer is made of polyamide (CO 2 resistant and high pressure resistant), the middle layer is a high-strength steel wire woven layer, the outer layer is a polyurethane wear-resistant layer (preventing the hose from being damaged by rocks or marine organisms in seawater), and the hose length is set according to the depth of the submarine sealing layer.|[0048] In order to ensure that the hose stably conveys CO 2 in a deep sea environment, the hose is connected to a submarine injection head through a dynamic catenary system, and the dynamic catenary system can automatically adjust the suspension length and angle of the hose according to the heave and roll motions of the pontoon C caused by wind waves, so that the hose is prevented from being damaged due to excessive stretching or bending, and meanwhile, the influence of the hose on the stability of the pontoon C is reduced. The submarine injection head is the last link of CO 2 injection sealing layer, the material of the submarine injection head is nickel-based alloy (deep sea high pressure and corrosion resistant), a one-way injection valve and a flow metering device are arranged in the submarine injection head, the injection head is fixed above a pre-exploration sealing layer (such as submarine basalt cracks or sedimentary rock stratum) through an anchoring device, the sealing layer has low permeability, high sealing performance and large storage capacity through geological exploration, and long-term sealing can be realized through physical sealing (CO 2 fills rock pores and is bound by capillary force) and chemical sealing (CO 2 reacts with elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like in the rock to generate stable carbonate minerals). In addition, the sealing pipeline is also provided with a check device and an automatic pressure relief protection, wherein the check device can prevent fluid (such as underground water and saline water) in the sealing layer from flowing backwards into the pipeline to pollute CO 2, when the pressure in the pipeline exceeds 35MPa (a set safety threshold), the automatic pressure relief device can be quickly opened to reduce the pressure to a safety range, and an alarm signal is triggered to a central control system of the pontoon C, so that the whole deep sea sealing process can meet the technical requirement of carbon sealing, and the safety of marine environment and operation equipment can be ensured.|[0049] A system flow diagram of the present invention is shown in fig. 6 to illustrate the energy transfer and mass transfer paths between the four pontoons.|[0050] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention. | (CN121062889)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering and carbon neutralization, in particular to a self-powered carbon capturing and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technology is a key path for controlling the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 and promoting the realization of carbon neutralization targets, and has been widely focused and studied in recent years, wherein the ocean has the advantages of a stable deposition environment in deep open sea areas, a wide sequestration space and a far-apart ecologically sensitive area, and becomes an important ecologically sensitive area for future carbon sequestration and an important carrier for future carbon sequestration. However, there are still significant limitations on the technical layout and application mode of current offshore CCS systems, and it is difficult to adapt to the working requirements of deep open sea areas. The existing offshore CCS system adopts a shore-based fixed or decentralized modularized design, under the design thought, all functional units of the system are often arranged independently and lack of organic integration, a carbon capture module is often required to provide power supply by relying on shore-based facilities, and special equipment and transmission pipelines are required to be additionally arranged in compression, liquefaction and sealing links of CO 2, so that the overall structure is strong in dispersibility. The dispersibility not only increases the occupied area and the space complexity of the system, but also is more critical that the material transmission (such as the transportation of CO 2 from the capturing end to the processing end) among the units is dependent on long-distance pipelines or marine transportation equipment, so that the loss and leakage risk of CO 2 in the transmission process are easily caused, and meanwhile, the difficulty of system installation and later maintenance is also improved.|[0003] From an energy supply perspective, existing offshore CCS systems have a strong dependence on external energy sources. The adsorption regeneration, the compression liquefaction of CO 2 and the operation of related equipment in the carbon capturing process are all required to be continuously supported by stable electric energy, but the deep sea area lacks direct coverage of a shore-based power grid, if electric energy is obtained from a shore base by laying long-distance submarine cables, the construction cost is high, the energy consumption is lost due to the fact that the electric energy transmission distance is too long, if independent fuel oil power generation or other fossil energy power supply equipment is adopted, carbon emission is additionally generated, and the contradiction of the low-carbon initial purpose of the CCS technology is formed, so that the contradiction situation of 'emission reduction and emission increase' is formed, and the carbon emission reduction benefit of the system is weakened. In addition, although some systems try to combine renewable energy sources such as offshore wind power, most of the systems are simply combined in parallel by wind power and CCS, deep coupling of energy supply and each functional unit of the CCS is not realized, fluctuation of wind power output (such as wind speed change and night low power generation state) cannot be balanced with an energy storage mechanism through effective energy scheduling, so that core links such as carbon capture and compression are often interrupted due to unstable power supply, and continuous operation requirements are difficult to meet.|[0004] The short plates of the prior art are more prominent in adapting to the complex environment of deep open sea. The deep sea area is faced with severe working conditions such as high wind speed, large waves and strong salt mist, the structural design of the traditional CCS system does not fully consider the influence of the environment on equipment stability, for example, the distributed modules lack a uniform structural support and stability adjustment mechanism, displacement, inclination and even damage are easy to occur under the action of wind and wave load, functional materials for adsorbing CO 2 in the carbon capture module are not suitable and optimized for the deep sea high salt mist air environment, absorption performance attenuation is easy to be caused by salt erosion after long-term use, carbon capture efficiency is reduced, and storage and conveying equipment after CO 2 compression and liquefaction also often lacks a pressure stabilizing and shock absorbing design for resisting sea wave disturbance, so that the safety risk of leakage of liquid CO 2 is increased.|[0005] The defects are formed by the fact that the prior art cannot break through the limitations of 'functional separation, energy external supply and insufficient environment suitability' in the design concept, on one hand, the technical research and development is focused on the performance improvement of a single CCS link, the integrated collaborative design of a system level is neglected, so that high-efficiency linkage is difficult to form among units, and on the other hand, the special operation conditions of 'ashore support, environment complexity and limited energy supply' of a deep and open sea area are not considered, and the design of the energy self-sourced main supply, the structural stability guarantee and the environment suitability is not incorporated into the whole technical framework. These defects finally cause the poor engineering adaptability, high running cost and low carbon emission reduction efficiency of the existing offshore CCS system in the deep sea area, can not meet the requirements of wind power plants, deep sea offshore platforms and other scenes on-site carbon capture and sequestration, and restrict the large-scale application and popularization of the CCS technology in the marine carbon sink field.|[0006] For the above reasons, it is necessary to provide a self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sequestration integrated system for a floating wind power platform to solve the above problems.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0007] The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a self-powered carbon capturing and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform.|[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:| Self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system of floating wind power platform includes: | The floating platform foundation comprises a plurality of floating pontoon parts, wherein the floating pontoon parts are integrated through connecting parts to form a floating platform floating on the water surface, the floating pontoon parts are configured as carriers of all subsystems, and all the subsystems transmit and transport substances or energy through the connecting parts; | the double-path carbon capture subsystem comprises an air carbon capture module and a seawater carbon capture module, wherein the air carbon capture module introduces air into the adsorption module through negative pressure and selectively adsorbs CO 2 in the air, and the seawater carbon capture module separates out CO 2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode; | the carbon sealing subsystem compresses, liquefies and seals CO 2 conveyed by the dual-path carbon trapping subsystem; | The wind power functional subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower and power distribution equipment for supplying power to each subsystem. |[0009] Further, the air carbon capturing module comprises a solid adsorption module, a regeneration module and a storage module, wherein an adsorption bed is arranged in the solid adsorption module, functional materials for selectively adsorbing CO 2 in air are filled in the adsorption bed, the regeneration module regenerates the adsorption bed in a heating regeneration mode and releases CO 2, and desorbed CO 2 is sent to the storage module.|[0010] Further, the functional material comprises one or more of amino modified adsorption particles, metal organic framework Materials (MOFs), resin type functional materials and porous carbon-based amino functional fillers.|[0011] Further, the seawater carbon capturing module comprises a rough filtration module, a pretreatment and enrichment module, a pH monitoring module, an electrochemical separation module and a bypass module, wherein the extracted seawater is filtered by the rough filtration module and then is sent to the pretreatment and enrichment module, the seawater is subjected to temperature, pH, alkalinity and salinity adjustment, and the pH monitoring module detects that the seawater reaches the standard and is sent to the electrochemical separation module, otherwise, the seawater is sent to the bypass module for circulation treatment.|[0012] Further, an electrode structure is arranged in the electrochemical separation module, the electrode structure comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate which are symmetrically arranged, an ion exchange membrane is arranged between the electrodes, seawater is filled in the reaction area, the ion exchange membrane is a cation and anion exchange membrane, and CO 2 gas generated by the reaction is sent to the CO 2 storage module.|[0013] The carbon sealing subsystem comprises a multistage compression module, a liquefaction module and a storage tank which are sequentially arranged, wherein CO 2 gas is boosted by the multistage compression module and enters the liquefaction module to be cooled into liquid CO 2, and then is stored in the storage tank.|[0014] Further, the wind power functional subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower, the wind power generation tower generates power and distributes electric energy to other subsystems through the distributed power supply module according to load requirements to form self-energy supply.|[0015] Further, the floating platform foundation further comprises a ballast module, and longitudinal and transverse stability of the control platform is regulated through the counterweight and the liquid tank.|[0016] The invention has the advantages that wind energy is captured by the wind turbine at the top of the central pontoon, is converted into electric energy after being transmitted into a power generation system through the main shaft, and is sequentially processed by the rectifying, voltage stabilizing, power distribution and energy scheduling modules, and power is supplied to the pontoon A (air carbon capturing module), the pontoon B (sea water carbon capturing module) and the pontoon C (compression storage module) through cables in the connecting rod. Buoy A operates adsorption-desorption cycle to stably output high-purity CO 2 gas, buoy B converts carbonate ions in seawater into CO 2 gas based on electrochemical induction reaction, and outputs the CO 2 gas to buoy C. And the pontoon C uniformly receives two paths of CO 2 gas, compresses, cools and liquefies, and finally seals and stores the two paths of CO 2 gas into a deep sea geological layer through a high-pressure pump, so that the integrated operation of the whole carbon trapping and sealing process in the open sea environment is realized.|[0017] The platform disclosed by the invention has the advantages of reasonable configuration, high functional integration level, wind energy driving, autonomous running, continuous carbon capturing, on-site storage and the like, is particularly suitable for deep-open sea areas without submarine pipe networks and far away from shore-based power grids, and can be used for application scenes such as wind power plant carbon compensation, ocean-based CDR (complementary-based CDR) and the like.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a floating platform foundation of the present invention;| FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the center pontoon according to the invention; | FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an air carbon capture buoy in accordance with the present invention; | FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seawater carbon capture buoy of the invention; | FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the liquefaction containment buoy of the present invention; | FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the system of the present invention; | In the figure, 1, a central pontoon, 2, a pontoon A, 3, a pontoon B, 4, a pontoon C,5, a ballast module, 6, a connecting box, 7, a connecting rod, 8, a wind power generation tower, 9, a marine multi-core cable, 10, a wind pressure induced fan, 11, a pipeline, 12, a flexible high-voltage conveying hose, 101, a generator, 102, a distribution device, 103, a rectification voltage regulating module, 104, a distributed power supply module, 105, a monitoring communication device, 106, an energy storage device, 201, a solid adsorption module, 202, a regeneration module, 203, a storage module, 301, a bracket structure, 302, a water pumping pipe, 303, a water pumping pump, 304, a water diversion pipe, 305, a rough filtration module, 306, a pretreatment and enrichment module, 307, a pH monitoring module, 308, a bypass module, 309, an electrochemical separation module, 310, an ion exchange membrane, 311, an electrode plate, 312, a power supply control system, 313, an electrolyte, 314, a CO2 storage module, 401, a liquefaction module, 402, a multistage compression module, 403, a storage tank, 404 and a high-pressure pump. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0019] The following describes the invention in further detail with reference to examples. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.|[0020] The invention relates to a self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system of a floating wind power platform, which is particularly suitable for a wind energy utilization and carbon dioxide capture and sealing cooperative system in a deep open sea area. The system organically integrates the wind power generation module and the air carbon capture, seawater carbon capture, compression liquefaction and sealing submodule into four buoy structures, and constructs a carbon capture sealing platform which can be self-powered, continuously operated and is suitable for a far-sea environment.|[0021] The floating platform foundation comprises a plurality of floating platform parts, wherein the floating platform parts are integrated through connecting parts to form a floating platform floating on the water surface, the floating platform parts are configured to be carriers of all subsystems, all the subsystems are connected and transported through the connecting parts, specifically, the floating platform foundation comprises a central floating platform 1, a floating platform A2-air carbon capturing floating platform, a floating platform B3-seawater carbon capturing floating platform and a floating platform C4-liquefaction sealing floating platform, physical and functional coupling is realized through connecting rods 7 and connecting boxes 6, in the embodiment, four floating platform parts are taken as an example, all the floating platforms are of a cylindrical structure, the central floating platform 1 is located at the center, the floating platform A2/B/C is distributed in a regular triangle shape, all the floating platform parts are connected and fixed through the connecting boxes 6 and the connecting rods 7 to form the integral platform foundation, and matched units required by carbon capturing and carbon sealing are integrated in all the floating platform parts respectively, so that the defects of being not matched among all the units in the prior art are overcome, and wind power capturing and CO 2 sealing functions are combined to form a complete floating system.|[0022] The central pontoon 1 is used as an energy heart of a self-powered carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system of the whole floating wind power platform, and the design of the central pontoon is unfolded around three core targets of high-efficiency energy capture-stable electric energy treatment-accurate energy distribution, so that the central pontoon is fully adapted to a deep and open sea complex environment in terms of structural layout and functional integration. The wind power generation tower 8 standing at the top adopts a high-strength steel conical structure, the height of the tower is optimally designed according to the average wind speed of the deep sea and the diameter of the wind wheel, and the wind speed is usually between 80 and 100 meters, so that the wind wheel can capture the airflow with higher wind speed (the offshore wind speed increases logarithmically with the increase of the height, the wind speed in the height interval is 30 to 50 percent higher than that of the sea), and the impact of wind load on the tower is reduced through the conical structure. When the horizontal axis wind driven generator 101 supported at the top of the tower is in a high wind speed condition (usually rated wind speed is 12-15 m/s), the wind wheel continuously rotates under the pushing of the air flow, the mechanical energy is transmitted to the internal main shaft through the hub, and the main shaft drives the generator 101 to operate after the rotating speed of the main shaft is increased through the speed increasing gearbox. The generator 101 adopts the permanent magnet synchronous generator 101, and compared with the traditional asynchronous generator 101, the generator has the advantages of high efficiency (rated working condition efficiency is more than or equal to 97%), high power density and good low-speed power generation performance, can efficiently convert mechanical energy transmitted by a main shaft into three-phase alternating current, has output voltage of 690V and frequency of 50Hz, and meets the basic power consumption type requirements of marine equipment.|[0023] The three-phase alternating current output by the generator 101 firstly enters the main control cabinet and the power distribution device 102, as shown in fig. 2, the device is equivalent to a central dispatching station of an energy system, core elements such as a breaker, a contactor, a voltage transformer, a current transformer and the like are integrated inside the device, parameters such as voltage, current, power and the like output by the generator 101 can be monitored in real time, and a circuit is rapidly cut off when faults such as overload and overcurrent occur, so that the safety of downstream equipment is protected. The electric energy then enters a rectifying and voltage regulating module 103 which is designed by combining a three-phase bridge rectifying circuit and a DC-DC/DC-AC conversion unit, wherein for a subsystem needing direct current (such as electrode power supply of an electrochemical separation module 309 and charge and discharge control of an energy storage device 106), the rectifying unit firstly converts three-phase alternating current into direct current, then the output voltage is regulated by a DC-DC converter (which can be flexibly regulated between 24V and 400V) to ensure that the voltage is stabilized at a rated value required by the subsystem, and for a subsystem needing alternating current with a specific frequency (such as a centrifugal compressor and a motor of a wind pressure induced fan 10), the direct current is converted into alternating current with a specific frequency (such as 60 Hz) by a DC-AC inverter to meet the rotating speed control requirements of different motors. The rectifying and voltage regulating module 103 also has a voltage compensation function, when the output voltage of the generator 101 deviates by +/-10% due to fluctuation of wind speed, the output voltage can be quickly regulated, the deviation is controlled within +/-2%, and the power utilization stability of the subsystem is ensured.|[0024] The rectified and voltage-regulated electric energy is transmitted to the distributed power supply module 104. The module adopts a distributed control architecture, distributes electric energy to three functional buoys, namely, a buoy A (air carbon capture), a buoy B (seawater carbon capture) and a buoy C (liquefaction seal storage), through a plurality of independent power supply loops, and each loop is provided with an independent power supply management unit, so that the power supply power can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time load requirements of each buoy. For example, when the electrochemical separation module 309 of pontoon B is in a high-load operation (electrode current density is raised to 150A/m 2), the distributed power supply module 104 automatically increases the power supply of that loop while ensuring that the power supply of the other loops is not affected. In order to improve the reliability of the system, the module has a redundancy switching function, each functional pontoon is provided with two independent power supply loops, and when a main loop fails (such as a cable break and poor contact of a joint), a standby loop can be automatically switched to operate within 50ms, so that carbon capture or blocking operation interruption caused by power failure is avoided. In addition, the short-circuit protection function is realized through an integrated quick fuse and an electronic protection device, when a short-circuit fault occurs in a loop, the power supply can be cut off within 10ms to prevent the fault from expanding, the remote control function is connected with a central monitoring system through an industrial Ethernet, and an operator can remotely adjust power supply parameters and start and stop the power supply loop in a shore-based control center or a central control room of a platform to realize unmanned operation and maintenance.|[0025] The monitoring communication device 105, which cooperates with the distributed power supply module 104, is a "data center" of the energy system, and integrates a data acquisition card, a wireless communication module (supporting Beidou satellite communication and 4G/5G offshore dedicated frequency bands) and a data storage unit therein. The device collects data such as the rotating speed, the generating capacity and the temperature of the wind driven generator 101, the output voltage and the output current of the rectifying and voltage regulating module 103, the power of each power supply loop, the voltage fluctuation and the like in real time through the sensor, the collection frequency can reach 1 time/second, and the data storage capacity can meet the historical data storage requirement of more than 3 years. Meanwhile, the monitoring communication device 105 can analyze the collected data in real time, for example, by comparing the real-time generated energy with the energy consumption of each subsystem, calculate the energy utilization efficiency, and pre-make an energy scheduling strategy according to wind speed prediction data (the trend of the future 24-hour wind speed change is obtained through a meteorological satellite), when the future several hours wind speed is predicted to be significantly reduced, pre-control the energy storage device 106 to increase the charge amount, and reserve energy for the subsequent low power generation state. In addition, the device also supports platform-level energy scheduling, and energy allocation can be adjusted according to the priority of carbon capture and sealing operation, for example, when the liquefaction sealing module of the pontoon C needs high-power operation (the compressor works at full load), electric energy supply is preferentially ensured, and the regenerative heating power of the absorption module of the pontoon A can be temporarily reduced if necessary, so that the core sealing link is ensured not to be interrupted.|[0026] In order to cope with the common wind speed fluctuation in deep open sea (such as sudden rise of wind speed from 5m/s to 18m/s in a short time) and the night low power generation state (the output power of the generator 101 is greatly reduced when the wind speed is lower than 3 m/s), the system is provided with an energy storage device 106, and a hybrid energy storage structure with a lithium battery pack and a super capacitor in parallel is adopted, so that the long-term energy storage and short-term response requirements are considered. The lithium battery pack is composed of lithium iron phosphate batteries, the single voltage is 3.2V, the total capacity is designed according to the maximum load and the endurance requirement of the system, is generally 500-1000kWh, and is mainly used for long-term energy storage tasks, for example, in a night low wind speed period, power is continuously supplied to each subsystem for 4-8 hours, carbon capture operation is guaranteed to be continuously carried out, the super capacitor is an electric double layer super capacitor, the single voltage is 2.7V, the total capacity is 50-100F, the advantages of high charge and discharge speed (the charge time can be as short as second level) and long cycle life (more than or equal to 10 ten thousand times) are achieved, the super capacitor is mainly used for short-term voltage stabilization and load transition, when the output voltage of the generator 101 is suddenly increased due to sudden increase of wind speed, excessive electric energy is quickly absorbed, voltage impact damage equipment is avoided, when the voltage is suddenly reduced due to sudden decrease of wind speed, the super capacitor is quickly released, the voltage is kept stable, the transition time is generally within 10-50ms, and the operation of the subsystem is guaranteed not to be affected. In addition, in the system starting stage, the energy storage device 106 can also provide starting support for high-power equipment such as the generator 101, the compressor and the like, so that impact on a power grid caused by high current during direct starting is avoided.|[0027] The stable electric energy after the treatment is transmitted to each functional pontoon through the marine multi-core cable 9. The cable adopts special maritime engineering design standard, can adapt to the temperature change of deep and open sea, adopts neoprene material as an outer sheath, has excellent salt spray corrosion resistance, seawater soaking resistance and mechanical abrasion resistance, and has the service life of more than 20 years. In order to prevent the cable from being damaged in the sea storm, the marine grade multi-core cable 9 is arranged inside the connecting rod 7, and a cable channel and a maintenance channel are reserved inside, so that the cable is protected from external impact, and the cable is convenient to maintain in the later period. The length of the connecting rod 7 is designed according to the distance between pontoons, and the connecting rod is rigidly connected with each pontoon through a flange, so that stable electric energy transmission to the pontoons A, B, C is ensured.|[0028] The stability of the platform is another key factor of safe operation of the system while the stable supply of energy is ensured, and therefore, the bottom of each pontoon A, B, C is provided with a ballast module 5, and the longitudinal stability and the transverse stability of the platform are realized through the synergistic effect of the fixed counterweight and the adjustable liquid tank. The fixed counterweight part of the ballast module 5 is made of high-density cast iron (density 7200kg/m 3), the weight of the ballast module is 60% -70% of the total weight of the ballast, the ballast module is mainly used for reducing the gravity center of a platform, improving the overall stability and preventing the platform from overturning in stormy waves, the adjustable liquid tank is of a cylindrical or rectangular structure, the volume of the adjustable liquid tank is designed according to the maximum inclination angle of the platform, and the adjustable liquid tank is usually 10-20m3, and the ballast weight can be adjusted by seawater injection or discharge. When the platform is inclined longitudinally or transversely due to the action of wind and waves, the liquid level sensor of the ballast module 5 can detect the inclination angle and the direction in real time, and the control system can inject seawater into the adjustable liquid tank on one inclined side or discharge seawater from the liquid tank on the other side through the water suction pump 303 according to detection data, so that the gravity center position of the platform is adjusted, the inclination angle is restored to be within 1 degree, and the equipment (such as the adsorption bed, the electrolytic tank and the storage tank 403) in each functional pontoon is ensured to be in a horizontal working state. For example, if the pontoon B is inclined, the liquid level in the electrolytic tank may be uneven, which affects the electrode reaction efficiency, and the real-time adjustment of the ballast module 5 can effectively avoid such problems, so as to ensure the stable performance of the carbon capturing and sealing operation.|[0029] The system organically integrates three main core functions of wind power supply, carbon capture and deep sea storage into a floating platform foundation to form a closed-loop autonomous operation system. In the aspect of carbon capture, the system adopts a two-module parallel scheme of air carbon capture and seawater carbon capture, breaks through the efficiency bottleneck of a single carbon capture path, and adapts to the carbon source characteristic in a deep and open sea complex environment.|[0030] In particular, in the embodiment, the air carbon capturing module is arranged in a pontoon A2, as shown in FIG. 3, the pontoon A2 is used as a core functional unit for capturing air carbon in an integrated system, the internal structure and the process flow are sequentially developed around the high-efficiency air introduction-accurate CO 2 adsorption-stable regeneration carbon release, and the operation stability and the carbon capturing efficiency under the deep sea environment are fully considered in the design of each link. The air inlet device of the pontoon A2 is a precondition for realizing large-scale air treatment, and the device takes the wind pressure induced fan 10 as a core power source, adopts induced fan equipment with salt spray corrosion resistance and marine organism adhesion resistance, and can run for a long time in a high-humidity and high-salinity environment without being easy to rust. The fan motor is an explosion-proof asynchronous motor, as shown in fig. 3, not only the wind pressure induced draft fan 10 is arranged at the inlet at the top of the pontoon A2, but also the induced draft fan is correspondingly arranged in the transportation process of the internal storage module 203 and the pipeline 11 for the CO2, thereby transporting the CO2 between systems. The rated power of the wind pressure induced-draft fan 10 is designed according to the air handling capacity of the pontoon A2, the rotating speed can be adjusted through a variable frequency speed regulator, the air introducing amount can be controlled, when the system needs to improve the carbon capturing efficiency, the rotating speed of the fan can be improved to 2900r/min from 1450r/min, at the moment, the negative pressure value of a negative pressure area generated by the rotation of the fan can reach-50 Pa to-80 Pa, a large amount of peripheral air can be efficiently guided to flow in from an air inlet at the top of the pontoon A2, and an insect screen and coarse filter cotton are further arranged at the inlet, so that impurities such as sea sand, plankton and the like in the air can be intercepted, and the air can be prevented from entering a subsequent module to cause blockage.|[0031] The air flowing into the pontoon A2 firstly enters a solid adsorption module 201 (fixed bed), which is the key for realizing selective capture of CO 2, adopts a fixed bed structural design, the shell of the adsorption bed is made of 316L stainless steel, the inner wall is smooth, and a polytetrafluoroethylene coating is sprayed, so that the chemical reaction of the adsorbent and the shell is prevented, and the flow resistance of air flow is reduced. The adsorption material uniformly loaded in the adsorption bed is strictly screened, amino modified adsorption particles, MOFs (metal organic frameworks), resin functional materials or porous carbon-based amino functional fillers can be selected according to practical application scenes, the amino modified adsorption particles usually take mesoporous silica as a carrier, amino groups (such as ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine) are grafted on the surface, the adsorption capacity can reach 2-4mmol/g through the chemical adsorption of amino groups and CO 2, the adsorption can be stably carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, the MOFs can capture CO 2 through the super-large specific surface area (up to 2000-5000m < 2 >/g) and controllable pore channel structures and have the advantages of high adsorption rate and low regeneration energy consumption through physical adsorption and weakening chemical effects, the resin functional materials take polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer as a skeleton, the selectivity to CO 2 is enhanced through introducing functional groups such as amino groups or carboxyl groups, the like, the temperature resistance and the chemical stability are excellent, and the service life can reach 3-5 years. In order to maximize the contact efficiency of the lifting airflow and the adsorbent, the problem of insufficient adsorption caused by 'airflow short circuit' is avoided, the airflow is layered and uniformly distributed in the adsorbent bed, an arc-shaped air guide plate is arranged in the adsorbent bed at intervals of 30-50cm along the height direction, air guide holes with diameters of 5-8mm are uniformly formed in the air guide plate, the air guide holes of adjacent air guide plates are distributed in a staggered manner, and when the air flows through the air guide plates, the air flow is divided into a plurality of small airflows and uniformly distributed to the adsorbent layers below, so that each part of adsorbent can be fully contacted with the air. The whole adsorption process is strictly maintained under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure (0.1 MPa), high temperature or high pressure environment is not required to be additionally provided, the energy consumption is reduced, CO 2 molecules in the air can be firmly fixed on the surface of the adsorbent through chemical or physical effects, other gases such as nitrogen, oxygen and the like are not influenced by the adsorption effect, and are discharged from an exhaust port at the bottom of the adsorption bed, so that the efficient separation of CO 2 and the air is realized.|[0032] After the adsorbent has been in operation for a period of time to saturation (as monitored by the outlet CO 2 concentration sensor, for example, when the concentration exceeds 500ppm, it is determined to be saturated), it enters the regeneration module 202 for heat treatment to release adsorbed CO 2 gas. The heating system of the regeneration module 202 uses the heating wire as a core heating element, the heating wire is made of nichrome material (nickel content 80% and chromium content 20%), the heating wire has the characteristics of high heating efficiency (more than or equal to 95%), high temperature resistance (the long-term use temperature can reach 1200 ℃) and strong oxidation resistance, the heating wire is uniformly wound in the heating sleeve outside the adsorption bed, and the magnesium oxide insulating material is filled between the heating sleeve and the adsorption bed, so that the heat is ensured to be efficiently transferred to the inside of the adsorption bed, and the local overheating damage to the adsorbent caused by direct contact of the heating wire and the adsorption bed is prevented. The regeneration heating process adopts a sectional temperature control strategy, namely, firstly, the temperature is slowly increased to 80-100 ℃ from normal temperature (the temperature rising rate is 5-10 ℃ per minute), the moisture adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent is mainly removed at the stage, then, the temperature is increased to 120-150 ℃ and maintained for 1-2 hours, at the temperature, the adsorption bond between the adsorbent and CO 2 is broken, and the CO 2 is efficiently desorbed. Because the temperature in the heating process is stable and the adsorbent has no reaction with other gases, the concentration of the desorbed CO 2 can reach more than 95 percent, the purity fluctuation range is only +/-1 percent, and the purity requirement of the subsequent compression liquefaction is completely met. The desorbed CO 2 gas is conveyed to the storage module 203 through a thermal isolation conduit, the conduit adopts a double-layer stainless steel structure, a vacuum heat insulation material (such as superfine glass wool) is filled in an interlayer, the thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.03W/(m.K), the temperature loss of CO 2 in the conveying process can be effectively reduced, and the phenomenon that the pipeline 11 is blocked due to condensation of CO 2 caused by temperature dip is avoided.|[0033] The storage module 203 is used as a temporary buffer unit of CO 2, and is essentially a gas-phase buffer cabin, the volume of which is designed according to the carbon capturing rate and the regeneration period of the pontoon A2, the shell is made of pressure-resistant stainless steel, the design pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the pressure fluctuation of CO 2 gas in the regeneration process can be borne. In order to ensure stable storage and unidirectional transmission of CO 2 in the buffer cabin, a multiple safety control assembly is integrated in the module, a pressure regulating valve is used for automatically opening and releasing pressure through real-time monitoring of the pressure in the cabin, for example, when the pressure exceeds 0.25MPa, the pressure is reduced to below 0.2MPa, safety risks caused by the fact that the pressure in the cabin is too high are prevented, a floating ball type structure is adopted in the backflow prevention device, when the pressure of CO 2 airflow in a guide pipe is insufficient, a pipeline opening is automatically plugged by the floating ball under the action of gravity, air or other gases are prevented from flowing backwards into the buffer cabin to pollute CO 2, a spring type structure is adopted in the check valve, only CO 2 is allowed to flow from the thermal isolation guide pipe to the buffer cabin, and the check valve is automatically closed when the pressure is reversed, and unidirectional flow of the airflow is further ensured. Considering that a single adsorption tower cannot perform carbon capturing operation in the regeneration process, 3-4 adsorption towers are usually arranged in the pontoon A2 to run in parallel, and all adsorption towers perform an adsorption-regeneration process in a rotating way according to a preset time sequence, for example, when the adsorption tower 1 is in an adsorption state, the adsorption tower 2 is in a regeneration state, the adsorption tower 3 is in a cooling standby state, the adsorption tower 4 is in a pressure release preparation state, each process is about 3-4 hours, and the system can realize closed loop circulation of continuous carbon capturing and periodic regeneration through the rotating operation mode, so that the CO 2 capturing process is ensured to be uninterrupted. Finally, the high-purity CO 2 in the storage module 203 is led into the pontoon C4 through the transmission pipeline 11 in the connecting box 6, the pipeline 11 adopts a corrosion-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene lining steel pipe, the diameter of the pipeline 11 can be specifically designed according to the flow of CO 2, a flow sensor and a stop valve are arranged on the pipeline 11, the transmission quantity of CO 2 can be monitored in real time, the pipeline 11 is cut off when needed, and the safety and controllability of the whole carbon capture-transmission flow are ensured.|[0034] Further, the seawater carbon capturing module separates out CO2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode, the seawater carbon capturing module comprises a rough filtration module 305, a pretreatment and enrichment module, a pH monitoring module 307, an electrochemical separation module 309 and a bypass module 308, the extracted seawater is filtered by the rough filtration module 305 and then sent to the pretreatment and enrichment module, the seawater is subjected to temperature, pH, alkalinity and salinity adjustment, and the pH monitoring module 307 detects that the seawater reaches the standard and sends the seawater to the electrochemical separation module 309, otherwise, the seawater is sent to the bypass module 308 for circulation treatment. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the pontoon B is used as a core unit for capturing seawater carbon in the integrated system, and the core function of the pontoon B is to efficiently separate out and dissolve inorganic carbon (mainly in the form of HCO 3⁻、CO3 & lt 2 & gt) from seawater, and the structural design and flow planning of the whole system are all surrounded by stable water taking, precise pretreatment and subsequent reaction development, so that the efficient and continuous carbon capturing operation is ensured in a deep and open sea complex marine environment. The support structure 301 of the pontoon B is a foundation for guaranteeing stable operation of the water inlet system, the support structure 301 is designed into a frame structure according to the weight and the installation requirement of the pump set, the bottom is rigidly connected with the bulkhead of the pontoon B through bolts, and the top is provided with an adjustable damping support for bearing water inlet system core equipment such as a water suction pump 303 and a pipeline 11 connector, so that the operation stability of other modules (such as the sensor precision of a pH monitoring module) is prevented from being influenced by vibration transmission to the pontoon main body, and the service life of the pump set is prolonged.|[0035] The water inlet system consisting of the water suction pipe 302, the water suction pump 303 and the water guide pipe 304 is a key channel for the pontoon B to acquire seawater, and the design focus is on the characteristics of corrosion resistance, high flow and low energy consumption. The water suction pipe 302 is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) material, the pipe diameter is designed to be 200-300mm according to the sea water treatment capacity, the pipe body is embedded into a sea water diversion trench at the bottom of the pontoon B, the water inlet extends to the position 1-2m outside the pontoon, and the water suction pump 303 is used as a power core of a water inlet system. The water pump 303 has the dual advantages of low energy consumption and high flow (rated flow is 100-150m < 3 >/h), the rotating speed can be dynamically regulated according to the sea water demand of the subsequent pretreatment module through the variable frequency controller, for example, when the pretreatment module is in low-load operation, the rotating speed of the pump set is reduced from 2900r/min to 1450r/min, the water demand can be met, the energy waste can be avoided, the water conduit 304 is connected with the outlet of the water pump 303 and the inlet of the coarse filtration module 305, the elastic joint is arranged on the pipeline 11, the expansion caused by the temperature change of the pipeline 11 can be compensated, and the cracking and the water leakage of the pipeline 11 can be prevented.|[0036] After flowing out of the penstock 304, the raw seawater first enters a rough filtration module 305, and the core function of the module is to remove large particle impurities (such as sediment and shell fragments) and plankton (such as algae and zooplankton) in the seawater, so that the pipeline 11 is prevented from being blocked or equipment is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the raw seawater enters a subsequent precise module. The coarse filtration module 305 adopts a combined filtration structure of a multi-stage screen and sand filtration, a stainless steel wedge-shaped screen with the aperture of 500 mu m is adopted as a first stage, large particle impurities with the diameter of more than 500 mu m are removed through physical interception, the surface of the screen adopts an inclined design (the inclination angle is 15 degrees), an automatic back flushing device is arranged, when the pressure difference of the screen exceeds 50kPa, a back flushing pump is automatically started, impurities attached to the surface of the screen are flushed to a sewage draining groove through high-pressure water flow (the pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa) from the inner side of the screen, cleaning can be completed without stopping the machine, a quartz sand filter layer is adopted as a filter material, high-quality quartz sand with the particle diameter of 0.8-1.2mm is adopted as a second stage, the filling height is 800-1000mm, seawater flows through the sand filter layer from top to bottom under the action of gravity, fine particles and plankton with the diameter of 10-500 mu m can be intercepted by the sand filter layer, the filtering precision can be below 10 mu m, microorganisms are not easy to grow on the surface of the quartz sand filter layer, and the blockage of the filter layer caused by the microorganism slime is reduced. In order to ensure stable filtering effect, the rough filtering module 305 is further provided with a differential pressure sensor and a flow sensor, the differential pressure and the seawater flow before and after filtering are monitored in real time, and when the differential pressure is abnormally increased or the flow is obviously reduced, an alarm signal is immediately sent out to prompt an operator to check a filtering layer or perform manual cleaning.|[0037] The pre-filtered seawater then enters a pretreatment and enrichment module 306, which is a key link for improving the subsequent electrochemical separation efficiency, and is conditioned to a state most suitable for CO 2 precipitation through three core operations of temperature adjustment, alkalinity compensation and salinity correction. The temperature regulating unit adopts a plate heat exchanger, the plate material of the heat exchanger is titanium alloy, the heat exchanger has excellent corrosion resistance and heat conductivity (the heat conductivity coefficient is more than or equal to 17W/(m & gtK)), the heat exchange medium is low-temperature cooling water (the temperature is 10-15 ℃) generated by the pontoon C liquefaction module 401, the temperature of the seawater is stably controlled to be 20-25 ℃ by regulating the flow of the heat exchange medium, the temperature interval can ensure the chemical activity of HCO 3 -in the seawater and avoid the reduction of the electrode reaction efficiency of a subsequent electrochemical separation module 309 caused by the overhigh temperature, the alkalinity compensating unit strengthens the concentration of HCO 38356-in the seawater by accurately injecting chemical agents, naOH or Ca (OH) 2 solution is generally selected as an alkalinity regulator, the agents are stored in a corrosion-resistant storage tank 403 at the top of the pontoon B, the injection amount is dynamically regulated according to real-time data of an online alkalinity monitor, for example, when the original HCO 3 -concentration is 2.0mmol/L, the concentration of the seawater is increased to 2.5-3.0 per mill by injecting a proper amount of NaOH solution, the concentration of the seawater is increased to be 2.5 per mill/3 per mill/L, the salinity of the seawater is increased to be more than 32 per mill, the salinity difference of the seawater is corrected to be 32 per mill or the salinity is not increased by a small amount of the seawater concentration of 32 per mill, and the seawater is corrected to be 32 per mill, the salinity difference of the seawater is compared with the seawater is adjusted to a small amount of the seawater concentration of 32 per mill (32 per mill) by the sea concentration is separated by the sea water concentration unit), this salinity window ensures proper conductivity (25-30S/m) of the seawater, avoiding the increase in power consumption of the electrochemical separation module 309 due to too low salinity, or the fouling of the electrode surfaces due to too high salinity.|[0038] The pretreated seawater is detected by a pH monitoring module, the module is a key gate for judging whether the seawater is suitable for the subsequent electrochemical separation reaction, the core equipment is an online pH sensor (measuring range 0-14pH, precision + -0.01 pH), a sensor probe is made of glass electrode materials, the surface is covered by a polytetrafluoroethylene protective film, the measurement precision can be prevented from being influenced by the adhesion of impurities in the seawater, and the probe can automatically calibrate a standard solution once per hour (using standard buffer solutions with pH values of 4.01, 7.00 and 10.01), so that the accuracy of monitoring data is ensured. The optimal reaction pH range of the electrochemical separation module 309 is set to 6.5-8.2, and when the pH monitoring module detects that the pH value of the seawater is in the range, the system automatically opens the electromagnetic valve to allow the seawater to flow into the electrochemical separation module 309; if the pH is lower than 6.5 (the acidity is too strong, which may cause corrosion of the electrode) or higher than 8.2 (the alkalinity is too strong, which may inhibit the reaction between HCO 3 -and h+), the solenoid valve is automatically closed, the seawater enters the bypass module 308, the bypass module 308 comprises two treatment paths, namely, for the seawater with smaller pH deviation (such as 6.0-6.5 or 8.2-8.5), the seawater is re-circulated to the pretreatment and enrichment module 306 through the bypass pipeline 11, the injected amount of the alkalinity regulator is regulated and then is conditioned again, for the seawater with larger pH deviation (such as <6.0 or > 8.5), the neutralization treatment unit is firstly introduced, and after the pH is restored to 6.5-8.2, the seawater is re-injected to the front end of the pretreatment and enrichment module 306 for secondary conditioning, so that the water quality entering the electrochemical separation module 309 always meets the reaction requirements, and the carbon capture efficiency is prevented from being influenced by the abnormality or the core equipment is damaged.|[0039] The electrochemical separation module 309 is used as a core reaction unit for capturing seawater carbon of the pontoon B, and as shown in fig. 4, the electrolytic tank type structural design directly determines the precipitation efficiency and the system operation stability of the dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. The main body of the electrolytic tank of the module is made of 316L stainless steel, the thickness of the tank body is designed to be 10-15mm according to the operating pressure (the design pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa), a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-corrosion coating (the thickness is 50-80 mu m) is sprayed on the inner wall, the corrosion of high-concentration Cl & lt- & gt in seawater can be resisted, the dissolution of metal ions to pollute the electrolyte 313 can be avoided, and the long-term operation is ensured to have no leakage risk. The electrode structure in the electrolytic tank adopts a symmetrical arrangement mode, the design can lead the current to be uniformly distributed in the electrolyte 313, electrode polarization or scaling caused by overhigh local current density is avoided, the number of electrode groups is configured according to the sea water treatment capacity, generally 5-10 groups, the distance between each group of electrode pairs is controlled to be 50-80mm, the electrolyte 313 is ensured to have enough flowing space, and the ion migration distance can be reduced to reduce the energy consumption.|[0040] The electrode plate 311 forming the anode and cathode pair is a core component for realizing electrochemical reaction, and the material selection of the electrode plate is required to meet three requirements of high stability, high conductivity and marine corrosion resistance, so that titanium-based noble metal oxide or graphite alloy material is selected. The titanium-based noble metal oxide electrode takes a pure titanium plate (the purity is more than or equal to 99.5%) as a base material, the surface is coated with an IrO 2-RuO2-TiO2 ternary coating (the coating thickness is 5-10 mu m) by a thermal decomposition method, the coating has excellent electrocatalytic activity (oxygen evolution overpotential is as low as 1.4V vs SHE), can stably run in seawater for a long time, has Cl-corrosion resistance life of more than 5000 hours and conductivity of up to 1000S/m, can effectively reduce the resistance loss of the electrode, and the graphite alloy electrode takes high-density graphite (the density is more than or equal to 1.8g/cm <3 >) as a base body, is doped with 5-10% of copper or silver powder to promote conductivity, and forms a compact protective layer on the surface by dipping resin treatment. The dimensions of the electrode plates 311 are designed according to the specifications of the electrolytic cell, and are typically 1000mm by 800mm by 5mm. The ion exchange membrane 310 arranged between the electrodes is a key barrier for guaranteeing the directional progress of the electrochemical reaction and improving the separation efficiency of CO 2, and adopts a double-membrane structure of combining a cation exchange membrane 310 and an anion exchange membrane 310, wherein the two membranes are alternately arranged between the electrode pairs to divide the electrolytic tank into a plurality of independent reaction chambers (an anode chamber, a cathode chamber and an intermediate electrolyte 313 chamber). The cation exchange membrane 310 is made of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin (such as Nafion membrane) and only allows cations such as H+, na+, ca2+ to pass through to prevent anions from migrating with gas molecules, the anion exchange membrane 310 is made of quaternized polyphenyl ether ketone material, the membrane thickness is 180-220 mu m, only allows anions such as HCO 3⁻、CO3 & lt 2 & gt, cl & lt- & gt and the like to pass through, the ionic conductivity of the two membranes is more than or equal to 0.1S/cm, and the efficient migration of ions is ensured to maintain electric neutrality. The core effect of the double-membrane structure is to isolate electrode products, wherein O 2 and H+ are generated in the reaction of the anode side, H 2 and OH-are generated in the reaction of the cathode side, the ion exchange membrane 310 can prevent the OH-from migrating to the anode side and neutralizing with H+ (if the OH-and H+ are combined to generate H 2 O, the local H+ concentration is reduced, the precipitation of CO 2 is inhibited), meanwhile, cl 2(Cl2 generated by the oxidization of the anode can be prevented from mixing with CO 2 to pollute gas, the double-membrane structure has strong corrosiveness), in addition, the safety risk caused by mixing H 2 and O 2 in an electrolytic tank can be avoided, the precipitation efficiency of CO 2 is improved by 30% -40% through multiple isolation effects, and the purity of CO 2 in the precipitated gas can reach more than 94%.|[0041] The reaction area of the electrolytic tank is filled with seawater as electrolyte 313, the seawater is pretreated and pH-adjusted qualified seawater, the salinity of the seawater is controlled to be 32-34 per mill (the conductivity is ensured to be 25-30S/m), and the HCO 3 -concentration is increased to be 2.5-3.0mmol/L, so that sufficient reactants can be provided for electrochemical reaction, and the electrolyte 313 can be ensured to have good conductivity so as to reduce the tank voltage. During the reaction, the electrolyte 313 is not only a carrier for ion migration (cations move to the cathode through the cation exchange membrane 310, anions move to the anode through the anion exchange membrane 310), but also directly participates in the electrode reaction, and the electroneutrality of the whole system is maintained through the directional migration of ions. Meanwhile, the electrolyte 313 flows in a forced circulation mode (driven by a miniature magnetic pump, and the circulation flow is 5-10m < 3 >/h), so that heat generated by the reaction (the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction can be about 50-80W/L) can be timely taken away, the local temperature is prevented from rising to be more than 40 ℃ (the too high temperature can reduce the selectivity of the ion exchange membrane 310 and can also accelerate electrode corrosion), the concentration of HCO 3 -in the electrolyte 313 is uniformly distributed, and the reaction interruption caused by HCO 3 -depletion nearby the electrode is prevented.|[0042] The power control system 312 is used as an 'energy regulation center' of the electrochemical separation module 309 to directly determine the intensity and stability of electrode reaction, and adopts a high-frequency switching power supply design, wherein the output voltage range is 0-10V, the output current range is 0-200A, and the accurate regulation of voltage and current can be realized through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology, and the regulation precision is +/-0.01V and +/-0.1A respectively. the system is internally integrated with the PLC and the current-voltage feedback module, and can collect the voltages at two ends of the electrode in real time, The method comprises the steps of current data, dynamically adjusting output parameters according to the precipitation rate of CO 2 (monitored by a gas flow sensor), properly improving output current when the yield of CO 2 needs to be improved, enhancing the reaction intensity of an electrode, automatically reducing the output current and starting a back flushing program (removing dirt on the surface of the electrode by reverse energization) when abnormal increase of the electrode voltage (possibly caused by electrode scaling) is detected. Under steady power from the power control system 312, the anode side first undergoes an oxidation reaction: the water molecules on the surface of the anode plate lose electrons to generate O 2, H+ and electrons (reaction formula: 2H 2O - 4e⁻ → O2 ++4H+), the H+ generated will rapidly accumulate near the anode, the local pH value of the reaction liquid is suddenly reduced from the initial pH value of 6.5-8.2 to the pH value of 4.0-5.0. When the local pH value is reduced, the original chemical balance of the HCO 3 -and the CO 3 -in the seawater is broken, namely, the CO 3 2-and H+ are combined to generate HCO 3⁻(CO3²⁻ + H⁺ → HCO3 -, then the HCO 3 -is further reacted with H+ to generate CO 2 gas and water molecules (HCO 3⁻ + H⁺ → CO2↑ + H2 O), the whole reaction process can be rapidly carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the reaction rate can reach 0.5-1.0kg CO 2/(m 2 electrode, H). The CO 2 gas generated by the reaction exists in the electrolyte 313 in the form of tiny bubbles which float upwards with the flow of the electrolyte 313 and eventually collect in the gas collection area at the top of the cell. The collecting area is provided with an inclined guide plate (the inclined angle is 30 degrees), so that CO 2 bubbles can be guided to gather at the inlet of the guide pipe, meanwhile, electrolyte 313 is prevented from entering the guide pipe along with gas, a gas-liquid separator is arranged on a pipeline 11, trace seawater mist drops carried in CO 2 gas are further removed, and seawater is prevented from entering a subsequent storage module 203 to cause corrosion of the pipeline 11. The CO 2 gas after gas-liquid separation enters the CO 2 storage module 203 through a flow guide pipe, the storage module 203 is similar to a gas phase buffer cabin of a pontoon A in structure, is a pressure-resistant stainless steel container, is provided with a pressure regulating valve (controlling the pressure in the cabin to be 0.15-0.2 MPa), a check valve (preventing gas from flowing backwards) and a liquid level sensor (monitoring the accumulation amount of condensed water), and can temporarily store CO 2 gas to balance the subsequent transmission pressure. Finally, the CO 2 in the storage module 203 is transmitted to the pontoon C through the pipeline 11, and an electric valve on the pipeline 11 can adjust the CO 2 transmission amount according to the processing capacity (such as the load of the compression module) of the pontoon C, so that the whole seawater carbon capturing process is ensured to be connected with the subsequent liquefaction and sealing links efficiently, and the problems of gas backlog or insufficient supply are avoided.|[0043] Further, the carbon sequestration subsystem compresses, liquefies and sequesters CO2 conveyed by the dual-path carbon capture subsystem, and specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the sequestration buoy C serves as a terminal core module for CO 2 treatment in the whole integrated system, and plays a key role in converting low-pressure CO 2 gas transmitted by the buoy A (air carbon capture) and the buoy B (seawater carbon capture) into a deep sea sequestration state.|[0044] CO 2 gas transmitted from buoy A and buoy B firstly enters a multistage compression module 402 of buoy C through a pipeline 11, wherein the multistage compression module is the core for realizing CO 2 pressure lifting, and the performance of the multistage compression module directly determines the subsequent liquefaction efficiency and energy consumption. Considering that CO 2 can accompany obvious temperature rise and volume change in the process of compressing CO 2 from normal pressure to high pressure, the module adopts a combined scheme of a centrifugal compressor and a piston compressor in series, and the cooperative work of the two compressors can meet the double requirements of high flow and high pressure. The first stage compression adopts a centrifugal compressor, and the CO 2 gas pressure is initially raised from 0.1MPa to 2-3MPa. the centrifugal compressor has the advantages of large treatment flow (the single treatment capacity can reach 1000-2000m 3/h), stable operation and no pulse, and can adapt to the pontoon A, The flow of CO 2 transmitted by the B fluctuates, and the pressure of CO 2 is further increased to 10-15MPa by adopting a piston compressor for secondary compression, and the pressure interval can meet the requirement of the subsequent liquefaction module 401 on the pressure of CO 2 and avoid the rapid increase of equipment energy consumption caused by the overhigh pressure. In the two-stage compression process, the CO 2 gas can generate a large amount of heat due to volume compression, if the temperature is not reduced in time, the damage of equipment caused by the excessively high exhaust temperature (possibly exceeding 150 ℃) of the compressor can be caused, the density of the CO 2 can be reduced, and the subsequent liquefaction efficiency is affected. Thus, an intercooler is provided between the two stages of compressors and at the piston compressor outlet. The cooling medium is deep sea low-temperature seawater (temperature is 4-10 ℃), and forced circulation flow through the heat exchange tube by a seawater pump, so as to exchange heat with CO 2 gas in the shell side, and the temperature of CO 2 is reduced from 100-150 ℃ to 30-40 ℃ after compression. Meanwhile, the cooler also integrates a dehumidification function, trace steam carried in CO 2 gas can be condensed into liquid water in the cooling process, the condensed water is automatically discharged through a drain valve at the bottom of the cooler, the water is prevented from entering a subsequent liquefaction module 401 to form ice blockage or reacting with CO 2 to generate carbonic acid corrosion equipment, the water content of the dehumidified CO 2 gas can be reduced to below 50ppm, and the requirements of liquefaction and sealing dryness are met.|[0045] The compressed and dehumidified CO 2 gas (pressure 10-15MPa, temperature 30-40 ℃) then enters liquefaction module 401, whose core objective is to convert CO 2 from the gaseous state to the liquid or supercritical state (CO 2 critical temperature 31.1℃), the critical pressure is 7.38MPa, and when the temperature is lower than 31.1 ℃ and the pressure is higher than 7.38MPa, CO 2 can enter a supercritical state, and the high-density gas-diffusion liquid-storage device has the characteristics of gas diffusivity and liquid density and is more beneficial to deep sea sealing. The liquefaction module 401 is composed of a high-efficiency heat exchanger, The refrigerant circulation system and the phase change control unit are composed of a plate shell type structure, a heat exchange plate is made of titanium alloy, the surface of the heat exchange plate is corrugated to enlarge the heat exchange area, the refrigerant circulation system is made of R410A environment-friendly refrigerant, the refrigerant is compressed to be in a high-temperature and high-pressure state through a refrigerant compressor, the refrigerant is cooled by a condenser and then becomes liquid, the refrigerant is throttled and depressurized through an expansion valve to form a low-temperature refrigerant, the low-temperature refrigerant enters the heat exchanger, the heat absorption heat is changed into gas after heat exchange with CO 2, the gas enters the refrigerant compressor again to complete circulation, the refrigerating capacity of the whole refrigerant system is designed to be 50-100kW according to the liquefaction amount of CO 2, the temperature of CO 2 can be stably reduced to be 25-30 ℃ (lower than the critical temperature of 31.1 ℃), the temperature of the CO is monitored in real time through a temperature sensor (precision +/-0.1 ℃) and a pressure sensor (precision +/-0.01 MPa), when the temperature of CO 2 is detected to be higher than 31.1 ℃, the quantity of the refrigerant circulation system is automatically increased, when the liquid pressure is lower than 10MPa, a feedback signal is sent to the multistage compression module 402, the temperature is properly, the CO is increased, the CO is properly, the CO is cooled to be in a stable state, and the phase change rate of the CO is ensured to be in the supercritical state of the compression module, and the CO is at 3598%.|[0046] The liquefied CO 2 is led to a storage tank 403 through a pipeline 11, and the storage tank 403 is a temporary storage unit of the CO 2 before sealing, and the design focus is on guaranteeing the storage safety and the state stability of the CO 2. The storage tank 403 adopts a double-layer stainless steel structure, an interlayer between two layers of shells is injected with a high-vacuum heat insulation layer (the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10 < -3 > Pa), and superfine glass wool is filled as an auxiliary heat insulation material, and the double-heat insulation structure can control the heat leakage rate of the storage tank 403 to be below 5W/(m < 2 >. K), so that external heat is effectively prevented from being transferred into the storage tank 403, and the increase of evaporation amount and the sudden rise of pressure caused by the temperature rise of liquid CO 2 are avoided. The inside of the storage tank 403 is provided with multiple safety control components, wherein the pressure release valve is arranged in two stages, the primary valve is set to have the pressure of 16MPa, the secondary valve is set to have the pressure of 17MPa, CO 2 after pressure release is led back to the liquefaction module 401 through the safety pipeline 11 for reprocessing, carbon leakage caused by direct discharge is avoided, the temperature monitoring probe is arranged at intervals of 1m along the height direction of the storage tank 403, the temperature of CO 2 in different areas of the storage tank 403 is monitored in real time, when the local temperature exceeds 31 ℃, an alarm signal is triggered and an auxiliary cooling system (through spraying low-temperature seawater for cooling) on the outer wall of the storage tank 403 is started, the anti-sea wave disturbance pressure stabilizing device adopts an internal elastic buffer bag, and when the pontoon C shakes due to the action of wind waves, the buffer bag can absorb impact energy of CO 2, and the damage to the structure of the storage tank 403 caused by severe pressure change is avoided.|[0047] The final deep sea sequestration operation is accomplished by the high pressure pump 404 and transfer line 11 system. The high-pressure pump 404 has excellent wear resistance and high-pressure resistance, can run for a long time under the working condition of 20-30MPa of outlet pressure, has the flow adjustment range of 1-5m < 3 >/h, and can flexibly adjust the conveying amount of the liquid CO 2 according to the injection requirement of the deep sea reservoir. After flowing out of the storage tank 403, the liquid CO 2 enters the suction end of the high-pressure pump 404, is compressed by the plunger and then is raised to 25-30MPa, which overcomes the static pressure of the deep sea water and the injection resistance of the sealing layer, and is then pumped into the flexible high-pressure delivery hose 12. The hose adopts a multi-layer composite structure, the inner layer is made of polyamide (CO 2 resistant and high pressure resistant), the middle layer is a high-strength steel wire woven layer, the outer layer is a polyurethane wear-resistant layer (preventing the hose from being damaged by rocks or marine organisms in seawater), and the hose length is set according to the depth of the submarine sealing layer.|[0048] In order to ensure that the hose stably conveys CO 2 in a deep sea environment, the hose is connected to a submarine injection head through a dynamic catenary system, and the dynamic catenary system can automatically adjust the suspension length and angle of the hose according to the heave and roll motions of the pontoon C caused by wind waves, so that the hose is prevented from being damaged due to excessive stretching or bending, and meanwhile, the influence of the hose on the stability of the pontoon C is reduced. The submarine injection head is the last link of CO 2 injection sealing layer, the material of the submarine injection head is nickel-based alloy (deep sea high pressure and corrosion resistant), a one-way injection valve and a flow metering device are arranged in the submarine injection head, the injection head is fixed above a pre-exploration sealing layer (such as submarine basalt cracks or sedimentary rock stratum) through an anchoring device, the sealing layer has low permeability, high sealing performance and large storage capacity through geological exploration, and long-term sealing can be realized through physical sealing (CO 2 fills rock pores and is bound by capillary force) and chemical sealing (CO 2 reacts with elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like in the rock to generate stable carbonate minerals). In addition, the sealing pipeline is also provided with a check device and an automatic pressure relief protection, wherein the check device can prevent fluid (such as underground water and saline water) in the sealing layer from flowing backwards into the pipeline to pollute CO 2, when the pressure in the pipeline exceeds 35MPa (a set safety threshold), the automatic pressure relief device can be quickly opened to reduce the pressure to a safety range, and an alarm signal is triggered to a central control system of the pontoon C, so that the whole deep sea sealing process can meet the technical requirement of carbon sealing, and the safety of marine environment and operation equipment can be ensured.|[0049] A system flow diagram of the present invention is shown in fig. 6 to illustrate the energy transfer and mass transfer paths between the four pontoons.|[0050] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention. | Family Number|(116915888)|116915888|Abstract|(CN121062889 A)|The invention discloses a floating wind power platform self - energized carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system , which comprises a floating platform foundation , which comprises a plurality of buoy parts , and the buoy parts are integrated through connecting parts ; the double - path carbon capture subsystem comprises an air carbon capture module and a seawater carbon capture module ; the air carbon capture module introduces air into the adsorption module through negative pressure , and selectively adsorbs CO2 in the air ; the seawater carbon capturing module is used for separating out CO2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode ; the carbon sequestration subsystem is used for compressing , liquefying and sequestration the CO2 conveyed by the double - path carbon capture subsystem ; and the wind power function subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower and power distribution equipment for supplying power to each subsystem . The platform is reasonable in configuration and high in function integration degree , has the advantages of wind energy driving , autonomous operation , continuous carbon capture , on - site storage and the like , is particularly suitable for deep and far sea areas without seabed pipe networks and far away from shore - based power grids , and can be used for application scenes such as wind power plant carbon compensation and ocean carbon removal . | | Mechanical elements|Transport | B63B-035/44|B63B-2035/444|F01K-027/00|F17C-005/02|F17C-2221/033|F17C-2223/0161 | B63B-035/44|B63B-2035/444|F01K-027/00|F17C-005/02|F17C-2221/033|F17C-2223/0161 | B63B-035/44|F17C-005/02 | B63B-035/44|F17C-005/02 | CN121341361|CN121395182B | CN121341361 117458680 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN121395182B 117553076 WHO=Examiner SELF=N | PENDING | (CN121062889)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN121062889)|ALIVE | (CN121062889)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN121062889|Actual or expected expiration date=2045-09-03|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2025-09-03|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202511249932|Application date=2025-09-03|Standardized application number=2025CN-1249932|Event publication date=2025-12-05|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN121062889|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-12-05|Standardized publication number=CN121062889|Event publication date=2025-12-05|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-12-23|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN121062889)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=r6DqxGvtRKeL0tpnnhFEpVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000079986170&ekey=1941&xpn=CN121062889&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=rngRoT4L7f%252Bf%252FEqnE1z6ZpNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN121062889)|CN | (CN121062889)|NAME=CHENGXI SHIPYARD CO. LTD. , COUNTRY=CN | (CN121062889)|NAME=LI HONGJIE;WUXI YIHAI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGENCY (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP) , REG=32247 | (CN121062889)|CN | (CN121062889)|NAME=SHEN YONG, COUNTRY=CN |NAME=LIU JIAN|NAME=YAN XINGCHUN|NAME=WANG XIKUN|NAME=LIU HUAXING | Titre: (CN121062889)|Floating wind power platform self-energized carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system Résumé: (CN121062889)|The invention discloses a floating wind power platform self-energized carbon capture and deep sea sealing integrated system, which comprises a floating platform foundation, which comprises a plurality of buoy parts, and the buoy parts are integrated through connecting parts; the double-path carbon capture subsystem comprises an air carbon capture module and a seawater carbon capture module; the air carbon capture module introduces air into the adsorption module through negative pressure, and selectively adsorbs CO2 in the air; the seawater carbon capturing module is used for separating out CO2 from seawater in an electrochemical separation mode; the carbon sequestration subsystem is used for compressing, liquefying and sequestration the CO2 conveyed by the double-path carbon capture subsystem; and the wind power function subsystem comprises a wind power generation tower and power distribution equipment for supplying power to each subsystem. The platform is reasonable in configuration and high in function integration degree, has the advantages of wind energy driving, autonomous operation, continuous carbon capture, on-site storage and the like, is particularly suitable for deep and far sea areas without seabed pipe networks and far away from shore-based power grids, and can be used for application scenes such as wind power plant carbon compensation and ocean carbon removal. | 86.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on a carbon capture system integrated with a floating wind power platform, without any mention of ocean fertilization or stimulating phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 2.0 | (CN121062889)|1 | (CN121062889)|7 | (CN121062889)|8 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN121062889)|6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN121062889)|Number of Claims: NCL=8|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-12-05|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-4902|Number of Pages: NPAGES=18| | (CN121062889)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN121062889)|Patent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 91 | CN202411936324 | CN202411936324 | CN119837074 | 114273356 | CN119837074 A 2025-04-18 [CN119837074] | 2024-12-26 | 2024-12-26 | 2025-04-18 | (CN119837074)|2044-12-26 | (CN119837074)|Inclined grating trapezoid carbon sink artificial fish reef | (CN119837074)|The invention provides an inclined grating trapezoid carbon sink artificial fish reef, and belongs to the field of artificial fish reef construction.The inclined grating trapezoid carbon sink artificial fish reef comprises a trapezoid frame fish reef body, the fish reef body is composed of a top face, two upstream slopes, two side faces and a bottom face, and the two side faces of the fish reef body are each provided with four bearing columns; two rectangular hollowed-out parts are arranged on the top face of the fish reef body, top beams are arranged on the periphery of the top face of the fish reef body, a cross beam is arranged in the middle of the top face of the fish reef body, and the bottom face structure of the fish reef body is of a transparent design. Two upstream slopes of the fish reef body are hollowed out, and three grating plates are obliquely arranged on each upstream slope to form an oblique grating structure. According to the invention, better ocean upper and lower water layer water flow and material exchange and fish reef inner and outer water flow and material exchange can be provided, and meanwhile, land waste shells are recovered by adding a special structure to achieve carbon sequestration on the seabed, other carbon sequestration effects and substrate improvement effects are achieved. | ZHEJIANG OCEAN UNIVERSITY | (CN119837074)|ZHEJIANG OCEAN UNIVERSITY ([CN]) | GONG HE|YANG XIAOLONG|ZHANG XIUMEI|WANG YIHANG|LI WEIHAO|TANG WENHAI|GUO XINGYAN | (CN119837074)|GONG HE|YANG XIAOLONG|ZHANG XIUMEI|WANG YIHANG|LI WEIHAO|TANG WENHAI|GUO XINGYAN | (CN119837074)|LI DAN;BEIJING CHENGHUI LAW FIRM|Reg. Nb: 11430|ZHU WEIJUN;BEIJING CHENGHUI LAW FIRM|Reg. Nb: 11430 | (CN119837074)|The invention aims to provide an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef which can provide better water flow and substance exchange in the upper and lower water layers of the ocean and water flow and substance exchange in the inner and outer water layers of the fish reef, and simultaneously recover land waste shells through adding special structures so as to achieve carbon sequestration and other carbon sink effects on the seabed and improve the bottom.|The invention has the advantages that:|The method has the advantages that the method has a promoting effect on leisure fishery nearby the mussel culture area, and after the artificial fish reefs are put in, the number of fishes like black sea bream inhabiting in the reef environment can be obviously increased.| | (CN119837074)|1. The inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef is characterized by comprising a fish reef body (1) of a ladder-shaped frame, wherein the fish reef body (1) consists of a top surface, two water facing inclined surfaces, two side surfaces and a bottom surface, four bearing columns (7) are arranged on the two side surfaces of the fish reef body (1), two rectangular hollows are formed in the top surface of the fish reef body (1), top beams (10) are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the fish reef body (1), a cross beam (5) is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the fish reef body (1), and the bottom surface structure of the fish reef body (1) is of a hollow design; Two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body (1) are in a hollowed-out design, and three grating plates are evenly and obliquely placed on the two water facing inclined planes to form an inclined grating structure (3). | | (CN119837074)|The invention can provide better water flow and substance exchange of the upper and lower water layers of the ocean, water flow and substance exchange of the inner and outer water flows of the fish reef and substance exchange, and simultaneously recover the land waste shells through adding special structures so as to achieve the effects of carbon sequestration and other carbon sequestration and substrate improvement on the seabed.|The invention provides an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef, which belongs to the field of artificial fish reef construction and comprises a fish reef body of a ladder-shaped frame, wherein the fish reef body consists of a top surface, two water facing inclined surfaces, two side surfaces and a bottom surface, four bearing columns are arranged on the two side surfaces of the fish reef body, two rectangular hollows are arranged on the top surface of the fish reef body, top beams are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the fish reef body, a cross beam is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the fish reef body, and the bottom surface structure of the fish reef body is designed to be hollow.|The invention relates to the field of artificial fish reef construction, in particular to an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef.| | (CN119837074)|FISH REEF(100,50)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF(100,28)|CARBON SINK(100,18)|GRID INCLINATION(100,14)|LADDER SHAPED CARBON SINK(100,7)|INCLINED GRID LADDER(53,8)|PREBURIED ANCHOR HOOK(39,6)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF CONSTRUCTION(34,3)|FISH REEF CONSTRUCTION(32,2)|SUBSTANCE EXCHANGE(29,3)|FISH REEF INCLINED PLANE(24,6)|SLANT GRID LADDER(22,1)|ANCHORING HOOK(21,7)|LEISURE FISHERY(21,2)|RECTANGULAR HOLLOW(20,3)|INCLINED GRATING STRUCTURE(19,15)|SEABED(19,2)|BEARING COLUMN(18,9)|REEF ENVIRONMENT(18,1)|GROUND WASTE(17,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(16,4)|CHAIN ROPE(15,8)|GRATING PLATE(15,4)|PLACING GRID BOARD(13,1)|NYLON NET BAG(12,3)|SHELL RESIDUE(12,2)|PROMOTION(12,1)|WATER FLOW(10,5)|SHELL NET BAG WIDTH(10,3)|BLACK SEABREAM(10,1)|INCLINED PLANE(9,16)|LADDER SHAPED FRAME(9,5)|WATER LAYER(9,3)|UPPER WATER(9,2)|FISH INNER BOTTOM(8,2)|MIDDLE GRATING PLATE(8,2)|TOP BEAM(7,9)|HOLLOW DESIGN(7,2)|MUSSEL CULTURE AREA(7,2)|FISH WALL THICKNESS(7,1)|GRATING INCLINATION(6,6)|INCLINATION ANGLE(6,6)|FISH SHELTER(6,4)|SURFACE INCLINATION(6,4)|SHELL NET BAG LENGTH(6,3)|BEARING COLUMN WIDTH DIMENSION(6,2)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF CONCRETE(6,1)|FISH REEF OVERTURNING(6,1)|OUTSIDE WATER(6,1)|OYSTER(5,3)|FIBER CONCRETE STRUCTURE(5,2)|HORIZONTAL LENGTH(5,2)|SUBMARINE ORGANISM DIVERSITY(5,1)|SUBMERGED FISH REEF BLOCKING(5,1)|REEF BODY HEIGHT(4,3)|SIX BOTTOM(4,3)|BAIT LIFE FORM(4,2)|FISH PREFERENCE(4,2)|HOOKED SHRIMP(4,2)|INCLINED GRILLE(4,2)|NUTRIENT SOIL(4,2)|SUSPENDED SHELL NET BAG(4,2)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF MIDDLE(4,1)|CULTURED MUSSEL CONSUMPTION(4,1)|FOUR OUTER SHELL(4,1)|HOLE OPENING(4,1)|LEISURE FISHERY DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|MARINE PASTURE DEVELOPMENT(4,1)|MUSSEL PLUMPNESS(4,1)|OUTSIDE WATER LAYER(4,1)|PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS(4,1)|PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB(4,1)|SHELL NET BAG HANGING(4,1)|UNUTILIZED NUTRIENT(4,1)|CROSS BEAM(3,12)|BOTTOM SURFACE(3,4)|NUTRITIVE SALT(3,2)|SIX EMBEDDED ANCHOR(3,2)|BENTHONIC ENVIRONMENT CARBONATE BALANCE(3,1)|FAVORITE GATHERING ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|FISH AGGREGATION(3,1)|FISH GATHERING REEF(3,1)|FISHERY RESOURCE(3,1)|FISHING LOVER(3,1)|INCLINED PLANE WALL(3,1)|IRREPLACEABLE IMPORTANCE(3,1)|NUTRIENT SALT CHLOROPHYL CONTENT(3,1)|OCEAN ACIDIFICATION(3,1)|OCEAN HABITAT INDEX(3,1)|OUTERMOST SHELL NET BAG(3,1)|SEA GRASS(3,1)|SEABED PRODUCTIVITY(3,1)|SIX PREBURIED ANCHOR(3,1)|HOLLOWED OUT DESIGN(2,4)|TOP SURFACE(2,4)|ORGANIC PARTICULATE MATTER(2,3)|RECTANGULAR WATER SIZE(2,3)|BOTTOM SEAWATER(2,2)|FISH COLLECTING AREA(2,2)|FISH EGG(2,2)|FISH REEF STRUCTURE(2,2)|GRATING PLATE POSITION(2,2)|NATURAL FIBER RAW(2,2)|ALGAE FIXING LIFE(2,1)|ARTIFICIAL FISH REEF TOP(2,1)|BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION(2,1)|COMPREHENSIVE STABILITY(2,1)|ECONOMY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(2,1)|ECOSYSTEM STABILITY(2,1)|EMBEDDED ANCHOR HOOK(2,1)|FISH REEF BOTTOM(2,1)|FISH REEF MAIN(2,1)|FISHERY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(2,1)|FISHING GAIN(2,1)|FOUR PREBURIED ANCHOR(2,1)|GLOBAL CARBON CIRCULATION BALANCE(2,1)|INCLINED GRATING INCLINED ANGLE(2,1)|MODIFYING MARINE CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|POROUS FIBER CONCRETE(2,1)|REEF HEIGHT(2,1)|REINFORCED BAR POROUS FIBER(2,1)|SHELL NET BAG CONSTRUCTION(2,1)|SHELL NET BAG GAP(2,1)|SMALL BAIT ORGANISM SURVIVAL(2,1)|SUBMARINE ENVIRONMENT(2,1)|THROWING PRECISION(2,1)|WASTE SUSPENSION SYSTEM SHELL(2,1)|MESH SIZE(1,3)|AVOIDING OCEAN CURRENT(1,1)|FACULTY(1,1)|FISH REEF DELIVERY AREA(1,1)|FISH REEF WALL THICKNESS(1,1)|GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AGGRAVATION(1,1)|GROWTH REQUIREMENT(1,1)|HANGING CHAIN ROPE(1,1)|INCLINED GRID STRUCTURE FLUXION(1,1)|OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(1,1)|OFFSHORE FISHING GROUND(1,1)|RAFT MUSSEL CULTURE AREA(1,1)| | (CN119837074)|1. The inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef is characterized by comprising a fish reef body (1) of a ladder-shaped frame, wherein the fish reef body (1) consists of a top surface, two water facing inclined surfaces, two side surfaces and a bottom surface, four bearing columns (7) are arranged on the two side surfaces of the fish reef body (1), two rectangular hollows are formed in the top surface of the fish reef body (1), top beams (10) are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the fish reef body (1), a cross beam (5) is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the fish reef body (1), and the bottom surface structure of the fish reef body (1) is of a hollow design;| Two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body (1) are in a hollowed-out design, and three grating plates are evenly and obliquely placed on the two water facing inclined planes to form an inclined grating structure (3). |2. An inclined grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 1, wherein:| The middle of the top grating plate of the inclined grating structure (3) is provided with a rectangular water passing hole (4), two sides of the top grating plate of the inclined grating structure (3) are provided with round water passing holes (2), and the middle grating plate and the bottom grating plate of the inclined grating structure (3) are provided with three round water passing holes (2). |3. An inclined grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 2, wherein:| Six pre-buried anchor hooks (9) are uniformly arranged on the long sides of the inner top of the fish shelter main body (1), shell net bags (6) are hung on the six pre-buried anchor hooks (9), pre-buried anchor hooks (9) are arranged at four outer corners of the inner bottom of the fish shelter main body (1), the six pre-buried anchor hooks (9) on the inner top of the fish shelter main body (1) longitudinally penetrate through and hang the six shell net bags (6) through chain ropes (8), the chain ropes (8) are transversely fixedly connected with the bottoms of the six shell net bags (6), and the four outer shell net bags (6) are fixedly connected with the four pre-buried anchor hooks (9) on the inner bottom of the fish shelter main body (1) through the chain ropes (8). |4. An inclined grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 1, wherein:| The vertical length of fish shelter main part (1) bottom is 4.5m, and horizontal length is 3m, the reef body height of fish shelter main part (1) is 2.5m, the horizontal length at fish shelter main part (1) top is 3m, and vertical length is 1.1m, the wall thickness of fish shelter main part (1) is 20-30cm, and two water facing inclined planes wall thickness for placing three grid boards is 30cm. |5. An inclined grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 1, wherein:| The width dimension of the bearing column (7) is 20cm, the width dimension of the top beam (10) is 20cm, and the width dimension of the cross beam (5) is 15cm. |6. An inclined grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 1, wherein:| the inclination angle of the two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body (1) is 55 degrees. |7. An inclined grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 2, wherein:| The bottom grating plate of the inclined grating structure (3) is arranged at a position 75cm away from the bottom of the water facing inclined plane, the inclined angle of the inclined grating structure (3) is 15 degrees, and the inclined grating structure (3) is 2.4m long, 0.75m wide and 10cm thick. |8. An inclined grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 2, wherein:| the diameter of the circular water passing hole opening (2) is 20cm, and the size of the rectangular water passing hole opening (4) is 20cm multiplied by 90cm. |9. A slant grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 3, wherein:| The shell net bag (6) is thick nylon net bag, the length of the shell net bag (6) is 200cm, the width of the shell net bag is 40cm, the mesh size of the shell net bag (6) is 3-4 cm, and mussels and oyster shell recycled materials are filled in the shell net bag (6). |10. An inclined grid ladder type carbon sink artificial fish reef according to claim 1, wherein:| the fish reef body (1), the inclined grid structure (3), the cross beam (5), the bearing column (7) and the top beam (10) are all made of reinforced porous fiber concrete structures. | (CN119837074)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the field of artificial fish reef construction, in particular to an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The construction of the artificial fish reef is a key component of the development of the marine pasture and is important for improving the offshore fishing ground and the marine habitat. The artificial fish reef has positive influence on the restoration of the sea area through a flow field effect, a bait effect and an enemy-avoiding effect. The fish reef delivery area may form upflow and back vortex, making it a favorite gathering environment for many fish. In the upflow area, the bottom seawater is led to surge the upper surface layer, the exchange between the upper water layer and the lower water layer is driven, so that the oxygen-enriched surface seawater can be exchanged to the middle and lower layers, and the bottom seawater which is rich in a large amount of unutilized nutrient elements can be brought to the upper layers, thereby being beneficial to improving the primary productivity of the ocean and meeting and improving the growth requirement of organisms, for example, the primary productivity of the current raft-type mussel culture area facing the middle surface seawater of the culture area is obviously lower than the periphery of the culture area, thereby leading to the plumpness of mussels at the periphery of the culture area to be higher than the middle, but the chlorophyll content of the nutrient salts in the lower water area in the culture area to be high and not utilized.|[0003] In addition, the problems of climate warming, ocean acidification and the like are increasingly prominent along with the continuous aggravation of global climate change at present, the ocean which is the largest carbon reservoir for each country is more important, and the ocean which is the largest carbon reservoir not only slows down the aggravation of greenhouse effect, but also plays a long-term carbon fixation role, and is very important for maintaining the global carbon circulation balance and regulating the climate. Furthermore, the carbon storage capacity of the ocean is directly related to the protection of biodiversity and the sustainable development of economy, with irreplaceable importance to maintain the stability of the ecosystem and to provide ecological services.|[0004] Therefore, in the two background trends, the artificial fish reef capable of providing upflow and carbon fixation becomes a hot spot for the development of the artificial fish reef in the future.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef which can provide better water flow and substance exchange in the upper and lower water layers of the ocean and water flow and substance exchange in the inner and outer water layers of the fish reef, and simultaneously recover land waste shells through adding special structures so as to achieve carbon sequestration and other carbon sink effects on the seabed and improve the bottom.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:|[0007] the inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef is characterized by comprising a fish reef body of a ladder-shaped frame, wherein the fish reef body consists of a top surface, two water facing inclined surfaces, two side surfaces and a bottom surface, four bearing posts are arranged on the two side surfaces of the fish reef body, two rectangular hollowed-out parts are arranged on the top surface of the fish reef body, top beams are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the fish reef body, a cross beam is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the fish reef body, and the bottom surface structure of the fish reef body is of a permeable design. |[0008] The two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body are in a hollowed-out design, and three grating plates are obliquely placed on the two water facing inclined planes evenly to form an inclined grating structure.|[0009] Further, a rectangular water passing hole is formed in the middle of the top grating plate of the inclined grating structure, round water passing holes are formed in two sides of the top grating plate of the inclined grating structure, and three round water passing holes are formed in the middle grating plate and the bottom grating plate of the inclined grating structure.|[0010] Further, six pre-buried anchor hooks are uniformly arranged on the long sides of the two sides of the top inside the fish shelter main body, shell net bags are hung on the six pre-buried anchor hooks, pre-buried anchor hooks are arranged at four outer corners of the bottom inside the fish shelter main body, the six pre-buried anchor hooks at the top inside the fish shelter main body longitudinally penetrate through and hang six shell net bags through chain ropes, the chain ropes are transversely and fixedly connected with the bottoms of the six shell net bags, and the four shell net bags at the outermost part are fixedly connected with the four pre-buried anchor hooks at the bottom inside the fish shelter main body through the chain ropes.|[0011] Further, the longitudinal length of the bottom of the fish reef body is 4.5m, the transverse length is 3m, the reef body height of the fish reef body is 2.5m, the transverse length of the top of the fish reef body is 3m, the longitudinal length is 1.1m, the wall thickness of the fish reef body is 20-30cm, and the wall thickness of two water-facing inclined planes for placing three grating plates is 30cm.|[0012] Further, the width dimension of the bearing column is 20cm, the width dimension of the top beam is 20cm, and the width dimension of the cross beam is 15cm.|[0013] Further, the inclination angle of the two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body is 55 degrees.|[0014] Further, the bottom grating plate of the inclined grating structure is arranged at a position 75cm away from the bottom of the water facing inclined plane, the inclined angle of the inclined grating structure is 15 degrees, and the inclined grating structure is 2.4m long, 0.75m wide and 10cm thick.|[0015] Further, the diameter of the circular water passing hole is 20cm, and the size of the rectangular water passing hole is 20cm multiplied by 90cm.|[0016] Further, the shell net bag is thick nylon net bag, the length of the shell net bag is 200cm, the width of the shell net bag is 40cm, the mesh size of the shell net bag is 3-4 cm, and mussels and oyster shell recycled materials are filled in the shell net bag.|[0017] Further, the fish reef body, the inclined grid structure, the cross beam, the bearing column and the top beam are all made of reinforced bar porous fiber concrete structures.|[0018] The invention has the advantages that:|[0019] 1. The fish reef structure drives the lower water to circulate upwards, accelerates the exchange of nutritive salt on the surface layer and the bottom, brings plump nutritive salt and other organic particulate matters to the culture raft frame area for the consumption of the cultured mussels and phytoplankton, improves the photosynthesis of the phytoplankton, and strengthens the primary productivity of the sea area of the culture area. |[0020] 2. The shell is reused in the artificial fish reef, so that the shell is returned to the ocean again to achieve the effect of carbon sequestration, and meanwhile, the dissolution of inorganic carbon in the ocean can regulate and control the carbonate balance of the benthonic environment, relieve the acidification of water caused by the decomposition of a large amount of organic substances in the benthonic environment, and increase the ocean habitat index. In addition, the pollution of land waste is also reduced.|[0021] 3. The fish reef design of the invention is beneficial to increasing the quantity of fishery resources and promoting the sustainable development of fishery. The suspension structure of the mussel shell net bag enriches the fish reef structure of the design, simultaneously changes the surrounding flow field and the submarine environment, corresponds to the nature of the fish-gathering reef body for avoiding ocean currents and predators, and can become habitat with various fish preferences. Meanwhile, the method is also beneficial to attaching animals and plants in the camping and fixing life of algae and the like, and improves the productivity of the seabed. The gaps of the shell net bags can attract small organisms such as the hooked shrimps, the hooked shrimps and the like to be used as important bait organisms, so that fishes can be trapped, and the diversity of the submarine organisms is enriched. The hanging of the shell net bag can be used as a breeding place for many fishes. The fish eggs can be attached in the gaps of the net bags and in the gaps of the shells, so that the hatching of the fish eggs and the survival of young fish are facilitated, and the development of fishery is promoted.|[0022] 4. The method has the advantages that the method has a promoting effect on leisure fishery nearby the mussel culture area, and after the artificial fish reefs are put in, the number of fishes like black sea bream inhabiting in the reef environment can be obviously increased. The aggregation of the fishes makes the artificial reef sea area an ideal fishing place for fishing lovers, and when the reef sea area has more fishing gains, the artificial reef sea area drives the development of local leisure fishery.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;|[0024] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention; |[0025] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the interior of the inclined grid structure of the present invention; |[0026] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the shell net bag and the chain rope of the invention; |[0027] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the embedded fluke of the present invention; |[0028] In the figure, 1, a fish reef main body, 2, a water passing hole, 3, an inclined grid structure, 4, a water passing hole, 5, a cross beam, 6, a shell net bag, 7, a bearing column, 8, a chain rope, 9, an embedded anchor hook, 10 and a top beam. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0029] For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.|[0030] As shown in fig. 1-3, an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon-sink artificial fish reef comprises a fish reef body 1 of a ladder-shaped frame, wherein the fish reef body 1 consists of a top surface, two water facing inclined surfaces, two side surfaces and a bottom surface, four bearing columns 7 are arranged on the two side surfaces of the fish reef body 1, two rectangular hollows are arranged on the top surface of the fish reef body 1, top beams 10 are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the fish reef body 1, cross beams 5 are arranged in the middle of the top surface of the fish reef body 1, and the bottom surface structure of the fish reef body 1 is of a hollow design;|[0031] the two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body 1 are in a hollowed-out design, and three grating plates are obliquely placed on the two water facing inclined planes evenly to form an inclined grating structure 3. |[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rectangular water passing hole 4 is provided in the middle of the top grid plate of the inclined grid structure 3, circular water passing holes 2 are provided on two sides of the top grid plate of the inclined grid structure 3, and three circular water passing holes 2 are provided on the middle grid plate and the bottom grid plate of the inclined grid structure 3.|[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the invention, six embedded anchor hooks 9 are uniformly arranged on the long sides of the two sides of the top inside the fish shelter body 1, shell net bags 6 are hung on the six embedded anchor hooks 9, embedded anchor hooks 9 are arranged at four outer corners of the bottom inside the fish shelter body 1, the six embedded anchor hooks 9 on the top inside the fish shelter body 1 longitudinally penetrate through and hang the six shell net bags 6 through chain ropes 8, the chain ropes 8 are transversely and fixedly connected with the bottoms of the six shell net bags 6, and the four shell net bags 6 at the outermost part are fixedly connected with the four embedded anchor hooks 9 on the bottom inside the fish shelter body 1 through the chain ropes 8.|[0034] As shown in fig. 4, the shell net bag 6 suspended by the fish reef body 1 is connected by a chain rope 8 from top to tail in a penetrating manner, and the inside of the shell net bag is sequentially penetrated by a transverse chain rope 8 to be connected to the shell net bag 6.|[0035] The embedded anchor hooks 9 at the four outer corners inside the fish reef body 1 are used for connecting the shell net bags 6 and the fixed chain ropes 8.|[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal length of the bottom of the reef body 1 is 4.5m, the transverse length is 3m, the reef body 1 has a reef body height of 2.5m, the transverse length of the top of the reef body 1 is 3m, the longitudinal length is 1.1m, the wall thickness of the reef body 1 is 20-30cm, and the wall thickness of two water-facing inclined planes for placing three grating plates is 30cm.|[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width dimension of the bearing post 7 is 20cm, the width dimension of the top beam 10 is 20cm, and the width dimension of the cross beam 5 is 15cm.|[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two water-facing slopes of the reef body 1 have an inclination angle of 55 °.|[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom grating plate of the inclined grating structure 3 is arranged at a distance of 75cm from the bottom of the water-facing inclined surface, the inclined angle of the inclined grating structure 3 is 15 degrees, and the inclined grating structure 3 is 2.4m long, 0.75m wide and 10cm thick.|[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the circular water passing hole 2 is 20cm, the size of the rectangular water passing hole 4 is 20cm x 90cm, and the ratio of the openings (the ratio of the diameter of the openings to the height of the reef body 1) is set to be about 1:12.|[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shell net bag 6 is a thick nylon net bag, the length of the shell net bag 6 is 200cm, the width of the shell net bag 6 is 40cm, the mesh size of the shell net bag 6 is 3-4 cm, and mussel and oyster shell recycled materials are filled in the shell net bag 6.|[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reef body 1, the inclined grid structure 3, the cross beams 5, the support columns 7 and the top beams 10 are all made of reinforced cellular fiber concrete structures.|[0043] The porous fiber concrete is prepared by mixing 1000 parts of cement, 100-350 parts of nutrient soil, 100-500 parts of foaming agent, 10-100 parts of curing agent and 10-100 parts of natural crude fiber, and mixing the raw materials with seawater in the preparation process.|[0044] The construction process of the invention comprises the following steps:|[0045] The ladder-shaped frame without the inclined grid structure 3 is cast and molded at one time, and comprises a top beam 10, a cross beam 5 and a bearing column 7. The grid plate is a precast reinforced concrete slab, the dimensions are 200cm long, 70cm wide and 10cm thick, and the two sides of the grid plate are precast with rivets which are connected with the main body frame. |[0046] Before the concrete of the artificial fish reef main body structure is poured, embedded parts, namely anchor hooks 9, are evenly distributed at the beam bottoms at the two sides of the top of the artificial fish reef main body structure, and the structure of the anchor hooks 9 is shown in figure 5. The distance between the two anchor hooks is about 90cm, and embedded parts, namely the anchor hooks 9, are also arranged at the four outer corners in the main body frame before pouring.|[0047] As shown in fig. 4, a hanging chain rope 8 penetrating from top to bottom is arranged in the construction of the shell net bag 6, and the shell net bag 6 is connected to the chain rope 8. The top chain rope 8 is used for connecting the anchor hooks 9, the bottom is used for connecting the shell net bags 6, and the outermost shell net bags 6 are connected to the anchor hooks 9 at the inner corners and the outer corners of the main structure body.|[0048] Because the gravity center stability of the reef body structure is enhanced by the hanging shell net bag, the fluxion of the inclined grid structure is better, the water-facing inclined plane angle of the fish reef is increased, the ascending flow volume is maximum, the wake flow is longest, the comprehensive stability is good, and compared with other water-facing inclined plane angles, the ascending flow volume is larger, so that the nutrient salt exchange amount of the surface and bottom water areas is greatly enhanced.|[0049] When the fish reef is put in, the blocking of the submerged fish reef to the up-and-down circulation of water can be reduced to the greatest extent due to the inclined grid design and the trapezoid roof-free design. Avoiding the overturning of the fish reef and increasing the throwing precision.|[0050] The inclined grille is designed so that water flow can be diverted by the suspended shell net bag to flow upwards from the inclined grille to form upward flow no matter the water flow passes through the side of the reef body. Meanwhile, the current artificial fish reef is easy to cause small water flow exchange quantity in a fish collecting area, a large amount of substances such as internal organic scraps and the like are deposited and cannot circulate outwards, and the reef body is provided with holes and inclined gratings, so that a part of water can directly flow into the inside to drive internal and external water flows to exchange through the holes and the inclined gratings.|[0051] At present, the artificial fish reef can not effectively recycle marine wastes, and the suspended waste shell net bags are additionally arranged in the middle of the artificial fish reef to recycle waste shells, so that the gravity center counterweight is increased, and the overall stability is further enhanced.|[0052] At present, most artificial fish reefs are only aimed at the fish gathering effect and provide upward flow, and the suspended waste shells can be used for modifying the marine chemical environment through inorganic carbon dissolution, in addition, the fish reef structure is enriched through the suspended shell net bag, the fish gathering effect is greatly enhanced, and the attached living of attached organisms and the survival of small-sized bait organisms are more facilitated through larger gaps and rough surfaces. Due to the design of the inclined grids, enough gaps exist between the grid plates, the trafficability and preference of certain fishes are guaranteed, and the fishes tend to collect reefs more easily.|[0053] The inclined grid design can not only prevent the top organic particulate matters from falling into the fish collecting area, but also prevent the bottom organic particulate matters and nutrient salts from flowing out upwards from the inside of the fish reef, thereby being beneficial to survival of attached animals, plants and small organisms.|[0054] The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof. | (CN119837074)|TECHNICAL FIELD|Technical Field|[0001] The invention relates to the field of artificial fish reef construction, in particular to an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef.|BACKGROUND ART|[0002] The construction of the artificial fish reef is a key component of the development of the marine pasture and is important for improving the offshore fishing ground and the marine habitat. The artificial fish reef has positive influence on the restoration of the sea area through a flow field effect, a bait effect and an enemy-avoiding effect. The fish reef delivery area may form upflow and back vortex, making it a favorite gathering environment for many fish. In the upflow area, the bottom seawater is led to surge the upper surface layer, the exchange between the upper water layer and the lower water layer is driven, so that the oxygen-enriched surface seawater can be exchanged to the middle and lower layers, and the bottom seawater which is rich in a large amount of unutilized nutrient elements can be brought to the upper layers, thereby being beneficial to improving the primary productivity of the ocean and meeting and improving the growth requirement of organisms, for example, the primary productivity of the current raft-type mussel culture area facing the middle surface seawater of the culture area is obviously lower than the periphery of the culture area, thereby leading to the plumpness of mussels at the periphery of the culture area to be higher than the middle, but the chlorophyll content of the nutrient salts in the lower water area in the culture area to be high and not utilized.|[0003] In addition, the problems of climate warming, ocean acidification and the like are increasingly prominent along with the continuous aggravation of global climate change at present, the ocean which is the largest carbon reservoir for each country is more important, and the ocean which is the largest carbon reservoir not only slows down the aggravation of greenhouse effect, but also plays a long-term carbon fixation role, and is very important for maintaining the global carbon circulation balance and regulating the climate. Furthermore, the carbon storage capacity of the ocean is directly related to the protection of biodiversity and the sustainable development of economy, with irreplaceable importance to maintain the stability of the ecosystem and to provide ecological services.|[0004] Therefore, in the two background trends, the artificial fish reef capable of providing upflow and carbon fixation becomes a hot spot for the development of the artificial fish reef in the future.|DISCLOSURE|Disclosure of Invention|[0005] The invention aims to provide an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef which can provide better water flow and substance exchange in the upper and lower water layers of the ocean and water flow and substance exchange in the inner and outer water layers of the fish reef, and simultaneously recover land waste shells through adding special structures so as to achieve carbon sequestration and other carbon sink effects on the seabed and improve the bottom.|[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:|[0007] the inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon sink artificial fish reef is characterized by comprising a fish reef body of a ladder-shaped frame, wherein the fish reef body consists of a top surface, two water facing inclined surfaces, two side surfaces and a bottom surface, four bearing posts are arranged on the two side surfaces of the fish reef body, two rectangular hollowed-out parts are arranged on the top surface of the fish reef body, top beams are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the fish reef body, a cross beam is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the fish reef body, and the bottom surface structure of the fish reef body is of a permeable design. |[0008] The two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body are in a hollowed-out design, and three grating plates are obliquely placed on the two water facing inclined planes evenly to form an inclined grating structure.|[0009] Further, a rectangular water passing hole is formed in the middle of the top grating plate of the inclined grating structure, round water passing holes are formed in two sides of the top grating plate of the inclined grating structure, and three round water passing holes are formed in the middle grating plate and the bottom grating plate of the inclined grating structure.|[0010] Further, six pre-buried anchor hooks are uniformly arranged on the long sides of the two sides of the top inside the fish shelter main body, shell net bags are hung on the six pre-buried anchor hooks, pre-buried anchor hooks are arranged at four outer corners of the bottom inside the fish shelter main body, the six pre-buried anchor hooks at the top inside the fish shelter main body longitudinally penetrate through and hang six shell net bags through chain ropes, the chain ropes are transversely and fixedly connected with the bottoms of the six shell net bags, and the four shell net bags at the outermost part are fixedly connected with the four pre-buried anchor hooks at the bottom inside the fish shelter main body through the chain ropes.|[0011] Further, the longitudinal length of the bottom of the fish reef body is 4.5m, the transverse length is 3m, the reef body height of the fish reef body is 2.5m, the transverse length of the top of the fish reef body is 3m, the longitudinal length is 1.1m, the wall thickness of the fish reef body is 20-30cm, and the wall thickness of two water-facing inclined planes for placing three grating plates is 30cm.|[0012] Further, the width dimension of the bearing column is 20cm, the width dimension of the top beam is 20cm, and the width dimension of the cross beam is 15cm.|[0013] Further, the inclination angle of the two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body is 55 degrees.|[0014] Further, the bottom grating plate of the inclined grating structure is arranged at a position 75cm away from the bottom of the water facing inclined plane, the inclined angle of the inclined grating structure is 15 degrees, and the inclined grating structure is 2.4m long, 0.75m wide and 10cm thick.|[0015] Further, the diameter of the circular water passing hole is 20cm, and the size of the rectangular water passing hole is 20cm multiplied by 90cm.|[0016] Further, the shell net bag is thick nylon net bag, the length of the shell net bag is 200cm, the width of the shell net bag is 40cm, the mesh size of the shell net bag is 3-4 cm, and mussels and oyster shell recycled materials are filled in the shell net bag.|[0017] Further, the fish reef body, the inclined grid structure, the cross beam, the bearing column and the top beam are all made of reinforced bar porous fiber concrete structures.|[0018] The invention has the advantages that:|[0019] 1. The fish reef structure drives the lower water to circulate upwards, accelerates the exchange of nutritive salt on the surface layer and the bottom, brings plump nutritive salt and other organic particulate matters to the culture raft frame area for the consumption of the cultured mussels and phytoplankton, improves the photosynthesis of the phytoplankton, and strengthens the primary productivity of the sea area of the culture area. |[0020] 2. The shell is reused in the artificial fish reef, so that the shell is returned to the ocean again to achieve the effect of carbon sequestration, and meanwhile, the dissolution of inorganic carbon in the ocean can regulate and control the carbonate balance of the benthonic environment, relieve the acidification of water caused by the decomposition of a large amount of organic substances in the benthonic environment, and increase the ocean habitat index. In addition, the pollution of land waste is also reduced.|[0021] 3. The fish reef design of the invention is beneficial to increasing the quantity of fishery resources and promoting the sustainable development of fishery. The suspension structure of the mussel shell net bag enriches the fish reef structure of the design, simultaneously changes the surrounding flow field and the submarine environment, corresponds to the nature of the fish-gathering reef body for avoiding ocean currents and predators, and can become habitat with various fish preferences. Meanwhile, the method is also beneficial to attaching animals and plants in the camping and fixing life of algae and the like, and improves the productivity of the seabed. The gaps of the shell net bags can attract small organisms such as the hooked shrimps, the hooked shrimps and the like to be used as important bait organisms, so that fishes can be trapped, and the diversity of the submarine organisms is enriched. The hanging of the shell net bag can be used as a breeding place for many fishes. The fish eggs can be attached in the gaps of the net bags and in the gaps of the shells, so that the hatching of the fish eggs and the survival of young fish are facilitated, and the development of fishery is promoted.|[0022] 4. The method has the advantages that the method has a promoting effect on leisure fishery nearby the mussel culture area, and after the artificial fish reefs are put in, the number of fishes like black sea bream inhabiting in the reef environment can be obviously increased. The aggregation of the fishes makes the artificial reef sea area an ideal fishing place for fishing lovers, and when the reef sea area has more fishing gains, the artificial reef sea area drives the development of local leisure fishery.|DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION|[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;|[0024] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention; |[0025] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the interior of the inclined grid structure of the present invention; |[0026] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the shell net bag and the chain rope of the invention; |[0027] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the embedded fluke of the present invention; |[0028] In the figure, 1, a fish reef main body, 2, a water passing hole, 3, an inclined grid structure, 4, a water passing hole, 5, a cross beam, 6, a shell net bag, 7, a bearing column, 8, a chain rope, 9, an embedded anchor hook, 10 and a top beam. |INVENTION MODE|Detailed Description|[0029] For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.|[0030] As shown in fig. 1-3, an inclined grid ladder-shaped carbon-sink artificial fish reef comprises a fish reef body 1 of a ladder-shaped frame, wherein the fish reef body 1 consists of a top surface, two water facing inclined surfaces, two side surfaces and a bottom surface, four bearing columns 7 are arranged on the two side surfaces of the fish reef body 1, two rectangular hollows are arranged on the top surface of the fish reef body 1, top beams 10 are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the fish reef body 1, cross beams 5 are arranged in the middle of the top surface of the fish reef body 1, and the bottom surface structure of the fish reef body 1 is of a hollow design;|[0031] the two water facing inclined planes of the fish reef body 1 are in a hollowed-out design, and three grating plates are obliquely placed on the two water facing inclined planes evenly to form an inclined grating structure 3. |[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rectangular water passing hole 4 is provided in the middle of the top grid plate of the inclined grid structure 3, circular water passing holes 2 are provided on two sides of the top grid plate of the inclined grid structure 3, and three circular water passing holes 2 are provided on the middle grid plate and the bottom grid plate of the inclined grid structure 3.|[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the invention, six embedded anchor hooks 9 are uniformly arranged on the long sides of the two sides of the top inside the fish shelter body 1, shell net bags 6 are hung on the six embedded anchor hooks 9, embedded anchor hooks 9 are arranged at four outer corners of the bottom inside the fish shelter body 1, the six embedded anchor hooks 9 on the top inside the fish shelter body 1 longitudinally penetrate through and hang the six shell net bags 6 through chain ropes 8, the chain ropes 8 are transversely and fixedly connected with the bottoms of the six shell net bags 6, and the four shell net bags 6 at the outermost part are fixedly connected with the four embedded anchor hooks 9 on the bottom inside the fish shelter body 1 through the chain ropes 8.|[0034] As shown in fig. 4, the shell net bag 6 suspended by the fish reef body 1 is connected by a chain rope 8 from top to tail in a penetrating manner, and the inside of the shell net bag is sequentially penetrated by a transverse chain rope 8 to be connected to the shell net bag 6.|[0035] The embedded anchor hooks 9 at the four outer corners inside the fish reef body 1 are used for connecting the shell net bags 6 and the fixed chain ropes 8.|[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal length of the bottom of the reef body 1 is 4.5m, the transverse length is 3m, the reef body 1 has a reef body height of 2.5m, the transverse length of the top of the reef body 1 is 3m, the longitudinal length is 1.1m, the wall thickness of the reef body 1 is 20-30cm, and the wall thickness of two water-facing inclined planes for placing three grating plates is 30cm.|[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width dimension of the bearing post 7 is 20cm, the width dimension of the top beam 10 is 20cm, and the width dimension of the cross beam 5 is 15cm.|[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two water-facing slopes of the reef body 1 have an inclination angle of 55 °.|[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom grating plate of the inclined grating structure 3 is arranged at a distance of 75cm from the bottom of the water-facing inclined surface, the inclined angle of the inclined grating structure 3 is 15 degrees, and the inclined grating structure 3 is 2.4m long, 0.75m wide and 10cm thick.|[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the circular water passing hole 2 is 20cm, the size of the rectangular water passing hole 4 is 20cm x 90cm, and the ratio of the openings (the ratio of the diameter of the openings to the height of the reef body 1) is set to be about 1:12.|[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shell net bag 6 is a thick nylon net bag, the length of the shell net bag 6 is 200cm, the width of the shell net bag 6 is 40cm, the mesh size of the shell net bag 6 is 3-4 cm, and mussel and oyster shell recycled materials are filled in the shell net bag 6.|[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reef body 1, the inclined grid structure 3, the cross beams 5, the support columns 7 and the top beams 10 are all made of reinforced cellular fiber concrete structures.|[0043] The porous fiber concrete is prepared by mixing 1000 parts of cement, 100-350 parts of nutrient soil, 100-500 parts of foaming agent, 10-100 parts of curing agent and 10-100 parts of natural crude fiber, and mixing the raw materials with seawater in the preparation process.|[0044] The construction process of the invention comprises the following steps:|[0045] The ladder-shaped frame without the inclined grid structure 3 is cast and molded at one time, and comprises a top beam 10, a cross beam 5 and a bearing column 7. The grid plate is a precast reinforced concrete slab, the dimensions are 200cm long, 70cm wide and 10cm thick, and the two sides of the grid plate are precast with rivets which are connected with the main body frame. |[0046] Before the concrete of the artificial fish reef main body structure is poured, embedded parts, namely anchor hooks 9, are evenly distributed at the beam bottoms at the two sides of the top of the artificial fish reef main body structure, and the structure of the anchor hooks 9 is shown in figure 5. The distance between the two anchor hooks is about 90cm, and embedded parts, namely the anchor hooks 9, are also arranged at the four outer corners in the main body frame before pouring.|[0047] As shown in fig. 4, a hanging chain rope 8 penetrating from top to bottom is arranged in the construction of the shell net bag 6, and the shell net bag 6 is connected to the chain rope 8. The top chain rope 8 is used for connecting the anchor hooks 9, the bottom is used for connecting the shell net bags 6, and the outermost shell net bags 6 are connected to the anchor hooks 9 at the inner corners and the outer corners of the main structure body.|[0048] Because the gravity center stability of the reef body structure is enhanced by the hanging shell net bag, the fluxion of the inclined grid structure is better, the water-facing inclined plane angle of the fish reef is increased, the ascending flow volume is maximum, the wake flow is longest, the comprehensive stability is good, and compared with other water-facing inclined plane angles, the ascending flow volume is larger, so that the nutrient salt exchange amount of the surface and bottom water areas is greatly enhanced.|[0049] When the fish reef is put in, the blocking of the submerged fish reef to the up-and-down circulation of water can be reduced to the greatest extent due to the inclined grid design and the trapezoid roof-free design. Avoiding the overturning of the fish reef and increasing the throwing precision.|[0050] The inclined grille is designed so that water flow can be diverted by the suspended shell net bag to flow upwards from the inclined grille to form upward flow no matter the water flow passes through the side of the reef body. Meanwhile, the current artificial fish reef is easy to cause small water flow exchange quantity in a fish collecting area, a large amount of substances such as internal organic scraps and the like are deposited and cannot circulate outwards, and the reef body is provided with holes and inclined gratings, so that a part of water can directly flow into the inside to drive internal and external water flows to exchange through the holes and the inclined gratings.|[0051] At present, the artificial fish reef can not effectively recycle marine wastes, and the suspended waste shell net bags are additionally arranged in the middle of the artificial fish reef to recycle waste shells, so that the gravity center counterweight is increased, and the overall stability is further enhanced.|[0052] At present, most artificial fish reefs are only aimed at the fish gathering effect and provide upward flow, and the suspended waste shells can be used for modifying the marine chemical environment through inorganic carbon dissolution, in addition, the fish reef structure is enriched through the suspended shell net bag, the fish gathering effect is greatly enhanced, and the attached living of attached organisms and the survival of small-sized bait organisms are more facilitated through larger gaps and rough surfaces. Due to the design of the inclined grids, enough gaps exist between the grid plates, the trafficability and preference of certain fishes are guaranteed, and the fishes tend to collect reefs more easily.|[0053] The inclined grid design can not only prevent the top organic particulate matters from falling into the fish collecting area, but also prevent the bottom organic particulate matters and nutrient salts from flowing out upwards from the inside of the fish reef, thereby being beneficial to survival of attached animals, plants and small organisms.|[0054] The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof. | Family Number|(114273356)|114273356|Abstract|(CN119837074 A)|The invention provides an inclined grating trapezoid carbon sink artificial fish reef , and belongs to the field of artificial fish reef construction . The inclined grating trapezoid carbon sink artificial fish reef comprises a trapezoid frame fish reef body , the fish reef body is composed of a top face , two upstream slopes , two side faces and a bottom face , and the two side faces of the fish reef body are each provided with four bearing columns ; two rectangular hollowed - out parts are arranged on the top face of the fish reef body , top beams are arranged on the periphery of the top face of the fish reef body , a cross beam is arranged in the middle of the top face of the fish reef body , and the bottom face structure of the fish reef body is of a transparent design . Two upstream slopes of the fish reef body are hollowed out , and three grating plates are obliquely arranged on each upstream slope to form an oblique grating structure . According to the invention , better ocean upper and lower water layer water flow and material exchange and fish reef inner and outer water flow and material exchange can be provided , and meanwhile , land waste shells are recovered by adding a special structure to achieve carbon sequestration on the seabed , other carbon sequestration effects and substrate improvement effects are achieved . | | Other special machines | A01K-061/70|A01K-061/73|Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/70|A01K-061/73|Y02A-040/81 | A01K-061/70|A01K-061/73 | A01K-061/70|A01K-061/73 | PENDING | (CN119837074)|PENDING | ALIVE | (CN119837074)|ALIVE | (CN119837074)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CN119837074|Actual or expected expiration date=2044-12-26|Legal state=ALIVE|Status=PENDING|Event publication date=2024-12-26|Event code=CN/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CN CN202411936324|Application date=2024-12-26|Standardized application number=2024CN-1936324|Event publication date=2025-04-18|Event code=CN/A|Event group=Examination events|Published application|Publication country=CN|Publication number=CN119837074|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2025-04-18|Standardized publication number=CN119837074|Event publication date=2025-04-18|Event code=CN/PB01|Event group=Examination events|Publication|Event publication date=2025-05-06|Event code=CN/SE01|Event group=Examination events|Entry into substantive examination | (CN119837074)|CN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=hXP7Q1+dwoR9DCNrhs7LMVfn1HwLNiulWeUrB63Jy+sSjghI9dFY0TTavgWoJWcExkuDaxbg66Q=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=CN0000000077220643&ekey=2233&xpn=CN119837074&kind=A | https://pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn/conventionalSearch | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=gi%252BDqiN%252BN1uqhRmLtlUfxZNXe7dphUsu7KxJINoFg8I%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | CN | (CN119837074)|CN | (CN119837074)|NAME=ZHEJIANG OCEAN UNIVERSITY , COUNTRY=CN | (CN119837074)|NAME=LI DAN;BEIJING CHENGHUI LAW FIRM , REG=11430NAME=ZHU WEIJUN;BEIJING CHENGHUI LAW FIRM , REG=11430 | (CN119837074)|NAME=GONG HE|NAME=YANG XIAOLONG|NAME=ZHANG XIUMEI|NAME=WANG YIHANG|NAME=LI WEIHAO|NAME=TANG WENHAI|NAME=GUO XINGYAN | Titre: (CN119837074)|Inclined grating trapezoid carbon sink artificial fish reef Résumé: (CN119837074)|The invention provides an inclined grating trapezoid carbon sink artificial fish reef, and belongs to the field of artificial fish reef construction.The inclined grating trapezoid carbon sink artificial fish reef comprises a trapezoid frame fish reef body, the fish reef body is composed of a top face, two upstream slopes, two side faces and a bottom face, and the two side faces of the fish reef body are each provided with four bearing columns; two rectangular hollowed-out parts are arranged on the top face of the fish reef body, top beams are arranged on the periphery of the top face of the fish reef body, a cross beam is arranged in the middle of the top face of the fish reef body, and the bottom face structure of the fish reef body is of a transparent design. Two upstream slopes of the fish reef body are hollowed out, and three grating plates are obliquely arranged on each upstream slope to form an oblique grating structure. According to the invention, better ocean upper and lower water layer water flow and material exchange and fish reef inner and outer water flow and material exchange can be provided, and meanwhile, land waste shells are recovered by adding a special structure to achieve carbon sequestration on the seabed, other carbon sequestration effects and substrate improvement effects are achieved. | 85.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on artificial fish reefs and carbon sequestration through structural design, without addressing ocean fertilization or phytoplankton growth. | 0.0 | 0.0 | (CN119837074)|1 | (CN119837074)|9 | (CN119837074)|10 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | (CN119837074)|5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (CN119837074)|Number of Claims: NCL=10|Gazette date: GAZDATE=2025-04-18|Gazette number: GAZNUM=41-1602|Number of Pages: NPAGES=10| | (CN119837074)|CHINESE (CHI) | (CN119837074)|Patent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 92 | WOCN2018/110488|WOCN2018/092544 | WOCN2018/110488|IN202117002272|EP18924949|US17/255,066|JP2020572518|SG11202013037X|AU2018430238|CA3104187|WOCN2018/092544 | EP3812033|US20210372615|JP2021529080|EP3812033|IN202117002272|SG11202013037X|AU2018430238|CA3104187|WO2020/000121|WO2020/000787 | 87172137 | WO2020/000787 A1 2020-01-02 [WO202000787]|IN202117002272 A 2021-03-26 [IN202117002272]|EP3812033 A4 2022-03-23 [EP3812033]|EP3812033 A1 2021-04-28 [EP3812033]|US20210372615 A1 2021-12-02 [US20210372615]|JP2021529080 A 2021-10-28 [JP2021529080]|SG11202013037X A 2021-02-25 [SG11202013037X]|AU2018430238 A1 2021-02-11 [AU2018430238]|CA3104187 A1 2020-01-02 [CA3104187]|WO2020/000121 A1 2020-01-02 [WO202000121] | 2018-06-25|2018-10-16 | 2018-10-16|2021-01-18|2018-10-16|2018-10-16|2018-10-16|2018-10-16|2018-10-16|2018-10-16|2018-06-25 | 2022-03-23|2021-12-02|2021-10-28|2021-04-28|2021-03-26|2021-02-25|2021-02-11|2020-01-02|2020-01-02|2020-01-02 | (EP3812033)|2023-05-03|(US20210372615)|2038-10-16|(WO2020/000787)|2021-12-25|(WO2020/000121)|2021-12-25|(JP2021529080)|2023-08-08|(IN202117002272)|2038-10-16|(SG11202013037X)|2024-05-31|(AU2018430238)|2023-05-11|(CA3104187)|2024-04-17 | (EP3812033)|Method and device for generating low-carbon-emission energy from fossils | (EP3812033)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation. The present invention is applicable for utilizing fossil, biomass and other carbon-containing fuels in coastal and marine areas to produce clean energy with low carbon emissions to atmosphere and low cost. The process comprises the main steps of carrying out the oxygen enriched combustion and using seawater to scrub the flue gas once to realize carbon capture, and the scrubbing water is recovered to a water quality in accordance with legal requirements and then is discharged into the ocean to realize carbon storage of ocean natural alkalinity, so that the resources of carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean are used to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a safe and environment-friendly form. | PENG SIGAN ([CN])|Peng Sigan|PENG SIGAN ([CN])|PENG SIGAN ([CN])|PENG SIGAN|PENG SIGAN ([CN])|PENG SIGAN ([CN])|PENG, SIGAN ([CN])|PENG SIGAN ([CN]) | (EP3812033)|Peng, Sigan ([CN])|(EP3812033)|Peng, Sigan ([CN])|(US20210372615)|PENG Sigan ([CN])|(WO2020/000787)|PENG, Sigan|(WO2020/000121)|PENG, Sigan|(JP2021529080)|PENG SIGAN|(IN202117002272)|Peng Sigan|(SG11202013037X)|PENG, Sigan|(AU2018430238)|Peng Sigan|(CA3104187)|PENG, SIGAN ([CN]) | PENG SIGAN | (EP3812033)|Peng, Sigan|(EP3812033)|Peng, Sigan | (EP3812033)|Winter, Brandl - Partnerschaft mbB ([DE])|Reg. Nb: 100059963|(JP2021529080)|UENO, Hideki|Reg. Nb: 100158920|(AU2018430238)|Griffith Hack ([AU])|(CA3104187)|OYEN WIGGS GREEN & MUTALA LLP ([CA]) | (WO2020/000121)|This embodiment uses biomass fuel as a carbon-containing fuel for low-carbon emissions energy production as well as conventional fossil fuels, while low-carbon emissions combustion of biomass fuel is of particular interest for climate mitigation.|On the other hand, in order to carry out oil recovery and geological carbon sequestration in recent years (including seabed geological and subgeological carbon sequestration, and seabed carbon dioxide lake sequestration), prior art technologies have developed oxygen-rich combustion power generation technologies for high concentrations of carbon dioxide, which are significantly less costly than amine washing.| | (EP3812033)|1. A process for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, comprising steps of: 1) oxygen enriched combustion including: increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion for producing heat energy; 2) carbon capture of seawater scrubbing including: scrubbing the flue gas generated in the course of oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) with seawater so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, and generating clean decarburized flue gas and acid scrubbing water containing carbon dioxide of the flue gas; 3) water quality restoration including: diluting the acid scrubbing water generated in step 2) with new seawater, so that a pH value of the acid scrubbing water is recovered to a legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and scrubbing seawater discharges are generated; 4) ocean carbon storage including: injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges generated in step 3) into the ocean to realize ocean carbon storage which is long-term, safe and environment-friendly on marine ecology; 5) low carbon emission to atmosphere including: discharging the decarburized flue gas generated in step 2) into atmosphere; and 6) energy outputting including: converting the heat energy generated in the oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) into applied energy and outputting the applied energy.| | (EP3812033)|The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, comprising steps of: 1) oxygen enriched combustion including: increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion for producing heat energy; 2) carbon capture of seawater scrubbing including: scrubbing the flue gas generated in the course of oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) with seawater so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, and generating clean decarburized flue gas and acid scrubbing water containing carbon dioxide of the flue gas; 3) water quality restoration including: diluting the acid scrubbing water generated in step 2) with new seawater, so that a pH value of the acid scrubbing water is recovered to a legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and scrubbing seawater discharges are generated; 4) ocean carbon storage including: injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges generated in step 3) into the ocean to realize ocean carbon storage which is long-term, safe and environment-friendly on marine ecology; 5)low carbon emission to atmosphere including: discharging the decarburized flue gas generated in step 2) into atmosphere; and 6) energy outputting including: converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) into applied energy and outputting the applied energy.|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation.|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which is applicable for producing energy by utilizing fossil and biomass fuels in the way of low carbon emissions to atmosphere, and is suitable for coastal and marine areas.| | (US20210372615)|LOW CARBON EMISSION(100,30)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION(100,29)|FOSSIL ENERGY(100,15)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER DISCHARGE(88,5)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(74,14)|OCEAN NATURAL ALKALINITY(62,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(58,12)|SEAWATER(57,28)|DECARBURIZED FLUE GAS(53,6)|SEA(48,23)|CARBON CAPTURER SEAWATER OUTLET(48,2)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(46,10)|INTAKE PASSAGEWAY(45,7)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(43,10)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION COURSE(40,4)|COASTAL AREA(40,2)|ACID SCRUBBING WATER(39,6)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(36,3)|FLUE GAS(34,65)|RECYCLING NITROGEN(34,9)|ACID SCRUBBING(34,3)|DISCHARGING NITROGEN(33,7)|SHIP NAVIGATION(33,6)|CLIMATE MITIGATION(32,3)|AMMONIA SYNTHESIS(31,2)|BURNER(29,15)|EXHAUST FUNNEL(29,4)|MARINE ECOLOGY(29,3)|SEA AREA(29,2)|FOSSIL FUEL(28,22)|CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED AIR(27,7)|FOSSIL(27,4)|WATER QUALITY RESTORATION(26,15)|CARBON SINK RESOURCE(26,2)|GAS SUPERCHARGER(26,2)|THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR(23,7)|CARBON CAPTURE(22,21)|SAFE(21,6)|CARBON POOL(21,4)|FUEL SUPPLY(21,4)|LEGAL VALUE(21,4)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING CARBON CAPTURER(21,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE(20,42)|ENERGY APPLICATION(19,15)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(18,2)|OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR(17,7)|NITROGEN FERTILIZER PRODUCTION(17,2)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(16,14)|BIOMASS FUEL(16,9)|CLEAN ENERGY(16,4)|PH VALUE(16,4)|SCRUBBER(16,4)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(15,7)|ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY(15,3)|ENERGY MEDIUM(14,3)|GREENHOUSE GAS(13,2)|SUPERCRITICAL COAL FIRED BOILER(13,1)|HEAT ENERGY(12,13)|INCREASED OXYGEN(12,5)|OXYGEN PRODUCING(12,4)|FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANT(11,3)|BOILER PASSAGEWAY(11,2)|KINETIC ENERGY(10,5)|OXYGEN GENERATOR(10,5)|PHASE REMODELING(10,4)|HEAT ENERGY PRODUCTION(10,3)|WATER QUALITY RESTORATION LOCATION(10,3)|GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(10,1)|DRAINAGE FACILITY(9,1)|MARPOL CONVENTION(9,1)|NEGATIVE EMISSION CLIMATE MITIGATION(9,1)|SHIP CARBON CAPTURER(9,1)|PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION(8,7)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(8,4)|GAS COMPRESSOR(8,3)|BOILER BURNING CARBON(8,1)|CLIMATE SCIENCE LITERATURE(8,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(8,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGY CARBON STORAGE(8,1)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(7,3)|PROPELLER(7,3)|ACID SEAWATER(7,2)|HEAT BOILER(7,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(6,3)|ELECTRIC ENERGY(6,3)|SEAL GAS(6,3)|HOT STEAM(6,2)|CENTURY HALF(6,1)|COOLING FACILITY(6,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT(6,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY UTILIZATION(6,1)|INSTALLED CARBON CAPTURER(6,1)|NATURAL ALKALINITY(6,1)|NATURAL ATMOSPHERE COMBUSTION(6,1)|OCEAN ACCOUNT(6,1)|PACKED TOWER(6,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(6,1)|SHIP DIESEL ENGINE(6,1)|SO2 EMISSION(6,1)|STATUTORY PROVISION(6,1)|SUB GEOLOGY(6,1)|TAIL GAS PASSAGEWAY(6,1)|INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY(5,3)|ANNUAL(5,2)|BOILER AIR(5,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(5,2)|OXYGEN SUPPLY(5,2)|POWER PLANT CO2 EMISSION(5,2)|TECHNICAL COST BARRIER(5,2)|AMINE ADDITIVE(5,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON EMISSION(5,1)|BICARBONATE ION(5,1)|CARBON LAKE(5,1)|GAS TURBOCHARGER(5,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON STORAGE(5,1)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(5,1)|NITROGEN RESOURCE(5,1)|NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER PRODUCTION(5,1)|OCEAN CARBON CAPTURE(5,1)|PRODUCING SYNTHETIC AMMONIA(5,1)||(WO2020/000787)|LOW CARBON EMISSION(100,22)|FOSSIL ENERGY SOURCE(100,6)|FOSSIL(100,4)|ECOENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MARINE(100,2)|LOW CARBON EMISSION ENERGY(100,2)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION(91,9)|SEAWATER(62,30)|SEAWATER WASHING CARBON TRAPPING(61,2)|CARBON TRAP(58,15)|OCEANIC NATURAL ALKALINITY(58,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(55,4)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION(51,16)|CARBONACEOUS FUEL(50,2)|SEAWATER WASHING(48,2)|WASHED SEAWATER(47,3)|OXYGENIZER(46,21)|DECARBURIZED FLUE GAS(46,6)|INTRODUCTION PASSAGE(45,5)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(45,2)|SEAWATER OUTLET(44,9)|SEAWATER WASHING FLUE GAS(43,2)|EXHAUST PASSAGE(42,11)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(40,2)|FLUE GAS INTRODUCTION(39,4)|EXHAUST CYLINDER(39,3)|SUPERCHARGING INTAKE(36,2)|COASTAL AREA(35,1)|BURNER(34,6)|FLUE GAS(32,50)|OCEANIC NATURAL CARBON SINK(31,1)|RECOVERING NITROGEN(30,7)|LEGALLY PRESCRIBED VALUE(30,4)|ACIDIC WASH WATER(30,2)|INTRODUCTION CHANNEL(30,2)|FUEL FEEDER(30,1)|STEP DISCHARGED SEAWATER(29,2)|OCEAN AREA(29,1)|INTAKE COMPRESSOR(28,3)|WASH WATER INTRODUCTION(28,3)|CAPTURING CARBON(28,1)|FOSSIL FUEL(27,23)|OXYGEN RICH COMBUSTION(27,10)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(26,12)|CRYOGENIC AIR LIQUEFACTION SEPARATION(26,3)|RECOVERING WATER QUALITY(25,14)|FOSSIL ENERGY GENERATION(25,7)|ATMOSPHERIC CONDUIT(25,2)|BIOMASS(25,2)|BYPRODUCT NITROGEN(25,2)|ECO FRIENDLY(25,1)|DISSOLVE CARBON DIOXIDE(23,3)|POWER MARINE VESSEL(22,2)|MARINE WATER(21,14)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(21,9)|SEA(21,9)|SEAWATER FLUE GAS SCRUBBER(20,3)|MARINE WATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(20,2)|PRODUCING THERMAL ENERGY(20,2)|CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION(20,1)|OXYGEN PRODUCTION(19,7)|CLEAN ENERGY(19,3)|INTAKE PASSAGE(19,3)|MARINE(18,3)|COMBUSTION(17,4)|STEP OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION(17,4)|ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION(16,5)|OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR(16,5)|CARBON DIOXIDE(15,42)|COMBUSTION AMBIENT AIR(15,13)|ENERGY MEDIA(15,3)|BIOMASS CARBONACEOUS FUEL(15,2)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING CARBON TRAPPING(15,2)|SIMULTANEOUSLY RECOVERING PRODUCING OXYGEN(15,2)|ECOENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MITIGATION(15,1)|SUPERCRITICAL COAL FIRED BOILER(15,1)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(14,15)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(14,5)|ENERGY OUTPUT(14,3)|OUTLET PASSAGE(14,3)|STEP SEAWATER(14,3)|FLUE GAS OUTLET(14,2)|ELECTRICAL ENERGY(14,1)|SEABED GEOLOGICAL DRAINAGE(14,1)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE GENERATOR(13,5)|ACID WASH WATER(12,3)|ENERGY GENERATION(11,8)|ENERGY CONVERSION OUTPUT(11,6)|PSA PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION(11,4)|ACID WASH(11,3)|SEALED GAS STORAGE DELIVERY(11,2)|DIESEL INTAKE TURBOCHARGER(11,1)|HEAT BOILER(10,5)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(10,3)|ACIDIC SEAWATER(10,2)|LONG TERM SAFE(10,2)|OUTPUT COMBINATION(10,2)|COMBUSTOR(9,7)|KINETIC ENERGY(9,4)|APPLIED ENERGY OUTPUT(8,6)|CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED AIR(8,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(8,2)|CLIMATE MITIGATION SIGNIFICANCE(8,1)|CRYOGENIC AIR LIQUEFACTION SEPARATOR(8,1)|DRAINAGE FACILITY(8,1)|EXPANDED SEAWATER EXTRACTION PUMP(8,1)|FOSSIL COMBUSTION(8,1)|LAKE SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|MARINE NATURAL ALKALINITY(8,1)|MARPOL CONVENTION(8,1)|PROGRAM OBJECTIVE(8,1)|SCRUBBER FOOTPRINT(8,1)|SEAWATER EXPORT(8,1)|SHIP SEAWATER(8,1)|AMBIENT AIR(7,4)|CONVEYING FUEL(7,2)|ANNUAL TRAPPING(7,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON EMISSION CENT(7,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PIPELINE(7,1)|BOILER INTAKE PORT(7,1)|BURN FOSSIL(7,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|CARBON TRAP SEAWATER OUTLET(7,1)|CARBONACEOUS MINERAL RESOURCE(7,1)|CLIMATIC SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE(7,1)|DECARBURIZED SMOKE EXTRACTION CHANNEL(7,1)|INTAKE PRESSURIZING(7,1)|OCEAN CARBON SINK RESOURCE(7,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(7,1)|SEAWATER CARBON COLLECTION(7,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT(7,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING CARBON CAPTURE(7,1)|SUBGEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(7,1)|WASH SEAWATER(7,1)|WASHED SEAWATER DISCHARGE(7,1)|BIOMASS FUEL(6,7)|LOW CARBON ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION(6,5)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(6,3)|PROPELLER(6,3)|WATER FLOW(6,3)|BOILER FEED(6,2)|COMBUSTION ENVIRONMENT(6,2)|ATMOSPHERIC CARBON EMISSION(5,2)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(5,2)|INLET PASSAGE(5,2)|PURIFICATION(5,2)|TECHNICAL COST BARRIER(5,2)|ANNUAL CAPTURE(5,1)|ASSISTING COMBUSTION(5,1)|BICARBONATE ION(5,1)|BOILER GENERATOR(5,1)|CENTURY HALF(5,1)|CO2 EMISSION(5,1)|COOLED SEAWATER(5,1)|COOLING INDUSTRIAL FACILITY(5,1)|LOW COST CLEAN ENERGY(5,1)|NITROGEN RECOVERY UTILIZATION(5,1)|OCEAN ACCOUNT(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|SEAWATER DRAIN(5,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP STATION(5,1)|SYNTHETIC AMMONIA PRODUCTION PLANT(5,1)|INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY(4,3)|ACID SCRUBBING(4,1)|AUXILIARY MACHINE(4,1)|ELUTION COLUMN(4,1)|FUEL COMBUSTION(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(4,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS FAST EMISSION(4,1)|INCREASED BOILER COMBUSTION(4,1)|INTAKE COMPRESSED OXYGEN PLANT(4,1)|MARINE NATURAL CARBON SINK(4,1)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(4,1)|NEGATIVE EMISSION(4,1)||(WO2020/000121)|LOW CARBON EMISSION(100,31)|FOSSIL FUEL(100,29)|FOSSIL ENERGY SOURCE(100,6)|PRODUCING LOW CARBON EMISSION(100,3)|ECOENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MARINE(100,2)|OXYGEN COMBUSTION(76,7)|LAKE SEQUESTRATION(65,1)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(60,12)|FUEL DELIVERY(60,2)|BOILER BURNING FOSSIL(60,1)|RESOURCE ECO FRIENDLY UTILIZATION(58,1)|EXHAUST PASSAGE(54,11)|WASHED SEAWATER(54,2)|CLEAN DECARBURIZATION(53,2)|COASTAL REGION(53,1)|ACIDIC WASH(52,5)|CARBONACEOUS FUEL(50,2)|SUBGEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(50,1)|SEAWATER(49,24)|OXYGENIZER(47,14)|COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERE(47,12)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION(47,1)|SEAWATER EXTRACTION(46,7)|CARBON TRAP(45,10)|CLEAN DECARBURIZATION FLUE GAS(45,2)|SEAWATER OUTLET(44,5)|WASHING SEAWATER QUALITY(44,1)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(43,3)|BURNER(42,12)|OCEAN REGION(40,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(38,11)|AMINE WASHING(37,1)|SUPPLY PASSAGE(36,4)|BIOMASS FOSSIL FUEL(35,1)|INTAKE PASSAGE(34,4)|FOSSIL ENERGY GENERATION(33,14)|BIOMASS FUEL(33,6)|STEP OXYGENIZED COMBUSTION(33,2)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(32,11)|SEABED CARBON DIOXIDE(32,1)|DECARBURIZATION(31,3)|RECOVERING NITROGEN(30,8)|DECARBURIZED FLUE GAS(30,4)|LEGALLY PRESCRIBED VALUE(30,4)|STEP DISCHARGED SEAWATER(29,2)|NATURAL MARINE CARBON SINK(29,1)|COMBUSTOR(28,7)|ACIDIC SEAWATER(28,4)|CAPTURING CARBON(28,1)|ACIDIC WASH WATER(27,4)|INTRODUCTION PASSAGE(27,3)|FLUE GAS(26,43)|CRYOGENIC AIR LIQUEFACTION SEPARATION(26,3)|MARINE CARBON SEQUESTRATION(26,3)|BOILER GENERATOR(25,3)|ATMOSPHERIC CONDUIT(25,2)|BYPRODUCT NITROGEN(25,2)|OXYGEN RICH COMBUSTION(24,3)|DECARBURIZATION RATE(24,2)|SEABED(24,1)|SEA(23,6)|CONVEYING FUEL(23,3)|CLIMATE MITIGATION(22,3)|POWER MARINE VESSEL(22,2)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(20,7)|HEAT BOILER(20,5)|EXHAUST CYLINDER(20,3)|SEAWATER FLUE GAS SCRUBBER(20,3)|PRODUCING THERMAL ENERGY(20,2)|CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION(20,1)|CARBON DIOXIDE(19,31)|RECOVERING WATER QUALITY(19,10)|OXYGEN PRODUCTION(19,7)|COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERE GAS(19,3)|MARINE(18,3)|MARINE WATER CARBON SEQUESTRATION(18,3)|OUTLET PASSAGE(18,1)|MARINE WATER(17,14)|CARBON CAPTURE(17,7)|COMBUSTION(17,4)|FLUE GAS OUTLET(17,1)|OXYGEN ENHANCED COMBUSTION(16,4)|ENERGY MEDIA(16,2)|LAW(16,2)|ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION(15,6)|BIOMASS CARBONACEOUS FUEL(15,2)|SIMULTANEOUSLY RECOVERING PRODUCING OXYGEN(15,2)|STEP SEAWATER(15,2)|OIL RECOVERY(15,1)|SUPERCRITICAL COAL FIRED BOILER(15,1)|ENERGY GENERATION(14,14)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(14,12)|ENERGY CONVERSION OUTPUT(14,7)|CLEAN ENERGY(14,4)|ENERGY OUTPUT(14,3)|FLUE GAS INTRODUCTION(14,3)|WASH WATER INTRODUCTION(14,3)|ELECTRICAL ENERGY(14,1)|LOW CARBON EMISSION COMBUSTION(14,1)|PETROLEUM(13,2)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING CARBON TRAP(13,2)|LONG TERM SAFE(12,5)|COMBUSTIBLE ICE(11,4)|PSA PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION(11,4)|FOSSIL COMBUSTION(11,2)|SEALED GAS STORAGE DELIVERY(11,2)|AIR NATURAL OXYGEN RATIO(11,1)|ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION CENT(11,1)|ECOENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY UTILIZATION(11,1)|OUTPUT COMBINATION(10,2)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(10,1)|KINETIC ENERGY(9,4)|MARINE SCRUBBING CARBON TRAP(9,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER(9,1)|APPLIED ENERGY OUTPUT(8,6)|COMBUSTION ENVIRONMENT(8,3)|CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED AIR(8,2)|CRYOGENIC AIR LIQUEFACTION SEPARATOR(8,1)|DRAINAGE FACILITY(8,1)|EXPANDED SEAWATER EXTRACTION PUMP(8,1)|MARINE OXYGENIZER(8,1)|MARPOL CONVENTION(8,1)|SEAWATER EXHAUSTION CHANNEL(8,1)|STANDARDIZED CCS(8,1)|ANNUAL TRAPPING(7,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PIPELINE(7,1)|BOILER INTAKE PORT(7,1)|DECARBURIZED SMOKE EXTRACTION CHANNEL(7,1)|EARTH OCEAN(7,1)|OXYGEN AUGMENTATION(7,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(7,1)|WASH SEAWATER(7,1)|LOW CARBON ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION(6,6)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(6,3)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION MODE(6,3)|WATER FLOW(6,3)|AIR ASSISTED COMBUSTION OXYGEN(6,2)|BOILER FEED(6,2)|CARBON TRAPPING(6,2)|EXTRACTION PASSAGE(6,2)|AIR SUPPLY PASSAGE(5,5)|NATURAL GAS(5,5)|INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(5,4)|CARBON DIOXIDE TON(5,2)|FLUE GAS EXTRACTION(5,2)|AIR ASSISTED COMBUSTION COAL(5,1)|ANNUAL CAPTURE(5,1)|CENTURY HALF(5,1)|CO2 EMISSION(5,1)|COOLED SEAWATER(5,1)|EXHAUSTION COLUMN(5,1)|GENERATING BOILER(5,1)|OCEAN ACCOUNT(5,1)|OXYGEN COMBUSTION ENHANCEMENT(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|SEAWATER INTAKE PUMP STATION(5,1)|SYNTHETIC AMMONIA PRODUCTION PLANT(5,1)|AUXILIARY ENGINE(4,1)|FUEL COMBUSTION(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(4,1)|INCREASED BOILER COMBUSTION(4,1)|MARINE NATURAL CARBON SINK(4,1)|NATURAL SEA(4,1)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(4,1)|NITROGEN EXHAUST PASSAGE(4,1)|NITROGEN FERTILIZER PRODUCTION PLANT(4,1)|NITROGEN RESOURCE(4,1)|OXYGEN EXTRACTION(4,1)||(JP2021529080)|CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION(100,25)|FOSSIL ENERGY(100,14)|WASHING SEAWATER EFFLUENT(100,1)|SEAWATER EFFLUENT(98,5)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MARINE(86,3)|ACIDIC WASH(83,6)|SMOKE EXHAUST(81,6)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION(79,29)|SMOKE EVACUATION(71,4)|SEAWATER(68,47)|UTILIZATION ENERGY(64,14)|EXHAUST SMOKE(62,2)|RECOVERING CARBON(60,37)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(54,10)|SEA(52,22)|PUMPING SEAWATER(49,3)|CRYOGENIC LIQUEFACTION(49,1)|CLEANING SEAWATER EFFLUENT(48,2)|ACIDIC WASH WATER(47,3)|MARINE ECOSYSTEM(44,3)|CLIMATE MITIGATION(43,1)|FOSSIL FUEL POWERED SHIP(43,1)|MARINE CARBON STORAGE(42,4)|SMOKE EXHAUST CARBON DIOXIDE(40,2)|CHOKING FERTILIZER(39,3)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE PIPE(39,1)|REDUCED CARBON EVACUATION(38,2)|LEGAL VALUE(37,4)|STEP OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION(37,4)|NATURAL MARINE CARBON ABSORPTION(35,1)|AMMONIA SYNTHESIZER(32,2)|PURIFIED CARBON(32,1)|SMOKE CARBON DIOXIDE(32,1)|RECYCLING NITROGEN(31,8)|FOSSIL FUEL(30,20)|EXHAUST CHIMNEY(30,4)|EXHAUST(29,3)|COAST(29,2)|FOSSIL(27,3)|CLEAN CARBON(27,2)|GAS TURBOCHARGER OXYGEN(27,2)|SMOKE DISCHARGE(27,2)|CARBON RETRIEVER(26,2)|BURNER(25,13)|CARBON DIOXIDE(24,43)|COMBUSTION(24,9)|NATURAL ALKALINE CARBON STORAGE(22,1)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(21,14)|SEPARATING CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED AIR(21,2)|THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR(20,7)|INTAKE PASSAGE(20,5)|HYDROGEN ENERGY INDUSTRY(20,1)|CARBON STORAGE(19,8)|NITROGEN DISCHARGE(19,4)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATOR(19,4)|SAFE(18,6)|LARGE SCALE CCS REQUIREMENT(18,1)|ENERGY MEDIA(17,2)|GAS SEAL(17,2)|INTAKE PATH(17,2)|CARBON REMOVED EXHAUST(17,1)|GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION(17,1)|FLUE GAS(16,20)|OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR(16,7)|CONVERTING THERMAL ENERGY(16,3)|STEP FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(16,2)|OXYGEN INCREASING(15,4)|BIOMASS FUEL(14,9)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(14,7)|OXYGEN ENRICHMENT(14,4)|LONG TERM SAFE(14,1)|NITROGEN OUTLET CHANNEL(14,1)|CARBON REMOVED SMOKE EVACUATION(13,2)|CLEAN ENERGY PRODUCTION(13,1)|LARGE SCALE CCS(13,1)|HYDROGEN ENERGY(12,1)|ELECTRICAL ENERGY(11,5)|CLEAN ENERGY(11,3)|FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANT(11,2)|SEA AREA(11,2)|INCREASED OXYGEN(10,5)|ACIDIC SEAWATER(10,2)|PETROLEUM SUBSTITUTION(10,2)|PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION(9,9)|KINETIC ENERGY(9,5)|RECOVERING WATER QUALITY(9,3)|MARINE CARBON RECOVERY(9,2)|NEGATIVE EMISSION CLIMATIC RELIEF(9,1)|OXYGEN PRODUCTION(9,1)|SUBSEA GEOGRAPHY(9,1)|SUPERCRITICAL COAL FUEL BOILER(9,1)|DRAINAGE FACILITY(8,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY EXPLOITATION(8,1)|MARPOL APPENDIX(8,1)|MEPC REGULATION(8,1)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION CCS(8,1)|STEP WATER RECOVERY LOCATION(8,1)|GAS COMPRESSOR(7,3)|OXYGEN EVOLUTION(7,2)|CARBON RECOVERY SEAWATER OUTLET(7,1)|CLIMATE RELIEF(7,1)|COMBUSTION FLUE(7,1)|ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY FORMAT(7,1)|LATE CENTURY(7,1)|MARINE VESSEL FLUE(7,1)|NATURAL ALKALINE MARINE(7,1)|PRODUCING CHOKING FERTILIZER(7,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(7,1)|UNDERGROUND ISOLATION(7,1)|WASHING SEAWATER(7,1)|FUEL SUPPLY(6,3)|PROPELLER(6,3)|BOILER PASSAGE(6,2)|DISCHARGING CARBON(6,2)|HEAT BOILER(6,2)|CLIMATE SCIENCE LITERATURE(6,1)|COMBUSTION EXHAUST(6,1)|COOL FACILITY(6,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT(6,1)|FLUE CLEANING(6,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY UTILIZATION(6,1)|NATURAL ATMOSPHERIC COMBUSTION(6,1)|NITROGEN RECYCLING(6,1)|OCEAN ACCOUNT(6,1)|RECOVERING PETROLEUM(6,1)|SO2 EMISSION(6,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(5,3)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(5,3)|CARBON POOL(5,2)|EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL FEATURE(5,2)|GAS TREATMENT(5,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(5,2)|POWER PLANT CO2 EMISSION(5,2)|TECHNICAL COST BARRIER(5,2)|INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY(4,3)|AMINE ADDITIVE(4,1)|BICARBONATE ION(4,1)|FUEL FEEDER(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON STORAGE(4,1)|INSTALLED CARBON RECOVERY(4,1)|MAGNITUDE BALANCE(4,1)|MITIGATION(4,1)|NATURAL ATMOSPHERE(4,1)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(4,1)|NITROGEN RESOURCE(4,1)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(4,1)|PRODUCING SYNTHETIC AMMONIA(4,1)|PURIFYING CARBON(4,1)|SEAWATER WASHING COST EFFECTIVENESS(4,1)|STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR(4,1)||(IN202117002272)|LOW CARBON EMISSION(100,29)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION(100,29)|FOSSIL ENERGY(100,14)|FOSSIL(100,5)|LOW CARBON EMISSION ENERGY(100,1)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER DISCHARGE(88,5)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(74,14)|OCEAN NATURAL ALKALINITY(62,1)|PUMPING SEAWATER(58,12)|SEAWATER(57,28)|DECARBURIZED FLUE GAS(53,6)|METHANEDIONE(52,35)|SEA(48,23)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(46,10)|INTAKE PASSAGEWAY(45,7)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(43,10)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION COURSE(40,4)|COASTAL AREA(40,2)|ACID SCRUBBING WATER(39,6)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(36,3)|FLUE GAS(34,65)|RECYCLING NITROGEN(34,9)|ACID SCRUBBING(34,3)|DISCHARGING NITROGEN(33,7)|SHIP NAVIGATION(33,6)|CLIMATE MITIGATION(32,3)|AMMONIA SYNTHESIS(31,2)|BURNER(29,15)|EXHAUST FUNNEL(29,4)|MARINE ECOLOGY(29,3)|SEA AREA(29,2)|FOSSIL FUEL(28,22)|CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED AIR(27,7)|WATER QUALITY RESTORATION(26,15)|CARBON SINK RESOURCE(26,2)|GAS SUPERCHARGER(26,2)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(24,6)|THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR(23,7)|CARBON CAPTURE(22,21)|SAFE(21,6)|CARBON POOL(21,4)|FUEL SUPPLY(21,4)|LEGAL VALUE(21,4)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING CARBON CAPTURER(21,2)|ENERGY APPLICATION(19,15)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(18,2)|OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR(17,7)|NITROGEN FERTILIZER PRODUCTION(17,2)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(16,14)|BIOMASS FUEL(16,9)|CLEAN ENERGY(16,4)|PH VALUE(16,4)|SCRUBBER(16,4)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(15,7)|ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY(15,3)|ENERGY MEDIUM(14,3)|GREENHOUSE GAS(13,2)|SUPERCRITICAL COAL FIRED BOILER(13,1)|HEAT ENERGY(12,13)|INCREASED OXYGEN(12,5)|OXYGEN PRODUCING(12,4)|FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANT(11,3)|BOILER PASSAGEWAY(11,2)|KINETIC ENERGY(10,5)|OXYGEN GENERATOR(10,5)|PHASE REMODELING(10,4)|HEAT ENERGY PRODUCTION(10,3)|WATER QUALITY RESTORATION LOCATION(10,3)|CARBON CAPTURER SEAWATER OUTLET(10,1)|GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(10,1)|METHANEDIONE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(10,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(9,2)|DRAINAGE FACILITY(9,1)|MARPOL CONVENTION(9,1)|NEGATIVE EMISSION CLIMATE MITIGATION(9,1)|SHIP CARBON CAPTURER(9,1)|PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION(8,7)|GAS COMPRESSOR(8,3)|BOILER BURNING CARBON(8,1)|CLIMATE SCIENCE LITERATURE(8,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(8,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGY CARBON STORAGE(8,1)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(7,3)|PROPELLER(7,3)|ACID SEAWATER(7,2)|GENERATED METHANEDIONE(7,2)|HEAT BOILER(7,2)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(6,3)|ELECTRIC ENERGY(6,3)|SEAL GAS(6,3)|HOT STEAM(6,2)|AMMONIA ADDITIVE(6,1)|CENTURY HALF(6,1)|COOLING FACILITY(6,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT(6,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY UTILIZATION(6,1)|INSTALLED CARBON CAPTURER(6,1)|NATURAL ALKALINITY(6,1)|NATURAL ATMOSPHERE COMBUSTION(6,1)|OCEAN ACCOUNT(6,1)|PACKED TOWER(6,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(6,1)|SHIP DIESEL ENGINE(6,1)|SO2 EMISSION(6,1)|STATUTORY PROVISION(6,1)|SUB GEOLOGY(6,1)|TAIL GAS PASSAGEWAY(6,1)|INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY(5,3)|ANNUAL(5,2)|BOILER AIR(5,2)|METHANEDIONE VOLUME CONCENTRATION(5,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(5,2)|OXYGEN SUPPLY(5,2)|POWER PLANT CO2 EMISSION(5,2)|TECHNICAL COST BARRIER(5,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON EMISSION(5,1)|BICARBONATE ION(5,1)|CARBON LAKE(5,1)|GAS TURBOCHARGER(5,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON STORAGE(5,1)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(5,1)|NITROGEN RESOURCE(5,1)|NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER PRODUCTION(5,1)||(AU2018430238)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION(100,29)|LOW CARBON EMISSION(100,28)|FOSSIL ENERGY(100,13)|FOSSIL(100,6)|LOW CARBON EMISSION ENERGY(100,2)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER DISCHARGE(95,5)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(91,14)|CARBON CAPTURER(74,22)|PASSAGEWAY(71,37)|PUMPING SEAWATER(70,12)|DECARBURIZED FLUE GAS(67,6)|INTAKE PASSAGEWAY(65,7)|SEAWATER(57,28)|METHANEDIONE(54,35)|OCEANIC NATURAL ALKALINITY(53,1)|SEA(51,23)|ACID SCRUBBING WATER(50,6)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(49,10)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(47,10)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION COURSE(47,4)|SEAWATER OUTLET(44,8)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(44,3)|ACID SCRUBBING(43,3)|FLUE GAS(41,65)|EXHAUST FUNNEL(41,4)|BURNER(38,15)|DISCHARGING NITROGEN(37,7)|MARINE ECOLOGY(36,3)|CARBONACEOUS FUEL(36,1)|SCRUBBING WATER(35,10)|COASTAL AREA(31,2)|FUEL SUPPLY(30,4)|DISCHARGING(29,7)|WATER QUALITY RESTORATION(28,15)|OCEANIC NATURAL CARBON SINK(28,1)|RECYCLING NITROGEN(27,9)|FOSSIL FUEL(26,22)|OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR(26,7)|SHIP NAVIGATION(26,6)|LEGAL VALUE(26,4)|CAPTURING CARBON(25,1)|AMMONIA SYNTHESIS(24,2)|ECO FRIENDLY(23,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(21,20)|CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED AIR(21,7)|GAS SUPERCHARGER(21,2)|ENERGY APPLICATION(20,15)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(19,14)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(19,6)|PH VALUE(19,4)|THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR(18,7)|SAFE(18,5)|SEA AREA(18,1)|OCEAN AREA(17,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING CARBON CAPTURER(16,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(15,1)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(14,2)|SCRUBBER(13,4)|HEAT ENERGY PRODUCTION(13,3)|NITROGEN FERTILIZER PRODUCTION(13,2)|BIOMASS FUEL(12,9)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(12,7)|HEAT ENERGY(11,13)|ENERGY MEDIUM(11,3)|CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION(11,1)|SUPERCRITICAL COAL FIRED BOILER(10,1)|INCREASED OXYGEN(9,5)|OXYGEN PRODUCING(9,4)|FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANT(9,3)|BOILER PASSAGEWAY(9,2)|GREENHOUSE GAS(9,2)|KINETIC ENERGY(8,5)|OXYGEN GENERATOR(8,5)|PHASE REMODELING(8,4)|WATER QUALITY RESTORATION LOCATION(8,3)|CARBON CAPTURER SEAWATER OUTLET(8,1)|GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|METHANEDIONE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(8,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(7,2)|DRAINAGE FACILITY(7,1)|MARPOL CONVENTION(7,1)|NEGATIVE EMISSION CLIMATE MITIGATION(7,1)|SHIP CARBON CAPTURER(7,1)|PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION(6,7)|GAS COMPRESSOR(6,3)|ACID SEAWATER(6,2)|GENERATED METHANEDIONE(6,2)|HEAT BOILER(6,2)|BOILER BURNING CARBON(6,1)|CLIMATE SCIENCE LITERATURE(6,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(6,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGY CARBON STORAGE(6,1)|CARBON POOL(5,3)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(5,3)|PROPELLER(5,3)|HOT STEAM(5,2)|AMMONIA ADDITIVE(5,1)|CENTURY HALF(5,1)|COOLING FACILITY(5,1)|ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT(5,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY UTILIZATION(5,1)|INSTALLED CARBON CAPTURER(5,1)|NATURAL ALKALINITY(5,1)|NATURAL ATMOSPHERE COMBUSTION(5,1)|OCEAN ACCOUNT(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(5,1)|SHIP DIESEL ENGINE(5,1)|SO2 EMISSION(5,1)|STATUTORY PROVISION(5,1)|SUB GEOLOGY(5,1)|TAIL GAS PASSAGEWAY(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(4,3)|ELECTRIC ENERGY(4,3)|INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY(4,3)|SEAL GAS(4,3)|ANNUAL(4,2)|BOILER AIR(4,2)|METHANEDIONE VOLUME CONCENTRATION(4,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(4,2)|OXYGEN SUPPLY(4,2)|POWER PLANT CO2 EMISSION(4,2)|TECHNICAL COST BARRIER(4,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BICARBONATE ION(4,1)|CARBON LAKE(4,1)|CARBON SINK RESOURCE(4,1)|GAS TURBOCHARGER(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON STORAGE(4,1)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(4,1)|NITROGEN RESOURCE(4,1)|NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER PRODUCTION(4,1)||(CA3104187)|LOW CARBON EMISSION(100,29)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION(100,29)|FOSSIL ENERGY(100,14)|SCRUBBING SEAWATER DISCHARGE(95,5)|SEAWATER DISCHARGE(91,14)|CARBON CAPTURER(74,22)|PASSAGEWAY(71,37)|DECARBURIZED FLUE GAS(71,5)|PUMPING SEAWATER(70,12)|INTAKE PASSAGEWAY(65,7)|SEAWATER(57,28)|METHANEDIONE(54,35)|OCEANIC NATURAL ALKALINITY(53,1)|SEA(51,23)|ACID SCRUBBING WATER(50,6)|OCEAN CARBON STORAGE(49,10)|FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION(47,10)|OXYGEN ENRICHED COMBUSTION COURSE(47,4)|SEAWATER OUTLET(44,8)|SEAWATER CARBON CAPTURE(44,3)|ACID SCRUBBING(43,3)|FLUE GAS(41,65)|EXHAUST FUNNEL(41,4)|BURNER(38,15)|DISCHARGING NITROGEN(37,7)|MARINE ECOLOGY(36,3)|CARBONACEOUS FUEL(36,1)|SCRUBBING WATER(35,10)|COASTAL AREA(31,2)|FUEL SUPPLY(30,4)|DISCHARGING(29,7)|WATER QUALITY RESTORATION(28,15)|OCEANIC NATURAL CARBON SINK(28,1)|RECYCLING NITROGEN(27,9)|FOSSIL(27,5)|FOSSIL FUEL(26,22)|OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR(26,7)|SHIP NAVIGATION(26,6)|LEGAL VALUE(26,4)|CAPTURING CARBON(25,1)|AMMONIA SYNTHESIS(24,2)|ECO FRIENDLY(23,1)|CARBON CAPTURE(21,20)|CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED AIR(21,7)|GAS SUPERCHARGER(21,2)|ENERGY APPLICATION(20,15)|OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(19,14)|TECHNICAL FEATURE(19,6)|PH VALUE(19,4)|THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR(18,7)|SAFE(18,5)|SEA AREA(18,1)|OCEAN AREA(17,1)|SEAWATER SCRUBBING CARBON CAPTURER(16,2)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(15,1)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(14,2)|SCRUBBER(13,4)|HEAT ENERGY PRODUCTION(13,3)|NITROGEN FERTILIZER PRODUCTION(13,2)|BIOMASS FUEL(12,9)|MEMBRANE SEPARATION(12,7)|HEAT ENERGY(11,13)|ENERGY MEDIUM(11,3)|CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION(11,1)|SUPERCRITICAL COAL FIRED BOILER(10,1)|INCREASED OXYGEN(9,5)|OXYGEN PRODUCING(9,4)|FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANT(9,3)|BOILER PASSAGEWAY(9,2)|GREENHOUSE GAS(9,2)|KINETIC ENERGY(8,5)|OXYGEN GENERATOR(8,5)|PHASE REMODELING(8,4)|WATER QUALITY RESTORATION LOCATION(8,3)|CARBON CAPTURER SEAWATER OUTLET(8,1)|GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION(8,1)|METHANEDIONE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE(8,1)|METHANEDIONE STORAGE(7,2)|DRAINAGE FACILITY(7,1)|MARPOL CONVENTION(7,1)|NEGATIVE EMISSION CLIMATE MITIGATION(7,1)|SHIP CARBON CAPTURER(7,1)|PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION(6,7)|GAS COMPRESSOR(6,3)|ACID SEAWATER(6,2)|GENERATED METHANEDIONE(6,2)|HEAT BOILER(6,2)|BOILER BURNING CARBON(6,1)|CLIMATE SCIENCE LITERATURE(6,1)|PROPULSION ENGINE(6,1)|SUBMARINE GEOLOGY CARBON STORAGE(6,1)|CARBON POOL(5,3)|COMBUSTION FLUE GAS(5,3)|PROPELLER(5,3)|HOT STEAM(5,2)|AMMONIA ADDITIVE(5,1)|CENTURY HALF(5,1)|COOLING FACILITY(5,1)|FOSSIL ENERGY UTILIZATION(5,1)|INSTALLED CARBON CAPTURER(5,1)|NATURAL ALKALINITY(5,1)|NATURAL ATMOSPHERE COMBUSTION(5,1)|OCEAN ACCOUNT(5,1)|PACKED TOWER(5,1)|SEAWATER QUALITY(5,1)|SHIP DIESEL ENGINE(5,1)|STATUTORY PROVISION(5,1)|SUB GEOLOGY(5,1)|TAIL GAS PASSAGEWAY(5,1)|ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(4,3)|ELECTRIC ENERGY(4,3)|INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY(4,3)|SEAL GAS(4,3)|ANNUAL(4,2)|BOILER AIR(4,2)|METHANEDIONE VOLUME CONCENTRATION(4,2)|NATURAL SEAWATER(4,2)|OXYGEN SUPPLY(4,2)|POWER PLANT CO2 EMISSION(4,2)|TECHNICAL COST BARRIER(4,2)|ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON EMISSION(4,1)|BICARBONATE ION(4,1)|CARBON LAKE(4,1)|CARBON SINK RESOURCE(4,1)|DECARBUNZED FLUE GAS(4,1)|GAS TURBOCHARGER(4,1)|GEOLOGICAL CARBON STORAGE(4,1)|LOW CARBON EMISSION ENERGY(4,1)|NATURAL SUBSTANCE(4,1)|NITROGEN RESOURCE(4,1)|NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER PRODUCTION(4,1)| | (EP3812033)|1. A process for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, comprising steps of:| 1) oxygen enriched combustion including: increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion for producing heat energy;| 2) carbon capture of seawater scrubbing including: scrubbing the flue gas generated in the course of oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) with seawater so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, and generating clean decarburized flue gas and acid scrubbing water containing carbon dioxide of the flue gas;| 3) water quality restoration including: diluting the acid scrubbing water generated in step 2) with new seawater, so that a pH value of the acid scrubbing water is recovered to a legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and scrubbing seawater discharges are generated;| 4) ocean carbon storage including: injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges generated in step 3) into the ocean to realize ocean carbon storage which is long-term, safe and environment-friendly on marine ecology;| 5) low carbon emission to atmosphere including: discharging the decarburized flue gas generated in step 2) into atmosphere; and| 6) energy outputting including: converting the heat energy generated in the oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) into applied energy and outputting the applied energy.|2. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the procedure that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture in step 2), 3% - 99% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture.|3. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the course of increasing the oxygenconcentration in air for fossil fuel combustion in step 1), the increased oxygen is obtained from an oxygen-producing procedure including a cryogenic liquefied air method, and/or a pressure swing adsorption method and/or a membrane separation method.|4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the course of injecting the scrubbingseawater discharges into the ocean in step 4), the scrubbing seawater discharges are injected under atmospheric pressure through a pipe into the ocean at a location which is near the water quality restoration location in step 3).|5. The process according claim 1, wherein in the course of converting the heat energygenerated in oxygen enriched combustion into applied energy and outputting the applied energy in step 6), the heat energy is converted into the applied energy selected from a group consisted of electric energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy medium and the combination thereof.|6. The process according to claim 3, wherein in the oxygen-producing procedure,nitrogen is recycled as by-product.|7. An apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions and carrying out the process of claim 1, comprising a device for increasing oxygen (1), a burner (2) and a carbon capturer (3), wherein:|the device for increasing oxygen (1), which is configured for increasing the oxygen concentration, includes an intake passageway (1.1), a passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air (1.2) and a passageway for discharging nitrogen (1.3), wherein the intake passageway (1.1) is communicated with the atmosphere, and the passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air (1.2) is communicated with the burner (2); the burner (2) includes a device for supplying fuel (2.1), a passageway for discharging|flue gas (2.2) and a device for converting and outputting energy (2.3), wherein the passageway for discharging flue gas (2.2) is connected to the carbon capturer (3); and the carbon capturer (3) includes a passageway for entering of scrubbing water (3.1), a device for pumping seawater (3.2) and a passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas (3.3), wherein:| the passageway for entering of scrubbing water (3.1) is connected to the device for pumping seawater (3.2);| the passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas (3.3) is communicated with atmosphere through an exhaust funnel (3.4);| a seawater outlet (3.5) is connected to a pipe for discharging seawater (3.7) through a device for restoring water quality (3.6); and| an outlet of the pipe for discharging seawater (3.7) is communicated with the ocean.|8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the device for increasing oxygen (1) includes a separation device of cryogenic liquefied air, and/or a device of pressure swing adsorption, and/or a device of membrane separation.|9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the device for increasing oxygen (1) is anoxygen generator of gas supercharging which includes a gas compressor, and/or a gas supercharger.|10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the carbon capturer (3) is composed of a scrubber for seawater and flue gas, and the device for restoring water quality (3.6), to which the carbon capturer (3) is connected, is composed of a water mixing device.|11. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the device for increasing oxygen (1) isconnected to a device for recycling nitrogen (1.4) through the passageway for discharging nitrogen (1.3), and the device for recycling nitrogen is composed of an ammonia synthesis device and/or a device for producing nitrogen fertilizer, and/or is composed of a device for storing and transporting chemical seal gas.|12. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the seawater outlet (3.5) of the carboncapturer (3) is connected to the pipe for discharging seawater (3.7) through a thermoelectric generator (3.8) and the device for restoring water quality (3.6), and the thermoelectric generator (3.8) is electrically connected with the device for increasing oxygen (1) and the device for pumping seawater (3.2) through an internal power supply system.|13. A fossil fuel power plant with low carbon emissions, comprising the technicalfeatures recited in any one of claims 7-12.|14. A fossil fuel powered marine ship with low carbon emissions, comprising the technical features recited in any one of claims 7-12. | (EP3812033)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0001] The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which is applicable for producing energy by utilizing fossil and biomass fuels in the way of low carbon emissions to atmosphere, and is suitable for coastal and marine areas. The present invention belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation.|DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART|[0002] Since the UNFCCC Paris agreement put forward the climate target of achieving the scale balance of "emission source" and "carbon sink" in the second half of this century, the scientific fact has been reemphasized that the ocean accounts for 93% of the earth's natural resources of carbon sink and carbon pool and removes nearly 40% of the anthropogenic carbon emissions. The scheme of utilizing the marine resources as the largest natural "carbon sink" on the earth to realize fossil energy utilization with low carbon emissions to atmosphere has been proposed again.|[0003] In U.S. patent application No. 15568596 titled "a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage", a technical scheme, in which only natural seawater is used to scrub carbon-containing gas to capture carbon dioxide and discharge the scrubbing seawater to the ocean according to the water quality index stipulated by law, so as to realize the ocean carbon storage of natural alkalinity, is disclosed. The resources of carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean can be used to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in a safe, environment-friendly and cost-effective form. However, due to the low concentration of carbon dioxide in general flue gas, the amount of scrubbing water needed to capture carbon dioxide and the area occupied by the scrubber are very large, so it is needed to further improve its application scope and cost-effectiveness.|[0004] On the other hand, because the high concentration of carbon dioxide is needed in the cases including the geological storage of carbon dioxide including carbon storage of submarine geology and sub geology, submarine storage of lake of carbon, and oil displacement in oil recovery, there was a carbon capture and storage (CCS) scheme existing for a long time, in which carbon capture of oxygen enriched combustion, scrubbing with amine additive, carbon purification and geological carbon storage are used. The process of oxygen enriched combustion is an existing technology in which the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion is greater than that in the natural atmosphere by 20.95%, and the oxygen concentration in air for combustion is not less than 21%, so the carbon dioxide concentration in the combustion flue gas is greater than that in the natural atmosphere combustion, which can reduce the cost of capturing carbon dioxide compared with amine-scrubbing scheme. For example, in a project design of power plant with a full chain oxygen enriched combustion and low carbon emissions published in Europe, an air separation system (ASU) and a gas processing system (GPU) are added on the basis of conventional power plants. Due the ASU system, the oxygen concentration in air for combustion is not less than 95%, which results in that the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas can reach no less than 85%. However, because the goal of such schemes is geological sequestration (including oil displacement in land and submarine geology) and long-distance transportation is needed, it is required to further purify and compress the carbon dioxide in the flue gas, which has faced with technical cost barriers including environmental safety costs.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0005] The purpose of the process and apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions in the present invention is to further improve the application scope and cost-effectiveness of the seawater-scrubbing scheme of carbon capture and storage, to overcome the technical cost barriers of the existing scheme of oxygen enriched combustion, and to provide a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions to atmosphere.|[0006] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, comprising steps of:| 1) oxygen enriched combustion including: increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion for producing heat energy;| 2) carbon capture of seawater scrubbing including: scrubbing the flue gas generated in the course of oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) with seawater so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, and generating clean decarburized flue gas and acid scrubbing water containing carbon dioxide of the flue gas;| 3) water quality restoration including: diluting the acid scrubbing water generated in step 2) with new seawater, so that a pH value of the acid scrubbing water is recovered to a legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and scrubbing seawater discharges are generated;| 4) ocean carbon storage including: injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges generated in step 3) into the ocean to realize ocean carbon storage which is long-term, safe and environment-friendly on marine ecology;| 5)low carbon emission to atmosphere including: discharging the decarburized flue gas generated in step 2) into atmosphere; and| 6) energy outputting including: converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) into applied energy and outputting the applied energy.|[0007] Preferred embodiments are provided as below.|[0008] In the procedure that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture in step 2), 3% - 99% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture.|[0009] In the course of increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion in step 1), the increased oxygen is obtained from an oxygen-producing procedure including a cryogenic liquefied air method, and/or a pressure swing adsorption method and/or a membrane separation method.|[0010] In the course of injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges into the ocean in step 4), the scrubbing seawater discharges are injected under atmospheric pressure through a pipe into the ocean at a location which is near the water quality restoration location in step 3).|[0011] In the course of converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion into applied energy and outputting the applied energy in step 6), the heat energy is converted into the applied energy selected from a group consisted of electric energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy medium and the combination thereof.|[0012] In the oxygen-producing procedure, nitrogen is recycled as by-product.|[0013] The fossil fuel is selected from carbon-containing fuels including oil, natural gas, combustible ice, biomass, coal the combination thereof.|[0014] In the course of the oxygen enriched combustion, the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion is not less than 21%.|[0015] The seawater is the natural seawater from the ocean, including the seawater from the ocean which has been used for industrial facilities cooling.|[0016] The second purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions and carrying out the process of the present process, comprising a device for increasing oxygen, a burner and a carbon capturer, wherein:| the device for increasing oxygen, which is configured for increasing the oxygen concentration, includes an intake passageway, a passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air and a passageway for discharging nitrogen, wherein the intake passageway is communicated with the atmosphere, and the passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air is communicated with the burner; the burner includes a device for supplying fuel, a passageway for discharging flue gas and a device for converting and outputting energy, wherein the passageway for discharging flue gas is connected to the carbon capturer; and the carbon capturer includes a passageway for entering of scrubbing water, a device for|pumping seawater and a passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas, wherein:the passageway for entering of scrubbing water is connected to the device for pumping seawater;| the passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas is communicated with atmosphere through an exhaust funnel;| a seawater outlet is connected to a pipe for discharging seawater through a device for restoring water quality; and an outlet of the pipe for discharging seawater is communicated with the ocean.|[0017] Preferred embodiments are provided as below.|[0018] The device for increasing oxygen includes a separation device of cryogenic liquefied air, and/or a device of pressure swing adsorption, and/or a device of membrane separation.|[0019] The device for increasing oxygen is an oxygen generator of gas supercharging which includes a gas compressor, and/or a gas supercharger.|[0020] The carbon capturer is composed of a scrubber for seawater and flue gas, and the device for restoring water quality, to which the carbon capturer is connected, is composed of a water mixing device.|[0021] The device for increasing oxygen is connected to a device for recycling nitrogen through the passageway for discharging nitrogen, and the device for recycling nitrogen is composed of an ammonia synthesis device and/or a device for producing nitrogen fertilizer, and/or is composed of a device for storing and transporting chemical seal gas.|[0022] The seawater outlet of the carbon capturer is connected to the pipe for discharging seawater through a thermoelectric generator and the device for restoring water quality, and the thermoelectric generator is electrically connected with the device for increasing oxygen and the device for pumping seawater through an internal power supply system.|[0023] The burner is composed of a boiler and/or and internal combustion engine, which burn carbon-containing fuels including fossil and/or biomass fuels. The device for converting and outputting energy is composed of a turbine generator, and/or a gas turbine, and/or a heating boiler, and/or a propeller.|[0024] A fossil fuel power plant with low carbon emissions comprises anyone of the technical features in the above scheme and the above further scheme of the apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions and carrying out the process of the present invention.|[0025] A fossil fuel powered marine ship with low carbon emissions comprises anyone of the technical features in the above scheme and the above further scheme of the apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions and carrying out the process of the present invention.|[0026] The technical principle and effect of the present invention are set forth as below.|[0027] The present invention is based on the principle that the carbon dioxide is a kind of natural substance which is soluble in seawater and exists in large quantities in seawater, and the carbon dioxide can be stored in the ocean for a long time and in large quantities. In the present invention, the seawater is used to scrub the flue gas of fossil fuel, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved to realize carbon capture, and then the acid seawater formed by dissolving the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is adjusted to restore the water quality, so that the pH value can be restored to the legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and then injected into the ocean for ocean carbon storage. At this time, the carbon dioxide stored in seawater is mainly converted into bicarbonate ions, which is considered as the safest and most stable way of ocean carbon storage in the literature of climate science.|[0028] When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is low, the amount of scrubbing water required to capture carbon dioxide and the floor area of the scrubber are large, which affects the further improvement of its application scope and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the present invention provides a CCS (carbon capture and storage) scheme including oxygen enriched combustion, carbon capture of seawater scrubbing and ocean carbon storage, in which the method of oxygen enriched combustion is used to improve the CO2 concentration in the flue gas. Compared with the existing CCS scheme of oxygen enriched combustion, the cost of carbon capture in the present invention is reduced by about 50% - 80%, and the cost of storage is reduced by about two orders of magnitude. This is because there are basic differences in carbon capture and storage methods between the two CCS schemes. The carbon-containing flue gas generated in the present invention is not compressed, and the selection range of oxygen supply concentration and generated carbon dioxide concentration is large. At the same time, the carbon capturer in the present invention has the technical effect of flue gas desulfurization, so it at least omits the gas treatment unit (GPU), FGD apparatus and the material consumption and energy consumption thereof compared with the existing CCS scheme of oxygen enriched combustion. In addition, the air separation unit (ASU) does not require the preparation of high-purity oxygen. On the contrary, the design of oxygen supply concentration and generated carbon dioxide concentration should be optimized according to the comprehensive considerations including the overall cost factor such as the amount of scrubbing water.|[0029] Moreover, the oxygen enriched combustion can improve the energy conversion rate of the burner by about 1-3%, and recycle nitrogen resources in the course of oxygen generation, which has the effects including carbon capture, utilization and storage, i.e. CCUS. This is also realized in the scheme of the present invention.|[0030] Therefore, in the technical scheme of the process and apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions in the present invention, fossil fuel, biomass fuel and other carbon-containing mineral resources are utilized to produce clean energy with low carbon emissions to the atmosphere and with low cost, so that the application scope and cost-effectiveness are further improved in mitigation scheme of utilizing carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean in a safe and environment-friendly form. This will be helpful for reducing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a larger scale and more rapidly.|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of an example of the process of the present invention.| Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the apparatus for carrying out a process of the present invention.| Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of remodeling coastal power plant according the scheme of process and apparatus of the present invention.| Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of marine ship according the scheme of process of the present invention.|[0032] Names of components or structures corresponding to the reference numbers in the drawings are provided as below.|[0033] 1- device for increasing oxygen, 1.1- intake passageway, 1.2- passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air, 1.3- passageway for discharging nitrogen, 1.4- device for recycling nitrogen, 2- burner, 2.1- device for supplying fuel, 2.2- passageway for discharging flue gas, 2.3- device for converting and outputting energy, 3- carbon capturer, 3.1- passageway for entering of scrubbing water, 3.2- device for pumping seawater, 3.3- passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas, 3.4- exhaust funnel, 3.5- seawater outlet, 3.6- device for restoring water quality, 3.7- pipe for discharging seawater, 3.8- thermoelectric generator, 3.9- ocean, 3.10-ocean current|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRERERRED EMBODIMENTS|[0034] Combined with the figures and examples, further description of the present invention is provided as below.|Example 1|[0035] This is a basic example of the process of the present invention. As shown in Fig.1, the steps comprise:| 1) oxygen enriched combustion including: increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion for producing heat energy;| 2) carbon capture of seawater scrubbing including: scrubbing the flue gas generated in the course of oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) with seawater so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, and generating clean decarburized flue gas and acid scrubbing water containing carbon dioxide of the flue gas;| 3) water quality restoration including: diluting the acid scrubbing water generated in step 2) with new seawater, so that a pH value of the acid scrubbing water is recovered to a legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and scrubbing seawater discharges are generated;| 4) ocean carbon storage including: injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges generated in step 3) into the ocean to realize ocean carbon storage which is long-term, safe and environment-friendly on marine ecology;| 5) low carbon emission to atmosphere including: discharging the decarburized flue gas generated in step 2) into atmosphere; and| 6) energy outputting including: converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) into applied energy and outputting the applied energy.|Example 2|[0036] This is a group of examples based on Example 1. The fossil fuels include oil, natural gas, combustible ice, biomass fuel and coal. In these examples, biomass fuel can be also used as carbon-containing fuel for producing energy with low carbon emissions, as same as the common fossil fuel, and the combustion of biomass fuel with low carbon emissions has effect of climate mitigation of negative emission.|[0037] In another group of examples based on Example 1, the fossil fuels include a combination of oil and natural gas, a combination of natural gas and combustible ice, a combination of biomass fuel and coal, and a combination of oil and coal.|[0038] In another group of examples based on Example 1, in the process of increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion, the volume percentage of oxygen in air for fossil fuel combustion is increased to 21% - 25%, or 25% - 35%, or 35% - 55%, or 55% - 75%, or 75% - 99%.|Example 3|[0039] This is a group of examples based on Example 1. After the process of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion, the carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gas is increased by 1% - 10%, or 10% - 50%, or 50% - 100% compared with that in the flue gas generated in combustion by ambient natural air.|[0040] This is a group of examples based on Example 1. After the process of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion, the carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gas is increased by 1-2 times, or 2-5 times, or 5-10 times, or 10-20 times, or 20-30 times compared with that in the flue gas generated in combustion by ambient natural air.|Example 4|[0041] This is a group of examples based on Example 1. In the process that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, the amount of carbon dioxide in flue gas dissolved in the seawater reaches 3% - 5%, or 5% - 15%, or 15% - 35%, or 35% - 55%, or 55% - 75%, or 75% - 99%.|Example 5|[0042] This is another basic example based on Example 1. In the process of increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion, the increased oxygen is obtained from a separation method of cryogenic liquefied air. In another basic example, the increased oxygen is obtained from a pressure swing adsorption method. In another example, the increased oxygen is obtained from a membrane separation method.|[0043] In another basic example based on Example 1, in the process of converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion into applied energy and outputting the applied energy in step 6), the heat energy is converted into electrical energy through a method of heating the boiler to produce steam to push the turbine generator, and the electrical energy is outputted to the power grid. In another example, the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion is converted into kinetic energy for ship propulsion by internal-combustion engine. In another example, the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion is converted into hot steam and/or hot water medium by heating boiler and the hot steam and/or hot water medium are outputted. In another example, the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion is converted into kinetic energy by gas turbine. In another example, the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion is converted into an applied energy combination of electric energy, kinetic energy and thermal energy medium.|Example 6|[0044] This is a basic example of the apparatus of the present invention. As shown in Fig.2, the apparatus comprises:|a device for increasing oxygen 1, a burner 2 and a carbon capturer 3, wherein:|the device for increasing oxygen 1, which is configured for increasing the oxygen concentration, includes an intake passageway 1.1, a passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air 1.2 and a passageway for discharging nitrogen 1.3, wherein the intake passageway 1.1 is communicated with the atmosphere, and the passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air 1.2 is communicated with the burner 2; the burner 2 includes a device for supplying fuel 2.1, a passageway for discharging flue gas 2.2 and a device for converting and outputting energy 2.3, wherein the passageway for discharging flue gas 2.2 is connected to the carbon capturer 3; and the carbon capturer 3 includes a passageway for entering of scrubbing water 3.1, a device for pumping seawater 3.2 and a passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas 3.3, wherein:| the passageway for entering of scrubbing water 3.1 is connected to the device for pumping seawater 3.2;| the passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas 3.3 is communicated with atmosphere through an exhaust funnel 3.4;| a seawater outlet 3.5 is connected to a pipe for discharging seawater 3.7 through a device for restoring water quality 3.6; and| an outlet of the pipe for discharging seawater 3.7 is communicated with the ocean.|Example 7|[0045] This is an example based on Example 6. As shown in Fig.2, the carbon capturer 3 is composed of a scrubber for seawater and flue gas. The device for restoring water quality 3.6, to which the carbon capturer 3 is connected, is composed of a water mixing device, so that the new seawater and acid seawater are well mixed in a space isolated from the atmosphere.|[0046] In another group of examples based on Example 6, the device for increasing oxygen comprises an apparatus for increasing oxygen including a separation device of cryogenic liquefied air, and/or a device of pressure swing adsorption, and/or a device of membrane separation.|[0047] In another group of examples based on Example 6, the burner is composed of a boiler burning carbon-containing fossil and/or biomass fuels, and/or an internal combustion engine, and/or a gas turbine.|[0048] In another group of examples based on Example 6, the device for converting and outputting energy, to which the burner is connected, is composed of a turbine generator, and/or a heating boiler, and/or an internal combustion engine, and/or a propeller, and/or a gas turbine.|Example 8|[0049] This is an example based on Example 6. As shown in Fig.3, the device for increasing oxygen 1 is connected to a device for recycling nitrogen 1.4 through the passageway for discharging nitrogen 1.3. The device for recycling nitrogen is composed of a whole plant for producing synthetic ammonia. In another example, the device for recycling nitrogen is composed of a whole plant for producing nitrogenous fertilizer. In another example, the device for recycling nitrogen is composed of a device for storing and transporting chemical seal gas.|[0050] In above examples, in the process for producing oxygen, nitrogen is recycled as by-product. Therefore, this a CCUS example including carbon capture, utilization and storage.|Example 9|[0051] This is an example for remodeling a power plant based on Example 6 and Example 7. As shown in Fig.2, the burner is a supercritical coal-fired boiler matched with 600MW steam turbine generator unit, and pulverized coal and biomass fuels are used as the fuel. The remodeling is carried out in two phases.|[0052] In an example of the first phase remodeling, a device for increasing oxygen is installed in the boiler passageway for entering of air, and a carbon capturer of seawater scrubbing is installed in the passageway for exhausting flue gas. The installed device for increasing oxygen is a separation device of cryogenic liquefied air, by which the oxygen volume concentration in the entering air of boiler is increased to about 40%, and the volume concentration of carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas is about 36%. In the installed carbon capturer of seawater scrubbing, a packed tower is used to reduce the height, and the height of water distributor is about 9m. The existing cooling seawater of the power plant is directly used as scrubbing seawater, and no additional drainage facilities are built. In this example, the annual amount of capture and storage of carbon dioxide is about 300,000 tons, the CO2 emissions of the power plant are reduced by about 10%, the SO2 emissions are reduced by about 99%, and the combustion efficiency of the boiler is increased by about 3% through the oxygen enriched combustion.|[0053] In an example of the second phase remodeling, based on the first phase remodeling, the scale and power of the device for increasing oxygen installed in the boiler passageway for entering of air are increased, another carbon capturer of seawater scrubbing is added in the passageway for exhausting flue gas, and a pumping station for pumping seawater is added. The added devices for increasing oxygen include a device of pressure swing adsorption and two devices of membrane separation. After the increasing of the scale and power of the device for increasing oxygen, the oxygen volume concentration in the entering air of boiler reached to about 80%, and the volume concentration of carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas is about 76%. The amount of scrubbing seawater is increased to about 210,000 t/h, which comes from the added pump for pumping seawater. The pH value of the scrubbing seawater is adjusted by a device for restoring water quality to reach to a value of no less than 6.5 according to legal provisions of the environmental management department. Then the scrubbing seawater is injected under atmospheric pressure through a pipe into the ocean at a location which is near the water quality restoration location. In this example, the annual amount of capture and storage of carbon dioxide is about 2,300,000 tons, and the CO2 emissions of the power plant are reduced by about 80%.|[0054] The example of the second phase remodeling meets the requirements of large-scale CCS for the development of hydrogen energy industry.|Example 10|[0055] This is an example of fossil fuel power plant with low carbon emissions, comprising one or more technical features of the apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions mentioned in Example 6, or Example 7, or Example 8, or Example 9.|[0056] In another example of gas-steam combined cycle power plant based on Example 6, the device for increasing oxygen is an oxygen generator of gas supercharging, which is composed of a gas compressor of gas turbine and oxygen-nitrogen separation membrane.|Example 11|[0057] This is an example of marine ship based on Example 6 and Example 7. As shown in Fig.4, the burner 2 includes one 23MW marine diesel engine as the main propulsion engine connected to the propeller, and one heating boiler as auxiliary. An oxygen generator of gas supercharging is installed at the are inlet of the engine and the boiler. The oxygen generator of gas supercharging is composed of gas turbocharger of diesel engine and an oxygen nitrogen separation membrane. The seawater outlet 3.5 of the carbon capturer 3 is connected to the pipe for discharging seawater 3.7 through a device for restoring water quality 3.6. A ship carbon capturer of seawater scrubbing is installed in tail gas passageway. The drainage is in accordance with MEPC rules under Annex VI of MARPOL convention, which is allowed to be discharged into the ocean. CO2 in ship flue gas is reduced by 3%-5% (the specific value is related to the seawater quality and temperature where the ship sails), and SO2 is reduced by 99%. the efficiency of the ship diesel engine is increased by about 3.8% through the oxygen enriched combustion.|[0058] In another example of ship, the fuel is LNG and it produces less carbon emissions than coal and oil, but it still belongs to the fossil energy needed to reduce and control the carbon emissions.|Example 12|[0059] This is an example of marine ship based on Example 11. As shown in Fig.4, the seawater outlet 3.5 of the carbon capturer 3 is connected to the pipe for discharging seawater 3.7 through a thermoelectric generator 3.8 and a device for restoring water quality 3.6. The thermoelectric generator 3.8 is electrically connected with the device for increasing oxygen 1 and the device for pumping seawater 3.2 through an internal power supply system. Due to the high temperature of flue gas from ship internal combustion engine, it is easier for seawater to absorb the waste heat of the flue gas during scrubbing process (no less than 60% of fuel heat). This part of waste heat can be used for thermoelectric power generation to reduce the energy consumption of device for increasing oxygen and the seawater scrubbing. In this example, the emission of CO2 in tail gas is reduced by 5%-10%.|Example 13|[0060] This is a group of examples of fossil fuel powered marine ship with low carbon emissions, comprising one or more technical features of the apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions mentioned in Example 6, or Example 7, or Example 11, or Example 12.|[0061] The protection scope of the claim of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. | (EP3812033)|FIELD OF THE INVENTION|[0001] The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which is applicable for producing energy by utilizing fossil and biomass fuels in the way of low carbon emissions to atmosphere, and is suitable for coastal and marine areas. The present invention belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation.|DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART|[0002] Since the UNFCCC Paris agreement put forward the climate target of achieving the scale balance of "emission source" and "carbon sink" in the second half of this century, the scientific fact has been reemphasized that the ocean accounts for 93% of the earth's natural resources of carbon sink and carbon pool and removes nearly 40% of the anthropogenic carbon emissions. The scheme of utilizing the marine resources as the largest natural "carbon sink" on the earth to realize fossil energy utilization with low carbon emissions to atmosphere has been proposed again.|[0003] In U.S. patent application No. 15568596 titled "a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage", a technical scheme, in which only natural seawater is used to scrub carbon-containing gas to capture carbon dioxide and discharge the scrubbing seawater to the ocean according to the water quality index stipulated by law, so as to realize the ocean carbon storage of natural alkalinity, is disclosed. The resources of carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean can be used to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in a safe, environment-friendly and cost-effective form. However, due to the low concentration of carbon dioxide in general flue gas, the amount of scrubbing water needed to capture carbon dioxide and the area occupied by the scrubber are very large, so it is needed to further improve its application scope and cost-effectiveness.|[0004] On the other hand, because the high concentration of carbon dioxide is needed in the cases including the geological storage of carbon dioxide including carbon storage of submarine geology and sub geology, submarine storage of lake of carbon, and oil displacement in oil recovery, there was a carbon capture and storage (CCS) scheme existing for a long time, in which carbon capture of oxygen enriched combustion, scrubbing with amine additive, carbon purification and geological carbon storage are used. The process of oxygen enriched combustion is an existing technology in which the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion is greater than that in the natural atmosphere by 20.95%, and the oxygen concentration in air for combustion is not less than 21%, so the carbon dioxide concentration in the combustion flue gas is greater than that in the natural atmosphere combustion, which can reduce the cost of capturing carbon dioxide compared with amine-scrubbing scheme. For example, in a project design of power plant with a full chain oxygen enriched combustion and low carbon emissions published in Europe, an air separation system (ASU) and a gas processing system (GPU) are added on the basis of conventional power plants. Due the ASU system, the oxygen concentration in air for combustion is not less than 95%, which results in that the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas can reach no less than 85%. However, because the goal of such schemes is geological sequestration (including oil displacement in land and submarine geology) and long-distance transportation is needed, it is required to further purify and compress the carbon dioxide in the flue gas, which has faced with technical cost barriers including environmental safety costs.|SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION|[0005] The purpose of the process and apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions in the present invention is to further improve the application scope and cost-effectiveness of the seawater-scrubbing scheme of carbon capture and storage, to overcome the technical cost barriers of the existing scheme of oxygen enriched combustion, and to provide a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions to atmosphere.|[0006] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, comprising steps of:| 1) oxygen enriched combustion including: increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion for producing heat energy;| 2) carbon capture of seawater scrubbing including: scrubbing the flue gas generated in the course of oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) with seawater so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, and generating clean decarburized flue gas and acid scrubbing water containing carbon dioxide of the flue gas;| 3) water quality restoration including: diluting the acid scrubbing water generated in step 2) with new seawater, so that a pH value of the acid scrubbing water is recovered to a legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and scrubbing seawater discharges are generated;| 4) ocean carbon storage including: injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges generated in step 3) into the ocean to realize ocean carbon storage which is long-term, safe and environment-friendly on marine ecology;| 5)low carbon emission to atmosphere including: discharging the decarburized flue gas generated in step 2) into atmosphere; and| 6) energy outputting including: converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) into applied energy and outputting the applied energy.|[0007] Preferred embodiments are provided as below.|[0008] In the procedure that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture in step 2), 3% - 99% of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture.|[0009] In the course of increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion in step 1), the increased oxygen is obtained from an oxygen-producing procedure including a cryogenic liquefied air method, and/or a pressure swing adsorption method and/or a membrane separation method.|[0010] In the course of injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges into the ocean in step 4), the scrubbing seawater discharges are injected under atmospheric pressure through a pipe into the ocean at a location which is near the water quality restoration location in step 3).|[0011] In the course of converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion into applied energy and outputting the applied energy in step 6), the heat energy is converted into the applied energy selected from a group consisted of electric energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy medium and the combination thereof.|[0012] In the oxygen-producing procedure, nitrogen is recycled as by-product.|[0013] The fossil fuel is selected from carbon-containing fuels including oil, natural gas, combustible ice, biomass, coal the combination thereof.|[0014] In the course of the oxygen enriched combustion, the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion is not less than 21%.|[0015] The seawater is the natural seawater from the ocean, including the seawater from the ocean which has been used for industrial facilities cooling.|[0016] The second purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions and carrying out the process of the present process, comprising a device for increasing oxygen, a burner and a carbon capturer, wherein:| the device for increasing oxygen, which is configured for increasing the oxygen concentration, includes an intake passageway, a passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air and a passageway for discharging nitrogen, wherein the intake passageway is communicated with the atmosphere, and the passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air is communicated with the burner; the burner includes a device for supplying fuel, a passageway for discharging flue gas and a device for converting and outputting energy, wherein the passageway for discharging flue gas is connected to the carbon capturer; and the carbon capturer includes a passageway for entering of scrubbing water, a device for|pumping seawater and a passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas, wherein:the passageway for entering of scrubbing water is connected to the device for pumping seawater;| the passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas is communicated with atmosphere through an exhaust funnel;| a seawater outlet is connected to a pipe for discharging seawater through a device for restoring water quality; and an outlet of the pipe for discharging seawater is communicated with the ocean.|[0017] Preferred embodiments are provided as below.|[0018] The device for increasing oxygen includes a separation device of cryogenic liquefied air, and/or a device of pressure swing adsorption, and/or a device of membrane separation.|[0019] The device for increasing oxygen is an oxygen generator of gas supercharging which includes a gas compressor, and/or a gas supercharger.|[0020] The carbon capturer is composed of a scrubber for seawater and flue gas, and the device for restoring water quality, to which the carbon capturer is connected, is composed of a water mixing device.|[0021] The device for increasing oxygen is connected to a device for recycling nitrogen through the passageway for discharging nitrogen, and the device for recycling nitrogen is composed of an ammonia synthesis device and/or a device for producing nitrogen fertilizer, and/or is composed of a device for storing and transporting chemical seal gas.|[0022] The seawater outlet of the carbon capturer is connected to the pipe for discharging seawater through a thermoelectric generator and the device for restoring water quality, and the thermoelectric generator is electrically connected with the device for increasing oxygen and the device for pumping seawater through an internal power supply system.|[0023] The burner is composed of a boiler and/or and internal combustion engine, which burn carbon-containing fuels including fossil and/or biomass fuels. The device for converting and outputting energy is composed of a turbine generator, and/or a gas turbine, and/or a heating boiler, and/or a propeller.|[0024] A fossil fuel power plant with low carbon emissions comprises anyone of the technical features in the above scheme and the above further scheme of the apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions and carrying out the process of the present invention.|[0025] A fossil fuel powered marine ship with low carbon emissions comprises anyone of the technical features in the above scheme and the above further scheme of the apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions and carrying out the process of the present invention.|[0026] The technical principle and effect of the present invention are set forth as below.|[0027] The present invention is based on the principle that the carbon dioxide is a kind of natural substance which is soluble in seawater and exists in large quantities in seawater, and the carbon dioxide can be stored in the ocean for a long time and in large quantities. In the present invention, the seawater is used to scrub the flue gas of fossil fuel, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved to realize carbon capture, and then the acid seawater formed by dissolving the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is adjusted to restore the water quality, so that the pH value can be restored to the legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and then injected into the ocean for ocean carbon storage. At this time, the carbon dioxide stored in seawater is mainly converted into bicarbonate ions, which is considered as the safest and most stable way of ocean carbon storage in the literature of climate science.|[0028] When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is low, the amount of scrubbing water required to capture carbon dioxide and the floor area of the scrubber are large, which affects the further improvement of its application scope and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the present invention provides a CCS (carbon capture and storage) scheme including oxygen enriched combustion, carbon capture of seawater scrubbing and ocean carbon storage, in which the method of oxygen enriched combustion is used to improve the CO2 concentration in the flue gas. Compared with the existing CCS scheme of oxygen enriched combustion, the cost of carbon capture in the present invention is reduced by about 50% - 80%, and the cost of storage is reduced by about two orders of magnitude. This is because there are basic differences in carbon capture and storage methods between the two CCS schemes. The carbon-containing flue gas generated in the present invention is not compressed, and the selection range of oxygen supply concentration and generated carbon dioxide concentration is large. At the same time, the carbon capturer in the present invention has the technical effect of flue gas desulfurization, so it at least omits the gas treatment unit (GPU), FGD apparatus and the material consumption and energy consumption thereof compared with the existing CCS scheme of oxygen enriched combustion. In addition, the air separation unit (ASU) does not require the preparation of high-purity oxygen. On the contrary, the design of oxygen supply concentration and generated carbon dioxide concentration should be optimized according to the comprehensive considerations including the overall cost factor such as the amount of scrubbing water.|[0029] Moreover, the oxygen enriched combustion can improve the energy conversion rate of the burner by about 1-3%, and recycle nitrogen resources in the course of oxygen generation, which has the effects including carbon capture, utilization and storage, i.e. CCUS. This is also realized in the scheme of the present invention.|[0030] Therefore, in the technical scheme of the process and apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions in the present invention, fossil fuel, biomass fuel and other carbon-containing mineral resources are utilized to produce clean energy with low carbon emissions to the atmosphere and with low cost, so that the application scope and cost-effectiveness are further improved in mitigation scheme of utilizing carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean in a safe and environment-friendly form. This will be helpful for reducing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a larger scale and more rapidly.|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of an example of the process of the present invention.| Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the apparatus for carrying out a process of the present invention.| Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of remodeling coastal power plant according the scheme of process and apparatus of the present invention.| Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of marine ship according the scheme of process of the present invention.|[0032] Names of components or structures corresponding to the reference numbers in the drawings are provided as below.|[0033] 1- device for increasing oxygen, 1.1- intake passageway, 1.2- passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air, 1.3- passageway for discharging nitrogen, 1.4- device for recycling nitrogen, 2- burner, 2.1- device for supplying fuel, 2.2- passageway for discharging flue gas, 2.3- device for converting and outputting energy, 3- carbon capturer, 3.1- passageway for entering of scrubbing water, 3.2- device for pumping seawater, 3.3- passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas, 3.4- exhaust funnel, 3.5- seawater outlet, 3.6- device for restoring water quality, 3.7- pipe for discharging seawater, 3.8- thermoelectric generator, 3.9- ocean, 3.10-ocean current|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRERERRED EMBODIMENTS|[0034] Combined with the figures and examples, further description of the present invention is provided as below.|Example 1|[0035] This is a basic example of the process of the present invention. As shown in Fig.1, the steps comprise:| 1) oxygen enriched combustion including: increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion for producing heat energy;| 2) carbon capture of seawater scrubbing including: scrubbing the flue gas generated in the course of oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) with seawater so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, and generating clean decarburized flue gas and acid scrubbing water containing carbon dioxide of the flue gas;| 3) water quality restoration including: diluting the acid scrubbing water generated in step 2) with new seawater, so that a pH value of the acid scrubbing water is recovered to a legal value allowed to be discharged into the ocean, and scrubbing seawater discharges are generated;| 4) ocean carbon storage including: injecting the scrubbing seawater discharges generated in step 3) into the ocean to realize ocean carbon storage which is long-term, safe and environment-friendly on marine ecology;| 5) low carbon emission to atmosphere including: discharging the decarburized flue gas generated in step 2) into atmosphere; and| 6) energy outputting including: converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion in step 1) into applied energy and outputting the applied energy.|Example 2|[0036] This is a group of examples based on Example 1. The fossil fuels include oil, natural gas, combustible ice, biomass fuel and coal. In these examples, biomass fuel can be also used as carbon-containing fuel for producing energy with low carbon emissions, as same as the common fossil fuel, and the combustion of biomass fuel with low carbon emissions has effect of climate mitigation of negative emission.|[0037] In another group of examples based on Example 1, the fossil fuels include a combination of oil and natural gas, a combination of natural gas and combustible ice, a combination of biomass fuel and coal, and a combination of oil and coal.|[0038] In another group of examples based on Example 1, in the process of increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion, the volume percentage of oxygen in air for fossil fuel combustion is increased to 21% - 25%, or 25% - 35%, or 35% - 55%, or 55% - 75%, or 75% - 99%.|Example 3|[0039] This is a group of examples based on Example 1. After the process of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion, the carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gas is increased by 1% - 10%, or 10% - 50%, or 50% - 100% compared with that in the flue gas generated in combustion by ambient natural air.|[0040] This is a group of examples based on Example 1. After the process of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas in the course of combustion, the carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gas is increased by 1-2 times, or 2-5 times, or 5-10 times, or 10-20 times, or 20-30 times compared with that in the flue gas generated in combustion by ambient natural air.|Example 4|[0041] This is a group of examples based on Example 1. In the process that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved into the seawater to realize carbon capture, the amount of carbon dioxide in flue gas dissolved in the seawater reaches 3% - 5%, or 5% - 15%, or 15% - 35%, or 35% - 55%, or 55% - 75%, or 75% - 99%.|Example 5|[0042] This is another basic example based on Example 1. In the process of increasing the oxygen concentration in air for fossil fuel combustion, the increased oxygen is obtained from a separation method of cryogenic liquefied air. In another basic example, the increased oxygen is obtained from a pressure swing adsorption method. In another example, the increased oxygen is obtained from a membrane separation method.|[0043] In another basic example based on Example 1, in the process of converting the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion into applied energy and outputting the applied energy in step 6), the heat energy is converted into electrical energy through a method of heating the boiler to produce steam to push the turbine generator, and the electrical energy is outputted to the power grid. In another example, the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion is converted into kinetic energy for ship propulsion by internal-combustion engine. In another example, the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion is converted into hot steam and/or hot water medium by heating boiler and the hot steam and/or hot water medium are outputted. In another example, the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion is converted into kinetic energy by gas turbine. In another example, the heat energy generated in oxygen enriched combustion is converted into an applied energy combination of electric energy, kinetic energy and thermal energy medium.|Example 6|[0044] This is a basic example of the apparatus of the present invention. As shown in Fig.2, the apparatus comprises:|a device for increasing oxygen 1, a burner 2 and a carbon capturer 3, wherein:|the device for increasing oxygen 1, which is configured for increasing the oxygen concentration, includes an intake passageway 1.1, a passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air 1.2 and a passageway for discharging nitrogen 1.3, wherein the intake passageway 1.1 is communicated with the atmosphere, and the passageway for supplying oxygen enriched air 1.2 is communicated with the burner 2; the burner 2 includes a device for supplying fuel 2.1, a passageway for discharging flue gas 2.2 and a device for converting and outputting energy 2.3, wherein the passageway for discharging flue gas 2.2 is connected to the carbon capturer 3; and the carbon capturer 3 includes a passageway for entering of scrubbing water 3.1, a device for pumping seawater 3.2 and a passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas 3.3, wherein:| the passageway for entering of scrubbing water 3.1 is connected to the device for pumping seawater 3.2;| the passageway for discharging decarbonized flue gas 3.3 is communicated with atmosphere through an exhaust funnel 3.4;| a seawater outlet 3.5 is connected to a pipe for discharging seawater 3.7 through a device for restoring water quality 3.6; and| an outlet of the pipe for discharging seawater 3.7 is communicated with the ocean.|Example 7|[0045] This is an example based on Example 6. As shown in Fig.2, the carbon capturer 3 is composed of a scrubber for seawater and flue gas. The device for restoring water quality 3.6, to which the carbon capturer 3 is connected, is composed of a water mixing device, so that the new seawater and acid seawater are well mixed in a space isolated from the atmosphere.|[0046] In another group of examples based on Example 6, the device for increasing oxygen comprises an apparatus for increasing oxygen including a separation device of cryogenic liquefied air, and/or a device of pressure swing adsorption, and/or a device of membrane separation.|[0047] In another group of examples based on Example 6, the burner is composed of a boiler burning carbon-containing fossil and/or biomass fuels, and/or an internal combustion engine, and/or a gas turbine.|[0048] In another group of examples based on Example 6, the device for converting and outputting energy, to which the burner is connected, is composed of a turbine generator, and/or a heating boiler, and/or an internal combustion engine, and/or a propeller, and/or a gas turbine.|Example 8|[0049] This is an example based on Example 6. As shown in Fig.3, the device for increasing oxygen 1 is connected to a device for recycling nitrogen 1.4 through the passageway for discharging nitrogen 1.3. The device for recycling nitrogen is composed of a whole plant for producing synthetic ammonia. In another example, the device for recycling nitrogen is composed of a whole plant for producing nitrogenous fertilizer. In another example, the device for recycling nitrogen is composed of a device for storing and transporting chemical seal gas.|[0050] In above examples, in the process for producing oxygen, nitrogen is recycled as by-product. Therefore, this a CCUS example including carbon capture, utilization and storage.|Example 9|[0051] This is an example for remodeling a power plant based on Example 6 and Example 7. As shown in Fig.2, the burner is a supercritical coal-fired boiler matched with 600MW steam turbine generator unit, and pulverized coal and biomass fuels are used as the fuel. The remodeling is carried out in two phases.|[0052] In an example of the first phase remodeling, a device for increasing oxygen is installed in the boiler passageway for entering of air, and a carbon capturer of seawater scrubbing is installed in the passageway for exhausting flue gas. The installed device for increasing oxygen is a separation device of cryogenic liquefied air, by which the oxygen volume concentration in the entering air of boiler is increased to about 40%, and the volume concentration of carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas is about 36%. In the installed carbon capturer of seawater scrubbing, a packed tower is used to reduce the height, and the height of water distributor is about 9m. The existing cooling seawater of the power plant is directly used as scrubbing seawater, and no additional drainage facilities are built. In this example, the annual amount of capture and storage of carbon dioxide is about 300,000 tons, the CO2 emissions of the power plant are reduced by about 10%, the SO2 emissions are reduced by about 99%, and the combustion efficiency of the boiler is increased by about 3% through the oxygen enriched combustion.|[0053] In an example of the second phase remodeling, based on the first phase remodeling, the scale and power of the device for increasing oxygen installed in the boiler passageway for entering of air are increased, another carbon capturer of seawater scrubbing is added in the passageway for exhausting flue gas, and a pumping station for pumping seawater is added. The added devices for increasing oxygen include a device of pressure swing adsorption and two devices of membrane separation. After the increasing of the scale and power of the device for increasing oxygen, the oxygen volume concentration in the entering air of boiler reached to about 80%, and the volume concentration of carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas is about 76%. The amount of scrubbing seawater is increased to about 210,000 t/h, which comes from the added pump for pumping seawater. The pH value of the scrubbing seawater is adjusted by a device for restoring water quality to reach to a value of no less than 6.5 according to legal provisions of the environmental management department. Then the scrubbing seawater is injected under atmospheric pressure through a pipe into the ocean at a location which is near the water quality restoration location. In this example, the annual amount of capture and storage of carbon dioxide is about 2,300,000 tons, and the CO2 emissions of the power plant are reduced by about 80%.|[0054] The example of the second phase remodeling meets the requirements of large-scale CCS for the development of hydrogen energy industry.|Example 10|[0055] This is an example of fossil fuel power plant with low carbon emissions, comprising one or more technical features of the apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions mentioned in Example 6, or Example 7, or Example 8, or Example 9.|[0056] In another example of gas-steam combined cycle power plant based on Example 6, the device for increasing oxygen is an oxygen generator of gas supercharging, which is composed of a gas compressor of gas turbine and oxygen-nitrogen separation membrane.|Example 11|[0057] This is an example of marine ship based on Example 6 and Example 7. As shown in Fig.4, the burner 2 includes one 23MW marine diesel engine as the main propulsion engine connected to the propeller, and one heating boiler as auxiliary. An oxygen generator of gas supercharging is installed at the are inlet of the engine and the boiler. The oxygen generator of gas supercharging is composed of gas turbocharger of diesel engine and an oxygen nitrogen separation membrane. The seawater outlet 3.5 of the carbon capturer 3 is connected to the pipe for discharging seawater 3.7 through a device for restoring water quality 3.6. A ship carbon capturer of seawater scrubbing is installed in tail gas passageway. The drainage is in accordance with MEPC rules under Annex VI of MARPOL convention, which is allowed to be discharged into the ocean. CO2 in ship flue gas is reduced by 3%-5% (the specific value is related to the seawater quality and temperature where the ship sails), and SO2 is reduced by 99%. the efficiency of the ship diesel engine is increased by about 3.8% through the oxygen enriched combustion.|[0058] In another example of ship, the fuel is LNG and it produces less carbon emissions than coal and oil, but it still belongs to the fossil energy needed to reduce and control the carbon emissions.|Example 12|[0059] This is an example of marine ship based on Example 11. As shown in Fig.4, the seawater outlet 3.5 of the carbon capturer 3 is connected to the pipe for discharging seawater 3.7 through a thermoelectric generator 3.8 and a device for restoring water quality 3.6. The thermoelectric generator 3.8 is electrically connected with the device for increasing oxygen 1 and the device for pumping seawater 3.2 through an internal power supply system. Due to the high temperature of flue gas from ship internal combustion engine, it is easier for seawater to absorb the waste heat of the flue gas during scrubbing process (no less than 60% of fuel heat). This part of waste heat can be used for thermoelectric power generation to reduce the energy consumption of device for increasing oxygen and the seawater scrubbing. In this example, the emission of CO2 in tail gas is reduced by 5%-10%.|Example 13|[0060] This is a group of examples of fossil fuel powered marine ship with low carbon emissions, comprising one or more technical features of the apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions mentioned in Example 6, or Example 7, or Example 11, or Example 12.|[0061] The protection scope of the claim of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. | Family Number|(87172137)|87172137|Abstract|(WO202000121 A1)|A method and device for producing low-carbon emission fossil fuel, which relate to the technical field of clean energy and climate change mitigation, and which are suitable for use in coastal and marine regions to generate energy by using carbonaceous fuels such as fossil fuels and biomass fuels in a manner which produces low-carbon emission to the atmosphere. The main steps comprise: performing oxygen-enhanced combustion, washing using sea water once to obtain flue gas, capturing carbon at a high decarburization rate, restoring the quality of washing sea water to a value specified by current laws about discharge allowed to the sea, and then performing marine carbon sequestration, thereby achieving long-term safe and eco-friendly utilization of resources in a natural marine carbon sink, and generating low-cost clean energy which produces low-carbon emission to the atmosphere.|(WO202000787 A1)|A method and device for generating low-carbon-emission energy from fossils, belonging to the technical field of clean energy and climate change mitigation and applied to generating, using carbonaceous fuel, such as fossils and biomass, low-cost clean energy emitting low carbon to the atmosphere in coastal and oceanic areas. The method comprises the main steps of: capturing carbon by means of oxygen-enriched combustion and sea water scrubbing of flue gas once, and discharging the scrubbing sea water with water quality meeting the legal requirements to the ocean to realize oceanic natural alkalinity carbon sequestration, thereby safely and reducing greenhouse gas in the atmosphere in an eco-friendly manner using oceanic natural carbon sink and carbon pool resources.|L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour générer de l'énergie à faible émission de carbone à partir de fossiles, appartenant au domaine technique de l'énergie propre et de l'atténuation des variations climatiques et appliqué à la génération, à l'aide d'un combustible carboné, tel que des fossiles et de la biomasse, de l'énergie propre à faible coût émet une faible teneur en carbone dans l'atmosphère dans les zones côtières et océphalosporines. Le procédé comprend les étapes principales consistant à : capturer du carbone au moyen d'une combustion enrichie en oxygène et du lavage à l'eau de mer de gaz de combustion une fois, et décharger l'eau de mer de lavage avec une qualité d'eau satisfaisant les exigences légales à l'océan pour réaliser une séquestration de carbone d'alcalinité naturelle océphalosporanique, ce qui permet de réduire en toute sécurité et de réduire le gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère d'une manière respectueuse à l'environnement à l'aide d'un puits de carbone naturel océanique et de ressources de pool de carbone.|(CA3104187 A1)|A method and device for generating low-carbon-emission energy from fossils, belonging to the technical field of clean energy and climate change mitigation and applied to generating, using carbonaceous fuel, such as fossils and biomass, low-cost clean energy emitting low carbon to the atmosphere in coastal and oceanic areas. The method comprises the main steps of: capturing carbon by means of oxygen-enriched combustion and sea water scrubbing of flue gas once, and discharging the scrubbing sea water with water quality meeting the legal requirements to the ocean to realize oceanic natural alkalinity carbon sequestration, thereby safely and reducing greenhouse gas in the atmosphere in an eco-friendly manner using oceanic natural carbon sink and carbon pool resources.|L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour générer de l'énergie à faible émission de carbone à partir de fossiles, appartenant au domaine technique de l'énergie propre et de l'atténuation des variations climatiques et appliqué à la génération, à l'aide d'un combustible carboné, tel que des fossiles et de la biomasse, de l'énergie propre à faible coût émet une faible teneur en carbone dans l'atmosphère dans les zones côtières et océphalosporines. Le procédé comprend les étapes principales consistant à : capturer du carbone au moyen d'une combustion enrichie en oxygène et du lavage à l'eau de mer de gaz de combustion une fois, et décharger l'eau de mer de lavage avec une qualité d'eau satisfaisant les exigences légales à l'océan pour réaliser une séquestration de carbone d'alcalinité naturelle océphalosporanique, ce qui permet de réduire en toute sécurité et de réduire le gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère d'une manière respectueuse à l'environnement à l'aide d'un puits de carbone naturel océanique et de ressources de pool de carbone.|(AU2018430238 A1)|A method and device for generating low-carbon-emission energy from fossils, belonging to the technical field of clean energy and climate change mitigation and applied to generating, using carbonaceous fuel, such as fossils and biomass, low-cost clean energy emitting low carbon to the atmosphere in coastal and oceanic areas. The method comprises the main steps of: capturing carbon by means of oxygen-enriched combustion and sea water scrubbing of flue gas once, and discharging the scrubbing sea water with water quality meeting the legal requirements to the ocean to realize oceanic natural alkalinity carbon sequestration, thereby safely and reducing greenhouse gas in the atmosphere in an eco-friendly manner using oceanic natural carbon sink and carbon pool resources.|(SG11202013037X A)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation. The present invention is applicable for utilizing fossil, biomass and other carbon-containing fuels in coastal and marine areas to produce clean energy with low carbon emissions to atmosphere and low cost. The process comprises the main steps of carrying out the oxygen enriched combustion and using seawater to scrub the flue gas once to realize carbon capture, and the scrubbing water is recovered to a water quality in accordance with legal requirements and then is discharged into the ocean to realize carbon storage of ocean natural alkalinity, so that the resources of carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean are used to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a safe and environment-friendly form.(From EP3812033 A1)|(IN202117002272 A)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation. The present invention is applicable for utilizing fossil, biomass and other carbon-containing fuels in coastal and marine areas to produce clean energy with low carbon emissions to atmosphere and low cost. The process comprises the main steps of carrying out the oxygen enriched combustion and using seawater to scrub the flue gas once to realize carbon capture, and the scrubbing water is recovered to a water quality in accordance with legal requirements and then is discharged into the ocean to realize carbon storage of ocean natural alkalinity, so that the resources of carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean are used to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a safe and environment-friendly form.|(EP3812033 A4)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation. The present invention is applicable for utilizing fossil, biomass and other carbon-containing fuels in coastal and marine areas to produce clean energy with low carbon emissions to atmosphere and low cost. The process comprises the main steps of carrying out the oxygen enriched combustion and using seawater to scrub the flue gas once to realize carbon capture, and the scrubbing water is recovered to a water quality in accordance with legal requirements and then is discharged into the ocean to realize carbon storage of ocean natural alkalinity, so that the resources of carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean are used to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a safe and environment-friendly form.|(US20210372615 A1)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation. The present invention is applicable for utilizing fossil, biomass and other carbon-containing fuels in coastal and marine areas to produce clean energy with low carbon emissions to atmosphere and low cost. The process comprises the main steps of carrying out the oxygen enriched combustion and using seawater to scrub the flue gas once to realize carbon capture, and the scrubbing water is recovered to a water quality in accordance with legal requirements and then is discharged into the ocean to realize carbon storage of ocean natural alkalinity, so that the resources of carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean are used to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a safe and environment-friendly form.|(JP2021529080 A)|The present invention relates to methods and equipment for utilizing fossil energy at reduced carbon emissions, which belong to the technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation. The present invention is applicable for producing clean energy with reduced carbon emissions to the atmosphere and at low cost utilizing fossil, biomass and other carbon-containing fuels in coast and sea areas. The method comprises the main steps of performing oxygen-enriched combustion and washing smoke once using seawater to perform carbon recovery, wherein the wash water is discharged to the ocean after being restored to a water quality meeting legal requirements; Marine natural alkaline carbon storage is achieved, thereby reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a safe and environmentally friendly manner using natural marine carbon absorption and carbon pool resources.| | Chemical engineering|Environmental technology|Thermal processes and apparatus|Transport | B01D-053/62|B01D-053/78|B01D-2252/1035|B01D-2256/12|B01D-2257/504|B01D-2258/012|B01D-2258/0283|B01D-2258/0291|B01D-2259/4566|F23D-014/32|F23D-2900/00006|F23J-015/00/6|F23J-015/04|F23J-2215/50|F23J-2217/50|F23L-007/00/7|Y02C-020/40|Y02E-020/32|Y02E-020/34 | 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SELF=N CAT=Y|CN106803597 76375760 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN106803597 76375760 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN106076066 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN106076066 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN106076066 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN106076066 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|JP2017504778 70069348 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|JP2014194192 67493922 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|JP2009534168 6761365 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|WO2007116242 6761365 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=Y|CN107485968 78061405 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|CN106731510 74544940 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20120211421 44363419 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20120211421 44363419 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20120211421 44363419 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A | 米国特許出願第15568596号明細書 | CN106803597; CN106076066; CN107485968; CN106731510; US20120211421||CN106803597; CN106076066; CN107485968; CN106731510; US20120211421; WO2017211312; WO2007116242||CN106076066; JP2009534168; JP2017504778; JP2017118819; JP2014194192; CN106731510; 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date=2021-01-18|Standardized application number=2021IN-17002272|Event publication date=2021-03-26|Event code=IN/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application laid open|Publication country=IN|Publication number=IN202117002272|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2021-03-26|Standardized publication number=IN202117002272|(SG11202013037X)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR SG11202013037X|Actual or expected expiration date=2024-05-31|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2018-10-16|Event code=SG/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=SG SG11202013037X|Application date=2018-10-16|Standardized application number=2020SG-1113037X|Event publication date=2021-02-25|Event code=SG/A|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application Published|Publication country=SG|Publication number=SG11202013037X|Publication stage code=A|Publication date=2021-02-25|Standardized publication number=SG11202013037X|Event publication date=2021-02-25|Event code=SG/PT210|Event group=Entry into national phase|English translation of PCT application published|Event publication date=2024-05-31|Event code=SG/WRA|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|APPLICATION WITHDRAWN, REFUSED, TAKEN TO BE ABANDONED|(AU2018430238)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR AU2018430238|Actual or expected expiration date=2023-05-11|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2018-10-16|Event code=AU/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=AU AU2018430238|Application date=2018-10-16|Standardized application number=2018AU-0430238|Event publication date=2021-02-11|Event code=AU/A1|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Open to public inspection|Publication country=AU|Publication number=AU2018430238|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2021-02-11|Standardized publication number=AU2018430238|Event publication date=2023-05-11|Event code=AU/MK4|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Application lapsed section 142(2)(d) - no continuation fee paid for the application|(CA3104187)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR CA3104187|Actual or expected expiration date=2024-04-17|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2018-10-16|Event code=CA/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=CA CA3104187|Application date=2018-10-16|Standardized application number=2018CA-3104187|Event publication date=2020-01-02|Event code=CA/A1|Event group=Examination events|Application laid open|Publication country=CA|Publication number=CA3104187|Publication stage code=A1|Publication date=2020-01-02|Standardized publication number=CA3104187|Event publication date=2024-06-12|Event code=CA/FZDE|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Dead|Effective date of the event=2024-04-17 | (EP3812033)|Contracting States: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, LI, RO, NL, TR|(WO2020/000787)|ARIPO: GH, RW, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2020/000787)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2020/000787)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2020/000787)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2020/000787)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IR, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, JO, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, KH, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, KW, CR, KZ, CU, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, DJ, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL|(WO2020/000121)|ARIPO: GH, RW, GM, LR, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2020/000121)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2020/000121)|EPO: DE, NO, RS, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, HR, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, SM, GB, IE, MK, EE, CH, MT, IS, AL, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2020/000121)|OAPI: ST, KM, CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2020/000121)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, QA, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IR, IS, AL, AM, AO, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, JO, RW, BH, JP, BN, SA, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, KH, CA, ST, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CL, CN, CO, KW, CR, KZ, CU, TH, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, DJ, LR, TZ, DK, LS, DM, LU, DO, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, ME, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL | (US20210372615)|US|(WO2020/000787)|IN|(IN202117002272)|IN | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=xjIJSEQhK06tSTyK04nBk3mXtI+wKb3KNoC7YXsv59YGnqhCiah71aMBN8cII1otJsj+r4XrQ7A=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=EP0000000008955842&ekey=2382&xpn=EP3812033&kind=A4 | https://register.epo.org/application?number=EP18924949 | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=gxgSVS0sijmeccOAsqvWAnfDUqlXTJ5uwQdFuycu4uk%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | WO | (EP3812033)|CN|(EP3812033)|CN|(US20210372615)|CN||(CA3104187)|CN | (EP3812033)|NAME=Peng, Sigan No. 717, Wuluo Road Hongshan District Room 12A11, Rich International Building Wuhan , CITY=Hubei 430072 , COUNTRY=CN , REG=101704831|(EP3812033)|NAME=Peng, Sigan No. 717, Wuluo Road Hongshan District Room 12A11, Rich International Building Wuhan , CITY=Hubei 430072 , COUNTRY=CN , REG=101704831|(US20210372615)|NAME=PENG Sigan , CITY=Wuhan, Hubei , COUNTRY=CN|(SG11202013037X)|NAME=PENG, Sigan CN|(CA3104187)|NAME=PENG, SIGAN Wu Hongxia Room 12A11 Rich International Building Wuluo Road 717#, Hongshan District Hubei 430072 , CITY=WUHAN , COUNTRY=CN | (EP3812033)|DE|(EP3812033)|DE||(AU2018430238)|AU|(CA3104187)|CA | (EP3812033)|NAME=Winter, Brandl - Partnerschaft mbB Alois-Steinecker-Straße 22 , CITY=85354 Freising , COUNTRY=DE , REG=100059963|(EP3812033)|NAME=Winter, Brandl - Partnerschaft mbB Alois-Steinecker-Straße 22 , CITY=85354 Freising , COUNTRY=DE , REG=100059963|(JP2021529080)|NAME=UENO, Hideki , REG=100158920|(AU2018430238)|NAME=Griffith Hack Level 10 161 Collins St , CITY=MELBOURNE , STATE=VIC , POSTCODE=3000 , COUNTRY=AU|(CA3104187)|NAME=OYEN WIGGS GREEN & MUTALA LLP , COUNTRY=CA | (EP3812033)|CN|(EP3812033)|CN|(US20210372615)|CN|(WO2020/000787)|CN|(WO2020/000121)|CN|||||(CA3104187)|CN | (EP3812033)|NAME=Peng, Sigan No. 717, Wuluo Road Hongshan District Room 12A11, Rich International Building Wuhan, CITY=Hubei 430072, COUNTRY=CN|(EP3812033)|NAME=Peng, Sigan No. 717, Wuluo Road Hongshan District Room 12A11, Rich International Building Wuhan, CITY=Hubei 430072, COUNTRY=CN|(US20210372615)|NAME=PENG Sigan, CITY=Wuhan, Hubei, COUNTRY=CN|(WO2020/000787)|NAME=PENG, Sigan Wu Hongxia Room 12A11, Rich International Building, Wuluo Road 717#, Hongshan District Wuhan, Hubei 430072, POSTCODE=430072, COUNTRY=CN|(WO2020/000121)|NAME=PENG, Sigan Wu Hongxia No.717 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Room 12A11, Rich International Building, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, POSTCODE=430072, COUNTRY=CN|(JP2021529080)|NAME=PENG SIGAN|(IN202117002272)|NAME=Peng Sigan|(SG11202013037X)|NAME=PENG, Sigan CN|(AU2018430238)|NAME=PENG, Sigan|(CA3104187)|NAME=PENG, SIGAN Wu Hongxia Room 12A11 Rich International Building Wuluo Road 717#, Hongshan District Hubei 430072, CITY=WUHAN, COUNTRY=CN | Titre: (EP3812033)|Method and device for generating low-carbon-emission energy from fossils Résumé: (EP3812033)|The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for utilizing fossil energy with low carbon emissions, which belongs to a technical field of clean energy and climate mitigation. The present invention is applicable for utilizing fossil, biomass and other carbon-containing fuels in coastal and marine areas to produce clean energy with low carbon emissions to atmosphere and low cost. The process comprises the main steps of carrying out the oxygen enriched combustion and using seawater to scrub the flue gas once to realize carbon capture, and the scrubbing water is recovered to a water quality in accordance with legal requirements and then is discharged into the ocean to realize carbon storage of ocean natural alkalinity, so that the resources of carbon sink and carbon pool in natural ocean are used to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in a safe and environment-friendly form. | 82.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on low-carbon energy generation from fossil fuels and carbon capture, not on stimulating phytoplankton growth or ocean fertilization. | 8.0 | 6.0 | (WO2020/000787)|1|(IN202117002272)|1|(US20210372615)|1|(JP2021529080)|1|(AU2018430238)|1|(CA3104187)|1|(WO2020/000121)|1 | (WO2020/000787)|13|(IN202117002272)|13|(US20210372615)|13|(JP2021529080)|13|(AU2018430238)|13|(CA3104187)|13|(WO2020/000121)|13 | |(EP3812033)|14|(US20210372615)|14|(WO2020/000787)|14|(WO2020/000121)|14|(JP2021529080)|14|(IN202117002272)|14|(SG11202013037X)|14|(AU2018430238)|14|(CA3104187)|14 | 0.0 | 31.0 | 8.0 | (WO2020/000787)|4|(IN202117002272)|4|(US20210372615)|4|(JP2021529080)|4|(AU2018430238)|4|(CA3104187)|4|(WO2020/000121)|4 | 2.0 | 9.0 | (EP3812033)|WO2020/000787|(US20210372615)|WO2020/000787|(JP2021529080)|WO2020/000787|(IN202117002272)|WO2020/000787|(SG11202013037X)|WO2020/000787|(AU2018430238)|WO2020/000787|(CA3104187)|WO2020/000787 | Primary examiner: Hackenberg, Stefan||(EP3812033)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Primary examiner: Hackenberg, Stefan||(US20210372615)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Number of Drawings: NDR=4|Number of Figures: NFG=4|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=1|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1||(WO2020/000787)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(WO2020/000121)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Extended kind: EXTK=x||(JP2021529080)|Number of Claims: NCL=14|Number of Pages: NPAGES=17|Request for examination: REQEXA=false||(IN202117002272)|Number of Claims: NCL=14||(SG11202013037X)|Number of Claims: NCL=14||(AU2018430238)|Number of Claims: NCL=14||(CA3104187)|Number of Claims: NCL=14| | (EP3812033)|CHINESE (CHI) | (EP3812033)|Patent|(US20210372615)|Patent|(JP2021529080)|Patent|(EP3812033)|Patent|(IN202117002272)|Patent|(SG11202013037X)|Patent|(AU2018430238)|Patent|(CA3104187)|Patent|(WO202000121)|Patent|(WO202000787)|Patent | |||||||||||||||
| 93 | US60/746,317P|US11/744,204 | WOUS2007/068193|US11/744,204 | WO2007/131143|WO2007/131143|WO2007/131143|US20070257126 | 44132288 | WO2007/131143 A9 2008-09-18 [WO2007131143]|WO2007/131143 A3 2008-07-31 [WO2007131143]|WO2007/131143 A2 2007-11-15 [WO2007131143]|US20070257126 A1 2007-11-08 [US20070257126] | 2006-05-03|2007-05-03 | 2007-05-03|2007-05-03 | 2008-09-18|2008-07-31|2007-11-15|2007-11-08 | (US20070257126)|2010-04-20|(WO2007/131143)|2009-11-03 | (US20070257126)|Mitigation of tropical cyclone intensity and damage | (US20070257126)|High sea surface temperatures (SST) are a major factor in the formation and maintenance of tropical cyclones. Global warming has contributed to a rise in SSTs causing an increase in tropical cyclone formation. This increase in SSTs in the Atlantic basin is attributed to failing of the ThemoHaline Currents (THC) that provides warm ocean waters to Europe. Should the THC fail, it is estimated that Europe would be plunged into a 200-400 year ice age. The invention described herein uses OTEC or similar technology to pump cold ocean water to the surface, reducing SSTs limiting the formation and growth of tropical cyclones. Additional benefits would include strengthening of the THC as well as providing a stop-gap solution for global warming while more responsible manufacturing and industrial methods are designed and implemented. With limited additions to the OTEC platform other benefits can be derived including but not limited to mariculture, algaeculture, biodiesel and ethanol production, and carbon sequestration. | PROJECT WINDFALL | (US20070257126)|VONDRACEK DAVID J|(WO2007/131143)|PROJECT WINDFALL|(WO2007/131143)|PROJECT WINDFALL|(WO2007/131143)|PROJECT WINDFALL ([US]) | VONDRACEK DAVID J | (US20070257126)|Vondracek David J.M. | (US20070257126)|PILLSBURY WINTHROP SHAW PITTMAN LLP ([US])|(WO2007/131143)|JAKOPIN, David, A. et al. ([US]) | (US20070257126)|Aspects of the present invention that are advantageous are numerous.|Reduction of SSTs over the entire Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea areas would contribute to the strengthening of the THC that provides necessary heat energy and nutrients to the seas surrounding Europe.|While not successful at reducing the intensity of hurricanes, StormFury did provide useful scientific information leading to further weather modification experiments.|Salinity and temperature differences can cause difficulties in large scale introduction without proper mixing and would not have the desired distribution along current flows.|The used water that is introduced to the mixing tank 220 includes the cold sea water that is used in the pump device 210 to cause condensation (and as such does not directly mix with warn water within the pump device 210 , though its temperature is slightly raised due to the heat transfer that takes place).|While effective at protecting some objects; does not provide a large scale solution to the problem such as provided by weather modification.| | (US20070257126)|1 . A method of lowering sea surface temperatures to reduce tropical cyclone intensity using a plurality of pumping distribution devices that pump cold sea water from a sea depth to a sea surface comprising the steps of: positioning a plurality of the pumping distribution devices along sea currents; pumping the cold sea water from the sea depth to the sea surface with each of the plurality of pumping distribution devices; obtaining discharge water having a lower temperature than the surface sea water, wherein water derived from the cold sea water is used to obtain the discharge water; and returning the discharge water to a predetermined area of the sea surface in a quantity sufficient to obtain cooled surface water and affect a cooling of at least a 1000 square km area of the surface water, thereby limiting tropical cyclone intensity of any tropical storm over the at least 1000 square km area.|19 . A distribution system that generates electricity and reduces surface temperature of surface sea water using deep sea water comprising: a thermal energy conversion device that uses the deep sea water and the surface sea water to produce electricity and that provides used water that has a temperature that is cooler than the surface sea water at the sea surface; and a water distribution system for continuously distributing over a period of time the discharge water over the sea surface to reduce the surface temperature of the surface sea water, the water distribution system including a mixing tank that produces discharge water that has a temperature within a range of 2-18° C. of sea surface water temperature using at least the used water.| | (US20070257126)|The invention is a proactive solution to tropical cyclones, not reactive.|This invention generally relates to weather modification, specifically relates to cooling ocean surface temperatures for mitigation of tropical cyclones, carbon sequestration and ThermoHaline Current increase.|This invention generally relates to weather modification, specifically relates to cooling ocean surface temperatures for mitigation of tropical cyclones.| | (US20070257126)|SEA SURFACE(100,20)|TROPICAL CYCLONE(100,19)|SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE(100,17)|PUMPING DISTRIBUTION(100,16)|SEAWATER SURFACE(100,15)|COLD SEAWATER(100,14)|TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY(100,6)|OCEAN DEPTH(100,5)|SEAWATER DEPTH(100,5)|SEAWATER SURFACE TEMPERATURE(100,5)|ELECTRICITY(100,4)|SURFACE TEMPERATURE(100,4)|MITIGATION(100,1)|TROPICAL CYCLONE MITIGATION(80,2)|PUMPING DISTRIBUTION OVERLAP(42,2)|DISCHARGE WATER(40,16)|PUMPING SEAWATER(35,1)|TROPICAL CYCLONE MAINTENANCE(35,1)|TROPICAL CYCLONE GROWTH(33,1)|MIXING TANK(31,10)|MASTER CONTROLLER(30,2)|PROACTIVE SOLUTION(29,1)|SEA FARMING(29,1)|PATH PREDICTION(27,4)|CORAL BLEACHING(27,3)|STRENGTHENING(25,1)|ALGAE CULTURE(24,2)|WEATHER MODIFICATION EXPERIMENT(24,2)|MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBILITY(24,1)|WEATHER MODIFICATION(23,5)|THERMOHALINE CURRENT(23,2)|ENTIRE GULF(23,1)|STOPGAP SOLUTION(22,1)|STORMFURY(22,1)|RED TIDE OCCURRENCE(21,1)|YEAR ICE AGE(21,1)|TROPICAL STORM(20,3)|WATER DISTRIBUTION(19,9)|CONDENSATION(19,1)|OBTAINING DISCHARGE WATER(18,2)|DEEP OCEAN CONVEYER CURRENT(18,1)|MAXIMIZE REDUCTION(18,1)|CARBON SEQUESTRATION(17,4)|KM AREA(17,1)|MAJOR FACTOR(17,1)|SEA(16,8)|ELECTRICAL ENERGY(16,2)|NUTRIENT(16,2)|SALINITY(16,2)|WARM OCEAN WATER(16,1)|GLOBAL WARMING(15,8)|ATLANTIC BASIN(14,4)|ALCOHOL PRODUCTION(14,2)|BIODIESEL(14,2)|DISTRIBUTION OUTLET(14,2)|COLD OCEAN WATER(13,1)|SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION USEFULNESS(13,1)|THEMOHALINE CURRENT(12,7)|SQUARE KM AREA(12,4)|SEA CURRENT(12,3)|ALGAE BLOOM(12,2)|AQUATIC LIFE(12,1)|TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION(10,3)|TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(10,2)|DISCHARGE CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTION(10,1)|ALGAE REFINERY(9,2)|MARICULTURE PLATFORM(9,2)|ALGAE FARMING PLATFORM(9,1)|DESIRED DISTRIBUTION(9,1)|OCEAN VAST RESOURCE(9,1)|COOLING OCEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE(8,2)|DEAD ZONE(8,2)|CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT(8,1)|GAS STORAGE CAPABILITY(8,1)|HURRICANE RAVAGE(8,1)|MASS INTRODUCTION(8,1)|PROJECT STORM FURY(8,1)|ENERGY PRODUCTION(7,3)|ABUNDANT ALGAE GROWTH(7,1)|HURRICANE DESTRUCTION(7,1)|HURRICANE DEVASTATION(7,1)|PUMPED DEEP SEAWATER(7,1)|TROPICAL CYCLONE SUSTENANCE(7,1)|MIXING(6,3)|WATER TEMPERATURE(6,3)|COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL(6,2)|HEAT ENERGY(6,2)|CARIBBEAN SEA(6,1)|COLD SEAWATER USAGE(6,1)|COOL SEAWATER DISCHARGE(6,1)|ENORMOUS FLEET(6,1)|HABITABLE ARTIFICIAL ISLAND(6,1)|MARTIN EXPERIMENTATION(6,1)|PUMPED COLD SEAWATER(6,1)|PUMPING BYPRODUCT(6,1)|HURRICANE INTENSITY(5,4)|HEAT TRANSFER(5,2)|COOL SEAWATER DISTRIBUTION(5,1)|CYCLONE PREDICTED PATH(5,1)|EARTH OCEAN(5,1)|GROWING MANGROVE(5,1)|HURRICANE PROTECTION(5,1)|NUTRIENT MINERAL(5,1)|OCEANIC ENGINEERING(5,1)|PRESENTED THEORY LISTING(5,1)|PUMPED COLD INTERACTION(5,1)|SEEDING OCEAN(5,1)|SOLUTION MASS(5,1)|STORM FORMATION ADVENT(5,1)|COOLING SURFACE WATER(4,3)|GOV HRD(4,2)|ALGAE PRODUCTION REQUIREMENT(4,1)|AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT(4,1)|DEPLOYED PUMP(4,1)|FEED TROPICAL CYCLONE(4,1)|FLOATING PLATFORM(4,1)|LIVING BENEFIT(4,1)|LOGISTICS CAPABILITY(4,1)|MINERAL RICH(4,1)|MODIFYING WEATHER(4,1)|PRODUCING ENERGY RESULT(4,1)|SEA USAGE(4,1)|US GOVERNMENT RESEARCH PROJECT(4,1)|ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION(3,1)|CHANGING WEATHER(3,1)|CUNNINGHAM NATURE(3,1)|DEEP DEPTH(3,1)|DISTRIBUTION SITE(3,1)|DWELLING(3,1)|LEGAL EQUIVALENT(3,1)|LIFESTYLE(3,1)|NATIVE ENVIRONMENT(3,1)|NATURAL DEEP SEA MIX(3,1)|OPERATING PUMP DISTRIBUTION(3,1)|PLATFORM DISTRIBUTION(3,1)|RAMIFICATION(3,1)|THEORY PRESENTATION(3,1)|THERMOHALINE CURRENT STRENGTH(3,1)|TROPICAL OCEAN AREA(3,1)| | (US20070257126)|What is claimed:|1. A method of lowering sea surface temperatures to reduce tropical cyclone intensity using a plurality of pumping distribution devices that pump cold sea water from a sea depth to a sea surface comprising the steps of:| positioning a plurality of the pumping distribution devices along sea currents; | pumping the cold sea water from the sea depth to the sea surface with each of the plurality of pumping distribution devices; | obtaining discharge water having a lower temperature than the surface sea water, wherein water derived from the cold sea water is used to obtain the discharge water; and | returning the discharge water to a predetermined area of the sea surface in a quantity sufficient to obtain cooled surface water and affect a cooling of at least a 1000 square km area of the surface water, thereby limiting tropical cyclone intensity of any tropical storm over the at least 1000 square km area. |2. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of using the discharge water to reduce coral bleaching and red tide occurrences. |3. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of using the discharge water to create algae blooms that absorb carbon and other green house gases from the water and atmosphere and provide food for higher aquatic life forms. |4. The method according to claim 1 where the discharge water increases gas storage capability as compared to the sea surface water, decreasing hypoxic or dead zones in oceans. |5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the cooled surface water strengthens deep ocean conveyor currents. |6. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of producing energy using at least some of the pumped sea water and at least some of the surface sea water using an ocean thermal energy conversion device, wherein the step of producing energy results in used water, and wherein the water derived from the cold sea water used in the step of obtaining is the used water from the step of producing. |7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the water derived from the cold sea water used in the step of obtaining is a mixture of the used water and other cold sea water. |8. The method according to claim 6 wherein electrical energy is generated during the step of producing. |9. The method according to claim 8 further including the step of centrally controlling at least some controls from each of the plurality of pumping distribution devices using a master controller. |10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the step of centrally controlling controls an output amount of the discharge water at some of the plurality of pumping distribution devices so that the predetermined areas associated with adjacent ones of the some of the plurality of pumping distribution devices overlap. |11. The method according to claim 9 wherein the step of centrally controlling controls an output amount of the discharge water at some of the plurality of pumping distribution devices based upon a predicted path of the tropical cyclone. |12. The method according to claim 9 wherein the step of centrally controlling controls an amount of the electrical energy produced by some of the plurality of pumping distribution devices. |13. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of centrally controlling at least some controls from each of the plurality of pumping distribution devices using a master controller. |14. The method according to claim 13 wherein the step of centrally controlling controls an output amount of the discharge water at some of the plurality of pumping distribution devices so that the predetermined areas associated with adjacent ones of the some of the plurality of pumping distribution devices overlap. |15. The method according to claim 13 wherein the step of centrally controlling controls an output amount of the discharge water at some of the plurality of pumping distribution devices based upon a predicted path of the tropical cyclone. |16. The method according to claim 15 wherein the output amount at each of the some plurality of pumping distribution devices that are within the predicted path of the tropical cyclone is optimized to maximize the reduction in intensity of the tropical cyclone. |17. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of obtaining provides the discharge water at a temperature that is within a range of 2-18° C. of sea surface water temperature. |18. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of returning is assisted by the discharge water being at least partially distributed by the sea currents. |19. A distribution system that generates electricity and reduces surface temperature of surface sea water using deep sea water comprising:| a thermal energy conversion device that uses the deep sea water and the surface sea water to produce electricity and that provides used water that has a temperature that is cooler than the surface sea water at the sea surface; and | a water distribution system for continuously distributing over a period of time the discharge water over the sea surface to reduce the surface temperature of the surface sea water, the water distribution system including a mixing tank that produces discharge water that has a temperature within a range of 2-18° C. of sea surface water temperature using at least the used water. |20. The system according to claim 19 wherein the mixing tank further includes an inlet for surface sea water and mixes surface sea water with the used water to produce the discharge water. |21. The system according to claim 19 wherein the water distribution system further includes an array of distribution outlets that distribute the discharge water to a plurality of locations around the water distribution system. |22. The system according to claim 21 wherein the thermal energy conversion device further includes a distilled water distribution system. |23. The system according to claim 22 further including a plurality of platforms that each support commercial sea farming. |24. The system according to claim 15 further including a local communications control system, the local communications control system receiving signals that control an amount of discharge water that is produced. |25. The system according to claim 20 wherein the receiving signals include a signal that specifies production of a maximum amount of discharge water. |26. The system according to claim 20 wherein the water distribution system has a capacity that allows for continuous distribution of the discharge water to cover an area of at least 1000 square km. | (US20070257126)|CLAIM OF PRIORITY |[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Appln. Ser. No. 60/746,317 filed May 3, 2006 entitled Mitigation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Damage,” the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.|(US20070257126)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION |Field of the Invention |[0002] This invention generally relates to weather modification, specifically relates to cooling ocean surface temperatures for mitigation of tropical cyclones, carbon sequestration and ThermoHaline Current increase. |Background of the Invention |[0003] Previously, most solutions to hurricane devastation have been directed at preventing damage to property. A singular example of such would be U.S. Pat. No. 6,363,670 to Dewitt “Hurricane Protection System.” While effective at protecting some objects; does not provide a large scale solution to the problem such as provided by weather modification. |[0004] Weather modification experiments have been mostly limited to cloud seeding experiments. Project Storm Fury (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hrd_sub/sfury.html) 1962-1983 was a US government research project attempting to reduce hurricane intensity. While not successful at reducing the intensity of hurricanes, StormFury did provide useful scientific information leading to further weather modification experiments. Such patents as U.S. Pat. No. 6,315,213 to Cordani (2001)—“Method of modifying weather” and its prior art describe detailed methods for changing weather. While successful in their own right these techniques are not large enough in scope to effectively reduce the intensity of a hurricane. |[0005] Conversely, patents such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,492,274 to Assaf, et al, “Method of and means for weather modification” and U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,544 to Assaf, et al, “Method of and means for weather modification” intentionally store heat energy in ocean water, creating opposite of the desired effect and provides more fuel to form and feed tropical cyclones. |[0006] The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides a listing of presented theories for destroying hurricanes at (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/tcfaqC.html), though the theories are referenced as being beyond our technical, financial and logistics capabilities. |[0007] Global warming is at the heart of the increase in hurricane intensity and frequency of recent years. John Martin (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Martin/martin.html) was a pioneer at Oceanic Engineering towards the aim of utilizing the ocean's vast resources as a method of controlling global warming. His experiments with seeding oceans with iron to produce algae blooms show promise in controlling the green house gas carbon. Unfortunately, there are two limiting factors in the method utilized by Martin's experimentation. Namely, the method of deployment via small ship requires an enormous fleet constantly deployed at high cost. Also, certain experiments showed that there are other limiting nutrient factors in algae growth besides iron such as zinc. |[0008] Another impact of global warming according to “Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25° N″ Harry L. Bryden, Hannah R. Longworth, Stuart A. Cunningham Nature 438, 655-657 (1 Dec. 2005) ThemoHaline Currents (THC)—the deep ocean currents that transport heat and nutrients throughout the Earth's oceans is beginning to fail. Should the THC fail, it is predicted that all of Europe would be plunged into an ice age lasting 200-400 years. The primary suspect of THC failure is global warming and specifically high SSTs in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Seas. |[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a known system 100 that creates energy based upon pumped cold water and the interaction of the pumped cold water with warmer surface water under very low compression, which system 100 uses a device known as a Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) device, and is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,006,985 to Claude G. and Boucherot, P. “Method and Apparatus for Obtaining Power from the Sea.” This pumping device 10 discharges the operated upon sea water, which has been used for energy conversion, back to the ocean, as shown at discharge tube 20. |[0010] While such an OTEC pumping device is known and, after energy conversion, the used water is removed from the OTEC pumping device is pumped to back to the ocean, with the discharge being provided via a single discharge tube, such that the used water, being substantially colder than the surface sea water, will naturally drop from the surface to the depths of the ocean. |SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION |[0011] This invention generally relates to weather modification, specifically relates to cooling ocean surface temperatures for mitigation of tropical cyclones. |[0012] In one aspect there is described a method of lowering sea surface temperatures to reduce tropical cyclone intensity using a plurality of pumping distribution devices that pump cold sea water from a sea depth to a sea surface. The method includes positioning a plurality of the pumping distribution devices along sea currents; pumping the cold sea water from the sea depth to the sea surface with each of the plurality of pumping distribution devices; obtaining discharge water having a lower temperature than the surface sea water, wherein water derived from the cold sea water is used to obtain the discharge water; and returning the discharge water to a predetermined area of the sea surface in a quantity sufficient to obtain cooled surface water and affect a cooling of at least a 1,000 square kilometers area of the surface water, thereby limiting tropical cyclone intensity of any tropical storm over the at least 1,000 square km area. |[0013] In a preferred aspect, the method also includes the usage of the pumped deep sea water for energy production. |[0014] In another aspect, there is described a distribution system that generates electricity and reduces surface temperature of surface sea water using deep sea water. |[0015] In a particular aspect, the distribution system includes a thermal energy conversion device that uses the deep sea water and the surface sea water to produce electricity and that provides used water that has a temperature that is cooler than the surface sea water at the sea surface; and a water distribution system for continuously distributing over a period of time the discharge water over the sea surface to reduce the surface temperature of the surface sea water, the water distribution system including a mixing tank that produces discharge water that has a temperature within a range of 2-18° C. of sea surface water temperature using at least the used water.|(US20070257126)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS |[0016] These and other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein: |[0017] FIG. 1 is a conventional OTEC platform according to the prior art. |[0018] FIG. 2 is an OTEC platform distribution system according to the present invention. |[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred OTEC distribution system according to the present invention. |[0020] FIG. 4 illustrates a distribution system according to the present invention that also includes other features. |[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates an example placement of distribution systems in the Atlantic Basin. |[0022] FIG. 6 illustrates two adjacent distribution systems and the effected sea surface water area therearound according to the present invention.|(US20070257126)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS |[0023] Aspects of the present invention that are advantageous are numerous. Certain of these advantageous aspects are discussed in the following paragraphs. It should be noted that within the application certain words are used interchangeably, in particular the usage of sea and ocean. |[0024] Affecting tropical cyclones as a system, not merely protecting individual dwellings from destruction. This also improves on cloud seeding methods as the whole system can be affected not just a limited area. |[0025] Lowered sea surface temperatures (SST) limiting formation and sustenance of tropical cyclones. Formed tropical storms entering the effected region would be deprived of feedback energy provided by warm SSTs and decrease in intensity. The invention is a proactive solution to tropical cyclones, not reactive. |[0026] A constantly deployed and operational pump distribution system, described further hereinafter, creates and maintain an environment not suitable for tropical cyclone formation. Additional benefits are safely returning native environments to their natural temperatures that have been altered by global warming. Such environmental issues as red tide and coral bleaching would subside. |[0027] Commercial viability allows the pump distribution system to pay for its maintenance and operation, not being a financial liability. |[0028] Pumping of deep sea waters also provides a constant supply of a variety of nutrient minerals for algae production. Additional quantities of limiting nutrients could be added to the natural deep sea mix as necessary to foster abundant algae growth positively effecting carbon sequestration and global warning. |[0029] Reduction of SSTs over the entire Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea areas would contribute to the strengthening of the THC that provides necessary heat energy and nutrients to the seas surrounding Europe. |[0030] Further advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description. |[0031] A series of pump distribution systems positioned along current flow lines are also preferably adapted for the commercial generation of electricity and distilled water, as well as other byproducts, as will be described further herein. |[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates a pump distribution system 200 that preferably includes an OTEC pump device 210 such as the described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,006,985 previously. The OTEC pumping device 210 obtains cold sea water from typically about 1,000 meters, instead of taking the cold sea water used for energy production and placing it directly back into the sea at a lowe level such as 800 meters via a single discharge tube as described in the '985 patent, the present invention instead passes the used cold sea water to a mixing tank 220, through an inlet 222, which mixing tank 220 can also introduce, if desired, further deep sea water via a deep see water inlet 224. The used water that is introduced to the mixing tank 220 includes the cold sea water that is used in the pump device 210 to cause condensation (and as such does not directly mix with warn water within the pump device 210, though its temperature is slightly raised due to the heat transfer that takes place). Although distilled water is also a byproduct of the pumping device 210, such distilled water, since pure and sanitary for human consumption, will typically not be introduced into the mixing tank 220, and as such is not illustrated. There is, however, other water that is fed out of the device 210 consisting of the used warm surface waters, though its temperature is slightly reduced due to the heat transfer that takes place and this other warmer water can be provided to the mixing tank, as is shown via inlet 226. The mixing tank 220 creates discharge water that is properly mixed for salinity, density and/or temperature, is then discharged from the mixing tank 220 and is placed, using a distribution system 230, back into the ocean in a distributed manner so that it remains at the surface of the ocean to allow for cooling of the temperature of the sea water at the sea surface. In terms of proper mixing, it is desirable that the discharge water is within a range of temperature of the sea surface water, preferably within about 2-18° C., so that the discharge water actually mixes with the sea surface water, rather than being at larger temperature differential and thereby quickly flowing below the sea surface water rather than mixing with the sea surface water. Thus, this allows reduction of the temperature of the surface sea water to at or below 26° C. |[0033] FIG. 3 shows a preferred distribution system 300. Pumping device 210 again discharges the used water to mixing tank 220, the sea water discharge of which is then is distributed via a distribution system 230A that includes an array of distribution outlets 240-1, 240-2, 240-3 . . . 240-n as shown, which distribute the discharge water to a plurality of locations around the water distribution system 300. |[0034] The distribution system 400, as shown in FIG. 4, can also include a floating platform 22, which can be used to distribute some of the pumped cold sea water to areas for activities in addition to the usage of the cold sea water for surface cooling. As shown a distribution system 440 distributes cold sea water that can be then used for growing mangroves and other estuary plants as well as algae farming platforms 24, mariculture platforms 26, algae refineries 28, commercial docks 30 and/or platforms for various other uses. Use of the distribution system 300 allows cooling of the sea surface, while providing other benefits such as electrical power generation and desalinated water. With limited additions to the distribution system 300, other benefits can be derived including but not limited to: mariculture from mariculture platforms 26, algae culture from algae farming platforms 24, biodiesel and ethanol production from algae refineries 28, and carbon sequestration—the carbon being absorbed as a requirement of algae production. Such commercial platforms, while not required, can also be used to further extend the output range of the distribution system 230A by creating a series of outlets for the discharge water, thus creating less of an impact on a localized area, and reducing the need for ocean currents to spread the discharge water. |[0035] The cool sea water that is pumped to the surface, in addition to being used as a component for the OTEC pumping device 210, can also be used to provide an environment for growing large quantities of cold water fish and shellfish not indigenous to tropical regions. |[0036] FIG. 5 displays a sample distribution of distribution systems 300 positioned at different locations along existing ocean currents in the Atlantic Basin to aid in distribution of the cool sea water at surface areas along the Atlantic Basin. This is representative and not to scale, as a 100 MW plant system 300 cycles through 265,000 kg seawater per second. If that amount of cold water is mixed into the surface layer, that the temperature difference of 20° C., and that a cooling rate of 2 W mˆ{−2} will give a one degree equilibrium cooling of the surface, 100 MW of installed systems 300 will be able to cool a region of about 11,000 square kilometers. Suitable distribution sites would include any tropical ocean areas. Further illustrated is a control system 500 that communicates, preferably wirelessly, with of the distribution systems 300, and allows a master station 510 (located in Florida in this example) to control and monitor, through a local control system 520 at each of the distributions systems 300, the operation of each, in particular the amount and area of discharge of the cool sea water that is discharged to the surface. Examples of such control are turning on all systems 300 that are in the predicted path of a cyclone, or turning on all systems 300, for example. |[0037] The control system 500 can thus be used to control regional surface water temperatures throughout the year and thus decrease the surface water temperatures further by increasing cold water flow to the surface of the ocean from specific or all systems 300 in the advent of storm formation to provide additional protection. |[0038] FIG. 6 illustrates a geographical area that surrounds two adjacent distribution systems 300, and illustrates coverage areas 600-1 and 600-2, with an overlap area 620. If properly scaled, each distribution system 300 is capable of operating upon 356 kiloliters of sea water per second, and can distribute cool sea water to a 11,000 square km area, and reduce the temperature of the sea surface water in that area, typically from up to 30.5° C. to 26.7° c. Smaller distribution systems 300, which can thereby influence a different range of surface areas, from 1000-11,000 square km areas, can also be used, and an appropriate match between the number of units used and the surface area that is being protected then made. |[0039] To limit impact on the surrounding environment, the mixing area 12 of FIG. 2 or similar structure is used to mix cold water from deep below the surface of the sea with the warm surface water to produce a less drastic temperature change. Salinity and temperature differences can cause difficulties in large scale introduction without proper mixing and would not have the desired distribution along current flows. |[0040] The discharged cold water from a distribution system 300 according to the present invention is discharged completely on the surface, or some on the surface and other at another depth. For instance, some but not all of the discharged water can be returned to a very deep depth in order to maintain the surface sea water at a desired temperature of no more than 26° C. to provide a variable ratio depending on surface conditions necessary to maintain a desired SST. For example, when storm formation is imminent, ratios can be adjusted to further cool the surface waters, providing an additional buffer against storm formation and growth while providing only little stress to the environment—minimal compared to the ravages of a hurricane passing the area. |[0041] Accordingly the method of cooling sea surface temperatures described herein will reduce the intensity of tropical cyclones and prevent the formation of tropical cyclones. It can also be used to return the aquatic environment to more suitable temperatures reducing occurrences of red tide and coral bleaching. Increased algae growth from the mineral rich pumping device discharge will absorb carbon from the atmosphere at an increased rate and provide a basis for higher life forms on the food chain. The absorption of carbon and other green house gases will reduce the effects of global warming. The lowering of sea surface temperatures will also have the effect of increasing the strength of the ThermoHaline Currents that transport heat around the Earth. Lowering of the sea surface temperatures allows the waters to hold a larger volume of dissolved gases decreasing hypoxic or dead zones that contain little or no oxygen. |[0042] While the description contains much specificity, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but as exemplifications of the presently preferred embodiments thereof. Many other ramifications and variations are possible within the teachings of the invention. For example, the pumping device could form the core for a habitable artificial island for research, recreational and residential purposes providing a unique lifestyle having many of the benefits of living on land, and many benefits of living at sea. |[0043] Thus the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, and not by the examples given. | (US20070257126)|CLAIM OF PRIORITY |[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Appln. Ser. No. 60/746,317 filed May 3, 2006 entitled Mitigation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Damage,” the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.|(US20070257126)|BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION |Field of the Invention |[0002] This invention generally relates to weather modification, specifically relates to cooling ocean surface temperatures for mitigation of tropical cyclones, carbon sequestration and ThermoHaline Current increase. |Background of the Invention |[0003] Previously, most solutions to hurricane devastation have been directed at preventing damage to property. A singular example of such would be U.S. Pat. No. 6,363,670 to Dewitt “Hurricane Protection System.” While effective at protecting some objects; does not provide a large scale solution to the problem such as provided by weather modification. |[0004] Weather modification experiments have been mostly limited to cloud seeding experiments. Project Storm Fury (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hrd_sub/sfury.html) 1962-1983 was a US government research project attempting to reduce hurricane intensity. While not successful at reducing the intensity of hurricanes, StormFury did provide useful scientific information leading to further weather modification experiments. Such patents as U.S. Pat. No. 6,315,213 to Cordani (2001)—“Method of modifying weather” and its prior art describe detailed methods for changing weather. While successful in their own right these techniques are not large enough in scope to effectively reduce the intensity of a hurricane. |[0005] Conversely, patents such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,492,274 to Assaf, et al, “Method of and means for weather modification” and U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,544 to Assaf, et al, “Method of and means for weather modification” intentionally store heat energy in ocean water, creating opposite of the desired effect and provides more fuel to form and feed tropical cyclones. |[0006] The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides a listing of presented theories for destroying hurricanes at (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/tcfaqC.html), though the theories are referenced as being beyond our technical, financial and logistics capabilities. |[0007] Global warming is at the heart of the increase in hurricane intensity and frequency of recent years. John Martin (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Martin/martin.html) was a pioneer at Oceanic Engineering towards the aim of utilizing the ocean's vast resources as a method of controlling global warming. His experiments with seeding oceans with iron to produce algae blooms show promise in controlling the green house gas carbon. Unfortunately, there are two limiting factors in the method utilized by Martin's experimentation. Namely, the method of deployment via small ship requires an enormous fleet constantly deployed at high cost. Also, certain experiments showed that there are other limiting nutrient factors in algae growth besides iron such as zinc. |[0008] Another impact of global warming according to “Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25° N″ Harry L. Bryden, Hannah R. Longworth, Stuart A. Cunningham Nature 438, 655-657 (1 Dec. 2005) ThemoHaline Currents (THC)—the deep ocean currents that transport heat and nutrients throughout the Earth's oceans is beginning to fail. Should the THC fail, it is predicted that all of Europe would be plunged into an ice age lasting 200-400 years. The primary suspect of THC failure is global warming and specifically high SSTs in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Seas. |[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a known system 100 that creates energy based upon pumped cold water and the interaction of the pumped cold water with warmer surface water under very low compression, which system 100 uses a device known as a Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) device, and is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,006,985 to Claude G. and Boucherot, P. “Method and Apparatus for Obtaining Power from the Sea.” This pumping device 10 discharges the operated upon sea water, which has been used for energy conversion, back to the ocean, as shown at discharge tube 20. |[0010] While such an OTEC pumping device is known and, after energy conversion, the used water is removed from the OTEC pumping device is pumped to back to the ocean, with the discharge being provided via a single discharge tube, such that the used water, being substantially colder than the surface sea water, will naturally drop from the surface to the depths of the ocean. |SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION |[0011] This invention generally relates to weather modification, specifically relates to cooling ocean surface temperatures for mitigation of tropical cyclones. |[0012] In one aspect there is described a method of lowering sea surface temperatures to reduce tropical cyclone intensity using a plurality of pumping distribution devices that pump cold sea water from a sea depth to a sea surface. The method includes positioning a plurality of the pumping distribution devices along sea currents; pumping the cold sea water from the sea depth to the sea surface with each of the plurality of pumping distribution devices; obtaining discharge water having a lower temperature than the surface sea water, wherein water derived from the cold sea water is used to obtain the discharge water; and returning the discharge water to a predetermined area of the sea surface in a quantity sufficient to obtain cooled surface water and affect a cooling of at least a 1,000 square kilometers area of the surface water, thereby limiting tropical cyclone intensity of any tropical storm over the at least 1,000 square km area. |[0013] In a preferred aspect, the method also includes the usage of the pumped deep sea water for energy production. |[0014] In another aspect, there is described a distribution system that generates electricity and reduces surface temperature of surface sea water using deep sea water. |[0015] In a particular aspect, the distribution system includes a thermal energy conversion device that uses the deep sea water and the surface sea water to produce electricity and that provides used water that has a temperature that is cooler than the surface sea water at the sea surface; and a water distribution system for continuously distributing over a period of time the discharge water over the sea surface to reduce the surface temperature of the surface sea water, the water distribution system including a mixing tank that produces discharge water that has a temperature within a range of 2-18° C. of sea surface water temperature using at least the used water.|(US20070257126)|BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS |[0016] These and other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein: |[0017] FIG. 1 is a conventional OTEC platform according to the prior art. |[0018] FIG. 2 is an OTEC platform distribution system according to the present invention. |[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred OTEC distribution system according to the present invention. |[0020] FIG. 4 illustrates a distribution system according to the present invention that also includes other features. |[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates an example placement of distribution systems in the Atlantic Basin. |[0022] FIG. 6 illustrates two adjacent distribution systems and the effected sea surface water area therearound according to the present invention.|(US20070257126)|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS |[0023] Aspects of the present invention that are advantageous are numerous. Certain of these advantageous aspects are discussed in the following paragraphs. It should be noted that within the application certain words are used interchangeably, in particular the usage of sea and ocean. |[0024] Affecting tropical cyclones as a system, not merely protecting individual dwellings from destruction. This also improves on cloud seeding methods as the whole system can be affected not just a limited area. |[0025] Lowered sea surface temperatures (SST) limiting formation and sustenance of tropical cyclones. Formed tropical storms entering the effected region would be deprived of feedback energy provided by warm SSTs and decrease in intensity. The invention is a proactive solution to tropical cyclones, not reactive. |[0026] A constantly deployed and operational pump distribution system, described further hereinafter, creates and maintain an environment not suitable for tropical cyclone formation. Additional benefits are safely returning native environments to their natural temperatures that have been altered by global warming. Such environmental issues as red tide and coral bleaching would subside. |[0027] Commercial viability allows the pump distribution system to pay for its maintenance and operation, not being a financial liability. |[0028] Pumping of deep sea waters also provides a constant supply of a variety of nutrient minerals for algae production. Additional quantities of limiting nutrients could be added to the natural deep sea mix as necessary to foster abundant algae growth positively effecting carbon sequestration and global warning. |[0029] Reduction of SSTs over the entire Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea areas would contribute to the strengthening of the THC that provides necessary heat energy and nutrients to the seas surrounding Europe. |[0030] Further advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description. |[0031] A series of pump distribution systems positioned along current flow lines are also preferably adapted for the commercial generation of electricity and distilled water, as well as other byproducts, as will be described further herein. |[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates a pump distribution system 200 that preferably includes an OTEC pump device 210 such as the described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,006,985 previously. The OTEC pumping device 210 obtains cold sea water from typically about 1,000 meters, instead of taking the cold sea water used for energy production and placing it directly back into the sea at a lowe level such as 800 meters via a single discharge tube as described in the '985 patent, the present invention instead passes the used cold sea water to a mixing tank 220, through an inlet 222, which mixing tank 220 can also introduce, if desired, further deep sea water via a deep see water inlet 224. The used water that is introduced to the mixing tank 220 includes the cold sea water that is used in the pump device 210 to cause condensation (and as such does not directly mix with warn water within the pump device 210, though its temperature is slightly raised due to the heat transfer that takes place). Although distilled water is also a byproduct of the pumping device 210, such distilled water, since pure and sanitary for human consumption, will typically not be introduced into the mixing tank 220, and as such is not illustrated. There is, however, other water that is fed out of the device 210 consisting of the used warm surface waters, though its temperature is slightly reduced due to the heat transfer that takes place and this other warmer water can be provided to the mixing tank, as is shown via inlet 226. The mixing tank 220 creates discharge water that is properly mixed for salinity, density and/or temperature, is then discharged from the mixing tank 220 and is placed, using a distribution system 230, back into the ocean in a distributed manner so that it remains at the surface of the ocean to allow for cooling of the temperature of the sea water at the sea surface. In terms of proper mixing, it is desirable that the discharge water is within a range of temperature of the sea surface water, preferably within about 2-18° C., so that the discharge water actually mixes with the sea surface water, rather than being at larger temperature differential and thereby quickly flowing below the sea surface water rather than mixing with the sea surface water. Thus, this allows reduction of the temperature of the surface sea water to at or below 26° C. |[0033] FIG. 3 shows a preferred distribution system 300. Pumping device 210 again discharges the used water to mixing tank 220, the sea water discharge of which is then is distributed via a distribution system 230A that includes an array of distribution outlets 240-1, 240-2, 240-3 . . . 240-n as shown, which distribute the discharge water to a plurality of locations around the water distribution system 300. |[0034] The distribution system 400, as shown in FIG. 4, can also include a floating platform 22, which can be used to distribute some of the pumped cold sea water to areas for activities in addition to the usage of the cold sea water for surface cooling. As shown a distribution system 440 distributes cold sea water that can be then used for growing mangroves and other estuary plants as well as algae farming platforms 24, mariculture platforms 26, algae refineries 28, commercial docks 30 and/or platforms for various other uses. Use of the distribution system 300 allows cooling of the sea surface, while providing other benefits such as electrical power generation and desalinated water. With limited additions to the distribution system 300, other benefits can be derived including but not limited to: mariculture from mariculture platforms 26, algae culture from algae farming platforms 24, biodiesel and ethanol production from algae refineries 28, and carbon sequestration—the carbon being absorbed as a requirement of algae production. Such commercial platforms, while not required, can also be used to further extend the output range of the distribution system 230A by creating a series of outlets for the discharge water, thus creating less of an impact on a localized area, and reducing the need for ocean currents to spread the discharge water. |[0035] The cool sea water that is pumped to the surface, in addition to being used as a component for the OTEC pumping device 210, can also be used to provide an environment for growing large quantities of cold water fish and shellfish not indigenous to tropical regions. |[0036] FIG. 5 displays a sample distribution of distribution systems 300 positioned at different locations along existing ocean currents in the Atlantic Basin to aid in distribution of the cool sea water at surface areas along the Atlantic Basin. This is representative and not to scale, as a 100 MW plant system 300 cycles through 265,000 kg seawater per second. If that amount of cold water is mixed into the surface layer, that the temperature difference of 20° C., and that a cooling rate of 2 W mˆ{−2} will give a one degree equilibrium cooling of the surface, 100 MW of installed systems 300 will be able to cool a region of about 11,000 square kilometers. Suitable distribution sites would include any tropical ocean areas. Further illustrated is a control system 500 that communicates, preferably wirelessly, with of the distribution systems 300, and allows a master station 510 (located in Florida in this example) to control and monitor, through a local control system 520 at each of the distributions systems 300, the operation of each, in particular the amount and area of discharge of the cool sea water that is discharged to the surface. Examples of such control are turning on all systems 300 that are in the predicted path of a cyclone, or turning on all systems 300, for example. |[0037] The control system 500 can thus be used to control regional surface water temperatures throughout the year and thus decrease the surface water temperatures further by increasing cold water flow to the surface of the ocean from specific or all systems 300 in the advent of storm formation to provide additional protection. |[0038] FIG. 6 illustrates a geographical area that surrounds two adjacent distribution systems 300, and illustrates coverage areas 600-1 and 600-2, with an overlap area 620. If properly scaled, each distribution system 300 is capable of operating upon 356 kiloliters of sea water per second, and can distribute cool sea water to a 11,000 square km area, and reduce the temperature of the sea surface water in that area, typically from up to 30.5° C. to 26.7° c. Smaller distribution systems 300, which can thereby influence a different range of surface areas, from 1000-11,000 square km areas, can also be used, and an appropriate match between the number of units used and the surface area that is being protected then made. |[0039] To limit impact on the surrounding environment, the mixing area 12 of FIG. 2 or similar structure is used to mix cold water from deep below the surface of the sea with the warm surface water to produce a less drastic temperature change. Salinity and temperature differences can cause difficulties in large scale introduction without proper mixing and would not have the desired distribution along current flows. |[0040] The discharged cold water from a distribution system 300 according to the present invention is discharged completely on the surface, or some on the surface and other at another depth. For instance, some but not all of the discharged water can be returned to a very deep depth in order to maintain the surface sea water at a desired temperature of no more than 26° C. to provide a variable ratio depending on surface conditions necessary to maintain a desired SST. For example, when storm formation is imminent, ratios can be adjusted to further cool the surface waters, providing an additional buffer against storm formation and growth while providing only little stress to the environment—minimal compared to the ravages of a hurricane passing the area. |[0041] Accordingly the method of cooling sea surface temperatures described herein will reduce the intensity of tropical cyclones and prevent the formation of tropical cyclones. It can also be used to return the aquatic environment to more suitable temperatures reducing occurrences of red tide and coral bleaching. Increased algae growth from the mineral rich pumping device discharge will absorb carbon from the atmosphere at an increased rate and provide a basis for higher life forms on the food chain. The absorption of carbon and other green house gases will reduce the effects of global warming. The lowering of sea surface temperatures will also have the effect of increasing the strength of the ThermoHaline Currents that transport heat around the Earth. Lowering of the sea surface temperatures allows the waters to hold a larger volume of dissolved gases decreasing hypoxic or dead zones that contain little or no oxygen. |[0042] While the description contains much specificity, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but as exemplifications of the presently preferred embodiments thereof. Many other ramifications and variations are possible within the teachings of the invention. For example, the pumping device could form the core for a habitable artificial island for research, recreational and residential purposes providing a unique lifestyle having many of the benefits of living on land, and many benefits of living at sea. |[0043] Thus the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, and not by the examples given. | Family Number|(44132288)|44132288|Abstract|(US20070257126 A1)|High sea surface temperatures (SST) are a major factor in the formation and maintenance of tropical cyclones. Global warming has contributed to a rise in SSTs causing an increase in tropical cyclone formation. This increase in SSTs in the Atlantic basin is attributed to failing of the ThemoHaline Currents (THC) that provides warm ocean waters to Europe. Should the THC fail, it is estimated that Europe would be plunged into a 200-400 year ice age. The invention described herein uses OTEC or similar technology to pump cold ocean water to the surface, reducing SSTs limiting the formation and growth of tropical cyclones. Additional benefits would include strengthening of the THC as well as providing a stop-gap solution for global warming while more responsible manufacturing and industrial methods are designed and implemented. With limited additions to the OTEC platform other benefits can be derived including but not limited to mariculture, algaeculture, biodiesel and ethanol production, and carbon sequestration.|(WO2007131143 A9)|High sea surface temperatures (SST) are a major factor in the formation and maintenance of tropical cyclones. Global warming has contributed to a rise in SSTs causing an increase in tropical cyclone formation. This increase in SSTs in the Atlantic basin is attributed to failing of the ThemoHaline Currents (THC) that provides warm ocean waters to Europe. Should the THC fail, it is estimated that Europe would be plunged into a 200-400 year ice age. The invention described herein uses OTEC or similar technology to pump cold ocean water to the surface, reducing SSTs limiting the formation and growth of tropical cyclones. Additional benefits would include strengthening of the THC as well as providing a stop-gap solution for global warming while more responsible manufacturing and industrial methods are designed and implemented.| | Civil engineering|Other special machines | A01G-015/00 | A01G-015/00 | A01G-015/00|E01H-013/00 | A01G-015/00|E01H-013/00 | PCLO=239002100 | PCLO=239002100 | US20160290701|US20090173386|US20240328868|US9750202|US9736996|US20100300560|US8348550|US8161757|US8715496|US20090177569|US8679331|US8685254|US8702982|US20100224694 | US20160290701 74292960 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=A|US20090173386 44219811 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=103|US20240328868 111587541 WHO=Examiner SELF=N CAT=102 CAT=103|US9750202 43843466 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US9736996 44256980 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20100300560 7667342 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8348550 7667342 WHO=Applicant SELF=N|US8161757 43843466 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8715496 44219811 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US20090177569 44219811 WHO=Examiner SELF=N|US8679331 44221621 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indicating Not In Force OAO|Abandoned -- Failure to Respond to an Office Action|(WO2007/131143)|LEGAL DETAILS FOR WO2007/131143|Actual or expected expiration date=2009-11-03|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Event publication date=2007-05-03|Event code=WO/APP|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Application details|Application country=WO WOUS2007068193|Application date=2007-05-03|Standardized application number=2007WO-US68193|Event publication date=2007-11-15|Event code=WO/A2|Event group=Examination events|International application published without international search report|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2007131143|Publication stage code=A2|Publication date=2007-11-15|Standardized publication number=WO2007131143|Event publication date=2008-07-31|Event code=WO/A3|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Later publication of ISR with revised front page|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2007131143|Publication stage code=A3|Publication date=2008-07-31|Standardized publication number=WO2007131143|Event publication date=2008-09-18|Event code=WO/A9|Event indicator=Pos|Event group=Examination events|Complete corrected document|Publication country=WO|Publication number=WO2007131143|Publication stage code=A9|Publication date=2008-09-18|Standardized publication number=WO2007131143|Event publication date=2009-11-03|Event code=WO/EETL|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|PCT Application validity period expired.|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR DE|Actual or expected expiration date=2008-11-04|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|Event publication date=2008-11-04|Event code=WO/NENP|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|Non-entry into the national phase|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=DE|MEMBER STATE LEGAL DETAILS FOR EP|Actual or expected expiration date=2009-06-03|Legal state=DEAD|Status=LAPSED|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP Corresponding appl: EP07761860|Event publication date=2008-03-19|Event code=WO/121|Event group=Designated states|EP: The EPO has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP|Event publication date=2009-06-03|Event code=WO/122|Event indicator=Neg|Event group=Event indicating Not In Force|EP: PCT app. not ent. europ. phase|EP: PCT anmeldung nicht in europaeische phase eingetreten|Corresponding cc:|Designated or member state=EP | (WO2007/131143)|ARIPO: GH, GM, TZ, LS, SZ, MW, MZ, SD, UG, NA, ZM, BW, SL, KE, ZW|(WO2007/131143)|EAPO: RU, TJ, BY, MD, AZ, TM, AM, KG, KZ|(WO2007/131143)|EPO: DE, BE, FI, PT, BG, DK, LT, LU, LV, FR, HU, SE, MC, SI, SK, GB, IE, EE, CH, MT, IS, GR, IT, ES, AT, CY, CZ, PL, RO, NL, TR|(WO2007/131143)|OAPI: CF, BF, CG, MR, CI, GN, BJ, CM, GQ, GW, TD, TG, NE, GA, SN, ML|(WO2007/131143)|National States: PT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, AE, IN, AG, ZA, IS, AL, AM, AT, ZM, AU, AZ, RO, ZW, BA, BB, RS, RU, BG, BH, JP, BR, SC, SD, SE, SG, BW, BY, BZ, SK, SL, KE, SM, KG, CA, KM, KN, SV, CH, KP, SY, KR, CN, CO, CR, KZ, CU, LA, TJ, CZ, LC, TM, TN, TR, LK, TT, DE, LR, TZ, DK, LS, LT, DM, LU, UA, LY, UG, MA, DZ, MD, MG, EC, MK, US, EE, MN, EG, UZ, MW, MX, MY, MZ, VC, ES, NA, VN, NG, NI, NO, FI, NZ, GB, GD, GE, OM, GH, GM, GT, PG, PH, PL | https://www.orbit.com/GetPDF?gui=crypt&callingapp=EDOFF&key=lOckPE/DvcPngQCEhWjMPF90CpEah8ymJjY7t3dG27jB3cyffD7Soc3HTZ4K3xLA34T3rrXcRGc=&n=1 | https://sobj.orbit.com/sobj/getMosaic?bdi=na&userid=ZIBNDZZF&key=US20070257126&ekey=1147&xpn=US20070257126&kind=A1 | https://data.uspto.gov/patent-file-wrapper/search/details/11744204/application-data | https://permalink.orbit.com/RenderStaticFirstPage?XPN=VO8iB%252F8Sew5c%252BwHlMLNqo8RHIQdPpfyajIQBIFKxQPE%3D%26n%3D1&id=0&base=FAMPAT | US | (WO2007/131143)|US | (WO2007/131143)|NAME=PROJECT WINDFALL 1515 Bonair Street, Clearwater, FL 33755 , COUNTRY=US | (US20070257126)|US|(WO2007/131143)|US | (US20070257126)|NAME=PILLSBURY WINTHROP SHAW PITTMAN LLP P.O. BOX 10500 , CITY=MCLEAN , STATE=VA , POSTCODE=22102 , COUNTRY=US|(WO2007/131143)|NAME=JAKOPIN, David, A. et al. Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, P.O. Box 10500, Mclean, VA 22102 , COUNTRY=US | (US20070257126)|US|||(WO2007/131143)|US | (US20070257126)|NAME=Vondracek David J.M., CITY=Clearwater, STATE=FL , COUNTRY=US|(WO2007/131143)|NAME=VONDRACEK, DAVID|(WO2007/131143)|NAME=VONDRACEK, DAVID|(WO2007/131143)|NAME=VONDRACEK, David 1515 Bonair Street, Clearwater, FL 33755, COUNTRY=US | Titre: (US20070257126)|Mitigation of tropical cyclone intensity and damage Résumé: (US20070257126)|High sea surface temperatures (SST) are a major factor in the formation and maintenance of tropical cyclones. Global warming has contributed to a rise in SSTs causing an increase in tropical cyclone formation. This increase in SSTs in the Atlantic basin is attributed to failing of the ThemoHaline Currents (THC) that provides warm ocean waters to Europe. Should the THC fail, it is estimated that Europe would be plunged into a 200-400 year ice age. The invention described herein uses OTEC or similar technology to pump cold ocean water to the surface, reducing SSTs limiting the formation and growth of tropical cyclones. Additional benefits would include strengthening of the THC as well as providing a stop-gap solution for global warming while more responsible manufacturing and industrial methods are designed and implemented. With limited additions to the OTEC platform other benefits can be derived including but not limited to mariculture, algaeculture, biodiesel and ethanol production, and carbon sequestration. | 84.0 | Abstract | gpt-4o-mini | no | The article focuses on reducing sea surface temperatures to mitigate tropical cyclones and mentions mariculture and algaeculture, but does not centralize on ocean iron fertilization or the specific processes related to carbon sequestration through phytoplankton growth. | 12.0 | 8.0 | (US20070257126)|2 | (US20070257126)|24 | (US20070257126)|26|(WO2007/131143)|26|(WO2007/131143)|26 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | (US20070257126)|6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | (US20070257126)|Number of Claims: NCL=26|Number of Drawings: NDR=3|Number of Figures: NFG=6|Independent Claim Number: ICL=1,19|Number of Independent Claims: NICL=2|Exemplary Claim Number: ECL=1||(WO2007/131143)|Number of Claims: NCL=26||(WO2007/131143)|Number of Claims: NCL=26|Extended kind: EXTK=z| | (US20070257126)|Provisional Appl: US60/746,317 FDD=2006-05-03 [2006US-60746317] | (US20070257126)|ENGLISH (ENG) | (WO2007131143)|Patent|(WO2007131143)|Patent|(WO2007131143)|Patent|(US20070257126)|Patent |
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